Dipole-dipole interactions between atoms for many-body ... · Ultracold atoms in lattices Munich,...

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Dipole-dipole interactions between atoms for many-body physics and quantum information Antoine Browaeys Laboratoire Charles Fabry, Institut d’Optique, CNRS, FRANCE

Transcript of Dipole-dipole interactions between atoms for many-body ... · Ultracold atoms in lattices Munich,...

Page 1: Dipole-dipole interactions between atoms for many-body ... · Ultracold atoms in lattices Munich, JQI, Harvard… J ij ⇠ 1 r6 ij Rydberg atoms Coupling range See e.g. Hazzard et

Dipole-dipole interactions between atoms

for many-body physics and

quantum information

Antoine Browaeys

Laboratoire Charles Fabry,Institut d’Optique, CNRS, FRANCE

Page 2: Dipole-dipole interactions between atoms for many-body ... · Ultracold atoms in lattices Munich, JQI, Harvard… J ij ⇠ 1 r6 ij Rydberg atoms Coupling range See e.g. Hazzard et

Rydberg interactions

R

+

A

+

B

Van der Waals resonantC3

R3

C6

R6

Ini_al

Final

Galleryofassembled2Darrays…(single-shotimages…)

Barredo,deLéséleuc,etal.,Science354,1021(2016)

10μm

ω0

E0, ω

Interactions betweenlight-induced dipoles

Dipole interactions for QIP and many-body physics

See: A. Asenjo-GarciaR. Kaiser

?

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Our Goal(as many groups…)

Héloïse Chochois, for LabexPALM

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Quantum metrologyMany-body physics

Transition quantum / classicalQuantum information

Message

Dura

tion

size L

Ln

Exp L

�⌫

⌫0/ 1p

N

�⌫

⌫0/ 1

N

qu. states

Quantum state engineering: create controlled quantum states

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Neutral atoms Trapped ions Photons

NV centers Quantum dots Superconducting qubits

Quantum state engineering with individual systems

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Neutral atoms Trapped ions Photons

NV centers Quantum dots Superconducting qubits

Ions

Two-level systems to encode a spin:

Addressable + controlled interactions

Quantum state engineering with individual systems

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# of ‘spins’1 102 104

Nearestneighbors

Ultracold atoms in lattices Munich, JQI, Harvard…

Jij ⇠1

r6ij

Rydberg atoms

Coupling range

See e.g. Hazzard et al., PRA 90, 063622 (2014)

Trapped ionsJQI, Innsbruck…

Polar moleculesMagnetic atoms

JILA, Stuttgart, Paris…

Platforms in AMO physics

Page 8: Dipole-dipole interactions between atoms for many-body ... · Ultracold atoms in lattices Munich, JQI, Harvard… J ij ⇠ 1 r6 ij Rydberg atoms Coupling range See e.g. Hazzard et

Lecture 1: Dipole-dipole interaction between atoms

Lecture 2: Basics of Rydberg physics. Arrays of cold atoms. Rydberg blockade & QIP

Lecture 3: Many-body physics with Rydberg atoms

Outline

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5 10 15 20 25 30 35R (au)

0

10000

20000

30000

ener

gy (c

m-1

)

Rb2+ Rb2+

5s+5s

5s+5p

5s+4d5s+6s

5s+6p

5s+6d5s+7s

singlet_sigma_g

singlet_sigma_u

singlet_sigma_u

triplet_sigma_u

singlet_pi_g

singlet_pi_u

triplet_pi_g

triplet_pi_u

singlet_delta_g

triplet_delta_g

singlet_delta_u

triplet_delta_u

5 10 15 20 25 30 35R (au)

0g+0g-0u+0u-1g1u2g2u

Molecular potentials Rb2

O. Dulieu, LAC

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On-line interaction calculator

https://arc-alkali-rydberg-calculator.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

N. Sibalic

S. Weber

https://pairinteraction.github.io/pairinteraction/sphinx/html/index.html

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A

B

r

Sub-radiantSub-radiant

Super-radiantSuper-radiant

q = 0

Sub- and super radiant states (linear dipoles)

0 2 4 6 8 10-4

-2

0

2

4

0 2 4 6 8 100.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

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A B

r

Super-radiant

Super-radiant Sub-radiant

Sub-radiant

q = p/2

Sub- and super radiant states (linear dipoles)

0 2 4 6 8 10-1.0

-0.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

0 2 4 6 8 100.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

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Þ “coherent” interaction

Rydbergstates

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Ener

gy [T

Hz]

l = 0 l = 1 l = 2

Optical transition

�opt

2⇡⇠ 100 nm

�µ

2⇡⇠ 1 cm

Microwave transition

kr ⌧ 1 kr & 1

Þ Dissipative spin models

Vdd ⇠ ~�kr

⇠ ~�

87Rb

Near-field vs. far-field = coherent vs. collective dissipation

Vdd = �d2egk

3

4⇡✏0eikr

✓1

(kr)3� i

(kr)2

◆(3 cos2 ✓ � 1) +

sin2 ✓

kr

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Vdd ⇠d2egr3

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Page 14: Dipole-dipole interactions between atoms for many-body ... · Ultracold atoms in lattices Munich, JQI, Harvard… J ij ⇠ 1 r6 ij Rydberg atoms Coupling range See e.g. Hazzard et

1. Far field (R = 2 λ): Modification of lifetime Ba+, 6S1/2 – 6P3/2

2. Near field (R = 0.02 λ): spectroscopy of 2 Terrylene molecules

super-rad

sub-rad

DeVoe, Brewer,PRL 76, 2049 (1996)

Hettich, Science 298, 385 (2002)

Resonant dipole interaction: observations of the eigenmodes