Diogenes Laertius’ Life of Socrates

Or on the Essence of True Love

New Translations of Diogenes, Plato, and Plutarch with Texts and Commentaries

By E. H. Campbell

Edward Campbell Media: Cambridge, MA.

First Edition

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© E. H. Campbell 2012

All Rights Reserved

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Καὶ σὲ μέν γε ἤδη1 ἐάσω:2 τὸν δὲ λόγον τὸν περὶ τοῦ Ἔρωτος,3

ὅν ποτ᾽ ἤκουσα4 γυναικὸς5 Μαντινικς6 Διοτίμας,7 ἣ8 ταῦτά9 τε

σοφὴ10 ἦν καὶ ἄλλα πολλά—καὶ Ἀθηναίοις ποτὲ θυσαμένοις

πρὸ τοῦ λοιμοῦ δέκα ἔτη ἀναβολὴν ἐποίησε τς νόσου, ἣ δὴ καὶ

ἐμὲ τὰ ἐρωτικὰ ἐδίδαξεν.11

I shall permit you this time, but the story about Love will be one I

heard from a Mantinean woman Diotima, she was wise about

these things and many others.

1 Adv., ἤδη, already, by this time 2 1st sing. fut. act. ind. of ἐάω, suffer, permit 3 masc. gen. sing. of ἔρως, love. 4 1st. sing. aor. act. ind. of ἀκούω, hear. 5 fem. gen. sing. of γυνή, woman. 6 Mantinean. 7 Diotima. 8 Pron., fem. nom. sing. of ὅς, she. 9 Adj., neut. pl. of οὗτος, this. 10 Adj., fem. nom. sing. of σοφός, skilled in any handicraft; wise. 11 Op. Cit., Plato, Symposium: 201δ.

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Sigla 1st = First person

2nd = Second person

3rd = Third person

Acc. = Accusative case

Act. = Active voice

Adv. = Adverb

Adj. = Adjective

Aor. = Aorist tense

Cf. = Confere, compare!

Comp. = Comparative

Dat. = Dative case

Fem. = Feminine gender

Gen. = Genitive case

Gk. = Greek

I.e. = Id est, that is

Ibid. = Ibidem, in the same place

Imper. = Imperative

Imperf. = Imperfect tense

Ind. = Indicative mood

Indec. = Indeclinable

Inf. = Infinitive mood

Lat. = Latin

Masc. = Masculine gender

Mid. = Middle voice

Mid./Pass = Middle/Passive voice

Neut. = Neuter gender

Part. = Participle

Partic. = Particle

Pass. = Passive voice

Perf. = Perfect tense

Pl. = Plural number

Prep. = Preposition

Pres. = Present tense

Pron. = Pronoun

Sing. = Singular number

Viz. = Videre licet, or vidlicet, it should be

seen.

Voc. = Vocative case

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Epitome

Sigla .......................................................................................................................................................... 4

Prŏoemium .............................................................................................................................................. 6

Capitolinus et Marcellus minor (Plut., Marcellus, 2.3-4) ................................................................ 7

Socrates on the false Lover (Plato’s Phaedrus 237α-243ε) ............................................................ 10

Diogenes, Β. Κεφ. εʹ. ΩΚΡΑΣΗ .................................................................................................. 26

Diogenes, Socrates, 2.5...................................................................................................................... 27

Addenda ................................................................................................................................................ 71

Ex Archelaus ...................................................................................................................................... 72

Ex Xenophon ..................................................................................................................................... 74

Ex Aristippus ..................................................................................................................................... 76

Ex Aeschines ...................................................................................................................................... 77

Ex Phaedo .......................................................................................................................................... 78

Ex Euclides ........................................................................................................................................ 79

Ex Crito .............................................................................................................................................. 80

Ex Simon ............................................................................................................................................ 81

Ex Plato .............................................................................................................................................. 82

Diotima of Mantinea on the birth of Love (Plato, Symposium., 203β-204α) .............................. 83

Alcibiades’ night with Socrates: Plato, Symposium, 219β-219δ ................................................... 85

Socrates et Alcibiades (Plato, Alcibiades, 131γ6-131ε) .................................................................. 87

Lexis brevis de Παιδ- et Ερω- .............................................................................................................. 90

Operas Citatas ....................................................................................................................................... 94

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Prŏoemium

I was going write somethinng fancy, but I resolved that saying what I mean will be

easier and faster. I have not finished this piece because I ran out of steam to carry it through

and since I might not get back to it for a while; I thought you should have it now.

As to the arrangement, the material on the front and the back, why I chose it, why it’s in the

order that it is in, will point directly to the Capitolinus’ who use their positions in appropriately,

many of them in Higher Education, should be reminded that Alcibiades said that sleeping with

Socrates was like ‚sleeping with your father or your older brother.‛ And that it was

Aristophanes who was the advocate of the Stronger Argument, male dominance and violence,

who lampooned Socrates saying inter alia: abou the Old Days when boys were martched to

school naked, were forbidden to cross their legs until they were proud of their manhood,

‚round about the time they get fuzz on their nuts.‛ And I find it very inappropriate that those

types of things could be said about Socrates. But it is also clear that he really ywas somesort of

a teacher and had a sponteneous young following, and he was murdered to prove ad baculum

argumentum defeats all other arguments, and they mostly did it because they were jealous

because Socrates was smarter, and indeed better. Alcibiades says that he was sarcastic, but

when you pealed back the layers he had a heart of gold.

Edward H. Campbell

Brighton, MA

December 26, 2012

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Capitolinus et Marcellus minor (Plut., Marcellus, 2.3-4)

[2.3] Ἠναγκάσθη12 δὲ ἀγορανομὦν13 δίκην ἀβούλητον14 εἰσενεγκεῖν.15 Ἦν γὰρ αὐτ παῖς16

ὁμώνυμος 17 ἐν ὥρᾳ, 18 τὴν ὄψιν 19 ἐκπρεπής, 20 οὐχ ἧττον 21 δὲ τ σωφρονεῖν 22 καὶ

πεπαιδεῦσθαι23 περίβλεπτος24 ὑπὸ τὦν πολιτὦν25 τούτῳ Καπετωλῖνος26 ὁ τοῦ Μαρκέλλου27

συνάρχων,28 ἀσελγὴς29 ἀνὴρ καὶ θρασύς,30 ἐρὦν31 λόγους32 προσήνεγκε.33 Σοῦ δὲ παιδὸς34 τὸ

μὲν πρὦτον αὐτοῦ καθ᾽ ἑαυτὸν ἀποτριψαμένου35 τὴν πεῖραν,36 ὡς δὲ αὖθις37 ἐπεχείρησε38

κατειπόντος39 πρὸς τὸν πατέρα, βαρέως40 ἐνεγκὼν41 ὁ Μάρκελλος προσήγγειλε42 τῆ βουλῆ43

τὸν ἄνθρωπον.

12 3rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of ἀναγκάζω, force, compel; apply compulsion; against one’s wishes. 13 masc. gen. pl. of ἀγορανόμος = Lat. aedilis. 14 fem. acc. sing. of ἀβούλητος, involuntary; not according to one’s wish or will. 15 aor. inf. act. of εἰσφέρω, carry in into, to bring, to introduce, bring forward. 16 masc. nom. sing., boy. 17 masc. nom. sing. of ὁμώνυμος, having the same name. 18 fem. dat. sing. of part of the year, season. 19 fem. acc. sing. of ὄψις, aspect, appearance. 20 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of ἐκπρεπής, distinguished out of all, pre-eminent, remarkable. 21 Adj., neut. sing. of ἥσσων, inferior, weaker. 22 pre. act. inf. of σωφρονέω, to be sound of mind; to be temperate, moderate, show self-control. 23 perf. mid./pass. inf. of παιδεύω, bring up; train and teach, educate. 24 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of περίβλεπτος, looked at from all sides, admired of all observers 25 masc. gen. pl. of πολίτης, citizen, freeman; fellow-citizen. 26 Capitolinus. 27 Marcellus. 28 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of συνάρχω, rule jointly with; to be a colleague or partner in office. 29 Adj., masc. nom. sing., licentious, wanton, brutal; lascivious, lewd. 30 masc. nom. sing., bold, audacious, arrogant, insolent; of things, to be ventured. 31 masc. gen. pl., masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἔρος, love, desire. 32 masc. acc. pl. of λόγος. 33 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of προσφέρω, bring to; attack. assault. 34 masc. gen. sing. of παῖς. 35 masc. gen. sing. aor. mid. part. of ἀποτρίβω, wear out; rub off, brush away. 36 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of πειράω, attempt, endeavour, try. 37 Adv., indecl., back, back again; again, anew. 38 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ἐπιχειρέω, put one’s hand to; a work, set to work at, attempt, endeavor. 39 masc. gen. sing. aor. act. part. of κατεῖπον, speak against; declare, report. 40 Adv., βαρύς, heavy in weight; of persons severe, stearn. 41 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of φέρω, bear or carry; bring, produce, cause. 42 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of προσαγγέλλω, announce, bring tidings; denounce. 43 fem. dat. sing. of βουλή, Council of elders, Senate.

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[2.3] But he44 was forced to introduce justice to the Aedileship against their wishes. For

there was, of the same name, a boy of his, in the blossom of youth, remarkable to look at,

not weak; being of sound mind and well eduacated, was admired by all; a fellow citizen,

a collegue of Marcellus, Capitolinus, an arrogant and licentious man, brought words of

love. The first thing the boy ddid was try to brush the man off, but he tried again, and

was thus reported to his father who brought dreadful news against the man to the

Senate.

[4] Ὁ δὲ πολλὰς 45 μὲν ἀποδράσεις 46 καὶπαραγραφὰς 47 ἐμηχαντο, 48 τοὺς δημάρχους 49

ἐπικαλούμενος,50 ἐκείνων51 δὲ μὴ προσδεχομένων52 τὴν ἐπίκλησιν53 ἀρνήσει54 τὴν αἰτίαν55

ἔφευγε, 56 καὶ μάρτυρος 57 οὐδενὸς 58 τὦν λόγων γεγονότος 59 ἔδοξε 60 μεταπέμπεσθαι 61 τὸν

παῖδα τῆ βουλῆ, παραγενομένου 62 δ᾽ἰδόντες 63 ἐρύθημα 64 καὶ δάκρυον65 καὶ μεμιγμένον 66

44 I.e., Marcellus. 45 Adj., fem. acc. pl. of πολύς, many; very much, too much. 46 fem. acc. pl. of ἀπόδρασις, running away, escape; escape from, avoidance of, evasion. 47 fem. acc. pl. of παραγραφή, anything written beside, marginal note; exception taken by the defendant to the admissibility of a

suit, special plea, demurrer. 48 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of μηχανάομαι, make by art, construct, build; contrive, devise; form designs or plots. 49 masc. acc. pl. of δήμαρχος, a governor of the people; at Rome, a tribune of the plebs. 50 masc. nom. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of ἐπικαλέω, call before oneself, summon. 51 Adj., masc. gen. pl. of ἐκεῖνος, the person there, that person. 52 masc. gen. pl. pres. mid./pass. part. of προσδέχομαι, receive favourably, accept; admit, take a liability upon oneself, guarantee. 53 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἐπικλάω, move to pity, shake the resolution of. 54 fem. dat. sing. or fem. nom/acc. dul of ἄρνησις, denial 55 fem. acc. sing. of αἰτία, responsibility. 56 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of φεύγω, flee, take flight. 57 masc. nom./gen. sing. of μάρτυρος, witness. 58 Adj., gen. sing. of οὐδείς, not one. 59 masc./neut. gen. sing. perf. act. part. of γίγνομαι. 60 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of δοκέω, expect; have or form an opinion; seem. 61 pres. mid.pass. inf. of μεταπέμπω, send after or for. 62 masc./neut. gen. sing. aor. mid. part. of παραγίγνομαι

to be beside, by; come to one’s side, stand by; attend. 63 masc. nom. pl. aor. act. part. of εἶδον, to see. 64 neut. sing. of ἐρύθημα, redness or flush upon the skin, blush. 65 neut. sing. pres. act. part. of δακρύω, weep, shed tears. 66 neut. sing. perf. mid.pass. part. of μίγνυμι, to mix, mix up, mingle, properly of liquids

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ἀπαύστῳ 67 τ θυμουμένῳ 68 τὸ αἰδούμενον, 69 οὐδενὸς ἄλλου δεηθέντες 70 τεκμηρίου 71

κατεψηφίσαντο72 καὶ χρήμασιν73 ἐζημίωσαν74 Καπετωλῖνον, ἐξ Ὠν ὁ Μάρκελλος ἀργυρ75

λοιβεῖα76 ποιησάμενος77 τοῖς θεοῖς καθιέρωσεν.78 (Marcellus: 2.3-4)79

[2.4] But he took many evasive measures, summoning the Tribunes of the Plebes

himself, but was not able to move their resolve and avoid responsibility; but since there

was not one witness to the crimes brought forth, came to the conclusion the bou ought

to be summoned to appear before the Senate and seeing his mixed with blushes and

tears of shame were not faked, not one of them needed a more sure sign, and voted

against Capitolinus, and fined him money, out of which Marcellus made silver cups

dedicate to pouring libations to the Gods.

67 dat. sing., ‘unceasing,’ or ἄπλαστος, not capable of being moulded, unfeigned, not faked. 68 Adj., neut. dat. sing. θυμόω, make angry, provoke. 69 neut. sing. pre. mid./pass/ part. of αἰδέομαι, to be ashamed. 70 masc. nom. pl. aor. pass. part. of δέω, lack, miss, stand in need of. 71 neut. gen. sing. of τεκμήριον, sure sign. 72 3rd pl. aor. mid. ind. of καταψηφίζομαι, vote against. 73 neut. dat. pl., money. 74 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of ζημιόω, cause loss; fine. 75 adj., neut. pl. ἀργύρεος, of silver. 76 neut. pl. of λοιβεῖον, cup for pouring libations. 77 masc. nom. sing. aor. mid. part. of ποιέω, make. 78 fut. act. inf. of καθιερόω, dedicate, devote. 79 Op. Cit., Plutarch, Lives, Marcellus: 2.3-4.

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Socrates on the false Lover (Plato’s Phaedrus 237α-243ε)

*237α+ ωκράτης: ἄγετε80 δή, ὧ Μοῦσαι,81 εἴτε82 δι᾽83 Ὡδς84 εἶδος85 λίγειαι,86 εἴτε διὰ87 γένος88

μουσικὸν89 τὸ Λιγύων90 ταύτην91 ἔσχετ᾽92 ἐπωνυμίασ,93 ‘ξύμ94 μοι λάβεσθε’95 τοῦ μύθου,96 ὅν97

με ἀναγκάζει 98 ὁ βέλτιστος99 οὑτοσὶ 100 λέγειν, 101 ἵν᾽ 102 ὁ ἑταῖρος103 αὐτοῦ, καὶ πρότερον 104

*237β+ δοκὦν105 τούτῳ σοφὸς106 εἶναι, νῦν107 ἔτι108 μλλον109 δόξῃ.110

80 Adv., ἄγε, imper. of ἄγω come! 81 fem. voc. pl. of Μοῦσα, music, song; Muse. 82 Adv., εἴτε, sive..sive.., either..or.., whether..or. 83 masc. voc. sing. of Δῖος, god 84 fem. gen. sing. of ἀοιδή, song. 85 neut. sing. of εἶδος, that which is seen: form, shape; neut. sing. perf. act. part. of οἶδα, to know. 86 Adj., fem. dat. sing., fem. nom. pl., fem. voc. pl of λιγύς, clear, shrill; of a clear, sweet sound. 87 Prep., through, thanks to, by aid of. 88 neut. sing. of γένος, race, stock, kin; offspring; age, generation. 89 Adj., neut. sing. of μουσικός, musical. 90 Ligyans. 91 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of οὗτος, this. 92 2nd pl. aor. act. ind. or 3rd pl. of ἔχω, bear, carry, bring 93 Adj., fem. acc. sing., masc./fem. gen. pl. of ἐπωνύμιος, called after or by the name of; or fem. acc. sing., fem. gen. pl. of ἐπωνυμία,

derived; or significant name, namesake, name, title. 94 Prep., σύν, with, together with; moreover, further. ν before μ becomes μ (Op Cit., Smyth: 94). 95 2nd pl. aor. mid. imper. λαμβάνω, take, take hold of, grasp, seize; apprehend by the senses; apprehend with the mind,

understand; undertake. 96 masc. gen. sing. of μῦθος, word, speech; story, tale, narrative. 97 Pron., masc. neut., ὅς, his, her, it. 98 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of ἀναγκάζω, force, compel. 99 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of βέλτιστος, best, most excellent. 100 Adj., masc. nom. sing. of οὗτος, this. 101 pres. act. inf. of λέγω. 102 Conj., Adv., ἵνα, there. 103 masc. nom. sing., comrade, companion. 104 Adj., comp., neut. sing. of πρότερος, before, in front; foremost; former, earlier. 105 fem. gen. pl. of δοκή, vision, fancy; masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of δοκέω, expect; think, suppose, imagine; to be cons idered;

seem, pretend. 106 Adj., masc. nom. sing., wise. 107 Adv., now. 108 Adv., yet, still. 109 Adv., comp. of μάλα, very, exceedingly. 110 fem. dat. sing. of δόξα, expectation; notion, opinion, judgement; mere opinion, conjecture.

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*237α+ Come now all ye Muses

either with the sweet sound of song

or known through the musical Ligyan race who bear this name

take me together with this tale

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Ἦν 111 οὕτω 112 δὴ παῖς, 113 μλλον 114 δὲ μειρακίσκος, 115 μάλα καλός: τούτῳ δὲ ἦσαν 116

ἐρασταὶ117 πάνυ118 πολλοί.119 Εἷς120 δέ τις αὐτὦν αἱμύλος121 ἦν, ὃς οὐδενὸς122 ἧττον123 ἐρὦν124

ἐπεπείκει125 τὸν παῖδα ὡς οὐκ ἐρῴη.126 Καί ποτε127 αὐτὸν αἰτὦν128 ἔπειθεν129 τοῦτ᾽ αὐτό, ὡς

μὴ ἐρὦντι130 πρὸ131 τοῦ ἐρὦντος132 δέοι133 χαρίζεσθαι,134 ἔλεγέν135 τε Ὠδε136—περὶ137 παντός,138

ὧ παῖ,139 μία140 ἀρχὴ141 τοῖς μέλλουσι142 καλὦς143 *237ξ+ βουλεύσεσθαι:144 εἰδέναι145 δεῖ146 περὶ

οὗ ἅν ᾖ147 ἡ βουλή, ἥ148 παντὸς ἁμαρτάνειν149 ἀνάγκη.150

111 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί 112 Adv., in this way; beginning a story, there were once on a time. 113 masc. nom. sing. child. 114 Adv., very. 115 masc. nom. sing., lad, stripling; μεῖραξ = young girl, lass. 116 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί. 117 masc. nom. pl., masc. dat. sing. of ἐραστής, lover. 118 Adv., altogether. 119 Adj., masc. nom. pl. of πολύς, many. 120 one, a certain. 121 masc. nom. sing., αἱμύλος, wheedling, wily 122 Adj., indecl. gen. sing. of οὐδείς, not one. 123 neut. sing. of ἥσσων, inferior, weaker. 124 masc. gen. pl. of ἔρος, love, desire or masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἐράω, love. 125 3rd sing. pluperf. act. ind. of πείθω, persuade. 126 3rd sing. pres. act. opt. of ἐράω. 127 Particl., enclit., at some time, once, some day. 128 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of αἰτέω, ask, beg. 129 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of πείθω. 130 3rd pl. pres. act. ind., masc. neut. dat. sing. pres. act. part. of ἐράω, love; 3rd pl. pres. act. subj. of ἐρέω; ask, inquire; will say. 131 Prep., before, in fornt of, forth; further; rather than; 132 masc./neut. gen. sing. pres. act. part. of ἐράω. 133 3rd sing. pres./fut. act. opt. of δέω, lack, miss, stand in need of; tie, bind. 134 pres. mid./pass. inf. of χαρίζομαι or χαρίζω, to say. 135 3rd sing. impef. act. ind. of λέγω. 136 Adv., in this wise, thus. 137 Perp., round about, all round; about, near; before, above, beyond. 138 Adj., masc./neut. gen. sing. of πς, all. 139 masc. voc. sing. of παῖς. 140 Adj.,, fem. nom. sing. of εἷς. 141 fem. nom. singn., beginning, origin. 142 fem. dat. pl. of μέλλησις, being about to do, threatening to do; masc./neut. dat. pl. pres. act. part. of μέλλω, to be destin ed; likely. 143 Adv., καλός, beautiful, beauteous, fair; Doric, Adj. masc. acc. pl. 144 fut. mid. inf. of βουλεύω, take counsel, deliberate; determine or resolve after deliberation. 145 perf. inf. act. of οἶδα, know.

146 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of δέω. 147 3rd sing. pres. act. subj. of εἰμί. 148 Conj., or. 149 pres. act. inf. of ἁμαρτάνω, fail of one's purpose, go wrong.

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150 fem. nom. sing., force, constraint, necessity; violence, punishment; duress; bodily pain, anguish.

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Σοὺς δὲ πολλοὺς λέληθεν ὅτι οὐκ ἴσασι τὴν οὐσίαν ἑκάστου. Ὡς οὖν εἰδότες οὐ

διομολογοῦνται ἐν ἀρχῆ τς σκέψεως, προελθόντες δὲ τὸ εἰκὸς ἀποδιδόασιν: οὔτε γὰρ

ἑαυτοῖς οὔτε ἀλλήλοις ὁμολογοῦσιν. ἐγὼ οὖν καὶ σὺ μὴ πάθωμεν ὃ ἄλλοις ἐπιτιμὦμεν,

ἀλλ᾽ ἐπειδὴ σοὶ καὶ ἐμοὶ ὁ λόγος πρόκειται πότερα ἐρὦντι ἥ μὴ μλλον εἰς φιλίαν ἰτέον,

περὶ ἔρωτος οἷόν τ᾽ ἔστι καὶ ἣν ἔχει δύναμιν, *237δ+ ὁμολογίᾳ θέμενοι ὅρον, εἰς τοῦτο

ἀποβλέποντες καὶ ἀναφέροντες τὴν σκέψιν ποιώμεθα εἴτε ὠφελίαν εἴτε βλάβην παρέχει.

Ὅτι μὲν οὖν δὴ ἐπιθυμία τις ὁ ἔρως, ἅπαντι δλον: ὅτι δ᾽ αὖ καὶ μὴ ἐρὦντες ἐπιθυμοῦσι τὦν

καλὦν, ἴσμεν.

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Σ δὴ τὸν ἐρὦντά τε καὶ μὴ κρινοῦμεν; δεῖ αὖ νοσαι ὅτι ἡμὦν ἐν ἑκάστῳ δύο τινέ ἐστον

ἰδέα ἄρχοντε καὶ ἄγοντε, οἷν ἑπόμεθα ᾗ ἅν ἄγητον, ἡ μὲν ἔμφυτος οὖσα ἐπιθυμία ἡδονὦν,

ἄλλη δὲ ἐπίκτητος δόξα, ἐφιεμένη τοῦ ἀρίστου. Σούτω δὲ ἐν ἡμῖν τοτὲ μὲν ὁμονοεῖτον, *237ε+

ἔστι δὲ ὅτε στασιάζετον: καὶ τοτὲ μὲν ἡ ἑτέρα, ἄλλοτε δὲ ἡ ἑτέρα κρατεῖ. Δόξης μὲν οὖν ἐπὶ

τὸ ἄριστον λόγῳ ἀγούσης καὶ κρατούσης τ κράτει σωφροσύνη ὄνομα: *238α+ ἐπιθυμίας δὲ

ἀλόγως ἑλκούσης ἐπὶ ἡδονὰς καὶ ἀρξάσης ἐν ἡμῖν τῆ ἀρχῆ ὕβρις ἐπωνομάσθη.

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Ὕβρις δὲ δὴ πολυώνυμον —πολυμελὲς γὰρ καὶ πολυμερές—καὶ τούτων τὦν ἰδεὦν

ἐκπρεπὴς ἣ ἅν τύχῃ γενομένη, τὴν αὑτς ἐπωνυμίαν ὀνομαζόμενον τὸν ἔχοντα παρέχεται,

οὔτε τινὰ καλὴν οὔτ᾽ ἐπαξίαν κεκτσθαι. Περὶ μὲν γὰρ ἐδωδὴν κρατοῦσα τοῦ λόγου τε τοῦ

ἀρίστου καὶ τὦν ἄλλων ἐπιθυμιὦν ἐπιθυμία *238β+ γαστριμαργία τε καὶ τὸν ἔχοντα ταὐτὸν

τοῦτο κεκλημένον παρέξεται: περὶ δ᾽ αὖ μέθας τυραννεύσασα, τὸν κεκτημένον ταύτῃ

ἄγουσα, δλον οὗ τεύξεται προσρήματος: καὶ τἆλλα δὴ τὰ τούτων ἀδελφὰ καὶ ἀδελφὦν

ἐπιθυμιὦν ὀνόματα τς ἀεὶ δυναστευούσης ᾗ προσήκει καλεῖσθαι πρόδηλον.

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Ἧς δ᾽ ἕνεκα πάντα τὰ πρόσθεν εἴρηται, σχεδὸν μὲν ἤδη φανερόν, λεχθὲν δὲ ἥ μὴ λεχθὲν

πάντως σαφέστερον: ἡ γὰρ ἄνευ λόγου δόξης ἐπὶ τὸ ὀρθὸν ὁρμώσης κρατήσασα ἐπιθυμία

*238ξ+ πρὸς ἡδονὴν ἀχθεῖσα κάλλους, καὶ ὑπὸ αὖ τὦν ἑαυτς συγγενὦν ἐπιθυμιὦν ἐπὶ

σωμάτων κάλλος ἐρρωμένως ωσθεῖσα νικήσασα ἀγωγῆ, ἀπ᾽ αὐτς τς ώμης ἐπωνυμίαν

λαβοῦσα, ἔρως ἐκλήθη. Ἀτάρ, ὧ φίλε Φαῖδρε, δοκὦ τι σοί, ὥσπερ ἐμαυτ, θεῖον πάθος

πεπονθέναι;

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Φαῖδρος: πάνυ μὲν οὖν, ὧ ώκρατες, παρὰ τὸ εἰωθὸς εὔροιά τίς σε εἴληφεν.

ωκράτης: σιγῆ τοίνυν μου ἄκουε. Σ ὄντι γὰρ θεῖος ἔοικεν *238δ+ ὁ τόπος εἶναι, ὥστε ἐὰν

ἄρα πολλάκις νυμφόληπτος προϊόντος τοῦ λόγου γένωμαι, μὴ θαυμάσῃς: τὰ νῦν γὰρ

οὐκέτι πόρρω διθυράμβων φθέγγομαι.

Φαῖδρος: ἀληθέστατα λέγεις.

ωκράτης: τούτων μέντοι σὺ αἴτιος. Ἀλλὰ τὰ λοιπὰ ἄκουε: ἴσως γὰρ κἅν ἀποτράποιτο τὸ

ἐπιόν. ταῦτα μὲν οὖν θε μελήσει, ἡμῖν δὲ πρὸς τὸν παῖδα πάλιν τ λόγῳ ἰτέον. Εἶεν, ὧ

φέριστε: ὃ μὲν δὴ τυγχάνει ὅν περὶ οὗ βουλευτέον, εἴρηταί τε καὶ ὥρισται, βλέποντες δὲ δὴ

πρὸς αὐτὸ *238ε+ τὰ λοιπὰ λέγωμεν τίς ὠφελία ἥ βλάβη ἀπό τε ἐρὦντος καὶ μὴ τ

χαριζομένῳ ἐξ εἰκότος συμβήσεται. Σ δὴ ὑπὸ ἐπιθυμίας ἀρχομένῳ δουλεύοντί τε ἡδονῆ

ἀνάγκη που τὸν ἐρώμενον ὡς ἥδιστον ἑαυτ παρασκευάζειν: νοσοῦντι δὲ πν ἡδὺ τὸ μὴ

ἀντιτεῖνον, κρεῖττον δὲ καὶ ἴσον ἐχθρόν. *239α+ οὔτε δὴ κρείττω οὔτε ἰσούμενον ἑκὼν

ἐραστὴς παιδικὰ ἀνέξεται, ἥττω δὲ καὶ ὑποδεέστερον ἀεὶ ἀπεργάζεται: ἥττων δὲ ἀμαθὴς

σοφοῦ, δειλὸς ἀνδρείου, ἀδύνατος εἰπεῖν ητορικοῦ, βραδὺς ἀγχίνου. Σοσούτων κακὦν καὶ

ἔτι πλειόνων κατὰ τὴν διάνοιαν ἐραστὴν ἐρωμένῳ ἀνάγκη γιγνομένων τε καὶ φύσει

ἐνόντων τὦν μὲν ἥδεσθαι, τὰ δὲ παρασκευάζειν, ἥ στέρεσθαι τοῦ παραυτίκα ἡδέος.

Φθονερὸν δὴ ἀνάγκη *239β+ εἶναι, καὶ πολλὦν μὲν ἄλλων συνουσιὦν ἀπείργοντα καὶ

ὠφελίμων ὅθεν ἅν μάλιστ᾽ ἀνὴρ γίγνοιτο, μεγάλης αἴτιον εἶναι βλάβης, μεγίστης δὲ τς

ὅθεν ἅν φρονιμώτατος εἴη. τοῦτο δὲ ἡ θεία φιλοσοφία τυγχάνει ὄν, ἧς ἐραστὴν παιδικὰ

ἀνάγκη πόρρωθεν εἴργειν, περίφοβον ὄντα τοῦ καταφρονηθναι: τά τε ἄλλα μηχανσθαι

ὅπως ἅν ᾖ πάντα ἀγνοὦν καὶ πάντα ἀποβλέπων εἰς τὸν ἐραστήν, οἷος ὥν τ μὲν ἥδιστος,

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ἑαυτ δὲ βλαβερώτατος ἅν εἴη. τὰ μὲν οὖν κατὰ *239ξ+ διάνοιαν ἐπίτροπός τε καὶ κοινωνὸς

οὐδαμῆ λυσιτελὴς ἀνὴρ ἔχων ἔρωτα. τὴν δὲ τοῦ σώματος ἕξιν τε καὶ θεραπείαν οἵαν τε καὶ

ὡς θεραπεύσει οὗ ἅν γένηται κύριος, ὃς ἡδὺ πρὸ ἀγαθοῦ ἠνάγκασται διώκειν, δεῖ μετὰ

ταῦτα ἰδεῖν. ὀφθήσεται δὴ μαλθακόν τινα καὶ οὐ στερεὸν διώκων, οὐδ᾽ ἐν ἡλίῳ καθαρ

τεθραμμένον ἀλλὰ ὑπὸ συμμιγεῖ σκιᾶ, πόνων μὲν ἀνδρείων καὶ ἱδρώτων ξηρὦν ἄπειρον,

ἔμπειρον δὲ ἁπαλς καὶ ἀνάνδρου *239δ+ διαίτης, ἀλλοτρίοις χρώμασι καὶ κόσμοις χήτει

οἰκείων κοσμούμενον, ὅσα τε ἄλλα τούτοις ἕπεται πάντα ἐπιτηδεύοντα, ἃ δλα καὶ οὐκ

ἄξιον περαιτέρω προβαίνειν, ἀλλὰ ἓν κεφάλαιον ὁρισαμένους ἐπ᾽ ἄλλο ἰέναι: τὸ γὰρ

τοιοῦτον σὦμα ἐν πολέμῳ τε καὶ ἄλλαις χρείαις ὅσαι μεγάλαι οἱ μὲν ἐχθροὶ θαρροῦσιν, οἱ

δὲ φίλοι καὶ αὐτοὶ οἱ ἐρασταὶ φοβοῦνται. τοῦτο μὲν οὖν ὡς δλον ἐατέον, τὸ δ᾽ ἐφεξς

ητέον, *239ε+ τίνα ἡμῖν ὠφελίαν ἥ τίνα βλάβην περὶ τὴν κτσιν ἡ τοῦ ἐρὦντος ὁμιλία τε

καὶ ἐπιτροπεία παρέξεται. σαφὲς δὴ τοῦτό γε παντὶ μέν, μάλιστα δὲ τ ἐραστῆ, ὅτι τὦν

φιλτάτων τε καὶ εὐνουστάτων καὶ θειοτάτων κτημάτων ὀρφανὸν πρὸ παντὸς εὔξαιτ᾽ ἅν

εἶναι τὸν ἐρώμενον: πατρὸς γὰρ καὶ μητρὸς καὶ συγγενὦν καὶ φίλων στέρεσθαι ἅν αὐτὸν

δέξαιτο, *240α+ διακωλυτὰς καὶ ἐπιτιμητὰς ἡγούμενος τς ἡδίστης πρὸς αὐτὸν ὁμιλίας.

ἀλλὰ μὴν οὐσίαν γ᾽ ἔχοντα χρυσοῦ ἤ τινος ἄλλης κτήσεως οὔτε εὐάλωτον ὁμοίως οὔτε

ἁλόντα εὐμεταχείριστον ἡγήσεται: ἐξ Ὠν πσα ἀνάγκη ἐραστὴν παιδικοῖς φθονεῖν μὲν

οὐσίαν κεκτημένοις, ἀπολλυμένης δὲ χαίρειν. ἔτι τοίνυν ἄγαμον, ἄπαιδα, ἄοικον ὅτι

πλεῖστον χρόνον παιδικὰ ἐραστὴς εὔξαιτ᾽ ἅν γενέσθαι, τὸ αὑτοῦ γλυκὺ ὡς πλεῖστον

χρόνον καρποῦσθαι ἐπιθυμὦν. ἔστι μὲν δὴ καὶ ἄλλα κακά, ἀλλά τις δαίμων ἔμειξε τοῖς

*240β+ πλείστοις ἐν τ παραυτίκα ἡδονήν, οἷον κόλακι, δειν θηρίῳ καὶ βλάβῃ μεγάλῃ,

ὅμως ἐπέμειξεν ἡ φύσις ἡδονήν τινα οὐκ ἄμουσον, καί τις ἑταίραν ὡς βλαβερὸν ψέξειεν ἄν,

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καὶ ἄλλα πολλὰ τὦν τοιουτοτρόπων θρεμμάτων τε καὶ ἐπιτηδευμάτων, οἷς τό γε καθ᾽

ἡμέραν ἡδίστοισιν εἶναι ὑπάρχει: παιδικοῖς δὲ ἐραστὴς πρὸς τ βλαβερ καὶ εἰς τὸ

συνημερεύειν πάντων *240ξ+ ἀηδέστατον. ἥλικα γὰρ δὴ καὶ ὁ παλαιὸς λόγος τέρπειν τὸν

ἥλικα—ἡ γὰρ οἶμαι χρόνου ἰσότης ἐπ᾽ ἴσας ἡδονὰς ἄγουσα δι᾽ ὁμοιότητα φιλίαν

παρέχεται—ἀλλ᾽ ὅμως κόρον γε καὶ ἡ τούτων συνουσία ἔχει. καὶ μὴν τό γε ἀναγκαῖον αὖ

βαρὺ παντὶ περὶ πν λέγεται: ὃ δὴ πρὸς τῆ ἀνομοιότητι μάλιστα ἐραστὴς πρὸς παιδικὰ ἔχει.

νεωτέρῳ γὰρ πρεσβύτερος συνὼν οὔθ᾽ ἡμέρας οὔτε νυκτὸς ἑκὼν ἀπολείπεται, ἀλλ᾽ ὑπ᾽

*240δ+ ἀνάγκης τε καὶ οἴστρου ἐλαύνεται, ὃς ἐκείνῳ μὲν ἡδονὰς ἀεὶ διδοὺς ἄγει, ὁρὦντι,

ἀκούοντι, ἁπτομένῳ, καὶ πσαν αἴσθησιν αἰσθανομένῳ τοῦ ἐρωμένου, ὥστε μεθ᾽ ἡδονς

ἀραρότως αὐτ ὑπηρετεῖν: τ δὲ δὴ ἐρωμένῳ ποῖον παραμύθιον ἥ τίνας ἡδονὰς διδοὺς

ποιήσει τὸν ἴσον χρόνον συνόντα μὴ οὐχὶ ἐπ᾽ ἔσχατον ἐλθεῖν ἀηδίας—ὁρὦντι μὲν ὄψιν

πρεσβυτέραν καὶ οὐκ ἐν ὥρᾳ, ἑπομένων δὲ τὦν ἄλλων ταύτῃ, ἃ καὶ λόγῳ*240ε+ἐστὶν

ἀκούειν οὐκ ἐπιτερπές, μὴ ὅτι δὴ ἔργῳ ἀνάγκης ἀεὶ προσκειμένης μεταχειρίζεσθαι,

φυλακάς τε δὴ καχυποτόπους φυλαττομένῳ διὰ παντὸς καὶ πρὸς ἅπαντας, ἀκαίρους τε

ἐπαίνους καὶ ὑπερβάλλοντας ἀκούοντι, ὡς δ᾽ αὕτως ψόγους νήφοντος μὲν οὐκ ἀνεκτούς,

εἰς δὲ μέθην ἰόντος πρὸς τ μὴ ἀνεκτ ἐπαισχεῖς, παρρησίᾳ κατακορεῖ καὶ ἀναπεπταμένῃ

χρωμένου; καὶ ἐρὦν μὲν βλαβερός τε καὶ ἀηδής, λήξας δὲ τοῦ ἔρωτος εἰς τὸν ἔπειτα χρόνον

ἄπιστος, εἰς ὃν πολλὰ καὶ μετὰ πολλὦν ὅρκων τε καὶ δεήσεων ὑπισχνούμενος μόγις *241α+

κατεῖχε τήν γ᾽ ἐν τ τότε συνουσίαν ἐπίπονον οὖσαν φέρειν δι᾽ ἐλπίδα ἀγαθὦν. τότε δὴ

δέον ἐκτίνειν, μεταβαλὼν ἄλλον ἄρχοντα ἐν αὑτ καὶ προστάτην, νοῦν καὶ σωφροσύνην

ἀντ᾽ ἔρωτος καὶ μανίας, ἄλλος γεγονὼς λέληθεν τὰ παιδικά. καὶ ὁ μὲν αὐτὸν χάριν ἀπαιτεῖ

τὦν τότε, ὑπομιμνῄσκων τὰ πραχθέντα καὶ λεχθέντα, ὡς τ αὐτ διαλεγόμενος: ὁ δὲ ὑπ᾽

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αἰσχύνης οὔτε εἰπεῖν τολμᾶ ὅτι ἄλλος γέγονεν, οὔθ᾽ ὅπως τὰ τς προτέρας ἀνοήτου ἀρχς

ὁρκωμόσιά τε καὶ ὑποσχέσεις *241β+ ἐμπεδώσῃ ἔχει, νοῦν ἤδη ἐσχηκὼς καὶ σεσωφρονηκώς,

ἵνα μὴ πράττων ταὐτὰ τ πρόσθεν ὅμοιός τε ἐκείνῳ καὶ ὁ αὐτὸς πάλιν γένηται. φυγὰς δὴ

γίγνεται ἐκ τούτων, καὶ ἀπεστερηκὼς ὑπ᾽ ἀνάγκης ὁ πρὶν ἐραστής, ὀστράκου

μεταπεσόντος, ἵεται φυγῆ μεταβαλών: ὁ δὲ ἀναγκάζεται διώκειν ἀγανακτὦν καὶ

ἐπιθεάζων, ἠγνοηκὼς τὸ ἅπαν ἐξ ἀρχς, ὅτι οὐκ ἄρα ἔδει ποτὲ ἐρὦντι καὶ ὑπ᾽ ἀνάγκης

ἀνοήτῳ χαρίζεσθαι, *241ξ+ ἀλλὰ πολὺ μλλον μὴ ἐρὦντι καὶ νοῦν ἔχοντι: εἰ δὲ μή,

ἀναγκαῖον εἴη ἐνδοῦναι αὑτὸν ἀπίστῳ, δυσκόλῳ, φθονερ, ἀηδεῖ, βλαβερ μὲν πρὸς

οὐσίαν, βλαβερ δὲ πρὸς τὴν τοῦ σώματος ἕξιν, πολὺ δὲ βλαβερωτάτῳ πρὸς τὴν τς ψυχς

παίδευσιν, ἧς οὔτε ἀνθρώποις οὔτε θεοῖς τῆ ἀληθείᾳ τιμιώτερον οὔτε ἔστιν οὔτε ποτὲ ἔσται.

ταῦτά τε οὖν χρή, ὧ παῖ, συννοεῖν, καὶ εἰδέναι τὴν ἐραστοῦ φιλίαν ὅτι οὐ μετ᾽ εὐνοίας

γίγνεται, ἀλλὰ σιτίου τρόπον, χάριν πλησμονς, *241δ+ ὡς λύκοι ἄρνας ἀγαπὦσιν, ὣς

παῖδα φιλοῦσιν ἐρασταί. τοῦτ᾽ ἐκεῖνο, ὧ Φαῖδρε. οὐκέτ᾽ ἅν τὸ πέρα ἀκούσαις ἐμοῦ

λέγοντος, ἀλλ᾽ ἤδη σοι τέλος ἐχέτω ὁ λόγος.

Φαῖδρος: καίτοι ᾤμην γε μεσοῦν αὐτόν, καὶ ἐρεῖν τὰ ἴσα περὶ τοῦ μὴ ἐρὦντος, ὡς δεῖ

ἐκείνῳ χαρίζεσθαι μλλον, λέγων ὅσα αὖ ἔχει ἀγαθά: νῦν δὲ δή, ὧ ώκρατες, τί ἀποπαύῃ;

*241ε+ ωκράτης: οὐκ ᾔσθου, ὧ μακάριε, ὅτι ἤδη ἔπη φθέγγομαι ἀλλ᾽ οὐκέτι διθυράμβους,

καὶ ταῦτα ψέγων; ἐὰν δ᾽ ἐπαινεῖν τὸν ἕτερον ἄρξωμαι, τί με οἴει ποιήσειν; ἆρ᾽ οἶσθ᾽ ὅτι ὑπὸ

τὦν Νυμφὦν, αἷς με σὺ προύβαλες ἐκ προνοίας, σαφὦς ἐνθουσιάσω; λέγω οὖν ἑνὶ λόγῳ ὅτι

ὅσα τὸν ἕτερον λελοιδορήκαμεν, τ ἑτέρῳ τἀναντία τούτων ἀγαθὰ πρόσεστιν. καὶ τί δεῖ

μακροῦ λόγου; περὶ γὰρ ἀμφοῖν ἱκανὦς εἴρηται. καὶ οὕτω δὴ ὁ μῦθος ὅτι πάσχειν προσήκει

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αὐτ, τοῦτο *242α+ πείσεται: κἀγὼ τὸν ποταμὸν τοῦτον διαβὰς ἀπέρχομαι πρὶν ὑπὸ σοῦ τι

μεῖζον ἀναγκασθναι.

Φαῖδρος: μήπω γε, ὧ ώκρατες, πρὶν ἅν τὸ καῦμα παρέλθῃ. ἥ οὐχ ὁρᾶς ὡς σχεδὸν ἤδη

μεσημβρία ἵσταται ἡ δὴ καλουμένη σταθερά; ἀλλὰ περιμείναντες καὶ ἅμα περὶ τὦν

εἰρημένων διαλεχθέντες, τάχα ἐπειδὰν ἀποψυχῆ ἴμεν.

ωκράτης: θεῖός γ᾽ εἶ περὶ τοὺς λόγους, ὧ Φαῖδρε, καὶ ἀτεχνὦς θαυμάσιος. οἶμαι γὰρ ἐγὼ

τὦν ἐπὶ τοῦ σοῦ βίου γεγονότων *242β+ λόγων μηδένα πλείους ἥ σὲ πεποιηκέναι

γεγενσθαι ἤτοι αὐτὸν λέγοντα ἥ ἄλλους ἑνί γέ τῳ τρόπῳ προσαναγκάζοντα —ιμμίαν

Θηβαῖον ἐξαιρὦ λόγου: τὦν δὲ ἄλλων πάμπολυ κρατεῖς—καὶ νῦν αὖ δοκεῖς αἴτιός μοι

γεγενσθαι λόγῳ τινὶ ηθναι.

Φαῖδρος: οὐ πόλεμόν γε ἀγγέλλεις. ἀλλὰ πὦς δὴ καὶ τίνι τούτῳ;

ωκράτης: ἡνίκ᾽ ἔμελλον, ὠγαθέ, τὸν ποταμὸν διαβαίνειν, τὸ δαιμόνιόν τε καὶ τὸ εἰωθὸς

σημεῖόν μοι γίγνεσθαι ἐγένετο *242ξ+—ἀεὶ δέ με ἐπίσχει ὃ ἅν μέλλω πράττειν—καί τινα

φωνὴν ἔδοξα αὐτόθεν ἀκοῦσαι, ἥ με οὐκ ἐᾶ ἀπιέναι πρὶν ἅν ἀφοσιώσωμαι, ὡς δή τι

ἡμαρτηκότα εἰς τὸ θεῖον. εἰμὶ δὴ οὖν μάντις μέν, οὐ πάνυ δὲ σπουδαῖος, ἀλλ᾽ ὥσπερ οἱ τὰ

γράμματα φαῦλοι, ὅσον μὲν ἐμαυτ μόνον ἱκανός: σαφὦς οὖν ἤδη μανθάνω τὸ ἁμάρτημα.

ὡς δή τοι, ὧ ἑταῖρε, μαντικόν γέ τι καὶ ἡ ψυχή: ἐμὲ γὰρ ἔθραξε μέν τι καὶ πάλαι λέγοντα

τὸν λόγον, καί πως ἐδυσωπούμην κατ᾽ Ἴβυκον, μή τι παρὰ θεοῖς *242δ+ ‚ἀμβλακὼν τιμὰν

πρὸς ἀνθρώπων ἀμείψω:‛ (Ibycus Frag. 24, Bergk) νῦν δ᾽ ᾔσθημαι τὸ ἁμάρτημα.

Φαῖδρος: λέγεις δὲ δὴ τί;

P a g e | 24

ωκράτης: δεινόν, ὧ Φαῖδρε, δεινὸν λόγον αὐτός τε ἐκόμισας ἐμέ τε ἠνάγκασας εἰπεῖν.

Φαῖδρος: πὦς δή;

ωκράτης: εὐήθη καὶ ὑπό τι ἀσεβ: οὗ τίς ἅν εἴη δεινότερος;

Φαῖδρος: οὐδείς, εἴ γε σὺ ἀληθ λέγεις.

ωκράτης: τί οὖν; τὸν ἔρωτα οὐκ Ἀφροδίτης καὶ θεόν τινα ἡγῆ;

Φαῖδρος: λέγεταί γε δή.

ωκράτης: οὔ τι ὑπό γε Λυσίου, οὐδὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ σοῦ λόγου, ὃς *242ε+ διὰ τοῦ ἐμοῦ στόματος

καταφαρμακευθέντος ὑπὸ σοῦ ἐλέχθη. εἰ δ᾽ ἔστιν, ὥσπερ οὖν ἔστι, θεὸς ἤ τι θεῖον ὁ Ἔρως,

οὐδὲν ἅν κακὸν εἴη, τὼ δὲ λόγω τὼ νυνδὴ περὶ αὐτοῦ εἰπέτην ὡς τοιούτου ὄντος: ταύτῃ τε

οὖν ἡμαρτανέτην περὶ τὸν ἔρωτα, ἔτι τε ἡ εὐήθεια αὐτοῖν πάνυ ἀστεία, τὸ μηδὲν ὑγιὲς

λέγοντε *243α+ μηδὲ ἀληθὲς σεμνύνεσθαι ὡς τὶ ὄντε, εἰ ἄρα ἀνθρωπίσκους τινὰς

ἐξαπατήσαντε εὐδοκιμήσετον ἐν αὐτοῖς. ἐμοὶ μὲν οὖν, ὧ φίλε, καθήρασθαι ἀνάγκη: ἔστιν

δὲ τοῖς ἁμαρτάνουσι περὶ μυθολογίαν καθαρμὸς ἀρχαῖος, ὃν Ὅμηρος μὲν οὐκ ᾔσθετο,

τησίχορος δέ. τὦν γὰρ ὀμμάτων στερηθεὶς διὰ τὴν Ἑλένης κακηγορίαν οὐκ ἠγνόησεν

ὥσπερ Ὅμηρος, ἀλλ᾽ ἅτε μουσικὸς ὥν ἔγνω τὴν αἰτίαν, καὶ ποιεῖ εὐθὺς—‚οὐκ ἔστ᾽ ἔτυμος

λόγος οὗτος, οὐδ᾽ ἔβας ἐν νηυσὶν εὐσέλμοις,‛ (Stesichorus Frag. 32, Bergk) *243β+ ‚οὐδ᾽ ἵκεο

Πέργαμα Σροίας: ‛καὶ ποιήσας δὴ πσαν τὴν καλουμένην Παλινῳδίαν παραχρμα

ἀνέβλεψεν. ἐγὼ οὖν σοφώτερος ἐκείνων γενήσομαι κατ᾽ αὐτό γε τοῦτο: πρὶν γάρ τι παθεῖν

διὰ τὴν τοῦ Ἔρωτος κακηγορίαν πειράσομαι αὐτ ἀποδοῦναι τὴν παλινῳδίαν, γυμνῆ τῆ

κεφαλῆ καὶ οὐχ ὥσπερ τότε ὑπ᾽ αἰσχύνης ἐγκεκαλυμμένος.

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Φαῖδρος: τουτωνί, ὧ ώκρατες, οὐκ ἔστιν ἅττ᾽ ἅν ἐμοὶ εἶπες ἡδίω.

*243ξ+ ωκράτης: καὶ γάρ, ὠγαθὲ Φαῖδρε, ἐννοεῖς ὡς ἀναιδὦς εἴρησθον τὼ λόγω, οὗτός τε

καὶ ὁ ἐκ τοῦ βιβλίου ηθείς. εἰ γὰρ ἀκούων τις τύχοι ἡμὦν γεννάδας καὶ πρᾶος τὸ ἦθος,

ἑτέρου δὲ τοιούτου ἐρὦν ἥ καὶ πρότερόν ποτε ἐρασθείς, λεγόντων ὡς διὰ σμικρὰ μεγάλας

ἔχθρας οἱ ἐρασταὶ ἀναιροῦνται καὶ ἔχουσι πρὸς τὰ παιδικὰ φθονερὦς τε καὶ βλαβερὦς, πὦς

οὐκ ἅν οἴει αὐτὸν ἡγεῖσθαι ἀκούειν ἐν ναύταις που τεθραμμένων καὶ οὐδένα ἐλεύθερον

ἔρωτα ἑωρακότων, πολλοῦ δ᾽ ἅν δεῖν *243δ+ ἡμῖν ὁμολογεῖν ἃ ψέγομεν τὸν ἔρωτα;

Φαῖδρος: ἴσως νὴ Δί᾽, ὧ ώκρατες.

ωκράτης: τοῦτόν γε τοίνυν ἔγωγε αἰσχυνόμενος, καὶ αὐτὸν τὸν ἔρωτα δεδιώς, ἐπιθυμὦ

ποτίμῳ λόγῳ οἷον ἁλμυρὰν ἀκοὴν ἀποκλύσασθαι: συμβουλεύω δὲ καὶ Λυσίᾳ ὅτι τάχιστα

γράψαι ὡς χρὴ ἐραστῆ μλλον ἥ μὴ ἐρὦντι ἐκ τὦν ὁμοίων χαρίζεσθαι.

Φαῖδρος: ἀλλ᾽ εὖ ἴσθι ὅτι ἕξει τοῦθ᾽ οὕτω: σοῦ γὰρ εἰπόντος τὸν τοῦ ἐραστοῦ ἔπαινον,

πσα ἀνάγκη Λυσίαν ὑπ᾽ ἐμοῦ *243ε+ ἀναγκασθναι γράψαι αὖ περὶ τοῦ αὐτοῦ λόγον.

ωκράτης: τοῦτο μὲν πιστεύω, ἕωσπερ ἅν ᾖς ὃς εἶ.

Φαῖδρος: λέγε τοίνυν θαρρὦν.

ωκράτης: ποῦ δή μοι ὁ παῖς πρὸς ὃν ἔλεγον; ἵνα καὶ τοῦτο ἀκούσῃ, καὶ μὴ ἀνήκοος ὥν

φθάσῃ χαρισάμενος τ μὴ ἐρὦντι.

Φαῖδρος: οὗτος παρά σοι μάλα πλησίον ἀεὶ πάρεστιν, ὅταν σὺ βούλῃ.

ωκράτης: οὑτωσὶ τοίνυν, ὧ παῖ καλέ, ἐννόησον, ὡς ὁ μὲν.

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Diogenes, Β. Κεφ. εʹ., ΩΚΡΑΣΗ

[2.18+ ωκράτης ωφρονίσκου151 μὲν ἦν υἱὸς152 λιθουργοῦ153 καὶ Φαιναρέτης154 μαίας,155 ὡς

καὶ Πλάτων ἐν Θεαιτήτῳ156 φησίν,157 Ἀθηναῖος, τὦν δήμων158 Ἀλωπεκθεν.159 Ἔδόκει160 δὲ

συμποιεῖν161 Εὐριπίδῃ: ὅθεν162 Μνησίμαχος163 οὕτω φησί, Φρύγες164 ἐστὶ καινὸν165 δρμα166

τοῦτ᾽ Εὐριπίδου,

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Diogenes, 2.5, Socrates

Socrates of the stone work188 was son of Sophroniscus,

and good mother189 Phaenarete.

And, as Plato says in Obtained from the Gods,190

An Alopece Athenian of the Demes.

And was thought to jointly compose with Euripides,

Wherefore Mnesimachus says in Phrygians

This is new drama of that Euripides

And Socrates is the kindling placed under it.

And are, furthermore, Euripidian Socratic bullets.

And Callias in Fettered:

(a) Indeed, why indeed so Ironic and with such great wisdom?

(b) Because I can blame Socrates.

Aristophanes in Clouds:

And he makes tragedies for Euripides;

This is for gossip, thus, this for the wise.

186 Adv., therefore, that is why, so then. 187 Adj. fem. gen. sing. of σοφός, wise, skilled; clever. 188 Frequently understood to mean a ‘sculptor,’ but literally ‘of the stone work.’ 189 I.e., a midwife. 190 I.e., Theaetetus.

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[19] Ἀκούσας 191 δὲ Ἀναξαγόρου κατά 192 τινας, 193 ἀλλὰ 194 καὶ Δάμωνος, 195 ὡς

Ἀλέξανδρος ἐν Διαδοχαῖς, 196 μετὰ 197 τὴν ἐκείνου 198 καταδίκην 199 διήκουσεν 200

Ἀρχελάου τοῦ φυσικοῦ:201 Ωὗ202 καὶ παιδικὰ203 γενέσθαι204 φησὶν205 Ἀριστόξενος.206

Δοῦρις207 δὲ καὶ δουλεῦσαι208 αὐτὸν καὶ ἐργάσασθαι209 λίθους:210 εἶναί τε αὐτοῦ καὶ

τὰς ἐν ἀκροπόλει211 Χάριτας212 ἔνιοί213 φασιν, ἐνδεδυμένας214 οὔσας.215 Ὅθεν216 καὶ

Σίμωνα ἐν τοῖς ίλλοις 217 εἰπεῖν: 218 ἐκ δ᾽ ἄρα 219 τὦν ἀπέκλινεν 220 ὁ λαξόος, 221

ἐννομολέσχης, 222 Ἑλλήνων ἐπαοιδός, 223 ἀκριβολόγους 224 ἀποφήνας, 225 μυκτὴρ 226

ητορόμυκτος,227 ὑπαττικὸς228 εἰρωνευτής.229

191 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of ἀκούω, hear; learn. 192 Prep. + acc. = down; opposite, over against; separately; in accordance with, in relation to, concerning. 193 Pron. masc. acc. pl. of τις, anyone, anything. 194 Adv., but, nay but, but yet, yet. 195 Damon. 196 fem. dat. pl. of διαδοχή, succession, i.e., ‘successors.’ 197 Prep. + acc. = into the middle of, coming into or among; after. 198 Adj. masc. gen. sing. of ἐκεῖνος, that one. 199 fem. acc. sing. of καταδίκη, judgment given against one: the damages awarded 200 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of διακούω, to hear through, hear out; to be a hearer or disciple of. 201 Archelaus, the physicist. 202 Pron. masc. gen. sing. of ὅς, he. 203 Adj. neut. pl. of παιδικός, of or for a beloved youth, darling, favourite, minion; his darling pupil, ‘teachers pet.’ 204 aor. mid. inf. of γίγνομαι, become. ‚The aorist infinitive in indirect discourse represents an aorist indicative of the direct form.‛

Goodwin, William Watson, Syntax of the Moods and Tenses of the Greek Verb, London: Macmillan: 1929: 126. 205 3rd sing. pres. act. ind. of φημί. 206 Aristoxenus. 207 Duris. 208 3rd sing. aor. act. opt. of δουλεύω, to be a slave. ‚The aorist optative in indirect discourse may represent (1) the aorist indicative

of a leading verb (2) the aorist subjunctive of a dependent verb.‛ Op. Cit., Goodwin: 124. 209 aor. mid./pass. inf. of ἐργάζομαι, work, do, perform, make; things done, deeds. 210 masc. acc. pl. of λίθος, stone, rock. 211 fem. dat. sing. of ἀκρόπολις, citadel, stronghold; acropolis. 212 fem. acc. pl. of Χάρις, Graces. 213 Adj. masc. nom. pl. of ἔνιοι, some. 214 fem. acc. pl. pres. mid./pass. part. ἐνδίδωμι, give way, yield. 215 fem. acc. pl. pres. act. part. of εἰμί. 216 Adv., whence. 217 Timon in his Silli, or ‘Satire.’ 218 aor. inf. act. of εἶπον, speak, say. 219 ἄρα, then, so then, so, naturally, as it appears. 220 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἀποκλίνω, turn off or aside; fall away, decline, tend, incline to. 221 masc. nom. sing., hew from stone. 222 masc. nom. sing., prater about laws. 223 masc. nom. sing., by way of a charm. 224 ἀκριβόω, to make exact + λόγος, thus ἀκριβολόγους = ‘maker of exact arguments.’ 225 masc. nom. sing. aor. act, part. of ἀποφαίνω, have proclaimed; make known, declare; show by reasoning, prove. 226 masc. nom. sing., the nose, snout; sarcasm, raillery. 227 ητορ + μυκτὴρ

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And, according to some, he learned from Anaxagoras,

And also Damon, thus Alexander in Successions;

After the judgement against that one,

Was a disciple of Archelaus, of the physics;

And Aristoxenus says he was a παιδικά230 of his.

Duris says he himself wished to be a slave,231

And was a stone worker,

And some say he gave the existing,

Charites232 to the Acropolis.

Whereas Timon, in his Silliis233 said:

And of those inclined to the sculptors; a chatterer about laws,

An enchanter of Hellas, a prover of exact arguments,

A reviler of mock-orators, and a somewhat Attic ironist.

228 Adj. masc. nom. sing., somewhat Attic. 229 εἰρων-ευτής , οῦ, ὁ. 230 I.e., ‘a teacher’s pet;’ one of his teachers pets seeing that παιδικά is neut. pl. 231 Here δουλεῦσαι could be either aor. act. inf. or 3rd sing aor. act. opt. of δουλεύω, but since αὐτὸν is a masc. acc. sing. direct

object; the aor. act. inf. ought to be ruled out. This could be an allusion to the fact that Socrates indeed made himself a slave to the

oracle at Delphi. Thus, ‘wished to be a slave,’ i.e., to the God at Delphi—Apollo Pythia. 232 Χάριτες, Lat. Gratiae. There are three Charites, Aglaia, Triumph; Euphrosyne, Good Cheer; and Thalia, Comedy. 233 Satires.

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Ἦν234 γὰρ καὶ ἐν τοῖς ητορικοῖς235 δεινός,236 ὥς φησι καὶ Ἰδομενεύς: ἀλλὰ καὶ οἱ τριάκοντα237

αὐτὸν ἐκώ 238 *20+ λυσαν 239 τέχνας 240 διδάσκειν 241 λόγων, 242 ὥς φησι Ξενοφὦν. Καὶ

Ἀριστοφάνης αὐτὸν κωμῳδεῖ 243 ὡς τὸν ἥττω 244 λόγον κρείττω 245 ποιοῦντα. 246 Καὶ γὰρ

πρὦτος, ὥς φησι Φαβωρῖνος247 ἐν Παντοδαπῆ248 ἱστορίᾳ, μετὰ τοῦ μαθητοῦ249 Αἰσχίνου250

ητορεύειν251 ἐδίδαξε:252 λέγει δὲ τοῦτο καὶ Ἰδομενεὺς ἐν τ περὶ253 τὦν ωκρατικὦν. Καὶ

πρὦτος περὶ βίου254 διελέχθη255 καὶ πρὦτος φιλοσόφων καταδικασθεὶς256 ἐτελεύτα.257 Φησὶ

δ᾽ αὐτὸν Ἀριστόξενος 258 ὁ πινθάρου 259 καὶ χρηματίσασθαι: 260 τιθέντα 261 γοῦν 262 τὸ

βαλλόμενον263 κέρμα264 ἀθροίζειν:265 εἶτ᾽266 ἀναλώσαντα267 πάλιν τιθέναι.268

234 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί 235 Adj. neut. dat. pl. of ητορικός, oratorical, rhetorical. 236 Adj. masc. nom. sing., dreadful, terrible; marvellously strong, powerful. 237 Thirty. 238 ἐκώλυσαν, ‘un-loosed,’ i.e., ‘freeded.’ 239 3rd pl. aor. act. ind. of λύω, loose, loosen, set free. 240 fem. gen. acc. pl. of τέχνη, art, skill, device, craft, cunning. 241 pres. act. inf. of διδάσκω, teach. 242 masc. gen. pl. of λόγος, thinking, reasoning. 243 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of κωμῳδέω, to represent in a comedy, to satirise, lampoon, libel. 244 Adj. masc. acc. sing. of ἥσσων, inferior. 245 Adj. comp. masc. acc. sing. of κρείσσων, stronger, superior. 246 masc. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of ποιέω, make. 247 Favorinus. 248 Adj. fem. dat. sing. of παντοδαπός, of all kinds, of all sorts, manifold, miscellaneous. 249 masc. gen. sing. of μαθητής, a learner, pupil, student, apprentice. 250 Aeschines. 251 pres. act. inf. of ητορεύω, to speak in public, to use; to be a public speaker, practise oratory; teach oratory 252 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of διδάσκω, teach; explain. 253 Prep. + gen. = around, round about; about, concerning; the circumstances of; on behalf of. 254 masc. gen. sing. of βίος, life. 255 3rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of διαλέγω, to pick out one from another, to pick out; practise dialectic, elicit conclusions by discussion,

dialogue. 256 masc. nom. sing. aor. pass. part. of καταδικάζω, to give judgment against; condemned. 257 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of τελευτάω, complete, bring to pass, fulfil. 258 Aristoxenus. 259 Spintharus. 260 aor. mid. inf. of χρηματίζω, to negotiate, transact business, have dealings. 261 masc. acc. sing. pres. act. part. of τίθημι, put, place 262 Partic., at least then, at any rate, any way. 263 masc. acc. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of βάλλω, throw, cast; place money on deposit. 264 neut. acc. sing., a slice, fragment; a coin. 265 pres. act. inf. of ἀθροίζω, to gather together, to muster; amount. 266 Adv., εἶτα, then, next 267 masc. acc. sing. aor. act. part. of ἀναλίσκω, spend; waste.

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And indeed he terrible to the orators, so says Idomeneus,

And yet the Thirty269 freed him

For teaching the art of reasoning,

So says Zenophon.

And Aristophanes used to lampoon him

As making the weaker argument

The stronger.

And indeed, so says Favorinus, in Miscellaneous Histories,

Next to the student Aeschines,

First to teach rhetoric;

And this Idomenus say,

in the On the Socratic.

And first to practice dialectic about life,

And first of the philosophers

Completely condemned.270

And Aristoxenus, of the Spintharus,

Says he transacted business;

268 pres. act. inf. of τίθημι, put, place. 269 I.e., the Thrity Tyrants at Athens, B.C. 404-03. 270 I.e., exceuted. Σό τοι νομισθὲν τς αληθείας κρατεῖ. ‚Indeed, a thing believed overcomes a thing of truth.‛ (Sophocles, Fr. 86A,

Sophocles, Fragments, Hugh Lloyd-Jones, trans., Cambridge, MA: Harvard: 1996.) Ostensible badness, effectuated by calumny,

concealed real goodness and causing his murder to be approved, falsehood consealed truth proving ‚wisdom to be nothing worth‛

and that ad baculum argumentum, i.e., ‚the advantage of the stronger,‛ is the strongest argument . Thus, Socrates was truly not

guilty of the charge of ‚making the weaker argument defeat the stronger,‛ since, over him, the stronger argument indeed prevailed.

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And then, placing money on deposit,

Went on to spend everything deposited.

Κρίτωνα 271 δ᾽ ἀναστσαι 272 αὐτὸν ἀπὸ 273 τοῦ ἐργαστηρίου 274 καὶ παιδεῦσαι 275 τς κατὰ

ψυχὴν 276 χάριτος 277 ἐρασθέντα 278 Δημήτριός φησιν ὁ Βυζάντιος. 279 *21+ Γνόντα 280 δὲ τὴν

φυσικὴν 281 θεωρίαν 282 μηδὲν 283 εἶναι πρὸς284 ἡμς,285 τὰ ἠθικὰ286 φιλοσοφεῖν 287 ἐπί τε τὦν

ἐργαστηρίων288 καὶ ἐν τῆ ἀγορᾶ: κἀκεῖνα289 δὲ φάσκειν290 ζητεῖν:291

Ὅττι292 τοι ἐν μεγάροισι293 κακόν τ᾽ ἀγαθόν τε τέτυκται. 294 (Od. 4. 392-4)295

Πολλάκις 296 δὲ βιαιότερον 297 ἐν ταῖς ζητήσεσι 298 διαλεγόμενον 299 κονδυλίζεσθαι 300 καὶ

παρατίλλεσθαι, 301 τὸ πλέον 302 τε γελσθαι 303 καταφρονούμενον: 304 καὶ πάντα 305 ταῦτα

φέρειν306 ἀνεξικάκως.307

271 Crito. 272 3rd sing. aor. opt. act. of ἀνίστημι, make to stand. 273 Prep., from. 274 neut. gen. sing. of ἐργαστήριον, any place in which work is done: a workshop, manufactory. 275 aor. act. inf. of παιδεύω, teach. 276 fem. acc. sing. of ψῦχος, life; soul, spirit; personality; heart; self; will. 277 fem. gen. sing. of χάρις, quality of pleasing, grace, charm, charms. 278 masc. acc. sing. of ἔραμαι, love; desire passionately, lust after; desire eagerly. 279 Δημήτριός

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And the Byzantian Demetrius says Crito

Wanted to make him stand forth from a workshop308

And to teach the erotic soul of Grace,309

And knew natural theory to be nothing

As opposed to our philosophizing Ethics,

And to seek the thinking for each

In the Agora of schools:310

Seeing that in thy home the art

Of both Good and Bad has been produced (Od. 4. 392-4).

And was beaten and plucked311

Many times on account of his more compelling arguments

But for the most part laughed at, looked down upon:

296 Adv., many times, often. 297 Adv. comp. of βίαιος, violent., forceful; vehemence. 298 ζητέω, inquire into, investigate, examine. 299 neut. nom. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of διαλέγω. 300 pres. mid. inf. of κονδυλίζω, strike. 301 pres. mid./pass. inf. of παρά + τίλλω, pluck out. 302 Adj. comp. neut. sing., πλείων, more, greater, the greater part. 303 pres. mid./pass. inf. of γελάω, laugh. 304 masc. acc. sing. pres. mid./pass. part. of καταφρονέω, to think down upon. 305 Adj. neut. pl, every. 306 pres. inf. act. of φέρω, bear, carry, bring, convey. 307 perf. act. part. of ἀνεξικακέω, long suffering. 308 I.e., ‘a school.’ 309 I.e., ‘to teach Grace’s erotic soul.’ 310 I.e., ‘in the schools of the Agora,’ the proverbial ‘wisdom of the marketplace.’ 311 I.e., his hair having been ripped out.

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And all these things he bore patiently.

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Ὅθεν καὶ λακτισθέντα, 312 ἐπειδὴ313 ἠνέσχετο,314 τινὸς θαυμάσαντος, 315 εἰπεῖν,316 ‚εἰ δέ με

ὄνος 317 ἐλάκτισε, 318 δίκην ἅν 319 αὐτ ἐλάγχανον;‛ 320 καὶ ταῦτα μὲν ὁ Δημήτριος. [22]

Ἀποδημίας 321 δὲ οὐκ ἐδεήθη, 322 καθάπερ 323 οἱ πλείους, 324 πλὴν 325 εἰ μὴ 326 στρατεύεσθαι 327

ἔδει. 328 Σὸ δὲ λοιπὸν 329 αὐτόθι 330 μένων 331 φιλονεικότερον 332 συνεζήτει 333 τοῖς

προσδιαλεγομένοις,334 οὐχ ὥστε335 ἀφελέσθαι336 τὴν δόξαν337 αὐτούς, ἀλλ᾽ ὥστε τὸ ἀληθὲς338

ἐκμαθεῖν339 πειρσθαι.340 Φασὶ δ᾽ Εὐριπίδην αὐτ δόντα341 τὸ Ἡρακλείτου σύγγραμμα342

ἐρέσθαι,343 τί δοκεῖ;344 τὸν δὲ φάναι,345 ‚ἃ346 μὲν συνκα,347 γενναῖα:348 οἶμαι349 δὲ καὶ ἃ μὴ

συνκα: πλὴν Δηλίου350 γέ351 τινος δεῖται352 κολυμβητοῦ.‛353

312 λακτίζω, to kick with heal or foot. 313 Conj., when. 314 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of ἀνέχω, hold up, lift up; put forth, hold back, check; hold one’s self up. 315 masc. gen. sing. aor. act. part. of θαυμάζω, wonder, admire. 316 aor. act. inf. of εἶπον, said. 317 masc. or fem. nom. pl., ass. 318 3rd. sing. aor. act. ind. of λακτίζω, kick with the heel. 319 Conj. indecl. of ἐάν, if haply, if. 320 1st sing. or 3rd pl. imperf. act. ind. of λάγχανω, obtaining by lot. 321 fem. gen. sing. of ἀποδημία, a being from home, a going or being abroad. 322 3rd sing. aor. pass. ind. of δέω, to lack, miss, stand in need of. 323 Adv. of καθά, according as, just as. 324 Adj., masc. acc. pl. of πλείων, more, greater, the greater part. 325 Prep., except. 326 ‘not?’ 327 pres. mid./pass. ind. of στρατεύω, to serve in war, serve as a soldier, do military service, take the field, march. 328 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of δεῖ, it is necessary. 329 Adj., masc. acc. sing. or neut. sing. of λοιπός, future, yet to be; remaining over; finally; the rest. 330 Adv., right on the spot. 331 neut. gen. pl. of μένος, impulse, will, spirit, might, courage; or masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of μένω, remain, wait. 332 Adv., comp. of φιλόνεικος, fond of strife, eager for strife, contentious. 333 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of συζητέω, to search, examine together; dispute with. 334masc. dat. pl. mid. part. of προσδέω, need besides. 335 Adv., as, just as. 336 aor. mid. inf. of ἀφαιρέω, take away; exclude, separate; cancel, rescind. 337 fem. acc. sing. of δόξα, expectation, view; opinion. 338 Adv. or neut. sing. adj. of, ἀληθής, true. 339 aor. act. inf. of ἐκμανθάνω, learn fully about. 340 pres. mid./pass. inf. of πειράω, make trial of, test, put to proof. 341 masc. acc. sing. aor. act. part. of δίδωμι, give, grant. 342 neut. sing., a writing, a written paper. 343 aor. mid. inf. of ἔρομαι, ask. 344 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of δοκέω, think, fancy. 345 pres. inf. act. of φημί say, declare. 346 neut. pl. of ὅς, his, her, it.

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An when he picked himself up after being kicked

And Wherefore, when he was kicked,

Lifted himself up, and from astonishment wondered:

‚If I was for this Fated,

Are asses to take up law?‛

And this this from Demetrius.

And did not stand in need of being abroad

Any more than was necessary to serve in war.

And remaining on the spot, pointedly disputed

More contentiously for that which is also necessary;

Not so as to disprove their opinion,

But so as to more fully learn the truth by testing it.

And they say Euripides

Gave him the writing of Heraclitus

And was asked what he thought?

And he said: ‚On the one hand what I understood was excellent,

But, on the other hand, what I understood not

Were also excellent;

Except for those things I am in need of a Delian diver.

347 1st sing. aor. act. ind. of συνίημι, let go with; bring or set together, come to an agreement; perceive, hear, to be aware of, take

notice of, observe; understand. 348 Adj., neut. pl. γενναῖος, according to; good of their kind, excellent. 349 1st sing. pres. mid./pass ind. of οἴομαι, to suppose, think, deem, imagine. 350 gen. sing. of Δήλιος, Delian. 351 Particl. indecl., ‘at least, at any rate.’ 352 3rd sing. pres. mid./pass. ind. of δέω or δέομαι, to lack, miss, stand in need of. 353 κολυμβητής, οῦ, diver.

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Ἐπεμελεῖτο 354 δὲ καὶ σωμασκίας, 355 καὶ ἦν εὐέκτης. 356 Ἐστρατεύσατο 357 γοῦν 358 εἰς

Ἀμφίπολιν 359 καὶ Ξενοφὦντα 360 ἀφ᾽ 361 ἵππου πεσόντα 362 ἐν τῆ κατὰ Δήλιον μάχῃ 363

διέσωσεν364 ὑπολαβών:365 [23] ὅτε366 καὶ πάντων φευγόντων367 Ἀθηναίων368 αὐτὸς ἠρέμα369

ἀνεχώρει,370 παρεπιστρεφόμενος371 ἡσυχ372 καὶ τηρὦν373 ἀμύνασθαι374 εἴ τίς οἱ ἐπέλθοι.375

Ἐστρατεύσατο 376 δὲ καὶ εἰς Ποτίδαιαν 377 διὰ θαλάττης: 378 πεζῆ 379 γὰρ οὐκ ἐνν 380 τοῦ

πολέμου 381 κωλύοντος. 382 Ὅτε καὶ μεῖναι 383 διὰ νυκτὸς 384 ὅλης 385 ἐφ᾽ 386 ἑνὸς σχήματος 387

αὐτόν φασι, καὶ ἀριστεύσαντα388 αὐτόθι389 παραχωρσαι390 Ἀλκιβιάδῃ391 τοῦ ἀριστείου:392 οὗ

καὶ ἐρασθναί393 φησιν αὐτὸν Ἀρίστιππος ἐν τετάρτῳ394 Περὶ Παλαις395 τρυφς.396

354 3rd sing. imperf. mid./pass. ind. of ἐπιμελέομαι, to take care of, have charge of, have the management of. 355 masc. acc. pl. of σωμασκίας, one who takes bodily exercise 356 masc. nom. sing. of εὐέκτης, of a good habit of body. 357 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of στρατεύω, to serve in war, serve as a soldier, do military service, take the field, march. 358 Partic., indecl., at least then, at any rate, any way. 359 Amphipolis. 360 masc. acc. sing., Xenophon. 361 Prep., ἀπό, from. 362 masc. sing. aor. act. part. of πίπτω, fall. 363 fem. dat. sing. of μάχη, flight, battle, combat. 364 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of διασῴζω, preserve through. 365 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of ὑπολαμβάνω, to take up by getting under; take up, seize or come suddenly upon; fight. 366 Conj. indecl., when. 367 masc. gen. pl. pres. act. part. of φεύγω, flee, flee from, escape. 368 masc. gen. pl. of Ἀθηναῖος, Athenian. 369 Adv. indecl., stilly, quietly, gently, softly; slowly. 370 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of ἀναχωρέω, go back, retreat. 371 παρα + πίστις + τρέφω = ‘from the side of faith,’ i.e. ‘self-assured.’ 372 Adv. indecl., stilly, quietly, softly, gently. 373 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of τηρέω, watch over; take care, protect; give heed to, watch narrowly, observe. 374 aor. mid. inf. of ἀμύνω, ward off, defend. 375 3rd sing. aor. act. opt. of ἐπέρχομαι, come. 376 3rd sing. aor. mid. ind. of στρατεύω, to serve in war, serve as a soldier, do military service, take the field, march 377 fem. acc. sing. of Potidaea. 378 fem. gen. sing. of θάλασσα, the sea. 379 Adj., fem. dat. sing. of πεζός, on foot. 380 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of ἔνος, year; day after tomorrow; day. 381 masc. gen. sing. of πόλεμος, fighting, war, battle. 382 masc. gen. sing. pres. act. part. of κωλύω, prevent. 383 3rd sing. aor. act. opt. of μένω, remain, wait. 384 fem. gen. sing. of νύξ, night. 385 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of ὅλος, whole. 386 ἐπί, upon, on. 387 neut. gen. sing. of σχμα, form, figure, appearance. 388 masc. sing. aor. act. part. of ἀριστεύω, be the best

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And he took care of himself through exercises

And was in good shape.

At any rate, served in war against Amphipolis,

And in the battle against the Delians

Lifted up Xenophon, after he had fallen from his horse, saved him.

And when the Athenians were, from them,

In full flight; he himself, being quietly self-assured,

Slowly withdrew, and watching carefully,

Defended if they should come.

And he himself served in the war against Potidaea by way of the sea,

For battle on foot was that day prevented.

And whence they say he waited through the whole night until the next day;

And he was the best there,

Going to the side of Alcibiades, out of bravery and love for him;397

And this Aristippus says

In the fourth book ‘On the Ancients.’

389 Adv. indecl., right on the spot. 390 aor. act. inf. or 3rd sing. aor. act. opt. of παραχωρέω, to go aside, make room, give place, retire. 391 Alcibiades 392 ἀριστεία, bravery, valor. 393 aor. pass. inf. of ἔραμαι, desire; desire passionately, lust after; love. 394 Adj., neut. dat. sing. of τέταρτος, fourth. 395 Adj., fem. gen. sing. of παλαιός, ancient, old, aged. 396 θρύπτω = a part or fragment. 397 Cf. Plato: ωκράτης: εἰ ἄρα τις γέγονεν ἐραστὴς τοῦ Ἀλκιβιάδου σώματος, οὐκ Ἀλκιβιάδου ἄρα ἠράσθη ἀλλά τινος τὦν

Ἀλκιβιάδου. Ἀλκιβιάδης: ἀληθ λέγεις. ωκράτης: ὅστις δέ σου τς ψυχς ἐρᾶ; Ἀλκιβιάδης: ἀνάγκη φαίνεται ἐκ τοῦ

λόγου. (Alcibiades I 131.c.9).

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Ἴων398 δὲ ὁ Χῖος καὶ νέον399 ὄντα400 εἰς άμον σὺν401 Ἀρχελάῳ402 ἀποδημσαι:403 καὶ Πυθώδε404

ἐλθεῖν 405 Ἀριστοτέλης φησίν: 406 ἀλλὰ καὶ εἰς Ἰσθμόν, ὡς Φαβωρῖνος ἐν τ πρώτῳ τὦν

Ἀπομνημονευμάτων.407 [24] Ἦν408 δὲ καὶ ἰσχυρογνώμων409 καὶ δημοκρατικός,410 ὡς δλον ἔκ

τε τοῦ μὴ εἶξαι 411 τοῖς περὶ Κριτίαν, κελεύουσι 412 Λέοντα τὸν αλαμίνιον, 413 ἄνδρα

πλούσιον, 414 ἀγαγεῖν 415 πρὸς αὐτούς, ὥστε ἀπολέσθαι: 416 ἀλλὰ καὶ μόνος 417

ἀποψηφίσασθαι418 τὦν δέκα στρατηγὦν.419 Καὶ ἐνὸν420 αὐτ ἀποδρναι421 τς εἱρκτς422 μὴ

ἐθελσαι: 423 τοῖς τε κλαίουσιν 424 αὐτὸν ἐπιπλξαι 425 καὶ τοὺς καλλίστους 426 λόγους

ἐκείνους427 δεδεμένον428 διαθέσθαι.429

398 masc. nom. sing., Ion. 399 Adj., neut. sing. of νέος, new, fresh, young. 400 pres. act. part. of sum. 401 Prep., along with, together. 402 Archelaus. 403 aor. act. inf. or 3rd sing. aor. act. opt. of ἀποδημέω, to be away from home, be abroad. 404 Adv., to Pytho. 405 aor. act. inf. of ἔρχομαι, come, go. 406 ‘says Aristotle.’ 407 neut. gen. pl. of ἀπομνημόνευμα, a memorial. 408 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί, to be. 409 Adj., masc. nom sing., stiff in opinion. 410 Adj. masc. nom. sing., democratic. 411 aor. act. inf. or 3rd sing. aor. act. opt. of εἴκω, yield, give way, withdraw. 412 3rd pl. pres. act. ind. or masc./neut. dat. pl. pres. act. part. of κελεύω, urge; order. 413 the Salaman Leon 414 masc. acc. sing. of πλούσιος, rich, wealthy, opulent. 415 aor. act. inf. of ἄγω, lead, conduct, bring. 416 aor. mid. inf. of ἀπόλλυμι, lose, destroy. 417 Adj. masc. nom. sing., alone. 418 aor. mid./pass. inf. of ἀποψηφίζομαι, to vote away from. 419 masc. gen. pl. of στρατηγός, the leader; general, commander; governor. 420 neut. sing. pres. act. part. of εἰμί, to be. 421 aor. act. inf. of ἀποδιδράσκω, escape by stealth. 422 fem. gen. sing. of εἱρκτή, an inclosure, prison. 423 aor. act. inf. or 3rd sing. aor. act. opt. of ἐθέλω, will, wish, choose. 424 masc. dat. pl. pres. act. part. of κλαίω, weep, cry. 425 aor. act. inf. or 3rd sing. aor. act. opt. of ἐπιπλήσσω, lay on blows. 426 Adj., masc. acc. pl. of καλός, beautiful. 427 Adj., masc. acc. pl. of ἐκεῖνος, that one. 428 masc. acc. sing. or neut. sing. mid./pass. part of δέω, bind, fasten; kept in bonds. 429 aor. mid./pass. inf. of διατίθημι, to place separately, arrange.

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And according to the Chion Ion:

Being young he wished to go abroad together with Archalaus to Samos,

And Aristotle says went to Pytho.430

And also to Isthmus,

Thus Favornius in the first of the Memoirs.

And was firm in opinion, and democratic;

As is clear from his unwillingness to yield to Critias

For ordering Leon the Salaman,

A rich man, to be lead away to his death;

But he alone cast the vote against the ten generals.

And he himself chose not to escape from prison;

And he, rebuking them for weeping,

Making beautiful speeches,

Captivated them.

430 I.e., Delphi.

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Αὐτάρκης431 τε ἦν καὶ σεμνός.432 Καί ποτε Ἀλκιβιάδου,433 καθά φησι Παμφίλη434 ἐν τ ἑβδόμῳ435

τὦν Ὑπομνημάτων,436 διδόντος437 αὐτ χώραν438 μεγάλην,439 ἵνα440 ἐνοικοδομήσηται441 οἰκίαν,442

φάναι,443 ‚Καὶ εἰ ὑποδημάτων444 ἔδει,445 καὶ βύρσαν446 μοι ἐδίδους,447 ἵν᾽448 ἐμαυτ449 ὑποδήματα450

ποιησαίμην,451 καταγέλαστος452 ἅν ἦν453 λαβών.‛454 [25] Πολλάκις455 δ᾽ ἀφορὦν456 εἰς τὰ πλήθη457

τὦν πιπρασκομένων458 ἔλεγε459 πρὸς αὑτόν, ‚Πόσων460 ἐγὼ χρείαν461 οὐκ ἔχω.‛462 Καὶ συνεχὲς463

ἐκεῖνα464 ἀνεφθέγγετο465 τὰ ἰαμβεῖα:466

τὰ δ᾽ ἀργυρώματ᾽467 ἐστὶν ἥ τε πορφύρα468

εἰς τοὺς τραγῳδοὺς469 χρήσιμ᾽,470 οὐκ εἰς τὸν βίον.471

431 Adj., masc. nom sing. of αὐτάρκης, sufficient in oneself, having enough, independent. 432 Adj., masc. nom. sing., august, revered, holy; proud, haughty; in contempt or irony, solemn, pompous; of human things, august,

stately, majestic. 433 Alcibiades. 434 Pamphila. 435 neut. dat. sing. of ἕβδομος, seventh. 436 neut. gen. pl. of ὑπόμνημα, a remembrance, memorial; memoranda, commentaries. 437 masc. gen. sing. pres. act. part. of δίδωμι, give, grant. 438 fem. acc. sing. of χώρα, land, country; place, spot. 439 Adj., fem. acc. sing. of μέγας, great, large. 440 Conj. or Adv., where. 441 ἐνοικοδομέω, build in a place. 442 fem. acc. sing. of οἰκία, a building, house, dwelling. 443 pres. act. inf. of φημί, say, declare 444 neut. gen. pl. of ὑπόδημα, sandals. 445 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of δέω, to lack, miss, stand in need of. 446 fem. acc. sing. of βύρσα, the skin stripped off, a hide. 447 2nd sing. imperf. act. ind. of δίδωμι, give, grant. 448 ἵνα, where. 449 Pron., masc. dat. sing. of ἐμαυτοῦ, of me, of myself. 450 neut. pl. of ὑπόδημα, sandals. 451 1st sing. aor. mid. opt. of ποιέω, make. 452 Adj., masc. nom. sing., ridiculous, absurd. 453 1st sing. imperf. act. ind. of εἰμί, to be 454 masc. nom. sing. aor. act. part. of λαμβάνω, take, receive. 455 Adv., many times, often. 456 masc. nom. sing. pres. act. part. of ἀφοράω, to look away from; turn one’s back to. 457 neut. pl. of πλθος, multitude, mass. 458 neut. gen. pl. pres. mid./pass. part. of πιπράσκω, to sell. 459 3rd sing. imperf. act. ind. of λέγω, to say, speak. 460 Adj., fem. gen. pl. of ποσός, of a certain quantity; magnitude. 461 fem. gen. pl. of χρεία, need. 462 1st sing. pres. subj. act. of ἔχω, have, hold. 463 Adj., neut. sing. of συνεχής, continuously. 464 Adj., neut. pl. of ἐκεῖνος, that one. 465 ἄν + φθέγγομαι, repeating. 466 Adj., neut. pl. of ἰαμβεῖος, iambic. 467 neut. pl. ἀργύρωμα, silver plates. 468 fem. nom sing, purple stripe or other adornment of a garment. 469 masc. acc. pl. of τραγῳδός, a member of the tragic chorus.

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And he was proud and independent.

And this handed down from Pampilia,

In her seventh Memoirs;

At one time or other, Alcibiades

Upon giving to him a large place

Where to build a house,472 he said:

As if I were in need of sandals,

And you gave me a hide

Wherefore I was to make sandals for myself;

If I had taken it, I would be ridiculous.

And often turning his back to the mass of things being sold,

To himself said: ‚A great need for I have not.‛

And continiously repeated these Iambics:

But sliver plates and purple stripes are;

To the tragic chorus useful, not to the life lived.

470 Adj., neut. pl. of χρήσιμος, useful, serviceable, good for use, good, apt. 471 neut. sing. aor. act. part.; or masc. acc. sing. of βίος, life. 472 This remark suggests that Socrates was homeless and was therefore needed a place to build a home.

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Ὑπερεφρόνησε 473 δὲ καὶ Ἀρχελάου τοῦ Μακεδόνος 474 καὶ κόπα τοῦ Κρανωνίου 475 καὶ

Εὐρυλόχου τοῦ Λαρισσαίου, 476 μήτε χρήματα 477 προσέμενος 478 παρ᾽ αὐτὦν, μήτε 479 παρ᾽

αὐτοὺς ἀπελθών.480 Εὔτακτός481 τε ἦν τὴν δίαιταν482 οὕτως,483 ὥστε484 πολλάκις Ἀθήνησι485

λοιμὦν486 γενομένων487 μόνος488 οὐκ ἐνόσησε.489 *26+ Φησὶ δ᾽ Ἀριστοτέλης δύο γυναῖκας490

αὐτὸν ἀγαγέσθαι: 491 προτέραν 492 μὲν Ξανθίππην, 493 ἐξ ἧς 494 αὐτ γενέσθαι 495

Λαμπροκλέα:496 δευτέραν δὲ Μυρτώ,497 τὴν Ἀριστείδου498 τοῦ δικαίου θυγατέρα, 499 ἣν καὶ

ἄπροικον500 λαβεῖν,501 ἐξ ἧς γενέσθαι ωφρονίσκον502 καὶ Μενέξενον.503 Οἱ δὲ προτέραν

γμαι504 τὴν Μυρτώ φασιν: ἔνιοι505 δὲ καὶ ἀμφοτέρας σχεῖν506 ὁμοῦ,507 Ὠν508 ἐστι άτυρός509 τε

καὶ Ἱερώνυμος ὁ Ῥόδιος.510

473 3rd sing. aor. act. ind. of ὑπερφρονέω, to be over-proud, to have high thoughts. 474 Archelaus of Macedon. 475 Scopas of Cranon. 476 Eurylochus of Larissa. 477 neut. pl. of χρμα, possessions, property; things, i.e., ‘gifts.’ 478 masc. nom. sing. aor. mid. part. of προσίημι, to send to; admit, accept. 479 Partic., μήτε

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And he showed contempt for Archelaus of Macedon

Scopas of Cranon, and Eurylochus of Larissa;

Neither sending gifts to them, nor going to see them.

And was so well-ordered in life-style,

When most in Athens had from pestilence become sick,

He alone was not sick.

And Aristotle says he took two women:511

The first was Xanthippe,

From her begat Lamprocles;

And the second was Myrto, the daughter of Aristides the Just;

And she was without portion512 received;

From her came Sophroniscus and Menexenus.

And they say he may have married Myrto first,

And that he had both at the same time;

Of those are Satyrus and Heironymus the Rhodian.

505 Adj., masc. nom. pl., some. 506 aor. inf. act. of ἔχω, hold, have. 507 Adv., in the same place; together, at once. 508 Pron., masc. gen. pl of ὅς. 509 Satyrus. 510 The Rhodian Hieronymus. 511 I.e., ‘wives.’ 512 I.e., without a dowry.

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Φασὶ γὰρ βουληθέντας 513 Ἀθηναίους 514 διὰ τὸ λειπανδρεῖν 515 συναυξσαι 516 τὸ πλθος,

ψηφίσασθαι517 γαμεῖν518 μὲν ἀστὴν519 μίαν,520 παιδοποιεῖσθαι521 δὲ καὶ ἐξ ἑτέρας:522 ὅθεν523

τοῦτο ποισαι524 καὶ ωκράτην. 525 [27] Ἦν δ᾽ ἱκανὸς 526 καὶ τὦν σκωπτόντων 527 *αὐτὸν+

ὑπερορν.528 Καὶ ἐσεμνύνετο529 ἐπὶ τῆ εὐτελείᾳ,530 μισθόν531 τε οὐδένα532 εἰσεπράξατο.533 Καὶ

ἔλεγεν534 ἥδιστα535 ἐσθίων536 ἥκιστα537 ὄψου538 προσδεῖσθαι:539 καὶ ἥδιστα πίνων540 ἥκι�