Investigation of Perovskite Oxide SrCo0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3-δ as a …€¦ · Investigation of...

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Investigation of Perovskite Oxide SrCo 0.8 Cu 0.1 Nb 0.1 O 3-δ as a Cathode Material for Room Temperature Direct Ammonia Fuel Cells Peimiao Zou [email protected] Supervised by - Professor Shanwen Tao School of Engineering, University of Warwick

Transcript of Investigation of Perovskite Oxide SrCo0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3-δ as a …€¦ · Investigation of...

Page 1: Investigation of Perovskite Oxide SrCo0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3-δ as a …€¦ · Investigation of Perovskite Oxide SrCo 0.8 Cu 0.1 Nb 0.1 O 3-δ as a Cathode Material for Room Temperature

Investigation of Perovskite Oxide SrCo0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3-δ as a Cathode Material for

Room Temperature Direct Ammonia Fuel Cells

Peimiao Zou [email protected] by - Professor Shanwen Tao

School of Engineering, University of Warwick

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Sources: R. K. Graupner “Guanidine – Safe, Clean, and Flexible”

http://www.energy.iastate.edu/Renewable/ammonia/ammonia/2006/OregonSustainableEnergy.pdf

Compounds Density (g cm-3)

Gravimetric H2 density (% H2)

Volumetric H2 density (kg H2 l-1)

Energy density (MJ l-1)

Gaseous H2 0.00008988 100 0.00008988 0.01079 Compressed H2

(700bar) 0.039 100 0.039 5.6

Liquid H2 0.071 100 0.071 10.1 NH4OH (28%) 0.89 2.4 0.021 1.17

Liquid NH3 0.747 17.6 0.13 12.6 CO(NH2)2 1.335 10.07* 0.134 16.9

* Effective density including hydrogen from water molecules for hydrolysis.

NH3 is carbon-free

Comparison of energy density of different chemicalsComparison of energy density of different chemicals

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Diagram of ‘Ammonia Economy’

Haber -Bosch process

Natural gas

Coal

Nuclear

Wind

Solar

WaveBiomass

CO 2 - free e lectricity

ArtificialPhotosynthesis

CO 2 scrubbing

Storage Delivery

Urea

Ammo niafuel cell

Ureafuel cell

Ammonia

Transportation

Nuclear H 2

)g(NH2)g(H3)g(N322

→+ )(3)(46)(2 2322 gOgNHOHgN +→+

BiosynthesisArtificialPhotosynthesis

Rong Lan, John T.S. Irvine, Shanwen Tao*, Inter. J. Hydrogen Energy, 37 (2012) 1482-1494.

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Ammonia in Wastewater

Source: http://wastewater-compliance-systems.com/aquaculture/http://wastewater-compliance-systems.com/aquaculture/

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Ammonia in Wastewater

Source: https://www.slideshare.net/laxer_12/ammonia-wastewater-treatment-wastewater-treatment-plant-wwtp-centrate-landfill-leachate

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Reaction mechanism of ammonia fuel cellsbased on alkaline exchange membrane electrolyte

Rong Lan and Shanwen Tao, Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 13 (2010) B83-B86.

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Hierarchical nickel-copper hydroxide nanowires

Wei Xu, Shanwen Tao, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 218 (2017) 470-479.

Anode - ammonia oxidation reaction

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Anode - ammonia oxidation reaction

Electrodeposition of NiCu bimetal

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Effects of pH value on electrochemical oxidation of ammonia

Wei Xu, Shanwen Tao, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 237 (2018) 1101-1109.

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Cathode-oxygen reduction reaction

Raw materials:

C4H4NNbO9·xH2O

Sr(NO3)2

Co(NO3)2 · 6H2O

Cu(NO3)2 · 2.5H2O

Cubic structure

a = 3.8806(7) Å

XRD pattern of new perovskite oxide SrCo0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3-δ

Peimiao Zou, Shanwen Tao, ChemSusChem, 12 (2019) 2788-2794.

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Fuel cell test

Cathode-SrCo0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3−δ /C (loading

at 18 mg/cm2)

Fumapem FAA anion exchange membrane

Anode-NiCu/C (NiCu loading at 1.2 mg/cm2)

Fuel- NH3H2O with/without 1 M NaOH

Active area- 1 cm2

Ammonia solution

Compressed air

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Performance of room temperature ammonia fuel cells

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.00.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

Volta

ge (V

)

Current density (mA/cm2)

0.02 M NH3H2O 0.1 M NH3H2O 0.2 M NH3H2O 0.6 M NH3H2O 1 M NH3H2O 3 M NH3H2O 5 M NH3H2O 35% NH3H2O

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

Pow

er d

ensi

ty (m

W/c

m2 )

0 1 2 3 4 5 60.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Volta

ge (V

)Current density (mA/cm2)

0.02 M NH3H2O 0.1 M NH3H2O 0.2 M NH3H2O 0.6 M NH3H2O 1 M NH3H2O 3 M NH3H2O 5 M NH3H2O 35% NH3H2O

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30

Pow

er d

ensi

ty (m

W/c

m2 )

Fuel-ammonia Fuel-ammonia+1 M NaOH

Wastewater 1000 ppm (i.e., 0.06 M)OCV 0.19 V

Current density 0.08 mA/cm2 Current density 1 mA/cm210 times

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The SrCo0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3-δ/C cathode before and after the fuel cell measurements

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Inte

nsity

(a.u

.)

2 theta (Degree)

SrCo0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3-δ electrode

SrNb0.2Co0.8O3

Reference code: 04-018-6753

(a)

20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

SrNb0.2Co0.8O3

Reference code: 04-018-6753

PTFEReference code: 00-047-2217

Inte

nsity

(a.u

.)

2 theta (Degree)

SrCo0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3-δ electrode after test Carbon cloth

(b)

Before test After test

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SEM/EDS analysis of the SrCo0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3-δ/C cathode before and after the fuel cell measurement

Before test After test

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After testBefore test

For comparison-- Perovskite oxide SrFe0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3-δas cathode catalyst for a room temperature direct ammonia fuel cell

Peimiao Zou, Shanwen Tao, Inter. J. Hydrogen Energy, 44 (2019) 26554-26564.

Fuel-ammonia Fuel-ammonia+1 M NaOH

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For comparison-- Perovskite oxide SrFe0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3-δas cathode catalyst for a room temperature direct ammonia fuel cell

Peimiao Zou, Shanwen Tao, Inter. J. Hydrogen Energy, 44 (2019) 26554-26564.

0 1 2 3 4 5 60.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Volta

ge (V

)

Current density (mA/cm2)

0.02 M NH3H2O 0.1 M NH3H2O 0.2 M NH3H2O 0.6 M NH3H2O 1 M NH3H2O 3 M NH3H2O 5 M NH3H2O 35% NH3H2O

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

0.25

0.30Po

wer

den

sity

(mW

/cm

2 )

SrFe0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3-δSrCo0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3-δ

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Conclusion

Open circuit voltage and power density of fuel cells were improved by adding 1 M NaOH

New shuttle shaped perovskite oxide

SrCo0.8Cu0.1Nb0.1O3-δ

Potential cathode for a room temperature direct ammonia fuel

cells

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Thank you for your attention !