HIGGS Factory Overview of technology optionsin NLC/GLC framework and optimised for early phase of...

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HIGGS Factory Overview of technology options J.P Delahaye / SLAC (CERN)

Transcript of HIGGS Factory Overview of technology optionsin NLC/GLC framework and optimised for early phase of...

Page 1: HIGGS Factory Overview of technology optionsin NLC/GLC framework and optimised for early phase of HIGGS factory to be upgraded later to Two Beam scheme when mature enough for HEP LC

HIGGS Factory Overview of technology options

J.P Delahaye / SLAC (CERN)

Page 2: HIGGS Factory Overview of technology optionsin NLC/GLC framework and optimised for early phase of HIGGS factory to be upgraded later to Two Beam scheme when mature enough for HEP LC

Circular e+e- Colliders

γ-γ Colliders Muon Colliders

Linear Colliders

Higgs Factories

ILC CLIC SLC-type Adv. Concepts

LEP3 TLEP Super-Tristan FNAL Site-filler IHEP, + …

SAPPHIRE, CLICHÉ, SLC like …

Accelerators for a HIGGS Factory workshop @ FNAL (Nov 14-16, 2012) https://indico.fnal.gov/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=5775

2 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

Data from Report of the ICFA HF2012 Workshop

(FERMILAB-CONF-13-037-PAC)

( A.Blondel, A.Chao, W.Chou, J.Gao, D.Schulte, K.Yokoya)

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A Zoo of Candidates for a Higgs Factory

•  Linear e+e- collider: Ø  ILC Ø  CLIC Ø  X-band klystron based

•  γγ collider: Ø  ILC-based Ø  CLIC-based Ø  Recirculating linac-based

(SAPPHiRE) Ø  SLC-type

•  Circular e+e- collider: Ø  LEP3 Ø  TLEP Ø  SuperTRISTAN Ø  Fermilab site-filler Ø  China Higgs Factory (CHF) Ø  SLAC/LBNL big ring

•  Muon collider Ø  Low luminosity Ø  High luminosity

Ø  Plasma Ø  Laser driven Ø  Beam driven

Two strategies:

•  Projects focused on HIGGS Physics: -  γγ collider -  E+/E- colliding rings

•  HIGGS factory as first stage of a facility upgradable to (multi)-TeV energy range

-  Linear Colliders -  Muon Colliders

W.Chou @ HIGGS Fact. Wkp (FNAL,Nov2012)

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High energy colliders: luminosity challenge

Linear Colliders

Circular colliders

e+ e-

main linac

4

•  Generation and preservation of ultra-low emittances

•  Focusing to extremely small beam sizes at IP

•  Acceleration: MWs of beam power with high gradient & high efficiency

Keys: Beams with high power and extreme quality & stability Efficiency, Efficiency, Efficiency!!!!

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CLIC 3 TeV: 48 km CLIC 0.5 TeV: 13 km

Linear Colliders http://www.linearcollider.org/cms http://clic-study.web.cern.ch/CLIC-Study/

ILC 0.5 TeV – 30 km ILC 1 TeV – 50 km

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Page 6: HIGGS Factory Overview of technology optionsin NLC/GLC framework and optimised for early phase of HIGGS factory to be upgraded later to Two Beam scheme when mature enough for HEP LC

150 MeV e-linac

PULSE COMPRESSION FREQUENCY MULTIPLICATION

CLEX (CLIC Experimental Area) TWO BEAM TEST STAND PROBE BEAM Test Beam Line

3.5 A - 1.4 µs

28 A - 140 ns

30 GHz test stand

Delay Loop

Combiner Ring D FFD

DF

F

D F DD F D

F

FD

D F D

D F D

DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF

D F DF DF D

D FFFDD

DF

FDD

FF

FF

D F DD F DD F DD F D

F

FD

F

FD

F

FD

D F DD F D

D F DD F D

DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DFDF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF DF

D F DD F DF DF DF DF D

total length about 140 m

magnetic chicane

Photo injector tests, laser Infrastructure from LEP

Addressing all major CLIC technology key issues in CLIC Test Facility (CTF3)

"   Demonstrate Drive Beam generation (fully loaded acceleration, beam intensity and bunch frequency multiplication x8)

"   Demonstrate RF Power Production and test Power Structures

"   Demonstrate Two Beam Acceleration and test Accelerating Structures CLIC technology feasibility demonstrated Conceptual design published in 2012

Accelerator: h"ps://edms.cern.ch/document/1234244/ Physics&Detectors: h"p://arxiv.org/pdf/1202.5940v1 Executive summary: h"p://arxiv.org/pdf/1209.2543v1    

Summary  to  European    Strategy  update  http://arxiv.org/pdf/1208.1402v1

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Cost practical limitations

Additional offset due to drive beam injectors

PLASMA

CLIC

ILC

7.8B$ 14400FTE

Reduced cost/GeV due to -  reduced tunnel length (>acc. field) -  reduced equipment per unit length

HIG

GS

Fact

ory ILC less expensive

< 500GeV

CLIC efficient cost/energy 3.4MCHF/GeV

Favored > 500GeV

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~17.7 m, ∅16.3 cm

2-­‐pack  solid  state  modulator  

59 MW 1.95 µs

PPM  klystrons  

118 MW 1.95 µs

492 MW 244 ns

2 m, 1.83 active

x 8 accelerating structures, 100 MV/m loaded gradient

TE01  900  bend  

TE01  transfer  line  (?  m)   Inline  RF  distribuNon  network  

Common  vacuum  network  

460 kV, 2 µs flat top

x 4.64

Compared  to  NLC,  the  energy  gain  per  unit  in  CLIC’k  case  is  26%  lower  (need  more  klystrons  per  meter),  but  the  unit  acNve  length    is  ~  2  Nme  shorter.  

CLIC’k the CLIC first phase of a HIGGS factory

RF power source based on Klystrons developed in NLC/GLC framework and optimised for early phase of HIGGS factory to be upgraded later to Two Beam scheme when mature enough for HEP LC

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Page 9: HIGGS Factory Overview of technology optionsin NLC/GLC framework and optimised for early phase of HIGGS factory to be upgraded later to Two Beam scheme when mature enough for HEP LC

γγ Collider as a Higgs Factory High power lasers are Compton back- scattered from electron beams arranged as an e-/e- linear collider

SAPPHiRE

Beam Energy 80 GeV

Power Consumption 100 MW

Polarization 80%

Ave Beam Current 0.32 mA

E-e- geometric luminosity

2.2x10^34

Laser wavelength 351 nm

Repetition rate 200 kHz

Laser pulse energy ~5 J

CLICHÉ: CLIC Higgs Experiment

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Primary Parameters of γ-γ Colliders for a HIGGS factory

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Parameter CLIC-Higgs Sapphire SILC cms e- Energy 160 Gev 160 GeV 160 GeV Peak γ-γ Energy 128 GeV 128 GeV 130 GeV Bunch charge 4e9 1e10 5e10 Bunches/train 1690 1 1000 Rep. rate 100 200 kHz 10 Hz Power per beam 9.6 MW 25 MW 7 MW γεx / γεy [um] 1.4 / 0.05 5 / 0.5 6 / 5 βx / βy at IP [mm] 2 / 0.02 5 / 0.1 0.5 / 0.5 sx / sy at IP [nm] 138 / 2.6 400 / 18 140 / 125 L_geom 4e34 2e34 1e34 L_gg (Eγγ > 0.6 Ecms) 3.5e33 3.5e33 2e33 CP from IP 1 mm 1 mm 4 mm Laser pulse energy 2 J 4 J 1.2 J J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

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T.Raubenheimer @ ICHEP2010

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Plasma Acceleration (Beam-driven or Laser-driven)

50 GV/m demonstrated •  Potential use for linear

colliders and radiation sources

Simulation of 25 GeV PWFA stage

Drive bunch

Witness bunch

Laser pulse or

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Test facilities for Plasma-based Linear Colliders DOE OHEP has funded two new plasma accelerator test facilities: FACET and BELLA

•  Both are aimed at linear collider relevant parameters: -  ~1nC per bunch, several GeV energy gain, small emittance beams

•  Will address next generation challenges: emittance preservation, small energy spreads, stability and efficiency

FACET Test Facility (SLAC) BELLA Test Facility (LBL)

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Page 14: HIGGS Factory Overview of technology optionsin NLC/GLC framework and optimised for early phase of HIGGS factory to be upgraded later to Two Beam scheme when mature enough for HEP LC

Concept of Laser-Driven Plasma Linac

W.Leemans et al. Physics Today March 2009

Replace by new version

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Novel concept of a beam driven PWFA Linear Collider : A 2.5km HIGGS Factory

Beam parameters and luminosity similar to ILC but in a CW operation mode •  E-/E+ collisions in single bunch at 12.5kHz repetition frequency (80µs) •  Drive beam accelerated by 25 GeV SC CW linac with recirculation (a la CEBAF) •  Reduced dimensions due to high plasma acceleration gradients: 12.5 GV/m •  Excellent wall-plug to beam efficiency(8%@250GeV,18%@3TeV) •  Upgradable over large energy range: from HIGGS fact. to 3 TeV

1 TeVcm in 4km (3 TeVcm in 8km)

1 TeV in 4km 3 TeV in 8km 15 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

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Higgs Factory Accelerator Pros and Cons

Linear Collider

Circular Collider

Muon Collider

γ-γ Collider

Technical Maturity J JJ L L Size L L J J* Cost L K K J* Power Consumption K L K K Energy Resolution L L J L MDI K K L L TeV Upgradability (Energy) J LL JJ J TeV Upgradability (Cost, Size, Power) K LL J K

S.Henderson @ HIGGS Fact. Wkp (FNAL,Nov2012)

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Lepton colliders main parameters Parameter Unit ILC CLIC PWFA Muon Collider

Energy (cm) GeV 250 250 250 126

Luminosity (per IP) 1034cm-2s-1 0.75 1.37 1.60 0.01

Peak (1%)Lum(/IP) 1034cm-2s-1 0.65 1.19 0.94 0.01

Yearly HIGGS (/IP) 1000 23 34 30 50

# IP - 1 1 1 1

Length or circumference km 21 13.2 2.5 0.3

Power (wall plug) MW 128 235 133 200

Polarisation (e+/e-) % 80/30 80/0 ?/? 15/15

Lin. Acc. grad. (peak/eff) MV/m 31.5/? 40/? 104/103 -

# particles/bunch 1010 2 0.34 1 500

# bunches/pulse - 1312 842 1 1

Bunch interval ns 554 0.5 - -

Average/peak current nA/A 21/0.006 22.9/1.09 48.6/- -

Pulse repetition rate Hz 5 50 30000 15

Beam power/beam MW 2.63 2.87 6.08 0.15

Norm Emitt (X/Y) 10-6/10-9rad-m 10/35 0.66/25 10/35 200/200000

Sx, Sy, Sz at IP nm,nm,µm 729/66/300 150/3.2/72 671/3.8/20 1,2.105/1,2.105/4.104

Crossing angle mrad 14 18.6 14? 0

Av # photons - 1.17 0.7 0.57 ?

δb beam-beam % 0.95 1.5 2.75 ?

Upsilon - 0.02 0.05 0.084 ? 17 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

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Circular colliders main parameters Parameter Unit LEP3 TLEP STristan FNAL IHEP80 SLACLBL

Energy (cm) GeV 240 240 240 240 240 240

Luminosity (per IP) 1034cm-2s-1 1 4.9 1 0.52 3.85 1

Yearly HIGGS (/IP) 1000 20 100 20 13 77 20

# IP - 2 2 1 1 1 1

Length or circumf. km 26.7 81 40 16 70 26.7

Power (wall) MW 300 296 250 300 300 300

Polarisation (e+/e-) % 0 0 0 0 0 0

# particles/bunch 1010 100 50 67 80 60 8

# bunches/beam - 4 80 8 2 52 50

Beam intensity mA 7.2 24.3 6.5 5 21.3 7.2

Synchrotron loss/turn GeV 7.0 2.1 3.5 10.5 2.35 7.0

Synchro. power/beam MW 50 50 22.5? 50 50 50

RF voltage GV 12 6 8.3 12 12 12

Norm Emitt (X/Y) 10-3/10-6radm 5.87/23 2.21/12 9.4/9.4 5.32/27 3.36/16.7 1.01/5.05

Sx, Sy, Sz at IP mm,nm,mm 71/320/3.1 43/220/1.7 89/63/1.2 67/476/2.9 53/266/1 15/2.6/1.5

Crossing angle mrad 0 0 0 0 0

Tune shift (x/y) -/- 0.09/0.08 0.1/0.1 0.03/0.08 0.070.095 0.08/0.08 0.04/0.07

Beam lifetime sec 1080 1920 ? 1080 600 ?

Average # photons - 0.6 0.5 3.2 0.36 0.48 0.24

δb beam-beam % 0.03 0.035 0.02 0.022 0.057 0.0088

Upsilon - 0.00231 0.00348 0.00320 0.00212 0.0057 0.00186 18

J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

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Collider ‘Wall Plug’ AC Power use ILC and 80 km ring: ILC -H ILC-nom Ring - H Ring - t

E_cm (GeV) 250 500 240 350 SRF Power to Beam (MW) 5.2 10.5 100 100 Eff. RF Length (m) 7,837 15,674 600 1200 RF klystron peak efficiency (%) 65 65 65 65 klystron operating margin, HVPS, Klystron Aux and klystron water cooling (% inefficiency)

30 + 20 Additional inefficiency due cavity fill-time

20* 20

Overall system RF efficiency (%) 10 14 45 45 Cryo (MW) 16 32 20 40 Normal Conducting (exc. Injector complex) (MW)

6 10 120** 120

Injector complex 32 32 16*** 16 Conventional (Air, lighting, ..) 6 6**** 18 18 Total (exc. detector) 112 153 396 416 * 5% for operating margin, 2% for auxiliaries, 3% for HVPS and 10% for water cooling ** assume 1.5 kW / m tunnel inclusive (ILC avg. 3 kW / m) *** from SSC / Fermilab injector (linac + LEB + MEB); assumes LHC not needed **** 6 MW for 30 km beam tunnel complex; ~3x more for 80 ring

Assume two separate collider rings – similar to B Factories

M.Ross @ Aspen March 10, 2013

19 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

Page 20: HIGGS Factory Overview of technology optionsin NLC/GLC framework and optimised for early phase of HIGGS factory to be upgraded later to Two Beam scheme when mature enough for HEP LC

Total luminosity per IP of the various HIGGS Factory proposals and their variation with collision energy

20 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

ILC

ILC

ILC

CLIC

CLIC

CLIC

PWFA

PWFA

PWFA

PWFA

TLEP

TLEP FNAL

IHEP

IHEP

SLAC/LBL Muon Collider Muon Collider

Muon Collider

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

0.00   0.50   1.00   1.50   2.00   2.50   3.00  

1034

cm-2s-1

C.M. colliding beam energy (TeV)

ILC CLIC PWFA LEP3 TLEP

Super-Tristan FNAL IHEP SLAC/LBL Muon Collider

Page 21: HIGGS Factory Overview of technology optionsin NLC/GLC framework and optimised for early phase of HIGGS factory to be upgraded later to Two Beam scheme when mature enough for HEP LC

Total luminosity per IP in the energy region of HIGGS interest

21 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

ILC

ILC

CLIC

CLIC

PWFA

PWFA

TLEP

TLEP FNAL

IHEP

IHEP

SLAC/LBL Muon Collider

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

4.50

5.00

0.10   0.15   0.20   0.25   0.30   0.35   0.40   0.45   0.50  

1034

cm-2s-1

C.M. colliding beam energy (TeV)

ILC CLIC PWFA LEP3 TLEP

Super-Tristan FNAL IHEP SLAC/LBL Muon Collider

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Peak Luminosity integrated over all IPs

22

𝑳  ∝𝑳↓𝟎.𝟎𝟏   √#𝑰𝒑 

J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

ILC

ILC

ILC

CLIC CLIC

CLIC

PWFA PWFA

PWFA

PWFA

TLEP

TLEP

FNAL

IHEP IHEP

Muon Collider

Muon Collider

Muon Collider

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

0.00   0.50   1.00   1.50   2.00   2.50   3.00  

1034

cm-2s-1

C.M. colliding beam energy (TeV)

ILC CLIC PWFA LEP3 TLEP

Super-Tristan FNAL IHEP SLAC/LBL Muon Collider

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Peak luminosity integrated over all Ips in the region of HIGGS interest

23 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

ILC

ILC CLIC

CLIC

PWFA PWFA

TLEP

TLEP

FNAL

IHEP IHEP

SLAC/LBL Muon Collider

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

0.10   0.15   0.20   0.25   0.30   0.35   0.40   0.45   0.50  

1034

cm-2s-1

C.M. colliding beam energy (TeV)

ILC CLIC PWFA LEP3 TLEP Super-Tristan FNAL IHEP SLAC/LBL Muon Collider

𝑳  ∝𝑳𝟎.𝟎𝟏√#𝑰𝒑

Page 24: HIGGS Factory Overview of technology optionsin NLC/GLC framework and optimised for early phase of HIGGS factory to be upgraded later to Two Beam scheme when mature enough for HEP LC

Wall plug power

24 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

ILC

ILC

ILC

CLIC CLIC

CLIC

PWFA PWFA

PWFA

PWFA TLEP

TLEP

Super-Tristan

FNAL SLAC/LBL

Muon Collider Muon Collider

Muon Collider

0.00

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

0.00   0.50   1.00   1.50   2.00   2.50   3.00  

MW

C.M. colliding beam energy (TeV)

ILC CLIC PWFA LEP3 TLEP Super-Tristan FNAL IHEP SLAC/LBL Muon Collider

Maximum Tolerable?

Circular colliders

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Wall plug power in the region of HIGGS interest

25 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

ILC

ILC

CLIC

CLIC

PWFA PWFA

TLEP TLEP

Super-Tristan

FNAL

SLAC/LBL

Muon Collider

0.00

50.00

100.00

150.00

200.00

250.00

300.00

350.00

400.00

0.10   0.15   0.20   0.25   0.30   0.35   0.40   0.45   0.50  

MW

C.M. colliding beam energy (TeV)

ILC CLIC PWFA LEP3 TLEP

Super-Tristan FNAL IHEP SLAC/LBL Muon Collider

Maximum Tolerable?

Circular colliders

Page 26: HIGGS Factory Overview of technology optionsin NLC/GLC framework and optimised for early phase of HIGGS factory to be upgraded later to Two Beam scheme when mature enough for HEP LC

Figure of merit: Integrated Luminosity/Wall plug power

26 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

ILC

ILC

ILC

CLIC

CLIC

CLIC PWFA

PWFA

PWFA

PWFA

LEP3

TLEP

TLEP Super-Tristan

FNAL

IHEP

SLAC/LBL

Muon Collider

Muon Collider

Muon Collider

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

0.00   0.50   1.00   1.50   2.00   2.50   3.00  

1034/MW

C.M. colliding beam energy (TeV)

ILC CLIC PWFA LEP3 TLEP Super-Tristan FNAL IHEP SLAC/LBL Muon Collider

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Figure of merit (Luminosity / wall plug power) in the HIGGS region of interest

27 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

ILC

ILC

CLIC

CLIC

PWFA

PWFA

LEP3

TLEP

TLEP Super-Tristan

FNAL

IHEP IHEP

SLAC/LBL

Muon Collider

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

0.10   0.15   0.20   0.25   0.30   0.35   0.40   0.45   0.50  

1034/MW

C.M. colliding beam energy (TeV)

ILC CLIC PWFA LEP3 TLEP Super-Tristan FNAL IHEP SLAC/LBL Muon Collider

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Length or circumference

28 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

ILC

ILC

ILC

CLIC CLIC

CLIC

PWFA PWFA PWFA PWFA

TLEP TLEP

Super-Tristan

FNAL

IHEP

IHEP

SLAC/LBL

Muon Collider Muon Collider

Muon Collider

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

0.00   0.50   1.00   1.50   2.00   2.50   3.00  

km

C.M. colliding beam energy (TeV)

ILC CLIC PWFA LEP3 TLEP Super-Tristan FNAL IHEP SLAC/LBL Muon Collider

LHC

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Length or circumference in the HIGGS region of interest

29 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

ILC

ILC

CLIC CLIC

PWFA PWFA

TLEP TLEP

Super-Tristan

FNAL

IHEP

IHEP

SLAC/LBL

Muon Collider 0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

0.10   0.15   0.20   0.25   0.30   0.35   0.40   0.45   0.50  

km

C.M. colliding beam energy (TeV)

ILC CLIC PWFA LEP3 TLEP Super-Tristan FNAL IHEP SLAC/LBL Muon Collider

LHC

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M.Ross @ Aspen March 10, 2013

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31

Capital cost

J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

More on Cost by P.Garbincius on March 22

ILC

ILC

CLIC

CLIC

TLEP (main ring)

Muon Collider (Shiltsev)

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

0.00   0.10   0.20   0.30   0.40   0.50   0.60  

B$

Colliding beam energy (TeV)

ILC CLIC TLEP (main ring) Muon Collider (Shiltsev)

LHC main ring?

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32

Capital cost per 5 years produced HIGGS

J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

ILC

CLIC

TLEP

Muon Colliders (Shiltsev cost)

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

35.00

40.00

45.00

50.00

0   100000   200000   300000   400000   500000   600000  

k$/

HI

GGS

5 years produced HIGGS

ILC CLIC TLEP Muon Colliders (Shiltsev cost)

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Linear and γ-γ colliders Technical issues to be addressed by specific R&D

ILC: TDR available (2013), ready for construction •  Generation of ultra small (6nm) beam spot (70nm @ ATF/KEK) •  Target for polarized positrons

CLIC: CDR available (2012) •  If based on Two Beam Acceleration (TBA):

-  Same as ILC above (3nm beam spot) -  Develop a technical design based on CDR -  Optimisation of acceleration components and systems -  Preparation of industrial procurements (series of accelerating structures and integrated

Two-Beam modules ) •  If based on Klystrons:

-  Cost optimisation and industrialisation of NCRF Xband (NLC/JLC) technology

γ-γ colliders •  Laser power and efficiency •  Optical cavity for gamma Ray generation of several joules with MHz repetition rates •  Gamma ray generation by (tapered) FEL with high efficiency (10%) •  Primary beam as FEL driver in SAPPHIRE •  RF guns with low emittance beam generation

33 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

Page 34: HIGGS Factory Overview of technology optionsin NLC/GLC framework and optimised for early phase of HIGGS factory to be upgraded later to Two Beam scheme when mature enough for HEP LC

Technical issues to be addressed by specific R&D

E+/E- circular colliders • Handling of 100 MW synchrotron radiation losses issues • RF power generation ( high efficiency, RF couplers, Coupling

impedance) •  Activation by high critical energy of synch. Rad.(1.5MeV) • High current (Amp) and collective instabilities (MCI) •  Beam-beam effects with large synch tune and small βy •  Large energy acceptance (2-6%) for acceptable lifetime with

strong beamstrahlung • MDI with strong synchrotron radiation and background

34 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

Page 35: HIGGS Factory Overview of technology optionsin NLC/GLC framework and optimised for early phase of HIGGS factory to be upgraded later to Two Beam scheme when mature enough for HEP LC

Novel Acceleration Techniques Technical issues to be addressed by specific R&D

Muon Colliders: •  High power (4MW) proton driver (Project X if at FNAL) and target •  Ionisation cooling (10^6=10^2 transverse and 10^4 longitudinal) •  Accelerating fields in low frequency RF cavities immersed in strong magnetic field •  Large field solenoids (15 to 20T) •  Low beam momentum spread (3.10^-5) and stability (10^-5) of collider at S resonance •  MDI and detector in high background environment •  Large background and activation due to Muon decays

Plasma based Accelerators (laser or beam driven) •  Acceleration over substantial length with high gradient and low momentum spread •  Laser power and efficiency (laser driven) •  Laser (or drive beam) to plasma and plasma to main beam power transfer efficiency •  Emittance preservation during acceleration •  Multi-stage acceleration •  Alignment tolerances and instabilities (hose, head erosion) •  Positron acceleration

35 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

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36 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

Timelines of Higgs Factory projects Approximate dates, uncertainty increases with time

RDR (CDR) R&D TDR/Preparation Construction Operation

PROPOSED APPROVED

300 fb-1

3000 fb-1

Page 37: HIGGS Factory Overview of technology optionsin NLC/GLC framework and optimised for early phase of HIGGS factory to be upgraded later to Two Beam scheme when mature enough for HEP LC

Higgs Factory Accelerator: Pros & Cons Linear Collider

Plasma Wakefield

Circular Collider

Muon Collider

γ-γ Collider

Technical Maturity Proj launch/First beam

JJ 2015/2024

L 2027/2034

J 2018/2024

L 2027/2034

K 2025/2035

Size (km) L 13-20

J 2.5

L 20-80

J 0.3

J 10

Cost L 6-7

K ?

KL ?-11

K ?

K ?

Power Consumption

J 128-235

J 133

L? 300-400

K 200

K ?

Energy Resolution

L 10-2

L 10-2

K ?

JJ 10-5

L ?

Polarisation JJ 80/30

L ?/?

L 0/0

K 15-15

K ?/?

MDI K K K L background

L laser

Energy (TeV) Upgradability

J 1-2

JJ 3

LL 0.35

JJ 3-6

J 1-2

TeV Upgradability (Cost,Size,Power)

K JJ

LL JJ

K? 37 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

Page 38: HIGGS Factory Overview of technology optionsin NLC/GLC framework and optimised for early phase of HIGGS factory to be upgraded later to Two Beam scheme when mature enough for HEP LC

Conclusion (personal) •  Consensus of lepton collider (e+/e- or µ+/ µ-) as precision facility after LHC

•  HIGGS factory logical first stage •  Several alternative technologies but none of them easy & cheap •  Long timeline before HIGGS factory beam available: ILC earliest by 2025

•  What will have been measured by LHC at the time? What left to be measured? •  Facility limited to HIGGS Physics not worth the (multiB$) investment?

•  HIGGS facility only makes sense as near term approach upgradable later to higher colliding beam energies as required by Physics

•  γγ colliders as add-on to linear colliders and e+/e- rings (too) limited in energy? •  Circular colliders power consuming and not upgradable with electrons/positrons

•  Discovery Facility with Protons) expending energy frontier if no new Physics found at LHC •  ILC mature technology and ready to build

•  expensive and limited in energy upgrade •  Japanese initiative to build ILC not to be missed (if confirmed)

•  Muon colliders benefit from S channel resonance •  Direct measurement of HIGGS mass width but extremely low momentum spread required, •  Ideal technology for Multi-TeV operation (no beamstrahlung, no synch rad., low power) •  Specific technical challenges and late availability (2034)

•  R&D on novel technologies (Two-Beam, Plasmas, Muons..) to be strongly supported to extend colliding beam energy range as (possibly) required by Physics in the future

38 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options

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Recommendation Some issues too important to be left to Physicists and/or project leaders: International Committee of “wise” experts to fairly evaluate all projects on:

•  Power •  Cost •  Schedule

39 J.P.Delahaye @ UCLA March 21,2013 Review of HIGGS Factory technology options