delayed fission studies in the lead regionwolle/PreSPEC/Workshops/Brighton...Tl 178 150 ms α...

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 178 Tl 150 ms α  delayed fission studies in the lead region Valentina Liberati University of the West of Scotland Paisley, Scotland 202 Fr 178-184 Tl On behalf of IS466 Collaboration and  the ISOLDE collaboration 

Transcript of delayed fission studies in the lead regionwolle/PreSPEC/Workshops/Brighton...Tl 178 150 ms α...

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178Tl150 ms

α

 delayed fission studies in the lead region

Valentina Liberati University of the West of Scotland Paisley, Scotland

202Fr

178­184Tl

On behalf of IS466 Collaboration and  the ISOLDE collaboration 

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Contents ..

i

  Motivation – fission and r­process  B delayed fission – general properties  IS466 (­II) experiments @ ISOLDE ­

 180Tl 178Tl  202Fr

DF@GSI

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Fission and r­process ..

 Fission (spontaneus fission, n­induced fission and delayed fission)plays an important role in r­process                            

                                                        

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Fission and r­process ..

                            

                                                       Need data for very exotic nuclei 

 Fission (spontaneus fission, n­induced fission and delayed fission)plays an important role in r­process                            

                                                        

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Fission and r­process ..

                            

                                                       Need data for very exotic nuclei 

Unfortunately,  so  exotic  nuclei  are  not presently accessible by available techniques!

 Fission (spontaneus fission, n­induced fission and delayed fission)plays an important role in r­process                            

                                                        

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Fission and r­process ..

  That  is  why  the underlying  mechanisms and  properties  of  beta­delayed fission (and of low­energy  fission  in  general) have  to  be  investigated  by using  alternative approaches  and  in  other regions  of  the  Nuclear Chart.

  According  to  semi­empirical  estimates,  the neutron­deficient  nuclei  in the  U  and  Pb  regions provide  such  a  possibility via the beta­delayed fission decay

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 delayed fission..

deformation

A,Z

QEC

Bf

A,Z­1

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 delayed fission..

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PβDF depends strongly on: • QEC of the parent• Bf  of the daughter• Actually, QEC­Bf is important

deformation

A,Z

QEC

Bf

A,Z­1

•Discovered in 1966 @Dubna  232,234Am 

•2 step process: +/EC decay of a parent (A,Z) nucleus populates  an  excited    state  in  the  (A,Z­1)  daughter, which  then  might  fission  (in  competition  with  the   decay to the g.s.)•Low­energy fission! (E*<=QEC)

γ

γ

γ

β+/EC

β+/EC DF

NβDF

βDF branch

PβDF= NβDF

  Nβ

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ISOLDE@CERN..

 Proton beam  1.4 A, 1.4 GeV from PSB Two target stations (238U): 

    GPS – General Purpose Separator    HRS­ High Resolution Separator

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Isotope Selection..

Use mass separator to select mass A: => ISOLDE

           Hundreds of different isotopes are produced. 

A highly selective method is required to achieve a pure beam

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Isotope Selection..

Use mass separator to select mass A: => ISOLDE Use laser Ion Source to select Z: =>RILIS

RILIS&ISOLDE can provide a unique A and Z identification

           Hundreds of different isotopes are produced. 

A highly selective method is required to achieve a pure beam

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UC TargetT=2190K

ExtractionElectrode

Laser beams

D.C.

60kV

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Experiment IS466­*  Setup ..

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Annular Si  Si

pure 30 keV Tl beam from RILIS+ISOLDE

Setup: Si detectors from both sides of the C­foil

• Simple setup & DAQ: 4 PIPS (1 of them – annular)• Large geometrical efficiency (up to 80%)• 2 fold fission fragment coincidences• ff­gamma coincidences• Digital electronics (5 DGF modules)

C­foils20 g/cm2 Si detectors

176 178 180 182 184 186 188 190 192456789

1011121314151617

 

Tl­Hg

 

Bf(Hg)

QEC(Tl)

Tl/Hg mass

E, MeV

30 keV beam from ISOLDE

SiAnnular Si

ff

ff

α

C­foil

MINIBALL Ge cluster

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180Tl from IS466..

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          http://www.nature.com/news/2010/101201/full/news.2010.642.html“Mercury serves up a nuclear surprise”(Eugenie Samuel Reich­Nature News )

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Experiment IS466­II ..

180TL

178TL178TL178TL

                  178Tl                182Tl

               180Tl                183Tl

              181Tl                184Tl

  202Fr

        ISOTOPE SHIFT and HYPERFINE STRUCTURE measurement     performed for the red nuclei

This will allow deducing properties of the nuclei, i.e, radius, moments,..

(Relative data currently under analysis)

In view of the very successful IS466 run : research extended to                lighter and heavier neighbors of 180Tl.

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178Tl ..

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8 fission fragmentsRate =.38ff/h

ASYMMETRICAL??(within the given statistics)

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178Tl ..

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8 fission fragmentsRate =.38ff/h

PRELIMINARYPDF = 3(1)x10­4

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202Fr ­ Fission ..

202Fr ­IS466­II34 events2f/h

180Tl ­ IS466

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202Fr ­IS466­II34 events2f/h

180Tl ­ IS466

202Fr ­ Fission ..

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 Apparently, comparable mean width, but could be also symmetrical ­

 Larger density in the middle of 202Fr in comparison with 180Tl.

 Thus, need more singles (and also need coincidences).

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202Fr ­IS466­II34 events2f/h

180Tl ­ IS466

202Fr ­ Fission ..

PRELIMINARY

PDF = 3(1)x10­4

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  We need coincidence data  for 202Fr OR  4­5 times more statistics in singles(which is achievable)!!!!

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PDF ..

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­2 ­1 0 1 2 3

10­1

10­2

10 ­3

10 ­6

10 ­4

10­5

 

PβD

F

QEC

­Bf

 [MeV]

242Es

244Es246Es

248Es

250Md

232Am

234Am

240Bk

238Bk

228Np

10 known βDF cases  in trans­U regionRelatively low QEC and Bf values (3­5 MeV)Linear dependence

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­2 ­1 0 1 2 3

10­1

10­2

10 ­3

10 ­6

10 ­4

10­5

 

PβD

F

QEC

­Bf

 [MeV]

242Es

244Es246Es

248Es

250Md

232Am

234Am

240Bk

238Bk

228Np 178Tl

180Tl

202Fr

Pb­region data fit in the general trend.Before IS466 two different behaviours were expected for PBDF in the U­ and Pb­regions (different Q and Bf)

SAME behaviour observed!! 

PDF ..

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 bDF@GSI

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  @ ISOLDE: implanted  low­energy beam in  C foil, surrounded by Si detectorsmeasured mass distributions and, with some procedures – branching ratios (but need to know the properties of daughter products, not always the case)

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 bDF@GSI

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 @ FRS/Super FRS: we will implant the nuclei in a stack of Si detectorswe measure

Branching ratio (simply by counting number of implants and number of fission decays)  provided beta­branch is known (or measure) Advantage of FRS – deep implantation, no recoil effects, 100% efficiency TKE measurements (due to deep implantation in Si, no losses, no partial ff escapes)possibility to identify fission fragments via their gamma decay (high gamma efficiency)

  @ ISOLDE: implanted  low­energy beam in  C foil, surrounded by Si detectorsmeasured mass distributions and, with some procedures – branching ratios (but need to know the properties of daughter products, not always the case)

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 [email protected] setup?

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Similar to that, used to study 100Sn

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 [email protected] setup?

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Collaboration ..

Stanislav AntalicZdenka Kalaninova 

Nick BreeThomas Cocolios

Jan DirikenJytte  Elseviers 

Mark Huyse Paul Van den Bergh 

Piet Van DuppenMartin Venhart

D. Radulov Hilde De Witte

 I. DarbyRobert Page

Katsuhisa NishioAkira Iwamoto

 

U. Koster (ILL, Grenoble, France)S. Franchoo (IPN, Orsay, France)S. Vermote, C. Wagemans (University of Gent, Belgium)M. Veselský (Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia)

RILIS & ISOLDEP. Möller, A. Sierk

Andrei AndreyevValentina Liberati

Joseph  Lane

 RIKEN Takatoshi Ichikawa

I.Tsekhanovich (CENBG, France) 

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Thank you For the attention

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178

Tl 150 msα

Z=82

178,180,182Tl

186,188Bi

192,194,196At

200,202Fr

Identification of new bDF nuclei and detailed studies (e.g. Bf, TKE, mass..)ISOLDE:

 180Tl – HFS scan with RILIS : search for 2 isomeric states  180Tl – mass measurement at ISOLTRAP 178,182Tl –  bDF experiments at ISOLDE (done, July 2010)

ISOLDE/SHIP:186,188Bi, 192,194,196At200,202Fr

JAEA, LNL Fusion­fission 178­196Hg

19/19

Future Work and Analysis in the Pb region ..

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Radioactive Isotope production..

2 0 1  F r 

11Li X

1 4 3  C s  Y 

+  + pn

1.4 GeV

50 g/cm2

spallation

fragmentation

+ +fission

2 3 8 U 

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Radioactive Isotope production..

spallation

fragmentation

fission

neutron number N

prot

on n

u mbe

r Z

pn

1.4 GeV

50 g/cm2

spallation

fragmentation

+ +fission

2 3 8 U 

2 0 1  F r 

11Li X

1 4 3  C s  Y 

+  + 

The target material is chosen to maximise the desired isotope production 

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RILIS ..

UC TargetT=2190K

ExtractionElectrode

Laser beams

D.C.

60kV

Highly selective process, = 2%-19%It uses lasers of different wavelength to

stepwise ionize a specific element

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6s2 6p 2P1/2

6s2 6d 2D3/2

J = 1/2

J = 3/2

λ1 =276.8 nm

λ2= 535 nmTl

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“Most probable” candidates: 180Tl (PECDF=3× 10­(7±1)), 188Bi,196At (no PECDF data) • Irradiations inside the cyclotron (no A,Z selection for products) • Rotating wheel system, thick effective targets (2 mg/cm2)• Cross­irradiations, apparent σfis~15­50 pb• Mica detectors (fission tracks only)• Never confirmed (not in the Tables) • No continuation with these studies so far

PD

F

180Tl ?180Tl ?

QEC [MeV] QEC­Bf,shell [MeV]P

DF

176 178 180 182 184 186 188 190 192

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

 

Tl­Hg

 

Bf(Hg)

QEC(Tl)

Previous Studies in the Pb region (Dubna)Yu. A. Lazarev et al. Europhys. Lett. 4 (1987) 893; and Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No132 (1992) 739

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A bit of IS  ..∆ ν =ν 1­ν 2 Isotope Shift (IS)Total Angular Momentum of an Atom Fatom=Inuclear+Jelectron

(for an even­even isotope I=0, thus, F=J)

Fgs=J=0

F’ex=J’=1

6p2 3P0

6p7s 3P1

Let’s consider, e.g. even­even Pb (Z=82) isotopes182Pb(N=100)                184Pb(N=102)                                  186Pb (N=104)        

Fgs=J=0 Fgs=J=0

ν1 ν2 ν3

∆ν∼ 1:106

ν1 ν2 ν3

Iions

 IS proportional to the charge radius!  

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178Tl ..

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Rate .12/s

9.360x103 alphas174Au

178Hg148Pt

178Au

178Tl

2x103

Rate ~.03/s 

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178Tl ..

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Rate .12/s

9.360x103 alphas174Au

178Hg148Pt

178Au

178Tl

2x103

Rate ~.03/s 

 High Statistics – at least 10 times more than earlier No contaminants  studies

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202Fr ..

Rate 56/s

3.516x106 alphas

10/12

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202Fr ..

202Fr (7225)1.715x106

Rate = 26/s 

VERY HIGH STATISTICS(at least 2 ORDERS of magnitude higher)BR 202RnPBDF = f/ N

202Rn (6641)9.9x104

198At (6755)

198At (6856)

3.516x106 alphas

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