ENVIRO-ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS AND WASTE...
Transcript of ENVIRO-ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS AND WASTE...
ENVIRO-ECONOMIC
INSTRUMENTS AND WASTE
MANAGEMENT: THE
PROSPECTS OF APPLYING
THE INDIFFERENT
CONSUMERS-PAY PRINCIPLE
FOR MALAYSIA
BY
ENVIRO-NP2O SDN. BHD. (εεεε- NP2O)
PRESENTED BY
DATO’ DR A. BAKAR BIN JAAFAR
21ST CENTURY
SOLUTIONS
TO
18TH CENTURY PROBLEMS:
WASTE-to-RESOURCE
(W2R)TM
© A.Bakar.Jaafar
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
POLICY IN PLACE
MALAYSIA’S POSITION ON
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT,
1971
“Solid waste collection is satisfactory but the disposal system is largely by controlled tipping and burning. The disposal of solid
waste is a problem like those in any countries and an organized programme in
this direction is needed. The local authorities in many cases are hampered by
lack of trained experienced personnel, financial resources, and knowledge of the
effects of health.”
(Ref: Malaysia, Government of (1971). Report of the Government of Malaysia for the
UN Conference on Human Environment. April 1. p. 10.)
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POLICY IN PLACE
• The Third Outline Perspective Plan (2001-2010)(OPP-3)
• The 8th Malaysia Plan (2001-2005)
• The 9th Malaysia Plan (2006-2010)
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THE 3RD OUTLINE PERSPECTIVE
PLAN (2001-2010)(OPP-3)
“… the government will consider the adoption of a comprehensive waste management policy … as well as to formulate strategies for waste reduction, reuse, and recycling.”
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THE 8TH MALAYSIA PLAN
(2001-2005)
(i) “the adoption of a comprehensive waste management policy to address the issues of waste reduction, reuse and recycling;”
(ii) the conduct of “relevant studies and demonstration projects to ascertain the viability and the acceptability of a waste recycling industry”;
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THE 8TH MALAYSIA PLAN
(2001-2005) (…continued)
(iii) the introduction by local authorities of “various initiatives and appropriate economic approaches such as incentives and collection charges to reduce the amount of household waste;” and
(iv) “A clearing house mechanism be established to facilitate industrial symbiosis, whereby one industry’s waste could be another’s resource.” (8MP:550)
9TH MALAYSIA PLAN
(2006-2010) &
SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT:
OVERVIEW
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REVIEW
• Waste Generation in P. Malaysia:
19,100 tonnes/day (0.8 kg/capita/day);
• Waste Composition: Food Waste (45%),
Plastic (24%), Paper (7%), Iron (6%),
Glass & Others (3%);
• Rate of Recycling: less than 5%
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THE NATIONAL STRATEGIC PLAN FOR
SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (SWM)
• Upgrading unsanitary landfills, construction of new sanitary landfills & transfer stations with integrated Materials Recovery Facilities;
• 4 Rs: Reduction, Reuse, Recovery, and Recycling;
• Use of environment-friendly materials eg bioplastics;
• Legislation to streamline SWM as per the Strategic Plan;
• Awareness campaigns, public education on the benefits of practising sustainable consumption; and
• Establishment of Solid Waste Management Department.
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MAIN FUNCTIONS OF SW
MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT
• To implement the National Strategic Plan for Solid Waste Management (Strategic Plan); and
• To administer solid waste policy, planning and management in holistic
manner.
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ECONOMIC APPROACHES
• To expand the use of economic instrumentsand market-based measures inter alia the polluters-pay principle, user-fees, & economic-valuation techniques;
• To use innovative funding mechanisms; and
• To conduct pilot studies and projects to operationalise the implementation of such innovative market-based instruments.
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PARADIGM SHIFT
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DISPOSAL
TREATMENT
COLLECTION
recycle
recover
reuse
REPOSITORY
treatment
collection
RECYCLE
RECOVER
REUSE
PARADIGM SHIFT IN WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Paradigm Shift
Current Practice Future PracticeTo be Promoted by
εεεε- NP2O
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POLICY INTERVENTION
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POLICY INTERVENTION
• Imposition of “Blue” Levy for un-returned goods after use
• Promotion of manufactured goods containing recycled materials
• Promotion of renewable energy from waste
• Exclusivity to Enviro-NP2O (εεεε- NP2O) and its
strategic partners
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
COMPARATIVE APPROACH
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COMPARATIVE APPROACH BY
COUNTRY
Polluters
Litterbugs
Proposed Approach
for Malaysia
by
εεεε- NP2 O
CONSUMERS
Enforcementeg: Singapore
Polluters Pay
Principle/Take-Back
Policyeg: Germany
INDUSTRIES
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CONCEPT
W RASTE ESOURCE
NO DIFFERENCE, EXCEPT IN VALUE
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PRINCIPLE & STRATEGY
• Principle: Indifferent Consumers Must Pay!
• Strategy:1. Consumers to purchase new item by returning the old
one or by exchanging the goods with smart credit
points; and
2. Consumers earn smart credit points by returning old items
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
PROPOSED SCHEME BY
εεεε- NPNPNPNP2222OOOOGOVERNMENT
CONSUMERS
εεεε- NP2O•Non-Profit +
•Non-Private
Org.
RETAILERS
WASTE
EXCHANGER
MANUFACTURING
INDUSTRIES
W2E
COMPANY
LANDFILL
OPERATOR
STORAGE
SALES OF GOODS
CONTAINING
RECYCLED
MATERIALS
SALES OF GREEN
ELECTRICITY
•Soft Loan•Study Grant•R&D•Policy Studies•Education•Training•Awareness
•Investment
Return old items
Receipt of
Credit Points
Pay Levy or Redeem Credit
Points
Return of Levy
Annual
Policy Review
Performance
Report
Purchase of
Goods
GRID
TO
THE
KEY$ RMEnergy or Material
WASTE
TO
MATERIALS
Commission
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
PROGRAMME
IMPLEMENTATION
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
IMPLEMENTATION
• Build both physical and ICT infrastructure for waste
collection & for giving away smart credit points;
• Build facilities to recover & store the collected
materials;
• Industries will produce new goods containing
recycled materials;
• Build Waste-to-Energy (W2E) and other facilities
for items not taken up by the industries
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
Secretariat
ICT Technical Legal Communication R&D
Chief Environmental Officer(CEO)
Enviro-NP2OSdn. Bhd.
Trust Fund
Board of Trustees
Blue Foundation
Government of Malaysia
Ministry of Natural Resources
& the Environment(MNRE)
Ministry of Local Government
& Housing(MLGH)
Ministry ofFinance(MOF)
Ministry ofDomestic Trade
& Industry(MDTI)
OtherFederal & State
Agencies
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Registrar ofCompany(ROC)
Registrar of Society(ROS)
ROCPublic
• To Protect
Public Interest
• To Promote a Specific Interest
• To make profit& protect privateinterest
Figure The Need for Establishment of the 4th Institution :
Non-Private Organisation for Helping the Government to Protect Public Interest and for Promoting Public Goods & Services
PrivateNGONPOGovernment NPO
• To Promote
Public Goods & Services
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TABLE
ATTRIBUTE & ROLE OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE
INSTITUTIONS
Attribute
& Role
Institution
PRIVATE
Non-Private(NPO)
&
PUBLIC
Character
Profit-
making
Non-Profit
making
Role #1
To develop
& promote
#2
To develop
& promote
Consumer
Goods &
Services
Public
goods &
Services
Shareholders’
Interest
Public
Interest
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
LEGAL & INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENT:
OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE
StrategicPartners
GovernmentManagement
ENVIRO-NP2O SDN. BHD.(Non-Profit, Non-Private Entity)
W-Logistic EPC R&DW2E
51% (5 - 14%) (30 - 44%)
100%70%10%30%
Enviro-ICT
60%
Vendor-SupplierNetwork
Waste-to-Energy Smart Applications
Project Management
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
Projected Waste Generation in
Malaysia: Collected &
“Uncollected” Portion, 2003-2008
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Year
Wa
ste
Ge
ne
ratio
n
Uncollected by
the Existing
Concessionnaires
Collected bythe ExistingConcessionnaires
by Existing
Concessionnaires
To be tackled by
εεεε- NP2O
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
(Un-returned waste-material)
REVENUE MODEL
• P, Population
• g, Waste generation per capita, per day
• R, Revenue
• r, Portion of waste uncollected
• s, Value of Imposed Levy
1 2 3 4
10%
20%
30%
40%
Wa
ste
Un
co
llecte
d (
r)
Year R(t) = risigiP1 x (365 days/year)(Tonne/1000kg)RM
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
PRESENT MANAGEMENT BY TYPE OF WASTE &
CURRENT CONCESSIONAIRE
???
IWK
Northern
Waste
Southern
Waste
Alam Flora
RM 380 MilKualiti Alam
Sdn. Bhd.
Complementary
Concessionaire-Designate
Agro
Waste
Liquid
Waste
(Sewage)
Solid
Waste
(Municipal)
Toxic &
Hazardous
Waste
(Industrial)
ENVIRO-NP2O
SDN. BHD.
Concessionaire
Waste Type
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
PROBLEM & SOLUTION
(i) “ Dry” ,“Wet”, and “Toxic” Waste are sorted at source. (ii)
Those who return old/used items at designated smart-collection centres will earn credit points
Practices
(i) Consumers will return the old items and earn smart credit points AND
(ii) Any litter in the street or drainage will be somehow
collected; because it has value.
Effect
Consumers buying new goods must return the old ones, if not,
they pay in the form of levyMethod
Indifferent consumers must payPrinciple
Waste ≡≡≡≡ Resource, except in valueConcept
SOLU-
TION
PROBLEM = Garbage
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
BENEFITS TO VARIOUS
STAKEHOLDERS
• Government
• Households
• Industries
• Business & Commerce
• Power & Utility
• Landfill Operator & Incinerator
• Technology
• Society
• The Environment
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
Key Success Factors
1. Policy Intervention
• Imposition of levy for un-returned goods after use• Promotion of manufactured goods containing recycled
materials• Promotion of renewable energy from waste
• Exclusivity to Enviro-NP2O (εεεε- NP2O) and its strategic partners
• Annual Review of Performance and the Levy Policy
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
Key Success Factors (continued)
2. Integration of Proven Technologies through Smart Partnership
• Interface of Differential Material Sensors, Material Classification Software (e-ClassSoft TM) and MyKadTM
• Rolling out of Collection Centres at Strategic Locations (e.g Gas Stations and Retail Outlets)
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
Key Success Factors (continued)
3. Public Support and Participation
• Successful implementation of ‘Pilot’ Community: “Dry”“Wet”, and “Toxic” Waste Sorted at Source
• Increase in Public Awareness through Education and Promotion
• Growing participation by individuals and civic groups
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
Key Success Factors (continued)
4. Finance
• Sufficient ‘seed’ investment in policy formulation and implementation of Pilot Project.
• Sustainability of the NP2O from returns of its initial investment in profitable operations.
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Prof Dr Azahari IsmailPolicy Review
Prof Madya Dr Mohd Nasir Hassan
Theng Chee Long
Waste Data and Statistics
Khizmie Mohamad
S. T. Chen
Ir. Mazlan Mahamad Badawi
PowerPoint
Mohamad Hafiz KassimKey Success Factors
Dato’ Dr A. Bakar Jaafar
Dr Tong Soo Loong
Prof Dr Muhamad Awang
Ir Tengku Jamal Tengku Nassier
Ir Aziz Ismail
Graphics
Project Overview
Life Cycle Analysis
Engineering & Design
Control System
Dato’ Dr A. Bakar JaafarProject Concept & Idea
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
BIBLIOGRAPHY• Abu Bakar Jaafar, and Maheswaran, A., (1978), “Recovery Against Disposal of Wastes for A
Sustained National Development,” Paper presented at the MOSTE Seminar on the Application of Science and Technology to Development, Kuala Lumpur, June 15-16. 18p.
• A. Bakar Jaafar, (1999), “Promotion of Mentor-Mentee Concept Towards Corporate Environmental Management,” Paper presented athe ICM Workshop on Waste Management 2000, Radisson Plaza Hotel, 6-7 April. 23p.
• A. Bakar Jaafar, (2000), “Challenges in the New Millenium: A Perspective of Environmental Consulting and Contracting Services,” Paper presented at the Environmental Management Seminar on Challenges in the New Millennium, 15 September. Hotel Pacific Hotel, Kuala Lumpur. 9p.
• A. Bakar Jaafar, (2001), “Prospects for Alternative Management of Waste in Malaysia,” Paper presented at the 2001 Waste Management: ASIA Solid & Hazardous Waste Management Trade Expo & Conference, 7-9 November, Sunway Pyramid Convention, Petaling Jaya, Malaysia.
• Abu Bakar Jaafar, (2001), “Greening of the Industry: Industrial Response to Sustainable Development,” Paper presented at the Academy of Sciences of Malaysia Seminar on Sustainable Development: A Blueprint for Asia, 13 February. Kuala Lumpur. 50p.
• A. Bakar Jaafar, (2001), “Sustainable Consumption,” Universiti Putra Malaysia National Seminar “Penggunaan Lestari: Cabaran Globalisasi,” Equatorial Hotel, Bangi, Selangor, 17May. 32p.
• Abu Bakar Jaafar and Noor Mohamed Haniba, (2002), “The Role of Non-Private Organization (NPO) in Waste Management,” Paper presented at the AAAWM Symposium: Charting Strategies for Waste Management in Developing Countries, 9-12 September. Nikko Hotel, Kuala Lumpur. 10p.
• Malaysia, (1971), Government of , Report for the United Nations Conference on Human Environment. April 1. 22p.
• Malaysia, Statement of, (1972), UN Conference on Human Environment, Stockholm, 1-5 June. 4p. • Malaysia, (2001). Eighth Malaysia Plan (2001-2005) (8MP). Kuala Lumpur: Percetakan Nasional
Berhad. p.550.• Malaysia, (2001), The Third Outline Perspective Plan (2001-2010). Kuala Lumpur: Percetakan
Nasional Berhad, p. 187.
© A.Bakar.Jaafar Ppt by khizmie.mohamad
INNOVATOR-PROMOTERDato’ Ir. Dr. A. Bakar Jaafar, P.Eng., FIEM, FASc
[email protected]@gmail.comMobile: +6 012 320 7201
Chariot Enterprise Sdn Bhd
Enviro-LIFT Services Sdn Bhd(www.envirolift.com.my)6B Jalan Astaka L (U8/L)
40150 Shah AlamSelangor, MALAYSIA
Updated: May 25, 2006