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Technical Advisor Advanced Engineering

Estimation and Control of Diesel Engine Processes Utilizing Variable Intake Valve Actuation

Lyle E. Kocher

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Experimental Test Bed Model Based Approach Gas Exchange Model

Manifold Filling Dynamics Volumetric Efficiency Oxygen Fraction Dynamics

Combustion Model

PCCI Combustion Timing Model Controller Development

PCCI Combustion Timing Summary

Presentation Overview

VGT Position

EGR Valve Position

EGR VALVE

Exhaust

Intake Manifold

Exhaust Manifold

CAC

IVC Modulation

Fueling

EGR Cooler

FRESH AIR

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2010 Cummins ISB 360 HP (268 kW) 17.3:1 Compression Ratio Common Rail Fuel Injection Air-Handling System

Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve Variable Geometry Turbocharger

Variable Valve Actuation System Electro-Hydraulic System Cylinder Independent Cycle-to-cycle

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Gas Exchange Process

Combustion Process

Conventional combustion

Advanced combustion strategies (i.e. PCCI, LTC)

EGR valve position

VGT position

Valve Timing

Engine speed

Exhaust gas enthalpy

mIVC

[O2]IVC

ECR

TIVC

mixing

Fuel injection

Torque

Emissions

Fuel consumption Exhaust gas

enthalpy

Model Based Approach

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Physically-based generalizable models Validated experimentally Validated via analysis (math-based stability, convergence rate, and sensitivity/uncertainty analysis)

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5 Model States Intake Manifold

Pressure Temperature

Exhaust Manifold Pressure Temperature

Turbo Shaft Speed VGT

Position

EGR Valve Position

EGR VALVE

Exhaust

EGR Cooler

Intake Manifold

Exhaust Manifold

LFE AIR FILTER FRESH AIR

CAC

Intake Valve Modulation

Fueling Commands

Gas Exchange Model

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Intake Manifold State Equations

Exhaust Manifold State Equations

Turbocharger Speed State Equation

( )im imim egr egr c cac e imim

Rp W T W T W TV

= +

( ) ( ) ( )im imim egr im egr im c im cac im e im im imim im

R TT W T T W T T W T TP V

= + +

( )exh exhem e f exh egr em t emem

Rp W W T W T W TV

= +

( )( ) ( ) ( )em emem e f em exh em egr em em em t em em emem em

R TT W W T T W T T W T TP V

= + + +

m turb comptc

turb tc

P PI

=

Gas Exchange Model

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Volumetric Efficiency Model

Exhaust Enthalpy Model

Analytical Turbocharger Performance Functions

( )1

1 eae a

kkf LHVim e

evo tdck kc im evo e im

a N b m Qp kECRT Vm R V k P ECR

+ = +

2e im vol dNW V =

( ) ( )( ) ( )

, ,

, ,c c turb t t turb

c c turb t t turb

W f PR N W f PR N

f PR N f PR N

= =

= =

Gas Exchange Model

( ) ( ) ( )eff ef ivo ivf civcim ivc em ivo em evc ivo im ik

v v p ivo ivc s

vol

vc ivo wall imivc

im d p

VP V P V P V V P V V T T

Vc c

c

R

P

c R h

V

A

+

=

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Volumetric Efficiency Model Results

5% Lines 2.5% RMS Error

Gas Exchange Model

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1850 RPM, 300 ft-lb

Gas Exchange Model Results

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imim amb c em egr im e

im im

RTF F W F W F WP V

= +

( )emem eo e f em egr em tem em

RTF F W W F W F WP V

= +

Gas Exchange Model

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Gas Exchange Model

Oxygen Fraction Estimator Results

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Start of Combustion Prediction

Red lines are 2CA

PCCI Combustion Timing Model

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What needs to be controlled to control PCCI combustion timing?

Can we separate dynamics?

Slower dynamics driven by gas exchange process

Faster dynamics driven by fuel injection process

PCCI Combustion Timing Model

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1600 rpm & 140 ft-lbf Fim Command Step Change

PCCI Combustion Timing Controller

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1600 rpm & 140 ft-lbf SOC Command Step Change

PCCI Combustion Timing Controller

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Experimental Test Bed Model Based Approach Gas Exchange Model

Manifold Filling Dynamics Volumetric Efficiency Oxygen Fraction Dynamics

Combustion Model

PCCI Combustion Timing Model Controller Development

PCCI Combustion Timing Summary

Summary

VGT Position

EGR Valve Position

EGR VALVE

Exhaust

Intake Manifold

Exhaust Manifold

CAC

IVC Modulation

Fueling

EGR Cooler

FRESH AIR

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Estimation and Control of Diesel Engine Processes Utilizing Variable Intake Valve ActuationPresentation OverviewExperimental Test BedModel Based ApproachGas Exchange ModelGas Exchange ModelGas Exchange ModelGas Exchange ModelGas Exchange ModelGas Exchange ModelGas Exchange ModelPCCI Combustion Timing ModelPCCI Combustion Timing ModelPCCI Combustion Timing ControllerPCCI Combustion Timing ControllerSummary