Edme H. Hardy - KIT...Edme H. Hardy 2 2.11.2009 Dr. E. H. Hardy, Lv-Nr: 22954 Inst. f. Mechanical...

KIT – University of the State of Baden-Wuerttemberg and National Laboratory of the Helmholtz Association

Institute for Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics

www.kit.edu

m = ½

m = -½

ħ ω = ΔE = ħ γB0

BoEm

0 ΔE

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NMR and MRI in Chemical and Process EngineeringEdme H. Hardy

Dr. E. H. Hardy, Lv-Nr: 22954 Inst. f. Mechanical Process Engineering and Mechanics2 2.11.2009

Contents

1 Basics of NMR and MRI2 Examples of in situ applications3 Requirements, limitations4 Compact, mobile systems5 Contact


1 Basics of NMR and MRI

For dN NMR-active nuclei in a volume dV in an external flux density B a nuclear magnetization M is observed in thermal equilibrium.

The nuclear magnetization is proportional to the density of nuclear spin I:



In an external field B the magnetization experiences a torque density T:

The torque density results in a change of density of spin:



These three relations lead to the classical equations of motion:



NMR, MRI: manipulation of magnetization dynamics via B(r, t)Sample: NMR-relevant parameter vector

and associated distribution („spin density“)

NMR signal and sample properties: integral transform


2 Examples of in situ applications

Solid-liquid separationDust separation Microwave heating and dryingTrickle bed



Solid-liquid separation



Solid-liquid separation

Filter-cake buildup, SimulationFilter-cake buildup, MRI



Dust separation

Structure of fibrous filter(MRI, detail, 30 µm resolution)

Oil-filled microcapsules as test particles,6 µm diameter (SEM)



Dust separation

Dust-loading profile after 2 hours Dust-loading profile after 8.5 hours



Microwave heating and drying



Microwave heating and drying

Simulation

Messung

x / mm y / mm

z / m

m

x / mm y / mm

Simulation

Experiment



Trickle bed



Trickle bed

Structure for Spheres and Trilobes Radial Porosity Profiles



Trickle bed

Velocity field (mm/s) for one-phase liquid flow through a ceramic sponge



Trickle bed

Identification of individual particles Differentiation of catalyst and supportvia NMR-Relaxation


3 Requirements, limitations

NMR-active nuclei (1H, 19F, 31P, …)Transparency for radio waves (not optical waves)No electrically conducting material within the measuring zoneNo ferromagnetic devices near a superconducting magnetSample must fit into the magnet (KIT: ~ 5 to 65 mm)Tomography is difficult for dry, solid samples


3 Requirements, limitations

Spatial resolution: typically up to 256x256x256 sampling pointsTemporal resolution: ~second to hoursVelocity range: ~mm/s to cm/sTemperature resolution: ~K


4 Compact, mobile systems

Ferromagnetic devices permitted close to the permanent magnetNMR apparatus can be brought to the samplePossibilities for single-sided and inside-out NMR

NMR-based Capillary RheometryRheo-TD-NMRMoisture ProfilesMedium ResolutionDroplets Size DistributionSFC, Oil and Water Content, Spin finish, H content,…



NMR-based Capillary Rheometry: in situ Velocimetry



NMR-based Capillary Rheometry: in situ Velocimetry

Velocity Probability Density FunctionOlive Oil (∇) and Mayonnaise (◊)

Viscosity Function (Olive Oil,Mayo., PVP Solution, Dispersion)



Rheo-TD-NMR

T p ω



Moisture Profiles

Test sample

Experiment


5 Contact

Spokesperson tomography group:Prof. R. Reimert, CIW-VT, EBI-GEK, KIT CSLocal contact tomography laboratory:Dr. G. Guthausen, CIW-VT, IMVM, SRG 10-2, KIT CSLow-field NMR Medium Resolution and Droplets-Size Distribution: Dr. G. GuthausenLow-field NMR-based Capillary Rheometry, Rheo-TD NMR and Imaging: Dr. E. H. Hardy, CIW-VT, IMVM, KIT CS

Thanks to D. Mertens, R. Reimert, H. Nirschl, H. Buggisch, DFG, SRG 10-2 C2F Excellence Initiative

Edme H. Hardy - KIT...Edme H. Hardy 2 2.11.2009 Dr. E. H. Hardy, Lv-Nr: 22954 Inst. f. Mechanical...

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