Formula Booklet: Physics

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Formula Booklet: Physics Mechanics Average velocity Δ Δ s v t = unit: 1 ms Average acceleration Δv Δ a t = unit: 2 ms Equations of uniformly accelerated motion 0 v v at = + 2 0 0 2 a s s v t t = + + Force F ma = Elastic force Δ F k s =− k: spring constant Momentum Definition p mv = unit: -1 kg m s Δ Δ F t m v = for constant m Δ Δ p F t = Work and Energy Δ W F s = unit: joule J 2 2 2 1J 1Nm 1kg m s = = Kinetic energy 2 kin 1 2 E mv = Change in kinetic energy 2 kin Δ Δ 2 mv E W = = Energy stored in an initially unstretched spring ( ) 2 1 Δ Δ Δ 2 2 k W E F s s = = = Potential gravitational energy pot Δ Δ E F s mgh =− = in a uniform field 1 2 pot mm E G r =− in a radial gravitational field Electrical potential Energy π 1 2 pot 0 4 QQ E r = Mechanical energy of charge Q2 (Q1) in circular motion around Q1 (Q2) π 1 2 mech 0 8 QQ E r = Electron Volt unit: eV Energy equivalent to that of an electron accelerated from rest by a potential difference of 1 V Uniform Circular Motion Angle dr = unit: rad (radian) d: arc length, r: radius Angular velocity Δ Δ v t r = = unit: rad s -1 or 1 s Period π 2 1 T f = = Centripetal acceleration 2 2 cent v a r r = = Centripetal force 2 2 cent mv F m r r = = Simple Harmonic Motion Definition F kx =− ( ) sin x A t = Velocity ( ) cos v A t = Acceleration ( ) 2 2 sin a A t x =− =− where π π 2 2 f T = = Energy 2 2 1 2 E mA = Gravitation Gravitational force 1 2 G 2 mm F G r = G: universal gravitational constant 2021-01-D-19-en-6 Formula Booklet - Physics S6-S7 Version 6

Transcript of Formula Booklet: Physics

Page 1: Formula Booklet: Physics

Formula Booklet: Physics

Mechanics

Average velocity Δ

Δ

sv

t= unit: 1m s−

Average acceleration Δv

Δa

t= unit: 2m s−

Equations of uniformly accelerated motion

0v v a t= +

2

0 02

as s v t t= + +

Force F m a=

Elastic force ΔF k s= − k: spring constant

Momentum

Definition p m v= unit: -1kgm s

Δ ΔF t m v= for constant m

Δ

Δ

pF

t=

Work and Energy

ΔW F s= unit: joule J

2 2 21J 1Nm 1kg m s−= =

Kinetic energy 2

kin

1

2E m v=

Change in kinetic energy

2

kinΔ Δ2

m vE W

= =

Energy stored in an initially unstretched spring

( )21

Δ Δ Δ2 2

kW E F s s= = =

Potential gravitational energy

potΔ ΔE F s m g h= − = in a uniform field

1 2pot

m mE G

r= −

in a radial gravitational field

Electrical potential Energy π

1 2pot

04

Q QE

r=

Mechanical energy of charge Q2 (Q1) in circular motion around Q1 (Q2)

π

1 2mech

08

Q QE

r=

Electron Volt

unit: eV Energy equivalent to that of an electron accelerated from rest by a potential difference of 1 V

Uniform Circular Motion

Angle d r = unit: rad (radian) d: arc length, r: radius

Angular velocity Δ

Δ

v

t r

= = unit: rad s-1 or

1s−

Period π2 1

Tf

= =

Centripetal acceleration 2

2

cent

va r

r= =

Centripetal force 2

2

cent

m vF m r

r= =

Simple Harmonic Motion

Definition F k x= −

( )sinx A t=

Velocity ( )cosv A t =

Acceleration ( )2 2sina A t x = − = − where π π2 2f T = =

Energy 2 21

2E m A =

Gravitation

Gravitational force 1 2G 2

m mF G

r=

G: universal gravitational constant

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Electricity and Magnetism

Electric field intensity F

EQ

= unit: 1 11NC 1V m− −=

Work done by electric force ( )AB A BΔW Q U Q U U= = −

Electric potential AA

EU

Q=

Electric field Intensity due to a point charge π 24

QE

r=

ε: unit: 1F m−

permittivity of the mediumin which the experiment is conducted

Force between two point charges π

1 2

24

Q QF E Q

r= =

Capacitance Q

CU

= unit: farad F

11F 1C V−=

Parallel plate capacitor A

Cd

=

Energy stored in a charged capacitor

22

2 2 2

Q C QE U U

C= = =

Parallel circuits 1 2 3...C C C C= + + +

Series circuits 1 2 3

1 1 1 1...

C C C C= + + +

Time constant T R C=

Magnetic Induction or Magnetic Flux Density Δ sin

FB

I L =

unit: tesla T

1 11T 1N A m− −=

Magnetic Induction due to a solenoid

N IB

L=

Permeabilityr 0

=

π 7 1

0 4 10 T m A − −=

Lorentz force LsinF B q v =

Magnetic flux B A = where B ⊥ A unit: weber Wb

21Wb 1T m 1V s= =

Induced electromotive force Δ Δ

Δ Δ

A BU B v I

t t

= − = − =

inductance, self and mutual Symbol ,L M unit: henry H

1 11H 1Vs A 1WbA− −= =

in one circuit d d

d d

IU L

t t

= −

between two circuits d d

d d

IU M

t t

= −

Waves

Progressive wave πsin 2t x

y AT

= −

Refractive index of a Medium '

cn

c=

wave speed ... c: ... in vacuum c’: ... in the medium

Path difference PA PB = −

unit: meter m

at a point P, where A and B are the positions of two coherent sources

Doppler effect Δ

,f v

v cf c

= v: speed of approach c: wave speed

Quantum Mechanics

Work function 0W

unit: joule J The minimum energy to extract an electron from a given metal’s surface

Photon energy E h f= h: Planck constant

Photon momentum h

p

=

De Broglie wavelength h h

p m v = =

Atomic mass unit Symbol u 1 u = 1/12 mass of a Carbon-12 atom

Mass-energy equivalence 2E m c=

Binding energy 2ΔE m c= −

Radioactive Decay

Activity d

d

NA

t= −

unit: becquerel Bq

11Bq 1s−=

Decay constant 1 d

d

A N

N N t = = − unit: s-1

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Page 3: Formula Booklet: Physics

Notes for inclusion with the Physics Formula booklet

October 2020

Purpose

This formula booklet is intended as a memory aid for students, in order to facilitate testing of

understanding and application of concepts in the light of the competence-based marking

system.

It relates to the current S6-S7 syllabus with reference 1998-D-45-Physics Syllabus S6-S7.

This list of formulae is not exhaustive. Other formulae, or alternative versions of the given

formulae, may be used by students where appropriate.

Notation

It is recognised that different national systems use a variety of symbols and notation having

the same meaning. The notation chosen for this formula booklet is in line with the S6 S7

syllabus.

Permitted use

This booklet is intended for all students in S6 and S7 in the Physics course, throughout their

2 years of study.

It is recommended that teachers go through this document in class in order to make the

students familiar with the layout and content, pointing out where the notation differs from

that used in class.

Students may have access to the booklet during in-class tests at the discretion of the teacher.

Clean copies on coloured paper will be distributed to all students for all Physics exams

in S6 and S7, including the Pre-Bac exams and the European Baccalaureate’s written and oral

exams.

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