Impedance Cardiography (ICG) - Uni Ulm Aktuelles ... 5 Impedance Cariography | 23.10.2015 What is...

Impedance Cardiography (ICG)

Bayer, Katrin & Henne, Corinna | 23.10.2015

Impedance Cariography | 23.10.2015 Seite 2

What is impedance cardiography?

“Impedance cardiography is an important noninvasive

method for obtaining comprehensive information

concerning cardiac function.”

(Berntson, Quigley & Lozano, 2007, S. 200)

Thema │ Corinna Henne │ Datum Impedance Cardiography │ 23.10.2015


Content

Impedance Cardiography │ 23.10.2015



“Impedance cardiography is an important noninvasive method for

obtaining comprehensive information concerning cardiac function.”

(Berntson, Quigley & Lozano, 2007, S. 200)

impedance cardio graphy




1) impedance

• lat. impedire = “to impede”, “to hinder“

• Impedance = electrical resistance in ohm Ω

• Synonym: thoracic electrical bioimpedance

(Siedlecka, Siedlecki & Bortkiewicz, 2015)




2) cardio (Berntson et al., 2007)

• cardiovascular system

= heart & blood vessels

• Lighter grey

= oxygenated blood

• Darker grey

= deoxygenated blood

Thema │ Corinna Henne │ Datum

(out of Berntson et al., 2007)




Impedance Cardiography │ Katrin Bayer & Corinna Henne │ 23.10.2015

pulmonary circulation

(into the lungs)

(modified, out of Berntson et

al., 2007)




systemic circulation

(into the body)



al., 2007)




The heart (Berntson et al., 2007)

special cardiac

muscle with

conducting fibers



al., 2007)




cardiac cycle (Berntson et al., 2007)

• diastole: no pumping,

ventricles are filling with

blood

• systole: blood is pumped

from the ventricles into the

circulations



al., 2007)



3) graphy lat. graphia = “recording”



Impedance cardiography: measurement (Siedlecka, Siedlecki & Bortkiewicz,

2015)

• Electrodes are placed on the body

• Number and position depend on the measurement device

• Electricity is directed through the electrodes

• Blood = good conductor • Depending on the amount of

blood, different impedance will be measured: More blood (increased volume) decreased impedance

• First derivative dZ/dt (Ω/s):

degree of impedance variation



Impedance cardiography: output


characteristic

point

meaning

Q onset of the electromechanical systole

B opening of the aortic valve

= onset of the left-ventricular ejection

C maximal velocity of the ejection

X closure of the aortic valve

= completion of left-ventricular

ejection

Y closure of the pulmonic valve

O opening of mitral valve diastole

Cybulski (2011), Sherwood et al. (1990)



Parameters can be assessed using ICG (/ ECG) (Siedlecka, Siedlecki &

Bortkiewicz, 2015)

• cardiac output (CO)

• cardiac index (CI)

• stroke volume (SV)

• stroke index (SI)

• thoracic fluid content (TFC)

• systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

• systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI)

• velocity index (VI)

• acceleration index (ACI)

• left ventricular ejection time (LVET)

• pre-ejection period (PEP)

• systolic times ratio (STR)


Why to use ICG in psychological research?

General reasons:

• Integration of biological and psychological levels of analysis (Blascovich, 2008)

• Studying the organismic translator (Ax, 1964)

• validated physiological response patterns associated with

psychological constructs and processes in addition to more

general self-report and behavioral indexes (Blascovich, 2000)

• To provide an objective measure of psychological states

independent of overt behavior (Ax, 1964), outside of their conscious

control (Blascovich, 2000; Balscovich & Mendes, 2010)


Why to use ICG in psychological research?

General reasons:

• Identify physiological measures for psychological elements (Fairclough, 2008)

• One-to-one

• Many-to-one

• One-to-many

• Many-to-many

• To increase the specificity of psychophysiological inference: from

many-to-one relationship to one-to-one relationship independent

from the testing field (Fairclough, 2008)

• Distinguish objectively and accurately different psychological

states


The Biopsychosocial Model of Challenge and Threat

• Developed by Blascovich

• Combines biological, psychological and social psychological levels of

analysis to explain motivational processes within human performance contexts (Blascovich, 2008)

• Cardiovascular Indexes were developed to identify task engagement and to distinguish challenge and threat (Blascovich, Mendes, Tomaka, Salomon &

Seery, 2003)


The Biopsychosocial Model of Challenge and Threat

The biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat

(out of Seery, 2013)


Parameters can be assessed using ICG (/ ECG) (Siedlecka, Siedlecki &

Bortkiewicz, 2015)

• cardiac output (CO)

• cardiac index (CI)

• stroke volume (SV)

• stroke index (SI)

• thoracic fluid content (TFC)

• systemic vascular resistance (SVR)

• systemic vascular resistance index (SVRI)

• velocity index (VI)

• acceleration index (ACI)

• left ventricular ejection time (LVET)

• pre-ejection period (PEP)

• systolic times ratio (STR)

In combination with continuous blood pressure

measurement (Seery, 2013): Total peripheral resistance (TPR)

The biopsychosocial model of challenge and threat (out of

Seery, 2013)


Relevant parameters and their physiological meaning

Physiological

term

Physiological meaning

Heart Rate (HR) Heartbeats / minute

Stroke Volume (SV) Amount of Blood / heartbeat

Cardiac Output (CO) Amount of blood/ minute

Pre-ejection period

(PEP)

Time between first stimulation and

opening of aorta

Total peripheral

resistance

the total resistance of flow of blood in

the systemic circuit

Psychological

meaning

“Path”

Berntson et al. (2007), Peifer (2012), Seery (2013)


What to think about – Two important points

1. There is no “correct” interpretation of cardiovascular parameters 2. Need of context control (especially in field studies) (Wilhelm & Grossman, 2010;

Wilhelm & Perrez, 2013)

• Physical movement (accelerometer)

• Age, gender, BMI (Siedlecka, Siedlecki & Bortkiewicz, 2015)

• …..

ICG in addition, but not without self-report / behavior data (Wilhelm & Grossman, 2010; Wilhelm & Perrez, 2013)


Conclusion

• non-invasive, continuous, implicit and online measurement (Blascovich &

Mendes, 2010)

• allows collecting information about cardiovascular system (Berntson

et al., 2007)

• is useful for investigating and identifying cardiovascular patterns corresponding with psychological constructs (Blascovich, 2000)

• in addition to traditional data collection (Blascovich, 2000)

• extensive design because of the need to control context variables (Wilhelm & Grossman, 2010; Wilhelm & Perrez, 2013)

• amount of data to score & match and complex analysis (Trull & Ebner-

Priemer, 2013).

Knowing the amount of work, physiological indexes, measured by ICG, provide a broader insight into the underpinnings of psychological constructs!


Literature

Ax, A. F. (1964). Goals and methods of psychophysiology. Psychophysiology, 1, 8-25.

Berntson, G. G., Quigley, K. S., & Lozano, D. (2007). Cardiovascular psychophysiology. In J. T. Cacioppo, L.

G. Tassinary & G. G. Berntson (Eds.) Handbook of psychophysiology, (3rd ed., pp. 182-210).

Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Blascovich, J. (2000). Using physiological indexes of psychological processes in social psychological

research. In H. T. Reis & M. J. Charles (Eds.) Handbook of research methods in social and personality

psychology (pp. 117-137).

Blascovich, J. (2008). Challenge and threat. In A. J. Elliot (Ed.), Handbook of approach and avoidance

motivation (pp. 431-445). New York: Psychology Press.

Blascovich, J., & Mendes, W. B. (2010). Social psychophysiology and embodiment. In S. T. Fiske, D. T.

Gilbert & G. Lindzey (Eds.), Handbook of social psychology, 5 (pp. 194-227). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley

& Sons.

Blascovich, J., Mendes, W. B., Tomaka, J., Salomon, K., & Seery, M. (2003). The robust nature of the

biopsychosocial model challenge and threat: A reply to Wright and Kirby. Personality and Social

Psychology Review, 7, 234-243.

Cybulski, G. (2011). Ambulatory Impedance Cardiography. Berlin Heidelberg: Springer.

Fairclough, S. H. (2008). Fundamentals of physiological computing. Interacting with computers, 21(1), 133-

145.


Literature

Peifer, C. (2012). Psychophysiological correlates of flow-experience. In S. Engeser (Ed.), Advances in Flow

Research (pp. 139-164). New York: Springer.

Seery, M. D. (2013). The Biopsychosocial Model of Challenge and Threat: Using the Heart to Measure the

Mind. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7, 637-653.

Sherwood, A., Allen, M. T., Fahrenberg, J., Kelsey, R. M., Lovallo, W. R., & van Doornen, J. P. (1990).

Methodological guidelines for impedance cardiography. Psychophysiology, 27, 1-23.

Siedlecka, J., Siedlecki, P., & Bortkiewicz, A. (2015). Impedance cardiography – Old method, new

opportunities. Part I. Clinical applications. International journal of occupational medicine and

environmental health, 28, 27-33.

Trull, T. J., & Ebner-Priemer, U. (2013). Ambulatory assessment. Annual review of clinical psychology, 9,

151.

Wilhelm, F. H., & Grossman, P. (2010). Emotions beyond the laboratory: Theoretical fundaments, study

design, and analytic strategies for advanced ambulatory assessment. Biological psychology, 84, 552-

569.

Wilhelm, P., & Perrez, M. (2013). A history of research conducted in daily life (Scientific

Report Nr. 170). Fribourg, Switzerland: Department of Psychology, University of

Fribourg, Switzerland.


Pictures

http://www.google.de/imgres?imgurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vu-

ams.nl%2Ftypo3temp%2Fpics%2F8662285212.png&imgrefurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.v

u-ams.nl%2Fsupport%2Ftutorials%2Fsoftware%2Fpower-spectral-

analysis%2F&h=320&w=600&tbnid=64LDQs6w2ro9yM%3A&docid=FOI3d-

frodNkrM&itg=1&ei=B2YmVt25HIHSyAOf47YQ&tbm=isch&iact=rc&uact=3&dur=797&pa

ge=1&start=0&ndsp=37&ved=0CIwBEK0DMCNqFQoTCJ3Z3dK20cgCFQEpcgodn7ENA

g

http://cdn.iopscience.com/images/0967-3334/35/6/1181/Full/pm494787f2_online.jpg

http://www.bsiproductdevelopment.com/wp-content/gallery/impedance-

cardiograph/general2_20090514094222.jpg

https://looneytunes09.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/think-about-it.gif

http://giteshtrivedi.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/hands-on.png


1. Preparing the VU-AMS device

• Put the flash card bottom up in the VU-AMS • Place two completely charged AA batteries in the battery holder • Successful placement is signaled by a triple beep tone

• The VU-AMS is now on standby -> the green light will flash twice

every ten seconds • The VU-AMS is ready, but not recording


2. Attachment of the ECG/ICG electrodes

Clean the skin (with alcohol) at the 7 positions indicated in the figure


2. Attachment of the ECG/ICG electrodes

Measure

it!


3. Configuring the Vu-AMS device for recording

Connect electrodes, device and PC: 3.1 Clock synchronizing (set device time to computer time) 3.2 Check battery voltage 3.3 Set parameter



3.4 Set channels 3.5 Set warnings



3.6 Set Start and Stop Options



3.7 Signal quality control via Online Graph

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