Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents ªí ...Data collection was done by the...

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Transcript of Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents ªí ...Data collection was done by the...

Page 1: Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents ªí ...Data collection was done by the Rorschach test to assess characteristic traits, the Standard Progressive Matrices to

Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents Wimonwan Panyawong at el.

J Psychiatr Assoc ThailandVol. 53 No. 3 July - October 2008 271

ªí®®—¬∑’Ë¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈µàÕ°“√°√–∑”º‘¥´È”¢Õ߇¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥«‘¡≈«√√≥ ªí≠≠“«àÕß «∑.¡. *, °π°√—µπå ÿ¢–µÿߧ– °».¡., «∑.¡. **,

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Page 2: Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents ªí ...Data collection was done by the Rorschach test to assess characteristic traits, the Standard Progressive Matrices to

«‘¡≈«√√≥ ªí≠≠“«àÕß ·≈–§≥–

«“√ “√ ¡“§¡®‘µ·æ∑¬å·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ªï∑’Ë 53 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 3 °√°Æ“§¡ - °—𬓬π 2551272

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J Psychiatr Assoc Thailand 2008; 53(3): 271-283

* Faculty of Graduate Studies, Clinical Psychology Program, Department of Psychiatry,Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University.

** Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University.

Factors Influencing Recidivism ofJuvenile DelinquentsWimonwan Panyawong M.Sc. *, Kanokrat Sukhatunga M.Ed., M.Sc. **,

Gobhathai Kunarak M.D. **

Abstract

Objective: To study individual factors and social and environmental factors influencing recidivism

of juvenile delinquents.

Method: The study group comprised 168 juvenile delinquents at Baan Karuna and Baan Pranee

Juvenile Observation and Protection Centers (137 males and 31 females) who had history of

recidivism. Data collection was done by the Rorschach test to assess characteristic traits, the

Standard Progressive Matrices to assess IQ, and structured interview conducted by questionnaire in

order to assess other individual, social and environmental factors.

Results: Result revealed that individual factors comprised of characteristic traits of immaturity and

identity confusion. They often interpreted and managed life situation in a superficial approach and

without thought. Results also found emotional problems regarding poor impulse control which led

to problem relating to adjustment and interpersonal relationships. Result also found that they

generally had an average IQ and above but low education and low income, like their parents.

Regarding social and environmental factors, although they had broken homes, they had good

relationships with family members. The peer group who had criminal records and drug use history

also influenced to the juveniles.

Conclusion: Results have shown that a projective test as the Rorschach test can expand the data

from interviewing in the areas of cognitive, affective, and expressive domains which provide a

deeper understanding the juveniles. This brought to promote program of increasing awareness for

self-improvement.

Keywords: recidivism, juvenile delinquents, Rorschach test

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Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents Wimonwan Panyawong at el.

J Psychiatr Assoc ThailandVol. 53 No. 3 July - October 2008 273

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ªí®®—¬À≈—°Àπ÷Ëß §◊Õ ≈—°…≥– à«π∫ÿ§§≈¢Õß

‡¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥´È” ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπÕ“¬ÿ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–

Õ“¬ÿ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡§√—Èß·√°2,3 ≈—°…≥–π‘ —¬ ·≈–√–¥—∫

‡™“«πåªí≠≠“4-6 πÕ°®“°π—ÈπÕ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õß —ߧ¡·≈–

¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡√Õ∫µ—«¢Õ߇¬“«™π°≈ÿà¡π’È°Á‡ªìπÕ’°ªí®®—¬

Àπ÷Ëß∑’ˉ¥â√—∫§«“¡ π„® ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ §√Õ∫§√—« ∑—Èß„π

‡√◊ËÕß≈—°…≥–∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õß∫‘¥“¡“√¥“ ‚§√ß √â“ߢÕß

§√Õ∫§√—« ·≈–ªØ‘ —¡æ—π∏å¿“¬„π§√Õ∫§√—«6,7 √«¡∑—Èß

Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õß°≈ÿࡇæ◊ËÕπ ‚¥¬‡©æ“–‡æ◊ËÕπ∑’Ë¡’ª√–«—µ‘

°√–∑”º‘¥6,8 πÕ°®“°π’Ȭ—ß¡’°“√»÷°…“Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈¢Õßªí®®—¬

·«¥≈âÕ¡Õ◊ËπÊ ‡™àπ ¿“æ™ÿ¡™π∑’ËÕ¬ŸàÕ“»—¬ ∂“π¿“æ

∑“ß —ߧ¡·≈–‡»√…∞°‘® ·≈–‚√߇√’¬π6,7

≈—°…≥–π‘ —¬ (characteristic trait) ¢Õ߇¬“«™π

ºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥´È” ‡ªìπÕ’°ªí®®—¬Àπ÷Ëß∑’˺Ÿâ«‘®—¬„À⧫“¡ π„®

Õ¬à“ß¡“° «‘∏’°“√Àπ÷Ëß∑’ˇªìπ∑’Ëπ‘¬¡„π°“√»÷°…“≈—°…≥–

Page 4: Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents ªí ...Data collection was done by the Rorschach test to assess characteristic traits, the Standard Progressive Matrices to

«‘¡≈«√√≥ ªí≠≠“«àÕß ·≈–§≥–

«“√ “√ ¡“§¡®‘µ·æ∑¬å·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ªï∑’Ë 53 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 3 °√°Æ“§¡ - °—𬓬π 2551274

ªí®®—¬∑’Ë¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈µàÕ°“√°√–∑”º‘¥´È”¢Õ߇¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥

«— ¥ÿ·≈–«‘∏’°“√ª√–™“°√„π°“√«‘®—¬§√—Èßπ’È ‡ªìπ‡¬“«™π∑—Èß™“¬

·≈–À≠‘ß∑’ËÕ¬Ÿà√–À«à“߇¢â“√—∫°“√Ωñ°Õ∫√¡¿“¬„π

»Ÿπ¬åΩñ°·≈–Õ∫√¡‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π™“¬∫â“π°√ÿ≥“

·≈–»Ÿπ¬åΩñ°·≈–Õ∫√¡‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™πÀ≠‘ß∫â“πª√“π’

µ“¡‡°≥±å°“√§—¥‡≈◊Õ°°≈ÿࡵ—«Õ¬à“ß §◊Õ ¡’Õ“¬ÿµ—Èß·µà

Õ“¬ÿ 14 ªï∫√‘∫Ÿ√≥å¢÷Èπ‰ª ·≈–µâÕ߇ªìπ‡¬“«™π∑’Ë∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡

¡“·≈â«¡“°°«à“ 1 §√—Èߢ÷Èπ‰ª æ∫«à“¡’®”π«π√«¡∑—Èß ‘Èπ

168 §π ‡ªìπ‡¬“«™π™“¬ 137 §π ·≈–‡¬“«™πÀ≠‘ß

31 §π

‡§√◊ËÕß¡◊Õ∑’Ë„™â„π°“√«‘®—¬ ‰¥â·°à

1) ·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ à«πµ—« ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬

2 à«π §◊Õ ªí®®—¬ à«π∫ÿ§§≈ ÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—Ë«‰ª

·≈–ª√–«—µ‘°“√°√–∑”º‘¥¢Õ߇¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥ ·≈–

ªí®®—¬∑“ß —ߧ¡·≈– ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡ ´÷Ëߪ√–°Õ∫¥â«¬

¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§√Õ∫§√—« ‡æ◊ËÕπ ·≈– ¿“æ·«¥≈âÕ¡

2) ·∫∫∑¥ Õ∫√Õ√噓§ (Rorschach test)

ª√–°Õ∫¥â«¬ ¿“æÀ¬¥À¡÷° 10 ¿“æ „π°“√»÷°…“§√—Èßπ’È

„™â«‘∏’°“√„À⧖·ππµ“¡√–∫∫¢Õß Bruno Klopfer

‚¥¬„™â —≠≈—°…≥凪ìπµ—«Õ—°…√ ·∫àßÕÕ°‡ªìπ 4 À¡«¥ §◊Õ

location, determinant, content ·≈– popularity «‘∏’°“√

·ª≈º≈·≈–«‘‡§√“–À委µÕ∫ ·∫à߉¥â‡ªìπ 2 ·∫∫ §◊Õ

°“√«‘‡§√“–À凙‘ߪ√‘¡“≥§”µÕ∫ (quantitative analysis)

·≈–°“√«‘‡§√“–À凙‘ߧÿ≥¿“æ (qualitative analysis)

3) ·∫∫∑¥ Õ∫ Standard Progressive

Matrices (SPM) ¢Õß J.C. Raven ‡ªìπ·∫∫«—¥

‡™“«πåªí≠≠“∑’ˇªìπ°“√·°âªí≠À“¥â«¬‚®∑¬å∑’Ë¡’≈—°…≥–

‡ªìπ√Ÿªº—ß (diagrammatic puzzle) ‚¥¬‰¡àÕ“»—¬°“√„™â

¿“…“查 (nonverbal) ¡’∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 60 ¢âÕ13

¥”‡π‘π°“√‡°Á∫√«∫√«¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‚¥¬ºŸâ«‘®—¬·≈–

ºŸâ™à«¬«‘®—¬ ´÷Ë߉¥âΩñ°·≈–∑”§«“¡‡¢â“„®‡°’ˬ«°—∫«‘∏’°“√

·≈–¢—ÈπµÕπ„π°“√¥”‡π‘π°“√‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡√’¬∫√âÕ¬·≈â«

¡“™à«¬¥”‡π‘π°“√‡°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ ‡√‘Ë¡®“°°“√∑” IQ test ®“°

Standard Progressive Matrices ‚¥¬∑”‡ªìπ°≈ÿà¡Ê ≈–

‰¡à‡°‘π 30 §π µ“¡§«“¡ –¥«°„π°“√§«∫§ÿ¡¥Ÿ·≈

¢Õ߇®â“Àπâ“∑’Ë»Ÿπ¬åΩñ°œ ·≈– ∂“π∑’Ë „™â‡«≈“ª√–¡“≥

30 π“∑’ ®“°π—Èπ·∫à߇°Á∫¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈‡ªìπ√“¬∫ÿ§§≈ ‚¥¬‡¬“«™π

·µà≈–§π®–‰¥â√—∫°“√ —¡¿“…≥å·∫∫¡’‚§√ß √â“ßµ“¡

·∫∫ Õ∫∂“¡¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈ à«πµ—« ·≈–√—∫°“√∑¥ Õ∫‚¥¬„™â

·∫∫∑¥ Õ∫√Õ√噓§ (Rorschach test) „™â‡«≈“√«¡

·µà≈–§πª√–¡“≥ 1 ™—Ë«‚¡ß

º≈°“√«‘®—¬µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õ߇¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥´È”

¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—Ë«‰ª ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈–Õ“¬ÿ

µË”°«à“ 17 ªï 25 14.917 ªï 61 36.318 ªï 53 31.519 ªï 17 10.120 ªï ¢÷Èπ‰ª 12 7.2

√–¥—∫‡™“«πåªí≠≠“ªí≠≠“ÕàÕπ (Mentally retarded) 1 0.6§“∫‡ âπ (Borderline) 3 1.8µË”°«à“‡°≥±å‡©≈’ˬ (Low average) 11 6.5‡°≥±å‡©≈’ˬ (Average) 105 62.5 Ÿß°«à“‡°≥±å‡©≈’ˬ (High average) 44 26.2©≈“¥ (Superior) 4 2.4

√–¥—∫°“√»÷°…“µË”°«à“ ª√–∂¡»÷°…“ 29 17.3ª√–∂¡»÷°…“ 101 60.1¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“µÕπµâπ 35 20.8¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“µÕπª≈“¬ 3 1.8

∫ÿ§§≈∑’ËÕ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà¥â«¬∫‘¥“¡“√¥“ 47 28∫‘¥“ À√◊Õ ¡“√¥“ 61 36.3æ’ËπâÕß À√◊Õ ≠“µ‘ 15 9.0Õ¬Ÿà§π‡¥’¬« 26 15.5Õ◊ËπÊ 19 11.3

≈”¥—∫°“√‡°‘¥≈Ÿ°§π‚µ 44 26.2≈Ÿ°§π°≈“ß 29 17.3≈Ÿ°§π ÿ¥∑âÕß 62 36.9≈Ÿ°§π‡¥’¬« 33 19.6

Page 5: Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents ªí ...Data collection was done by the Rorschach test to assess characteristic traits, the Standard Progressive Matrices to

Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents Wimonwan Panyawong at el.

J Psychiatr Assoc ThailandVol. 53 No. 3 July - October 2008 275

‡¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥´È”„π°“√»÷°…“§√—È ßπ’È à«π„À≠à¡’Õ“¬ÿ 17 ·≈– 18 ªï ¡’√–¥—∫‡™“«πåªí≠≠“µ—Èß·µà‡°≥±å‡©≈’ˬ¢÷Èπ‰ª ·≈–¡’ªí≠≠“ÕàÕππâÕ¬°«à“√âÕ¬≈– 1 √–¥—∫°“√»÷°…“ Ÿß ÿ¥ §◊Õ ™—Èπª√–∂¡»÷°…“‚¥¬ à«π„À≠à‰¡à¡’ª√–«—µ‘‡§¬¬â“¬‚√߇√’¬π ∂Ÿ°æ—°°“√‡√’¬π ·≈–∂Ÿ°‰≈àÕÕ° °àÕπ∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡ ‡¬“«™π à«π„À≠à¡’√“¬‰¥âµàÕ‡¥◊ÕπµË”°«à“ 6,000 ∫“∑ ´÷Ë߇¬“«™π∑’ˇ§¬·≈–‰¡à‡§¬ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ¡’®”π«π„°≈⇧’¬ß°—π ‚¥¬ à«π∑’ˇ§¬ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ¡—°‡ªìπß“π√—∫®â“ß∑—Ë«‰ª ‡¬“«™π√âÕ¬≈– 95 ¡’ª√–«—µ‘°“√„™â “√‡ 浑¥ ‚¥¬¡—°„™â¡“°°«à“ 2 ™π‘¥¢÷Èπ‰ª “√‡ 浑¥∑’Ë„™â¡“°µ“¡≈”¥—∫§◊Õ ∫ÿÀ√’Ë ¬“∫â“ ÿ√“ ·≈–°—≠™“ ª√–¡“≥§√÷ËßÀπ÷Ë߇√‘Ë¡„™â “√‡ 浑¥§√—Èß·√°µ—Èß·µàÕ“¬ÿ 15 ªï¢÷Èπ‰ª ·≈–

¡’∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 13 ‡√‘Ë¡„™â‡¡◊ËÕÕ“¬ÿµË”°«à“ 13 ªï (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1)

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 1 ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—Ë«‰ª¢Õ߇¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥´È” (µàÕ)

¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈∑—Ë«‰ª ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈–‚√§ª√–®”µ—«

‰¡à¡’ 155 92.3¡’ (‚√§°√–‡æ“–, 13 7.7‚√§√–∫∫∑“߇¥‘πÀ“¬„®)

°“√ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ‰¡à‰¥âª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ 75 44.6ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ 73 43.4

∑”ß“πª√–®” 31 18.4√—∫®â“ß∑—Ë«‰ª 42 25.0

™à«¬ß“π∑“ß∫â“π‡≈Á°Ê πâÕ¬Ê 20 12.0√“¬‰¥âµàÕ‡¥◊Õπ

µË”°«à“ 6,000 ∫“∑ 114 67.86,001 - 10,000 ∫“∑ 26 15.510,001 ∫“∑ ¢÷Èπ‰ª 28 16.7

°“√„™â “√‡ 浑¥‰¡à‡§¬„™â 8 4.8„™â “√‡ 浑¥ 160 95.2

®”π«π™π‘¥¢Õ߬“‡ 浑¥∑’Ë„™â2 ™π‘¥ ≈߉ª 46 27.43 ™π‘¥ 58 34.54 ™π‘¥ 35 20.85 ™π‘¥ ¢÷Èπ‰ª 21 12.5

¬“À√◊Õ “√‡ 浑¥∑’Ë„™â∫ÿÀ√’Ë 132 78.6 ÿ√“ 101 60.1¬“∫â“ 122 72.6°—≠™“ 82 48.8 “√√–‡À¬ 29 17.3Õ◊ËπÊ (¬“‰Õ´å, ¬“Õ’, ºß¢“«, 33 19.6¬“∑“ß®‘µ‡«™)

Õ“¬ÿ∑’ˇ√‘Ë¡„™â “√‡ 浑¥§√—Èß·√°12 ªï ≈߉ª 22 13.113 ªï 16 9.514 ªï 45 26.815 ªï ¢÷Èπ‰ª 77 45.8

∑’Ë¡“¢Õß “√‡ 浑¥∑’ˉ¥â§√—Èß·√°À“¡“„™â‡Õß 32 19.0‡æ◊ËÕπ 119 70.9≠“µ‘ 5 3.0Õ◊ËπÊ 4 2.3

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ª√–«—µ‘°“√°√–∑”º‘¥¢Õ߇¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”

º‘¥´È”

ª√–«—µ‘°“√°√–∑”º‘¥ ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈–

®”π«π§√—Èß∑’Ë∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡2 98 58.43 38 22.64 16 9.55 §√—Èß ¢÷Èπ‰ª 16 9.5

Õ“¬ÿ∑’Ë∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡§√—Èß·√°12 - 15 ªï 97 57.716 - 18 ªï 70 41.719 ªï ¢÷Èπ‰ª 1 0.6

®”π«π∞“𧫓¡º‘¥1 93 55.42 61 36.33 11 6.54 3 1.8

∞“𧫓¡º‘¥§«“¡º‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫∑√—æ¬å 85 32.7§«“¡º‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫™’«‘µ·≈–√à“ß°“¬ 34 13.1§«“¡º‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫‡æ» 21 8.1§«“¡º‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫¬“‡ 浑¥„Àâ‚∑… 99 38.1§«“¡º‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫Õ“«ÿ∏·≈–√–‡∫‘¥ 9 3.4Õ◊ËπÊ 12 4.6

Page 6: Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents ªí ...Data collection was done by the Rorschach test to assess characteristic traits, the Standard Progressive Matrices to

«‘¡≈«√√≥ ªí≠≠“«àÕß ·≈–§≥–

«“√ “√ ¡“§¡®‘µ·æ∑¬å·Ààߪ√–‡∑»‰∑¬ªï∑’Ë 53 ©∫—∫∑’Ë 3 °√°Æ“§¡ - °—𬓬π 2551276

ªí®®—¬∑’Ë¡’Õ‘∑∏‘æ≈µàÕ°“√°√–∑”º‘¥´È”¢Õ߇¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥

®“°ª√–«—µ‘°“√°√–∑”º‘¥¢Õ߇¬“«™π à«π„À≠à

∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡§√—Èß·√°µ—Èß·µàÕ“¬ÿ 12 - 15 ªï ·≈–‡§¬∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡

¡“·≈â« 2 - 3 §√—Èß ª√–¡“≥§√÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß°√–∑”º‘¥´È”„π

∞“𧫓¡º‘¥‡¥‘¡Ê à«π„À≠à §◊Õ §«“¡º‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫

¬“‡ 浑¥„Àâ‚∑… ·≈–§«“¡º‘¥‡°’ˬ«°—∫∑√—æ¬å ´÷Ëß

§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°∑’Ë¡’µàÕ‚∑…∑’ˉ¥â√—∫ ·¡â«à“¡’‡¬“«™πª√–¡“≥

§√÷ËßÀπ÷ËßµÕ∫«à“¬Õ¡√—∫‰¥â°—∫‚∑…∑’ˉ¥â√—∫·≈–°“√∑’˵âÕß

‡¢â“¡“Õ¬Ÿà„π»Ÿπ¬åΩñ°œ ·µà¡’‡æ’¬ßÀπ÷Ëß„π ’Ë¢Õ߇¬“«™π

∑—ÈßÀ¡¥∑’˵Õ∫«à“√Ÿâ ÷°‡ ’¬„®µàÕ°“√°√–∑” ∑—Èßπ’È ‡¬“«™π

à«π„À≠àµÕ∫«à“ ‡æ◊ËÕπ‡ªìπ∑’Ë¡“¢Õß°“√‡√‘Ë¡‡ æ

“√‡ 浑¥§√—Èß·√°·≈– “‡Àµÿ¢Õß°“√°√–∑”º‘¥ ∑—Èß∑’Ë

‡æ◊ËÕπ™«π·≈–∑”µ“¡Õ¬à“߇æ◊ËÕπ ‚¥¬‡¬“«™π¡—°„™â

‡«≈“Õ¬Ÿà°—∫‡æ◊ËÕπ∑ÿ°«—π ·≈–‡æ◊ËÕπ à«π„À≠à¡’ª√–«—µ‘°“√

∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡ ·≈–ª√–«—µ‘°“√µ‘¥ “√‡ 浑¥ πÕ°®“°π—Èπ

‡ªì𠓇Àµÿ®“°¢“¥°“√¬—∫¬—Èß™—Ëß„®µπ‡Õß (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2)

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 2 ª√–«—µ‘°“√°√–∑”º‘¥¢Õ߇¬“«™π (µàÕ)

ª√–«—µ‘°“√°√–∑”º‘¥ ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈–

“‡Àµÿ¢Õß°“√°√–∑”º‘¥‰¡à¡’§«“¡ ÿ¢„π§√Õ∫§√—« 3 1.5‡æ◊ËÕπ™«π/ ∑”µ“¡‡æ◊ËÕπ 82 41Õ¬“°‰¥â‡ß‘π 31 15.5§«“¡√Ÿâ‡∑à“‰¡à∂÷ß°“√≥å 13 6.5‡ªìπ‡√◊ËÕߪ°µ‘∏√√¡¥“ 6 3.0

Õ◊ËπÊ (Õ¬“°≈Õß, Õ¬“°‰¥â¢Õß, 65 38.7‚¡‚À‡À¬◊ËÕ, ¡’‡√◊ËÕß°—π, πÿ°)

§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°®“°°“√∂Ÿ°≈ß‚∑…

¬Õ¡√—∫‰¥â 118 56.2‚∑…∑’ˉ¥â√—∫¡“°‡°‘π‰ª 9 4.3‡ ’¬„®µàÕ°“√°√–∑” 56 26.7

‚°√∏§π∑’Ë™«π∑”º‘¥ 8 3.8‡ªìπÀà«ß§π¢â“ßÀ≈—ß 16 7.6Õ◊ËπÊ 3 1.4

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§√Õ∫§√—«¢Õ߇¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥´È”

¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§√Õ∫§√—« ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈–

∂“π¿“æ ¡√ ¢Õß∫‘¥“¡“√¥“Õ¬Ÿà¥â«¬°—π 59 35.1·¬°°—πÕ¬Ÿà 47 28.0À¬à“√â“ß 26 15.5∫‘¥“ ·≈–/À√◊Õ ¡“√¥“‡ ’¬™’«‘µ 36 21.4

√–¥—∫°“√»÷°…“¢Õß∫‘¥“‰¡à‰¥â‡√’¬πÀπ—ß ◊Õ 1 0.6ª√–∂¡»÷°…“ 58 34.5¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“µÕπµâπ 21 12.5¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“µÕπª≈“¬ 5 3.0Õÿ¥¡»÷°…“ 1 0.6‰¡à∑√“∫ 82 48.8

√–¥—∫°“√»÷°…“¢Õß¡“√¥“‰¡à‰¥â‡√’¬πÀπ—ß ◊Õ 2 1.2ª√–∂¡»÷°…“ 76 45.2¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“µÕπµâπ 11 6.5¡—∏¬¡»÷°…“µÕπª≈“¬ 11 6.5‰¡à∑√“∫ 68 40.5

√“¬‰¥â¢Õß∫‘¥“µË”°«à“ 6,000 ∫“∑ 23 13.76,001 - 10,000 ∫“∑ 35 20.810,001 ∫“∑ ¢÷Èπ‰ª 31 18.5‰¡à∑√“∫ 79 47.0

√“¬‰¥â¢Õß¡“√¥“µË”°«à“ 6,000 ∫“∑ 41 24.46,001 - 10,000 ∫“∑ 32 19.110,001 ∫“∑ ¢÷Èπ‰ª 16 9.5‰¡à∑√“∫ 79 47.0

®”π«πæ’ËπâÕß≈Ÿ°§π‡¥’¬« 33 19.62 §π 48 28.63 §π 54 32.14 §π 17 10.15 §π 7 4.26 §π ¢÷Èπ‰ª 9 5.4

§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫∫‘¥“ π‘∑ π¡√—°„§√à°—π¥’ 88 52.4Àà“߇À‘π‰¡à§àÕ¬‰¥âÕ¬Ÿà¥â«¬°—π 43 25.6∑–‡≈“–°—π‡ªìπ§√—Èߧ√“« 17 10.1∑–‡≈“–°—π‡ªìπª√–®” 4 2.4Õ◊ËπÊ 16 9.5

Page 7: Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents ªí ...Data collection was done by the Rorschach test to assess characteristic traits, the Standard Progressive Matrices to

Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents Wimonwan Panyawong at el.

J Psychiatr Assoc ThailandVol. 53 No. 3 July - October 2008 277

„π¥â“π§√Õ∫§√—« ‡¬“«™π à«π„À≠à¡“®“°

§√Õ∫§√—«∑’ˉ¡à ¡∫Ÿ√≥å ‰¡à«à“®–‡ªìπ ·¬°°—πÕ¬Ÿà À¬à“√â“ß

·≈–∫‘¥“·≈–/À√◊Õ¡“√¥“‡ ’¬™’«‘µ ª√–¡“≥§√÷ËßÀπ÷Ëß

Õ“»—¬Õ¬Ÿà°—∫∫‘¥“¡“√¥“À√◊Õ§π„¥§πÀπ÷Ëß ¡—°‡ªìπ∑’Ëæ—°

Õ“»—¬∑—Ë«‰ª ∫‘¥“·≈–¡“√¥“¢Õ߇¬“«™π à«π„À≠à®∫

°“√»÷°…“ Ÿß ÿ¥„π√–¥—∫ª√–∂¡»÷°…“ ¡’√“¬‰¥âµàÕ

‡¥◊Õπª“π°≈“ß∂÷ߵ˔ ∑—Èßπ’È ‡¬“«™π à«π„À≠à¡’§«“¡

—¡æ—π∏å∑’Ë¥’°—∫ ¡“™‘°„π§√Õ∫§√—«∑ÿ°§π‚¥¬‡©æ“–°—∫

¡“√¥“ ¡’ ¡“™‘°„π§√Õ∫§√—«∑—È߉¡à¡’·≈–¡’ª√–«—µ‘°“√

∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡¡’®”π«π„°≈⇧’¬ß°—π ·≈– à«π„À≠à¡’ ¡“™‘°

„π§√Õ∫§√—«∑’Ë¡’ª√–«—µ‘‡ æ “√‡ 浑¥ (µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3)

≈—°…≥–§”µÕ∫√Õ√噓§¢Õ߇¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”

º‘¥´È” ‚¥¬‡©≈’ˬ‡¬“«™π„À⧔µÕ∫§π≈– 20 §”µÕ∫

´÷ËßÕ¬Ÿà„π‡°≥±å‡©≈’ˬ‰ª∑“ߵ˔¢Õß∫ÿ§§≈∑—Ë«‰ª®“°°“√

»÷°…“¢Õß Kolpfer “¡“√∂„À⧔µÕ∫∑’˧π∑—Ë«‰ª¡—°µÕ∫

(popular response) ‰¥â 4 §”µÕ∫ ‡¬“«™π„™â‡«≈“„π

°“√µÕ∫∑—ÈßÀ¡¥ 10 ¿“æ À√◊Õ total time ‡©≈’ˬµàÕ§π

µàÕ§”µÕ∫ 18 «‘π“∑’ „Àâµ”·Àπà߇π◊ÈÕ∑’Ë¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥ §◊Õ

§”µÕ∫ W (whole) ·≈– D (large usual detail)

(√âÕ¬≈– 45.31 ·≈– 43.35) §–·ππ°“√„Àâ‡Àµÿº≈¢Õß

§”µÕ∫ ‡¬“«™π„Àâ‡Àµÿº≈«à“‡À¡◊Õπ‡©æ“–√Ÿª√à“ß À√◊Õ

F (√âÕ¬≈– 74) √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ ‡Àµÿº≈¢Õߧ”µÕ∫„π°≈ÿà¡

¢Õß°“√‡§≈◊ËÕπ‰À« À√◊Õ movement responses (√âÕ¬≈–

18) °≈ÿà¡∑’Ë„Àâ‡Àµÿº≈‚¥¬„™â ’ À√◊Õ color responses

(√âÕ¬≈– 8) ·≈–°≈ÿࡇÀµÿº≈‚¥¬„™â§«“¡‡¢â¡®“ߢÕß

À¬¥À¡÷° À√◊Õ shading responses (√âÕ¬≈– 1) µ“¡≈”¥—∫

‚¥¬¿“æ√«¡·≈â« ‡¬“«™π„À⧔µÕ∫‰¡àÀ≈“°À≈“¬π—°

‚¥¬ à«π„À≠à„À⧔µÕ∫‡ªìπ —µ«å (A ·≈– Ad) ¡“°∑’Ë ÿ¥

(√âÕ¬≈– 62) √Õß≈ß¡“§◊Õ §”µÕ∫§π (H ·≈– Hd) ·≈–

§”µÕ∫∑’ˇªìπ«—µ∂ÿ∑’˧π √â“ߢ÷Èπ (Obj) (√âÕ¬≈– 10 ·≈–

√âÕ¬≈– 6 µ“¡≈”¥—∫) à«π§”µÕ∫Õ◊ËπÊ §àÕπ¢â“ß°√–®“¬

·≈–¡’®”π«π‰¡à∂÷ß√âÕ¬≈– 5

º≈®“°°“√«‘‡§√“–Àå≈—°…≥–§”µÕ∫√Õ√噓§

æ∫≈—°…≥–¢Õß°“√¢“¥«ÿ≤‘¿“«– (immaturity) °“√√—∫√Ÿâ

·≈–·ª≈§«“¡À¡“¬¢Õß ‘Ëß·«¥≈âÕ¡Õ¬Ÿà„π≈—°…≥–∑’Ë

®”°—¥ ¢“¥§«“¡ √â“ß √√§å ·≈–‰¡à‰¥â„™â§«“¡æ¬“¬“¡

‡µÁ¡∑’˵“¡§«“¡ “¡“√∂∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà ¡—°µ’§«“¡·≈–®—¥°“√

°—∫ ∂“π°“√≥åµà“ßÊ ‚¥¬°“√¡Õß¿“æ√«¡ °«â“ßÊ

·≈–ª√“»®“°°“√‰µ√àµ√Õß æ∫ªí≠À“∑“ßÕ“√¡≥å ®“°

·√ߢ—∫¿“¬„𠧫“¡§—∫¢âÕß„® ·≈–¡’ªØ‘°‘√‘¬“‚µâµÕ∫

µàÕ ‘Ë߇√â“„π≈—°…≥–ÀÿπÀ—πæ≈—π·≈àπ ≈—°…≥–¥—ß°≈à“«

àߺ≈µàÕ°“√ª√—∫µ—« ·≈–ªí≠À“‡√◊ËÕß —¡æ—π∏¿“æ ‚¥¬

°“√¢“¥§«“¡‡¢â“„®„πµπ‡Õß·≈–ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ ∑”„Àâ‰¡à “¡“√∂

¡’ —¡æ—π∏¿“æÕ¬à“ߺŸ°æ—π°—∫ºŸâÕ◊Ëπ À√◊Õ¡’ —¡æ—π∏¿“æ

‰¥â‡æ’¬ß„π≈—°…≥–∑’˺‘«‡º‘π

Õ¿‘ª√“¬º≈„π°“√«‘®—¬§√—Èßπ’È æ∫«à“ ‡¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥´È”

à«π„À≠à¡’√–¥—∫‡™“«πåªí≠≠“µ—Èß·µà‡°≥±å‡©≈’ˬ¢÷Èπ‰ª

µ“√“ß∑’Ë 3 ¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§√Õ∫§√—«¢Õ߇¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥ È” (µàÕ)

¢âÕ¡Ÿ≈§√Õ∫§√—« ®”π«π √âÕ¬≈–

§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫¡“√¥“

π‘∑ π¡√—°„§√à°—π¥’ 109 64.9

Àà“߇À‘π‰¡à§àÕ¬‰¥âÕ¬Ÿà¥â«¬°—π 25 14.9

∑–‡≈“–°—π‡ªìπ§√—Èߧ√“« 17 10.1

∑–‡≈“–°—π‡ªìπª√–®” 5 3.0

Õ◊ËπÊ 12 7.1

§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫æ’ËπâÕß

√—°„§√à°≈¡‡°≈’¬«°—π¥’ 90 53.6

¢—¥·¬âß°—π‡ªìπ§√—Èߧ√“« 22 13.1

¢—¥·¬âß°—π‡ªìπª√–®” 9 5.4

µà“ߧπµà“ßÕ¬Ÿà‰¡à§àÕ¬ π„®°—π 22 13.1

Õ◊ËπÊ 25 14.9

¡“™‘°„π§√Õ∫§√—«∑’Ë¡’ª√–«—µ‘‡§¬∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡

‰¡à¡’ 94 56.0

¡’ 74 44.0

¡“™‘°„π§√Õ∫§√—«∑’ˇ§¬µ‘¥ “√‡ 浑¥

‰¡à¡’ 66 39.3

¡’ 102 60.7

Page 8: Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents ªí ...Data collection was done by the Rorschach test to assess characteristic traits, the Standard Progressive Matrices to

«‘¡≈«√√≥ ªí≠≠“«àÕß ·≈–§≥–

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·≈–¡’ µ‘ªí≠≠“∑’˵˔‡¢â“‡°≥±åªí≠≠“ÕàÕππâÕ¬°«à“

√âÕ¬≈– 1 ·µ°µà“ß®“°À≈“¬°“√»÷°…“∑’Ëæ∫«à“‡¬“«™π

ºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥´È”¡—°¡’√–¥—∫‡™“«πåªí≠≠“µË”14-17 Õ“®®–

‡ªìπ‡æ√“–«à“°“√«‘®—¬§√—Èßπ’È„™â·∫∫∑¥ Õ∫ Standard

Progressive Matrices ∑’˙૬≈¥Õ§µ‘¥â“π¿“…“ ´÷Ëß

‡À¡“– ¡°—∫‡¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥ à«π„À≠à∑’Ë¡—°‰¥â√—∫°“√

»÷°…“πâÕ¬ µ“¡¢âÕ —߇°µ¢Õß Slawson ∑’Ë»÷°…“æ∫«à“

‡¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥‰¥â§–·ππ‡™“«πåªí≠≠“„π à«π∑’Ë„™â

¿“…“查 (verbal IQ) „π√–¥—∫µË” ·µà‡™“«πåªí≠≠“„π

à«π∑’ˉ¡à„™à¿“…“查 (performance IQ) Õ¬Ÿà„π√–¥—∫ª°µ‘14

Õ¬à“߉√°Áµ“¡ ·¡â®–æ∫«à“‡¬“«™π¡’√–¥—∫

‡™“«πåªí≠≠“„π√–¥—∫ª°µ‘¢÷Èπ‰ª ·µà‡¬“«™π à«π„À≠à

‰¥â√—∫°“√»÷°…“§àÕπ¢â“ߵ˔ Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫À≈“¬°“√

»÷°…“∑’Ëæ∫«à“‡¬“«™π¡’°“√»÷°…“µË”¡’‚Õ°“ °√–∑”º‘¥

‰¥â¡“°°«à“‡¬“«™π∑’Ë¡’°“√»÷°…“ Ÿß15,16 πÕ°®“°π’Èæ∫«à“

‡¬“«™π¡’√“¬‰¥âµË”·≈–ª√–°Õ∫Õ“™’æ√—∫®â“ß ‡¡◊ËÕ

æ‘®“√≥“√à«¡°—∫√–¥—∫°“√»÷°…“·≈–‡»√…∞“π–¢Õß

∫‘¥“¡“√¥“∑’˧àÕπ¢â“ߵ˔‡™àπ‡¥’¬«°—π ´÷Ëß Õ¥§≈âÕß°—∫

À≈“¬°“√»÷°…“ ∑’Ëæ∫«à“√–¥—∫°“√»÷°…“¢Õß∫‘¥“¡“√¥“

¡’§«“¡ —¡æ—π∏å°—∫°“√°√–∑”º‘¥´È”15,17 ‡π◊ËÕß®“°

°“√»÷°…“ àߺ≈‚¥¬µ√ßµàÕ√“¬‰¥â Õ“™’æ ·≈–≈—°…≥–

°“√Õ∫√¡‡≈’ȬߥŸ‡¥Á°18 ·≈–πà“®–Õ∏‘∫“¬‰¥âµ“¡ Roy

·≈– Croll ∑’Ë«à“ °“√∑’ˉ¥â§à“®â“ߵ˔·≈–¢“¥‚Õ°“ „π

°“√∑”ß“π∑’ˇÀ¡“– ¡°—∫§«“¡ “¡“√∂∑’Ë¡’Õ¬Ÿà ∑”„Àâ

∫ÿ§§≈‡°‘¥æƒµ‘°√√¡Õ“™≠“°√√¡ ‚¥¬‡¡◊ËÕ‡¬“«™π

‰¡à “¡“√∂À≈ÿ¥®“°§«“¡¬“°®π¥â«¬«‘∏’∑’Ë —ߧ¡¬Õ¡√—∫

‡¬“«™π®÷߇°‘¥æƒµ‘°√√¡Õ“™≠“°√√¡‡æ◊Ëՙ૬„Àâ

∂“π°“√≥å¢Õßµπ¥’¢÷Èπ19 ÷Ë߇ªìπ‰ªµ“¡∑ƒ…Æ’‚§√ß √â“ß

∑“ß —ߧ¡ (structural theory) ¢Õß Merton ∑’Ë«à“ ∫ÿ§§≈

∑’Ë¡’æ◊Èπ∞“π‡»√…∞“π– Ÿß¬àÕ¡¡’‚Õ°“ ‰¥â»÷°…“„π

∂“∫—π∑’Ë¥’·≈–‡√’¬π√Ÿâ∑—°…–„π°“√∑”ß“π∑’ˉ¥â√“¬‰¥â Ÿß

„π¢≥–∑’Ë∫ÿ§§≈∑’Ë¡’√“¬‰¥âµË”À√◊ÕÕ¬Ÿà„π™π™—Èπ·√ßß“π

‰¡à “¡“√∂∑’Ë®– àß∫ÿµ√„À⇢Ⓡ√’¬π«‘∑¬“≈—¬‰¥â À√◊Õ

·¡â®– “¡“√∂ à߉¥â ‡¥Á°¡—°®–∂Ÿ°‡≈’Ȭߡ“¥â«¬§«“¡§‘¥

∑’Ë«à“°“√»÷°…“‰¡à„™à ‘Ëß ”§—≠20

ª√–¡“≥√âÕ¬≈– 95 ¢Õ߇¬“«™π¡’ª√–«—µ‘°“√

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惵‘°√√¡°“√°√–∑”º‘¥´È”¢Õ߇¬“«™πºŸâ°√–∑”º‘¥‰¥â3, 21

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§√—Èß·√°µ—Èß·µàÕ“¬ÿπâÕ¬®–¡’®”π«π§√—Èß„π°“√∂Ÿ°®—∫°ÿ¡

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„π°“√°√–∑”º‘¥´È”„πÕ𓧵2,21,22 à«π “‡Àµÿ°“√

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·≈–°“√æ—≤π“¥â“π®√‘¬∏√√¡∑’ˉ¡à‡À¡“– ¡ ‡¬“«™π

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‘Ëß ”§—≠∑’Ë ÿ¥∑’Ë∑”„À⇬“«™πæ—≤𓧫“¡°â“«√â“«‰¥â

Õ¬à“ßµàÕ‡π◊ËÕß §◊Õæ«°‡¢“¢“¥§«“¡√Ÿâ ÷°º‘¥µàÕ°“√°√–∑”23

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Page 9: Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents ªí ...Data collection was done by the Rorschach test to assess characteristic traits, the Standard Progressive Matrices to

Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents Wimonwan Panyawong at el.

J Psychiatr Assoc ThailandVol. 53 No. 3 July - October 2008 279

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Page 11: Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents ªí ...Data collection was done by the Rorschach test to assess characteristic traits, the Standard Progressive Matrices to

Factors Influencing Recidivism of Juvenile Delinquents Wimonwan Panyawong at el.

J Psychiatr Assoc ThailandVol. 53 No. 3 July - October 2008 281

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°√≥’»Ÿπ¬åΩñ°·≈–Õ∫√¡‡¥Á°·≈–‡¬“«™π™“¬

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