Electromagnetic-laser

- 1.7, 5.0, 11.7 and 35.1 kHz

- Footprint 30-35m

- Δt= 10Hz Δx= 3-4m

200km data sets per flight

Ice thickness

Surface roughness

Bulk ice conductivity

Ocean Surface conductivity

Ice thickness profiles

Mean: 5.003

0 5 100

5

10

15

Ice Thickness Histogram

Ice Thickness (m)

Fre

que

ncy

(%

)

Mean: 5.999

-128.16 -128.14 -128.12

74.82

74.825

74.83

74.835

Flight Path Plot

Latit

ude

Longitude

10000

15000

20000

2500030000

1.812 1.814 1.816 1.818 1.82 1.822 1.824

x 104

5

6

7

8Ice Thickness Plot: FEM11037-16AUG2011RAW.DAT

Data Sample Number

Met

res

70 m

B1-S1 NRC line #3 North to South Aug. 16 afternoon 100m

ship

Marked Sled-NRC line

0 5 100

2

4

6

8

Ice Thickness Histogram

Ice Thickness (m)

Fre

quen

cy (

%)

Mean: 3.706

-128.6 -128.4 -128.2 -128 -127.874.75

74.8

74.85

74.9

74.95

Flight Path Plot

Latit

ude

Longitude

7500

15000

22500

30000

37500

45000

3.55 3.6 3.65 3.7 3.75 3.8 3.85 3.9 3.95

x 104

0

5

10Ice Thickness Plot: FEM11036-16AUG2011RAW.DAT

Data Sample Number

Met

res

3 km

~15km line section floe North of B1-S1 and ship

ship

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

B1-S1 marked sled-NRC line parallel to ship

190m long

4 lines flying N-S over marked line

And one (bottom)

Line soft-landing on first 10 markers

B1-S2

3 of 15 lines

~1500m each

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1201101010

B1-S2 marked sled-NRC line

Three lines flown N-S in the fog on Aug 18 afternoon

And bottom line soft-landing at 10 markers

GPR Sunday Aug 14 north floeGPR probably is penetrating through while surface

low saline ice found above freeboard

GPR and laser distance

Helicopter is a moving reference frame