EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY

ΔΡΑΣΤΗΡΙΟΤΗΤΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΡΕΥΝΗΤΙΚΑ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΑ ΤΟΥ

ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΟΥ ΟΡΓΑΝΙΣΜΟΥ ΔΙΑΣΤΗΜΑΤΟΣ / ΕΟΔ(EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY / ESA)

Δρ. Εμμανουήλ ΡάμμοςESA Senior Adviser

14/11/2004

ΔΡΑΣΤΗΡΙΟΤΗΤΕΣ ΚΑΙ ΕΡΕΥΝΗΤΙΚΑ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑΤΑ ΤΟΥ

ΕΥΡΩΠΑΪΚΟΥ ΟΡΓΑΝΙΣΜΟΥ ΔΙΑΣΤΗΜΑΤΟΣ / ΕΟΔ(EUROPEAN SPACE AGENCY / ESA)

Δρ. Εμμανουήλ ΡάμμοςESA Senior Adviser

14/11/2004

The EuropeanSpace Agency

The idea of an independent European space agency dates back to the early 1960's.

ESA was formed in 1975, replacing the satelliteand launcher organisations ESRO and ELDO. It has 15 Member States.

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ESA Member States

ESA has 15 member States :• Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France,

Germany, Ireland, Italy, Norway, the Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

• Canada takes part in some projects under a cooperation agreement.

Greece has a cooperation agreement with ESA since 17/01/2001

and participates in the ARTES, GMES and GSTP programs.

Greece becomes a full Member State of ESA following:

a) the signature of the Agreement between Greece and ESA

(signed the 19/07/2004) and

b) the subsequent ratification of the Agreement by the Greek Parliament

Greece’s mandatory contribution to ESA’s budget will be of the order of 10MEUR per year

ESA achieves this through:

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An inter-governmental organisation with a mission to provide and promote - for exclusively peaceful purposes - the exploitation of:

The purpose of ESA

• Space science, research & technology• Space applications

• Space activities and programmes• Long term space policy• A specific industrial policy• Coordinating European with national space programmes

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All Member States participate in activities and a common set of programmes related to space science (mandatory programmes).

• Manned space flight

In addition, members chose the level of participation in optional programmes:

• Microgravity research

• Earth observation

• Telecommunications

• Navigation

• Launcher development

ESA programmes

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COUNCIL

ESA governing bodies

DIRECTOR GENERAL

PROGRAMME BOARDS

• COMMUNICATIONS

• EARTH OBSERVATION

• LAUNCHERS

• MANNED SPACEFLIGHT

• MICROGRAVITY

• NAVIGATION

• SCIENCE PROGRAMME COMMITTEE(SPC)

• ADMINISTRATIVE & FINANCE COMMITTEE(AFC)

• INDUSTRIAL POLICY COMMITTEE(IPC)

• INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS COMMITTEE(IRC)

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ESA world locations

EstablishmentsOfficesESA ground stationsGround stations used by ESAAriane downrange stations

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Paris

ESA-Paris, ESTEC

ESA-Noordwijk (ESTEC)

ESTEC in Noordwijk, The Netherlands

ESTEC 01 - July 2002

XMM-Newton TelescopeIn the Large Acoustic Facility (LEAF) in the ESA Test Centre in

1999

ESTEC 10 - Apr 2001

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ESA-Frascati (ESRIN)

ESA-Darmstadt (ESOC)

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Budgets for 2003, breakdown by programmes

APPROVED PROGRAMMES : 2592.84 ME+ PROGRAMMES FINANCED BY THIRD PARTIES : 84.26 ME= TOTAL BUDGETS FOR 2003 : 2677.10 ME

General Budget - 6.8%, 181.40 ME

Associated to General Bugget 5.1%, 136.55 ME

Scientific Programme 13.5%, 361 ME

Earth Observation Programmes13.4%, 359.47 ME

Telecommunications Programmes5.5%, 146.57 ME

Navigation Programmes - 2%, 53,90 MEMicrogravity - 2.7%, 72.12 ME

Manned Space Flight22.2%, 593.74 ME

Launchers23.5%, 628.45 ME

Financed by third parties3.1%, 84.26 ME

Technology - 2.2%, 59.64 ME

ME : Million of Euro

TOTALBUDGETS 2003

2677.10 ME

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Budgets for 2003, income from Member States and Participating States

INCOME FROM MEMBERS STATES : 2496.14 ME+ OTHER INCOME : 180.96 ME= TOTAL BUDGETS FOR 2003 : 2677.10 ME

CZ : 0.01%, 0.25 MEB : 5.81%, 145 ME

DK : 1.07%, 26.82 ME

FIN : 0.59%, 14.76 ME

F : 30.78%, 768.32 ME

P : 0.37%, 9.32 ME

G : 0.05%, 1.20 ME

L : 0.12%, 2.94 ME

IRL : 0.39%, 9.78MEI : 14.43%, 360,24 MENL : 2.80%, 69.85 ME

ME : Million of Euro

INCOME FROM MS : 2496.14 ME

N : 0.98%, 24.47 MEE : 3.65%, 90.96 ME

S : 2.35%, 58.66 ME

CH : 3.20%, 79.80 ME

GB : 7.82%, 195.21 ME

CDN : 0.68%, 17.07 ME

A : 1.18%, 29.37 ME

D : 23.72%, 592.12 ME

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Industrial policy

About 90% of ESA’s budget is spent on contracts with European industry, mainly for R&D.

ESA's industrial policy ensures a guaranteed return for Member States on contributions, both financially and in terms of technical development activity.

Aims :

• Improve competitiveness of European industry• Conduct cost-effective R & D, and operations• Ensure equitable participation for all Member States

European space industry employs 40 000 people directly and 250 000 indirectly.

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The birth of commercial operators

ESA is responsible for research and development of space projects.

Operational systems are transferred to new or specially established organisations:

• On completion of qualification, these projects are handed over to outside bodies for the production/exploitation phase.

• Launchers : Arianespace - launcher production phase• Communications : Eutelsat & Inmarsat - international communications services via

ECS/MARECS• Meteorology : Eumetsat - Meteosat weather satellites

téléco

mm

unica

tions

navigationfabrication des

satellites*

lancements

vente de capacités**

segment sol

2,9*

1,8

8,7

54,73,5

7,1

0,1*2,1°

0,5

0,8

0,8

0,2

0,1

0,6 (année creuse)

Comm

unicat

ions

Navig

ation

Satellitemanufacturing*

Launch services

Sale of satellite capacity (or time)

Ground equipment

Value added services

2.4*

1.4*

7.6

50 of which 25 for DTH TV broadcasting platforms

4

7

2.4*

0.5

0.1*

0.1

Fixed & mobile PSTN trunking,IP trunking,

TV broadcasting to professionals and direct-to-users,

High bit rate communications,Multimedia services

* Significant annual variations related to the number of satellites launched per year.

The manufacturing of Earth observation satellites with commercial applications is mainly funded by Governments.

30,4TT&C, opération 0,2 FSS BtoB 3,4

FSS BtoC 25,2 MSS 1,2

multimedia 0,4

Terminals for consumer and business users

Current value chains for the 3 commercial satellite applications Values for the year 2002 in billions of €

ESA Workshop On Space Industry, A presentation to the Polish industry - Warsaw May 2004Copyright Euroconsult, All rights reserved

Eart

h O

bserv

ati

on

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Space science

For over 30 years ESA's space science projects have shown the scientific benefits of multi-nation cooperation.

Areas covered by ESA:

• Space environment of the Earth

• Solar-terrestrial interaction

• Interplanetary medium

• Moon, planets and other objects

• Stars and the universe

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Science missions over recent years

The ESA Giotto probe (launched in 1985) became the first spacecraft ever to meet two comets:

Between 1989 and 1993 the Hipparcos satellite collected data on the positions and movements of a million stars. The catalogues were published in 1997

The infrared space observatory (ISO) was launched in 1995 and concluded its operation in 1998, giving the first detailed view and spectra of infrared celestial objects

HIPPARCOS

ISO

GIOTTO/ HALLEY

• Comet Halley, 1986• Comet Grigg-Skjellerup, 1992

Image of Nucleus of Comet HalleyAs observed by Giotto in 1986

SCI 04 - Mar 2002

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Newton (XMM)

Cluster 2

Soho

Cassini / Huygens

Ulysses

Hubble

UlyssesSolar Polar Orbit

SCI 08 - Nov 2002

North Polar PassesJun-Sep 1995Sep-Dec 2001

Jupiter (orbit)

Earth (orbit)Sun

South Polar PassesJun-Nov 1994

Sep 2000-Jan 2001

PerihelionMar 1995

Jupiter Fly-byFeb 1992

Launch06.10.1990

1995

1991

1994

1993

1992

1998

1997

1996

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European astronauts

ESA astronauts:• Jean-François Clervoy (France)• Pedro Duque (Spain)• Léopold Eyharts (France)• Reinhold Ewald (Germany)• Christer Fuglesang (Sweden)• Umberto Guidoni (Italy)• André Kuipers (Netherlands)• Paolo Nespoli (Italy)• Claude Nicollier (Switzerland)• Philippe Perrin (France)• Thomas Reiter (Germany)• Hans Schlegel (Germany)• Gerhard Thiele (Germany)• Michel Tognini (France)• Roberto Vittori (Italy)• Frank De Winne (Belgium)

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Spacelab and Euromir

Spacelab

Euromir

• A pressurised module designed and built by ESA where astronauts work in a shirt-sleeve environment.

• Carrier pallets added to this module in the Shuttle's cargo bay.

• Over 20 missions with ESA or other astronauts are flown. Neurolab in 1998 was last Spacelabmission.

• Missions onboard Mir station: - Euromir 94 (31 days) - Euromir 95 (179 days)• Benefits: - specific training and flight experience - know-how to conduct experiments onboard a space station.

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The International Space Station

ESA-COLOMBUS

JAPAN

USA

CANADA

RUSSIA

ESA-ATV

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The quest for information about the Earth

ESA has developed the Meteosat and MSG series of weather satellites, the environmental and climate research and monitoring satellites ERS-1 & 2, Envisat and prepares for the future, METOP, to provide tools for:

• Meteorology

• Environmental & climate monitoring

• Earth resource management

& other applications

Impression of MeteosatSeven spacecraft launched between 1977 and 1997

EOP 03 - Mar 2002

Image of the EarthAs seen by Meteosat

EOP 01 - Mar 2002

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ENVISAT

ERS-1/2

A radar view of the Earth: ERS, ENVISAT

The Earth Observation Satellite ERS-2In the ESA Test Centre in 1994. Launched on 21 April 1995

EOP 06 - Mar 2002

EnvisatOn Hydra Facility in the ESA Test Centre in 1999

EOP 08 - Mar 2002

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1st AR1 . LO11979

1st AR3 . V101984

1st AR2 . V201987

1st AR4 . V221988

AR5 . V1011997

100st AR4 . V1342000

Ariane success story

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Telecommunication: a commercial success

Communication satellites represent the largest worldwide commercial space market.

• Fixed services• Broadcasting• Mobile communications• Navigation• Data relay• Multimedia

Key areas of interest to ESA are:

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From OTS to ARTEMIS

OTS

ECS OLYMPUS

MARECS

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ARTEMIS

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Satellite Navigation: EGNOS and Galileo

EGNOS, European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service

• Augments the reliability of GPS and GLONASS signals

• A joint effort of the EU, ESA and Eurocontrol• An institutional, industrial and operational

breakthrough in the field• Space segment: navigation transponders on

Inmarsat III and Artemis satellites• Operational as of 2004

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Galileo: satellite navigation "Made in Europe"

30 satellites (27 operational and 3 spares) on three circular orbits, inclined at 56° to the Equator, at an altitude of 23 616 km.

Three phases: Development and in-Orbit Validation (2001-2005)/ Deployment (2006-2007)/ Commercial Operations (2008)

Applications supported by Galileo: control of road, rail, air and sea traffic, synchronised data transmission between computers, and many others.

Significant economic benefits: a return on investment of 4.6 and creation of over 140 000 jobs.

Two Galileo control centres will be established in Europe to handle satellite operations and manage the navigation system.

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APPLICATIONS OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY

•SATELLITE WIDE BAND / INTERNET

•E-GOVERNMENT

•TELE-EDUCATION

•TELE-MEDICINE

•EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT

•EMERGENCY TELECOMMUNICATIONS

•WIDE BAND IN RURAL AREAS

•SURVEILANCE / SECURITY APPLICATIONS

•ROAD TRAFFIC CONTROL

•AIRPORT TRAFIC CONTROL

•MARITIME APPLICATIONS

Some examples of applications and projects supported by ESA

are shown in the next slides

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REMSAT Architecture

SATMODE: a New Dimension of Interactive Satellite-based Television

•with the content providers •with other consumers, on TV •with other infrastructures (GSM, internet) •in real time •at any time •all the time

Joint Project of:SES-ASTRA-LUSES GLOBAL-LUNEWTEC-BTHOMSON-FST-MICROLECTR.-FNDS-FCANAL+-F

Development of a low-cost two-way communication channel for satellite TV users.Connecting TV consumers individually, both ways:

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REMSAT Architecture

Broadband to Trains

Satellite -Wi-Fi access system for use on trains for multimedia, broadband internet and intranet access.

Direct reception of satellite television channels on the same satellite is also possible.

GPRS and Wi-Fi access between the train and available networks (e.g. in stations and in tunnels) is also provided.

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REMSAT Architecture

RCST - Remote Communities Services Telecentre

Α telecentre for remote communities to provide telelearning, telehealth, small business and rural development, communications and information access services.

Adapted to the telecomms environment of a community or region, becoming a shared resource for a community or region, a common point through which a variety of services should be concentrated for cost effective service delivery.

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REMSAT Architecture

Satellite technology to deliver content for both pupils and teachers

Use of satellite communications in British schools has soared - 06 Mar 2003Now more than 1000 schools have signed up to the broadband educational content provider Espresso Broadband Ltd.

Prime Minister Tony Blair met Espresso on 23 May 2000, at the launch of the Northern Grid for Learning. Director LewisBronze explained how Espresso works, watched by Northern Grid Manager Mel Phillipson and children from Rookhope School demonstrated Espresso.

"Espresso for Schools"

Espresso for Schools won the BETT 2000 Award for Innovation

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REMSAT Architecture

SchoolCast

ATiT Ireland Ltd [IRL]Web-Sat [IRL] GCS - [A] Intel IT Innovation Centre [IRL] NCTE [IRL] HEAnet [IRL]

Plan, design, implement and bring to pilot utilisation a content delivery system, whereby a variety of multimedia files (internet, video, audio, image) is multicast to 10 or more Irish schools using a 2-way satellite infrastructure, and cache the files at the school server for fast local access.

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REMSAT Architecture

TRAPEZE

Development of an effective learning environment to meet the needs of occupational travellers.

Tutoring resources appropriate to the very specific needs of these children are increasingly available

The objective is therefore to find an accessible and cost-effective network that will support a reliable and fit-for-purpose communications system to make such tutoring resources available to these children

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SKYMED

Alenia Spazio [I], ITS [I], Padova Ricerche Scpa [I], Sudler & Hennesey [UK], TelBios S.p.A. [I]

Design and evaluation of a new teaching and communication model for Medical Distance Learning whose Continuing Medical Education (CME) is an integral part.The project implemented an operative Service Centre based on the Desnet Platform (Euromednet) and SkyplexNet platform for the delivery of Medical Distance Learning service.

For the Pilot purposes two medical courses have been prepared: one on Day surgery and another on the New Medical Imaging Technologies.

Includes the definition and development of a suitable multimedia interface for on-line and off-line training activities, also providing voice and textual chat interactions among the different client sites.

The Project pilot involves seven classrooms in different public Local Health Authorities (ASL) and ten single users in the Veneto Region.

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REMSAT Architecture

SpaceForScience

Alcatel Space [F] IBM [F] UNESCO [F] C2Consultants [F] Divona [MC] Eurasiasat [MC]

Facilitate the scientific cooperation in Europe, especially in Southern and Eastern Europe, by providing virtual, collaborative, working and education applications for research institutions, via either fast academic networks or bi-directional satellite links.

Group of users, selected with the help of UNESCO

•Life Science (Molecular biology and genetics/ epidemiology/ plant biotechnology) •Nanotechnology (solar, hydrogen, fuel cell energy conversion cycle) •Information and Communication technologies (security/ satellite/ signal processing/ GRID) •Earth Science (earthquake hazard mitigation)

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www.esa.int

(general ESA site - all programs and info)

telecom.esa.int

(specific to telecom activities - info on past and ongoing contracts)

emits.esa.int

(Electronic publication of esa clls for proposal)