Greek presentation - Erasmus+ GEL VAMOU

72
GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE GREECE GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE 1

Transcript of Greek presentation - Erasmus+ GEL VAMOU

PowerPoint

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOUCRETE GREECEGENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE1

GREECEGreece is a country in southeastern Europe, known in Greek as Hellas or Ellada, and consisting of a mainland and an archipelago of islands. GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE2

The total area of Greece is 131,957 km2 and consists of three main geographic areas:a peninsular mainland, the Peloponnese peninsula, and around 6.000 islands and islets, scattered in the Aegean and Ionian Sea, most of them grouped in clusters, that constitute the unique Greek archipelago. GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE3

Eighty percent of the country consists of mountains or hills; furthermore, it has 16.000 kilometres of coastline of which 7500 are found around the thousands islands of the Greek archipelago, a truly unparalleled phenomenon on the European continent.

Official language: GreekThe currency : Greece is a Member-State of the European Union and uses its uniform currency the Euro. Climate: MediterraneanPopulation: 11.306.183 (2010 estimate)The country is a Presidential Parliamentary Democracy

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE4

A short presentation of Greek History

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE5

Paleolithic Age

The first traces of human habitation in Greece appeared during the Paleolithic Age (approx. 120000 - 10000 B.C.), but little is known to date to the Paleolithic Era in Greece.

The skull from Petralona Cave in Chalkidiki (350,000 or 200,000 BP) also belongs to the anthropological type Homo sapiens praesapiens

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE6

Neolithic Period Neolithic Period that followed (approx. 7th 4th Millennium B.C.) and its civilization is traced mainly in areas that included Thessaly and Macedonia.

The neolithic settlements extended all over Greece , with the greatest concentration in the Plain of Thessaly , where the two most important settlements are located, Sesklo and Dimini. The arrangement of the dwellings with their streets and squares of the settlement constitute the first architectural and town-planning forms on European ground.GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE7

Dimini. Marble schematic anthropomorphic figurine. Late Neolithic (c. 4800-4500 BC).

Neolithic statue called as 'the thinker'. Large solid figurine from Karditsa Thessaly. Final Neolithic Period 4500-3300 BC.

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE8

Bronze AgeCivilisations with impressive achievements developed during the Bronze Age (approx. 3000 1150 B.C.) in the Northeastern Aegean, the Cyclades, Crete and the Greek Mainland, which are considered to be the first of the great civilisations in Greece. GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE9

Cycladic is the term used for the civilization that developed in the region of the Cycladic Islands during the Bronze Age (3200-1100 B.C). The acme of this civilization was reached during the first phase of the Bronze age (3rd millennium B.C.).GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE10

An important Bronze Age settlement is located in Akrotiri on the south coast of Thera.

The wall-paintings from Akrotiri, Thera, are distinguished by the originality of their iconography, the freedom in the design and rendering of the figures, and the richness of their colours.

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE11

Minoan Civilisation (Crete)The first inhabitants of Crete probably came from western Asia Minor well before 3000 B.C. In time, as the islanders mastered the sea, Crete became a thriving maritime power.Minoan civilisation reached its height between 1550 and 1400 B.C., when Crete enjoyed its greatest influence in the Aegean world. GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE12

The bull-leaping fresco, which comes from the East Wing of the palace at Knossos, shows the three successive stages of the sport and thus gives us a full and clear picture of how it was performed. As the bull charges, the acrobat first grasps its horns, then somersaults on to its back and finally jumps off. Both men and women took part in this dangerous sport. 15th cent. B.C. Herakleion Archaeological Museum.

The feather prince from the palace at Knossos; part of the Procession Fresco. It depicts a regal figure, probably, the Priest King, wearing a crown of lilies and peacock plumes. With his outstretched left hand he may have been leading sphinx or a griffin. About 1550 B.C. Herakleion Archaeological Museum

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE13

Minoan artKnossos beak vase. Herakleion Archaeological Museum

Kamares ware krater with moulded flowers. Herakleion Archaeological Museum.

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE14

Gold pendant with two wasps from Mallia. Herakleion Archaeological Museum.

Knossos snake goddess from the Temple Repositories in the palace of Knossos. Herakleion Archaeological Museum

Mycenaean Civilization (1600-1100 BC)Between 1400 and 1200, Mycenae reached the height of its prosperity and created the most imposing monuments in all Bronze Age Greece.

The citadel, which covers a surface area of 30,000 sq. m, is surrounded by walls composed of huge boulders. The stupendous walls were built between 1350 and 1300.

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE15

Nine royal tholos tombs were built in the immediate vicinity of the Mycenaean citadel in the 15th and 14th centuries BC.

The tomb of Atreus (Agamemnon) GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE16

The amazing wealth of the grave gifts reveals both the high social rank and the martial spirit of the deceased: gold jewelry and vases, a large number of decorated swords and other bronze objects, and artefacts made of imported materials, such as amber, lapis lazuli, faience and ostrich eggs. All of these, together with a small but characteristic group of pottery vessels, confirm Mycenae's importance during this period, and justify Homer's designation of Mycenae as 'rich in gold.'GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE17

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE18

Soldier armor Linear B

Dark Ages circa 1100 800 BC.

During the Dark Age, for all its lack of dramatic activity, the population of Greece must have increased, with unfortunate consequences. Greece was relatively poor in agricultural resources, and by about 750 the population threatened to outgrow the local capacity to feed it. In effect, the mainland Greeks of the eighth and seventh centuries, instead of importing foodstuffs, exported their excess population.

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE19

Geometric Period Circa 900-700 B.C.The Geometric period was a time of startling innovation and transformation in Greek society. The population dramatically increased and proto-urban life re-emerged, bringing with it overcrowding and political tensions. The Greeks moved to new lands to the east and west where they founded commercial trading posts and colonies. The literature of the period was mainly oral, but the epic poetry crystallized towards the end of the period thanks to the re-introduction of literacy.

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE20

During this epoch Greek population recovered and organized politically in city-states (Polis) comprised of citizens, foreign residents, and slaves. This kind of complex social organization required the development of an advanced legal structure that ensured the smooth coexistence of different classes and the equality of the citizens irrespective of their economic status. This was a required precursor for the Democratic principles that we see developed two hundred years later in Athens.

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE21The archaic period 700 480 BC.

During the Archaic period the fundamental changes that determined the face of Greek culture took place. The reacquisition of writing combined with social developments gave a new boost to literature. The epic, was worthily represented in Hesiod although works of the standard of Homer were not created. However, the form that rapidly developed with great diversity was lyric poetry, which met the new demands.Thales (624-547 B.C.), Anaximander (610-546 B.C.) and Anaximenes (585-525 B.C.) explicitly denied the mythological and religious interpretation of the world and tried to explain its origin in a materialistic way, based that is, on an original substance, the motion and the changes of which create every object and phenomenon. Each one was systematically engaged in sciences, such as mathematics and astronomy, and established the basis of the Greek exact sciences. GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE22

At the end of the 8th century B.C. an almost sudden transition took place from the austere schematization of the Geometric period towards a more physiocratic and anthropocentric model. The new styles were inspired by eastern standards, which gave the name "orientalizing period" to the art of the 7th century B.C. However, the absorption of eastern elements happened with selectivity and creative imagination, a fact that allowed the development of a pure Greek archaic characteristic the following century.GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE23

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE24

The Archaic period is the era of great innovations in architecture. The design of its most important buildings, the temples, becomes more complex and is subjected to austere symmetry. The temples of the Archaic period are the first stone temples built in Greece. They demonstrate a developing knowledge of stone building through their use of decorative spaces on buildings.Designers utilized the spaces on the metopes to depict individual mythological events on earlier temples, and then as a collective series of moments in an event, such as the Twelve Labors of Herakles on the Temple of Zeus at Olympia.At the same time, two architectonic orders were formed, the Ionic and the Doric.

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE25

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE26

Wilhelm Lbke's illustration of the temple as it might have looked in the fifth century BCEThe massive temple of Zeus is considered by many to be the perfect example of Doric architecture.

Classical GreeceThe Classical Period produced remarkable cultural and scientific achievements. The city of Athens introduced to the world a direct Democracy.The rational approach to exploring and explaining the world as reflected in Classical Art, Philosophy, and Literature became the well-grounded springboard that western culture used to leap forward.

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE27

User (U) - The teachings of Socrates, Plato and Aristotle among others, either directly, in opposition, or mutation, have been used as reference point of countless western thinkers in the last two thousand years. Hippocrates became the Father of modern medicine, and the Hippocratic oath is still used today. The dramas of Sophocles, Aeschylus, Euripides, and the comedies of Aristophanes are considered among the masterpieces of western culture.One of the greatest ancient historians, Thucydides (c.460 B.C.c.400 B.C.). His History of the Peloponnesian War set a standard for scope, concision and accuracy that makes it a defining text of the historical genre.GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE28

The ancient Greeks are rightly famous for their magnificent Doric and Ionic temples, and the example par excellence is undoubtedly the Parthenon of Athens. Built in the mid 5th century BCE in order to house the gigantic statue of Athena and to advertise to the world the glory of Athens, it still stands majestically on the citys acropolis.

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE29

The combination of refinements which the artists used makes the temple seem perfectly straight, symmetrically in harmony, and gives the entire building a certain vibrancy.

The Theatre of Dionysus at Athens

Cape Sounion and the Temple of Poseidon

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE30

Greek artists of the fifth and fourth centuries B.C. attained a manner of representation that conveys a vitality of life as well as a sense of permanence, clarity, and harmony.

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE31

One of his most important sculptural works, the Diadoumenos of PolykleitosSpartan warrior as depicted on a Greek red-figured vase, c. 480 bc.

The Artemision Bronze (National Archaeological Museum of Athens).

The forth century Rise of Philip II of MacedonDuring the mid-fourth century B.C., Macedonia (in northern Greece) became a formidable power under Philip II (r. 360/59336 B.C.), and the Macedonian royal court became the leading center of Greek culture. Philip defeated the united armies at the battle of Chaeronea in 338 b.c, and thereafter was the undisputed leader of Greece.GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE32

Vergina Sun

Alexander the GreatAfter Philip's assassination in 336 BC, Alexander succeeded his father to the throne and inherited a strong kingdom and an experienced army. Alexander was awarded the generalship of Greece and used this authority to launch his father's Panhellenic project to lead the Greeks in the conquest of Persia. The extraordinary campaigns of Alexander changed the course of history in a decisive manner.

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE33

Alexander fighting king Darius III of Persia", Alexander Mosaic, Naples National Archaeological Museum.

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE34

The Hellenistic Period The death ofAlexanderthe Great in 323 B.C.marked the beginning of a new stage in world history. Hellenic civilization, properly defined, was now at an end. Gradually a new pattern of civilization emerged based upon a mixture of Greek and Oriental elements. his new civilization lasted until about the beginning of the Christian era.

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE35

The character of this new eraThough the language of the new era was Greek, and though persons of Greek nationality continued to play an active role in many affairs, the spirit of the culture was largely the spirit of the Orient.The classical ideal of democracy was now superseded by despotism perhaps as rigorous as any that Egypt or Persia had ever produced. The Hellenic devotion to simplicity and the golden mean gave way to extravagance in art and to a love of luxury and riotous excess. The Athenian economic system of small-scale production was supplanted by the growth of big business and ruthless competition for profits.

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE36

Though progress in science continued, the sublime confidence in the power of the mind which had characterized the teachings of most of the philosophers fromThalestoAristotlewas swallowed up in defeatism and ultimately in the sacrifice of logic to faith.In view of these changes it seems justifiable to conclude that the Hellenistic Age was really the era of a new civilization as distinct from the Greek as modern civilization is from the culture of the Middle Ages.

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE37

Roman Greececovering a period from theRoman conquest of Greecein 146 BC to 324 AD

The Greek peninsula became aRomanprotectorate in 146 BC. Roman culture was heavily influenced by classical Greek culture as Horacesaid,Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit(Translation:"Captive Greece took captive her rude conqueror"). GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE38

Roman Agora of Athens was built between 19 and 11 B.C. with a donation of Julius Caesar and Augustus. GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE39

Byzantine GreeceByzantine Greececovers a period from the establishment of the capital city of Byzantium,Constantinople, in 324 AD until thefall of Constantinoplein 1453 AD.At the same time Greece and much of the rest of the Roman east came under the influence ofChristianity. The apostlePaulhad preached in Corinth and Athens, and Greece soon became one of the most highlyChristianisedareas of the empire.Greek peninsula was one of the most prosperous regions of the Roman and later the Eastern Roman/Byzantine Empire.GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE40

Monastery of Osios Loukas at Steiri Boiotia

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE41

The Ottomans had begun their conquest of the Balkans and Greece in the late 14th century and early 15th century. Emperor Constantine was defeated and killed in 1453 when the Ottomans finally captured Constantinople. After thefall of Constantinople, the Ottomans also captured Athens and the Aegean islands by 1458. The Greeks held out in the Peloponnese until 1460, and the Venetians and Genoese clung to some of the islands, but by 1500 most of the plains and islands of Greece were in Ottoman hands. The mountains of Greece were largely untouched, and were a refuge for Greeks who desired to flee Ottoman rule and engage in brigandry.Ottoman occupation in GreeceGENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE42

The last Emperor of Byzantine GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE43

Modern GreeceThe history of modern Greece covers the history of Greece from the recognition of its autonomy from the Ottoman Empire by the Great Powers (Great Britain, France, and Russia) in 1828, after the Greek War of Independence, to the present day.

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE44

The Grateful Greece

Administration of Ioannis Kapodistrias On his arrival, Kapodistrias launched a major reform and modernisation programme that covered all areas. Assassination of Kapodistrias and the creation of the Kingdom of Greece.Reign of King Otto, 18331863 Otto's reign would prove troubled, but he managed to hang on for 30 years before he and his wife, Queen Amalia, left the same way they came, aboard a British warship.Reign of King George I, 18641913 At the urging of Britain and King George, Greece adopted the much more democratic Greek Constitution of 1864. Balkan Wars 1912-13World War I 1914-19Greco-Turkish War (19191922)Republic and Monarchy (19221940)World War II 1940-1944Civil War 1946-1949Postwar Greece (19501973)Greek military junta of 19671974Transition and democracy (1973today)

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE45

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE46

The Greek ParliamentGreece as 10th member of E.O.C. (E.U.)

Olymmpic Games in Athens 2004

CreteCrete is the largest island in Greece, and the fifth largest one in the Mediterranean Sea. GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE47

After the decline of the Minoans, Crete was invaded by a series of conquerors starting with the Myceneans. Soon, the Dorians and then later the Romans invaded. When the Roman Empire declined, the Byzantines took their turn and it was at this time that Christianity was established.The Arabs conquered Crete in the 8th century. The Byzantines took over again before they sold the Island to the Venetians in the early 13th century, who bestowed their influence until their surrender to the Turks in 1669.The Turks ruled until 1898 after which Crete was placed under international administration. In 1913, Crete became Greek.GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE48

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE49

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE50

Mythology has it that it was in a cave of Crete where the goddess Rhea hid the newborn Zeus.

A Few Words about our RegionApokoronas(Greek:) is a municipality inChaniaregional unit, north-westCrete,Greece. It is situated on the north coast of Crete, to the east ofChaniaitself. The municipality has an area of 315.478km2(121.807sqmi).Robert Pashleysuggested that the name 'Apokoronas' came from the ancient city of Ipokoronasor Ippokoronion, also cited byStrabo.The area is very green and fertile, unusual for rocky Crete. Tourism and agriculture are the major local industries

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE51

Some pictures of our village

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE52

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE53

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE54

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE55

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE56

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE57

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE58

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE59

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE60

General Lyceum of Vamos

General Lyceum of Vamos is the development of the Junior High School of Vamos which was founded during the era of the Cretan State (1898-1913). The contemporary building where the Junior High School and the Senior High School are co-housed is built in the highest region of Vamos in the place where Serhai building stood in the past that is the Turkish Commision Headquarters building which was burnt during the Revolution of 1896. Today the Lyceum of Vamos in Chania is the only High School in the east of Chania (except for the Lyceum of Sfakia ), a fact that gives even greater importance to the educational effort made for it.Every year a significant number of our school graduates are admitted to universities of the country giving joy, hope and satisfaction to the local community of Apokoronas.

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE61

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE62

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE63

1956

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE64

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE65

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE66

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE67

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE68

Greek educational systemPre-school education (Nursery school, all-day Nursery schools, special Nurseries Primary education (elementary school, ages 6-12, all-day Elementary schools, special Elementary schools) Lower secondary education is offered at Gymnasiums, ages 12-15Higher secondary education is offered by theUnified Lyceums and Technical Vocational Institutes, ages 16-18 Besides day schools there is also evening Unified Lyceum offering four-year courses for young workers. There are also Unified Musical Lyceums, Unified Ecclesiastical Lyceums, Model Experimental Lyceums, andUnified Lyceums for multicultural education, as well asSpecial Unified Lyceumsand integration classes for pupils with special education needs.Post-compulsory, Upper Secondary Education which provides vocational training (IEKs)

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE69

Post-secondary, non-university education (The Higher Education System also includes various institutes which provide vocational training in the field of religion, art, tourism, the navy, the army and public order. More specifically, these include the Higher Ecclesiastical Institutes, the Merchant Marine Academy, the Higher Institute of Dance and Dramatic Art, the Higher Tourist Training Institutes, the igher NCO Institutes of the Ministry of National Defence, and the Police Academy.Higher Technological Education, which is provided by theTechnological Educational Institutes(TEIs).University Education, which is provided by Universities (AEIs) Postgraduate studies (post-graduate studies lead to the award of aPost-graduate Diploma of Specialisation.)Doctoral studies lead to the award of aDoctorate.GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE70

Bibliographyhttp://www.ancient.eu/greece/http://ancient-greece.org/history.htmlhttps://www.boundless.com/art-history/textbooks/https://www.britannica.com/http://earlyworldhistory.blogspot.gr/2012/03/greek-colonization.htmlhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonies_in_antiquityhttps://fysi.wordpress.com/culture/apokoronas/http://www.greeka.com/greece-history/http://www.interkriti.org/vamos/grindex.htmhttp://www.ime.gr/chronoshttp://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/grge/hd_grge.htm

http://odysseus.culture.gr/index_gr.htmlhttps://www.usu.edu/markdamen/ClasDram/chapters/031gkhist.htmhttp://www.visitgreece.gr/

GENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE71

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONOLGA KARADAKI MSC, AKIS AMPELAS PHDGENIKO LYKEIO VAMOU CRETE72