Demand elasticity - Ελαστικότητα Ζήτησης

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    .6 .163-181

    : !: ".#$% &!. '()* +,13-+,1

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    " # /!

    0 2

    2

    2!"# $

    2 % $ & ' &(

    4

    5

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    " # /!

    ) * +,-./010/2 34 567-89 : # ; ' ;# (

    = ;

    ?

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    " # /!

    )#

    = ;

    >

    = ;

    @A > ); =

    A > $" =

    @B > ); C

    B > $" C

    D >

    @A E+D > "@E A

    C

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    " # /!

    %

    F*@AGA:HIJJKGF*@BGB:HIJJK > *@AGA:G *@BGB: > *@AGA: H *EG@B: *@AG@B: H

    C "# '# ( L ;# #" (

    0 ( /7 ( !%9 7/ % /7 /% /( * /7; ; ;

    *9 % *@AG@B:HF**EIMEN:GN: G **AIMAN:GN:K D > *@AG@B: H F*EIMEN: G *AIMAN:K

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    " # /!

    '

    C' C' ! !

    O ' & $ P ' *-Q16,-./010/2:

    O ## # ";# ! #" & '#(

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    " # /!

    P =>?

    Q =,,,@?

    Q P Q P

    Ez A

    1, +1B C

    A

    A 1,D1B E CD+

    A C,D3,

    A

    CD3 A N(RR

    C'C'

    &

    "

    Q = 10

    P = 2

    P

    7

    Q15

    > )#

    =8F6?D+AC

    =1,F+,?D+A1B

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    " # /!

    S# # ;

    0

    G

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    " # /!

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    " # /!

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    " # /!

    I )'G I

    O #" " # &(

    $#$# U BI BN & AI AN(

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    " # /!

    I )' &! H

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    " # /!

    J )' &G

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    " # /!

    J )' & $ ' * " ("( # :

    O & " & X & Y

    A

    E

    EI

    EN

    AI

    5

    5

    +D T I

    O &&(

    $#$# U AI BI BN ' (

    +D > J

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    " # /!

    Z & &

    [& "

    ' ' (

    O

    & &(

    $#$# U ! BI AI AN ' (

    A

    E

    EI

    AI

    5 5

    +D >Z

    AN

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    " # /!

    Z

    & $ & W &O & " & X & Y$ #& " ' '( ' ( $ & #& " #" (

    A

    EEI

    AI

    5 5

    +D >Z

    AN

    = ' ' ; #" ' (

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    " # /!

    K%QU I $VWK $&K V G G GKG

    U X 1 $&K V G G GKG -0&$G

    U A 1 Y&ZV&V& $&K V G G GKG

    U [ 1 &Y$&K V \ G GKG - V 4G

    U A , $VWK &Y$&K V \ G GKG

    $%B$\!=B\=C]!\!

    \@\%!=B\=C]!\!

    !^O[\!=B\=C]!\!

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    " # /!

    ='

    _I1. G % /) ( * !;.+. G % ! (

    !.3. ( H (

    H ! !.. /! 7/.

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    " # /!

    ='

    _N1. G % /) ( * !;.

    " # (

    =' U`# a # a# a #

    C =_

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    " # /!

    ='

    _N+. G % ! ( !.

    C ;# #" & # b # b (

    C ; '(

    =' U "

    C =_

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    " # /!

    ='

    _R3. ( H ( H ! !.

    ' ' (

    =' U ; "

    MC

    =' U

    ) & =

    c

    ] A

    MC) &_

    =

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    " # /!

    =' _dd( < = "(O "(

    P"" $ )"

    P"" U2 / H/ ;

    2 Z% (

    2 ! % /) ( *

    2 & ! H/ *;.

    )" U2 &() H/ ;.

    2 * ! H/ *;.

    2 // % /)( *

    2KH ! (; )/ * ! .

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    " # /!

    ' eN(f (Igd_Igh

    =;U =&; ' & & # ; (

    ! @ =!@ ?

    % % _ "

    ! ?' =! ?

    !@ ! > E H A!@ ! > E H A

    ! @ ! ?' > C S =

    B > C A> =

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    " # /!

    KZ K -1 : ; '

    ;# ( O '

    D T I

    EI>If

    EN>NJ

    AN>If

    E

    AI>RJ

    5

    5

    +D T I

    $ BI BN

    )& !@ ! EIHAI

    ENHAN

    )& BN BI$ !@

    ! ENHAN EIHAI

    $ "# C *B: ! @ * !@ : ! ' * ! :

    IfHRJ>dfJ NJHIf>RJJ

    NJHIf>RJJ IfHRJ>dfJ

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    " # /!

    KZ K -+ : ; '

    ;# ( O '

    D V I $

    EI>IJ

    EN>NJ

    AN>IJ

    E

    AI>If

    5

    5

    +D V I

    $ BI BN$ !@ ! EIHAI

    ENHAN

    )& BN BI)& !@ ! ENHAN

    EIHAI

    "# C *B: ! @ * !@ : ! ' * ! :

    NJHIJ>RJJ

    IJHIf>IfJ

    NJHIJ>RJJ

    IJHIf>IfJ

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    " # /!

    KZ K -3 : ; '

    ;# ( O ' D

    > I )'

    AN>IJ

    EI>IJ

    EN>NJ

    E

    AI>NJ

    5

    5

    +D V I

    $ BI BN% ;

    !@ !

    )& BN BI% ;

    !@ !

    IJHNJ>NJJ

    NJHIJ>NJJ>

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    " # /!

    KZ K -="ii < &

    ; # & & & & ( Ihj ;; =(! @ ! >! ?'

    );# C5E

    +D TI

    $

    +D V I

    )'

    +D > I$ C

    %;!@G!

    )& C

    %; !@G!

    !@G!

    !@G!

    !@G!

    !@G!

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    " # /!

    / /!

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    " # /!

    $ ; * : "

    < ; & # & m& # #' & # #' (

    _

    );C

    b* B:

    );=

    b *A:$#

    );!('&

    b*!:

    +D V I$

    $ )& A V E $

    +D T I

    )& $ A T E $

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    " # /!

    $ ;

    & "

    < ; "& "

    _

    $)

    );C n

    =

    b* B: b *A:

    $#);

    !('&b*!:

    +D V I$

    *c: $ B

    )& A

    A V E $

    +D T I

    @ A T E

    &() / H ! /7 H = # ? Q / ;( /` *% * H .

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    " # /!

    $ ; O & & & ;

    & & & ;(

    ! # ; & '' =_ ?

    $'`

    $' %&

    +D VI $ [ ) ' M

    +D TI

    )'

    ) M $ _

    @ ' & ' ' &" &

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    " # / !

    C# %

    ! " " iii