EVENT of 20 JANUARY 2005INJECTION TIME of IONS, PROTONS and

ELECTRONS

Hamlet Martirosyan

YERPHI / CRD

INJECTION TIME of FIRST REGISTRATED IONS• He, C, O, Mg, Fe• Collisionless Propagation , ΔT = L/c *1/β , T(Injection) = T(Registration)- ΔT

6.25

6.56.75

7

7.257.5

7.758

8.25

8.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 / b

20 J

AN

UA

RY

200

5

UT

He C O Mg Fe RSP II GOES X7.1 Flare

6:50UT Protons Registration Time

T(registration)=L/c*1/b + T(injection)

Ion PropagationCollisionless or diffusion?

• ΔT ~ L2/D ~ L2/ V.λ• λ= λoR2-δ T(Regist)=a.(Etotal/Z).R δ-3+T(Inject)

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

500 1000 1500 2000RIGIDITY MV

PA

TH

LE

NG

TH

a

u

Kolmogorov Kraichnan Collisionless delta=6/5

1.017au(Vsw ~ 700Km/s )

Injection Time

6:32UT

6:42UT 6:46UT

6:51UT

Fe

Light ionsCollisionless Propagation

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550

RIGIDITY MV

PA

TH

LE

NG

TH

au

Kolmogorov

Kraichnan

Collisionless

He

INJECTION TIME of IONS

• Ions of All Energies the Given Type were Injected Simultaneously (Injection - Energy independence)

• Z - dependence

T(Z)inject = 166.84*Z -1.08

R2 = 0.9967

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17

Z

min

Aft

er

CM

E O

nse

t

15

9

6

4

Fe

Mg

O

C

He

2

Simultaneous registration of protons

1.0E-05

1.0E-04

1.0E-03

1.0E-02

1.0E-01

1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.0E+04

6.5 6.75 7 7.25 7.5

20 JANUARY 2005 UT

PR

OT

ON

FL

UX

, 1/

cm^

2.s.

sr.M

ev

0.8-4Mev

4-9Mev

9-15Mev

15-40Mev

40-80Mev

80-165Mev

165-500Mev

350-420Mev

420-510Mev

510-700Mev

>700Mev

First ProtonsRegistration Time

Protons Injection Time

• Shock Speed - ~700Km/s

• Flare Coordinate - N12W58

• Mag. Field Line Nominal Length ~1.017au

• Simultaneous registration of protons

• tinject=tregist – Δt (Δt - Real Propagation Time)

• Δt(E) ≥ 1.017au / Vp(E)

ProtonsInjection and Registration Time

1.0E-05

1.0E-04

1.0E-03

1.0E-02

1.0E-01

1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

5.5 5.75 6 6.25 6.5 6.75 7 7.25 7.5 7.75 8

20 JANUARY 2005 UT

PR

OT

ON

FL

UX

, 1/

cm^

2.s.

sr.M

ev

1.0E-07

1.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.0E-04

1.0E-03

X R

AY

FL

UX

4-9Mev 9-15Mev 15-40Mev40-80Mev 80-165Mev 165-500Mev350-420Mev 420-510Mev 510-700Mev>700Mev Flare Start RHESSI (0.3-0.8 Mev)Protons Arrival Time CME Onset(3675km/s) X Ray

22min

Injection?

PROTONS

ACE / EPAM , GOES

15 APRIL 2001

1.0E-03

1.0E-02

1.0E-01

1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.0E+04

1.0E+05

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18

15 APRIL 2001 UT

P F

LU

X

1/c

m^

2.s

.sr.

Me

v

1.0E-07

1.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.0E-04

1.0E-03

X R

AY

FL

UX

W

/m^

2

0.047-0.066Mev

0.066-0.114Mev

0.114-0.19Mev

0.19-0.31Mev

0.31-0.58Mev

0.58-1.05Mev

1.05-1.89Mev

1.89-4.75Mev

15-40Mev

40-80Mev

80-165Mev

165-500Mwv

CME Onset

X Ray

ElectronsWIND

1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.0E+04

1.0E+05

1.0E+06

1.0E+07

5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9

20 JANUARY 2005 UT

EL

EK

TR

ON

FL

UX

1.0E-07

1.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.0E-04

1.0E-03

X R

AY

FL

UX

1.1Kev 5Kev 20Kev90Kev (*10) 176Kev Flare StartRHESSI (0.3-0.8Mev) X Ray (GOES)

• NM Rc GV GLE Start• Oulu 0.8 6:51UT• Sanae 1.06 6:49UT• Yakutsk 1.7 6:50UT• Kiel 2.29 6:51UT• Moscow 2.46 6:51UT• Novosibir 2.91 6:53UT• Lomnicki 4 6:55UT• Hermanus 4.9 7:00UT• Jungfrau. 4.48 6:59UT• Bacsan5.6 7:00UT• Alma Ata 6.61 7:03UT• Aragats 7.6 7:05UT

Neutron Monitors

NEUTRON MONITORSGLE START

0.1

1

10

100

1000

6 6.25 6.5 6.75 7 7.25 7.5 7.75 8 8.25 8.520 JANUARY 2005 UT

EN

HA

NC

EM

EN

T %

1.0E-05

1.0E-04

1.0E-03

1.0E-02

PR

OT

ON

/ X

-RA

Y F

LU

X

Norilsk Kiel BacsanAragats Jungfrau GOES X7.1 FlareRSP II Hermanus GOES p (E>700Mev)GOES X Ray *10

RELATIVISTIC ENERGY REGIONNEUTRON MONITORS

GLE START and INJECTION TIME

TGLE Onset(E) = 0.0426*E + 6.80R2 = 0.9538

T inject(E) = 0.05*E + 6.62R2 = 0.9783

6.5

6.6

6.7

6.8

6.9

7

7.1

7.2

0.1 1 10

ENERGY Gev

20 J

AN

UA

RY

200

5 U

T

GLE Onset

Injection Time

PROTONS100Mev <E< 500Mev GOES E > 0.5GEV NUTRON MONITORS

INJECTION TIME

T inject(E) = 3.05*E + 9.26R2 = 0.9834

8

13

18

23

28

0.1 1 10

PROTON ENERGY Gev

MIN

UT

ES

aft

er

Fla

re S

tart

Neutron Monitors

GOES Protons

Flare Max

ELECTRONSE > 20Kev

EInject ~LnLn(E)

Tinject(E) = 26.6*Ln(x) - 29.475R2 = 0.99

5

10

15

20

25

3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6

Ln(E/Kev)

MIN

UTE

S a

fter

Fla

re S

tart

WIND

ACE/EPAM

FLARE MAX

INJECTION of

IONS, PROTONS and ELECTRONS

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 920 JANUARY 2005 UT

R /

Rs

un

or

X R

AY

FL

UX

1.0E-05

1.0E-04

1.0E-03

1.0E-02

1.0E-01

1.0E+00

1.0E+01

EN

ER

GY

Ge

v/n

CME Trajectory X Ray Flux*20000Flare Start CME Onset (N.Gopalswamy)P Injection Time (E>50Mev) e Injection (WIND, EPAM, E>20Kev)Ions Injection (He,C,O,Mg,Fe)

PROTONS FLUX CORRELATION

F2 (80-165)Mev F1 (165-500)mev

F2 = 1.45*F11.15

R2 = 0.9773

F2 = 3.09*F1 + 0.06R2 = 0.9912

1.0E-01

1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E-01 1.0E+00 1.0E+01

F1

F2

6:50UT - 7:10UT

7:10UT - 24:00UT

F1 = 1E+14*E-5.16

R2 = 1

F2 = 2E+06*E-2.9

R2 = 0.9818

1.0E-06

1.0E-05

1.0E-04

1.0E-03

1.0E-02

1.0E-01

1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.0E+00 1.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.0E+03 1.0E+04ENERGY Mev

P

FL

UX

0.1

1

10

100

1000

EN

HE

NC

EM

EN

T %

6:50-7:05UT 19:05-19:35UT GCR Enhancement(%)

CONCLUSION IAREA of ACCELERATION

• High Energy Protons (E > 100Mev) and Electrons (E > 20Kev) were accelerated and injected in the flare .

Protons Injection 6:36 – 6:56UT

Electrons Injection 6:33 – 6:43UT• All Ions were accelerated and injected on a shock wave .

Ions Injection 6:48 – 7:10UT

Flare Start 6:28UT

CME Onset 6:33UT (N. Gopalswamy et al.)

CONCLUSION IIACCELERATION RATE

• HIGH ENERGY PROTONS (E > 50Mev) TInject(E) = 3.05*E + 9.26 => dE/dT ~ Const >0

• HIGH ENERGY ELECTRONS (E > 20Kev) TInject(E) = 26.6*LnLn(E) – 29.475 => dE/dT ~ E*Ln(E), E=E0*exp(exp(ατ))

LOW ENERGY PROTONS and ELECTRONS

Formation of

• E < 50 Mev Protons

• E < 20 Kev Electrons

in Interplanetary Space

Acceleration or deacceleration ?

LOW ENERGY PROTONS and ELECTRONSDEACCELERATION VERSION

INJECTION TIME

Tinject(E) = -0.5546*E + 20.0R2 = 0.9965

Tinject(E) = -201.22*E + 21.75R2 = 0.9981

11121314151617181920212223

1.0E-03 1.0E-02 1.0E-01 1.0E+00 1.0E+01 1.0E+02

ELECTRON or PROTON ENERGY Mev

MIN

UT

ES

aft

er

Fla

re S

tart

ACE/EPAM (Low Energy Protons) WIND (Low Energy Electrons) GOES (Protons E<50Mev)

INTERACTIVE SOLAR WIND or «ANTI _ SHOCK»

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

20.2 20.5 20.8 21.1 21.4 21.7 22

20 - 21 JANUARY 2005 UT

SW

DE

NS

ITY

o

r

P F

LU

X

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

SW

S

PE

ED

SW Density(ACE/SWEPAM)

P Flux (ACE/SIS,E>10Mev)

SW Speed(ACE/SWEPAM)

400/cm^2.s.sr

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1.0E+00 1.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.0E+03 1.0E+04

P FLUX 1/cm^2.s.sr

SW

SP

EE

D K

m/s

I ShockQuiet SW

Interactive SW («Anti-Shock»)II Shock

400/cm^2.s.sr

INTERACTIVE SOLAR WIND«ANTI - SHOCK»

8 NOVEMBER 2000

1.0E-01

1.0E+00

1.0E+01

1.0E+02

1.0E+03

1.0E+04

8.5 9 9.5 10 10.5 11 11.5 12

8 - 11 NOVEMBER 2000 UT

SW

DE

NS

ITY

or

P F

LUX

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

SW

SP

EE

DP Flux (ACE/SIS, E>10Mev)

SW Density(ACE/SWEPAM)

SW Speed(ACE/SWEPAM)

400/cm^2.s.sr

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1.0E-01 1.0E+00 1.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.0E+03 1.0E+04

P FLUX 1/cm^2.s.sr

SW

SP

EE

D K

m/s

Quiet SW P Flux Increase Intractive SW ( Anti-Shock ) Shock

Shock

Anti - Shock

SW

1

10

100

1000

1.0E-01 1.0E+00 1.0E+01 1.0E+02 1.0E+03 1.0E+04

P FLUX 1/cm^2.s.sr

SW

D

EN

SIT

Y

1/cm

^3

Quiet SW

Interactive SW (Anti - Shock)

Shock

P Flux Increase

Anti - Shock

Shock

SW

ASEC Monitors Data

3.9E+05

4.0E+05

4.0E+05

4.0E+05

4.0E+05

6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9

20 JANUARY 2005 UT

e C

OU

NT

RA

TE

/ 5

MIN e

3280

3330

3380

3430

3480

6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9

20 JANUARY 2005 UT

CO

UN

T R

ATE

/ 3M

IN

Nor Amberd NM

11830

11880

11930

11980

12030

12080

6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9

20 JANUARY 2005 UT

CO

UN

T R

AT

E /

5M

IN

Aragats NM

1.2E+05

1.2E+05

1.2E+05

1.2E+05

1.2E+05

1.2E+05

6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9

20 JANUARY 2005 UT

m C

OU

NT

RA

TE

/ 5

MIN myu