IGCSE Physics - Login
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Name: ______________________________ Social: ____________________ Physics Don: ________________ IGCSE Physics Double Award Worksheets To solve problems : Diagram - neat & labelled Equation(s) - relevant to problem Theory - bullet points, fact not waffle Calculating values : Equation - correct symbols or words Sum - check prefixes Answer - check significant figures Unit Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Science (Double Award) (4SD0)
Transcript of IGCSE Physics - Login
Name: ______________________________
Social: ____________________
Physics Don: ________________
IGCSE Physics Double Award Worksheets
To solve problems :
Diagram - neat & labelled
Equation(s) - relevant to problem
Theory - bullet points, fact not waffle
Calculating values :
Equation - correct symbols or words
Sum - check prefixes
Answer - check significant figures
Unit
Pearson Edexcel International GCSE in Science (Double Award) (4SD0)
IGCSE Physics Formulae Sheet Double
Equations Symbol
Forces and Motion
velocity= distance
time v =
d
t
Acceleration Change in velocity
time taken
t
v a
(final speed)2= (initial speed)2+(2 x acceleration x distance) v2= u2+ 2as
Resultant Force = mass x acceleration F = ma
Weight = mass x gravitational field strength W = mg
Moment = Force x perpendicular distance from pivot M = Fd
orbital speed= 2π x orbital radius
time period v=
2πr
T
Electricity
Charge = Current x time Q = It
Voltage or potential difference Energy transferred
Charge V=
W
Q
Voltage = Current x Resistance V = IR
Power = Voltage x Current P = VI
Waves
Refractive Index sin (angle incidence)
sin (angle refraction)or
sin (big angle)
sin (small angle)
rsin
isin n
Refractive Index 1
sin (Critical angle)
C sin
1 n
frequency = 1
Time Period
f
1T
Wave speed = frequency x wavelength v = f
Energy Resources and Energy Transfer
Efficiency (%) Useful Energy Out
Total Energy In x 100%
Work Done = Force x distance moved in direction of Force W = Fd
Kinetic Energy =½ x mass x (velocity)2 KE = ½mv2
Gravitational Potential Energy gained or lost = mass x gravitational field strength x vertical height (m)
GPE = mgh
Power Work Done
time P=
W
t
Solids, Liquids and Gases
Pressure Force
Area p=
F
A
Density mass
Volume
V
m
pressure difference = density x gravitational field strength x height p = ρgh
Initial pressure x initial volume = Final pressure x final volume p1V1 = p2V2
initial pressure
initial temperature=
final pressure
final temperature
p1
T1=
p2
T2
Prefix 10x Number Prefix 10x Number T Tera 1012 1,000,000,000,000 m milli 10-3 0.001 G Giga 109 1,000,000,000 micro 10-6 0.000001 M Mega 106 1, 000, 000 n nano 10-9 0.000000001 k kilo 103 1, 000
You need to know the following units:
Quantity Symbol in Eqn
Unit Quantity Symbol in Eqn
Unit
Mass m kg Charge Q C Displacement s m Resistance R Ω Extension x m Power P W Speed/ velocity
v m/s Frequency f Hz
Acceleration a m/s2 Temperature T °C Force F N Temperature T K Time t s Density ρ kg/m3 Energy/work W J Pressure P Pa Current I A Radioactive Activity A Bq Voltage/p.d V V
Waves Revision Worksheets ( Double Award)
Waves 1
Waves 2
Plug & Chug
Put the following frequencies in order of size , from the highest to lowest frequency.
90 MHz 900 kHz 9 000 000 Hz 9 x10 4 Hz 9 x 10 2 MHz
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Remember ESAU for each calculation! Speed of light in a vacuum (or air) = 3.0 x 10 8 m/s
1. A tsunami wave (in deep water) travels at 220 m/s. Its wavelength is 50km. What is the frequency?
2. A sound wave (Middle C) has a frequency of 220 Hz and 150 cm. What is the wave’s speed?
3. Radio 1 transmits at a frequency of 98.2 MHz. What is the wavelength?
4. The Radio 1 frequency is 98.2 MHz. What is the time period for the wave?
5. The angle of refraction for a diamond is 16°. What is the angle of incidence? The refractive index for diamond is 2.4.
6. What is the critical angle for the diamond in Question 6?
Waves 3
Properties of Waves
1. Draw a diagram of a transverse and longitudinal wave, showing the energy direction and the motion of a vibrating particle. Give an example of each.
2. What do transverse and longitudinal waves have in common?
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3. State the difference between a transverse and longitudinal wave
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4. Define the following:
a. Amplitude
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b. Wavefront
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c. Frequency
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d. Wavelength
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e. (Time) Period
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Waves 4
5. The diagram below shows the wavefronts for a stationary source. a. Draw the wavefronts for the same source moving towards an observer. b. What differences would be observed by the observer due to the moving source
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Waves 5
Electromagnetic Spectrum
1. Complete the following gaps in the table
Type Radio Visible R______V
Wavelength Long
Frequency
Uses
Harm
Protective Measures
In what 3 ways are the waves in the EM Spectrum similar?
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In what 3 ways are the waves in the EM Spectrum different?
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Waves 6
Light & Sound
1. On the diagram below, an incident light wave is striking a mirror. Draw in the reflected wave (by eye) and write in the angle of reflection. Do not forget to draw and label the normal.
2. On the diagrams below, show the path of the light as it travels into and out of the glass prisms. Do not forget to draw and label the normal. Note that the Critical Angle for glass is 42°.
3. When light slows down it bends ____________________________ the normal.
Waves 7
4. Describe the experiment to determine the refractive index of a glass block.
Equipment
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Safety
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Diagram
Method
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Waves 8
5. Show the paths of light as it passes from glass to air.
6. Describe what happens to the light when it hits the boundary at the Critical Angle.
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7. State the 2 conditions needed for TIR to take place
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8. What are the advantages of using optical fibres as opposed to electrical signals to transmit information
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Waves 9
Electricity Revision Worksheets ( Double Award)
Elec 1
Elec 2
Plug & Chug
Put the following frequencies in order of size , from the highest to lowest current.
0.3 mA 0.03 A 300mA 3 x10 -3 A 0.00003 A
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Remember ESAU for each calculation!
1. 6.5 C of charge pass through a battery. The total amount of energy transferred from the battery is 9.8J. What is the potential difference of the battery?
2. All of the charge above passes a point in 16 s. What is the current?
3. Using your answers to 1 & 2, what is the resistance of the circuit?
4. Using your answers to 1 & 2, what is the power output of the circuit?
5. The device is left on for 2.0 hours. How much energy is transferred in that time?
Elec 3
Mains Electricity
1. Does insulation protect the device or user.? Explain why.
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2. a. What does ‘double insulation’ mean?
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b. Does double insulation protect the device or the user?
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c. What is the symbol for showing that a device has double insulation?
3.
a. Is the Earth wire designed to protect the device or the user?
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b. Draw a diagram showing the Earthing of a washing machine. Make sure you include the fuse, the
live and neutral wires.
c. What are both ends of the Earth wire connected to?
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d. Explain how the Earth wire functions. Include the final outcome
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Elec 4
4. a. Does the fuse protect the device or user?
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b. Explain how a fuse works.
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c. An iron is rated at 1.5 kW and plugged into the Mains (230 V). Which fuse should you use in the plug (choose from 1A, 3A, 5A, 13A)? Explain why?
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5.
a. Explain how a circuit breaker works
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b. Does it protect the device or the user?
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6.
a. Currents cause heating. The purpose of a resistor is to convert electrical energy into heat energy. How does this energy transfer take place?
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b. Name 3 devices that might use a resistor.
i. __________________________
ii. __________________________
iii. __________________________
Elec 5
7.
a. What is a current? ________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Why is conventional current in a different direction to electron flow in a wire? ________________________________________________________________________________________
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8. Explain the difference between direct current (dc) and alternating current (ac). Draw a graph of both on the axes below. Give an example of each.
a. Direct current
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b. Alternating current
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Elec 6
Energy and Voltage in circuits
9. Explain why a parallel circuit is often more appropriate than a series circuit.
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10. What disadvantage does a parallel circuit have over a series circuit?
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11. Fill in the blanks using the words below.
the same up conserved shared down
In a series circuit, the current has ______________________ value around the circuit. The voltage is
_______________.
In a parallel circuit, the current is ___________________ at a junction. The voltage is __________________ as
the battery voltage across the junction.
If the resistance of a circuit goes up, then the current will go ______________________
Elec 7
12. Fill in all the blanks in the circuits below. Assume that the cells and bulbs are identical to each other.
13. a. Draw the circuit that you would use to determine how the current varies with voltage in a fixed
resistor
Elec 8
b. Describe the experiment
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14. Complete the graphs for the following devices:
a. Which devices obey Ohm’s Law? ____________________________ b. Why does it obey Ohm’s Law?
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15. The lamp is a non-ohmic conductor. Explain what is happening inside the lamp that makes it non-ohmic.
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16. When the light is shone on the LDR, or the thermistor gets hot, the resistance ___________________.
Therefore the current will _________________________ .
Elec 9
Elec 10
Forces & Motion Revision Worksheets ( Double Award)
F & M 1
F & M 2
Plug & Chug
g = 10 N/kg Remember ESAU for each calculation!
1. David Rudisha’s 800m world record was set in London in 2012. He ran the distance in 1:40.91. What was his average speed?
2. A McLaren P1 can travel from 44.7 m/s (100 mph) to 67.1 m/s (150 mph) in 5.7 seconds. Show that the acceleration is about 4 m/s 2 .
3. Using your answer and the data in Question 2, how far does the McLaren travel in this time?
4. The McLaren P1 and driver have a mass of 1,630 kg. What is the resultant force that produces this acceleration?
5. The downforce produced by the spoilers can generate 6,000 N. How does this compare to the weight of the car?
F & M 3
Movement & Position
1. Plot a distance/ time graph for the following journey:
a. A person walks through a shopping centre at a steady pace. She covers 100m in 50s.
b. She stops outside a shop for 30s.
c. Having realised that she might miss the bus, she covers the next 500m at 4m/s.
F & M 4
2. A Ticker timer makes a mark on a piece of tape every 0.02s. The paper is attached to the back of a toy
car. You can see the layout below:
a. Show that the frequency of the supply is 50Hz.
The tape below is to scale
b. Circle the zone where the car was accelerating
c. Justify your answer to b.
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d. By making measurements, calculate the top speed of the car.
3. A ball is being thrown into the air and then being caught. Sketch the displacement/ time graph, the
velocity time graph and the acceleration/ time graph whilst the ball is in the air. Ignore the effects of
drag.
F & M 5
4. Look at the velocity/ time graph below:
a. Describe the motion between B and C.
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b. What feature of the graph gives acceleration
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c. Calculate the acceleration between C and D
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d. Calculate the total distance travelled
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F & M 6
Forces, movement and shape
5. A Force can change an object’s __________________, ______________________ and/ or
_________________________.
6. Label the Forces acting on the following diagrams:
7. A scalar quantity has __________________________ only eg mass, temperature, time, energy. A vector
quantity has ______________________ and ______________________ eg force, velocity, acceleration.
8. Determine the resultant forces on the objects below:
_____________________________
_____________________________
F & M 7
9. A tennis ball is in the air, travelling in the direction shown. Show, with arrows, the weight and the drag
force acting on the tennis ball.
10. The graph below shows the velocity/ time for a vehicle making an emergency stop.
a. Shade in the Thinking Distance on the graph above.
b. What is the Thinking Time: ______________________________
c. Calculate the Braking Distance.
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d. Draw a second line showing the velocity/ time for a vehicle that has a greater initial velocity, the
driver is too tired and the tyres on the car are worn (less grip).
F & M 8
11. What other factors will increase the reaction time?
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12. What other factors will increase the braking distance?
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13. The picture below shows a skydiver. The skydiver is still accelerating downwards. What are you able to
state about the relative sizes of the Forces? Explain why.
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14. With respect to the Forces on a skydiver, what is the condition that is met for the skydiver to have
reached terminal velocity. Explain why.
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F & M 9
15. The graph below shows what happens to the extension of a spring when it is stretched by a varying Force.
a. Circle the region of the graph associated with Hooke’s Law.
b. Explain why you selected that region
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c. Label the elastic limit with an ‘E’.
d. What will happen to the spring if it is loaded beyond E.
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F & M 10
Energy Resources & Energy Transfers Revision Worksheets ( Double Award)
Energy 1
Energy 2
Plug & Chug
g = 10 N/kg Remember ESAU for each calculation!
1. A 60W filament light bulb results in 7W of visible light. 53W is radiated out as heat. What is the
efficiency of the light bulb?
2. For a car, 280kJ of energy is transferred into Kinetic Energy over 150m. What size Force was needed?
3. A tennis ball of mass 59g is launched vertically with 3.5J of Kinetic Energy. How high does it go?
4. The car in Question 2 has a mass of 1400kg. What is its velocity when it has 280kJ of Kinetic Energy?
5. The 60W bulb in Question 1 has been on for 3 hours. How much electrical energy is transferred into
light and heat in this time?
Energy 3
Energy Transfers
1. The types of Energy can be remembered using: Most Kids Hate Learning GCSE Energy Names. Fill in the type of Energy below:
Most Kids Hate Learning G C S E Energy Names
(thermal)
2. State the energy stores and energy transfers taking place in the following scenarios:
a. A battery causing a current to flow through a resistor
b. A car coming to a stop due to a collision
c. An arrow being pulled back on a bow and then being released
d. The fission of a uranium nucleus
3. a. State the Conservation of Energy Law.
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b. A skier starts at the top of a slope with 150kJ of GPE. At the finish she has 23.4kJ of KE. How much work was done due to friction with the snow.
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Energy 4
4. In a petrol engine, 100J of fuel results in 35J of movement. 10J is noise and the remainder is radiated out to the environment. Draw a Sankey Diagram, to scale, using the correct energy stores.
5. a. If an object is at a higher temperature than its surroundings it will ______________________
thermal energy ______________________________ the surroundings.
b. If an object is at a lower temperature than its surroundings it will _______________________
thermal energy ____________________________ the surroundings.
6. Conduction is the transfer of heat in ___________________. ____________________ are the best
conductors. Materials that do not conduct are called _______________________.
7. Convection is the transfer of heat in _______________________ and _______________________
(together known as fluids).
8. Radiation occurs when an object is __________________ than its surroundings. A good radiator has a
___________________ surface area and is painted __________________. A poor radiator has a
___________________ surface area and is painted __________________.
9. Draw a labelled diagram, explaining how a heating element at the bottom of the kettle boils water.
Energy 5
10. Draw a labelled diagram, explain how you would demonstrate the different rates of conduction in materials.
11. a. Insulation reduces the amount of heat transfer. To be effective the insulation should be a poor
________________, __________________ and ______________________.
b. Explain why trapped air is a good insulator.
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________________________________________________________________________________________ c. Explain why a vacuum is even better than trapped air as an insulator.
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12. Draw a labelled diagram, demonstrating the use of insulation in keeping a metal can warm.
Energy 6
Work and Power
13. When energy is being transferred, physicist say that ___________________ is being done.
14. Therefore Power can be described as: ___________ of transfer of energy OR the ower P = timeWork Done
rate of doing ________________
15. Show the energy changes when a bungee jumper jumps from a bridge:
Energy 7
Astrophysics Revision Worksheets ( Double Award)
Astro 1
Plug & Chug
g = 10 N/kg on Earth Remember ESAU for each calculation!
1. What is the orbital speed in km/s of the Earth? Orbital radius is 150 million km.
Motion in the universe
1. The universe is a large collection of billions of ___________________.
2. Our galaxy is called the ____________________________. It is a large collection of billions of
______________.
3. The Sun is the star at the centre of our _________________ system.
4. The gravitational field strength, g, is large for a massive object and decreases with distance from an
object. Is g on the Moon greater than, the same as or less than g on Earth? Explain why.
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5. There is a force of gravitational pull between all objects that have mass. This causes:
a. Moons to orbit ____________________.
b. _________________ and ___________________ to orbit the Sun.
c. Artificial satellites to orbit the ______________________.
6. Draw a labelled diagram showing the differences in the orbits of comets, moons and planets.
Astro 2
Stellar evolution
7. Stars can be classified according to their colour. The colour also relates to the surface temperature. Fill
in the table below:
Star Type Phase Colour Relative Surface Temperature
_____________ Dwarf (like out Sun)
Main Sequence (H→He)
Average
____________ Giant (A large star)
Main Sequence (H→He)
Blue
Red Giant Red Giant
____________ Dwarf Star Collapse
8. Complete the diagram below and add notes for the evolution of stars of similar mass to the Sun.
Astro 3
9. Complete the diagram below and add notes for the evolution of stars with mass larger than the Sun.
Astro 4
Magnetism and electromagnetism Revision Worksheets ( Double Award)
Mag 1
Magnetism
1. Name the 3 elements that have significant magnetic properties
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2. 2 Like poles _________________________, 2 unlike poles will ________________________
3. Delete the incorrect words from the following:
Iron is magnetically hard/ soft because it is hard/ easy to magnetise and hard/ easy to demagnetise. Iron
is often used to make an electromagnet/ compass.
Steel (approx 90% iron) is magnetically hard/ soft because it is hard/ easy to magnetise and hard/ easy to
demagnetise. Steel is often used to make an electromagnet/ compass.
4. What is a magnetic field line?
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5. In the following scenario:
a. What will happen to the iron bar.
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b. Will the end marked ‘A’ become a North pole or South pole? _______________________
Mag 2
6. Draw a diagram, then describe an experiment to determine the magnetic field pattern for a bar magnet.
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7. Draw below the set up needed to produce a uniform magnetic field
Electromagnetism
8. When an electric ________________________ flows in a wire, it also produces a
____________________ field around it.
9. Explain why a force is exerted on a current-carrying wire in a magnetic field.
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10. Using Fleming’s Left Hand rule, determine which way will the coils turn in the following scenarios
(clockwise or anticlockwise):
Mag 3
11. This wire is carrying a current, inside a magnetic field. Why does this wire not experience a magnetic
force?
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12. How could you make the motors in Question 10 spin faster?
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Electromagnetic Induction
13. Draw diagrams showing how voltage can be induced by:
a. A stationary coil of wire in a changing magnetic field.
b. A moving coil of wire in a changing magnetic field.
14. Why is the voltage being induced?
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15. How can the induced voltage be increased?
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Mag 4
Solids, Liquids, Gases Revision Worksheets ( Double Award)
S, L, G 1
Plug & Chug
g = 10 N/kg on Earth Remember ESAU for each calculation!
1. The Earth has a mass 6.0 x 10 24 kg and a volume of 1.1 x 10 21 m 3 . What is the average density of the
Earth?
2. An elephant has a mass of 4,000 kg. Each foot has a radius of 0.45m. What is the pressure that an
elephant exerts on the ground?
S, L, G 2
3. The Hoover Dam in the US has a maximum water depth of 180m. What is the pressure difference at the
base of the dam? Assume the density of water = 1000 kg/m 3 .
4. Convert the following:
a. 100 into Kelvin
b. 0 K into
c. -30 into Kelvin
5. A foolish child throws a pressurised deodorant can into a fire. Before being thrown onto the fire, the gas
insider the can is 3 times standard atmospheric pressure at room temperature (18 ). The temperature
of the fire is 600 . In the unlikely event that the can does not fail, what pressure will the gas reach?
Standard atmospheric pressure is 101 kPa.
6. An air bubble, volume 3.8 cm 3 , is released 5.0 m below the surface of the sea, where the pressure is 1.5
bar. What will the volume be just before it breaks the surface?
Density and pressure
1. In a practical, you are assigned to calculate the density of an object.
a. How would you obtain the mass?
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S, L, G 3
b. How would you obtain the volume of the object if it is a regular shape?
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c. How would you obtain the volume if the object does not have a regular shape?
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2. The pressure at a ________________ in a gas or __________________________ at rest acts
_____________________________ in all _______________________ .
Ideal gas molecules
3. Explain how gas molecules exert a pressure on the walls of a container
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4. Explain the significance of the absolute zero of temperature
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5. If a student trebles the Kelvin temperature of a gas using a bunsen burner, what will happen to the
average kinetic energy of the gas molecules?
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6. When using the pressure/ temperature equation, what two assumptions have to be made?
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7. When using the pressure/ volume equation, what two assumptions have to be made?
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S, L, G 4
Radioactivity and Particles Revision Worksheets ( Double )
Nuclear 1
Nuclear 2
Plug & Chug
You are not expected to know the Periodic Table. These elements might be useful to complete the questions below:
Element Hydrogen (H)
Helium (He)
Carbon (C)
Technetium (Tc)
Barium (Ba)
Lead (Pb)
Polonium (Po)
Radon (Rn)
Atomic Number 1 2 6 43 56 82 84 86
Atomic Structure
1. Complete the gaps in the table:
Element Atomic Number
Mass Number
Number of Protons
Number of Neutrons
Nucleus Charge
Number of Electrons
+6
28
Write balanced Nuclear Equations for the following:
2. Hydrogen-3 (Tritium) is a emitter. β
3. Polonium-210 is an emitter. α
4. Technetium-99 is a emitter. γ
5. Uranium-235 absorbs a neutron. One possible fission is when it splits into and releases 3 neutrons (this is an example of neutron radiation ). By writing a balanced nuclear equation, determine the other daughter nucleus that is produced in this instance:
6. The Tritium in Question 2 can be produced in nuclear reactors by neutron activation of Lithium-6. Determine the other element that is produced:
Nuclear 3
Radioactivity
1. Look up any two Isotopes.
Isotope 1 Isotope 2
a. In what ways are your two isotopes similar?
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b. In what ways are your two isotopes different?
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2. Define Radioactivity.
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3. Complete the paragraph below using the words in the box.
cells cancer ions sickness kill break ionising
Alpha, beta and gamma radiation can be described as ……………………………. radiation because when
they hit molecules than can ……………………………. them into bits called ……………………………. .
A high dose of radiation will ……………………………. cells causing radiation ……………………….,
whereas smaller doses damage cells, which can cause ………………………
4. The Activity of a source is measured in Becquerels. What is a Becquerel?
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5. Draw the sources and rough proportions of Background Radiation for the UK in the pie chart to the right
Nuclear 4
6. You are tasked with finding out what type of radiation a lump of rock is emitting. a. Describe the experiment that you would carry out to determine the type of ionising radiation.
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b. What safety precautions would you take?
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c. You obtain the following data: Background radiation = 5 Bq Complete the table to take into account the Background Radiation
Absorber Raw Activity/ Bq Corrected Activity/ Bq
None 127
Paper 50
2mm Aluminium 50
5mm Lead 15
d. Explain which ionising radiations are being emitted.
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e. Why is there still a reading with 5mm Lead?
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Nuclear 5
7. Alpha, beta and gamma radiation all cause damage to cells but their degree of danger varies in different situations. Complete this table to describe the relative risks of the 3 sources inside and outside the body.
Alpha Beta Gamma
Level of danger Very high High Medium
Explanation
Cause lower levels of ionisation (than α or β) and so less damage to cells.
Level of danger Fairly low
Explanation
Cannot penetrate the skin and so cannot damage internal organs
7.
a. Define Half-Life.
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Look at Figure 1, it shows the decay of radioactive Iodine.
Nuclear 6
b. Write down the half-life. __________________________ c. Calculate the activity after three half-lives.
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d. Calculate the time when the Activity becomes 5 Bq. Show your working.
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e. Calculate the proportion of radioactive iodine left after six half-lives.
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8. We can be affected by ionising radiation in two ways - contamination and irradiation. a. Explain the difference between contamination and irradiation
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b. Give one example of a situation where someone could be: i. Contaminated
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ii. Irradiated
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Nuclear 7
9. The table shows the properties of four radioisotopes. Which radioisotope would be best to use as a
medical tracer and why?
Radioisotope Half-life Type of emission
Technetium-99 6 hours Gamma
Phosphorus-32 14 days Beta
Cobalt - 60 5 years Beta/ Gamma
Radium-226 1600 years Alpha
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11. Draw a labelled diagram of an alpha source being used in a Smoke Alarm.
a. Explain what happens when smoke enters the ionisation chamber.
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b. A student is worried that there is a radioactive source in the room. Explain why he should not worry in this case.
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Nuclear 8
Fission and Fusion
1. Draw a labelled diagram of a nuclear fission chain reaction.
a. In what form is the energy released? _____________________
b. Where did the energy come from? _______________________
2. The diagram shows a simplified nuclear fission reactor.
a. Describe the purpose of the following parts of the reactor
i. Control rods
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ii. Fuel rods
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iii. Moderator (Graphite)
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iv. Coolant
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Nuclear 9
b. Give reasons why the reactor is contained within a thick steel shell and a concrete shield.
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3. Nuclear fusion occurs at the centre of the Sun (only place where there is sufficient pressure and temperature). Protons (Hydrogen nuclei) join together to form Helium and release energy. Write the equation below:
a. In what form is the energy released? _____________________
b. Where did the energy come from?
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c. Why must the temperature (15 million ) and pressure be very high for this process to take place?
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Nuclear 10
