2Flux of solar energystriking atmosphere

S Rπ⎛ ⎞

=⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠

S = solar constant = 1,370 W/m2

R = radius of earth = 6.378 x 106 m

From Masters and Ela (2008)

2Energy flux due to reflectionby atmosphere and earth

S Rα π⎛ ⎞

=⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠

( ) 2Energy flux1

absorbed by earthS Rα π

⎛ ⎞= −⎜ ⎟

⎝ ⎠

From Masters and Ela (2008)

8 2 45.67x10 W m -Kσ −=

( )2 4Flux of energy radiated4

from earth to space eR Tσ π⎛ ⎞

=⎜ ⎟⎝ ⎠

o o254 K 19 C 2 FeT = = − = −

( ) ( )2 2 41 4 eS R R Tα π σ π− =

Actual Tavg = 288 K = 15oC = 59oF; ΔT = 34oC

σ = Stephan-Boltzmann constant:

From Masters and Ela (2008)

From Masters and Ela (2008)

From Masters and Ela (2008)

From Masters and Ela (2008)