Development of Diagnostics for particles in JET Tritium...

49
CCFE is the fusion research arm of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Development of Diagnostics for Development of Diagnostics for Fusion Fusion α α α α α α - - particles in JET particles in JET Deuterium Deuterium - - Tritium Experiments Tritium Experiments V.G. Kiptily V.G. Kiptily and JET EFDA contributors and JET EFDA contributors

Transcript of Development of Diagnostics for particles in JET Tritium...

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    icle

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  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

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    will b

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    e d

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    uss

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    re

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

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    8

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    ou

    rce

    dia

    gn

    osti

    cs

    dia

    gn

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    cs

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

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    ep 2

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    ust

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    9

    Fu

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    ion

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    art

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    n b

    e m

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    red

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    dete

    ctio

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    m

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    The b

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  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

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    ent S

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    10

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    n a

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  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

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    eu

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  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

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    d b

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  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

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    ep 2

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    exa

    s, U

    SA

    13

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    sio

    n a

    lph

    a s

    ou

    rce

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

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    us

    ion

    alp

    ha

    so

    urc

    e d

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    sti

    cs

    2.2

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    eu

    tro

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    n s

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    y

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    ee C

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    ents

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  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

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    exa

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    SA

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    tic

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    alp

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    sti

    cs

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    . N

    eu

    tro

    n s

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    y:

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    eu

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    n s

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    y:

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  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

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    ET

    NB

    I dis

    charg

    es

    with

    Yn

    ≈4 x

    10

    18

    n/s

    •M

    PR

    count ra

    te o

    f C

    n≈

    4 x

    10

    5 n

    /s,

    •T

    he tota

    l neutr

    on y

    ield

    : 3 x

    10

    19

    •M

    PR

    data

    base

    consi

    sts

    of 3 x

    10

    6eve

    nts

    •T

    he s

    pect

    ral r

    egio

    n o

    f A

    KN

    obse

    rvatio

    n

    (RO

    ) is

    lim

    ited to the h

    igh e

    nerg

    y ta

    il of 150

    eve

    nts

    Kalln

    eet al P

    RL 8

    5 (

    2000)

    1246

    RO

    15.5 MeV

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    16

    Fu

    sio

    n a

    lph

    a s

    ou

    rce

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    sF

    us

    ion

    alp

    ha

    so

    urc

    e d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    2.2

    . N

    eu

    tro

    n s

    pectr

    om

    etr

    y:

    2.2

    . N

    eu

    tro

    n s

    pectr

    om

    etr

    y:

    co

    mp

    ac

    t s

    pe

    ctr

    om

    ete

    r b

    as

    ed

    on

    co

    mp

    ac

    t s

    pe

    ctr

    om

    ete

    r b

    as

    ed

    on

    NE

    21

    3N

    E2

    13

    Spect

    rom

    ete

    r is

    equip

    ped w

    ith a

    dig

    ital p

    uls

    e s

    hape

    dis

    crim

    inatio

    nacq

    uis

    ition s

    yste

    m f

    or

    n/γ

    separa

    tion.

    Puls

    eH

    eig

    ht

    Spect

    ra u

    p t

    o t

    ota

    l count

    rate

    s of ∼

    10

    6s-

    1.

    Energ

    y re

    solu

    tion

    (aft

    er

    PH

    Sunfo

    ldin

    g):

    14 M

    eV

    neutr

    ons

    < 2

    %

    2.5

    MeV

    neu

    trons

    < 4

    %

    F.

    Be

    lli,

    Fra

    sca

    ti

    Hig

    h N

    BI po

    we

    r

    Lo

    w N

    BI

    po

    we

    r

    A s

    imila

    r sp

    ect

    rom

    ete

    r w

    ith a

    vert

    ical f

    ield

    of

    view

    is p

    ropose

    d

    ITE

    R r

    ele

    vant

    com

    pact

    neutr

    on

    sp

    ect

    rom

    ete

    r !

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    17

    Fu

    sio

    n a

    lph

    a s

    ou

    rce

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    sF

    us

    ion

    alp

    ha

    so

    urc

    e d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    2.3

    . N

    eu

    tral P

    art

    icle

    An

    aly

    sers

    2.3

    . N

    eu

    tral P

    art

    icle

    An

    aly

    sers

    The N

    PA

    measu

    res

    the li

    ne in

    tegra

    ted

    ene

    rgy

    dis

    trib

    utio

    n f

    unct

    ion

    and f

    luxe

    s.

    Neutr

    als

    are

    genera

    ted

    via

    CX

    pro

    cess

    es

    with

    bulk

    and im

    purity

    ions.

    Carb

    on f

    oils

    (300

    Å)

    re-ioniz

    e t

    he n

    eutr

    als

    .

    Acc

    ele

    ratio

    npro

    vide b

    oost

    to in

    crease

    dete

    ctio

    n e

    ffic

    iency

    of

    low

    ene

    rgy

    neutr

    als

    and t

    o in

    crease

    sig

    nal t

    o n

    ois

    e

    ratio

    .

    Mom

    entu

    m s

    epa

    ratio

    n v

    ia B

    fie

    ldM

    ass

    separa

    tion v

    ia E

    fie

    ld.

    CX neutrals

    ions

    carbon

    stripping

    foilaccelerating HV

    magnet

    electrostatic

    plates

    H

    D

    TCsI (Tl) + PMT

    Pre-amplifiers

    ADCs

    CODAS/JPF

    plasma

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    18

    Fu

    sio

    n a

    lph

    a s

    ou

    rce

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    sF

    us

    ion

    alp

    ha

    so

    urc

    e d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    2.3

    . N

    eu

    tral P

    art

    icle

    An

    aly

    ser:

    2.3

    . N

    eu

    tral P

    art

    icle

    An

    aly

    ser:

    DD

    00a

    nd

    Ta

    nd

    T00

    dis

    trib

    uti

    on

    sd

    istr

    ibu

    tio

    ns

    Z = 0.28 m

    A

    B

    C

    D

    Low

    -energ

    y N

    PA

    measu

    res

    sim

    ulta

    neousl

    yth

    e e

    nerg

    y dis

    trib

    utio

    n funct

    ion o

    f neutr

    al H

    , D

    and T

    in the e

    nerg

    y ra

    nge 5

    –740 k

    eV

    .

    •D

    / T

    ratio

    measu

    rem

    en

    ts in

    the p

    lasm

    a c

    ore

    •IC

    RH

    heatin

    g e

    ffic

    iency

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    19

    Co

    nfi

    ned

    C

    on

    fin

    ed

    α αααα ααα-- p

    art

    icle

    p

    art

    icle

    dia

    gn

    osti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    osti

    cs

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    203.1

    . N

    eu

    tral P

    art

    icle

    An

    aly

    ser:

    3.1

    . N

    eu

    tral P

    art

    icle

    An

    aly

    ser:

    α αααα ααα

    -- pa

    rtic

    lep

    art

    icle

    me

    as

    ure

    me

    nts

    me

    as

    ure

    me

    nts

    R = 3.07 m

    A

    B

    C

    D

    High-Energy NPAmeasures the energy distribution function of neutral

    H, D, T, 3Heand4He in the energy range0.3 –4 MeV.

    Si-dete

    ctors

    will

    be in

    stalle

    dfo

    r bett

    er

    dis

    ting

    uis

    hin

    g D

    an

    d α

    ’s!

    NP

    A

    Co

    nfi

    ne

    d

    Co

    nfi

    ne

    d α αααα ααα

    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    21

    Co

    nfi

    ne

    d

    Co

    nfi

    ne

    d α αααα ααα

    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

    3.1

    . N

    eu

    tral P

    art

    icle

    An

    aly

    ser

    3.1

    . N

    eu

    tral P

    art

    icle

    An

    aly

    ser

    α αααα ααα-- p

    art

    icle

    part

    icle

    measu

    rem

    en

    t p

    rob

    lem

    measu

    rem

    en

    t p

    rob

    lem

    �4H

    e+

    +and D

    +ca

    n n

    ot

    be d

    istin

    guis

    hed b

    y N

    PA

    �4H

    e+

    and 4

    He

    ++

    ion f

    ract

    ions

    in t

    he C

    arb

    on s

    trip

    pin

    g f

    oil

    are

    equal

    in t

    he r

    ang

    e ~

    0.6

    –0.8

    MeV

    �D

    ete

    ctio

    n o

    f 4H

    e+

    inst

    ead o

    f 4H

    e+

    +is

    use

    d f

    or α

    -part

    icle

    measu

    rem

    ents

    for

    E <

    1 M

    eV

    �C

    sI(T

    l) s

    cintil

    lato

    rsw

    ill b

    e r

    epla

    ced b

    yS

    i-d

    ete

    ctor

    arr

    ay:

    hig

    h

    reso

    lutio

    n d

    ete

    ctio

    n o

    f 4H

    e+-io

    ns

    pro

    vid

    es

    relia

    ble

    He/D

    dis

    ting

    uis

    hin

    g

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    223.1

    . N

    eu

    tral P

    art

    icle

    An

    aly

    ser:

    3.1

    . N

    eu

    tral P

    art

    icle

    An

    aly

    ser:

    44H

    e a

    cc

    ele

    rati

    on

    ex

    pe

    rim

    en

    tsH

    e a

    cc

    ele

    rati

    on

    ex

    pe

    rim

    en

    ts

    02

    00

    400

    60

    080

    010

    2

    10

    3

    10

    4

    10

    5

    10

    6

    10

    7

    KR

    2

    Neutral flux, rel.un.

    4H

    e0 E

    nerg

    y, k

    eV

    KF

    1

    NB

    I4+

    NB

    I8

    # 7

    91

    71

    Hig

    h-E

    nerg

    y N

    PA

    (KF

    1)a

    nd

    Low

    -Energ

    y N

    PA

    (KR

    2)

    da

    ta a

    re n

    orm

    aliz

    ed

    at

    the

    ene

    rgy

    ~ 2

    00 k

    eV

    V.

    Afa

    na

    sie

    v, I

    off

    e

    4H

    e0

    neutr

    al h

    as

    been m

    easu

    red

    dete

    ctin

    g 4

    He

    +

    Co

    nfi

    ne

    d

    Co

    nfi

    ne

    d α αααα ααα

    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    233.2

    . G

    am

    ma

    3.2

    . G

    am

    ma

    -- ra

    y d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs:

    ray d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs: α αααα ααα

    -- pa

    rtic

    le m

    eas

    ure

    me

    nts

    pa

    rtic

    le m

    eas

    ure

    me

    nts

    99B

    e(

    Be( α αααα ααα

    ,n,nγ γγγγ γγγ

    ))12

    12C

    re

    acti

    on

    C

    reacti

    on

    12

    34

    56

    γ γγγ

    4.4

    4 M

    eV

    γ γγγ

    3.2

    1 M

    eV

    Cross section

    Alp

    ha-p

    art

    icle

    en

    ergy

    , MeV

    9B

    e+

    α→

    13C

    * →

    12C

    *→

    12C

    The n

    ucl

    ear

    react

    ion b

    etw

    een fast

    αand 9

    Be im

    purity

    leads

    to:

    �E

    xcita

    tion o

    f hig

    h-e

    nerg

    y le

    vels

    in 1

    3C

    *nucl

    eus

    �D

    e-e

    xcita

    tion b

    y em

    ittin

    g n

    eutr

    ons

    with

    popula

    tion o

    f th

    e

    low

    -lyi

    ng le

    vels

    in 1

    2C

    *

    �F

    urt

    her

    de-e

    xcita

    tion b

    y γ3

    .21 M

    eV

    and γ

    4.4

    4 M

    eV

    to the

    gro

    und s

    tate

    of

    12C

    nucl

    eus:

    •γ4

    .44 M

    eV

    (E

    leve

    l =4.4

    4 M

    eV

    ) are

    pro

    duce

    d

    by α

    ’s w

    ith E

    α>

    1.7

    MeV

    •γ3

    .21 M

    eV

    (E

    leve

    l =7.6

    5 M

    eV

    ) are

    pro

    duce

    d

    by α

    ’s w

    ith E

    α>

    4 M

    eV

    Q(

    9B

    e +

    α ααα -

    n ) =

    5.7

    0 M

    eV

    γn

    9B

    e +

    α ααα

    1

    3 C*

    12

    C*

    12 C

    n0n1

    γ γγγ

    0+

    7.6

    5

    1.7

    0

    γ γγγ

    n2

    15.1

    1

    Jπ πππ

    EL, M

    eV

    0+

    2+

    4.4

    4

    0

    Eα ααα, M

    eV

    13.

    76

    11

    .97

    10

    .65

    12C

    9B

    e +

    α ααα

    Be-c

    once

    ntr

    atio

    n p

    rofil

    eis

    needed f

    or

    abso

    lute

    me

    asu

    rem

    ents

    CX

    could

    pro

    vide 5

    -20

    % a

    ccura

    cy C

    on

    fin

    ed

    C

    on

    fin

    ed

    α αααα ααα-- p

    art

    icle

    p

    art

    icle

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    sd

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    243.2

    . G

    am

    ma

    3.2

    . G

    am

    ma

    -- ra

    y d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs:

    ray d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs:

    tt ra

    ce

    tri

    tiu

    m e

    xp

    eri

    me

    nts

    rac

    e t

    riti

    um

    ex

    pe

    rim

    en

    ts

    γ-ra

    y sp

    ect

    ra r

    eco

    rded w

    ith B

    GO

    Rela

    xatio

    n o

    f 4.4

    4-M

    eV

    γ-r

    ay

    inte

    nsi

    ty a

    fte

    r th

    e T

    -blip

    was

    measu

    red.

    Tim

    eT

    ime

    -- reso

    luti

    on

    ~ 5

    0 m

    s i

    s r

    eq

    uir

    ed

    reso

    luti

    on

    ~ 5

    0 m

    s i

    s r

    eq

    uir

    ed

    Kip

    tily

    et a

    l., P

    RL 9

    3 (

    2004)

    115001

    Rela

    xatio

    n o

    f 4.4

    4-M

    eV

    γ-r

    ay

    em

    issi

    on

    and d

    ensi

    ty o

    f fa

    st a

    lphas

    (E>

    1.7

    MeV

    ) dependin

    g o

    n t

    he v

    alu

    e o

    f S

    pitz

    er

    slow

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    ow

    n t

    ime

    Yavo

    rski

    j et al N

    F50

    (2010)

    025002

    9B

    e(α

    ,nγ)

    12C

    γ4.4

    4 M

    eV

    Tim

    e (

    s)

    JG04.186-2c

    0

    0.2

    0.4

    0.6

    0.8

    1.0

    1.2 0

    .51.0

    1.5

    2.0

    2.5

    4.44-

    MeV g

    am

    ma-r

    ays:

    Pul

    se N

    o.61

    044

    Pul

    se N

    o.61

    048

    DT-n

    eutron r

    ate

    T-b

    lip

    Normalised intensity, a.u.

    1-D

    Fokker-

    Pla

    nck m

    odelli

    ng

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    ld p

    las

    ma

    Ho

    t p

    las

    ma

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    nfi

    ne

    d

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    nfi

    ne

    d α αααα ααα

    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    253.2

    .3.2

    .G

    am

    ma

    Gam

    ma

    -- ra

    y d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs:

    ray d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs:

    sp

    ec

    tro

    mete

    rss

    pe

    ctr

    om

    ete

    rs

    BG

    O,

    LaB

    r 3,

    NaI(

    Tl)

    :N

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    PH

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    Quasi

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    atio

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    ≈14%

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    ctio

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    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    263.2

    . G

    am

    ma

    3.2

    . G

    am

    ma

    -- ra

    y d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs:

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    no

    sti

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    rtic

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    tro

    n A

    tte

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    need

    ed

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    need

    ed

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    y b

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    ato

    rs:

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    tte

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    ato

    rs:

    poly

    eth

    ylene f

    or

    DD

    and

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    for

    DT

    measu

    rem

    ents

    w

    ill b

    e u

    sed

    (a)

    Concrete

    shielding

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    Coils

    Horizontal

    diagnostic

    port

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    diagnostic port

    Support structure

    and radiation shielding

    Divertor region

    Roof

    laboratory

    JG09.419-3a

    Hp

    Ge

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    Ge

    La

    Br

    La

    Br 33

    Na

    I(T

    l)N

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    Tl)

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    tro

    n

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    tro

    n

    att

    en

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    tors

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    en

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    ders

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    ders

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    ete

    rs

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    ine

    Co

    nfi

    ne

    d

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    nfi

    ne

    d α αααα ααα

    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    27

    Co

    nfi

    ne

    d

    Co

    nfi

    ne

    d α αααα ααα

    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

    3.2

    . G

    am

    ma

    3.2

    . G

    am

    ma

    -- ra

    y d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs:

    ray d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs:

    44H

    e a

    ccele

    rati

    on

    exp

    eri

    men

    tsH

    e a

    ccele

    rati

    on

    exp

    eri

    men

    ts

    200

    400

    600

    800

    100

    01

    200

    1400

    160

    01

    800

    2000

    050

    100

    150

    200

    250

    300

    350

    400

    12C

    (d,pγ)

    13C

    9 Be(α,nγ)

    12 C

    3.08

    9 M

    eV

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    9 M

    eV

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    nnel

    nu

    mb

    er

    170

    017

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    1800

    1850

    2040609 B

    e(α

    ,nγ)

    12C

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    39 M

    eV

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    el n

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    y

    ray s

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    r:

    ete

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    ple

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    roa

    den

    ing

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    op

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    roa

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    4H

    e-b

    eam

    ions

    was

    acc

    ele

    rate

    d

    by

    ICR

    F in

    the 4

    He-p

    lasm

    a

    The D

    opple

    r bro

    adenin

    g d

    ue to

    nucl

    ear

    react

    ions

    betw

    een 4

    He

    and

    Be im

    purity

    has

    been

    measu

    red for

    ass

    ess

    ment

    of

    effect

    ive “

    tem

    pera

    ture

    ” <

    T4

    He>

    :

    ∆E

    γ≈

    Eγ0

    (VR/c

    ) co

    s θ

    Kip

    tily

    et al N

    F50

    (2010)

    084001

    VR

    –re

    coil

    velo

    city

    whic

    h is

    depend o

    n the 4

    He-ion

    velo

    city

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    283.2

    . G

    am

    ma

    3.2

    . G

    am

    ma

    -- ra

    y d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs:

    ray d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs:

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    tro

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    tte

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    on

    neu

    tro

    n a

    tte

    nu

    ati

    on

    D 1

    .7M

    eV

    4H

    e 3

    .5 M

    eV

    Chugunov

    et al I

    nst

    rum

    . and E

    xp. T

    ech

    niq

    ues

    51

    (2008)

    166

    JET

    6LiH

    -attenuato

    r∅

    30 x

    300 m

    m

    Kip

    tily

    et al T

    ech

    Ph

    ys 4

    3 (

    1998)

    471

    Co

    nfi

    ne

    d

    Co

    nfi

    ne

    d α αααα ααα

    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

    Neu

    tro

    n a

    tten

    uati

    on

    is

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    tro

    n a

    tten

    uati

    on

    is a

    key i

    ssu

    ea k

    ey i

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    efo

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    en

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    f fo

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    en

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    n D

    T

    6LiH

    base

    d n

    eu

    tron a

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    eff

    icie

    nt

    one

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    293.2

    . G

    am

    ma

    3.2

    . G

    am

    ma

    -- ra

    y d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs:

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    no

    sti

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    tro

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    tte

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    ati

    on

    D,

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    res

    on

    an

    ce

    D 1

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    eV

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    e 3

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    eV

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    00

    400

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    000

    80

    00

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    00

    10

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    0

    100

    0

    Counts per Channel

    Energ

    y, k

    eV

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    00

    400

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    000

    80

    00

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    00

    0

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    0

    20

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    Counts per Channel

    Tangentia

    l BG

    O-d

    ete

    ctor

    with

    PE

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    r

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    on-induce

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    back

    gro

    und

    Vert

    ical B

    GO

    -dete

    ctor

    with

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    attenuato

    r

    Te

    st o

    f

    Te

    st o

    f 66

    LiH

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    ne

    utr

    on a

    tte

    nu

    ato

    r on

    JE

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    eu

    tro

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    ato

    r on

    JE

    T

    Chugunov

    et al I

    nst

    rum

    . and E

    xp T

    ech

    niq

    ues

    51

    (2008)

    166

    <=

    R

    efe

    rence

    spect

    rum

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    sure

    ments

    Neutr

    on-i

    nd

    uce

    d g

    am

    mas

    in t

    he r

    ange

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    3 M

    eV

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    ela

    stic

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    ear

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    ering in

    dete

    ctor)

    suppre

    ssed w

    ith 6

    LiH

    att

    enuato

    rby

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    act

    or

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    100

    Gam

    ma-r

    ays

    with

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    3 M

    eV

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    att

    enuato

    r by

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    act

    or

    of

    ≈2

    Co

    nfi

    ne

    d

    Co

    nfi

    ne

    d α αααα ααα

    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    303.2

    . G

    am

    ma

    3.2

    . G

    am

    ma

    -- ra

    y d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs:

    ray d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs:

    tan

    de

    m c

    ollim

    ato

    rs f

    or

    BG

    Ota

    nd

    em

    co

    llim

    ato

    rs f

    or

    BG

    O

    Sig

    na

    l-to

    -back

    gro

    un

    d im

    pro

    vem

    ent

    as

    a f

    irst

    sta

    ge in

    the p

    repara

    tion t

    o D

    TE

    2

    BG

    OB

    GO

    -- sp

    ectr

    om

    ete

    r w

    as a

    lread

    y u

    sed

    fo

    r sp

    ectr

    om

    ete

    r w

    as a

    lread

    y u

    sed

    fo

    r α αααα ααα

    ––p

    art

    icle

    part

    icle

    me

    asu

    rem

    en

    ts

    me

    asu

    rem

    en

    ts i

    n T

    TE

    in T

    TE

    Co

    nfi

    ne

    d

    Co

    nfi

    ne

    d α αααα ααα

    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    313.2

    . G

    am

    ma

    3.2

    . G

    am

    ma

    -- ra

    y d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs:

    ray d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs:

    tan

    de

    m c

    ollim

    ato

    rs f

    or

    BG

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    nd

    em

    co

    llim

    ato

    rs f

    or

    BG

    O

    Top v

    iew

    Co

    nfi

    ne

    d

    Co

    nfi

    ne

    d α αααα ααα

    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

    Adva

    nce

    d n

    eutr

    on s

    hie

    ldin

    g o

    f th

    e B

    GO

    -

    dete

    ctor

    is a

    pro

    pose

    d n

    ext

    sta

    ge

    :

    signal-to

    -back

    gro

    und im

    pro

    vem

    en

    t fo

    -

    part

    icle

    measu

    rem

    ents

    in D

    TE

    2

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

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    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    32

    gap 63041 5

    .000000

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    m)

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    x10 m

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    LCI

    gah 63041 7

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    2.0

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    R (

    m)

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    x10 m

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    LCI

    Tom

    ogra

    phic

    reco

    nst

    ruct

    ions

    of

    pro

    files

    measu

    red in

    diff

    ere

    nt

    q-p

    rofil

    e p

    hase

    sof

    the o

    ptim

    ised

    shear

    pla

    sma d

    isch

    arg

    e.

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    on

    oto

    nic

    q-p

    rofil

    e w

    as

    sett

    led d

    ow

    n a

    fte

    r sa

    wto

    oth

    crash

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    onoto

    nic

    q-p

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    onoto

    nic

    q-p

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    Kip

    tily

    et al N

    F45

    (2005)

    L21

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    ne

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    -- pa

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    gn

    os

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    ect

    of

    mag

    neti

    c f

    ield

    to

    po

    log

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    n

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    ect

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    mag

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    c f

    ield

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    po

    log

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    -m

    on

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    nic

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    r/ar/a

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    t/RBp

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    333.2

    .

    3.2

    . γγ

    -- ra

    y e

    mis

    sio

    n p

    rofi

    le:

    ray e

    mis

    sio

    n p

    rofi

    le: α αααα ααα

    -- pa

    rtic

    le r

    ed

    istr

    ibu

    tio

    n m

    eas

    ure

    me

    nts

    pa

    rtic

    le r

    ed

    istr

    ibu

    tio

    n m

    eas

    ure

    me

    nts

    VVe

    rtic

    al C

    am

    era

    e

    rtic

    al C

    am

    era

    ca

    n b

    e u

    se

    d f

    or

    ca

    n b

    e u

    se

    d f

    or γγ-- r

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    em

    iss

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    file

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    iss

    ion

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    file

    in D

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    ith

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    up

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    bly

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    bly

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    he c

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    th

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    rtic

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    nfi

    ne

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    d α αααα ααα

    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

    7-1

    0 S

    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    34

    Escap

    ed

    E

    scap

    ed

    α αααα ααα-- p

    art

    icle

    p

    art

    icle

    dia

    gn

    osti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    osti

    cs

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

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    ep 2

    011, A

    ust

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    exa

    s, U

    SA

    35

    Wh

    at

    to s

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    ntil

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    icle

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    e

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    nom

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    loss

    es

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    ng

    le s

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    er,

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    ple

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    eff

    ect

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    ca

    pe

    d

    Es

    ca

    pe

    d α αααα ααα

    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

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    s, U

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    364.1

    . S

    cin

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    e:

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    . S

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    ntil

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    el S

    . et al R

    SI 75

    (2004)

    3563

    Es

    ca

    pe

    d

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    pe

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    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

    yste

    ms,

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    0 S

    ep 2

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    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    374.1

    . S

    cin

    tillato

    r p

    rob

    e:

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    . S

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    r p

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    e:

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    ncip

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    es

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    pe

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    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

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    s, U

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    38

    Es

    ca

    pe

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    pe

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    -- pa

    rtic

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    dia

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    4.1

    . S

    cin

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    e:

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    r p

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    cts

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    ius

    from

    3 c

    mto

    14 c

    m

    pitc

    h-a

    ngle

    fro

    m35

    0 to

    85

    0

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

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    s, U

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    394.1

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    cin

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    e:

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    . S

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    r p

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    e:

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    fibre

    bundle

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    rote

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    ea

    ted (

    up

    to

    200

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    ho

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    or

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    re D

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    y nucl

    ea

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    pe

    d

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    ca

    pe

    d α αααα ααα

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    rtic

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    dia

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    W-c

    oate

    d g

    raphite

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

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    ep 2

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    ust

    in, T

    exa

    s, U

    SA

    404.1

    . S

    cin

    tillato

    r p

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    e:

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    . S

    cin

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    e:

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    t o

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    rem

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    11-- M

    eV

    M

    eV

    tri

    ton

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    ito

    ns

    an

    d 3

    an

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    -- MeV

    M

    eV

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    ton

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    )=2

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    )=1

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    Pitch

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    ca

    pe

    d

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    ca

    pe

    d α αααα ααα

    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

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    no

    sti

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    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

    Dis

    charg

    e 2

    .7T

    / 1

    .8 M

    AD

    isch

    arg

    e2.7

    T /

    2.5

    MA

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

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    ms,

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    ep 2

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    exa

    s, U

    SA

    414.2

    . 4.2

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    llecto

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    icle

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    llecto

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    da

    y c

    up

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    n J

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    da

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    l’s p

    ost

    er)

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    ow

    D. et al R

    SI 75

    (2004)

    3566

    Es

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    pe

    d

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    ca

    pe

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    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

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    ep 2

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    exa

    s, U

    SA

    424.2

    . 4.2

    . α αααα ααα

    -- part

    icle

    co

    llecto

    rs:

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    icle

    co

    llecto

    rs:

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    da

    y c

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    ion

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    da

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    up

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    ion

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    sma

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    ylon

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    day

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    s

    15°

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    mo

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    ess

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    ne

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    Pyl

    ons”

    will

    mount

    on b

    ea

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    idal r

    eso

    lutio

    n•

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    pyl

    on c

    an c

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    p t

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    ara

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    odule

    s –

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    n

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    ngle

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    lutio

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    o

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    o

    tan(θ

    po

    l)=(Z

    -Z0)/

    (R-R

    0)

    R0=

    2.9

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    0=

    0

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    ca

    pe

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    pe

    d α αααα ααα

    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

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    no

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    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

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    ms,

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    exa

    s, U

    SA

    434.2

    . 4.2

    . α αααα ααα

    -- part

    icle

    co

    llecto

    rs:

    part

    icle

    co

    llecto

    rs:

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    da

    y c

    up

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    bly

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    da

    y c

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    em

    bly

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    oil

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    a

    Sta

    ck o

    f alte

    rnatin

    g N

    i foils

    and m

    ica in

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    ting s

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    l blo

    ck a

    nd

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    ora

    ted c

    ove

    r to

    adm

    it

    ions.

    Es

    ca

    pe

    d

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    ca

    pe

    d α αααα ααα

    -- pa

    rtic

    le

    pa

    rtic

    le d

    iag

    no

    sti

    cs

    dia

    gn

    os

    tic

    s

  • 12th

    IA

    EA

    Tech

    nic

    al M

    eetin

    g o

    n E

    nerg

    etic

    Part

    icle

    s in

    Magnetic

    Confin

    em

    ent S

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    ep 2

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    exa

    s, U

    SA

    444.2

    . 4.2

    . α αααα ααα

    -- part

    icle

    co

    llecto

    rs:

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    icle

    co

    llecto

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    da

    y c

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    y r

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    on

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    en

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    on

    ion

    s

    Th

    in

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    .5µ

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    es

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    y dis

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    )

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    ce:

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    to a

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    UV

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    back

    gro