En Ur En Makkal: History of Mettupatti village By Mr. Roosevelt, Tiruchirappalli
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This document explained about the unrevealed matters and great personalities of a village called Mettupatti near Lalgudi in Tiruchirappalli district. It is written by the native villager.
Transcript of En Ur En Makkal: History of Mettupatti village By Mr. Roosevelt, Tiruchirappalli
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(sB ]W]^) sB 14 >Kz k^ VB \[[ gE >V \VVi >k^ WVD gE x\m o, >VVN VV^ zDM gE mkD g gE
1404-1558 1559-1736 1636-1740 1740-1743 1743-1749 1749-1790 1790-1900 1801-1947
kkl[ zDM gE u g|V 1790 x>_ 1900 klV V _ *[>V[ V\^ ||>. kVV V^D guz k c^ V\ VzD k[MB [ V]BV Vk_VVF kV^. k^ >^ V\]VKD, m FVKD kV [ u x>oBk ] k>V^.39 s> kV_ \|lo>k^ tD s>kD, \u V\z Vk_V \Vl>]V_ kz *[>VV_ s Vk_ \VMBx|. \m lom mV sxm >VV]l[ V[ {xm kV[ mR *[ >Vz wV kV]D (.5000/-) DD u k Fm k>V. iV B ]V> > >[ k[MB[ Vk_ k W[m.40 \u tEBV|> (Mission) \VV^ [ >[ > |lom | z] VbD Vm z Vk_V^ ]V^ [D >V \D xkmD zDM WkV]_ >m [D c\BVm. \KD, V^D guz klzD V\z k[MB Vk_VVF k>V^ [54
uz g>VD [ [> kVu V[^ JD VVD.
mR *[mR *[ V_o \zD, \zD B c^ 20,340 D, 120 V\D Vm. > *M[ DBV_ k> [ kV 1880 om 1899 k *[>VV 41 m s> kE D, J ]D B_|]^V. \m K>[ l[ mR *M[ \| V\D >m [ uz g>VD mk \KD km V> V\^ \|\ kz c\. \u V\^ km _z c>>V_ kk_ FD c\B [ kVD u>V. k, \|l_ VBV >mV|, kz Ty B_V|_ ]\ cV m kk_ FD c\B \m > {xm kVz V|]VD. kV kakaBVF k> \VV D XXV-[ >Vm km z|D]u ]|D. M_ > VBz kV WBtzD ]VD V]uz BVm D ko]B>V_ *[>V[ Dz V]\Vk m kw| k>m >V][m. mk gB gE V]KD >V][m. EV BVukz BV, z], V[ V[ \[^ *[zD, *[^ z], kV^ V[k VkuVzD kwl[. \m mR *M[ >V[ ][m. M_ B *[ VV>V l_ m 57 V\ suV. cBVVBD _ A \m z w^m. , \VA ]EV^z \u \]> V]V_ \m V\D mR *M[ >V[ >m [m c].55
kV \m V\D > u^ V\_ k_ FB WBt kV { xm k[ T y B_^ \lB FD.
Vk_V^ 42gB gE \Vk]_ kk>uz x[ ]EV^ \Vk][ E z]^ >VV WVD gElKD, E z] > \VB^ gElKD, \KD Dz]^ guV| kV[ gElKD, z E z]^ VBV^ gElKD m k]>uV g>V^ kVu_ V|[. gB[ kz x[, >Vkm \u gEz V_ k VBV^ _m Vk_V^ [ w>V^. ]EV^ \Vk][ x>_ gE>kV 1801_ Vu V[ kV [ gB, cBV VBD, B, mR x>oB VBV >> z]l_ V][ [V m F>V. > s[R V|D uV| >> VBV[ kV >Vm WkVD FB kak F>m. \KD 1802-gD g[ \VV E[ g XXV-D km kV c\B VD F>m. 1817-_ VB V *[^ [ \VV VD F>m. > g|_ k[ W WBD FBm. k^ kV[ V\D > u^ V\D \|\ kz c\BVl. *[ _z z]_ k kozD c\ \|\ *[z >m. *[^ W>z c>V^. 1. i z >k u|DVm Vbk]uz g k|D.56
2. \Vk gE>k[ z | k|D. kVV i E[ Am k> V [V mR *M[ [V ]. {xm k >V. *[[ _kVz zB>VB V_, k^ VBVVD, *[ >m c^kVD \V. k>V[ ]. {xm k *[ [D z, ]. sxm k >VV] [D, [ ]. QVV]D k [D >[ [ \T| ].V [ ka>V[_^ >. *M[ \Vu]uz z i gEx \Vu V| k>Vm ]. {xm k k[ z|D]uz V\ x[ >s >m. \KD, ]. V k[ BVD, gB km gEz z] i V (British Raj) [ w> V>V_ km >> kz V [ B k]V. V [ V_ \>]om ]> >tV_.
V\ x[^ (V\ ]V^)]. sxm ]. k. \BD (]. >Vt k[ >>) ]. ] (_Vs[ >>) ]. gxD z x[ >s VVk]BV VAO [ V_ A]B \VD um.
V\ VBm >k^ :]. E[BV ^ ]. gVD _BV ]. ]Vt ]\]. VVo ]. \\V[ ( 2011 -_ Vkm x)57
58
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4. k[MBz ]B^
k[MB z ]B^ [k^ BV [> kVu V[^ Vm D mV^ xu|kVD.
k[M [ V_Kz VbD sD 43 V >t V]l_ V||^m. k[M : V ; z]; >z : k[MB[ k[MB : V]BV k[MB[ : >>[; V]BV[ B k[\ : D k[ : k k[^ : T>[\ k[A : kuA]V_k[ k[\D : ko\ k[\V[ : ED k[t>D : >D F>_, kV^>_ \u >t>^ >V \u z[ u >^ ]\lKD, ]KD, |> VB> x]KD, ko\lKD, T]KD >>V sB][ V\V k[MB [ A B[ w. m >tD _K_ wm. > ]\D, >z]D, VxD W>k kV_ ks>\V k \Val_ w>V^. D Vw^ V]_ V]x kV [um. V\D, BD _k K u> >tV| V_ wD, 2007-_ kl|^ \_W x>V\V| kVu A>]_ wz gEB^ ] Fm^. > B^ k[MB^ [>.59
B^gBz^ k \VaB EB V^, ]B^, kEB^ [ kz^ 44 kV]>V^ kVuVEB V_|k_ >m o_ zm^V. gB^ cBBkVD V_kt>V \VaB cBkVD, BVxD [ >k _V>V Wl_ \Va]\ u>V^ [D [V. gB^ x>oo> >DtB \D, BVD cBkVl] k|D. \]BV| B gBzBuD >[M]BVs_ u>VKD VZVKD \A^45 >V[. gBz V_ > VV (\B\uVkBV) nB, (>k) [ BD km ku c_ koBV_ u>[. kVKD, gE]VK\46 um [> V|D. kV|V T[ ]B[ [D, Vs_ V^ [ ][ VV [ D um[ Vs_ I_ u V T (]B) \_ . >[VKD xuV VBV (kk_ gBz F>k^) WBF> u. AmV V[ ]Vs ^ gB |kV_ gBV|, BV z>V| |, z>VzB >k, k\V x>oB (]B) \D47 Vs_ > uV k|D. k, ]B [ VT \ k ]BVs_ w s>D | gB^, zV \>60
>Vmz V\^ > kV>B >[VKD B[|] [m VV][ \u >z] u z \V sBk^ k[ \^, k[M, k[MB[, k[MB^ w] |D. > ]B^ k ]BVs_ VB> gV^ [ kVu V[D c|. [ VV_ ]B [w s>D \V k[MB[ B[ [w s>D \V k[MB B[ [wVD. [ zD [ kV> V]_ _V \zD V]B>V V>V_ k[MB z ]B wVD. VV[, VV Vw[ D, \Vk\[, \Vk\z VB[ D, \] k\[, \] k\ _k[ D zD Vm w>\l[ >VD V]_ ] VVD. k, k[MB z ]B [BwVD. \u gFs[ D z>V _s]KD, gkKD E g|z x[A k kV ] Fm^\ u kK|m kkV \D. k, k[MBz ]B^ V^][ k V\D x\\V >^ Vko[ k]>V^ [m AVm. ..1802-1850 k ]EV^ kVu_ zDM gEl[ k[MBz ]B[ >m t cBkV Vm. 1830gD g_ V^D t[ Rev.Vxk_ B[ VV [ tBV_ j >\l\V V| gDm. 1870D g_ > \VkD ]EV^, j \uD B gB J[ t \VkV m. ms[ V\> >V|> > aB^ BV >V k s|>m. \B { gszB saA61
>_, c\BV [A, skVD k V[ sB^ [. aB >V, >k ] (endowment fund) V^D tV_ .1000/- kz\]BV >[ VB>EBV Rev. VV kz kwm. > J[ t \Vk^ _ k_ ]\V >VKD \^ V\VV ms[ F]B kVBVl>>VKD W]W V>V>>V >m. k j c^j W]lKD VD t[ kwm. D\Vk][ ]B\V J> zkV > Rev. kVt>V k^ z\V[ ]B]uV W]B ] > \|l_ tA z km, A]B \V \|B ckVV. z >l> \^ skVlD, o\V48 V. k >B F]B | kVBBVl> \D V, D Vs_. V, D \^ k]uz s V| >BVVl_. V]_ z ] >V tD zkV>V>V[ >m. M_ k^]_ WD, c\D, V>D wm VF sBkB km, k>wo_ cwm, k\ l[ V> s| \_, \_ s|| V> VD m. kVV gBz t \V, D\V k[MB z ]B^ 1830_ kD mk [ukV V. k gB ]V^ K >V\V kw. >[ z] kmV^, ]_ BD FB, >V B, ] kmV^, mV km V^ V\V K k[MB z ]Bz kwV^. k>V[ \m > |_ >V m kkum z \V >|m. m cBzD, ZD \[zD BVD >|m. >B, xB \Vu m62
|_ |km zD, \ >]uzD V[V V^|m.
>D >V k[MB >k kV49>V k[MB >][ kBm 103, \|l[ kBm 190. DM gE u gVB 1790 - 1900 k BVkD m DMBVz | VD m. > >Vm 1801 x>_ gB gEl[ WkV][ V| k>Vm gB ]A, AE^, >] VV^ >[ \Vk_ \Vu V| ]>m. >[ ]BVs[ z]_ >VD, >oVD, VD, \V, Vw\D, >V\D, V Vm. 19D uV[ xuz]l_ >[ \BV>, >m k |m >[ x>VB \D B k|\ 1906 gD g| ]kV. xm kV \m \_ >\VB x>_ > >Vus>V. >]]uz x[A J[ xD, >]]uz [A J[ xD \| V\]_ [ | u[m. w \z >s, _s kEz >V cuVz g>, x[V[ V^ WkD kD VB^ uV[. kVu cu V[, ][ bzx, sB ^ ku m kM>V_ cs[ xD, k^][ V]V_ kB kk _ zB> \[V_ k k]> [AD k|D. 1906_ \|B >Vm, 1907 1908 EKzkV , ]|_. AmV V\D63
1909 D 1910 ~D 1911 wMBV VBD 1912 [\D 1913 D\V 1914 A^DV 1915 Vz 1916 k^V| 1918 j 1919 VV 1920 sV 1923 z\VD 1925 >V 1941 ]E 1952 _om 1957 V_z 1965 k 1966 VV[ l_ | Vlm. > Bo[ l_ VD >m V^kBm \m x>VB> V>k^ 1819-k^]uz z \u z E> VlVD. >V[ V\Vk k \\V ^ gV gDVD V^VD. >uVm \| >D, \V \V B_V|^ tD \> kl_ \m, wz c>s, BVz V\A, _s V> Wl_ cuVJ \Vk, \Vsz k>D x>o xBuEz ^ x TE_ BV| >uz V\Vk^ >k ].[ VBV () V\VD, B ]. V[, .., ..., V ]. \V[, V ]. s_[ gBV. B_V|^ V>zBkV \V kk>uz x VVV m B xl_ B_|] kk ]\]. _xm BVkV[ k^.64
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5. ^ D
50
B^, _k|^, |^, {k^ kVu _^ gBk[ m V| gVFm ]B >V^ , k[ _ V| gVD Vm ^ [ V_Kz [ V^, ]. kVD k[MB >m o_ z|^V. ^Vu AoB k VB k E>V\, V_ . 741_ zm^V. V_ kVz c > Az> cE\uAk V^ EVMB k^ ^ z]|D kl_ V| kV Vk V^ V. k_V[, >V[, ^k ^k[ D|z x>B[ > _k| Vum. V]_ Au sB ]k\BVB ]]B g zW \[[ A_o ^k V\V[ A_o V m. V _ kD, kVtV kD, Vw ^k [V^. Vw Dl_ ^ [V VV ].\.MkV FBV, >t, >Vz]-2, D, 175-_ z|[V. g \m \uzD Vw zD *|D, >VAV V[ uD >t_V\_ c]|> |[> VVD. ^ >k_ c^k 1141 B^ V| w>>VD VEB65
]. kVD k[MB z|[V. VV Vw[, V]Vw[ V]_ >B >\l\V V| gE F> Vm D\^ V[ m z]KD s> kVuVEB^ z|[. E> > x>VBD gV > zW \[z z\VF ]VD >|m. kV \[[ kD_ g| km VB \m V kVu_ k [Bm x>VBD. M \m _ V|D ^ \^ J[ BV_ w|k> VVD.
VB, [VB, VBJ[ BD [ gVKD W, D, \^ k_ kuV| \s w| w]_ kms>V >VD. x>_ V] Vw[ V]_ ]l_ D [D V k[ |>k D\. D + sB () - B kVV D\[ >] VwE[ z]l_ s _V \ m^\ VVD.
VV, VV^kV, (VVkV), VB :Vkm BV VV [ V|m. k^ V VVwM[ \ [D, VwM[ \ BV, V[, VV[, VB[, VVkV[, [D BV_ D\^, V, VV, VV, VV^kV, VB [D w|k>V m[.
mVB (]VB)D\^ >[ guV| \Vk][ k\uz z]lo> ]V| [ V g \ m Wm.66
] V|z, ]xV V|, \V|, \V| [ k BD c|. B k^__ kV \B\V[ ]xVD ]J[ VB[\V_ kV \FV^ VBVD D\ V>kVkV^. uV Vw^ V]_ ]VB \o> zW \[^. 1. 2. 3. 4. R \B\V[ B cBVV VV \]VB[(SII-Vol. VII. No.874)
s Vw ]VB[ Ins 177 of 1906.
(SII Vol. VIII No. 915) Ins 371 of 1908;
V D ]VB[ (Ins 311 of 1921, 322 of 1921) >VVB ]V\[ (Ins 297 of 1912)
g DJ[ sD \m \_ m, > \bz \ >kV [V^, [m kVu[ c\z c>kV>D. ^ [k >tV[ z]_ VD, EuVD m gk^. |Vkz _ c^ > x[ V]_ x>B [ ^ z >V >m. ^ Ttk, V E, g^s cBk. k^ >kVD, EB_ KkVVD m >D V] k|]Bk^. k^ kaVu \m _ sVB Vs_ kz >sKD, _oBD\[ Vs_ [m VT]lKD \m^m. g 28- \\VzD s[ ]swV V_ x>_\V| A_zD W.67
68
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6. \BD
>t s K>[ ] > tVB_ gB kV 51 (T.E.L.C.)>k t\V^ ]EV^l_ kEm V\[ >Vo V[ [D km ]B> Vu >D \uV V\m. V[[ kV i tBVD E tBVD cAz> ]tm. \V WD, g|\V|^ \F>_, u_ k, ] V kk l>Va_ kV> VD. ]EV^ k> \B\V V| m \ B_. V^>V kz kD, >uz kD | kV m aBD >w>m. gkB ]E>][ \| V\D \]B >V\V kz k]uz sm. 1851-> g|>V[ \| K>[ ]l[ > VV VV|m. 93 gm\V c^B cB> BV ckVm. 1852-]l[ skVD >VBm. z\VD V\]_ { mkm. 1855-sV, Vz, A^DV >Vm. ^ >V[ kz k][ \B\V \|l_ m V| z\V FB z\l[ kEB> D E tEBV[ D c>m. 1866-88 x>_ zkV Rev.M.Vxk_ nB \| V gm\[ nBV_ WBtV. kB V]_ z\ m.69
>t s K>[ ]. > tVB_ gBD70
26.1.1866-z\ ]A swV g| m. mk >t s K>[ ]l[ V\ z __ x>Vkm z _D [ \B V|^m. > 22 g| V zl_ Rev. M.Vt>Vv[ nBk^ m BVu aB> E>V^. 1883-z tBVM[ V>s \uD V\ [VV|D gBD EV x| 28.05.1883 [ D MB J.M.N. kV nB kV_ ]i FBm. 1888-1895-wV| VD Rev.. BV[ ms[ l_ ~|V| VV. kB cB> D, B lV_ gBD xm. [V_ tBVVm. > g|_ >V[ CSI #B ]BV gBD ]i FBm. 1895-1902-Rev. T. MB_ nBk^ kk z B >V>V^. 1902-1906-Rev. S. gVD k^ >VVu ms[ l F>V^. k BVuB g_>V[ ]^ gD ^BV cB um. 14.11.1905->..K. gD^ VD um. 1906-1907-Rev. G. Vxk_ nB zkV {V| \|D A>V. 1907-1916-> [m g|_ Rev. xmVt, QVD, Rev.>kVBD gBV D EA\V Fm l[ kEB \F>. 1916-1923- Rev.J. gVBD nBk^ wV|^ >[ B EA[ F>V^.71
1923-1928-Rev.BVA nBk^ l[ kEz V|V. 1928-1934-V\V[ nBk[ aBD ~V|^ m WkBm. 23.05.1933-gB > o swV |> g|zBVF s> VA> >uV Eu ukV \Vum. >uV xBuEBV_ Rev. V\V[, Rev. Vt>V nBkD tEA[ BVu [V kom V[Z VA\V \Vu. 1934-1935- Rev. BVuV.R. >kVBD
zkVkV
6.1.1935-x\\V V[Z VA\V wz x VAD >\B V\ \\[ 06.1.1935_ > ]B D J.V>[ V]BV kV_ ]i FBm. z S.V\V[ k^ 1935-1936-Rev. D. E[[ zkV BVuV. 1936-1941-Rev. V.>kkD nBk^ z zkVkV >DB Fm kEz c>sV. 1941-1946- Rev. D. MB_ nBVm zkVV l_ D, EA\V BVuV. k kVBmz zkVkV kV]]>V_ \|zD, mzD >VA u kVFA^ z. kB \[>V[ ]. V_V. \m _ m luEB >k. 1946-1947 -Rev. R. >kD k^ \m V| >]D > Vm ]l_ BVuV. 1947-1948 - Rev. S.M.Vm k[ aB VD >] Vu kVEm s> g|^.72
1948 - Rev. V.G.gkV>D nBk^ Em VD z zkVkV >V. 1948-1956 - Rev. M.S. QVEV\ nBk[ B l[ g|^. k \|l[ \[ \>[. B V]_ ([BV|) x[>V| mV^km, kz \. k, nBk^ Bz x[ M V. >> ]. \VEV\ Vl_^BV BVuBk. 23.05.1951 - uV| swVkV sDB BV c^j, kR BV]KD, B ]xD ]B]_ 1 >T>D komD, D [V^ komD gB][ AmmD, kEB\V x|^ kVD, VD| k \mD \>. D EA\V swV um. \]. B.Fr.]oBV kV_ ]m km. 23.05.1958-kswV VVm. [B gV> Rev. W._o T.E.L.C.c>k kV_ >m. A>V D, gBz \]. >kVBD, kV_ FBm. BV \ D, V > gD VV c]t E\ \VD \VuB g| m. 1956-1961 - Rev. kEz c>sV.A. >kVBD
zkV BVu
1961-1966 - Rev. S. ] V nBk^ zkV BVuV. \|l_ ms[ l_ mV| kz>VA, sBV|KD gkD VV. k |> AD Jk >VD A>]_ > VVD.73
1966-1968 - Rev.o >kV zkVkV BVu ~V| VD >\m B WkuV. 1968-1974- Rev. A.V k[ z z gV|^ um. 1974-1977-[ >k>V nBk[ BV| _ >V[ 125km g| swVk m. 23.05.1976-BV[ \V [V VA t[sz, gB][ c^ o, o W k, gB][ t[ sE^, _ >V][ uk[ z], z\V[ B gBk^ mD Fm x c>s. VB D L. ~V B.D.M.Th. kV_ mD ]i FB| gB gV> EA um. 1977-1980- Rev. T. ]B[ >V k^ zkV BVuV^ . km V]_>V[ gB k (Vestry Room) m. 02.09.1979 - Rt. ]i FBm.Rev.B[
kV_ m
1980-1985 - Rev. D.C.mV nB k^ n>V|^ BVuV^. 1985-1991 - Rev. G. >V nBk^ zkVkV BVu, |>V k c>sz \mk D F>V^. 1991-1997 - Rev. D.L.[ >V nBk^ zkV >\m WkuV. 1997-2002 - Rev. A. k>VBD nBk^ BVuV^. km V]_ 150km g| swVs gBD m.74
23.05.2001 : 23.05.1851_ Vm m k> {|^ 150km g_ u| V[Z, \m. V \VuB\| uk^ E\V_ m. [_ >^ _ V>> Amm \Vum. \ kmAD m mA\V \Vu \m. \V\ Rev. Dr. T.^>V M.A., B.D. M.Th., D.D.,VB kV_ \ ]i V_ um. 2002-2007 - Rev. M. ]D nBk^ zkV BVuV^. 2007-2008 - zk_V> V]KD JVKD ]VKD VB^. gB z^ kk Wku. 2008 x>_ 2009 : Rev. V>z\V nBk^ tEV >B aB> WkuV. 2009-2011 >uVm Rev.^ J.J.z\V k^ >m B g> g[* m[ V> Fm kV. kVV kms >t s K>[ ] VB_ x[V BV slm c\. > gV> WKD, m\ sBV| swV mk]KD ]D ]l[ kVo^ B_| \\EB c|V^ [V_ tBVVm. C.S.I. ] V >]_ x[VBVm [V_ TELC ] \u]B > x|]Bm, A]B sV| kM [m. m\ > gV> k _ ]Bm, _V\ VuuzB B_VzD. >uVm Ws kD, V w_, _sl[ >_, k kVFA Wt>D B^, ^[ ]V _s ku ]_ V| ]l[ \^ \Vk][ _k KD, k \VkKD kEm k[. glD >D _ swV^, gB kaV|^ gBkuuz c^[A[, k[ z V^D Vz m >]_ ms [. _^ sk>VKD75
c^^ s_. ^ \s_ [>uV >BV VE^ [D > k[. C.S.I. ]z x[ TELC ] \|l_ >Vm. m [ J> []_ \ V^VD.
V\[ >Vo 52V^D guz k J[s> tEBV| ]_ ]EBVm V\[ . k[ xB\V kD Bk (Bk o) > zz c>sBV V[zl_ >t zk WBtm B >Vm >Vl> Bk \ zB F>V^. kV kD A>Vz (A> z) ]_ | nVB z BVuV^. V\D .s.VV nBk^ tEBV[ >Vmz (Rev. Kholoff Pastorate) |> V\D. |> kD A# nVB zkVl>V. A]B \m, > >k^ kx>V [D, A>Vzl_ >k^ E kV\Vl>V^ [D B|m. V[Vkm kD k| D nVB z\V^ m B kM>V^. k| BVD [ k[ gVV_, V >tw >Kz >> B k|z [m. ]KD zV, EV, VB kaB >k^, ]EV^ VB gEz c>>VKD, >KD k A>\BVKD, VmEBVKD, l[ sBVKD z kBVkV^. g z]lKD V\[ kE m. >Kz \^ z AD > > sBVVD F>>V_ k| [D [ k| \VBm. c^ \V>V Vs_ 1674-_ m.76
n>Vkm kD sV ]KD nVB z Fm k>V. [MBV]\xD >m. T Vk [ B \s sV gm. g > 5 kKD V\[ >Vo l[ g]D Wm V][ skV>V[ [D \u _ >Vo l V|V^. k, > _ oi t\VD, \m ]B > nBD tz> E\mD, E>D aBD \uV. \uB ^ >sm \u _ E..n., .._.E. kEu> VVD. \m om A>Vz V[ z]lom V\[ >Vo z [mD V_ >m. V _ V_z z]l_ kV V\[ >Vo k>m, \m , \m \zD kzD >VA V|m [> >m V^kVD. kVV \m l_ m z [>VKD, V|mD, |mD c^ \D>VKD [D \m c^ M> >V[.
>[M]B ]l[ c>BD 183053 (CSI)1830 kV|_ z] B V kl_ ]EV^ j, B t \Vk_ \^ ]. \KD j_ m >z _KD kal_ \| \ ]m s| [ aB][ _ skV. 1832_ D t\V^ \| V\]_ k>m77
ms[ F]B, [ V\ \z V]m k>V^. \B { gszB E V> Rev. MB_ s_[ c>V. ^t_V D\[ [ lV. 1860 : 1860 mk 1875 k \]. QVE nB k^ \| B VuV. B , \BV V> >[l_ ] kx[ >[ cw>V. ]m g|_ \|, D, R kVAD (k) A^DV, V_z \|B >\ \VV| \z uF]B s>V. \VkD gB[ gEz c|k>uz x[A ]EV^z kzD, >uzD k[MB V]BV^ >kVl>. k_ kV [ V]BVD >kz^ V. k^ V\[ \Vm >kVl>V^. E sBMt>\V >B s| ztzD E oi B m, E sBV_ \m l_ ztzD >V^. 1870_ \^ kD [ >Vw gD>V^. m BV gV>BVm. \^ gk[ { VD k|D kV V. >^ > nBD V[V^. 1875-1878 > g|_ \]. E[[ nB BVu kEz c>sV. 1878-1879 {V| l_ m \VuVV. 1883 Rev. MB_ s_[ \m gk>D, >D \]m m > >D [ \|lKD > u^ V\zD s> s u>V kVFA m [ cm V\]uz km >[ V\ \_ kV m78
>[M]B ] #B ]BV gBD
79
B_V. nBk^ _V\_ > VBxD V\]_ _ [ W Vm. 1884-1886_ .QVVD [ nB \VuD u k>V. kD >VVEm |\V _ >VF uV\_ F>. 1884-1885_ \^ \]_ >[ { gBD k|D [ \B , V \VBm. D kV ckV 1885gD g| k \V>D 12 >] sBVww\ m V> ]|m>_ gV>l[ xs_ V 11.45 \z \VD _ kV_ _ Vm. gB kV \A[ \]> BV \uD ^ T|zlKD W^ gB]u[ B. > ]|m>_ gV>l[ [B V k >\V? .5/- \|\. 1886 : 1886 _ x>_ k 4 \V>^ *|D kBV[ BuV. Rev. kBV[ nB V[k^ mV >[ m V \V>^ E k V m V> gB zkVkV Fm V> V]_ |>V \| D >m. Vzkm k]l_V> V]_, A]Vl \ l E\uVV. Rev.J.L.l nB km gB gl_ kBV u Rev. kBV[ { tE> ms[ VEBV V|V. k \| l[ *mD, gB][ *mD, z^ \^ *mD tz> VkV V [ z|^V.Rev.kBV[ \| V\]uz k>[ \V|
\V m s|kV. >[B B wu s| V>V \V c\Vu, >VD \V| m _ \m V|>_, EE k F>_80
>DV E..n. gB]_ ].kBV[ k^ EV F>>uV \> _k| V[. \KD \|l_ F>>uV V[D c^m.81
[ : P. V[ VV[
V[ VB \uV^kV. \| l[ y> kEzD, \[ x[u]uzD k VB ]BVD V[|_ V kBk^. > >D _V\_ k>m, gBxD>V[.
1886 h[-V]_ l_V\_ gB Vm [m tD >V VBD. kBV[ nBk^ >[ B m _ m, \m, >V[ x[ \V]BV \| V\]_ s[ VEBV >[ >V]B>uz V >B >V lV_ gBD cB>m. k^ uKD V V| . wV Vm kD t[ gB^ Wz kD >D Bm. Vm V mV> gB]uz \V>_ uV. glD gB l_ ~|V| VV. 1886-1893-_ \]. . B (]. V\VD, ]. k[ xV[) Vu \BVF gBVB F>V. gBD x\ k|\M_ EKk, gB\ >Vz], \ g^, \, VuVo, >k^ | Vl>. glD ^D, Vm VV> kBV[ nB >z >> zkVkxD, _ nBVsuz >> _ c^D VkxD l[ >k[ z m VV. >[ s >V_ k \^ \xkm VBV V >m c>s. 1889-> g| D 24 >] VA]_ D kVBV[ nB kV_ gB\ u V>m. > \ ]_kol[ Vkm VBV ]. v[ s_[ kwBm.82
1890 - zB mD W u Wl_ El> E E VB^ xkm\V Wku kBV[ nBk^ >V> xBuE \uV| Wku x>V^. 1891 -gBD xuKD Wk>m. gB ]i Fk> BV x F>. gB]uz #B ]BV gBD B ]i FBD, \V\ ]. _ k ]i FB wD J F> xs_ \VuD mD _. 1891gD g| zkV > ^]. G. B ]iV VB kM>V. 19.02.1891 V 10.00 \z #B ]BV gBD \V\ ]._ VB, [ VBD, kV_ ]i FBm. #B ]BV gBD x g 1891 gD g[ >V .3200/- \|\. 19.02.1891- sBVw[ 10.00 \ ]i gV> V 16 VF 7 V 3 1/2 V. 1893 - 1900 > g|_ *|D kBV[ nB g>V_ s]B>m. \^ mk u m V^ gBD xB Vuu. 1897 : sD \|B \B\V V| s>>V_ _BV D, V^ l_ \]zD \VB R z]lKD [>m. k, z^ \z mkV gBD y\VMm zB > ]BV gB uV| VB mD WkBm. 25.02.1897-_ ]BV gBD | 6 g|^ am > >VV\ gBD \V\ ]. _, VB, [VBD kV_ ]i FBm.83
>Vo g]D A^DV z]l_ V VmD sV\_ ms[ F]B |m [ zkV[ ys xBuEBV_ \| > > kVAD () k V\]_ R gB ]iz |> V^ > [ gBxD >B|m A^DVl_ #B _ gBxD V_ ]i FBm. ]. kBV[ nBk^ kVB zkV >V^. 1889 gD g| [B ]_kol[ Vkm VBV ]. v[ s_oBD k^, \| V\ gB >kl cm >V[ gB \B >V c] V|m > WkuV. gB \ 1889gD g| D 24 >] , >Vkm m\ gV>l[ Vm gB \ ]i FB| um. gB\l[ uA>\V o V\ \[ s_ \m >\VF o>m. B V^ BV k \^, >^ \]_ c> V|>. 1900-1902- ~V|z \]. g.. k^ B ka ]V. 1902-1908- gV|^ ]. VB[ Vxk_ k^ zkV >V^. km V]_ \| gBz z\kEB> cm, z\ m. tB z\BV V]_ m >m. 1908-1911 - ]. A.>VMB_ nB k^ l[ zkVkV >V. gB kEl[ |>BV > gsl[ [ 7.6.1908 [ QVV _>V t ]BV FB| ]i FBm. >V kV V_ l_k [ \VV > R.M.S.t[ k^ .150/- V|m c>sV.84
1911-1913-~V|^ ]. .t_ [D zkVk ms[ l_ >V>V. \ gk V| _k> >\m V\V V| A>V. 1913-1917-gB c^ \_ k ].gkV>D nBk^ F>>, uzD z ^D, \V>VD gEBk^ \[ QV>xD |> xBuEBV_, k^ ^ c>sBV| gB]uz Vo ^ (Benches) Fm >. 1915 gB u k_ R.M.S. tM[ x>_ \^ \ _D\V^ 14.7.1915 [ >][ WkV km >BV_ ] _k| c^m. 1917-1919 -]. .. t>VBD k^ ~V| VD M> BVuV. 1919-1924- >Vm 5 g|^ ]. .>VMB_ nB k^ D EA\V Fm \^ B cB]V. 1922 >kz \\BVD, R.M. >V]A, R.M.S. t[ k[ uV[ WkVD 23.11.1922 [ j_ R.\>xmD, 21.11.1922 [ \|l_ M. VV D\VD > WkVD _k| gB kV k_ ]m. 1924-1926-~V|^ .gVD nBk^ B \uVV. 1826-1928-]..D.Vxk_ nBk^ ~V| Fm B ]V. 1920-1930 ]. L.. V_V nBk^ zkVV F>V. km V]_V[ VV ]\]. QV]sBD kV_ mk| VD um. 1930-]. g..\k_ {V| VD BVu ms[ [ kzD |mm gszB kal_ ]V. 1931-1933 ]. .>kVBD zkVkV F>V. km VD gszB kVs_ \^ E]>.85
1933-1934 > {V| #B ]BV gB kVu_ t xB\V>V gV >|m. M_ > {V| ].s _V zkkV BVuB g|. B Wl_ >m aB> gDm, x V\]_ B BVu, \[\^ m [ [ VB]_ x>_ ]BV VB >sB >B BV_ >V [V_ tBVVm. 1934-gD g| Vm [ \uA l[V. V[ \k_ nB \uVkl_ c>s zkV \m z 1937 x>_ 1938 klKD aBD WkuV. km WkV \|l_ _V W \D \m gB uV| swVs_ k|> m. 1934-1936-].. >kVBD nBk^ zkV BVuV^. 1936-1938-*|\V ]. s_V k^ aBD F>V^. 1938-1940-]..>VTm nBk^ zkVkV >V. kB V]_ k>l_ > t[ _D .700/z su|, V_zl_ | ^ . #B ]BV gB s>[ BV\V gB Vestry m. m x V_zl_ m ]] (Sub. Magistrate) BV > ].]D k^ c>s F>V^. 1940-1945 ]. s. k _BV k^ zkVV BVuV^. km V ]_ >V[ nB\V^ B^ D x[V^ V_, ^ s_ mk.kB V]_>V[ 09.04.1941 [ V[ VV >k nB VV B \VuD u \|l_ mkBm.> g|>V[ gB ]u \ ]\]. EV\ >sBV_ kwm.86
1941-D \V>D #B ]BV gB V[swVRev. kV[, B.A., (Cambridge) >VV, ^,
k^ >\l_ VVm. \KD, swVk V # V A. \mD, V# .. >kEV\ gBV[ V>kV_ V[swV kz s\BV um. 1944 -A]B gB uk skV][ Vm ]. R.M.S. tD, ]\]. R.M. >V>A D\VD m ]. M. xm k[ WkV > ]>. 1945-1955 - >V| VD ]. S.G. s nBk^, BVuV^. km V]_, 18.01.1947_ Altar Floor Vm. 1947-1948-].s QVBV z\B \|lom V_zz \VuV. 1955-1958-]. P.D. nBk^ z BVuV. km V]_ 29.12.1958_ ^]. V[ J.G.Vl_^ ( \uVk zkVk) & \ \Vk >k kV_ V_z #B tVk_ gB]uz ]VD Vm. E.A. _BV k^ 1958-1964-]. zkVV >V. > V ]_ 29.09.1962 [ V_z #B tVk_ gBD ]. E.B. >VVB kV_ ]i FBm. 1964-1966-]. V s nBk^ >\m B ~V|^ F>V. 1966-1969-]. >V.V.>V
nBk^ zkVV
1969-1971-*|D s nB, 14, g|z z \| l[ aB> >V>V. 1971-1972-]. V[ kBV[ nB k^ zkVkV A>V.87
1972-1973-]. ] Vxk_ >B aB> >V EA[ V\]uz |m [ s|]V. 1973-1975-].P.mV nB k^ ~V|^ A>V. 1975-1976-]. QV>V\ nB k^ {V| BVuV. 1976-1977-]. E[V nB zkVV >V. km V]_ V_z #B tVk_ gB\, \\Vk >k ^].V QVxm kV_ 25.12.76 [ ]i FBm. 1977-]. S.s mV nBk^, \[ \>V k >[ V> \ aBD FB >V. 1978-1979-]. [ V>z\V nBk^ zkVV F>V. 1979-1982-]. [ \V nBk^ zkVkV F>V. 1982-1984-]. M.Vxk_ nBk^ zkVV >V.km V] #B ]BV gBD .70,000/s_ Am| , Dr.R. V_V, VB kV_ \]i FBm. 1984-1987-]. V s nB *|\V zkVkV A>V. 1987-1988-]. zkVV A>V.I. V[
Vxk_ nBk^
88
|zD |\V>g^ nB xD, z cD.
g^ nB D]kV^ : V[, n, gVBVt, V[[, _ gEB k_, V[, >m, s[[ >kV, ._BV, ]. Vo[, V_V, g_, \B>V
z c^]. V[, ]. >m, ] n, ]. D, ]. gVBVt, ].V[, ].V_V, ]\]. >[, ]\]. _xm BVkV[, ]. . _BV, ]. Vo[, ]. s[[ >kV, ]\]. \ VVF89
1988-]. R. Vo[ nBk^ zkVkV >V.km V]_ #B ]BV gB uV| swV kz EA[ VVm. 18.01.1988-_ V_tBVAD #B \Vuz gBD ]. Q V. V_V, VB kV_ ]i FBm. 18.01.1991-V_z ]l[ V^ >kBV _ >VD 25000/- s_ kVm. 17.2.1991- _V W \ _ V|swV um. R. V_V k^ _ VV. 31.3.1991-~ ]\V [ V_z #B tVk_ gB cEl_ o ^ \m. V_z Judicial Magistrate Mr. N.Roby k^ o gB]uz kwV^. 1991-\ \V>D 4,5,6,7 >]_ ]BV gB uV| swV VVD \Vk sV g^, ^ m V[ t[Vl_ kz s\BV VVm. 1992-95-]. C. nB zkVkV B BVuV. 1995-96-]. [ V>z\V >m l D EA\V WkuV. 1997-98-]. ]\]. V>z\V [ k^ F>V. 1998-2001-]. QVV] tD EV BVu QB EB c| V. gszB V_^, >k VtB >^ Ak]_ >>k. l_ JD, QD \ s_ u_ V| E]>m. Q B k> \ kB VD. 1999 ]. ^V \uzkVkV BVuV.90
2000-]. ] Vxk_ \uzkVkV EV >V lD, > g>, V[ku_ >MkxD K] z kKV. 2000-2003- ]. S. [Eo V\V[V zkVkV A>V. l[ o \A, kEV VB^ F>V. 2001-]. V[m \uzkV >m aB> EA[ Fm WkuV. 2003 ]. V. Bk, MBk [A[ D \[ w aBD F>V. km V]_ z\ .3,65,000/- s_ m. 26.1.2001 [ A]B z\ VB >.D MkV[ kV_ ]m km. 2003-08-]. V[ nBk^ >m aB] EA[ Fm x>V. 2008-2009-]. xk. . s mV k^ k \[ \>V m mk _ V gB \]i VB> ],> [ k_ FD w\ kV] J> z\V_ k. {F u zD >[ cw >m V^V. T|^ ]A, s| c^ Am>_ \BVF [D V_ B_V. gB Am>_ VB ]. V_BVF ^zD, QVluw\_ k gBzD [ [V, c, uD, A kl_ V_V> >[ z|D>V[ V\V >V >V xBuEV_ ED >VV. VB ]. xk G. V_ k>z\V kD, ]\ VV Col.D\Vk_ kD m A]B gB\V _m Am gB\V? sBm VVBm gB kVu[ \\z]_ \KD { \>_.91
2009-2011 Rev. >BVW]->uVm zkVkV, z V|kV, m V^>o_ kD KmkV >m B Fm kV. mk \| V\]uz k]> z\V^ - k>D z|D]^ aB][ *> kD V. \ \] u>. \V| kEz m B_. *|D .kBV[ nB V[V D\bz >k. D \z >k. zA : > ]BVB]_ VuV nB, V]BV [ Vu^ o mz^ Am\ Azm Vm V_ kV \ValKD k \VaVu^ m >s BV>m. kV >VuD \m _ >ta_ m [D VD B[|] kVD. nB [ V_ V 5 : 5 _ B[|>> VVD. g]_ Master the one who has authority over everything [D m mk \|\ w>uV cBV> >t V_ [D BVD. [ V \Vu]_, owl_ u s gB, nB \sB>V >VD. nB [V_ >k V_|k_o[ _ m. (. 156). [ VEB^ ]BVsuz^ kE>Vm, .. 1503 x>_ 1961 k ]B VV _ km V_ >ta >BVB > mVm. k_ t xB\V Vu^ V], [_, Vs, k V]BV VD w wVm gBz x[ km D\V| wB VEBV. [ gB z\V m [D ]VD k^m [D c^V| gB k|] V|D V| V| nB wm [ \s VB gmD V\> >.
92
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7. JD (1850 - 1960)
\| V\ \[ kV W, j t[ uB l_ ]. kVt>V, 1888_ > l[ V]_ \^ >^ w V>kuD cVD, \|\ E] >. VV tlD m >^ cVD, cVD c>s | >| \^ u V. BV >^ cw Vm, V V\V E\| kVB kB__ sBk E] kV u\] . o k F>Vz z> ]B\ kwm. glD cw>ku_ t uVkVD V. V^ cV. w > kl_ [ V D ~ D VVD c|. >]]uz x[A zz _s x Vm. V[ _ ] ^_ \>D V\^ gB ka >V[ u k>. ]B_ > x\\V >>V 100z k. m 1962D g| 100-20 V cB>m. W gB gEV]_ BV \VBm. _sl[ kEB> gB c]. gB k^ ]> \uV. >[ skV ^^ \V[B[ \]. kV BB ^^ >k93
t\VV_ gD ^^ >V[ VD ]B _sB #, [z cs_ >Wt F]m >k t[ >s kmt_. kVV gD_s, cB_s kzA^ gD. >Vau_sz ] xBmkD >m. V]_ 1D V\, 2D VD, 3D VD [ kzA^ w. [B kz_ 3D VD [m 8D W, ]_ >EB>V_ gEB, gEB luEl_ VD. gV_ ^_ >uz tD E\ Wl_ \u_s um.
^ kV\| V\]om ^_sz V_z [>V[ u k|D. >VF >>B cwm, kk E] DV]> > >^ ^[ ]VD ] _sz s. W su ]BVD F>. [| uVD, D xBV> V>V_ V]l_ sVD c|. Vzkm k]B _V> V]_ Ak >kV V> kaB>V[ ]xD BD. V c cV, cV\V, \]B c |m [V, _V\>V[ ^ BD. | \_ m V [, \V T| ]DADVm sVs_ mm xBV\_ _>| sw V V D x[V^, >VF >>B >V[ >VV >Bs_. t[ sz _. s[ \l_ VV sz>V[. VV s[ m, t[ sEl_, T_ cD, V, \V *|D BD _VkuD >V kD [\VF uV^, uk^ uV^ kuD.94
V ]_ V^D tM[ z Bm. 1936D g| > \VkD >DVl_ Bk> gEB luE Wk][ VD V_ m FB| sm. > > V^D tM\V^ > >z >\VD, >V^ > u> Vm\V ][ >k^ [D \]z \ >. \] >V_ g- VD zD luE^BV \VukVD c] V|>. \] >m , gDm A]B >DV gEB-gEB luE WkD. ^ x> \z ska F] >V VF>m. zD, z\V[ kam>_ x]BV[ gV k[ s V\]om luE ^ \Vk, \VsV u >>. > Vk >m VD u k|\ ka V. uV^ . u V^V>V E \|D luE ^l_ >V . V]lB ]D E. A]B _s, A]B >z]^, A]BVk _VD A]>Vl. _ \V, c \VBm. \ W> W^ >VV M [ FVVD kz Vkm T|_ >.
k kVFAT| > [ k V|k w>> V > (^) >]z V|m ks_. V]_ ^l[ >VV g kw ]VD ukV >V^. BV \| ][ zkVkV kz \|, D, R, k () kVAD z\VD, AmV gB ^^ B_. ^V c>k zD c\D, WkzD c\D zkVk u>V.95
1944gD kD \m _ V_, z|D> > ]\D VD, \VD u ]\]uV m skD B w>. ]. >k ~ k[ >VBVD, VV, Vv k[ BD\V\V DD k[ ]\ ]
96
k luE ^ xm kD D\, cz[ wm kkVF kwB zkVk V kVm[. >VV^ x\, \mxD VkVD [\ FkVD V x[V^ _ M V[ VB^ D WsK|. z l\>V >> z [ BVmD BVkD [ xm\VaV zB>. gV_ s|x V_ V> _ |kV D > \Ez _ kV\! gEB [ wzD V_ VVVw[ V]_ ] ^V m uV|> gV[ kV] [ w>>V V]B _k| V[^ m. z kV] [m kV]BV [ w| km.
Vzkm > D\^ m i W m Vs_ >[ WB cB] V^ . l_, qz |>BV sBm V> V^ ^, B.S.A. V ^^ k]V * V[ V> V\m. kV| ^ k]V \] VF \]. ]KD \V km, ]_ \^ [ m, u, _ c^ V D_ B ]ozDVm zD t|z>D [B Vz BVm. mV k]>k^ ^ t_ mVB km V^ k^ (holders) V] >MB kz [ Vx|. mD >> |D kB >m. km A]_ kB, >uV \97
>V ^ tB Vzkm V>\V B[m.
> V_z1950_ \|l[ >D V_z [V_ tBVVm. VV_ D ( SRG V) ]BJ]D [z k E]BV [z V V, [A V \lKD, ]uz _.s., V][ xD, z pt \V, pxm \V, k> iV VD c\V \V|D E] ukV ]>. k^ >tV| [_ , t sV , V>V , z> V[z >. D \^ ]BD u [, \V>][ x>_ kVD kBVk ]zD t_V E>R sBm. \ V\V[^ kV m V qD [ TMT qD, ^ c^k^ KD, [ lKD [kx|. \mk\D, VA g]D [B \z ]E G.H. D KMC \V s. g> VD, V [ D, mD D \^ sDAD EA V^. {l_ k_D V lV_ | # kV> z|D>k^ zkVk.
98
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8. D, VKD
VD mk [ k >tw][ VV BV^ _k \V |^m. B_, , VD x>ta_ \[ kV x^, ^, VVD, w kw^, V>^, _s _V WKD ]o| k[. ]KD zV >t tD B J]uz m^m. 19D uV[ >V x>_ ]EV^ \Vk]KD ka F]^ A u s. > m, VD V_ A u sVKD, kz x[ E> V>\V, \BVE> W \>> Ak>uz m. m m \>KD >[B ] uVm. kV \m KD >t kaB [ [ ms[ [ |>zD \V \VBm [> VVD. [ k\Va V_ [D \m g|szD, gk gkzD \] V_. m\ VD [V |D VD. A>V, sm^, sDB >V>^ AxD, luE, A]B V_^ >_, V^ \>_ \AxD B Vz B_ |>|D Vz [D ^ \BV W^.
][ gD V WC.S.I. T.E.L.C. gB ]D \ c^B>V >VKD, V_ \ ]^, gVB\V V^, \V>|D ysD, AmV_ Ak]_. s? > Am V sQ^ ckV > VB kV, A]B V_ Ak]KD, \|^ \]KD V >D uk^ _V> VmD, ms[ l_ >[ mVkz \[ B >> ~, > QVD. KD, kV ] VKD99
gB_ \m t \BV ]B V|^ . >VxD, V_VD, EVD \V EzD, gD V ] kV]B s^. V > kV>^ s_ DVm - m >[\BV\_ >Vt kzD >V \]^. l_ ]kV^ c>EBV _BV, V\V[, V s_[, V[, _V gBVD, TELC l_ ]kV^ Vv_, s_[ PET, V, g>V, z\V gBVD V_[ s sQ^. V\V V_^, [D \kV ^ c>B\Vl.CSI
s[ k^g\VMBxD, \VVqD, uV BV km VD Nm>VMBV| m \Bm. >D, V\VD ] \VV\_ >] kVl. >MV_ V|k]_ gD, D EA V]BkV V V[mV_ V kB V\m.C.S.I. l[ Vz
>x \VuD, ] \|[ g]D, N] V_[ gtA^k[ >VD, ^ KD ]o>m. t V, BVVKD, _BV gD tD B\V >VwVm N] ] V_^ JD. Nm>V[ B g\VMBD JD >kw s| ]V__ Vk \VD VV>kV \m \V| V V\m. BV .s.\V>kD, \_o \[^ skV>[ V\J]D V AmAm \|_, A]B V_^ >V km VF>m Vm_ m [D N VlzD E_ W>k. A.V.M.VV, l[ z__ NV \|_ ckV V_^ >sV> >[ D. k^ V^ k zD MBk Vum.100
CSI
[D, [D
> kMl_ - c >Vll_ (1972)
gV [V (2009)101
T s^
&
wB V_^
V, V k^ wB V_ \_ { k>>[kV A V^kB c\. t>D x\BV gD]KD , 1980 klKD , ]V_z c>>V >m. gV_ V_ > gkD z, A]B s[ k, V__ ]\ tz>k[ \ kB_VD m [ Fkm [ w\zD, Am\zD VD \ >kB VD m. zD wB V_ k> > kB VB kMBV \VBm. >[ s>_ [ AM> VD \V D>VBD m Vlu. T >Va_ O B[|] m]m, V\]_ A VZ> |m _KD VD, BD, A]B \\zD >V ]BD VV_ *|D t[tM EVF >_ >D\Vz VVD. TELC l[ Vz V >V_ >V m]m, z V_KD, >MV_KD >[Mk um ]. s BV^k]_ ] A gkV>D gDV kV]BKD M\, >MVz, |V| kk >m \xBV> \]_ ]> c\^. g\VMBD, >VD V > Vm >_ ]_VV Bm. T z\]BV VB[ ].z\V V| k> Vm ] BV_ ckV V_^>V[ >! KD V^, ckV Vtm V^VD. V >KD >VD ^[ [M z c>sB> [ V_!102
>V... >V... kVk >V (2009) >V[ D, LBV k, D[ VD, ^ VV ]ml[ s[ _ [ BsB m\ > gV>lKD, Amk kMlKD >[M_V \B VuB \ >t s K>[ ] zsuz cBm. > T \BD uVKD, >BD \][ |. ^D >D wVm >MV_^ \|\ \m m]m k>_ Vu>uzBm. kV D gVB\V V V_[, A_zD W \m km^m. \m kM k][ x>_ V^ T]>VD cVkD kM cuV [ cm>o_ k|D {^. wB V_ kk >_ Vs|, A]B V_ \> w >sKD, w > \>sKD V|km >[ >[, z \ k.103
_ m E> ? >[ V_^ M\? > ]\V EVD? m V[ ^s_VD s V \[D [ y. >MV_ V|k]_ >D uk^. xB uV, _BV [V_ ]l| xBs_. gV_ >KD V >D V u>> >. g_ ]. Vv _, ]. mBV K>[ lKD, ]. V () VBV>[ k^ >[M]B ]l[ lKD xB V x>oD uk^. zo_ ]\]. z>VD ]\]. VBV g_|D >^ MB zV_ k A> VD [D Ws_ Wuk. s, g> s, VD , BV, \VD, m zVDV] V^ mD k^ Vs_ >D. x>V\k g\VMBm[ VD, V\k V_VkV| V|kmD, J[V\k >VmD V|kmD k[ >MEA. m\ > gV>l_ k[ >MV_z > \BV> >M. m [B Q[ kBVD >m \V c\. kVV >[ s A D\^ 1) Vm B gD>V^? k x>_ >]B 2) BV > mkV^? 3) [ V]uz >>|>V^?
>B_VD [ c^][ gw]_ ]m 25 kz \V J^ kD | s V\_ Vm kBV sB^.104
gD V D 1920om 1930z^ zD. l[ VD >[ V]D m V^ >m V^ ka. VD ^sz kkVD. BV > mkV^? nVB z\V^ aB]u[ ]BVsuz km >^ aB> Wku V> Vm ]B VV][ V_ >M\]A, \BV>D V. \ [B> ka ka [ E>m . V]_ _sBVVKD ]BVVKD, > V_k>VVKD ka>V[. > wV ]^ JD BVD. ]Vk, ]kDVk [ k, kk V^^ V_^ kaB>V[ \ [>. k, E>V> V^ >V^ { om \uV z BD Fm z > Vs_^, \^, Vk^, k_ > A k>. s\V \Va \V> s_ V_ V \ m x\ B V|>. >V_ >V[ [z V_ V xBV> V>V_ \Va \V>D E..KD, |KD m Vs__ \Va \V>]_ ]V V_ o[m. g z\V^ E V >D uD >. u> . kVV z|DD ]_kolom k>m. ..1784 _ \V>k kVB >lom ]_koz k>Vm z|D> ]>V.12 kB>V z|D][ \M[ ]B | [V| > kVBV? wm km kMD > t ] >Vm | kz _s um, V_ um cB> VV. 54 kV F>V. Ek[ km t EA[ V_ u >, >k105
kaV >t] V|z kV \Vu k|D V| >m B FB mkV. k>V[ A] Vs_ V V][ \[ 54a k>V>D [ k>VBD V]BV 54 k^ k Ak. \KD >, sQ. k>V\> ] E>BV| u >> s>. k V_z V]B kkuA Vm s_. >uz uV| V] kl>m. km ] V__ >t \D, ] \D WD kaD, zo_ DxD, g\D V|D. nVB V^ ]Bz V\Vk m. m WB _. \m gk [> cm V]BV BV ]^ >V[ >. >t \D \w ms[ z E u ]V\ V_o \V. V_V_, clV_ sV_ cVV> >V, E>V, >VEk, >V kV>>, zy>, E>, \VB V>, sV>, c[>V - w[V. > 59_ g\[ _BV! \mk >DVV [ V__ _sl_, {D V] >>V, k>V ml>>V, c[>\ - g\[ _BV {D [ >> B[|]l VVD. {D [>uz ]kV> [ >\VD.55 kVV >t\D s km \V >Vzm. k>VBD V]BV czz kV> kV nBk^ 1771 x>_ 1798 k 26 g|^ >l_ BVuV. kV nB 1763_106
]EV^l_ >Vus> g^ >V[ [ _BV tm. 56 km V]_ >V[ gB w]B DMB D V_ sBVVD F> k^ kV nB>V[ >\m V#>V > \[ mEVVk ] B[|]. \[z nBk^ \_ tz> \BV>D, AD >m. V]BV cDt]_ z x D m. VD cDt]_ V, D xBVm V[V. kV nBk^ \>V]_ Vz57 [wk. Vz [V_ \[z >z> _ gVB _zk [ V^. mE \[z A] VBD _V>>V_ >m \ >kVl_ VB >m A]VV| nBk^ l_ V|m k[ c\m \[ k c\m l_ [ [V.58 kV nBk^ k>VB Q k[ VBV| A u|]B>V_ V mz k> [ k>VB \>V smkV[ g smD kwV. kVV \[[ l_ z u x>_ >k sVB V]BV k^ V_ k VB V\V V_ V| VzDVm ]B l_, >tV|u k m]mV k >D Vm szD. m \_ >kD Vum. g V >_ gA km V_ Em sBm VVD. k^ >^, ] V\V^ [D w. Vw >B g VKD, >[[ k> VKD ]EV^, >V V|_ V_^ ] xBmkD u. VwV| V_D, VB V|D, V|D, c, m^, VD x>VkuD V>.107
Vm x>_ ^sz kkVD! Vm gDm? k ]BVs_ >[B 14gD uV_ >D _m [ Aw Vm _ V|D xB |]. kVD, vV, V, >VD kaB >[M]BVsKD sBm. 7 x>_ 12D uV| k VB[\VD, gkVD >[ ]BVs[ _V z]lKD >> \VW \Va JD V\ \z AD kl_ F^, V\V JD |m>. [ >\ kV_, ]\V> k
]BVsom k>k^ kaB, {mD kB [ w>. {m>_ [m V\^ >Va_ D, V|>_ [m >uz |> WlK^ >^ FD VB\VD Vm. \]^ u >> V\^ kV| >VA V^ \> V ]l_ {mkm \|\ k^ z. \>][ V^ _m [ zV]BD gBku Vu kB VA |> Wl_ c^k^ kD Asm. u ]uz kB z >kBVku |m V^D, D VD c>s^ FBD k zD >m. zD V zD [wm. k^ ] \V> >m V^k^. km TD g]D [ >|m. k^ kaB B V_ u m\> k_^, ] \V^ >tV V]>m. \Bk__, VVxD, V|D > B>m > V \V>V V_ V [ V|km \Vm. k ]B >VD kwm. ]Vk, ]kDVk, EkAVV_^ V_^ u >> z>V \Va \V>_ s_108
V|kmD B VKD, m V^u s V_ V|kmD kwVlu. [D \m _ V^ \|\ \Va \V> z_ V kVD. VD [V_ D [ V^. >[ V]A >t V_ >V> u|]Bm uk ]B l_ V_ Vk|D [ VD, >t V| u > m] k|D [ gkKD tz>VB V\]_ > g] D\k gtA Fk]_ sB_. mk u V_^ V k> Ak^ > g>m zkV V m] ]lVD. M_ kV nBk^ >lo> Vm Ak k>VB V]BVD, kV E sD > \uz, wz kK^ V\z , gVz, EB, B, ckVV. 59 \B kEV >Vus k \^ k>D, >twD >[ V Vu k[ V. x.k>VV z|^V. > V DxlB mk>D, >twD >[ V V]BV V[ V_ou E> Ak \^ AV m] mk. D, >VxD >m. > >t mk Vu _>VD [B >k [ k>m. k ka >VA JD _>VD |m _ \z >M zD >kl_. V\ ms[ AAkVD >D\ >V\ >V] mV >D\D >V^. k \D, \D, \VBD, g \D >D zm kB, \m KD V \|z ] c^ m \>V> \D [ x[V^ w>V^.109
kV Vwz c z] V m KD gE \Vu^ u Vm, \>E> [ [ ys\V m s [Vk V[m. k >V[ m\>xD, >kxD _V z]KD >taB, Ak]KD, VV]KD, m V|m. V]BV k^ >V [ kV_, E>DV>, V\, \\, x], D, \ >V>[, {D k Vu B[|] mk >taBV_ >V> VVD. k, VB][ >VB VzDVm {D kD [>uz VD [ >tV_ VV VV sQ. 1. g]D >xD _VF D [ V_ x\BV D V>VD, 2. g\^ A k>V \V \V [D, 3. ]B k> (m) k Vu [ F^ xkmD Vu [\]mD >t B \uu AB \VBV >|m. kB \Vm AkVB V V_|k_, ]Vs \Va[ gEB, k nB, ]E nB, V VB, x>Vk^ kB \VaBVu | sBm^.60 k ]_ V| kVu [BV| VbDVm V_ Vk> V \V>V [u VxD ms[ , uF]B AkVD [ \B aB[ , gV, ]_kol_ xBV >D u k> z\V^, km V^, gkD, saA k^ [ m \m KD >k110
^ mk [ E VD am \m J>V>B^ >k \B B gD] k|D. >V_ >V[ >V [w ]. xmVt k^ CSI B x[M[ ]B>V k. k T| [ \V sm x>_ \BV> K] > zDD V|m kku > m V> mk m]m VV [ zDVm > g>D. > >D >> \M>MD > > QV> gk B[|]lV. gD V _ >VxD, VKD V\Vk ]>m wB V V]BV[ >VD >t B \uu ]kV> V_^. km V_ k^. E>k^ [D _ c^ >V xmVt VEV. km Vz z >^, >MV_^, zDtV_^ km k>m. V_ oz V|> xBmkD u \B gDm V_ kz ] >D kV>l_ Vo>m.[ l[ g]D mkBm. kVV \m V_, >t D _K_, \m _ V_^ ks_ k>> >Vm >^, >MV_^ D, [, >uV V [>D, [, g V_D B[|mVD [>D u VVD. |>|> V _ V_^ V >> V> A]B ks_ k>\ z>m. [ m BV zm VD, >VD > VKu >V kV]B^, >V kV]B \V>Ku V_^ B111
\Vu> m. >[M]B ] V_^ s>\VD, K>[ V_^ k s>\VD \V>[ VD V \VuxD, >V \Vux\. gV_ > V ]KD \VV>, \VuxBV> V_^ g] V>V| nVB V|om \Va\VuD m cD xkmD cVs Vm. ku > VxD >VxD \Vu s BVm. M_ > V__ c^ clVD > B kzD gu_ Vk. mkt_V>kz mk>D, g]_ kz xD, Vm Vkz AmkD ] ks_, s_ K>|D ^. V Vkz mk> >D V^. V_V_ E] u VD, VV_ E] > V_D k_ zD. \m ]B, >t VV >l_ E V_^ >[ c[> \\B wm BD > ck >kkVD \m sm. M kD _ \V V_[ kVu m V^km D\ mz^ [D ]\VF m V^ kVFV \D k > xu|[[. J[Vkm ^s, [ k x>_ >]B >>|>V^? g]V>V kA, \V> A V_VD \[ | V^km, * | V^km, VV\B | V^km V^V .kV A>V| [ \[ Am V|>_ Akz \V >m. \[ VD \m V Vm, i kD Ow>Vm mB | V^km [um. kV wB ]B BV \[ | V| umV_,112
k^B mD | V|, [ t\VD | V^>_ kw\V VlVD. kV nB V[V^, >uz[ k> t aB^, kaV|>o[ _ \m _ > V > QVD B[|>| [ \|\_V\_ \^ kD | V| >[ [ uF]B s^ aB^ kaVl[ Dx gD| k x>_ >] D V VV gD]VD. cB \m _ \|D>V[ k x>_ >]B[ l_ gV, >k m]m E]|mD kwD [D [u|m. [B ]D V]_ ]kV^ V s_[, VDz\V, QVm, V[, kV VBV, \EBV V k^ V_ gB g^ [B \_ Vz W.
>^ 611. V|AoD, V|AoD1829D g| >l_ ] \B u cBV], >V> V], VVEl_ k>VB V]BV[ ] k Vm \[ kD Vm. z|D k\VD w> Wl_ kM[ g> >. V_ BuVV.k>VB V]BV[ WB ^s VoB E>V > V \[[ g sVm >[ \l_ \V>tx sV V_o, \V>D 35 VF \V> DD V|>V. \[[ JD \[ B >z c>s F>> \KD V_ ]V. k>VB ]BV[ aB> [u >V> QVEV\ V]BV, zW \[[113
kz [, >VVD Fm, kM[ ]B F>V. ]kV \VV k\z kE \V>V[ \lKD uF] xms|, V om ]DB k, z [ _, V|z]l_ \V|kl_ km V>V. Vm kz ]_ Ao [ V>B \m W[m. >|D Aoz, \V| >V_ \u \E. \V >VzD Vm, \M>^ zV_ kD >VD >BVm [m BVkD > [. Wl_ Fk>BVm ]> V]BV kV| ms| V>l_ xwV_ l| Bk V cx[ VV. k VB D xkmD Ao BVm W[>VD. Em ]_ kaB k> gB^, AoB |T] V]BVD B>kD VVu wm [VVD. V_>V[, gD m _B V]BV[ ]VV
2. VV_ A u V_V> _m g]Vk >k. aB][ V_ V^ ckVEm m V> Vm V> gk V|>V. V]uu g>_ kV>[ V Bu ]VV]_ u uF] ]_ x>[ xBV VV. >k [D cm. z x [ \V ul_ D [ uV| FB>m. m V|D km >V| \]> ]114
gsBVk Vo[ JD >VV. > F]BV V_ V gD>[ sBV], k\, , k. V _VD \m VF _ >V, >VBVF Vm kD V | D u VE >. zs[ \[\BV . gsBVk V|> gw\V skV kV>^ V[ V > QVD, >FT z_ [D [ k|D V_ _B\k>uz? >V_ : B wV B wV gkVF c[ >D ^ B B wV. gD. > V BuBk g] aBVV _>m. zKz V>V V. ... ][, m km V_ [D,k > kkD V|>V [D km aB\V B wV aB][ V_ [mD D| m^. ]_ sBV[t_. k, V>[ ... ][ VVEBB >\m \_ x|]V. g, VV_ Au V__ x>oD km m. VD V>[ ][ xBV V >D EkB]o> u >B >kM[ aB.
3. > :]kV\ kV>. zD \^ D. ][ >VD kV]B s[ >D k zD\BzD oBV| V_ >D. ]D V>V_ ^ \V m V V>. \^ VD BD \V s|kV^.D\z uF]B V_ kaB zk\VF V z ]oV^. \^ gk[ [ EV^.115
kV > ]Bk^ m z|D [lom Bk uV J[ V>^. km V_^ ] \V_ sD V|D V_V uV| V\VF \VV\_ W][. \m > A>_ c^ xB\V V_V g k gVV [ m\ V_, k>D k>\ \uD g>\ BV, BV [ A>V| V_D V_ c^]_ \EB V kzD V_V ck tz V_|zD, \ VD, k>V[ > zDtVD V\]uz uF] _k|D [ B V>V| VtB V_ l_ ]V. ]Bk^ : k. \VEV\ k. ]BVz zDtV_ : >>V m]V\, ]BV, s - VV >>V m]V\
4. x>VB ]> V_]_ko ], V] ku\ z^D > VD, \BV[ c>EBV > l_ >[ cuV\VF BVu, MB V_^ ]V.k kV> V]_ Bs[ \>l_ V> \ukD Bs[ [ c k|\ >V[ kV> EuG_ gBD [ |> xBuE k V F\suz V| [m. {VF _ m V| [ nBV ]D c[ D V[ [ V ]V. > \>k \>[ mz >V]D [ V VD VBkD k. VD cVBm. \BV[ c>EBV >V VBV_ V. x ]l[ J kzD116
kzD B m kV| u| kz ]VD, ]z ]VD B_| gB kaV_ J m V^k> W]sV. k ]sm gV>z w [ km T_ k] wm V VV. > J[ c^D c>m. \D \V \[MA | u gV>l_ z uV. \BV[ c>EBV [ >VVBVBV_ c\V V > V_>V[ [D D ul_. V_ : >[ ]l_ kV V>V >[ ]l_ kV
EM\V ]BDVmD EM\V V| kVl_ xbxbm V> > Q[ k V[k. >t \Va V_ V gk>V_ >t V_^ Bu V k>k. \m B V EM\V V u \Vu \|V| V_^ ] R >t\Vaz k Fm k>V. Vm V \>BV ^]. M.S.B>V[ ^ [ {F V^ VVV V_ >Vm V. x>_ V_ ckVm. V> M.S.B>V[ zK VV| >sm > c^ Vs_ AmV_ > gDm sV [ kV] m V. BV {F V^ VVV V_ > gD> > x>_ V VV V> V[ kV> V [ k Vkm V_ ZVt gD>m. kV> Vo[ _sBV \>m. > Vkm V_ gkz^V ka]B V_. > V ]Bk : BV n. VBV>[ V_ : >[ Vs_ AmV| >[ B >V117
kVV V_^ mD tD mB\V W, sBV], D, k\, mD, ]_, >M\, g>s[\, >uV Wl_ E >szD Vm gkD >D B m V_\ cu [m ]D. V_ ]Bk^ _k>V ]\VkV, VoV, VVV, DAkV _ \VV, \\ kVkV Vk^.
V\V^ 62Vo[ g>V k^ V_ : : g]BV\D 28: 10-22 BVVA 4 : 8 VV k gD
\m k^]_ EBm Vk V]K^ V[[ xD EBm. aB]uz # wz V|z _ y\VM> k^ _ kl_ E >s> Vm, kD VmD c>s FB BV> Wl_ E D Fms|, V VV gk[ ]B >V^. 1912D g| > Vm >\zD VVD. a xBVm. Jk kVF_ [ x|> _ >[ x>uB]B MVl_ \V], \_ J mkB Vm, 2000 B[ \ \]B V o[ z V gDm, kD cE V V J[ \ ]uz^ 1500 cB kzD z_ \m VV^. F]l[ ]l_ VV o VVsV_ V_ >m. \Vs_ 1844_ x\Vm. \Vs_. 12 g|z z ]. Vk[ \[ >VM V]_ \> z>V[ m cA118
u>V \Vsm. > Vo[ VD V ku km, D\D xbxb F> u V_ m. V_ : cD\ > V[ k
2.
g>V k^ V_
: :
VD 1 : 7 cV\D 33 : 27 V ko
1736_ k[ BVV > V >s m. _ B]_ |DAB_ >VBm.kD VF cl> xBVm [ wo_ Vm V kz gk V|> Am MV_ V BuV. \m ]BV gB ]i FB k]uz 10 g|^ x[A >Vkm 1881 gD g| o_ BD Fm V> Vm B, V_ V V> \uV BlD V. ^ > >]_ AyV? [mD. gD [V. 18 g|z x[A V[ cz ] V| Vbk]_ A> Vm V^ s_ c^ _ mV[ [.Vm |k>uz zV> Vm ^ m\u wB BV J|T [ k V^. c [V_ mD FB xBs_ [V > k, gk s>\V V_ JD z ]_ >V [> Vm >V[ >[ [V. V_ : >[ g\ k^D V[ m[]_ : k 4 : 8 -11 VBV 6 : 2, 3
3.
g>V k^
1819 gD g| > gsl[ [ V|k>uz V_ ] V| V_| |, E \ ]_ ] V|>V. V_ WBV skV119
\V> c] Fk>V \> V_. k t E> aB, ]BV, g]oBV, km aB _ m s]>m. 31.03.1826 [ ^s_ ]EV^ k>>V. 02.04.1826 [ V #B BVkV[ gB]_ F], aB^ ]A, ]|m>_ gV>, \V gV>, {Fs_V\_ >[ > sV. 03.04.1826 ]^ V gV]uz x[ 4 \ D >Vm k_ ~|V.V 10 \z V mV> gB]_ D ]D >>V_ ]> kl_ klo_ V] ku\l[ y\ u ]B >k BV cuV|]V. z V ck c, \]B kl_ ]] V[ _D [V. ]]l[ _D ]\[ kV][ c^ >m. V > _ z]_ z [V. [k ]Dkl_. z [ V> Vm 43 kB]_ >[ aB \VF _ . z #B BVkV[ gB kV]_ D F>. [D km u aB][ E[\V km WkV szkm _, \_W^^. > aB : V_| V_ : #B #B #BV [zA : k \> _ zD ]EV^ ]\[ kV]_ m. kMV_. V skV]_ JsV_ aB \\> > Ws\V Wm V xBV> ]V]_ \m VkVD [m V\.
120
VKD wKD 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. V_ [VD \V > V[ Vs>V[ VVD D B EV [ * clVl kB m]F, \\ >V >B [VF >k >V [[ \ V> BV[ #BV] #Bk! c\m Aw ]Bk W [ . V> V oB VD [ QV. Vxk_ >.k>VBD k. ]BVz >.BVA >.k>VBD n.VBV>[ kV> VF [V #z> ] m[D k>^ D VE \[ >k >M\ wA k w>Vm
c>EBVD, VE \[ >kD, KDA VBV_ V]kD, >VD gkV_ >V|, >[ >[ EB l[ V> >^ >Vm V| gk[ >. g, V_^ \m xBuE \|\[ gsBVk[ >V, gkVB Bs[ \\[ B_ xBuEzD Vm ka >|kVD [m c]. V]uu kV>^ \Vu| k>\ VD >>. kV VxD A V_ >Va_O x gk[ V\! EBV l[ D [k[ VD >uVm y\VM xm. > m]mV >VD, kV]BsV|D V]uu _V\ \V|[ VmD, \VV> [ \m B [m c^ _oM.121
>K_ >Fk Vu > >^, ]^, k^, > gVD >, k>VBD V]BV V[V B \V VuD kl_ >ta_ mk V]B Bu D A>V^.V >D l >k wV\_ ]D \m V|>. VV_ > V^ >uVm EM\V B\VV BVV, V BV V[VV_ c|, > \x\V ] V_V \Vu k[ [m >k[ m]i\. >[ V^ mD \z V>\Vk^. VD kuB_VD \m A]B V_V ozD, {zD, >V]uzD ] xBmkD V|m c[> V_ m kmsVD. >> \V[ V_^ _VsV_ A]B ^ V_z >VD V kB W u|D. mk VD V> V_]D V[ >Vkm cV [V_ _ [> ]_. > A]B D V_ Bul>V_ V| V^V> suz >D, V\VD zsm VlzD. gV_ > ckVxD _V\_ ^ >Vm k[. E V V u M VVD. V, VD, mz VDV], _BV, g> s, V>V\ B, VD V[ gVD \m >_ \D. k_ V V]_ zD V_ : > : 56 cVBV \.122
M. V V_ E63... VD 1. V > 56, cVBV \ 288 VmD 2. A[V kV \kV> 3, g\^ 3. VD A 92, > 4. t>_BV VkV_ 42, \! 5. m>VM \ 47, g>D A> 6. VV Vk>V 44, [ 7. >V|>V[ 8. g>s 169, >k V[ c\m l_ 302, g>\ 9. BV BV ]\| MsD \kD z,z z c[T| >V]_ D, D _ VV, V>_ >>V V>_ VVk B\V BVV .g.\V[ .g.\V[ .g.\V[ .g.\V[ .g.\V[
skV>[ V>[ V\J] E>[ >VD V BVV > \V >VV|V \V\[ T| \T| BVV
VD [ _Kz w>t, w\ [ >xD. [V_ _ [D, ] [V_ A [D > [V_ AE D D >twV_ |m. l_ \w FD, wD D [V_ J k>VKD zD. VD [V_ [ D gD64 D V^ V. V\z x[ >k^ > V B[|] k>. nVB k, gB V[ k, V\[ \BVE> A] kB_VD D\ > MB >[ V \ Fm sm. c\l_ V_VV_ QVluw\ >s k V_ >B >V|km _ [m kD D\] kB \VV^. V^ > |m m, x>V_ V V>V_ >D A>m zD AmAm >^.123
k VD V>BVF >k B \>V_ VD t B >k FVD [ V^. M kV_ \m c\BV V VD \>V V^kVD. VD D ^z x|mkVD. \u \BKD, V\VD, >D >>V_>V[ \m A>_ >k V\VD, >D [ [. |>V F]B V_ sw[. V\z VD, V_D Bt_Vm V>V_>V[ V^ B VD, V\^ VsKz^ \]D \V]D V_o >m V. gV_ VD gBmz c^D, AxD >k V, g m][ B_ >[ VD FD aB][ D. EBVF VB][ >V [k[V_ _ y\V>z ]B VD >]_ 4D ]V]_ 2D k]_, \BD kVF>VKD kVBVsVKD V>BVF ]k> D b [ k] kVBVlD s V. >V[ >m 150km >]_ V >VMBV TBV, \>V, >DAV, >V, BVwV, yzwV, >VV, V^ >VV [ wV V V|k>uz > wKD c>kV \Vu V^ kV]Bs kk\m V|]V.124
k >V[ V_^ _B\V V]_ Vw V| xkmD m^ V k> x Vm, BVkm \BD zD V>_VD VxD V k>, >B V\> VD \m x[V^ BV [ V^VD. _Vs_ Vm Vom ]BVsuz k> t B tBV s_oBD BVu >B gBD [z V \Vum V \m VKD >kD [> uVFs|D. k^V^ >B s> ]BVsuz k> VD \VVF, ]BVsom Vmz s> s \m ] z\V km [m kD m V^ xBV> c\. k^VKD > >BV>, k>> kVE >BV>, m kVE ] Vm V|Vz ]B> A|km [m V\V[B\V 64a [ _.64 \m V|z _sx V| k> \V V[ \> > V_ _sBs_V\_ VVD | z \^ k zm VF, gB^ m J|D kW [ um? k \m V QVl kaV|, {F V^ ^, s|x k>V\ ^, uF], ]BV ^, A>_ ^, T|^ ]A, ] V> swV^, z|D kk^ mD > V_ _V> V]V_ zD \zD B k c^m DVD. Q V z^, V^ Q nBD, >k Q ^, kD x _.125
g \V>]_ VD gV>B \B\V V| \u VB^ mD >z \\BVF Fkm kEB V|m. k >V[ BVKD k> t E> D. z >BVV>k _ _ VD. k V_^ JD ]BD s>_, [ uF] >_ [m B V V| VV]_ B [. > cx^D >B V\]uz \\V B_|] g]VD. _VkuuzD \V \m >, V\V kV>[ gw^, c^]_ u \ >]_ s> VBz \m^. k \kVm \]VD, V|kVD, D >]zD x|mkVD. >uVm V> g[V_ k^ >D, V\VD, V m]m gV]m |> >xlz k[ \mk> sFV.
126
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9. DV_ DA^!
VRMVD m BVVkm z^ k>V_ w V_o km [ kD kVKz kB [ Bm[ V. M_ >] [>V[ [B >V>VA V>D. gB \^ >Vm m Vl>V_ [ y _m ][ _m [ szD kwD [D >VD sA . [ F]B s bz J[ x \ o Akm, gbz | x \ o Akm, zw>z x \ o Akm [D gB \l[ sA [D c|. QVluw\_ >kVm kD V V[ D\D\V gk s]BV\V s|x s>V. ]. s kV]BV k[ V T>V[ [B o \A WkD.
>> >D \V\V D\z | V _V^ V. skV D, VE D, \m _ V V V^ V V_[ \V>_^.127
\z VF >V[ [B V\_ V, kVB [ VF >D z k A. ]\ W_ ^ c>s Fms| \\[ _m \\^ TVD ]\D x> [ [A u VD V EM\Vz Vkm [\V ^. m VB^ [V_ m F] V_, J>V V_ Q >| LKD, KD, mD [ >k_ V_KD B T kVoBm. >s_ VBk> >VMB^ ][ \wl_ B V_, wV\_ { km c>s FD D \^. k^k[ kV [uBk^. c_W V]A, E [V_ kVD k]> Jk, { [ kB s| B , V|> Vx|. _V T|D, T| E| zs[ EuBV _ \^ V>V >Vs| zD MB _^. 1970z x[A V, VB >s T|KD, >]\> [A >EB VB >s k> VD T[ cB]uz \ V>]_, >]_. V], , \> cs[ _VD _VD x V_o wzD V]l[ , \m _ kV VD m. [z m V >_ VxBVm.kVwl, \ szD, mD \ c\VzD. V]_ BV k] c\D u k|D.T|z .15/-D z .50/-D, ^z .3/- K> k|D. >s_ V V|,128
k^ m l_ [ BVVkm k>V_ BV^ Vz^ Azm V^D. B_ kBz kV D V|zD. VB k>kD, k xBuE>kD, > # xBV>kD >. |\BV D [ >m. m csD, BkD, z\VD V>[, >D zsm >V]D V_km, V_VsV_ uV[ kmD D xm_ zD. 1940gD g|_ k_ 1.50 V \|\. 1940gD g|_ ]. g[, ]. l[ k^ T_ ]. >VD kV_ [ \z B[|D kl_ >m. V]_ _ A^ [VKD s_ \V _V\_ [VKD Vk_ mlD k kD. |> ]_ c^ AD ]\]_ mV CSI V[ gD ^ ^ \Vs^, k^ [B V^. gD]_ V[ VV [ gD ^ wm. VV 1929 gD g| ]\].QV]sBD kV_ V[ ^ VV [ mkum. VD V>B [ \VV kV > V| V[ (Lord Goschen) BV_, tV_ \m.
129
130
CSI
V[ ^ gD^ [B ^ \Vs^, k^ [B V^.
15.06.1949 [ > n - to k[ ]\]_ mV V[ ^ ^ \Vs^ \uD Bk^,
[B ^ \Vs^ [B V^
>l_ cV]k^ : (On Floor) tm kD : Vk wz> 2) V s 3) >V\BD\V^ 5) \ (\ VBVs[ >) 9) nVM[ > 10) ZV\ 12) kB] (nVM[ >)
131
g]_ \]V : (On Bench) ]\]. VV _BV, (zw>-> UV) ]. >kEV\ (\V >V>V), ]. g.D.. t[ ]. W.H., ]. mVt (V_| >V>V), ]. >k[A (m >V>V), ]. VR (\ VBV >V>V), ]\]. nZ[ (zVm[ >VBV)
x>_ kl_ Wuk^ : (First Row Behind Elders) 1) [Vx (VoD >), 2) t (V[Vt \^), 3) > (\V >VBV) 5) _D (xms[ >) 6) | (wM\V][ >) 7) VV (ms[ >) 8) >V\BD\V^ (E[M[ >)
Vkm kl_ Wuk^ : (Top Row) 1) B\ (xM[ \s), 2) Vt[ (v[ >), 3) \ wz> 4) JVl ( cs) 5) s\V (V >), 6) BV, 7) z>V (VVs[ >), 8) _kM[ cs 9) ]V Vxk_
g>oVu V>_ FT!uVD mk >uVD k V>o_V D As_ _B[m VD > c\. ]_ D \VF A>o[ sB_ Azm VmD c\. V>_, A>_, >_, wz>_, kE, kE, WkE V\V \V^ D V>o[ V]l_ V>VD ] FB[. ]_ kuu V>_, T s| kBB V>_, z]l_ m>_, lo_, V_, _ {xD, \V B^ ]]_ V> \|\ \B\V V| ku u^. sQV kEl_V V]_ V> k c^j, >M B TqD, ]B >V_ mD, {z c>sD lm V>_ x>Vm, > Vm, > V>_, >VA _z V_ k sDV>_VD ] V_[ k^ VB> |V| u guBmD c|. l[ \ Vk \l mk [B 7gD s[ x[] V_ k >> V]uz u V_ k^ \ BVkV m V| Vs_ V> { kmV| km. c |> \ k,> m k, V mV^ V]KD um V>_. m kxz c| zDVm... kVsBo[ >D ADVm... g>oVu........................132
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10. tV
Q m wD\VW s_ m V \m _ >m. > Vz zV >Vw ].>V >\l_ \m ]om _ um. t E> sBV|V^ > V_ m V>V_ \| YVC [ \m B |> kB VBD um. k, >lom V xD, V kxm, k_ .g.\B[ V[k \m [ m sBVVD. EV > V [>V_ \|B u^ V\omD, \| kVED kV VzD x[ B k]m sBV | >. _o| V ]V |D \s m VB V \^ ]V E k m |m _kV^. V_ \|l_ > BVD, QD, \suz g> >>. zV ]kV^ D, \T| Vh, cu_s gEB ], gEB V_V (Post Master), [V gBV g> >>k_ E.
]. D.. >Vtx[V^ >k Y.V.C. \|
133
]. V
]. D
]. ]
]. [V
]. V_V134
tV (MINTONETTE)k[D [D VV >[D V t[ cwzD >D c\V >V_ c[VD c]_ \VzD c, [D kV| V>V_ >V[ kVkVD [VF! VWD V_ V|sV_ [ gzD? c_VzD ka^ z gl>V[ c> FkVD kVZ! ]B\> BVw * k|D; k\> E]> y k|D s]B\> sBV gk|D saB\> kul k|D W]B\> _^ Vu k|D Wk> D ]> u k|D \]B\> kVk\m E k[ kok\> | V k|D VBD \k|D V]zD \\B >V k|D BD ck> AE k|D [ W]D k|D VBVVD VDo z k|D V_kD kl V_k|D mV| >V ]_ W[V_ ]|\V \k! >VD [D! m \D z]zD; VDVF y|D Vk VD { > {|D km kVkzD [ V kDkm kVmzD >_! [D135
>m >DzD Am\ V_KD >[MD [MD ] k_KD km mB\VD T> V sBV g|T... sD [D! cuBV_ cFkmk c kV! c\l> cV>V cV>V! c_V> clkV Q _VD! c_VkV kVk_VD c> VD! ]tz> co>V_ ]\ D! yV> VBV|zD! [\ |D! ] VV_ wz D! D k cwz luE FT! g\[ wzkD, D! a> _Ko_ g^ D! \[\[ \D kD, ] *D! \VzD Dl_ TD \D! \[ clKD m WuzD! |]zD yB >|> {|D! \VAtz cuBV_ \> ^ \VW]_ V! \> FT! 65 1891D g| \VsK^ _| YMCA _l_ >m > W F> ]. s_oBD G. \V[ [k >V> |m ] kk\m czz x|]V. z k cu_s BzV WBtV. k A]B, A]B ] |m, x|] Q zs]_ DVuV. 1895gD g| sBVV^ V[V > >V]_ z u Vm m tD \V>VD,136
kVVk \V] V^DBV W mD |m. k k >Vkm \Vu sBV| cKz gm ssV\_ sBV mkV [ >V_ D ]. > bu c> s_oBD A]B sBV| [ V k|D gk_ VV. ys\V E]m, g]_V sBV| [ |>V. m m, V_, [M, V_ gBk[ kBV V| ckVV. TB t z> >VAB>VD, g]_V>>VD |>V. [M sBV[ kB kV V \M>M[ cB> _ V| 6 6 zD cB]uz >lom D]_ V. sBV| mkBm. Tz VE gD x|>m. Vm T^ ]lom k> > >V kz \ >V >V >V. > bu s_oBD \V[ 1895_ tV 66 [ > sBV x|]V.
tV kVoVVmgD V]_ >V>V >VzkmD, z]mD cuV\B\VF [m T^ u. [A g T^ \|\ g|]_ \V]V^k> >szD BV T[ zm. ]om > >V x[D, [D B Vm w swV\_, kB >VV\_ sBVB Vm A]B kmz^ sBV| wm [m. Volley [ g V_Kz VV x[D [D z]m z]m > B>V_ sBV| Vollely Ball gm. 1896 7 \Vs_ _| _l_ x>[ x>V m sBV| g_| _ kVoV_ [ B \VuV. 1900-_ m137
sBV| x>[ x>V B\V m ckVm. > g|_ YMCA, m sBV V \uD >uz V|z k F>m. 1905-_ RV V|z x|>m. 1907-_ \Vs_ Au sBV|_ [V u x|>m. 1909-_ VV V, 1912_ czk, 1913_ wzV|^, 1916-_ o[ sBm. 1916-_ >B k]^ sBV|k>uz ckV. 1917-_ Eo_ xD gm. 1917-D g| 21 A^om 15 A^V \Vum. 1919-_ \V >[ mAzD, B V| | Tz\V m 16000 m kw ][ kEB zs>m. >[ JD WB V| \z [>m. 1920-_ J[ x >V \]D, [ k gV^ >V \]l[\ s]D ckVm. 1922-_ YMCA >EB VDB[ V AM_ (WRBV) >m. 27 ^ 11 \VWom z um. 1928-_ USA Volleyball >uVm w|D USVBA - United States Volley Ball Association ckVm. 1930-_ VmVz D_ D kzD t xB\V sBVV ckVm. x>_ V kVoV_ (Beach Game) ckVm. 1934-_ >EB |k^ VD u. 1937-_ \ V[ VD u w\V m wD ckV [ >EB \B\Vm.138
1940-_ m > |>_ x>[ xBV x|>m. (Forearm first pass) >uz x[ _V\ [M sBV| V_ Atm \uV A]uz T Fkm V m>V[ sBVV ]|D. 1942-_ gEB V|_ zV ]BV V[ V|_ ys\V sBm. 1943-_ >[ ]B z]_ E>D >m. 1944-_ >tV_ tB s_ x|>| k>m. [ YMCA kEz B VuBm. 1945-_ \|l_ ]. V_V [kV_ m luE x |>m. k _ [V BVuBk. km >> Rev. MB_ FBVm \m TELC gB zkVkV 1941-46-D g|_ BVuBm \m VBD.
Q m wD
- YVC 67
{sBz #D, Euz cD, sQz VD V D \z m. E[ kB]om z^ E\VF Em sBV| >V[ > > W_ Em szm [> cEV> c_V szkm culuE \|\. > \| \k >]_ \z^ A]B kV> VBm m>V[. ^ ]B ]V[ BVD \B\ >tw][ BVD VVD, V|, \Vk][ xk \V [ V\][ xk m. kB]_ u tA [D [ E_ ]m zD V \^.139
^ > D, x]mD D, V sB VD. u VD, zD \bz \\ > k^. \m x[V[ TD k kV m. z^ s ED, cs cED, [ m[. ]BV >] Vu kVE>uz x[\B \m >M VDVB> >[^ ckVBm. ^z [ Ek^ V^ \|D uVm ^ u k>. 1945D g| ^]. FBVm [ zkVk K>[ ]l[ V>V \|l_ Am k>V. B BVuB > D\Kz \BV g\[. V_V [m km B. xMEVol_ V>V gFkVV Am k>V. > z|D] ~DB >k^. V_z ^l_ \m Q^ m k> Vm cu_s ][ Vm m culuE gD V]_ Fm k>. k sBV|^ x. ]\l[ l_ ]VF \uV^m. m sBVk[ T^ > > Vm ku kV Bm, \m \. >Vm sBVVF sBV|. Vm ^l_ culuE gEBV A>k \m V\> > ]. ] (]. xm\BM[ >>) k^. VV m kV VE[ {El_ km c>sBV_ ^lom m |m km zD > m V\| \>V> zkm > sBV|]VF.140
s|x VKD, V s|xl[ VmD _ \V>]_ ]_ m |m km BA> > Vm >B_ V| A[ sBV mk. \mlom ]. V[BV k^ \m z k>VD \ \V>]_ m kw cuV|]V. ]kV^ >VD, VD>V, V[ gBV^ l[ T > FD zs_ >. Vm>V[ ]A xBV \>m K>[ ] V> ]. FBVml[ \M[ AD, D, Q wm [xD V luEl Vz[ ]V. k\V Wukm sBV| T[ s_ s_V luEB>V. ]xD >VluE >V>m. ].V_V k^ \m _ \>VxD, D ckV k|D [ >kD, VxD c^> VV. mwA >m. \^ g> Bm. x luEl_ x[B T^ \V> Vz wzD suz cB>m, ].V_V k[ ].V_V VD. \m _ m wD ckV, \VW][ t E> BV ckV V\Vl> ]. V_V k[ z|D>Vz _ JD [B |[. >] kVB ]B^ s> Vm D \_ tB \Vu^ W>. x>V x>Vkm ckVlu. l[ T^ :141
YVC
x>_
].>Vt >k
].BVkV[
].oB\V^
].D...
].V[[ ].Vx
]... V\Vt142
]kV^ : >Vt >k oB\V^ V[[ BVkV[ D.. \B[ .. V\Vt Vx \VD () \kVD.
gD V W^ (1950) :> gD V V_ ]EV^ \Vk > VEB[ (TDAA) [ wD >V[ >m. >MBV m wD Vs_. > \A >V[ \Vk m VB #B kV _l_ mD. kV > Vl_ \m YVC ].>Vt k^ >\l_ Vl_ m Vm. x>Vkm g| \Vk]K^ [z >^ T V| ku m. |m k> | kKD tB \m ]m W[ ]B \ k Fm \V> W[m. \Vk\ Ak> cB] \| [ V\][ B \[ Vm. J[ g|^ >V ku u hattrick m V>B ]]_ ]Bm. Vm AM> _l[ x>_kV > >> V [k. \|l_ >Vkm _ c^>V sBm kV D\[ _ M> VV. |> ]_ c^ A]_ \]zD kl_ kt|^ _ x>_k V, 3km kl_ Wuk >V V>V, 2km kl_ x[V^ zB >k m_ VD kD143
144
\m l[ g> |]V^.
V\z] V^\Vk> B \VT^, >V| W_V\_ A \|\ V\V AV>D > kV c|.gDVD V\]_ > m Vl_ \m D, V_tBVAD D \V]. ]l_ t E> sBV| TV ]kV^, [M, z, Vs z, \V>k[ VB V[V t. \m V> E[ ] g]_ W zm >Vu T^ > . Az D \m \^, m sBV|k]KD A VV B z [ z cD u. Bk o, V\Vz, kVV V[ z |k V| VF | luE |m kw\Vl>m.
]kBV V]. >Vt ]kBV V sBV \ >V. \m z u sBV B um.
>V V^x>_ g]o> \m x[B kD >m. V_ ] gD k B z V ]z^ OwB \] >m. c^j \^ g>, ]]> m \[ V> VV|^ g> l_ ] gD mkBm. V AB ck|>m. ] gVV \m T[ >V >Vz>V_ ] >V_sl[ D \_ VB mkB D. ]_ k>m { ]E F]. m ...m >> ]. BVkV[ k[ >> kl[ \ F] F]B V| k>k ]. mV k^. (V[L[ >V).145
m A]om 3k>V >kV m[ \]k ]. D.. >Vt
146
Y.V.C. T^, kV| gk>>V| VB
V k> D. \^ >s A]>V kV D\ V ]_ BVBV > V> ]. V_| D, sB> m BVx\ kVD Vl[ AM>]uz \ >V. m >V>Vs[ \ F] ] gD xD k BVzD V_s_. E |_ _ zD gD, z ] Vl_ kuMB c>sBm. ku _ g|]om kB k> [ >>lD sD >s Vm, lB V][ k|^ ]>. [ VkV| ED ]D \] u, V\ ckV \]_ \ \>kV BD. x>V_ ] Vz > xms| kms| BVkV[ [ ]. >Vt B>V [ >> [MD B V>_VD, \m \[ cl Vu ci> zD cBk Vm [> m sB][. V_ >VE k]l[ >VA _z kB >m \m .Y.V.C.
m Vs[ > ]oBV (Substitute) ] Fm ] g]uz tBk E\BzB > ].wMk_ k^ VV >Vu ]DBm \m kVu_ V> ]m [m >V V. 1950D g| >t s K>[ ]l[ o VV> o V [ kw V >m.
1951 >EB _ >VV^]EV^ \Vk > VEB[ TDAA \>V]_ V um. ^ u. YVC V k[ ]Vz^ Ow>m.147
Vl_ \m V ].Vv _ k[ ]. V, k u Fm gBm \m . Y.M.C.A. ]E [ > V >m. ].A.R.Vxk_ > V EV sBVV. MD ]Vl_ \m k[m.
1952, 1953, 1954 >V V^> J[ g|_ >tw][ xB\V _ V^ >. k, EmD, m\V > m VKD \m z u sBV z \ >m. \VkD >V \]B \Vk^, \BV \Vk^ |]zD \|l[ A sBm. zV, V^VE, \m, g\ V[ _ > m V^ ]KD YVC \| k[m s> Vm >>_ kz D > >VD.
1955 V^\m TD, ]. P.K. V\Vt, ]. V s_oBD kD m zu V[ VD m. t E> _VD z u. V l_ ]kV^, xD, V[ A u sBV| T^ sBV. kB_VD m\ \]m t[ sBV ]Vl_ \m l \ k F>m \m YVC .
1955]EV^ _s \Vk]_ ]. G.V PET ( >>) kV_ TDSSA - m V gEBV mk| 1998 k D EA\V um. m >uVm148
]\ sV VBV \V EA[ V >VkV szk^ ]kV^ V s_[, V[ gBV.
1956 \| m V s| \m VVm \| m V [V^. ]B T^ ]. \VVtl[ >D D, k> m T VxD D V m. ] gV[ t E> gD | sBmV \^ . Vl_ \m ku um. ] s_[ PET , D\VD m VB ]V.
1957 V_z k V^V_z k]_ > m V^ ]KD TV| sBV x>o> > [ D x[V[ V> Vl_ D Wm.
1958 k m VcBW^ \>V]_ > VlKD >M x] ]>m >[Mu \>. 1958-1959 : > k]_ >k >s ].>Vt ktm ]. oB\V^ kD >m. kB oB[ w ]. oB[ >\lV l. ]kV^ : oB\V^ (oB[) C[ Vxk_ V_| D (_V) >V \B[149
1959-1960 : _sBV_ iB luEBVVB ]. \V kD YMCA [ \>V]_ luE uk ].V_| D k^ k! [ BVV _l_ D VD m V t \]A kVF> [. YMCA cu_s _V, ]. k^ sBV t kz z ] Vl_ Sacred He
