Galileo little scientist

30

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Activities prepared by SSA forInternational year of astronomy 2009

Transcript of Galileo little scientist

Page 1: Galileo little scientist
Page 2: Galileo little scientist

Keo-entbm Keoen

400 h¿j-߃°papºv Keoentbm sSen-kvtIm-∏n-eqsS BImiw \nco-£n®v ]]-©sØ

hmbn-®p. Fs¥m-s°-bm-sWt∂m At±lw \nco-£n-®-Xv?

Nµ-\nse Ip∂pw Ipgn-Ifpw

Keo-entbm Ah-bpsSsbms° NnXw hc®p h®p. Ipgn-I-fn¬ \ng¬ hogp-∂Xp

t\m°n Ipgn-I-fpsS Bgw IW-°m-°n.

i\n-bpsS sNhn-Iƒ

i\n-bpsS c≠p hi-ß-fnepw sNhn t]mse ImW-s∏-Sp-∂Xv \nco-£n-°p-Ibpw Ah

tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬ Ah he-b-ß-fm-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ At±-l-

Øn\v Ign-™n-√.

hymg-Øns‚ D]-K-l-߃

hymg-Øns‚ \mev D]-K-l-߃ (Ctbm, bqtdm-∏, Km\n-ta-Uv, ImentÃm) hymgsØ

Np‰p-∂Xv \nco-£n®v Hmtcm Znh-khpw Ah-bpsS ÿm\w amdp-∂-Xns‚ NnX-߃

hc®p h®p. Cu D]-K-l-ßsf Keo-en-b≥ D]-K-l-߃ F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p.

ipI≥ Nµ-°e t]mse

ipIs‚ hr≤n-£-b-߃ \nco-£n®v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn. Hcn-°epw Xe°p apI-fn¬

ImWmØ ipIs\ Ie-bmbn ImWp∂Xv ipI≥ kqcys\bmWv Np‰p-∂-Xv F∂-

Xns‚ sXfn-hmWv F∂v ÿm]n-®p. Zqc-Z¿in-\n-bn-eqsS ipIIe F√m-h-tcbpw

ImWn®p sImSp-Øp.

kqcyIf¶-߃

kqcy-\nse IdpØ s]m´p-Iƒ ^n¬´¿ ]nSn-∏n® Zqc-Z¿in-\n-bn-eqsS \nco-£n-®p. Cu

s]m´p-I-fpsS Ne\w \nco-£n®v kz¥w A®p-X-≠n¬ Hcp-]m-hiyw Id-ßm≥ kqcy\v

27 Znhkw thWw F∂p Is≠-Øn.

\n߃ CXn¬ GsX-¶nepw I≠n- pt≠m?Cs√-¶n¬ 2009 ¬ ImWpw.

AXn-\p≈ Ah-k-c-sam-cp-°p-I-bmWv Keo-entbm en‰n¬ kb‚nÃv.

400 h¿jw apºv Keo-entbm I≠-Xv !

\Ωƒ C∂pw ImWm-ØXpw !!

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]T\-ap-dn-bpsS a®n¬ ZrjvSn-bq∂n Nn¥n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Keo-entbm

apI-fn¬ Xq°n-bn- n-cn-°p∂ hnf-°p-Iƒ Im‰Øv BSp-∂Xv i≤n-®p. hnf-

°p-Iƒ sNdp-Xm-bn BSp-tºmgpw IqSp-X¬ Zqtc°v BSp-tºmgpw Hcp

]mhiyw BSm-s\-Sp-°p∂ kabw (Hc-‰Øp \n∂pw at‰ A‰Øv t]mbn

BZy A‰Øv FØp-tºmƒ Hcp ]mhiyw BSn-°-gn-™p) H∂p Xs∂-bm-

sW∂v Keo-entbm°v tXm∂n. At±lw \qen¬ I√p sI´n-Øq°n ]co-

£Ww sNbvXp t\m°n. ]e \of-Øn-ep≈ Nc-Sp-I-fn¬ I√p sI´n ]co-

£Ww Bh¿Øn-®p.

Keo-entbm sNbvX ]co-£Ww \nßfpw H∂p sNbvXp t\m°q.

\qen¬ I√p-sI- nb 50 sk.-ao- \of-ap≈ Hcp s]≥Up-ew D≠m-°q.

hnhn[ Zqc-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Ahsb B´n hnSp-I. Hmtcm Zqc-Øn¬ \n∂v

Ahsb B´n hnSptºmgpw 10 ]mhiyw BSm-s\-Sp-°p∂ kabw Is≠-

Øq. F¥mWv \n߃ Is≠-Øn-bXv?

75 sk.-ao-, 100 sk.-ao \of-ap≈ s]≥Up-eßfpw D≠m-°q. hnhn[

\of-ap≈ s]≥Up-e-߃ D]-tbm-Kn®v ]co-£Ww Bh¿Øn-°q. Is≠-

Ø-ep-Iƒ ]´n-I-s∏-Sp-Øq.- s]≥Upew Hcp ]mhiyw BSm≥ FSp-°p∂

ka-bhpw s]≥UpeØns‚ \ofhpw XΩn¬ _‘-apt≠m? I√ns‚ hep-

∏hpw BSm≥ FSp-°p∂ ka-bhpw XΩn¬ _‘-apt≠m? Is≠-Øp-I.

Keo-entbmbpwXq°p-hn-f-°p-Ifpw

]co-£-W \nco-£Wß-fn-eqsS \nK-a-\-ßfn¬ FØp∂

imkvX-Øns‚ coXnbmbn-cp∂p Keo-entbm ]n¥p-S¿∂Xv.

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]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-te°v IS-°mw.

Cu ]h¿Ø\ ssI∏p-kvX-I-Øn¬ BsI 44 ]h¿Ø-\-

ß-fp≠v. F√mw \n߃ sNbvXv t\m°-Ww. ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS

Iaw ]men-°p-∂-Xv \√-Xm-bn-cn-°pw.

2009 Pqsse 22 \v \S-°p∂ kqcyKlWw tkmfm¿^n¬‰¿

D≠m°n AXn-eqsS \n߃ \nco-£n-°-Ww. \·-t\-X-ß-ƒ

sIm≠v t\m°-cp-Xv. Cu ]h¿Ø\ ]pkvX-I-Ønse BZysØ 10

]¿Ø-\-߃ sNbvXn´p thWw KlWw \nco-£n-°p∂ ]¿Ø-

\-Ønte°v IS-t°-≠-Xv. kqcy≥ sk]v‰w-_¿ 23 \v `qa-[y-tc-J-

bn¬ FØpw. AXn\p apºv \nß-fpsS kvIqfn\p apI-fnepw

FØpw. AXv F∂m-sW∂v Is≠-Øm-\p≈ ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw

\S-Ø-Ww. \£X \nco-£-W-Øn\v sXfn™ BImiap≈

kabw ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww. G‰hpw DNn-X-amb kabw

P\p-hcn, s^_p-hcn amk-ß-fm-Wv. BKÃv, sk]v‰w-_¿,

Unkw-_¿ am-k-ßfpw ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Hmtcm ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw G¿s∏-Sp-tºmƒ Ub-dn-°p-dn∏v Fgp-

X-Ww. Xmsg sIm-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂ ]Imcw FgpXn-bmtem?

am‰-ßfpw BImw.

$ sNbvXp t\m°nb ]h¿Ø\w

$ XobXn

$ Rm≥ cp]o-I-cn® Adn-hp-Iƒ/ t\Snb Ign-hp-Iƒ

$ C\nbpw hy‡X t\tS≠ Imcy-߃

$ F\n°v A-dn-bm≥ IuXp-I-ap≈ Imcy-߃

]h¿Ø-\-߃ apgp-h≥ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p∂ Iq´p-Im¿°pw kvIqfn\pw ]tXyI kΩm-\-ß-fp-≠v. ]h¿Ø-\-

߃ sNbvXp t\m°p-tºmƒ kwi-b-ap≈ Imcy-߃ So®-dn-t\mSv tNmZn-°-Ww. IqSp-X¬ hnh-c-߃ Adn-bp-

hm≥ Cu ]h¿Ø\ ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ Ah-km\w sImSp-Øn-cn-°p∂ hy‡n-I-fp-ambn _‘-s∏-S-Ww.

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D≈-S°w

\º¿ ]h¿Ø\w t]Pv \º¿ ]q¿Øo-I-cn® XobXn

1 Fs‚ BImi Nn¥-Iƒ 10

2 Ie-≠-dnse Ifn-Iƒ Imcy-߃ 11

3 ]Ir-Xn-bnse ]n≥tlmƒ s]mP-IvSdp-Iƒ 12

4 \ap-s°mcp am¥nI°ÆmSn D≠m-°mw 13

5 kqcy-Z¿in\n 14

6 AIsebmsW-¶nepw 16

7 Aºnfnamas‚ ho´n¬ 18

8 _ln-cm-Imi°∏-en-te-dm≥ 24

9 ta¬hn-emkw Ipdn°mw 25

10 ¢m n¬ Hcp KlW°mgvN 26

11 ]q¿W kqcy-K-lWw 27

12 kam¥c`qan 29

13 Hcp apJw amXw IÆn¬ 32

14 Nµs‚ hr≤n-£-b-߃ 33

15 Aºtºm kuc-bqYw 35

16 ]mb-w Iq´mw Ipdbv°mw... 37

17 Xe- I-d-ßpt∂ 38

18 A¤p-X-s∏-tS≠, \n߃°pw km[n°pw 39

19 `qan Dcp≠XmWv 43

20 `qanbpsS `aW\nc°v Af°mw 45

21 ka-bcY-Øn¬ 46

22 `qans°¥p hep∏w 48

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\º¿ ]h¿Ø\w t]Pv \º¿ ]q¿Øo-I-cn® XobXn

D≈-S°w

23 A\mIvk tKmdkv 50

24 `qans°X hep∏w 52

25 apI-fntem Xmsgtbm 53

26 ""DØcw'' FhnsS 54

27 BwKnƒ UmwKnƒ ao‰¿ 55

28 [ph-\-£-X-sØ ho£n-°mw 58

29 \£-X-°pS 59

30 A£mwiw Is≠Ømw 60

31 hc-bv°m-Ø -tc-J-Iƒ 62

32 kqcy-L-Sn-Imcw \n¿an°mw 63

33 Ab-\-I-e-≠¿ 65

34 kqcy≥ kvIqfn\p apI-fn¬ 67

35 P∑-\-£-Xhpw Rm‰p-th-e-bpw 69

36 Im¿Øn-I-tbm-Sv 72

37 \£-X-ßsf \nco-£n°mw 74

38 kz¥-ambn Hcp πm\-t‰-dnbw 75

39 hnZqcam]n\n 76

40 A\p]mXw Is≠Ømw 79

41 Nµ≥ FX aSßv AIse 80

42 coXn ]eXv, A\p]mXw H∂v 81

43 kqcy-ap-JØpw If-¶-߃ 82

44 Nm]\ofhpw Bchpw XΩnep≈ A\p]mXw 83

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Fs‚ BImi Nn¥-Iƒ

cmXn-bnse sXfn™ am\w t\m°n-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Fs¥ms° Nn¥-I-fmWv D≠m-Ip-

∂Xv? FX-sbX tNmZy-ß-fmWv a\- n-eqsS IS∂p t]mIp-∂-Xv?

\£-X-ßfpw Nµ\pw Hcp-t]m-se-bmtWm? Fß-s\-bmWv Ah hyXym-k-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂Xv?

Nµ≥ hep-Xmbn ImWp-∂Xv F¥p-sIm≠v? \£-X-߃ CX sNdp-Xmbn ImWp∂Xv F¥p-sIm-

≠mWv? `qan-bn¬ \n∂pw ImWmØ Nµs‚ adp-hiØv Ccp- mtWm? Nne-t∏m-sgms° BIm-i-

Øp \n∂pw Xmtg°p an∂¬ t]mse Fcn™p t]mIp-∂Xv F¥mWv? GsX-¶nepw hm¬ \£Xw

BIm-iØv AXn-Yn-bmbn ASpØ Ime-sØ-ßm\pw FØptam? hm¬\-£Xw \£-X-ß-fn¬

\n∂pw Fßs\ hyXym-k-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p? sIm≈n-ao\pw hm¬\£-Xhpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXym-k-

߃ Fs¥ms°? Nµ-\nepw a‰v BIm-i-tKm-f-ß-fnepw Fs∂-t∏mse Ipkr-Xn-°p-Sp-°-I-fp-≠m-

Iptam? Nµ-bm≥ hnt£-]n-®Xv Fß-s\-bmWv? AXns‚ hnhn[ L´-߃ Fs¥m-s°-bmWv?

F∂mWv Hcp `mc-Xo-b≥ Nµ-\n¬ Imep-Ip-Øp-∂Xv? Cßs\ FX FX tNmZy-߃.... C\n-bp-

ap≠mIpat√m. AXp-IqSn Ipdn®p hbv°q.

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Iq´p-Im-cp-ambpw So®-dp-ambpw apXn¿∂-h-cp-ambpw \nß-fpsS tNmZy-߃

]¶p-sh-bv°q. \nco-£n®pw ]co-£-W-߃ \S-Ønbpw

]pkvX-I-߃ hmbn®pw CXnse ]h¿Ø-\-߃ sNbvXpw DØ-c-߃ tXSq.

Aßs\ ]]-©sØ hmbn-®-dn-bq.

]hÀ¯\w 1

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]hÀ¯\w 2

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Ie-≠-dnseIe-≠-dnseIe-≠-dnseIe-≠-dnseIe-≠-dnse

Ifn-Iƒ Imcy-߃Ifn-Iƒ Imcy-߃Ifn-Iƒ Imcy-߃Ifn-Iƒ Imcy-߃Ifn-Iƒ Imcy-߃

2009 Pq¨ 14 se NX-b-Øn-t\mSv hn-i-Zo-I-cn-°mtam?

F√m-hcpw Fgp-Xn-bXv H∂p-X-s∂-bmtWm? G‰hpw IqSp-X¬

hnh-c-߃ Is≠-Øn-b-Xm-cmWv? C\nbpw hnh-c-߃ Is≠Øm-\pt≠m?

Fßs\ e`n°pw? I-e-≠-dn¬ \n∂p Xs∂ hnh-c-߃ In´ptam?

Pq¨ 15 ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I.

hep-∏- hyXym-kap≈ A°-ß-fp-sS kqN\ Ie-≠-dn¬ \n∂p Xs∂ e`n-°p-∂pt≠m?

Ch Hmtcm∂pw F¥ns\ kqNn-∏n-°p∂p F∂v Is≠-Ømtam?

ka-bw, Znh-kw, h¿jw F∂n-ßs\ IuXp-I-ap≈ [mcmfw hnh-c-߃ Ie-≠-dn-ep-≠v. \n߃ FX-

sbÆw Is≠Øn? GsXm-s°-bm-sW∂v IqSn Fgp-XpI?

Ie-≠-dnse I≈n-Iƒ I≠n´nt√? Hmtcm If-Ønepw

hepXpw sNdp-Xp-amb [mcmfw A°-ßfpw A£-c-ßfpw

hm°p-Ifpw Nn”-ßfpw I≠n-cn-°p-a-t√m?

Rm≥ NX-bw,

Fs‚ Np‰pw Bscms° ? Fs¥ms° ?

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kma-Kn-IÄ2009

Pq¨am-ksØ

Ie-≠¿

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]hÀ¯\w 3

hr£-ß-fpsS XW-en¬ t\m°q. Ce-Iƒ°n-S-bn-eqsS

Acn-®n-d-ßp∂ ]Imiw Xd-bn¬ hrØm-Ir-Xn-bn¬ ImWp-∂-

sX-¥p-sIm-≠mWv?

X∂n-cn-°p∂ Im¿Un¬ hrØw, XntIm-Ww, NXpcw F∂o

BIr-Xn-Ifn¬ Zzmc-߃ D≠m-°q. Xmsg ]d-bp∂ Af-hp-I-fn-

emWv Zzmc-߃ D≠m-t°-≠-Xv.

$ hrØ-Øns‚ hymkw ˛ 1 -sk.ao

$ XntIm-W-Øns‚ hi-߃ ˛ 1 sk.ao hoXw

$ NXp-c-Øns‚ hi-߃ ˛ 1 sk.ao hoXw

Xd-bn¬ \n∂v 5 sk.ao AIse Im¿Uv ]nSn®v ]Xn_nw_-Øns‚

BIrXn \nco-£n-°q. Xd-bn¬ \n∂v Im¿Uv apI-fn-te°v Db¿Øn

]Xn-_nw--_-ß-fpsS BIrXn \nco-£n--°q. Ct∏mƒ ]Xn-_nw-_-ß-

fpsS BIrXn F¥mWv? F¥mWnXn\p ImcWw?

]Ir-Xn-bnse ]n≥tlmƒ s]mP-IvSdp-Iƒ

kma-Kn-IÄ$ Im¿Uv

$ I´nwKv tªbvUv

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]hÀ¯\w 4

\ap-s°mcp am¥nI°ÆmSn D≠m-°mw

Hcp Z¿∏Ww FSp-°p-I. Z¿∏-W-Øns‚ hep-∏-Øn¬ IdpØ IS-

em-sk-SpØv AXn¬ \n∂pw hnhn[ BIr-Xn-bn-ep≈ cq]߃

sh´n am‰pI. (Xn-tIm-Ww, NXp-cw, hrØw XpS-ßn-b-h) AXn\p

tijw I-dpØ IS-emkv Z¿∏-W-Øn¬ H´n®v kqcy\v t\sc Ncn®p

]nSn®v kqcy-]-Imiw `nØn-bntem kvIo\ntem ]Xn-∏n-°p-I.

]Xn-_nw_Øns‚ BIrXnIƒ Fßs\ ? Hcpt]mse-bmtWm?

hyXy-kvX-amtWm?

Z¿∏-Whpw `nØnbpw XΩn-ep≈ AIew Iq´p-Ibpw Ipd-bv°p-

Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ F¥v am‰amWv D≠m-Ip-∂Xv?

]Xn-_nw-_Øns‚ ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ Fgp-Xp-I.

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am¥nI°ÆmSn D]-tbm-Kn®v Syq_v sse‰ns‚ ]Im-isØ FXn¿h-i-Øp≈ `nØn-bn-te°v ]Xn- -en-

∏n®p t\m°pI. \nco-£W ^ew Fs¥∂v Fgp-Xp-I.

kma-Kn-IÄ

$ Z¿∏-W-߃

$ Idp--Ø-t]-∏¿

$ IXnI

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Page 11: Galileo little scientist

]hÀ¯\w 5

kqcy-Z¿in\n

hyXykvX BIr-Xn-bn-ep≈ Z¿∏-W-߃ D]-

tbm-Kn®v kq-cys‚ ]Xn-_nw_w `n-Ønbn¬

]Xn-∏n®v khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ \n-co-£n-®t√m? Z¿∏-

W-Øns‚ BIr-Xn-°-\p-k-cn®v kqcy-]Xn_nw-

_-Øns‚ BIr-Xnbpw amdntbm? Z¿∏Ww

ssIbn¬ ]nSn®v `nØn-bn¬ Hcp \n›nX

ÿm\Øv ]Xn-_nw_w ]Xn-∏n-°m≥

]bmkw tXm∂n-bnt√? CXv Fßs\ ]cn-l-

cn°mw?

Z¿∏Ww Hcp Ãm‚n¬ Dd-∏n-®m¬

]Xn-_nw_w \n›nXÿm\Øv ]Xn-∏n-°m≥

Ignbnt√? \ap°v ian-®p t\m°mw.

CS-Øcw hep-∏-ap≈ Hcp πmÃn°v ]¥v FSp-°p-I. ]¥n\v apI-fn¬ 2 sk. ao ka--N-Xp-cm-

Ir-Xn-bn¬ hc®v 3 hiw sh´nb tijw sh´mØ `mK-tØbv°v aS-°p-I. ]¥n¬ ]Ip-Xn-tbmfw

aW¬ \nd®v sh´nb mKw ]q¿∆-ÿn-Xn-bn-em°n ]m°nwKv tS∏v D]-tbm-Kn®v Zzmc-a-S-bv°p-I. tS∏v

D]-tbm-Kn®v Hcp IjWw Z¿∏Ww ]¥n¬ Dd-∏n-°p-I. ]¥v Hcp hf-b-Øn\p ta¬ shbv°p-I.

sNehv Ipd-™, Zo¿L-\mƒ \ne-\n-ev°p∂ kqcy-Z¿in\n Xøm¿.

kma-Kn-IÄ

$ πmÃn°v ]¥v

$ aW¬

$ sktem-tS-∏v

$ hfbw

$ Z¿∏-W-Øns‚IjWw

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GXp Zni-bn-tebv°pw A\m-bmkw Xncn®pshbv°m≥ Ign-bp∂ efn-X-amb kqcy-Z¿in\n B-bt√m?

`nØnbpw kqcy-Z¿in-\nbpw XΩn-ep-≈ Zqcw hyXym-k-s∏-SpØn ]Xn-_nw-_-ß-fp-≠m°n t\m°q. ]Xn-

_nw-_-Øns‚ hymkhpw Zqchpw Hmtcm Xh-Wbpw A-f∂v Zqchpw hymkhpw XΩn-ep≈ A\p-]m-X-߃

ImWp-I.

Fs¥-¶nepw _‘w I≠p ]nSn-°m-\m-hptam? \nK-a-\-߃ Fgp-Xp-I.

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AIsebmsW-¶nepw..

AI-se-bp≈ hkvXp-°sf ASp-Øp-Im-Wm≥ km[n-°ptam? Hcp sSen-kvtIm∏v \n¿an-

°p-∂Xv Fß-s\-sb∂p t\m°mw.

1. Icp-tX≠ km[-\-߃

1. H_vP-IvSohvv se≥kv (tIm¨shIvkv se≥kv 50 sk.-ao. t^m°¬ Zqcw, 50 an√o ao‰¿

hymkw)

2. sF]okv se≥kv (tIm¨shIvkv se≥kv, 5 sk.-ao. t^m°kv Zqcw, 38 an√o ao‰¿

hymkw)

3. ]n.-hn.-kn. tkm°‰v ˛ 50 an√o ao‰¿ x 50 an√o ao‰¿ ˛ 1

4. ]n.-hn.kn. tkm°‰v ˛ 38 an√o ao‰¿ x 38 an√o ao‰¿ ˛ 1

5. ]n.-hn.-kn. ss]∏v ˛ 50 an√o ao‰¿ Ub-ao-‰¿ , \ofw ˛ 45 sk.ao.

6. ]n.-hn.-kn. ss]∏v ˛ 38 an√o ao‰¿ Ub-ao-‰¿ , \ofw ˛ 15 sk.-ao.

7. sdUyq-k¿ ˛ 50 an√o ao‰¿ x 40 an√o ao‰¿

2. \n¿amWw

50 an√o ao‰¿ x 40 an√o ao‰¿ sdUyq-k-dn¬ 38 an√o ao‰¿ ss]∏v kpK-a-ambn Ibdn Cd-

ßn-t]mIpwhn[w ssK≥Up sNbvsX-Sp-°p-I.

H_vP-IvSohv se≥kpw sF]okv se≥kpw AXmXv tkm°‰pIƒ NqSm°n Ah-bn¬

IrXy-ambn Cd-°n-h-bv°p-I.

50 an√o ao‰¿ ss]∏ns‚ (45 sk.-ao. \ofw) Hc-‰Øv H_vP-IvSohv se≥kv LSn-∏n®v tkm°‰v

Dd-∏n-°p-I.

AIsebmsW-¶nepw..

]hÀ¯\w 6

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Page 14: Galileo little scientist

38 an√o ao‰¿ ss]∏ns‚ (\ofw 15 sk.-ao.) Hc-‰Øv sF]okv LSn-∏n®v tkm°‰v Dd-∏n-°p-

I. 50 an√o ao‰¿ ss]∏ns‚ adp-h-iØv sdUyq-k¿ LSn-∏n-°p-I. 38 an√o ao‰¿ ss]∏v

sdUyq-k-dn-eqsS hÆw IqSnb ss]∏ns‚ D≈n-tebv°p IS-Øp-I. B `mKw kmh-[m\w

apt∂m´pw ]nt∂m´pw \o°n hnZqc hkvXp-°-fpsS Xe-Xn-cn™ IrXy-amb ]Xn-_nw_w

In´p∂Xp-hsc IaoIcn-°pI.

(ImgvN IrXy-am-°m≥ Hcp sNdnb IjWw ss]∏v (38 mm ss]∏v) sF]okn\v tijw

LSn-∏n-°p-I. 25 ss]k Xp´ns‚ hep-∏-Øn¬ Im¿Uvt_m¿Un¬ Hcp Zzmcw \n¿an®v H_vP-

IvSohv se≥kns‚ hymkw amXw ImWm-hp-∂n-SØv ss]∏n\p≈n¬ Dd-∏n-®m¬ Ncn-™p-h-

cp∂ ]Im-iØns‚ -ieyw Hgn-hm-°mw)

B dn ] t‚m

N I ¬ a

X i e c

^m k K sk

5

2

3

6

4

1

kqcy≥ Ign-™m¬ \·-t\Xw sIm≠v ImWm-hp∂, `qan-tbmSv G‰phpw ASpØ \£-X-ta-sX-∂-dn-bmtam?

1 apX¬ 6 hsc A£-c-߃

tN¿sØ-gpXn t\m°q.

\ΩpsS Cu Ab¬ \£Xw `qan-bn¬

\n∂pw FX-b-I-se-bm-sWt∂m?

4.3 ]Im-i-h¿jw

sdUyq-k¿ 50 x 40

tkm°‰v 50 x 50

tkm°‰v 38 x 38

ss]∏v 50 sk.aoss]∏v 15 sk.ao

14

Page 15: Galileo little scientist

""Aºnfnamas‚ ho´nepw \ΩpsS

AΩmh≥am¿ Nne¿ t]mbnh∂p

A©mdpI√pIftX \aps°mcp

k©nbn¬ ama≥ sImSpØb®p''

Iq´pIm¿°dnbt≠? Aºnfnama\nte°p≈ bmXbpsS hntijßfdnbm≥ X∂ncn°p∂

hnhcWw hmbn°pat√m? \n¿t±in®ncn°p∂ ]h¿Ø\߃ sNøm\pw ian°Ww.

Nµs\tØSn

NcnXw

1957 HIvtSm_¿ 4 \v tkmhnb‰v djy hnt£]n® kv]pSv\nIv ˛ 1 F∂ IrXna D]Klw

`qansb hew sh®tXmsS _lncmImibpKØn\v \mµnbmbn. 1961 G]n¬ 12 \v bqdnKKmdn\pw

Hcpamkw Ign™v Atacn°°mc\mb Ae≥._n.sjt∏¿Upw _lncmImibmX \SØn. CtXmsS

_lncmImiw a\pjys‚ Im¬°ognembn.

Aºnfnamas\ Iogvs∏SpØpI F∂Xmbn ASpØ e£yw. djy "eq\' ]cºcbnse 24

hml\ßfpw "tkm¨Uv ' ]cºcbnse 7 hml\ßfpw Aºn-fn-am-as\ e£yw-sh-®-b®p.

Atacn°bmIs´ "td©¿' ]cºcbn¬ 7 Dw "k¿t∆b¿' ]cºcbn¬ 7Dw "Hm¿_n‰¿' ]cºcbn¬

5 Dw "FIvkvtπmd¿ ' ]cºcbn¬ H∂pw At∏mtfm ]cºcbn¬ 13 Dw hml\߃ AXn-\m-bn

hnt£]n-®p.

]h¿Ø\w 7

Aºnfnamas‚ ho´n¬

$ Aºnfnamas‚ ho´n¬t]mb

AΩmh≥am¿ Bscms°bmWv?

$ Ah¿ GXp hml\ØnemWv

t]mbXv?

15

Page 16: Galileo little scientist

a\pjys\ Nµ\nend°phm≥ Ign™ns√¶nepw

djybpsS " eq\' ]cºc Hcp]mSv t\´ßfp≠m°n.

"eqW' 16 Bfn√msXXs∂ Nµ\nse aÆv `qan-bn-se-

Øn®p. eq\ ˛17, eq\ ˛ 20 F∂nh ep\mtJmZv ˛ 1,

eq\mtJmZv 2 F∂o c≠v tdmhdpIƒ (tdm-t_m v Po∏p-

Iƒ) Nµ\nend°n.

At∏mtfm ]≤XnbpsS \mƒhgnIƒ

Nmµ]cyth£W cwKØv h≥IpXn®p Nm´ap≠mbXv " At∏mtfm' (Project Apollo)]≤XnbneqsSbmWv. Nµs\ e£y-am°n IpXn® BZysØ At∏mtfm hml\amb At∏mtfm ˛4,

1967 \hw_¿ 9 \v hnt£]n°s∏´p. 110 ao‰¿ Dbcap≈ AXniIvXamb " kmt‰¨ ˛ 5' (Saturn -5)tdm°‰pIfmWv At∏mtfm hml\ßsf hntj]n°phm≥ D]tbmKn®Xv. a\pjys\ Nµs‚

kao]sØØn°phm\pw `qanbnte°v aS°n sIm≠phcphm\pap≈ "Iam‚ v samUyqƒ' (Command

Module), Nµ\nendßphm\p≈ "eqWm¿ samUyqƒ' (Lunar Module) F∂nh tN¿∂XmWv At∏mtfm

hml\w. aq∂v t]¿°v bmX sNøphm\p≈ kuIcyap≠v At∏mtfm hml\Øn\v. c≠v t]¿

eqWm¿ samUyqƒ hgn Nµ\nendßpw, aq∂masØbmƒ Iam‚ v samUyqfns\ Nµs‚ `aW

]YØn¬ \nb¥n°p∂p. Nmµ]cyth£WØn\v tijw Nµ\n¬ \n∂pw IpXn®pbcp∂ epWm¿

samUyqƒ, Nmµ`aW ]YØnep≈ Iam‚ v samUyqfpambn k‘n°p∂p. Ah¿ Iam‚ v

tamUyqfnte°v Xncn®p IbdpIbpw Nµ\n¬ \n∂p tiJcn® NmµaÆpw ]mdbpw Iam‚ v

tamUyqfnte°v Ib‰pIbpw sNbvXtijw epWm¿ samUyqfns\ Iam‚ v samUyqfn¬ \n∂pw

th¿s∏SpØn Nµs‚ `aW]YØn¬ Dt]£n°p∂p. CXv Nµs‚ D]cnXeØn¬ CSn®p hogp∂p.

Iam‚ v samUyqƒ aq∂v t]scbpw sIm≠v `qansb e£yam°n IpXn°p∂p. `qanbpsS 16 Io.ao

apIfnseØptºmƒ ]mcNyq´v \nh¿∂v Iam‚ v samUyqƒ ISen¬ ]Xn°p∂p. I∏epw

slentIm]vSdpw D]tbmKn®v bmXn-Isc IcbnseØn°p∂p. 21 ZnhksØ Quarantine\v tijw

Ahsc ]pdØnd°p∂p.

At∏mtfm 4,5 ,6 F∂nh Bfn√mØhbpw kmt‰¨ tdm°‰ns‚ i‡n

]co£n°phm\p≈hbpambncp∂p. a\pjys\ Dƒs∏SpØnb BZyhnt£]Ww At∏mtfm ˛7

Bbncp∂p. F∂m¬ 1967 P\phcn 27 \v ]co£Wm¿∞w AXn¬ Ign™ncp∂ FUvthUv ssh‰v,

sh¿Pn¬Knkw, tdmP¿ Nm^n F∂nh¿ Iam‚ v samUyqfn\IØp≠mb

16

Page 17: Galileo little scientist

Xo]nSpØw aqew sh¥pacn®p. XpS¿∂v CXn\v At∏mtfm ˛1 F∂v ]p\¿\maIcWw sNbvXp

(At∏mtfm˛ 2,3 \ºcpIfn¬ hnt£]Wan√mbncp∂p)

ASpØ At∏mtfmbv°pw At∏mtfm 7 F∂pXs∂ t]cv \¬In. 1968 HIvtSm_¿ 11˛mw

XobXn hmƒ´¿jnd, tUm¨ sFkven, hmƒ´¿ IÆnwKvlmw F∂nhtcbpw sIm≠v At∏mtfm

7 IpXn®pb¿∂p. 10 Znhkhpw 21 aWn°qdpw `qansb Np‰n HIvtSm_¿ 22˛mw XobXn `qanbn¬

Xncns®Øn.

^m¶v t_m¿am≥, Pnwtemh¬, hneyw B≥tUgvkv F∂nhsc hln®p sIm≠v At∏mtfm

˛8, 1968 Unkw_¿ H∂n\v IpXn®pb¿∂p. AXv Nµs‚ `aW]YØnseØpIbpw 109 Io.an

DbcØn¬ 10 ]mhiyw Nµs\ Np‰pIbpw sNbvXp. a\pjys\ hln®p sIm≠v Hcp hml\w

BZyambn `qanbpsS `aW]YØn\∏pdØv FØp∂Xv At∏mtfm ˛ 8 eqsSbmWv.

1969 am¿®v 3 \v hnt£]n°s∏´ At∏mtfm 9 ¬ Pbnwkv aIvUhn‰v, tUhnUv kvtIm v,

d ¬ ssjz°m¿´v F∂nh¿ 10 Znhkw `qan°p Np‰pap≈ `aW]YØn¬ sNehgn®p. Iam‚ v

samUyqfnt\bpw ep\m¿samUyqfnt\bpw XΩn¬ Iq´ntbmPn∏n°phm\pw th¿s∏SpØm\pw

km[n®p F∂XmWv Cu ZuXyØns‚ t\´w.

1969 sabv 18 \v At∏mtfm ˛ 10 hnt£]n°s∏´p. tXmakv Ãmt^m¿Uv, tPm¨ bwKv,

bpPo≥ sk¿\m≥ F∂nhcmbncp∂p bmX°m¿. AXv Nµs\ 31 ]mhiyw ]Z£nWw

shbv°pIbpw Nµs‚ 14.5 In.anhsc ASpØp sN√pIbpw sNbvXp. Nµs\ ]Z£nWw

shbv°p∂ c≠masØ a\pjyklnXt]SIambncp∂p At∏mtfm ˛10. a\pjys\

Nµ\nend°m\mbncp∂p At∏mtfm ˛ 11 apXep≈ hnt£]W߃.

At∏mtfm ˛ 11

1969 Pqsse 16 \v C¥y≥ kabw cmhnse 7.02 \v At∏mtfm

˛ 11 bmXbmcw`n®p. \o¬ BwtÃmMv, FUvhn≥ BƒUn≥,

ssa°ƒ tImfn≥kv F∂nhcmbncp∂p bmXnI¿. ]e ]mhiyw

]Z£nWw sNbvX tijw Pqsse 20 \v cmXn 11.47 \v (C¥y≥

kabw) CuKnƒ eq\m¿ samUyqƒ, sImfw_nb F∂ Iam‚ v

samUyqfn¬ \n∂pw th¿s]´v 21 \v shfp∏n\v C¥y≥ kabw 1.48

\v Nµ\nendßn.

17

Page 18: Galileo little scientist

Iam‚dmbncp∂ \o¬ BwkvtSmßv 8.27 \v Nµ\n¬ ImepIpØn. At∏mƒ

At±lw ]d™ hm°pIƒ NcnX ]kn≤ambn. " Hcp a\pjy\v sNdnb

Hcp Im¬shbv∏v, am\hcmin°v alØmsbmcp IpXn®p Nm´hpw (One

small step for a man, One giant leap for Mankind). 19 an\n´v Ign™v

BƒUn\pw Nµ\nendßn. a\pjy≥ BZyambn Nµ\nendßnb Znhkw

NmµZn\ambn BNcn°p∂p.

2 aWn°q¿ 48 an\n´v Ntµm]cnXeØn¬ sNehgn® Ah¿ 20.87 IntemKmw ]mdbpw aÆpw

tiJcn°pIbpw hnetbdnb ]co£W D]IcW߃ ÿm]n°pIbpw sNbvX tijw aSßn. 24 \v cmXn

10.20 \v \n›nX kabØp Xs∂ Iam‚ v samUyqƒ ]k^nIv kapZØn¬ ]Xn®p. kpc£n-X-cmbn Xncn-

s®-Ønb KK\ k©m-cn-Isf temIw Bthi]q¿∆w hc-th-‰p.

At∏mtfm ˛ 12

1969 \hw_¿ 14 \v At∏mtfm 12

hnt£]n®p. Nmƒkv tIm¨dmUv,

Ae≥_o≥, dn®m¿Uv tKm¿U≥

F∂nhcmbncp∂p bmXnI¿.

tIm¨dmUpw _o\pw \hw_¿ 19 \v

Nµ\nendßn. 34 In.Kmw ]mdbpw aÆpw

tiJcn®p ZuXyw hnPbIcambn

]q¿Ønbm°nb tijw \hw_¿ 24 \v

im¥kapZØn¬ kmtamh Zzo]n\p

kao]w At∏mtfm ˛ 12 \n]Xn®p. 7

aWn°q¿ 46 an\n´mWv At∏mtfm 12 se

bmXnI¿ Ntµm]cnXeØn¬ Cdßn

\S∂Xv.

At∏mtfm ˛ 13

1970 G]n¬ 11 \v C¥y≥ kabw cmXn 12.43 \mWv At∏mtfm ˛ 13 ]pds∏´Xv. Pbnwkv temh¬,

s^Uv sslkv, Pm°v sskzK¿´v F∂nhcmbncp∂p bmXnI¿. HmIvknP≥ Sm¶ns‚ ]pdsØ

]mfns]m´nsØdn®Xp aqew Nµ\nte°p≈ bmX XpScm≥ \nhrØnbn√msX G]n¬ 17 \v Ah¿ im¥

kapZØnendßn. Aßs\ am¿Kat[y A]ISw ]nW™mepw Hcp _lncmImi hml\sØ Xncn®p

sIm≠phcm≥ km[n°pw F∂v hy‡am°p∂Xmbncp∂p At∏mtfm ˛ 13 s‚ Xncns®Ø¬.

18

Page 19: Galileo little scientist

F∂ hml\w D]tbmKn®XmWv At∏mtfm 14 s‚

G‰hpw henb ]tXyIX. 43.5 In.Kmw ]mdbpw

aÆpw tiJcn®p. s^_phcn 1 \v shfp∏n\v 2.35 \v At∏mtfm ˛ 14 im¥kapZØn¬

kpc£nXambndßn.

At∏mtfm ˛ 15

1971 Pqsse 26\v 7.04\v hnt£]n®p. bmXnI¿˛ tUhn-UvkvtIm- v, Pbnwkv C¿hn≥, B¬^Uv

th¿U≥. Pqsse 31 \v shfp∏n\v 3.46 \v tUhn-UvkvtIm- v, Pbnwkv C¿hn≥ F∂nh¿ Nµ\nendßn. 18

aWn°q¿ 46 an\n´v Nµ\n¬ sNehgn®v 78 In.Kmw ]mdbpw aÆpw tiJcn®p. BZyambn

Ntµm]cnXeØn¬ NmµPo∏v (Lunar Rover) D]tbmKn®p F∂XmWv At∏mtfm ˛15 s‚ ][m\

t\´w. BKÃv 7 \v shfp∏n\v 2.37 \v At∏mtfm ˛ 15 im¥kapZØn¬ kpc£nXambndßn.

At∏mtfm ˛ 14

hnt£]Ww 1971 s^_phcn 1 \v cmhnse

C¥y≥ kabw 2.33

bmXnI¿ ˛ Ae≥sjt∏¿Uv, FUvKm¿

an®¬, Ãph¿´v dq .

Nµ\nendßnbXv ˛ s^_phcn 5 \v 2.48

\v, sjt∏¿Upw an®epw.

9 aWn°qdpw 23 an\n´pw Nµ\n¬

sNehgn®p. MET (Modularised Equipment Transporter)

19

Page 20: Galileo little scientist

At∏mtfm ˛ 16

1972 G]n¬ 16 cmXn 11.24 \v hnt£]n®p. tPm¨ bwKv,

Nm¿fn Uyq°v, tXmakv am‰nw•n F∂nhcmbncp∂p bmXnI¿.

G]n¬ 21 \v cmXn C¥y≥ kabw 10.26 \v tPm¨bwKpw

Nm¿fnUyq°pw Nµ\nendßn. 20 aWn°q¿ 41 an\n´v Nµ\n¬

sNehgn®v 95.3 In.Kmw ]mdbpw aÆpw tiJcn®p. eq\m¿ tdmh¿

At∏mtfm ˛ 16 \pw D]tbmKn®p. G]n¬ 27 \v At∏mtfm ˛ 16

]k^nIv kapZØn¬ h∂ndßn.

At∏mtfm ˛ 17

hnt£]Ww ˛ 1972 Unkw-_¿ 7 cmXn C¥y≥ kabw 11.03

bmXn-I¿ ˛ bpPn≥ sk¿\m≥, lmcn-k¨ kvanØv, sdmWmƒUv Chm≥kv

Unkw-_¿ 12 \v shfp-∏n\v 1.25 \v sk¿\m\pw kvanØpw Nµ-\n-en-d-ßn. 22 aWn-°q¿ 4 an\n‰v Nµ-

\n¬ sNe-h-gn®v 118 In.Kmw ]mdbpw aÆpw tiJ-cn-®p. Nmµ-Po∏v D]-tbm-Kn-®p.

Unkw-_¿ 20 \v C¥y≥ kabw ]I¬ 11.55 \v ]k- nIv kap-Z-Øn¬ ]Xn-®p.

At∏mtfm 18,19,20 F∂nh _P‰v \nb-¥Ww ImcWw hnt£-]Ww \S-ØmsX At∏mtfm 17 HmSp IqSn

Nmµ-]-cy-th-£Ww Ah-km-\n-∏n-®p.

]h¿Ø-\-߃

Iq´p-Im-cp-samØv Nmµ-Zn\m-N-cWw

kwL-Sn-∏n-°-Ww. Fs¥ms° ]h¿Ø-\-ß-

fm-Imw.

$ Nmµ-Zn\ ¢mkv

$ t^mt´m Kmedn / ]Z¿i\w

$ Nµ-\p-ambn _‘-s∏´ IS-¶Y tiJ-cWw

$ _ln-cm-Imi Iznkv

$ kn.Un ]Z¿i-\-߃

$ kuc-bqY amXrI \n¿Ωm-Ww

$ Nµ-bm≥ skan-\m¿

$ PohNcn-X-ti-J-cWw˛ _ln-cm-Imi bmXn-

I¿.

Aßs\ \nc-h[n ]h¿Ø-\-߃ Bkq-XWw sNbvXv \S-∏n-em-°mw. 20

Page 21: Galileo little scientist

]h¿Ø\w 8

_ln-cm-Imi°∏-en-te-dm≥

_____ln-cm-Imi°∏-en-te-dm≥ln-cm-Imi°∏-en-te-dm≥ln-cm-Imi°∏-en-te-dm≥ln-cm-Imi°∏-en-te-dm≥ln-cm-Imi°∏-en-te-dm≥

\nßfpw IqSpt∂m Iq´p-Imtc\nßfpw IqSpt∂m Iq´p-Imtc\nßfpw IqSpt∂m Iq´p-Imtc\nßfpw IqSpt∂m Iq´p-Imtc\nßfpw IqSpt∂m Iq´p-Imtc

AΩphpw N¥phpw tkm\bpw ko\bpwAΩphpw N¥phpw tkm\bpw ko\bpwAΩphpw N¥phpw tkm\bpw ko\bpwAΩphpw N¥phpw tkm\bpw ko\bpwAΩphpw N¥phpw tkm\bpw ko\bpw

km[\ kma-Kn- m-WvU-am°nkm[\ kma-Kn- m-WvU-am°nkm[\ kma-Kn- m-WvU-am°nkm[\ kma-Kn- m-WvU-am°nkm[\ kma-Kn- m-WvU-am°n

am\-Øn≥ HmcsØ ImgvN-Iƒ ImWphmam\-Øn≥ HmcsØ ImgvN-Iƒ ImWphmam\-Øn≥ HmcsØ ImgvN-Iƒ ImWphmam\-Øn≥ HmcsØ ImgvN-Iƒ ImWphmam\-Øn≥ HmcsØ ImgvN-Iƒ ImWphm

\mIm-i-I-∏-en-seØn thKw\mIm-i-I-∏-en-seØn thKw\mIm-i-I-∏-en-seØn thKw\mIm-i-I-∏-en-seØn thKw\mIm-i-I-∏-en-seØn thKw

Xmc-I-apØp sImcp-sØmcmhm\-Øn¬,Xmc-I-apØp sImcp-sØmcmhm\-Øn¬,Xmc-I-apØp sImcp-sØmcmhm\-Øn¬,Xmc-I-apØp sImcp-sØmcmhm\-Øn¬,Xmc-I-apØp sImcp-sØmcmhm\-Øn¬,

NµnI sas√sbmgp-In-sb-Øn.NµnI sas√sbmgp-In-sb-Øn.NµnI sas√sbmgp-In-sb-Øn.NµnI sas√sbmgp-In-sb-Øn.NµnI sas√sbmgp-In-sb-Øn.

hnkva-b-s®∏v Xpd-s∂mcp t\cØvhnkva-b-s®∏v Xpd-s∂mcp t\cØvhnkva-b-s®∏v Xpd-s∂mcp t\cØvhnkva-b-s®∏v Xpd-s∂mcp t\cØvhnkva-b-s®∏v Xpd-s∂mcp t\cØv

Iq -Im¿ IuXpIw ]q≠p \n∂p.Iq -Im¿ IuXpIw ]q≠p \n∂p.Iq -Im¿ IuXpIw ]q≠p \n∂p.Iq -Im¿ IuXpIw ]q≠p \n∂p.Iq -Im¿ IuXpIw ]q≠p \n∂p.

_ln-cm-Im-i-tØ°v Hcp- bmX!

k¶-ev]n®p t\m°q.

\n߃ Bsc-sbms° Iq´pw?

Fs¥ms° kma-Kn-Iƒ sIm≠p t]mIpw?

F¥n-\m-Wnh sIm≠p t]mIp-∂Xv?

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

GXp-Kl-Øn-en-d-ßm-\mWv \n߃°njvSw?

F¥p-sIm≠v? Fs¥ms° ]Tn-°m-\m-WnjvSw?

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................

bmX-bpsS XpS°w apX¬ Xncn-s®-Øp-∂-Xp-hscbp≈ F√m Hcp-°-ßfpw A\p-`-h-

ßfpw k¶-ev]n-s®-gp-Xq. \nß-fpsS ¢mkn-ep≈ F√m Iq´p-Im-tcmSpw Fgp-Xm≥ ]d-b-Ww.

So®-tdmSpw A—-t\mSpw AΩ-tbmSpw A\p-P-t\mSpw G´-t\mSpw Fgp-Xm≥ ]dbmw. Ch

tiJ-cn®v ]Xn-∏m°q. at\m-l-c-amb Ih¿t]Pv D≠m-°-Ww.

]Xn-∏n\v t]cp sImSp°m≥ ad-°-cp-tX.

Kl-ß-sf-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ Adn-bm≥ Iq´mbn ian-°-Ww.

hnh-c-߃ ]¶p-sh-bv°-Ww. teJ-\-߃ Xøm-dm-°Ww

21

Iev]-\-Nuf

Page 22: Galileo little scientist

at‰-sX-¶nepw Hcp Kme-Ivkn-bn¬ a\p-jy-hm-k-ap-s≠∂v Icp-Xp-I; AhnsS \n߃°v Hcp

Nßm-Xn-bpw. B Iq´p-Im-c≥/ Iq´p-Im-cn \n߃°v Hcp IØ-b®p F∂v k¶-ev]n-°p-I. F¶n¬

kplrØv \n߃°-b® IØn¬ \nß-fpsS ta¬hn-emkw Fßs\bmbn-cn°pw Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°pI?

FgpXn t\m°q.

To.............................................................

..............................................................

..............................................................

..............................................................

..............................................................

..............................................................

..............................................................

..............................................................

..............................................................

..............................................................

¢m- n¬ Iq´p-Im¿ Fgp-Xn-bn--cn-°p-∂-Xp-ambn HØp t\m°p-I. C\nbpw Iq´n-t®¿t°-≠-Xp-

t≠m. So®-dp-ambn N¿® sNøp-I.

C\n Hcp km-¶-ev]nI imkvX IY Fgp-Xn-bmtem?

BIm-i-Kw-K-bnse GtXm Hcp Kl-Øn¬ \n∂pw `qanbnse-Øp∂ Pohn-Isf k¶-ev]n®v

Hcp IY Xøm-dm-°q. Iq´p-Imsc hmbn®v tIƒ∏n-°pIbpw thWw.

]h¿Ø\w 9

ta¬hn-emkw Ipdn°mw

22

Page 23: Galileo little scientist

]hÀ¯\w 10

¢m n¬ Hcp KlW°mgvN

kma-Kn-IÄ$ Iºn-bn¬ Dd-∏n®

AXm-cy-amb ]¥v

(d-∫¿ ]¥v)

$ kqcy-Z¿in\n

$ Nm¿ v t]∏¿

-K -l-W-ß-sf-°p-dn®v \n߃°v Adn-hp-≈-Xm-Wt√m?

Nµ-K-lWw t\cn´v Bkz-Zn-°m-hp∂, BIm-isØ at\m-l-c-amb \ng¬ \mS-I-am-Wv. F∂m¬ kqcy-

K-lW \nco-£-W-Øn\v ap≥I-cp-X-ep-Iƒ Bh-iy-ap≠v.

¢m n¬ \ap-s°mcp kqcy-Kl-W-ImgvN Hcp°mw?

]h¿Ø\w

aq≥Iq´n Xøm-dm-°nb kqcy-Z¿in\n D]-tbm-Kn®v kqcys‚

]Xn_nw_w Npa-cn¬ H´n® Hcp t]∏-dn¬ ]Xn-∏n-°p-I.

Npa-cn¬ ]Xn-∏n® ]Xn_nw-_sØ BImisØ kqcy\mbn k¶ev]n-

°q. BIm-isØ kqcy-K-lW ImgvN km[y-am-°m≥ kqcy-_nw-_sØ

ad-bv°p∂ Nµ≥ IqSn thWw. Iºn-bn¬ Dd-∏n® d∫¿ ]¥v Nµ-\mbn ]cn-K-Wn-°mw.

]q¿W-kq-cy-K-l-W-Øn\v Nµ\pw `qan-bp-am-bp≈ AIew hfsc ][m-\-am-Wv. Ah t\¿tcJ-bn¬

Bbn-cn-°-W-sa∂Xv ]tXyIw ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-t√m. ¢m n¬ ]q¿W kqcy-K-l-Ww, heb kqcy-K-l-

Ww, `mKnI KlWw Ch Zriy-am-°m≥ kqcy-Z¿in-\n-bn¬ \n∂v Npa-cn¬ ]Xn-°p∂ kqcy-]-Xn-_nw-

_-Øn\pw kqcy-Z¿in-\n-bv°p-an-S-bn¬ Iºn-bn¬ Dd-∏n® ]¥v ]Imi -]m-X-bn-eqsS apt∂m´pw

]nt∂m´pw kmh-[m\w Nen-∏n-°p-I.

$ Npa-cn¬ ]q¿W KlWØns‚ ]XoXn D≠m-Ip-∂Xv Bkz-Zn-°q. ]q¿W K-lWw D≠m-

Iptºmƒ ]Im-i-]m-X-bn¬ Nµs‚ (I-ºn-bn¬ Dd-∏n® ]¥v) ÿm\w Fhn-sS-sb∂v a\- n-

em-°p-I.

$ Npa-cn¬ heb KlWØns‚ Zriyw D≠m-Ip∂ Ah-k-c-Ønepw Nµs‚ ÿm\w Is≠Øq.

$ `mKnI Kl-W-߃ Fß-s\--sb√mw Zriy-amhpw F∂v Nµs\ Nen-∏n®v Is≠Øp-I.

23

Page 24: Galileo little scientist

Hcp a\p-jym-bp n¬ h-√-t∏mgpw amXw ImWm≥ Ign-bp∂

\ng-¬ \mS-I-amb, ]q¿Æ kqcy-K-l-WØns‚ clkyw

C∂p \ap-°-dn-bmw.

1995 HIvtSm-_¿ 24 \v kqcy-K-lWw D≠m-b-t∏mƒ tIc-

f-Ønse ]e ]tZ-iØpw P\-߃ P\-ep-Ifpw hmXn-ep-

Ifpw sIm´n-b-S®v hoSn-\p-≈n-en-cp∂p. Nne-bn-SØv InW-dp-

Iƒ Sm¿t]m-fn≥ D]-tbm-Kn®v aqSn-bn-cp-∂p-h-tX. F∂m¬

DØ-tc-¥y-bnse ]e Kma-ß-fn¬ t]mepw P\-ß-ƒ

imkvX⁄≥am-cpsS klm-b-tØmsS tkmfm¿ n¬‰¿ D]-tbm-Kn®v kqcy-K-lWw Bkz-

Zn-®p. ]_p≤ tIc-f-Øn¬ KlW kabØv C\nbpw CØcw kw -h-߃ Bh¿Øn®p

IqSm.

2009 Pqsse 22- \v ho≠pw KlWw

C¥y-bn¬ C≥tUm¿, t`m∏m¬, ]mSv\

XpS-ßnb ÿe-ß-fn¬ ]q¿Æ kqcy-

K -lWw \nco -£n-°m≥ Ignbpw.

F∂m¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ `mKn-I-ambn

amXta Cu kqcy-K-lWw \nco-£n-

°p-hm≥ Ign-bpIbp-≈q. kqtcym-Zbw

apX¬ GI-tZiw cm-hnse 7 aWn 15

an\p´v hsc. \ap°pw kqcy-K-lWw

ImWmw.

]q¿W kqcy-K-lWw

kma-Kn-IÄ$ ]n≥tlmƒ s]mP-IvS¿

$ kqcy-Z¿in\n

$ sSen-kvtIm∏v s]mP-IvS¿

$ tkmfm¿ ^n¬‰¿

$ hn F¬ F v F¬ se≥kv

]hÀ¯\w 11

24

ap∂-dn-bn∏v

KlW ka-bØv t]mepw

kqcys\ t\cnt´m sSe-kvtIm-

∏n-eq-sStbm t\m°-cp-Xv.

Page 25: Galileo little scientist

1. Aep-an-\nbw t^mbn¬ D]-tbm-Kn®v

tkmfm¿ ^n¬‰¿ \n¿Ωn-°mw. G‰hpw

Npcp-ßn-bXv aq∂v ASp-°p-I-sf-¶n-ep-ap-

s≠∂v Dd∏phcp-ØWw.

2. kqcy-Z¿in\n (t\-csØ \n¿Ωn®p h®n-

´p -≈-Xv) D]-tbm -Kn®v e`n -°p∂

]Xn--_nw_w \nco-£n°mw.

3. sSen-kvtIm∏v D]-tbm-Kn®v ]Xn-_nw_w

kvIo\n¬ ]Xn-∏n®v kqcy-K-lWw

\nco-£n-°mw.

IqSp-X¬ Nn¥n°mw

1. kqcy-K-l-W-th-f-bn¬ ac-Øns‚ Ce-I-fpsS CS-bn-eqsS Xd-bn¬ cq]-s∏-Sp∂ ]Xn-_nw_w

Fßs\ ImW-s∏-Sp∂p?

2. F√m Aam-hm-kn-\m-fnepw kqcy-K-l-W-ap-≠m-Ip-∂pt≠m?

3. F√m kqcy-K-l-Whpw ]q¿W-K-l-W-am-Im-Ø-sX-¥p-sIm≠v?

25

IÆn\v A]-ISw hcmsX kqcy-K-lWw ImWm-\p≈ am¿§-߃

Page 26: Galileo little scientist

`qan°v AXns‚ A®pX≠n¬ `aWw

sNøp∂Xn\v Hcp Znhkhpw kqcys\

hewshbv°p∂Xn\v Hcp h¿jhpw thWsa∂v

\ap°dnbmw. CXp imkvXobambn a\- n-em-

°m≥ Hcp kam¥c `qan IqSpX¬

klmbIamIpw.

kam¥c `qan Fßs\ \n¿Ωn°mw?

Ãm‚pw A®pX≠pw am‰nb Hcp t•m_ns‚ kpjncßfneqsS t\m°nbm¬ AIsebp≈

Hcp hkvXphns\ ImWm≥ Ignbpat√m. [ph\£XsØ ImWØ°coXnbn¬ Hcp sSd ns‚

apIfn¬ CØcw t•m_ns\ IaoIcn°q. ZzmcØneqsS [ph\£XsØ t\m°ns°m≠v

t•m_ns\ Id°n C¥ybpsS `q]Sw apIfn¬ hcp∂Xpt]mse IaoIcn°pI. Ct∏mƒ \mw

\n¬°p∂ ]tZihpw (tIcfw) amXrIbnse tIcfhpw kam¥cambncn°pw (CXbpw

]h¿Ø\߃ \StØ≠Xv cmXnbnemWv.)

Cu IaoIcWØn\v am‰w hcpØmsX XpS¿∂p≈ ]h¿Ø\߃ sNøpI. a[ym”

kabØv kqcy≥ tIcfØnt‚bpw kam¥c `qanbnse tIcfØnt‚bpw D®nbnembncn°pw.

`qanbn¬ hnhn[ ÿeßfn¬ ImWn°p∂ kabw Xs∂bmbncn°pw kam¥c qanbnse hnhn[

ÿeßfn¬ ImWn°p∂Xv. Cu amXrIbmWv kam¥c `qan.

kam¥c `qan D]tbmKn®p≈ ]h¿Ø\߃

ap≥]d™ IaoIcWØn¬ `qanbptSbpw kam¥c `qanbptSbpw A®pX≠pIƒ

kam¥cambncn°pat√m. Hcp ]√nSIpØn FSpØv t•m_n¬ tIcfØns‚ apIfnembn (a[y`mKw)

IpØs\ \n¿ØpI. ]√nSIpØnbpsS \ng¬ t•m_ns‚ apIfn¬ cq]s∏Sp∂Xv i≤n°pI.

]√nSIpØn°v ]Icw Xos∏´nIºmbmepw aXn.

NnXØn¬ ImWp∂Xp t]mse Hcp apfhSn kam¥c `qanbpsS ASpØv IpØs\

\n¿ØpI. AXp≠m°p∂ \ng¬ i≤n°q. apfhSnbpsS apI-fKhpw AXns‚ \ngepw

XΩn¬ tbmPn∏n®p≠m°p∂ XntImWtØbpw t•m_n¬ sh®ncn°p∂ sNdptImens‚ AKhpw

]h¿Ø\w 12

kam¥c`qan

26

Page 27: Galileo little scientist

AXns‚ \ngepw XΩn¬ tbmPn®p≠mIp∂ XntImWtØbpw k¶ev]n°pI. Ah kZri

XntImWßfmbncn°pw. AXmbXv \mw \n¬°p∂ ÿeØns‚ kuckabhpw \Ωƒ sNdptIm¬

IpØnb ÿeØns‚ kuckabhpw H∂p Xs∂bmbncn°pw.

kam¥c `qanbnse \ngepw shfn®hpw t\m°n GXp cmPyØmWv kqcy≥

DZn®psIm≠ncn°p∂sX∂pw GXp cmPyØmWv AkvXan®p sIm≠ncn°p∂sX∂pw Is≠ØpI.

`qÿnc D]KlØn¬ \n∂v `qansb ImWp∂Xn\v kam\ambn´mbncn°pw kam¥c`qansb

\mw ImWpI.

[qh\£XsØ ImWØ°hn[Øn¬ t•m_ns\ IaoIcn°p∂Xn\v ]bmkap≠v. tIcfw

GXm≠v 80 apX¬ 120 hsc A£mwiØnemWv. [ph≥ NIhmftØmSv tN¿∂v \n¬°pw. sX°≥

tIc-f-Øn¬ ImWm≥ ]bm-k-amWv. _lp\ne sI´nSØns‚ sSdkn¬ Ibdn ian°mw. F∂m¬

t]mepw \Kc]tZißfn¬ cmXn-bn¬ Xo£vW]ImiØns‚ ieyw ImcWw [phs\ Is≠∂p

hcn-√.

CXv adnIS°m≥ am¿Ksamt∂bp≈q. ]h¿Ø\w sNøp∂ ÿesØ A£mwiw AdnbWw,

IrXyamb hS°v AdnbWw. t•m_ns‚ A£tØmSv BwKnƒ UmwKnƒ ao‰¿ tN¿Øphbv°Ww.

kam¥cZnibn¬ \n∂v A£mwiØn\p Xpeyamb tIm¨ apIfnte°v Xncn®v IrXyamb

hS°pZnibnte°v A£w Nq≠Ww. tIcfw t•m_ns‚ apIfn¬ hcØ°hn[w t•m_v Xncn°Ww.

t•m_v Nen°msX Dd∏n®tijw A£ambp]tbmKn® ZWvUpw BwKnƒ UmwKnƒ ao‰dpw am‰mw.

27

Page 28: Galileo little scientist

Adn-™Xpw Adn-bm-ØXpw

]¥≠p ]h¿Ø-\-߃ Ign-™-t∏mƒ F\n°v A\p- -h-s∏- -sX-s¥√mw?

..............................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................

C\n-bp-sa-s¥m-s°-bmWv Rm≥ Adn-tb-≠Xv?

..............................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................................................

28

Page 29: Galileo little scientist

tPymXnimkvX]T\sØ°pdn®v IqSpX¬ Adnbm≥kwib߃ ZqcnIcn°m≥ Chcpambn _‘s∏SpI.

hnjbImtcym]tZiwhnjbImtcym]tZiwhnjbImtcym]tZiwhnjbImtcym]tZiwhnjbImtcym]tZiw

$ Dr.hnthIv a≥tSdntbm ˛ 9869361602

(\h\n¿ΩnXn, apw_bv)

$ s]m^. sI.]m∏p´n ˛ 9447445522

(UbdIvS¿, tÉv C≥Ãn‰yq v Hm v

F≥sskt¢m]oUnIv ]ªnt°j≥kv)

$ io.hn._meKwKm[c≥ ˛ 0471˛2362079

(kb‚nÃv, hnIwkmcm`mbn

kvs]bnkv sk‚¿, Xncph\¥]pcw )

$ Dr.tKmUvs^ eqbnkv ˛ 9847124092

(t]m-- sshkv Nm≥kne¿, CUSAT,sIm®n)

$ s]m^. _meIrjvW≥ \mb¿ ˛ 9895207063

$ io.sI. io\nhmkI¿Øm ˛ 9447104909

(FIvknIyq´ohv F©n\nb¿)

$ s]m^. Sn.B¿.cXv\w ˛ 9446709067

$ ioaXn.KoXm almjm_vtZ ˛ 9822614682

(\h\n¿ΩnXn, apw_bv)

$ Dr.Sn.C.Kncojv ˛ 9446967462

(ske£≥ tKUv eIvNd¿, nknIvkv

Un∏m¿ vsa‚ v, bqWnthgvkn‰n tImtfPv

Xncph\¥]pcw )

]h¿Ø\߃ Xømdm°nbXv]h¿Ø\߃ Xømdm°nbXv]h¿Ø\߃ Xømdm°nbXv]h¿Ø\߃ Xømdm°nbXv]h¿Ø\߃ Xømdm°nbXv

$ io.at\mPv sI.]n ˛ 9446352439

$ io.kp_“Wyw.kn ˛ 9446692295

$ io.aplΩZv C√ymkv.sI ˛ 9475200510

$ io.A_vZpƒ K^q¿ sI.hn.Fw ˛ 9447684888

$ io.ioIpam¿ kn.Pn. ˛ 9447801130

$ io.APncmP≥]n≈.sI ˛ 9495239033

$ ioaXn.kcbqtZhn sI.B¿ ˛ 9446687300

$ io.h¿Kokv amXyq ˛ 9446418835

$ io.cmtPjv.Fkv ˛ 9447694838

$ io.io[c≥.F ˛ 9496361716

$ io.s_∂n.Sn.hn ˛ 9446379963

$ io.kPn tP°∫v ˛ 9995415069

$ io.sI.Sn.tPm¿÷v ˛ 9847333864

\n¿∆lW ta¬t\m´w\n¿∆lW ta¬t\m´w\n¿∆lW ta¬t\m´w\n¿∆lW ta¬t\m´w\n¿∆lW ta¬t\m´w

io.sI.iin[c≥

tÉv t]mPIvSv UbdIvS¿ (I/C), Fkv.Fkv.F -˛ 9495213833

Dr. sI.F≥. B\µ≥ (I¨k¬´‚ v)

io.Sn.]n.Iem[c≥ (tÉv Akn. t]mKmw Hm^ok¿, Fkv.Fkv.F)

io.kn.Im¿ØntIb≥ (tÉv Akn. t]mKmw Hm^ok¿, Fkv.Fkv.F)

io.kn.inhcma≥ \mb¿ (^n\m≥kv & A°u≠vkv Hm^ok¿, Fkv.Fkv.F)

tIm˛ Hm¿Unt\‰¿tIm˛ Hm¿Unt\‰¿tIm˛ Hm¿Unt\‰¿tIm˛ Hm¿Unt\‰¿tIm˛ Hm¿Unt\‰¿

io.B¿.]k∂Ipamc]n≈ (tÉv Akn. t]mKmw Hm^ok¿, Fkv.Fkv.F)

teHu v teHu v teHu v teHu v teHu v Fkv.-kPn, Gcq¿ tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW-]n≈

Unssk≥Unssk≥Unssk≥Unssk≥Unssk≥˛ ˛ ˛ ˛ F.-sI.-tKm-]n-Zm-kv

k¿∆in£m A`nbm≥ Xømdm°n

s]mXphnZym`ymkhIp∏n\pth≠n

]kn≤oIcn°p∂Xv

tPymXnimkvX

]T\ ]h¿Ø\߃

]q¿ØoIcn®v apt∂dp∂

kvIqfpIƒ°pw

Ip´nIƒ°pw

Keoentbm Ahm¿UpIƒ

Icÿam°mw.

KeoentbmAhm¿UpIƒ

Page 30: Galileo little scientist

`mcX-Øns‚ ]Ya Nµ-Zu-Xy-amWv Nµ-bm≥˛1. iol-cn-t°m-´-bnse kXo-jv[-hm≥ kvt]kv

sk‚-dn¬ \n∂pw HIvtSm-_¿ 22- mw XobXn ]n.-F-kv.-F¬.hn ˛ kn 11 hml-\-Øn¬ hnt£-]n® Nµ-

bm≥ ˛1 \hw-_¿ 8˛mw XnbXn Nµs‚ `a-W-]-Y-Øn-seØn. Cu ZuXy-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ e£y-߃

1. Nµ-s\-°p-dn®v imkvXo-b-amb IqSp-X¬ Adnhv kºm-Zn-°p-I.

2. _ln-cm-Imi cwKØv C¥y-bpsS kmt¶-XnI anIhv Db¿Øp-I.

3. ]pXnb Xe-ap-dbnse C¥y≥ imkvX⁄sc Klm-¥c Kth-jW cwKØv ]pXnb sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ

t\cn-Sm≥ k÷-cm-°p-I.