Development of Diagnostics for particles in JET Tritium...
Transcript of Development of Diagnostics for particles in JET Tritium...
-
CC
FE
is the f
usi
on r
ese
arc
h a
rm o
f th
e U
nit
ed
Kin
gd
om
Ato
mic
En
erg
y A
uth
ori
ty
Dev
elo
pm
en
t o
f D
iag
no
sti
cs
fo
r D
ev
elo
pm
en
t o
f D
iag
no
sti
cs
fo
r
Fu
sio
n
Fu
sio
n α αααα ααα
-- part
icle
s i
n J
ET
p
art
icle
s i
n J
ET
Deu
teri
um
Deu
teri
um
-- Tri
tiu
m E
xp
eri
me
nts
Tri
tiu
m E
xp
eri
me
nts
V.G
. K
iptil
yV
.G.
Kip
tily
an
d J
ET
EF
DA
co
ntr
ibu
tors
an
d J
ET
EF
DA
co
ntr
ibu
tors
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
2
Ac
kn
ow
led
ge
me
nts
Ac
kn
ow
led
ge
me
nts
F.E
. C
eci
l,F
.E. C
eci
l,11P
. P
. B
eaum
ont,
Beaum
ont,
22F
. B
elli
,F
. B
elli
,33S
. C
onro
y,S
. C
onro
y,4
,54
,5T
. C
raci
unesc
u,
T. C
raci
unesc
u,66
M. G
arc
iaM
. G
arc
ia-- M
unoz,
Munoz,
77M
. C
uru
ia,
M.
Curu
ia,88
D.
Darr
ow
,D
. D
arr
ow
,99R
.Elli
s,R
.Elli
s,99
G. E
rics
son,
G. E
rics
son,55
L. G
iaco
melli
,L. G
iaco
melli
,4,1
04
,10
G. G
orini,
G. G
orini,1
0,1
110
,11
T. E
dlin
gto
n,
T. E
dlin
gto
n,22
I. L
engar,
I. L
engar,
12
12
A.
Mura
ri,
A.
Mura
ri,1
313
C.
Pere
z V
on T
hun,
C.
Pere
z V
on T
hun,77
S.D
. P
inch
es,
S.D
. P
inch
es,
22S
. P
opovi
chev,
S.
Popovi
chev,
22M
. R
iva,
M.
Riv
a,3
3
M. S
anta
la,
M. S
anta
la,1
414
S.E
. S
hara
pov,
S.E
. S
hara
pov,
22A
. S
heve
lev,
A. S
heve
lev,
15
15
S.
Soare
,S
. S
oare
,88J.
Sousa
,J.
Sousa
,16
16 D
.B. S
yme,
D.B
. S
yme,22
M. T
ard
occ
hi,
M. T
ard
occ
hi,1
111
V.L
. Z
oita
V.L
. Z
oita
6,1
76
,17
and J
ET
and J
ET
-- EF
DA
contr
ibuto
rsE
FD
A c
ontr
ibuto
rs**
11C
olo
rado S
chool o
f M
ines,
1500 Illi
nois
Str
eet, G
old
en, C
olo
rad
Colo
rado S
chool o
f M
ines,
1500 Illi
nois
Str
eet, G
old
en, C
olo
rad
o, U
SA
o, U
SA
22E
UR
AT
OM
/ C
CF
E A
ssoci
atio
n,
EU
RA
TO
M / C
CF
E A
ssoci
atio
n,
Culh
am
Culh
am
Sci
ence
Centr
e, A
bin
gdon,
Unite
d K
ingdom
Sci
ence
Centr
e, A
bin
gdon,
Unite
d K
ingdom
33A
ssoci
azi
one E
UR
AT
OM
Ass
oci
azi
one E
UR
AT
OM
-- EN
EA
sulla
Fusi
one, C
.R. F
rasc
ati,
C.P
. 65, F
rasc
ati,
Ita
lyE
NE
A s
ulla
Fusi
one, C
.R. F
rasc
ati,
C.P
. 65, F
rasc
ati,
Ita
ly44
JET
JET
-- EF
DA
, E
FD
A,
Culh
am
Culh
am
Sci
ence
Centr
e, A
bin
gdon, U
nite
d K
ingdom
Sci
ence
Centr
e, A
bin
gdon, U
nite
d K
ingdom
55D
epart
ment of
Phys
ics
and A
stro
nom
y, U
ppsa
la U
niv
ers
ity,
BO
X 5
1D
epart
ment of
Phys
ics
and A
stro
nom
y, U
ppsa
la U
niv
ers
ity,
BO
X 5
16,
Uppsa
la,
Sw
eden
6,
Uppsa
la,
Sw
eden
6
6 A
ssoci
atio
n E
UR
AT
OM
Ass
oci
atio
n E
UR
AT
OM
-- ME
dC
ME
dC
, N
atio
nal I
nst
itute
for
Lase
r, P
lasm
a a
nd R
adia
tion P
hys
ics,
Ro
, N
atio
nal I
nst
itute
for
Lase
r, P
lasm
a a
nd R
adia
tion P
hys
ics,
Ro
mania
mania
77M
ax
Max --
Pla
nck
Pla
nck
-- Inst
itut
Inst
itut
f¨ur
f¨ur
Pla
smaphys
ikP
lasm
aphys
ik, E
UR
AT
OM
, E
UR
AT
OM
-- Ass
oci
atio
n IP
P,
Ass
oci
atio
n IP
P,
Garc
hin
gG
arc
hin
g,
D,
D-- 8
5748, G
erm
any
85748, G
erm
any
88A
ssoci
atio
n E
UR
AT
OM
Ass
oci
atio
n E
UR
AT
OM
-- ME
dC
ME
dC
, T
he N
atio
nal I
nst
itute
for
Cry
ogenic
s and Iso
topic
Tech
nolo
gy,
, T
he N
atio
nal I
nst
itute
for
Cry
ogenic
s and Iso
topic
Tech
nolo
gy,
Rom
ania
Rom
ania
99P
rince
ton P
lasm
a P
hys
ics
Labora
tory
, P
rince
ton,
New
Jers
ey,
US
AP
rince
ton P
lasm
a P
hys
ics
Labora
tory
, P
rince
ton,
New
Jers
ey,
US
A1
01
0C
NIS
M, D
ipart
imento
di F
isic
a, U
niv
ers
ita M
ilano
CN
ISM
, D
ipart
imento
di F
isic
a, U
niv
ers
ita M
ilano
-- Bic
occ
a, M
ilano, Italy
Bic
occ
a, M
ilano, Italy
11
11
Ass
oci
azi
one E
UR
AT
OM
Ass
oci
azi
one E
UR
AT
OM
-- EN
EA
sulla
Fusi
one, IF
P M
ilano, Italy
EN
EA
sulla
Fusi
one, IF
P M
ilano, Italy
12
12
Ass
oci
atio
n E
UR
AT
OM
Ass
oci
atio
n E
UR
AT
OM
-- MH
ST
, R
eact
or
Phys
ics,
Depart
ment, L
jublja
na, S
love
nia
MH
ST
, R
eact
or
Phys
ics,
Depart
ment, L
jublja
na, S
love
nia
13
13
Conso
rzio
RF
X
Conso
rzio
RF
X --
Ass
oci
azi
one E
UR
AT
OM
Ass
oci
azi
one E
UR
AT
OM
-- EN
EA
sulla
Fusi
one, Italy
EN
EA
sulla
Fusi
one, Italy
14
14
Ass
oci
atio
n
Ass
oci
atio
n E
ura
tom
Eura
tom
-- Teke
sT
eke
s , H
els
inki
Univ
. of T
ech
nolo
gy,
, H
els
inki
Univ
. of T
ech
nolo
gy,
P.O
.Box
P.O
.Box
2200, F
IN2200, F
IN-- 0
2015 H
UT
, F
inla
nd
02015 H
UT
, F
inla
nd
15
15
A.F
. A
.F.
Ioffe
Ioffe
Inst
itute
, R
uss
ian A
cadem
y of
Sci
ence
s, S
t. P
ete
rsburg
, R
uss
iaIn
stitu
te, R
uss
ian A
cadem
y of
Sci
ence
s, S
t. P
ete
rsburg
, R
uss
ia1
61
6A
ssoci
açã
oA
ssoci
açã
oE
UR
AT
OM
/IS
T,
EU
RA
TO
M/IS
T,
Inst
ituto
Inst
ituto
de P
lasm
as
e
de P
lasm
as
e F
usã
oF
usã
oN
ucl
ear,
Lis
bon, P
ort
ugal
Nucl
ear,
Lis
bon, P
ort
ugal
17
17
EF
DA
Clo
se S
upport
Unit,
E
FD
A C
lose
Support
Unit,
Culh
am
Culh
am
Sci
ence
Centr
e,
Sci
ence
Centr
e,
Culh
am
Culh
am
, O
X14 3
DB
, U
K, O
X14 3
DB
, U
K
**S
ee the A
ppendix
of F
. S
ee the A
ppendix
of F
. R
om
anelli
Rom
anelli
et al.,
Pro
ceedin
gs
of th
e 2
3rd
IA
EA
Fusi
on E
nerg
y C
onfe
rence
et al.,
Pro
ceedin
gs
of th
e 2
3rd
IA
EA
Fusi
on E
nerg
y C
onfe
rence
2010,
2010,
Daeje
on
Daeje
on
, K
ore
a, K
ore
a
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
3
Co
nte
nts
Co
nte
nts
1.
1.
Intr
oduct
ion
Intr
oduct
ion
Wh
at d
o w
e w
an
t to
mea
sure
?
2.
2.
Fusi
on
Fusi
on α αααα ααα
-- part
icle
part
icle
sourc
eso
urc
edia
gn
ost
ics
dia
gn
ost
ics
2.1
N
eu
tro
n a
nd
γ γγγ-r
ay
em
issi
on p
rofil
es
2.2
N
eu
tro
n s
pect
rom
etr
y
3.
3.
Co
nfin
ed
Co
nfin
ed α αααα ααα
-- part
icle
part
icle
dia
gn
ost
ics
dia
gn
ost
ics
3.1
γ γγγ-r
ay
dia
gn
ost
ics
3.2
N
eu
tra
l Pa
rtic
le A
na
lyse
rs
4.
4.
Esc
ap
ed
Esc
ap
edα αααα ααα
-- part
icle
part
icle
dia
gn
ost
ics
dia
gn
ost
ics
4.1
S
cin
tilla
tor
Pro
be
4.2
α
-part
icle
co
llect
ors
5.
5.
Sum
mary
Sum
mary
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
4
Intr
od
uc
tio
nIn
tro
du
cti
on
Wh
at
do
we w
an
t to
measu
re?
Wh
at
do
we w
an
t to
measu
re?
Fu
sio
n r
eac
tio
n r
ate
:F
us
ion
re
ac
tio
n r
ate
:
Neutr
on a
ndγ γγγ-
ray
dia
gnost
ics
Sp
ati
al
Sp
ati
al α αααα ααα
-- part
icle
dis
trib
uti
on
/ r
ed
istr
ibu
tio
n e
ffe
cts
:p
art
icle
dis
trib
uti
on
/ r
ed
istr
ibu
tio
n e
ffe
cts
:
Neutr
on a
ndγ γγγ-
ray
dia
gnost
ics
α αααα ααα-- p
art
icle
pa
rtic
leee
ne
rgy d
istr
ibu
tio
ns:
ne
rgy d
istr
ibu
tio
ns:
γ γγγ-ra
y and n
eutr
on s
pect
rom
etr
y, n
eutr
al p
art
icle
ana
lyse
r
α αααα ααα-- p
art
icle
pa
rtic
lesslo
win
g d
ow
n
low
ing
do
wn
&c
on
fin
em
en
t:c
on
fin
em
en
t:
γ γγγ-ra
y dia
gnost
ics
α αααα ααα-- p
art
icle
lo
ss
es:
pa
rtic
le lo
ss
es:
Sci
ntil
lato
r P
robe,
Fara
da
y C
ups
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
5
Intr
od
uc
tio
nIn
tro
du
cti
on
DD-- T
fu
sio
n p
ow
er
pro
gre
ss i
n J
ET
T f
usio
n p
ow
er
pro
gre
ss i
n J
ET
�1991 –
JET
JET
–1.7
MW
(10%
T; 10M
W h
eatin
g)
�1997 –
JET
JET
–16M
W (
50%
T; 22M
W h
eatin
g)
��201
x201
xJE
TJE
Tup t
o 2
0M
W (
50%
T;
35M
W h
eatin
g,
Be-w
all)
A p
oss
ible
sch
edule
for
DT
exp
erim
ent
H. W
eis
en
one y
ear
cam
paig
n
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
6
Intr
od
uc
tio
nIn
tro
du
cti
on
Main
go
als
of
the n
ext
DT
exp
eri
men
ts:
Main
go
als
of
the n
ext
DT
exp
eri
men
ts:
•F
ue
l re
ten
tion, m
ate
ria
l ero
sio
n, m
igra
tion
an
d d
ust
(co
nta
inin
gT
)
with
IT
ER
ITE
R-- l
ike
wa
lllik
e w
all
(Be-t
iles)
•A
ssess
men
t o
f is
oto
pe
mass
effect
s on
:
-acc
ess
to
H-m
od
e
-
ed
ge
pe
dest
al c
hara
cteri
stic
s, E
LM
sa
nd
th
eir m
itig
atio
n.
-
“hyb
rid
” sc
en
ari
os
••T
est
of IC
RF
sce
nari
os
for
he
atin
g o
f D
T p
lasm
as
Te
st o
f IC
RF
sce
nari
os
for
he
atin
g o
f D
T p
lasm
as
(see K
aza
kov’
spost
er)
••S
tud
y o
f a
lpha
part
icle
be
ha
vio
ur.
Stu
dy
of a
lpha
part
icle
be
ha
vio
ur.
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
7
Intr
od
uc
tio
nIn
tro
du
cti
on
Ab
ou
t A
bo
ut
90
90
dia
gn
os
tics
on
JE
T,
dia
gn
os
tics
on
JE
T, 99
will b
e d
isc
uss
ed
he
re
will b
e d
isc
uss
ed
he
re
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
8
Fu
sio
n a
lph
a s
ou
rce
Fu
sio
n a
lph
a s
ou
rce
dia
gn
osti
cs
dia
gn
osti
cs
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
9
Fu
sio
n a
lph
aF
us
ion
alp
ha
-- pa
rtic
le s
ou
rce
pa
rtic
le s
ou
rce
α αααα ααα-- p
art
icle
so
urc
ep
art
icle
so
urc
eca
n b
e m
easu
red
by
means
of
dete
ctio
n o
f n
eu
tro
ns
neu
tro
ns
fro
m
D+
T =
D
+T
= α αααα ααα
+
+ nn
react
ion
or
with
gam
mas
gam
mas
fro
m r
adia
tion c
aptu
re f
usi
on r
eact
ions
–a b
ranch
of
the m
ain
fusi
on
react
ions
D +
T
D +
T →→
55H
e +
H
e +
γγand D
+
D +
33H
e
He
→→55L
i +
L
i +
γγ
The b
ranch
ing r
atio
is s
mall:
Neve
rthele
ss,
the γ
-ra
y p
rofil
e m
easu
rem
ents
are
feasi
ble
for
the I
TE
R-lik
e r
eact
ors
.
()
()
()
()
51
05
−×
≈+
≈+
pn
ασ
γσ
ασ
γσ
24
68
10
12
1416
18
20
100
101
102
103
D(3
He
,γ)5
Li
2p
1/2
2p
3/2
#72
63
1, D
-NB
I
#73
20
6, 3
He-m
ino
rity
dN /dE
E(M
eV
)
The g
am
ma
-ra
y sp
ect
ra r
eco
rded
in t
he J
ET
dis
charg
e w
ith 3
He-m
inority
heatin
g o
f th
e D
-pla
sma
and N
BI
heatin
g
2 b
road
peaks
a
re r
ela
ted t
o D
+ 3
He →
5Li +
γre
act
ion
with
diff
ere
nt
final s
tate
s in
5Li n
ucl
eus.
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
10
Fu
sio
n a
lph
a s
ou
rce
dia
gn
os
tic
sF
us
ion
alp
ha
so
urc
e d
iag
no
sti
cs
2.1
. 2.1
. N
eu
tro
n /
Neu
tro
n / γγ
-- ra
yra
yem
issio
n p
rofi
les
em
issio
n p
rofi
les
JG01.405-1c
Vert
ical cam
era
Dete
cto
r box
Dete
cto
r
box
Rem
ote
ly
contr
olle
d
colli
mato
rs
#19
#19
#10
#10
#1
#11
#11
#1
Horizonta
l
cam
era
4450
34456055 7
620
Tw
o c
am
era
sT
wo c
am
era
s
Vert
ical:
9
lines-
of-
sight
Horizo
nta
l: 1
0lin
es-
of-
sight
Fan-s
haped a
rra
y o
f re
mo
tely
adju
stable
colli
mato
rs
with
tw
o a
pert
ure
s (Ø
10
& 2
1 m
m)
for
a b
road
dyn
am
ic r
ange o
f neutr
on r
ate
Space
reso
lutio
n:
~8
(o
r ~
15)c
m (
in t
he c
entr
e)
Dete
ctors
:
-N
E213
liquid
sci
ntil
lato
rs (
2.5
& 1
4 M
eV
)
-B
icro
n-4
18
pla
stic
scin
tilla
tors
(14 M
eV
)
-C
sI(T
l)pho
to-d
iodes
(ha
rdX
-ra
ysand γ
-ra
ys)
Dete
ctors
are
abso
lute
ly c
alib
rate
d
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
11
Fu
sio
n a
lph
a s
ou
rce
dia
gn
os
tic
sF
us
ion
alp
ha
so
urc
e d
iag
no
sti
cs
Off-a
xis
T-b
eam
ne(0
)≈1.8
x10
-19
m-3
2.1
. 2.1
. N
eu
tro
n e
mis
sio
n p
rofi
les:
Neu
tro
n e
mis
sio
n p
rofi
les:
tra
ce
tri
tiu
m e
xp
eri
men
tstr
ac
e t
riti
um
ex
pe
rim
en
ts
kip
61046 2
2.6
20000
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
R (
m)
Z (m)
x10 m
s
15
-3-1
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
LCI
More
α-s
ourc
e d
ata
inhttp://u
sers
.jet.efd
a.o
rg/p
ages/
dt-
task
-forc
e/p
ages/
TT
E_A
lphaS
ourc
es_
Kip
tily/
Alp
haS
ourc
es_
Table
.htm
3T
/1M
A2.2
T/2
MA
3T
/1M
A
14
14
-- MeV
ne
utr
on
M
eV
ne
utr
on
pro
file
pro
file
measu
rem
en
ts i
n t
he
m
easu
rem
en
ts i
n t
he
mo
no
ton
ic c
urr
en
tm
on
oto
nic
cu
rre
nt
dis
ch
arg
es
d
isch
arg
es
wit
h
wit
h TT
-- NB
IN
BI
bli
ps
bli
ps
On-a
xis
T-b
eam
ne(0
)≈4.4
x10
-19
m-3
Off-a
xis
T-b
eam
ne(0
)≈1.8
x10
-19
m-3
Off-a
xis
T-b
eam
ne(0
)≈4.5
x10
-19
m-3
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
12
Fu
sio
n a
lph
a s
ou
rce
dia
gn
os
tic
sF
us
ion
alp
ha
so
urc
e d
iag
no
sti
cs
2.1
. 2.1
. N
eu
tro
n /
Neu
tro
n / γγ
-- ra
yra
yem
issio
n p
rofi
les:
em
issio
n p
rofi
les:
cam
era
s i
mp
rovem
en
tscam
era
s i
mp
rovem
en
ts
�F
ast
dig
ital D
ata
Acq
uis
ition s
yste
m(D
AQ
) fo
r N
E213-
and C
sI-d
ete
ctor
arr
ays
base
d o
n F
PG
A*
�dig
ital n
-γse
para
tion
repla
ced t
he P
uls
e-S
hape D
iscr
imin
ato
rs f
or
NE
213
�fa
stP
uls
e H
eig
ht
Analy
sis
(PH
A)
for
CsI
-dete
ctors
; re
cord
ing s
pect
ra (
old
sy
stem
: 4 e
nerg
y w
ind
ow
s on
ly!)
; h
igh c
ount-
rate
�dig
ital a
nti
pile
-up s
yste
m
�R
em
ova
ble
ne
utr
on a
ttenuato
rs(H
2O
) in
stalle
d f
or
γ-ra
y pro
file
measu
rem
ents
: S
igna
l/Back
gro
und r
atio
impro
vem
ent
�F
usi
on y
ield
measu
rem
ents
�C
alib
ratio
nof
neutr
on
counte
rs w
ith 2
52C
f so
urc
e
-2012
: acc
ura
cy ~
10
% o
r bett
er
�C
alib
ratio
n o
f n
eutr
on
counte
rsw
ith a
DT
neutr
on g
enera
tor
is p
lanned b
efo
re D
T
cam
paig
n:
goal i
s 10%
acc
ura
cy
*A
Fie
ld-p
rogra
mm
able
Gate
Arr
ay
is a
n in
tegra
ted c
ircu
it desi
gned to b
e c
onfig
ure
d b
y th
e c
ust
om
er
aft
er
manufa
cturing
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
13
Fu
sio
n a
lph
a s
ou
rce
dia
gn
os
tic
sF
us
ion
alp
ha
so
urc
e d
iag
no
sti
cs
2.2
. N
eu
tro
n s
pectr
om
etr
y
2.2
. N
eu
tro
n s
pectr
om
etr
y
(s
ee C
. H
ell
esen
po
ste
r P
1.1
2)
(see C
. H
ell
esen
po
ste
r P
1.1
2)
Mag
neti
cP
roto
n R
eco
il U
pg
rad
ed
sp
ectr
om
ete
r fo
r D
D-
or
DT
-neu
tro
ns
ph
osw
ich
ho
do
scope
Go
al:
Go
al:
measu
rem
ents
of
pla
sma t
em
pe
ratu
re(s
tead
y st
ate
) and e
nerg
y dis
trib
utio
nof
th
e f
uel i
ons
(heatin
g);
ca
pabili
ty o
fn
D/n
T m
easu
rem
en
ts
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
14
Fu
sio
n a
lph
a s
ou
rce
dia
gn
os
tic
sF
us
ion
alp
ha
so
urc
e d
iag
no
sti
cs
2.2
. N
eu
tro
n s
pectr
om
etr
y:
2.2
. N
eu
tro
n s
pectr
om
etr
y:
MP
Ru
me
as
ure
me
nts
MP
Ru
me
as
ure
me
nts
(a)
O
hm
ic p
hase
–th
erm
al T
i ext
ract
ed
(b)
IC
RH
phase
–is
otr
opic
, anis
otr
opic
HE
com
pon
ents
Ohm
ic a
nd
IC
RF
he
atin
g o
f D
T p
lasm
as:
fusi
on
sourc
e c
om
po
ne
nts
MP
Ru
main
featu
res:
MP
Ru
main
featu
res:
•A
bso
lute
calib
ratio
n
•H
igh im
munity
to b
ack
gro
und
14
-MeV
nin
DT
: S
/B >
20000
2.5
-MeV
nin
DD
: S
/B >
10
•2
.5-4
.5%
reso
lutio
n @
14 M
eV
•flu
x e
ffic
iency
~ 1
0-4
cm2
•D
AQ
: co
unt-
rate
>>
MH
z
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
15
Fu
sio
n a
lph
a s
ou
rce
dia
gn
os
tic
sF
us
ion
alp
ha
so
urc
e d
iag
no
sti
cs
2.2
. N
eu
tro
n s
pectr
om
etr
y:
2.2
. N
eu
tro
n s
pectr
om
etr
y:
α αααα ααα-- k
no
ck
kn
oc
k-- o
no
nm
ea
su
rem
en
ts w
ith
MP
Ru
m
ea
su
rem
en
ts w
ith
MP
Ru
--
α αααα ααα-- p
art
icle
po
pu
lati
on
part
icle
po
pu
lati
on
is b
uild
ing u
p a
su
pra
therm
al D
and T
ion c
om
pon
ents
thro
ugh k
nock
-on c
olli
sio
ns⇒
we
ak
hig
h-e
nerg
y ta
il in
the
neutr
on e
mis
sion
spect
ra (
AK
N)
•12 J
ET
NB
I dis
charg
es
with
Yn
≈4 x
10
18
n/s
•M
PR
count ra
te o
f C
n≈
4 x
10
5 n
/s,
•T
he tota
l neutr
on y
ield
: 3 x
10
19
•M
PR
data
base
consi
sts
of 3 x
10
6eve
nts
•T
he s
pect
ral r
egio
n o
f A
KN
obse
rvatio
n
(RO
) is
lim
ited to the h
igh e
nerg
y ta
il of 150
eve
nts
Kalln
eet al P
RL 8
5 (
2000)
1246
RO
15.5 MeV
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
16
Fu
sio
n a
lph
a s
ou
rce
dia
gn
os
tic
sF
us
ion
alp
ha
so
urc
e d
iag
no
sti
cs
2.2
. N
eu
tro
n s
pectr
om
etr
y:
2.2
. N
eu
tro
n s
pectr
om
etr
y:
co
mp
ac
t s
pe
ctr
om
ete
r b
as
ed
on
co
mp
ac
t s
pe
ctr
om
ete
r b
as
ed
on
NE
21
3N
E2
13
Spect
rom
ete
r is
equip
ped w
ith a
dig
ital p
uls
e s
hape
dis
crim
inatio
nacq
uis
ition s
yste
m f
or
n/γ
separa
tion.
Puls
eH
eig
ht
Spect
ra u
p t
o t
ota
l count
rate
s of ∼
10
6s-
1.
Energ
y re
solu
tion
(aft
er
PH
Sunfo
ldin
g):
14 M
eV
neutr
ons
< 2
%
2.5
MeV
neu
trons
< 4
%
F.
Be
lli,
Fra
sca
ti
Hig
h N
BI po
we
r
Lo
w N
BI
po
we
r
A s
imila
r sp
ect
rom
ete
r w
ith a
vert
ical f
ield
of
view
is p
ropose
d
ITE
R r
ele
vant
com
pact
neutr
on
sp
ect
rom
ete
r !
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
17
Fu
sio
n a
lph
a s
ou
rce
dia
gn
os
tic
sF
us
ion
alp
ha
so
urc
e d
iag
no
sti
cs
2.3
. N
eu
tral P
art
icle
An
aly
sers
2.3
. N
eu
tral P
art
icle
An
aly
sers
The N
PA
measu
res
the li
ne in
tegra
ted
ene
rgy
dis
trib
utio
n f
unct
ion
and f
luxe
s.
Neutr
als
are
genera
ted
via
CX
pro
cess
es
with
bulk
and im
purity
ions.
Carb
on f
oils
(300
Å)
re-ioniz
e t
he n
eutr
als
.
Acc
ele
ratio
npro
vide b
oost
to in
crease
dete
ctio
n e
ffic
iency
of
low
ene
rgy
neutr
als
and t
o in
crease
sig
nal t
o n
ois
e
ratio
.
Mom
entu
m s
epa
ratio
n v
ia B
fie
ldM
ass
separa
tion v
ia E
fie
ld.
CX neutrals
ions
carbon
stripping
foilaccelerating HV
magnet
electrostatic
plates
H
D
TCsI (Tl) + PMT
Pre-amplifiers
ADCs
CODAS/JPF
plasma
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
18
Fu
sio
n a
lph
a s
ou
rce
dia
gn
os
tic
sF
us
ion
alp
ha
so
urc
e d
iag
no
sti
cs
2.3
. N
eu
tral P
art
icle
An
aly
ser:
2.3
. N
eu
tral P
art
icle
An
aly
ser:
DD
00a
nd
Ta
nd
T00
dis
trib
uti
on
sd
istr
ibu
tio
ns
Z = 0.28 m
A
B
C
D
Low
-energ
y N
PA
measu
res
sim
ulta
neousl
yth
e e
nerg
y dis
trib
utio
n funct
ion o
f neutr
al H
, D
and T
in the e
nerg
y ra
nge 5
–740 k
eV
.
•D
/ T
ratio
measu
rem
en
ts in
the p
lasm
a c
ore
•IC
RH
heatin
g e
ffic
iency
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
19
Co
nfi
ned
C
on
fin
ed
α αααα ααα-- p
art
icle
p
art
icle
dia
gn
osti
cs
dia
gn
osti
cs
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
203.1
. N
eu
tral P
art
icle
An
aly
ser:
3.1
. N
eu
tral P
art
icle
An
aly
ser:
α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
lep
art
icle
me
as
ure
me
nts
me
as
ure
me
nts
R = 3.07 m
A
B
C
D
High-Energy NPAmeasures the energy distribution function of neutral
H, D, T, 3Heand4He in the energy range0.3 –4 MeV.
Si-dete
ctors
will
be in
stalle
dfo
r bett
er
dis
ting
uis
hin
g D
an
d α
’s!
NP
A
Co
nfi
ne
d
Co
nfi
ne
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
21
Co
nfi
ne
d
Co
nfi
ne
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
3.1
. N
eu
tral P
art
icle
An
aly
ser
3.1
. N
eu
tral P
art
icle
An
aly
ser
α αααα ααα-- p
art
icle
part
icle
measu
rem
en
t p
rob
lem
measu
rem
en
t p
rob
lem
�4H
e+
+and D
+ca
n n
ot
be d
istin
guis
hed b
y N
PA
�4H
e+
and 4
He
++
ion f
ract
ions
in t
he C
arb
on s
trip
pin
g f
oil
are
equal
in t
he r
ang
e ~
0.6
–0.8
MeV
�D
ete
ctio
n o
f 4H
e+
inst
ead o
f 4H
e+
+is
use
d f
or α
-part
icle
measu
rem
ents
for
E <
1 M
eV
�C
sI(T
l) s
cintil
lato
rsw
ill b
e r
epla
ced b
yS
i-d
ete
ctor
arr
ay:
hig
h
reso
lutio
n d
ete
ctio
n o
f 4H
e+-io
ns
pro
vid
es
relia
ble
He/D
dis
ting
uis
hin
g
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
223.1
. N
eu
tral P
art
icle
An
aly
ser:
3.1
. N
eu
tral P
art
icle
An
aly
ser:
44H
e a
cc
ele
rati
on
ex
pe
rim
en
tsH
e a
cc
ele
rati
on
ex
pe
rim
en
ts
02
00
400
60
080
010
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
7
KR
2
Neutral flux, rel.un.
4H
e0 E
nerg
y, k
eV
KF
1
NB
I4+
NB
I8
# 7
91
71
Hig
h-E
nerg
y N
PA
(KF
1)a
nd
Low
-Energ
y N
PA
(KR
2)
da
ta a
re n
orm
aliz
ed
at
the
ene
rgy
~ 2
00 k
eV
V.
Afa
na
sie
v, I
off
e
4H
e0
neutr
al h
as
been m
easu
red
dete
ctin
g 4
He
+
Co
nfi
ne
d
Co
nfi
ne
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
233.2
. G
am
ma
3.2
. G
am
ma
-- ra
y d
iag
no
sti
cs:
ray d
iag
no
sti
cs: α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le m
eas
ure
me
nts
pa
rtic
le m
eas
ure
me
nts
99B
e(
Be( α αααα ααα
,n,nγ γγγγ γγγ
))12
12C
re
acti
on
C
reacti
on
12
34
56
γ γγγ
4.4
4 M
eV
γ γγγ
3.2
1 M
eV
Cross section
Alp
ha-p
art
icle
en
ergy
, MeV
9B
e+
α→
13C
* →
12C
*→
12C
nγ
The n
ucl
ear
react
ion b
etw
een fast
αand 9
Be im
purity
leads
to:
�E
xcita
tion o
f hig
h-e
nerg
y le
vels
in 1
3C
*nucl
eus
�D
e-e
xcita
tion b
y em
ittin
g n
eutr
ons
with
popula
tion o
f th
e
low
-lyi
ng le
vels
in 1
2C
*
�F
urt
her
de-e
xcita
tion b
y γ3
.21 M
eV
and γ
4.4
4 M
eV
to the
gro
und s
tate
of
12C
nucl
eus:
•γ4
.44 M
eV
(E
leve
l =4.4
4 M
eV
) are
pro
duce
d
by α
’s w
ith E
α>
1.7
MeV
•γ3
.21 M
eV
(E
leve
l =7.6
5 M
eV
) are
pro
duce
d
by α
’s w
ith E
α>
4 M
eV
Q(
9B
e +
α ααα -
n ) =
5.7
0 M
eV
γn
9B
e +
α ααα
1
3 C*
12
C*
12 C
n0n1
γ γγγ
0+
7.6
5
1.7
0
γ γγγ
n2
15.1
1
Jπ πππ
EL, M
eV
0+
2+
4.4
4
0
Eα ααα, M
eV
13.
76
11
.97
10
.65
12C
9B
e +
α ααα
Be-c
once
ntr
atio
n p
rofil
eis
needed f
or
abso
lute
me
asu
rem
ents
CX
could
pro
vide 5
-20
% a
ccura
cy C
on
fin
ed
C
on
fin
ed
α αααα ααα-- p
art
icle
p
art
icle
dia
gn
os
tic
sd
iag
no
sti
cs
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
243.2
. G
am
ma
3.2
. G
am
ma
-- ra
y d
iag
no
sti
cs:
ray d
iag
no
sti
cs:
tt ra
ce
tri
tiu
m e
xp
eri
me
nts
rac
e t
riti
um
ex
pe
rim
en
ts
γ-ra
y sp
ect
ra r
eco
rded w
ith B
GO
Rela
xatio
n o
f 4.4
4-M
eV
γ-r
ay
inte
nsi
ty a
fte
r th
e T
-blip
was
measu
red.
Tim
eT
ime
-- reso
luti
on
~ 5
0 m
s i
s r
eq
uir
ed
reso
luti
on
~ 5
0 m
s i
s r
eq
uir
ed
Kip
tily
et a
l., P
RL 9
3 (
2004)
115001
Rela
xatio
n o
f 4.4
4-M
eV
γ-r
ay
em
issi
on
and d
ensi
ty o
f fa
st a
lphas
(E>
1.7
MeV
) dependin
g o
n t
he v
alu
e o
f S
pitz
er
slow
ing-d
ow
n t
ime
Yavo
rski
j et al N
F50
(2010)
025002
9B
e(α
,nγ)
12C
γ4.4
4 M
eV
Tim
e (
s)
JG04.186-2c
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2 0
.51.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
4.44-
MeV g
am
ma-r
ays:
Pul
se N
o.61
044
Pul
se N
o.61
048
DT-n
eutron r
ate
T-b
lip
Normalised intensity, a.u.
1-D
Fokker-
Pla
nck m
odelli
ng
Co
ld p
las
ma
Ho
t p
las
ma
Co
nfi
ne
d
Co
nfi
ne
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
253.2
.3.2
.G
am
ma
Gam
ma
-- ra
y d
iag
no
sti
cs:
ray d
iag
no
sti
cs:
sp
ec
tro
mete
rss
pe
ctr
om
ete
rs
BG
O,
LaB
r 3,
NaI(
Tl)
:N
aI(
Tl)
:ene
rgy
reso
lutio
n, ∆
E/E
≈8%
Slo
w:
deca
y tim
e
~ 2
50 n
sD
igita
l Data
Acq
uis
ition s
yste
m a
llow
s up
to 1
MH
z P
HA
LaB
rL
aB
r 33(o
r B
rilL
anC
e):
∆E
/E ≈
3%
,D
eca
y tim
es
-<
20 n
s D
AQ
allo
ws
up t
o 2
MH
z P
HA
Hp
Ge
Hp
Ge
: ∆
E/E
≈0.3
%-
the D
opple
r bro
adenin
g
of
γ-lin
es
can b
e m
easu
red
!D
AQ
allo
ws
up t
o 0
.5 M
Hz
PH
A
Quasi
Quasi --tangential BGO
tangential BGO-- spectrometer:
spectrometer:
front
and r
ear
colli
mato
rs t
o im
pro
ve S
/B r
atio
BG
O,
NaI(
Tl)
,La
Br 3
,H
pG
e
New capabilities
New capabilities
BGO:
energ
y r
eso
lution, ∆E/E
≈14%
Best
dete
ctio
n e
ffic
iency
!Slo
w:
deca
y t
ime ~
300 n
s
Co
nfi
ne
d
Co
nfi
ne
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
263.2
. G
am
ma
3.2
. G
am
ma
-- ra
y d
iag
no
sti
cs:
ray d
iag
no
sti
cs:
ve
rtic
al s
pe
ctr
om
ete
rsve
rtic
al s
pe
ctr
om
ete
rs Neu
tro
n A
tte
nu
ato
rs
Neu
tro
n A
tte
nu
ato
rs
are
need
ed
to
red
uce
are
need
ed
to
red
uce
γγ-- r
ay b
ackg
rou
nd
ra
y b
ackg
rou
nd
Neu
tro
n a
tte
nu
ato
rs:
Neu
tro
n a
tte
nu
ato
rs:
poly
eth
ylene f
or
DD
and
6LiH
for
DT
measu
rem
ents
w
ill b
e u
sed
(a)
Concrete
shielding
PrecollimatorTOFOR
Coils
Horizontal
diagnostic
port
Upper vertical
diagnostic port
Support structure
and radiation shielding
Divertor region
Roof
laboratory
JG09.419-3a
Hp
Ge
Hp
Ge
La
Br
La
Br 33
Na
I(T
l)N
aI(
Tl)
Neu
tro
n
Neu
tro
n
att
en
ua
tors
att
en
ua
tors
γ
Sli
ders
Sli
ders
γ-s
pectr
om
ete
rs
Mezzan
ine
Co
nfi
ne
d
Co
nfi
ne
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
27
Co
nfi
ne
d
Co
nfi
ne
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
3.2
. G
am
ma
3.2
. G
am
ma
-- ra
y d
iag
no
sti
cs:
ray d
iag
no
sti
cs:
44H
e a
ccele
rati
on
exp
eri
men
tsH
e a
ccele
rati
on
exp
eri
men
ts
200
400
600
800
100
01
200
1400
160
01
800
2000
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
12C
(d,pγ)
13C
9 Be(α,nγ)
12 C
3.08
9 M
eV
4.43
9 M
eV
dN / dn
cha
nnel
nu
mb
er
170
017
50
1800
1850
2040609 B
e(α
,nγ)
12C
4.4
39 M
eV
dN / dn
Cha
nn
el n
um
ber
γ γγγγ γγγ --ra
y
ray s
pectr
um
reco
rded
wit
hs
pectr
um
reco
rded
wit
hH
pG
eH
pG
e-- dd
ete
cto
r:
ete
cto
r: D
op
ple
r b
roa
den
ing
D
op
ple
r b
roa
den
ing
4H
e-b
eam
ions
was
acc
ele
rate
d
by
ICR
F in
the 4
He-p
lasm
a
The D
opple
r bro
adenin
g d
ue to
nucl
ear
react
ions
betw
een 4
He
and
Be im
purity
has
been
measu
red for
ass
ess
ment
of
effect
ive “
tem
pera
ture
” <
T4
He>
:
∆E
γ≈
Eγ0
(VR/c
) co
s θ
Kip
tily
et al N
F50
(2010)
084001
VR
–re
coil
velo
city
whic
h is
depend o
n the 4
He-ion
velo
city
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
283.2
. G
am
ma
3.2
. G
am
ma
-- ra
y d
iag
no
sti
cs:
ray d
iag
no
sti
cs:
neu
tro
n a
tte
nu
ati
on
neu
tro
n a
tte
nu
ati
on
D 1
.7M
eV
4H
e 3
.5 M
eV
Chugunov
et al I
nst
rum
. and E
xp. T
ech
niq
ues
51
(2008)
166
JET
6LiH
-attenuato
r∅
30 x
300 m
m
Kip
tily
et al T
ech
Ph
ys 4
3 (
1998)
471
Co
nfi
ne
d
Co
nfi
ne
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
Neu
tro
n a
tten
uati
on
is
Neu
tro
n a
tten
uati
on
is a
key i
ssu
ea k
ey i
ssu
efo
r m
easu
rem
en
ts o
f fo
r m
easu
rem
en
ts o
f γγ-- r
ays i
n D
Tra
ys i
n D
T
6LiH
base
d n
eu
tron a
ttenuato
r is
most
eff
icie
nt
one
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
293.2
. G
am
ma
3.2
. G
am
ma
-- ra
y d
iag
no
sti
cs:
ray d
iag
no
sti
cs:
neu
tro
n a
tte
nu
ati
on
neu
tro
n a
tte
nu
ati
on
D,
4H
e
res
on
an
ce
D 1
.7M
eV
4H
e 3
.5 M
eV
020
00
400
06
000
80
00
100
00
10
10
0
100
0
Counts per Channel
Energ
y, k
eV
020
00
400
06
000
80
00
100
00
0
10
0
20
0
30
0
40
0
50
0
Counts per Channel
Tangentia
l BG
O-d
ete
ctor
with
PE
attenuato
r
Neutr
on-induce
dγ-
back
gro
und
Vert
ical B
GO
-dete
ctor
with
6LiH
attenuato
r
Te
st o
f
Te
st o
f 66
LiH
LiH
ne
utr
on a
tte
nu
ato
r on
JE
Tn
eu
tro
n a
tte
nu
ato
r on
JE
T
Chugunov
et al I
nst
rum
. and E
xp T
ech
niq
ues
51
(2008)
166
<=
R
efe
rence
spect
rum
mea
sure
ments
Neutr
on-i
nd
uce
d g
am
mas
in t
he r
ange
Eγ<
3 M
eV
(in
ela
stic
nucl
ear
scatt
ering in
dete
ctor)
suppre
ssed w
ith 6
LiH
att
enuato
rby
a f
act
or
of ≈
100
Gam
ma-r
ays
with
Eγ>
3 M
eV
suppre
ssed
with
6LiH
att
enuato
r by
a f
act
or
of
≈2
Eγ
Eγ
Co
nfi
ne
d
Co
nfi
ne
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
303.2
. G
am
ma
3.2
. G
am
ma
-- ra
y d
iag
no
sti
cs:
ray d
iag
no
sti
cs:
tan
de
m c
ollim
ato
rs f
or
BG
Ota
nd
em
co
llim
ato
rs f
or
BG
O
Sig
na
l-to
-back
gro
un
d im
pro
vem
ent
as
a f
irst
sta
ge in
the p
repara
tion t
o D
TE
2
BG
OB
GO
-- sp
ectr
om
ete
r w
as a
lread
y u
sed
fo
r sp
ectr
om
ete
r w
as a
lread
y u
sed
fo
r α αααα ααα
––p
art
icle
part
icle
me
asu
rem
en
ts
me
asu
rem
en
ts i
n T
TE
in T
TE
Co
nfi
ne
d
Co
nfi
ne
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
313.2
. G
am
ma
3.2
. G
am
ma
-- ra
y d
iag
no
sti
cs:
ray d
iag
no
sti
cs:
tan
de
m c
ollim
ato
rs f
or
BG
Ota
nd
em
co
llim
ato
rs f
or
BG
O
Top v
iew
Co
nfi
ne
d
Co
nfi
ne
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
Adva
nce
d n
eutr
on s
hie
ldin
g o
f th
e B
GO
-
dete
ctor
is a
pro
pose
d n
ext
sta
ge
:
signal-to
-back
gro
und im
pro
vem
en
t fo
rα
-
part
icle
measu
rem
ents
in D
TE
2
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
32
gap 63041 5
.000000
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
R (
m)
Z (m)
x10 m
s
11
-3-1
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
LCI
gah 63041 7
.000000
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
-1.0
0.0
1.0
2.0
R (
m)
Z (m)
x10 m
s
11
-3-1
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
LCI
Tom
ogra
phic
reco
nst
ruct
ions
of
pro
files
measu
red in
diff
ere
nt
q-p
rofil
e p
hase
sof
the o
ptim
ised
shear
pla
sma d
isch
arg
e.
The m
on
oto
nic
q-p
rofil
e w
as
sett
led d
ow
n a
fte
r sa
wto
oth
crash
.
non-m
onoto
nic
q-p
rofil
em
onoto
nic
q-p
rofil
e
Kip
tily
et al N
F45
(2005)
L21
3.2
. 3.2
. γγ-- r
ay e
mis
sio
n p
rofi
le:
ray e
mis
sio
n p
rofi
le:
44H
e a
cc
ele
rati
on
ex
pe
rim
en
tsH
e a
cc
ele
rati
on
ex
pe
rim
en
ts
Co
nfi
ne
d
Co
nfi
ne
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
Eff
ect
of
mag
neti
c f
ield
to
po
log
y o
n
Eff
ect
of
mag
neti
c f
ield
to
po
log
y o
n γ γγγγ γγγ
-- ray i
mag
e o
f ra
y i
mag
e o
f 44H
eH
e-- i
on
sio
ns
In t
his
dis
cha
rge
Alfv
én
ca
sca
de
an
d r
eve
rse
-she
ar
saw
too
th in
sta
bili
ties
we
re
ob
serv
ed
ind
ica
ting a
non
-m
on
oto
nic
q-p
rofil
e.
r/ar/a
q=rB
t/RBp
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
333.2
.
3.2
. γγ
-- ra
y e
mis
sio
n p
rofi
le:
ray e
mis
sio
n p
rofi
le: α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le r
ed
istr
ibu
tio
n m
eas
ure
me
nts
pa
rtic
le r
ed
istr
ibu
tio
n m
eas
ure
me
nts
VVe
rtic
al C
am
era
e
rtic
al C
am
era
ca
n b
e u
se
d f
or
ca
n b
e u
se
d f
or γγ-- r
ay
ray
em
iss
ion
pro
file
em
iss
ion
pro
file
in D
T d
isc
ha
ge
s w
ith
in
DT
dis
ch
ag
es
wit
h
up
to
10
up
to
10
17
17 n
/s !
n/s
!
Ap
pro
xim
ate
att
en
uati
on
facto
rs
Neutr
on
attenuato
rM
ate
rial
Neutr
on e
nerg
y
2.4
5
MeV
14.1
M
eV
Horizo
nta
lH
2O
10
215
Vert
ical
(norm
al)
H2O
10
2 (
*)15
Vert
ical
(long v
ers
ion)
H2O
10
410
2
(*) E
xpe
rim
en
tally
confir
med
on
a p
roto
type
Sch
em
e o
f th
e
Sch
em
e o
f th
e n
eu
tro
n a
tten
uato
rn
eu
tro
n a
tten
uato
rassem
bly
assem
bly
in t
he c
am
era
sin
th
e c
am
era
s
Ve
rtic
al
Ho
rizo
nta
l
V.L
. Z
oita
, M
EdC
V.L
. Z
oita
, M
EdC
Co
nfi
ne
d
Co
nfi
ne
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
34
Escap
ed
E
scap
ed
α αααα ααα-- p
art
icle
p
art
icle
dia
gn
osti
cs
dia
gn
osti
cs
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
35
Wh
at
to s
tud
y in
DT
?W
hat
to s
tud
y in
DT
?
Sci
ntil
lato
r P
robe
�F
irst
orb
it lo
sses
-α
-part
icle
sourc
e
�A
nom
alo
us
loss
es
(pitc
h-a
ng
le s
catt
er,
rip
ple
s…)
�M
HD
eff
ect
sEs
ca
pe
d
Es
ca
pe
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
364.1
. S
cin
tillato
r p
rob
e:
4.1
. S
cin
tillato
r p
rob
e:
in J
ET
in J
ET
Sci
ntil
lato
r P
robe
Baum
el S
. et al R
SI 75
(2004)
3563
Es
ca
pe
d
Es
ca
pe
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
374.1
. S
cin
tillato
r p
rob
e:
4.1
. S
cin
tillato
r p
rob
e:
basic
pri
ncip
leb
asic
pri
ncip
le
VV
ZB
mV
II1
cos−
⊥
=∝
θρ
Speci
es
ρ@
B=
3T
α ααα(3
.5 M
eV
)9.0
cm
P(3
.0 M
eV
)8.3
cm
T(1
.0 M
eV
)8.3
cm
3H
e(0
.82 M
eV
)3.8
cm
Gyr
o-r
adiu
s
Pitc
h-a
ng
le
Es
ca
pe
d
Es
ca
pe
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
38
Es
ca
pe
d
Es
ca
pe
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
4.1
. S
cin
tillato
r p
rob
e:
4.1
. S
cin
tillato
r p
rob
e:
orb
it s
imu
lati
on
orb
it s
imu
lati
on
Vie
w a
long t
ub
e a
xis
SP
dete
cts
ion
s w
ith
gyr
o-r
ad
ius
from
3 c
mto
14 c
m
pitc
h-a
ngle
fro
m35
0 to
85
0
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
394.1
. S
cin
tillato
r p
rob
e:
4.1
. S
cin
tillato
r p
rob
e:
basic
set
up
an
d e
nh
an
cem
en
tb
asic
set
up
an
d e
nh
an
cem
en
t
P56 s
cintil
lato
r: 2
ms
deca
y-tim
e⇒ ⇒⇒⇒
now
TG
-Gre
en:
0.5
µs
deca
yC
CD
cam
era
:
512x5
12 p
ixel,
10-5
0 H
z ⇒ ⇒⇒⇒
no
w 1
28x2
56 p
ixels
, 20 k
Hz
PM
T d
ete
cto
rs:
4x4
PM
T a
rra
y, r
ate
5 k
Hz
(
fibre
bundle
should
be p
rote
cted
!)
Ele
ctrica
lly-h
ea
ted (
up
to
200
0)
ho
se f
or
fibre
optic
bundle
will
be in
stalle
d
befo
re D
T c
am
paig
n.
It is
not
be d
egra
ded b
y nucl
ea
r ir
radia
tion
up t
o a
to
tal
dose
of
10
8ra
d.
Es
ca
pe
d
Es
ca
pe
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
W-c
oate
d g
raphite
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
404.1
. S
cin
tillato
r p
rob
e:
4.1
. S
cin
tillato
r p
rob
e:
firs
t o
rbit
lo
ss
firs
t o
rbit
lo
ss
measu
rem
en
tsm
easu
rem
en
ts
11-- M
eV
M
eV
tri
ton
str
ito
ns
an
d 3
an
d 3
-- MeV
M
eV
pro
ton
sp
roto
ns
#7
7597
q(0
)=2
.0#7
7692
q(0
)=1
.1
Gyro-radius
Pitch
-angle
Es
ca
pe
d
Es
ca
pe
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
Dis
charg
e 2
.7T
/ 1
.8 M
AD
isch
arg
e2.7
T /
2.5
MA
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
414.2
. 4.2
. α αααα ααα
-- part
icle
co
llecto
rs:
part
icle
co
llecto
rs:
Fara
da
y c
up
s i
n J
ET
Fara
da
y c
up
s i
n J
ET
Fara
day
cups
(see F
.E. C
eci
l’s p
ost
er)
Darr
ow
D. et al R
SI 75
(2004)
3566
Es
ca
pe
d
Es
ca
pe
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
424.2
. 4.2
. α αααα ααα
-- part
icle
co
llecto
rs:
part
icle
co
llecto
rs:
Fara
da
y c
up
s p
osit
ion
Fara
da
y c
up
s p
osit
ion
Pla
sma
Beam P
ylon
Fara
day
cup
module
s
9°
15°
21°
27°
33°
•C
urv
ed b
eam
mo
unte
d o
n v
ess
el w
all
belo
w m
idpla
ne
•5 “
Pyl
ons”
will
mount
on b
ea
m –
polo
idal r
eso
lutio
n•
Each
pyl
on c
an c
onta
in u
p t
o 3
F
ara
da
y cu
p m
odule
s –
radia
l reso
lutio
n
•B
ut,
no p
itch a
ngle
reso
lutio
n
6o
-19
o
-7o
-31
o
-41
o
tan(θ
po
l)=(Z
-Z0)/
(R-R
0)
R0=
2.9
6m
, Z
0=
0
Es
ca
pe
d
Es
ca
pe
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
434.2
. 4.2
. α αααα ααα
-- part
icle
co
llecto
rs:
part
icle
co
llecto
rs:
Fara
da
y c
up
ass
em
bly
Fara
da
y c
up
ass
em
bly
Ni f
oil
Mic
a
Sta
ck o
f alte
rnatin
g N
i foils
and m
ica in
sula
ting s
he
ets
,
with
term
ina
l blo
ck a
nd
perf
ora
ted c
ove
r to
adm
it
ions.
Es
ca
pe
d
Es
ca
pe
d α αααα ααα
-- pa
rtic
le
pa
rtic
le d
iag
no
sti
cs
dia
gn
os
tic
s
-
12th
IA
EA
Tech
nic
al M
eetin
g o
n E
nerg
etic
Part
icle
s in
Magnetic
Confin
em
ent S
yste
ms,
7-1
0 S
ep 2
011, A
ust
in, T
exa
s, U
SA
444.2
. 4.2
. α αααα ααα
-- part
icle
co
llecto
rs:
part
icle
co
llecto
rs:
Fara
da
y c
up
en
erg
y r
eso
luti
on
Fara
da
y c
up
en
erg
y r
eso
luti
on
ion
s
Th
in
(1-2
.5µ
m)
Ni f
oils
Cu
rre
nt
flow
to a
mp
lifie
rs
Plasma
•D
ete
ctor
com
pose
d o
f m
ulti
ple
thin
m
eta
l foils
sep
ara
ted b
y m
ica
foils
•Io
n e
nerg
y d
ete
rmin
es
deposi
tion
depth
•Io
n c
urr
ent
me
asu
red f
or
each
foil
indiv
idu
ally
•C
urr
ent
vs d
ep
th g
ives
energ
y dis
trib
utio
n(∆
E~
10–50%
)
6.1
5.4
#4
5.0
3.5
#3
3.1
2.0
#2
1.4
-#1
Em
ax α
, M
eV
Em
inα,
Me
VF
oils
JE
T e
xp
eri
en
ce:
JE
T e
xp
eri
en
ce:
a thin
Ni-sh
ield
in fro
nt
of 1st
foil
is n
eeded (
to a
void
UV
/ L
angm
uir
back
gro