IΣTOPIKH ΓPAMMATIKH THΣ EΛΛHNIKHΣ ΓΛΩΣΣΑΣ

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    XPHTO TZITZIH IPO AANATAIOY

    ITOPIKH PAMMATIKH

    TH EHNIKH

    ( )

    EAONIKH 2016

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    [ ]

    . :

    I .

    , . ,

    , , 20 , - F.de Saussure. , - () , . ( ,

    .) , -

    , /, - (, .), ( , ), (, .).

    . 16/15 .., . ( , , : , -. , [.. , , , , , ] ,

    [..

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    [ ]

    . - , -

    . , 19 - . , 1830 , - .

    20, 21 -. , , - , - , . - , , , -

    . - . A - , - . T -, , , .

    . T - .

    , - -. B, -, . -

    , , , - .

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    [ ]

    . , -

    (5-4 .X.). , , , K , - . 11-12 .X., A, , , A M, .

    .

    O - : () () . - , - > >, + > . -

    [n] [m], - [p]. , [np] , - (), , .

    , , , . , . - - , .. . computer(> .-), internet(> . ), - . ,

    - .

    , ,

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    [ ]

    ,

    . - ( - , .). , .

    . - (substratum), (superstratum) -

    (adstratum).

    , . , E,.. . , . , , -

    . , , , , - M. , - . T .

    -,

    . - , .. . hospitium - , . , . . E , - , / , - . , / - [y],

    ,.. . > . hymnus. - - (> .

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    [ ]

    -) < . -arius, -arius , .. . (> .

    ) < . caballarius. - - , .. . - -< . -ci, -c, -ci, -c, ..< . kahveci,-< boyac. , , - ,, ,, -

    -. , , - , .. .

    / - / /, . .. [y] -

    / -/.

    K , K - , . , - . , ,

    , , - , - , , , .

    - . , , + ,

    . , , . A 6 .X. < ()

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    [ ]

    : > .

    , , [mb], [nd], [g] . , [mb], [nd], [g], - [b], [d], [g]. , ,

    .

    .

    , - ()

    () . H - - , - .

    H -. O .

    - ( ) , . , , - ().

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    [ ]

    O , -

    , : , ., , [mb], [nd], [g] [b], [d], [g] , .. [anda'laso] > [ada'laso], - , .

    E , - , . :

    () - , , .. . -

    > . , ,

    , .. . > .. . - , , .. . +> ( ), + > ().

    () - , .. . > . ( - ).

    , .. . > ( ). , , . > .

    , . > . , . > . , . >. ( : - ).

    () , .. . > ., . > . .

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    [ ]

    :

    E., ., . . . ., ., . . .

    , , , , . - ( - . ):

    E., ., . *gen-os > *-(). *gen-es-os > -. *gen-es-i > -., ., . *gen-es-a > -. *gen-es-m > -

    . *gen-es-si > *()- :

    () *-s-, - , : e + o > , e + a >, e + > , : e + i >

    () *-m -() *-ss-() *-t

    () *-ts- --.

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    [ ]

    - , -

    .() *e-bher-o-m > --- *e-bher-e-s > --- *e-bher-e-t > -- *e-bher-o-mes > ---/ -

    *e-bher-e-te > --- *e-bher-o-nt > ---

    : - . .

    , -

    , () () - , :

    -- > -- -- > -- -- > -- ()--() > - ()-- > - -- > (--) > -

    , : --, --, --, ()-

    -(), ()--, -- . .

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    [ ]

    . I

    H -

    , , , .. < *-. H . H * > s - - : *t > st. .

    M

    . H *g- *-: *g-> *bam- > *ban- >, . H *g- - *-tis: *g-tis> *ba-tis >.

    - . H *ghen- - *-: *ghen-> *khen- > *then- > , . H *ghon- *-os: *ghon-os>*khon-os > *phon-os = . : , :. - , -.

    - , ,

    . A - , , , -.

    .

    , 8 .. , ,

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    [ ]

    .

    , .. /p/, /t/, /f/, //, /m/ - . , , , ,. -

    . - , , .. , , .

    , -

    - , .

    , - , , - ( , ), .. ktb : katabtu, kataba

    () , katabat() , katab() ,katabna() , kitb(un), kutub(un). , , -

    , . , , , : ,,,,,,

    ,,,,,,.

    , , E 9 8 .X., , , , - .

    A - .

    403/2 .. , /:/ ( ) /:/ ( ) .

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    [ ]

    .

    . , . (O - .)

    O , . A , , . ,

    , -, . - , , .

    H ( ) , ,

    - . , , , , . ,, - - , - .

    .

    . B . O , A [International Phonetic Alphabet]. K

    . H

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    [ ]

    , .. ['tonos].

    . B - , , .. /p/, /t/, /k/ /'ponos/,

    /'tonos/, /'konos/. H - , .. /'ponos/.

    -, . O- ,

    . O . /k/ , [k] [a], [o] [u] , [c] [e] [i], ../ka'lo/: [ka'lo], /ki'lo/: [ci'lo]. T [k] [c] /k/, .

    - ,

    . A , [b],[d], [g] M., , ,

    [b], [d], [g], . X [b], [d], [g] [v],[], [] . -, , /v/, //, // /b/, /d/, /g/, .

    [b], [d], [g] - , .. . [gambrs] > . -

    [am'bros]. , - [mp], [nt], [k] [mb], [nd], [g]. O [b], [d], [g], , - /p/, /t/, /k/, -.

    , . -,

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    [ ]

    (< . ), - [em'beno], ['mbeno] ['beno]

    (), [mb]. E [b], [d], [g] /p/, /t/, /k/ , , [b], [d], [g] , ../'boli/ ( . /,. or/ ur, .. *d-> ./, .cord

    *> . /, . ol/ ul

    *> . /, . em, .. *dek> , . decem*> . /, . en, .. *m-tis > . (-), .

    mentis, . matis, *-udra-> . -, , . ignotusH -

    - , ..

    *ten-: *ten->

    *t-tos> *sem-: *sem-s> *sen-s> *hen-s> *s-> *h-> - (. -, -) *derk-: *derk-> - *dk-> --. -

    , , *, *, *, *:

    *n > . wulla (< *wulna . . wool, .

    Wolle), . . rn(< *rn), . lna(< *l-), .,

    *gnom, > . grnum, . .grn, .kaurn,kaurn(. . Korn, . corn), . zrno.

    , , , *, *, *, * *, *, *, *+ - *h1, *h2, *h3. , - *gtos,

    *gh1-tos> . (g)ntus, .-.

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    [ ]

    .

    :

    () *p *ph *b *bh

    *t *th *d *dh

    * *h * *h

    *k *kh *g *gh

    *k

    *kh

    *g

    *gh

    *l, *r *m, *n *, *

    *s

    *h1, *h2, *h3

    :(1) T .(2) T *s *[z]

    , .. *ni-zd-os , - > . ndus, .. nest, *-sd- (. *sed-) > *-zd-.

    (3) , - (gutturale). A ( ) - (tectale . , .bharmi, . fer, *nebhos> . , . nabhas, . neb-ula, . nebo , *bhu-> . -, . fu-i, *dheh2-> . --, . f-ci. ( , *bh *dh

    f-, *bh *dh b.)(2) *s [h]

    -

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    [ ]

    . ,

    . , , *> .,.. . . E, pe-mo pe-ma (= < *sper-m), , .

    , , *bh, *dh, *gh, .. B- , . ,

    *bh, *dh, *gh b, d,g ph, th, kh, , *bh, *dh*gh [v], [], [] ( *bh[ ] > *ph[ ] > *f[ ] > v[ -]), , , [v],[], [] ( [b], [d], [g] ). ,

    ( - ). *bh, *dh, *gh , , , - *

    . , , , -, .

    . , , . H

    I.

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    [ ]

    , E M. A, , , N. I, P.

    Kretschmer , - , -. H , - .

    (3) O V. Georgiev I.

    . , - . , . , .. .Burg, *bhgh-os( - *). M

    . V. Georgiev, :() * . *, .. *ombhn> , .

    . umb, -nis() *, *, *, * ul, ur, um, un, .. *bhgh->

    () (Lautverschiebung), .. *dhbhos

    > , . () *s, .. *selos>

    () satem, .. *amento-> -.

    Georgiev -, , ..*dhbhos> . , . . H , , , ,

    .

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    [ ]

    -

    . , , - , .

    (3) , .. < . rx, - , .. .gyrus < .

    (4) ,

    .. . .pater. - .

    (5) . -, , - , ,

    , .. , , (. ).

    (6) . - , .. K , - [bee].

    (7) -

    , (, .). [].

    .

    T E 16 . -

    . -, A.

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    [ ]

    , ,

    , .H , 16 , - Dialogus de recta latini graeciquesermonis pronuntiatione (1528), - [], ,, [b], [d], [g], , ,,,,,, [ai], [oi], [ei], [ui], [ou], [au], [eu] , , [ph], [th],[kh]. (O . -

    Antonius Nebrissensis [1503] - Aldus Manutius [1508].)

    T :() ,,,,,

    [i] .

    () - -

    , .. , .() - , .. , (.

    ).() [e]

    (< *-), .paucus . . E, - , .. < *-, < *-.

    () [ou],

    E senex frigidus, oud (. . old) coud (. . cold).

    () u.

    () [], , .. K >Crta. - , .. >. ( -

    , + o > e + .)() [zd] [b],

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    [ ]

    . K : .

    () ,, [ph

    ], [th

    ], [kh

    ], - H,TH, KH. T -, .. B > Bacchus.

    () , ..( -), [muu],( ), [mee].

    H -

    , ( , - J. Reuchlin, ).

    H E E - E 1821. O . . X - - -

    : A E [] - - : E- , .

    , -, . , (

    ) . . , , , -, ., , , , .

    , , , -

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    [ ]

    .

    , -.

    .

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    [ ]

    T , , . - (. ) .

    .

    T : (1) ( ), (2)

    (, , ), (3) ( ). :

    T 5/4 .X. . K, , // //. E, - , * * - . , 5/4 .X. :

    , ,

    T 403/2 .X., E, A , - .

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    [ ]

    :

    , ,

    . :(1) , -

    , - , [e] > [] [o] > []. , , , // //, - , .. *- >, *- > .

    :

    (2) -, (//, //, //) (//, //, //). , . -, // , //. T //,

    , - //. .

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    [ ]

    , ,

    , // // - , - // // ( 4 .X.). A, // (> //) -

    , // // , - // // . - 4 .X.:

    , ,

    A , // , . (-

    , ).

    T 2 .X. // //. H // // // . O // , -

    . M ( > , >) ( > , > ) -:

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    [ ]

    i u

    e o a

    .

    T .

    T () :

    (1) *(, , *h2e), .. *g(*h2eg) > . .(2) *h2, .. *ph2tr > . , *sth2tos > .

    . , - , .. *h2ster- > ., . stella, . Stern, *h2nr > . , . nara-.

    (3) *, *> . (), (), .. *tom > . ,*sept > . , *ttos > . , *h1lghus > ..

    (4) *, *> . , , .. *d- > ., *pth2us > . .

    T () : *(, , *eh2), .. *mtr

    (*meh2tr) > . (.), *st- (*steh2-)> . -- (. ).

    T . . . . A . T . / , a. , . brhmana ( . , . - ) . . poklima ( , . . ).

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    [ ]

    . ,

    T

    , .

    T () :(1) *, .. *bher > . , *de > .

    .(2) *h1, .. *dhh1tos > . . -

    , - , .. *h1rudh- > . , . ruber, .

    red, *h1reg

    - > . , . rajas, . erek -.

    T () : *(, , *eh1), ..

    *ph2tr > . , *dheh1- > . --. ()

    (*eh2- >) *> . , .. *meh2tr > ., ..

    T () :(1) *ei, .. *deik-> . ,

    *leip-> ..(2) , .. * > .(3) , .. * > .A

    . T . . *. -. * . . O - *s :

    R + s +

    [

    ]/ > : + R

    s + R.. *- > *- > . , *es-mi > [mi] > . .

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    [ ]

    O :

    ns + [ ]/> : + s nt.. * > . . ,

    (*- > . -), ,

    (. ).

    H . . T :

    (1) . . , . ,.. . comitium > ..

    (2) (), , , (): . [trs], . [trs].

    T - , .

    T . , i, . A - :

    (1) A, 403 .X., e( 403 .X.) ( , 403 .X., ). T 403 .X. , , .

    (2) . , .. . crpida < .

    , ., . apothca < . , . , ..< . rx, < .dnarium.

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    [ ]

    () A

    O, . H - .O - . A . , . , .. . spia < . , .

    prta < . , . Aristds < .. :(1) ,

    e, (. . ).(2) B, 4 .X.

    , /e/ , .. = , =

    .T * (), ..

    . ., . mater, . . ,

    . fama. , - * > . (. ). , , , , , - , .. . . ,. . ,. .. H - * > *( ) > .. H ,, ,,

    > . -

    : () , - -( ) , , , () , - - , , , - . - . T

    > -.A 4 .X.

    (), .. = , = ,

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    [ ]

    2 .X. , .. = , = .

    - . K

    , , [e], .. = , = , =, = .H [e] M. A. [e] , -

    [i], , . T ,.. [i] >[e] - .

    , () *ei, , .. * > , - + > , .. *- >.

    . 4 .X. () - , , . 2 .X. H .

    .

    T

    .

    T () :(1) *, .. *kid > . , *ois > . .

    ovis, *bheronti > . * (. . ) > ..

    (2) ( ),.. . jukn, uvis,. - cin.T - - , ..,, + .

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    [ ]

    T () :(1) *, .. *sos > . . vrus.

    A . , . . . X > . Chrestus, > . crme. E - .

    H .

    . . O A . . E, , . i, . i . , .. < . comitium.

    A 2 .X., () , , .. = , = . H .

    . ,

    T , .

    T () :(1) *, .. *ot > . .(2) *h3, .. *dh3tos > . . -

    , - , .. *h3bhrus > . , . bhru.

    T () : *(, , *eh3), ..

    *deh3- > . --.

    T () :(1) *ou, .. (*gus>) *gous> .

    .(2) , .. * >.

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    [ ]

    (3) , .. (* >) * > .

    T * . T . A :

    (1) . u , ..- < Septumius, . . u, .. amurca < .

    (2) + , , , .. . =. .

    T () . -

    , -.

    H () (o) () () (e) (). H ,

    , () , .

    M ( 400 .X. ) , .. = , = , = .T - . H - , - ( [o]), -, [o] ( ) .

    , M (

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    [ ]

    , - .

    , , , , .. *gus> ., -, .. *- >, , .. * > . . T - . E 10 .X. ( - *- > ) 6 .X. ( ).

    T // . [] [] 5 .X.

    . > >

    T , .

    T () *, .. *gom > . .

    T () *, .. *dhmos > . .

    T [u] [] (.. -

    ) :(1) , . [u] [], .. . = . iugum, .

    jugm, . = . fmus, . dhm. , .

    (2) [u] , . H [u] , [u] - [y] [u]. ,

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    [ ]

    , [u] .(3) -

    (. . mgire), (. . rgire), . (. .cuclus).

    T 6 .X., , , [u] . u . . T :

    (1) KY Y ( , ).

    (2) 6 .X., [a] [e], .

    (3) . Vitaspa . . [i] [i] (

    [y]) , [i], - - , - , [y].

    (4) B , [u] , , - , .. = , = . [y],

    , .. = .

    H [u] , B, , K, A, K, , E. B , , , , , , [u] [u], .. . =. . H , .. . = , = , = ,

    = . H [u] M, K, A, A, .. = -. [u] .

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    [ ]

    .

    -

    : () , , () .

    .

    O :(1) , .. *- >, *- >, *-

    > , *- >.(2) - *s, * *(), .. * > , * > , * >.

    E, :(3)

    , .. * > , * > .

    (4) -, .. > , >.

    - - , .. * > .

    O . -

    -. , . T, [v] [f]. . O ,.. ,,, . - - .

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    [ ]

    . a ()

    H a () :

    (1) *a, .. *adhos > . .(2) ,

    (*- >), *s, * *(), .. * > .

    E [a] [e], - , :

    (1)

    , .. . , . laevus,.. lv.(2) -

    , .. .palaestra < .(3) . A

    , - .

    , - .A

    - . T - - . B 5 .X. (=A), - .A [e]

    , [a] [e]. O B 4 .X. T = , = , , .E (< ) [e], - , , .. = . A 2 .X. - M. A, .. = . 2 .X.

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    [ ]

    . e ()

    H e () :

    (1) *e, .. *lek > ., *bhedh > ., . *feid > fd.

    (2) , *s,* *(), .. * > , * > .

    E [e] [i], - , :

    (1) , .. . , . .deicerent< *dek-.

    (2) , , .. .

    (3) pe-i-se-i = -.

    (4) . A

    , - .

    , - , , . , A , .. = < *,

    = < *, e. , [e], .., . = , -. 6 .X. , 4 .X. -, [e] e. A - , e.

    , . K, 7 6 .X.,

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    [ ]

    , ,

    . A . , , -

    B 5 .X. ( = ). A 3 2 .X. ( = ). , . - balneus< .,platea< ..

    . o ()

    H o () :(1) *o, .. *oda > . .(2) ,

    (*- >), *s, * *(), .. * > .

    - E [o] [i],

    , :(1)

    , .. . , . .oino(m)(> . num) < *onos .

    (2) , - , .. , .

    (3) -, .. .poena < .

    (4) . A , - .

    H , , - . T /i/ . T - B, 5 .X.

    X = X, M = M, = , - .T /o/ /e/

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    [ ]

    , - . A

    , //, - //. O //, , - B 3 .X. ( = ,-

    = ). T // (< ) , , .. (=). H , 3 .X., - 3 .X. T , , [y] 9 10 .X.,

    [i].H [u] (< [y]) -

    ( M, K, A, A), = , = -

    .

    . u ()

    H u ()

    : () - , *s, * *(), .. * > , *- > *, * > .., () -, , .

    6 .X. -

    - , - - .H [y], - .H [y] // 400 .X. T - , .

    [u], - , .. , (K).

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    [ ]

    ,

    -, .. *bh

    - > . *-> -> .O .

    . o ()

    H o () :(1) *o, .. *odhar > . .(2) ,

    , .. *so u + - > .

    E [o] [u], - , :

    (1) , .. . , . hausja< *(a)kos-.

    (2) , , .. , .

    (3) , a-ro-u-ra-i = .

    H .H 6 .X. - []. T , , - [] , , .

    , , -

    , , , . , A , .. = , = , o. , - [o], .. ( ), . = , . A 6 .X. 4 .X. . , [o] -

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    [ ]

    o. A ,

    o. , [] 5 .X. []. A . -, (< *) [] //, .

    . a () e ()

    O a () e () :(1) *a, .. *taros > . .

    *e, .. *lekos > ..(2) ,

    - *s, * *(), .. *esu > . E, * , .. *Z> Z.

    , , . [u] [y] .

    (1) A [u], , , [y] [i]. -

    [aitos], [ipnos].(2) O B [u] *, .

    (3) - , .. = , .

    O 3 .X. ( B). 2 .X.

    . O

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    [ ]

    [v]. -

    [av] [ev] [af] [ef] -. O K, - : , . A , 2 .X. - .

    .

    O :

    (1) *-i> . -, .. .(2) *-i> . -, ...(3) *-i> . -, .. .O

    , - -

    . ,

    Osthoff( - , , , l, r, m, n + ),.. *dus > *Z > Z,*gus >, . . *-is > .. -, .. >. , , .. *gus >.

    O , ..(1) < + , .. > , > .(2) < + , .. . . . ( . .

    -su> . -si> . -> . -).(3) < + , .. > , > (4) < + , .. * > .(5) < + , .. . . .(6) < + , .. * > . .M

    - , ..

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    [ ]

    , , . . Y

    , () (.. *i> ) (.. *i>ei).

    H 6 .X., , .. , . 2 .X. - - - -. M. A 4 .X. - - , -

    , , .

    . - , .. , . T - , ,

    .H . , -

    .A 380 .X. ,,-,, ,,,,. - , . O

    , ,.T 1 .X.,

    , - , .T - - , , .

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    [ ]

    .

    - . M - , , . -, -- -- - . tg tga tgula.O . , . - , ,

    , . A - (. Ablaut, J. Grimm, . apophonie). H , , - , ..

    - -. : (.

    qualitativer Ablaut Abtnung), -, .. . , ,

    (. quantitativer Ablaut Abstufung), - ( - ), .. -- -.

    A : () (. Normalstufe Vollstufe) () (. Nullstufe)() (. Abtnungstufe) () - (. Dehnstufe) () (.abgetnte Dehnstufe). H - . H . - ( ), - (*l, *r, *m, *n) (*, *, *, *), .. *st-tos > -(-). -

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    [ ]

    (K = , E = , M =

    , E = , E = E):K E M E EE-- -- -- - -

    T ( -) ( ) ( -). M .

    .

    H - ( ).

    K E M E EE

    (< *) (< *-)

    T , (, ) . , . , :

    K E M

    (1) i , < *(2) u < *sre < *sroos < *luk-snos

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    [ ]

    K E M E. EE.(3) r r r r r

    , < *ker- < *k-tos(4) l l l l l (5) n n n n n < *ten- < *t-tos(6) m m m m m

    .

    K , . , , . ,

    , , . H (schwa indogermanicum). , -.

    K E M

    (1) (< *bh-)(2) , (< *dh-)(3) , (< *st-)(4) , (< *d-)

    .

    T

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    [ ]

    - .

    -.(1) K :()

    : , , -

    () : () -

    : ,

    () - -: , .(2) E :() :

    , () - -( -):,

    , .(3) M :() : ,

    () : (< *si-sgh- *segh-, .), () : -

    () -: , (< *-)() -, -: , , () : -(. ),

    - (. ).(4) E :

    () () :--, --

    () -, -, -: -, -, - :- (., ), - (., ),*-- > *- - (., ).

    .

    H , ,

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    [ ]

    , - , -

    , . - - .

    (1) H F. deSaussure, Mmoire sur le systme primitif des voyelles dans les languesindo-europennes (1878). E F. de Saussure e. e

    (coefficient sonantique), , l, r, m, n, A, O, : *dek- *dik-,*steA- *stA-. A O a, o eA, eO, .

    (2) . T Mller, -

    , E, : e+ E> ,e+ A > ,e+ O > . O F. de Saussure a o , *a .. K , - E,A O - . , *a- *A-, Saussure, *Ae-, *a- e> a A, -

    . , e, :*Ae-> *a, *Ee-> *e, *Oe-> *o. e, - : *eA-> *, *eE-> *, *eO-> *.

    (3) O , , - ,

    J. Kuryowicz . 1927, J. Kuryowicz *h2,*h3 .T *h2enti

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    [ ]

    , anti, ante, anti. T *h3est-,

    astai , . , -

    , :(1) T : *h1,*h2,*h3. (Y

    [O.Szemernyi]. [ J. Kuryowicz ]. , A. Martinet, .)

    (2) T , - .

    (3) T , . M - , , - , -

    *s. H , , , , *h1,*h2,*h3. A :

    () *h1 ( lif[?] )

    () *h2 , [x]() *h3 .(4) T *h2

    *h3.

    .

    Y (. Frisk). , - . , ,

    , , .

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    [ ]

    - .

    K *h1, *h2 *h3 *e *i, *u, *, *, *, *, :

    (1) *h1e> *, .. *h1esti> *h2e> *, .. *h2enti> *h3e> *, .. *h3ek-se-> .(2) *eh1> *, .. *dheh1-> *eh2> *, .. *steh2-> *eh3> *, .. *deh3-> .

    (3) *i, *u, *, *, *, *+ *H (*h1, *h2, *h3) > *, *, *, *, * , *..:

    *opi-h3k-eh2> * *th2-tos> * *-h1gr-etos> . :(1) H . E

    ( ). T :

    () -, -, - -,-,-,-,

    () -, - + , .. , .

    - .

    -, - - :() - *h1, .. *h1regos

    > . . rajas ( erek, - ).

    () - *h2, .. *h2nr> . . n.

    () - *h3, .. *h3bhrus> . . bhru.

    - , , , snara- < .

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    [ ]

    su- + nara- (. . ), u-

    () nara- < *h2nr.(2) H -. :

    () . R ( R = *r, *l, *m, *n) *h1,. *gh1tos> - , . (g)ntus,

    () . R *h2, . *th2tos> ,. ltus,

    () . R *h3, . *sth2tos> -,. strtus.

    (3) T , , .H - - - . A . O F. de Saussure, ,

    e ( )( ) e ( ) ( ):

    K M K M eu u ei i e .

    , , e + A O () + ( ): *dheA-*dhA-( Mller *dheE- *dhE-), *steA- *stA-, *deO- *dO-.

    (4) M , .. *oidth2e >

    . -: (*th2> th) a (*h2e > a).

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    [ ]

    , , , , *h1,*h2*h3: *dhh1tos

    > , *sth2tos> , *dh3tos> , , , , , *eh1,*eh2*eh3: *dheh1-, *steh2-, *deh3-.H

    - . M - .

    H - - : T *a *h2e, ; O H. Frisk Griechisches etymologisches Wrterbuch : H . H . , . ago, . ajati.

    , *h2eg-. O R. S. P. Beekes , *h2eg-, .

    .

    T -

    :

    () p () t () k () b () d () g () ph() th() kh() m () n ()

    l () r () s () [h ()]

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    [ ]

    .

    ,

    (, ,) (, ,). H - , - , .. , , , . H - , .. : = : [h].

    O , , () , , (). -

    tenues aspirata .

    .. T

    T . :(1) *p, .. *serp > . .(2) *k, .. *koin > . (. ).H -

    . T -

    , .. > .poena.

    ..T

    T . :(1) *t, .. *trem > . , *trees > .

    .(2) *k, .. *kis > . (. ). , -

    . . , - -, . - ,.. Evukrtidasa = E, , , t .A . , , - , .. . station > sean.

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    [ ]

    .. T

    T . :

    (1) *, .. *de > . .(2) *k, .. *kreh2s > ..(3) *k, .. *lukos > . (. ).H

    . - . H - - , . A

    , -. () , .. . , - 90. A, Q.

    E - .

    . H , , - Schwyzer, 350 .X., .. . , < .

    ,.

    , , - . A -

    , [ntonos]. A > d( ) >d( ), , , -, , 2 .X.

    .

    H , , ( - , , , ,

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    [ ]

    ) - , , .E

    (), , , , ,. E . H Kretschmer Sturtevant , , -, bh, dh,gh . H , , b, d,g bh, dh,gh , .. Diyamedasa ( *Dhiyamedhasa ) = .

    O

    ( , .., ). , . 19 , . O media, ., .

    , , - , - , , , , -, .. = , = (. . ).

    , , [v],[], [] . H -

    . , -, , , 4 .X.

    .. T

    T . :(1) *b, .. *loib > ..(2) *g, .. *g- > . (. ).T [b] :

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    [ ]

    (1) H - , .. *belo- >

    ., . dbilis, . balam.(2) H , ..> . basilicus.

    (3) H , .. * >-

    , * > , . . b

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    [ ]

    ['enro] < . ['endro] < . [dndron].

    .. T

    T . :(1) *d, .. *domos > . .(2) *g, .. *gelbhus > . (. -

    ).T [d] :(1) H

    , .. *domos >. , . domus, . dama.(2) H , ..

    > . drepanum .(3) H

    , .. * > .

    . M - = , = . E-

    ziumie =-, . E , -, . T .

    H [d] , .. . ['andras] < . . [ndra]. H []

    , .. . [an'rapoo] < . . [andrpodon].

    .. T

    T . :(1) *, .. *enos > . .(2) *g, .. *ugom > . .(3) *g *u, .. *su-gis > . (. -

    ).T [g] :(1) H

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    [ ]

    , .. *en-os > ., . genus, *ugom > . , . jugum, .

    jugam.(2) H , .. >.gyrus .

    T . [] [a], [o] [u] [j] [i] [e]. A = = -. - , .. Mh, M, M - . O -

    . . = (5 .X.) . = (318 .X.). , , ,, . E , .. =

    , = (2 .X.). - .

    H [g] , .. . ['agelos] < . [gelos]. H [] , .. . ['eamos] < . . [gamos].

    .

    T

    (*bh

    , *dh

    , *gh

    , *h

    ) ,..(1) *bh> . ,.. *nebhos > . (2) *dh> . ,.. *h2erudhros > . (3) *h> .,.. *ohos > . (4) *gh> .,.. *h3mighla > . (5) *gh> . ,, (. ).

    *s, .. *sbhg- > . , *shid-o > [shid-] > .T,

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    [ ]

    *h2, ,

    , .. *oid-th2e > *oidth

    a > . ,, .E, , . T :

    (1) O .() O .

    A . O , , :

    , . K : , . -, .

    () .T . T ,

    , , - : , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , .

    (2) H ,,.() H ta, te. , .

    .

    () H ,, ,, M

    [ph], [th] [kh], .. h- = , h = . , ,, .. = , = K-.

    () H , , /f/, . - . f,

    .() H . ( ,) P ( T,C) 3 1 .X.,

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    [ ]

    F - (ampulla < *ampori-ia < *ampora < ), .

    F . .A, . Fabius . , f (. . filmphilam , ). T /f/ K, K- - Fundanius.

    (3) T Grassmann , , [ph], [th] [kh] , , .. -, , ..*[phphuka] > [pphuka]. A , , -, , .. .

    (4) H , , , , , , [ph], [th] [kh], , ,

    + h > [ph], [th], [kh] + , .. > ( - , ). M , .. > , >, B - .

    (5) - (.. , ), ,,, , (.. , ,). H , , [ph], [th], [kh]. A , ,, , , ,, .

    (6)

    , .. + = , + = . T ,.. = (5 .X.). ,

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    [ ]

    , ,, , ,,

    , .. , h . , , , -, , .. , .

    (7) T, , , . + , ,+ , .. , O K 354-355:

    K | T , ,, , ,+ . , , + , .

    , , - . T :

    (1) E . , - /p/ + /h/ + /t/ + /h/.

    (2) H , .. ,. , , /t/ + /h/ + /r/ /p/ + /h/ +

    /l/ .

    H - , , ..

    pkvili , titkmis ..

    . 2 - .X. O E (2 .X.) -

    , , (= ). O - B (2 - .X.) (, ,,, , ). A

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    [ ]

    , 2 .X. , , .

    H , , (1 .X.), Dafne= lasfe=

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    [ ]

    .

    , , (*,

    *h, *, *h) (*k, *kh, *g, *gh), , ( ): *k,*kh, *g, *gh. centum, , , . H . - *. T (*k, *kh) (*g, *gh),

    (*k

    , *g

    ) (*kh

    , *gh

    ). , -. *k *sek- > -

    *k + * *ekos > .

    q, .. re-qo-me-no (*leikomenoi=),su-qo-ta-o (*sugotaon= ). -

    . - .

    H . , , :

    () u, .. *g

    ou-k

    olos> . qo-u-ko-ro(.) *ambhi-kolos> . a-pi-qo-ro(. ),.*aig-kolos> *su-gis > *gios>*h1lghus> *h1lghros > ( , ). H - [u] [].E, *gona> *guna ( o u ) > , - *gona > *gana ( o a ) >.

    () ,

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    [ ]

    , ( *) *k, *kh

    *gh

    ,-- (. ,--) *g

    , ..:*ok-o-> *ok-se-> ,*h1lgho- > ,*nig > *nig-to-> -,*g- > * > *gi-> -. *k, *g *gh-

    [e] , , *k- [i]. H : *ke> *kie> *ke> *ke> *te> *te.H - , [e] , .. *ketor-> , *kel-> , *gelbhus>, *ghen-> *ghon-os> , *ghermos> ,*kis> , . . quis. , - [e], , ... . , . . -

    , . B. - ( ) [e]

    - , .. * < *ek- , * < *sek-- .

    *k, *g *gh [a], [o] , ( . . aqua > . apa, . lingua > . limba), ..*koin > , *g- > , *oghis > , *penktos > -

    .H -

    . 2 - .X. . E .

    H -

    , , , .. *koin> *kim> , *kel-> *kol-> .

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    [ ]

    .

    T *s :

    (1) , , .. *sth2tos>. , *skel- > .

    (2) :() -

    , .. * h1esti> . , *desiteros> . .

    ()

    , .. *dik-skos> ,. , *dens-pot- > .() , .. *kors > .,.

    ( ).(3) , .. *domos> ,*seks > . *s h,..

    *sept > . *s h , .. *genesos > *h > . > -, , .. *orsm > ,

    . , *plo-smos > , . , *luk-snos >.O - :(1) , .. ,(2) , .. ,(3) , .. *te > ,

    *k-ameron > , , *tes > .T -- :(1) *ti > *si, .. *g-tis>, *seh-onti> . H

    , , .(2) -- -

    , ..>, > .(3) , .. .(4) , ... A, -

    , - . H [s] []. H . [s]

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    [ ]

    /s/ // . [s].

    5 .X. , 445 .X., - = . , *serp> ..

    (2) *, .. *k> . .(3) , *, .. *ek-> .

    .(4) u-, ..

    *ud- > (. . unda, . udaka).(5) , .. , ( .

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    [ ]

    (2) *> , .. *d- > ., .-.

    H * . A - * , .. ., . = . , . -- = . qe-to-ro- = . -.

    T * , - , .. *tkos > , *k> . * * *, .. *eks-t- > *- > ,

    , .. .( . ).O

    .T . -

    . H [h]. -, ,

    (), .. .H , .. rhetor, Pyrrhus. A - h = K. A , h

    , .. . h[] = hetor=. H , , . , -

    , - , ,.H Prhygia, Crhysippus *- [ttrhippos] > [ttrhippos]( , - ) > - [tthrhippos] ( ).

    T *sr- *r-, .. *sro >

    , *rtr >.H *sr- > *hr- -, . *s- > *h- , *-> *h- -

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    [ ]

    *-> *h- , .. *esperos> - *oikos> . -

    .T . , . H , - , .., , - , .., , ..-. . -, . T .

    T . :(1) *l, .. *leos >.(2) *> , .. *pth2us- > . ,

    * . A * - , .. .= ..

    T * * .

    . - . A, , - () , .. >, >.

    T , , . T , , r.

    .

    T . :(1) *m, .. *mtr >.(2) *> , .. *ont- > .H [m] -

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    [ ]

    A, .

    T . :(1) *n, .. *neos > .(2) *m, .. *tom > , *sem> * > .(3) *m> , .. *g- > *bam- > *ban- >-

    .(4) *> , .. *-udros > .(5) > , .. *- >,

    *- (< *sem-) > * > .

    O A , , [n].

    - , .. , -

    (= ). H , .. , , [ (= ).

    -

    []. E , ,.. , , , .. , .T .

    .

    T . :(1) *s *d.H -

    , .. *osdo- > , , .. < *-, Z, *ped-os > ,

    *od- > , . -.() *g + *, .. * > , . ,

    *nig- > .() *- , .. *ugom > . -

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    [ ]

    . - , +

    *, .. *Hugom> .T *d-, *g- * [dz]. E , . [zd] [dz] :

    (1) . - , .

    (2) ().

    -

    .. *medh > meda>meda.T . O [dz] , [ts] /z/. A, [zd] [st] [z] - /s/ /d/.

    A , [zd] :

    (1) [dd] ([zd] > [dd]). H

    , , (6-5 .X.), .. (), . , ().

    (2) [zz] ([zd] > [zz]) [z]. H - . A - , .. (A

    4 .X.), Z ( 3 .X.), ( 2 .X.) . A 4 .X. z, -

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    [ ]

    , .. = . Zara(n)ka.E [dz] -

    X K, -,, [dz]. E . , [z] . H 4 .X.

    .

    T [ks] [ps]. H , , - . , .. -= , = . , - .

    .

    - . H , .. , -, . . , .. . . A

    6 - .X. H - .

    I - ( , , ), - , .. , , , ,, ,-

    ,,.E, - , .. , , .

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    [ ]

    , , .. (,,, ) -

    , .. , .E , , , -, .

    (1) (, , )-, -, - , ,

    , , , .. ,-.(2) (,,, )T ,,, ,

    .. *- > , *- > , *- > ,*- > , *- > . .

    (3) H /

    , .. . . . T - B . K

    < *- -, ..-, K, , , .. . , .

    . , , , . H .. , -

    , .A , -

    , , [ss] [tt] . [s] [t]. E . [ss], .. , , , -

    , . , ...H

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    [ ]

    , .. *- >, ., *- >,*- > , *- > . T -

    * *m, .. *g

    - > *bam- >*ban- >, *kom-os> *kon-os >.H * * , -

    . [] , , ..: *- *- *- *-.

    . T * , ..

    *-> , *-> , . . alius. . -

    , (..jo o) -. ,

    ja,je,jo,ju.

    - , , , , /i/ .

    . []

    T * :(1) , .. *oikos> ., -

    . . , *ikti> ., . . -

    . *- , ..*esperos> , *ek-> .. *-, , - .

    (2) , .. *rtr > ,.> .. - h-, .. *rtr >.

    (3) , .. *neos > .

    . , *aiesi > . . .H -

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    [ ]

    .(4)

    , .. ., ., ., ., . . , ., . , ., . ., .

    , ., ., .. [] -

    Y (waw), - . H , . O H

    , , .. , ..

    A - []. T =(< *erg-), (H.), . . vtis, O ( B). A [] [v].

    T , , ... h, , . , B.. T .

    T , : wa, we, wi, wo, , (, K, P). (-, B, K ..), ,

    . [v] , ..>,>..

    - . , , , :

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