Dekati Sample Conditioning Instruments - exisab.com · Dekati® Sample Conditioning Instruments ......

21
5/28/2010 1 Dekati ® Sample Conditioning Instruments Dekati ® Cyclones Dekati ® Diluter Dekati ® Axial Diluter -DAD FPS-4000 Fine Particle Sampler DEED Dekati ® Engine Exhaust Diluter Dekati ® Thermodenuder DD-600 Dekati ® Dryer © Dekati Ltd. Dekati ® Cyclone SAC-65 Pre-separator with 10μm cutpoint at 10lpm Stainless steel construction Designed according to EPA 201A Can be used in temperatures up to 600 °C Accessories include heaters for use outside stack Excel sheet for exact cut point calculation © Dekati Ltd.

Transcript of Dekati Sample Conditioning Instruments - exisab.com · Dekati® Sample Conditioning Instruments ......

5/28/2010

1

Dekati® Sample Conditioning Instruments

• Dekati® Cyclones

• Dekati® Diluter

• Dekati® Axial Diluter -DAD

• FPS-4000 – Fine Particle Sampler

• DEED – Dekati® Engine Exhaust Diluter

• Dekati® Thermodenuder

• DD-600 – Dekati® Dryer

© Dekati Ltd.

Dekati® Cyclone SAC-65

• Pre-separator with 10μm cutpoint at 10lpm

• Stainless steel construction

• Designed according to EPA 201A

• Can be used in temperatures up to 600 °C

• Accessories include heaters for use

outside stack

• Excel sheet for exact cut point calculation

© Dekati Ltd.

5/28/2010

2

© Dekati Ltd.

Pre-separator

• Recommended to use pre-separator if– Concentration of particles >10 µm is high

– Sampling line is long and horizontal

• Dekati® Cyclones– SAC-65

• Cut-size 10 µm for 10 lpm flow @ 20°C/1013 mbar

• Port size 150 mm

• Isokinetic nozzles for 2-18 m/s gas flows

– FPS-cyclone

• Cut-size 2.5 µm for 8 lpm flow @ 20°C/1013 mbar

• Port size 100 mm

• Isokinetic nozzles for 4-25 m/s gas flows

Dekati® Diluter

• Ejector diluter DR ~8

• Stainless steel construction– Can be heated up 450 °C

• Full setups available for combustion and automotive

exhaust measurements– Double diluter setup for volatile matter removal

• Simple to use

© Dekati Ltd.

5/28/2010

3

© Dekati Ltd.

Dekati® Diluter – DI-1000

Inlet

Mixing chamberDilution air

inlet

Connection for

temperature

measurement

Outlet

• Simple construction

• Constant dilution ratio

~1:10

• Stainless steel

• Heatable, 2 diluters often

connected in series

(double diluter)

• Low losses

© Dekati Ltd.© Dekati Ltd.

Dilution Air

SAMPLE IN

Exhaust Air

SAMPLE OUT

• Low pressure caused by dilution air

flow in the nozzle sucks the sample

from the inlet

• Mixing in the mixing chamber

Dekati® Diluter

5/28/2010

4

© Dekati Ltd.

Tailpipe:

- High concentration

- High temperature

- High vapour pressure

Hot Dilution

- Concentration decrease

- Vapour pressure decrease

- Temperature preserved

Cold Dilution:

- Concentration decrease

- Low vapour pressure => safe

temperature decrease

Dekati® Double Diluter Setup

© Dekati Ltd.

Double Diluter setup DI-2000

Diluter exhaust

back to stackPressurized air

heater

Pressurized air, 2 bar

Pressurized air dryer

and regulator unit

Dekati Diluter 1/10

Dekati Diluter 1/10

and insulated diluter

heater

5/28/2010

5

© Dekati Ltd.

• Pressurized air

– For dilution

• 70 slpm *number of diluters

• 4 bar absolute pressure (working pressure 3 bar abs)

– Dilution air properties

• Particle conc. < 10 per cc

• RH < 5% at ambient temperature

• Electricity

– 2 outlets

– 1300W power requirement

• Sampling connection

– 12mm e.g. Swagelok pipe connector

DD Requirements for sampling location

© Dekati Ltd.

Advantages (I) – Dekati® Diluter

• Robust & easy to use – stainless steel & no moving parts

• Safe operation – dilution ratio always nominal (if exhaust led back to stack)

• Double diluter setup available for easy removal of volatile matter

• Dilution ratios up to 10 000 possible by connecting diluters in series

5/28/2010

6

© Dekati Ltd.

Advantages (II) – Dekati® Diluter

• Widely used in automotive industry

• Used as a sampling system in numerous published papers & articles

• Accessories available for automotive and stationary source applications

• Compatible with all other Dekati products

• Each unit calibrated with traceably calibrated flow and pressure sensors

DEED – Dekati® Engine Exhaust Diluter

• Complete compliance to PMP specifications

• Affordable

• Simple user interface

• Dilution ratio always constant, repeatability and reproducibility extremely high

• Can be used with ANY particle number or mass measurement device

• AK-protocol available

© Dekati Ltd.

5/28/2010

7

DEED Operation

© Dekati Ltd.© Dekati Ltd.

DEED Requirements for sampling location

• Pressurized air – Dilution

• Min 5 bar absolute pressure, max 9 bar

• 120lpm

• 160lpm with DEED-300

– Dilution air • Particle conc. < 0.1/cc

• RH: Non-condensing at –20°C

• Electricity– 1 outlet

– 2000W

• Sampling connection– Inlet: 3/8” female, 12mm tube connection provided

– Inlet for DEED-150: 10mm SwagelokTM

– Inlet for DEED-300: 12mm SwagelokTM

5/28/2010

8

© Dekati Ltd.

Fine Particle Sampler

FPS-4000 V2.0

© Dekati Ltd.

• Primary dilution– perforated tube dilution

– Cold or hot primary dilution

– Controlled dilution ratio

• Secondary dilution– Ejector type diluter acts as pump

– Cooling of sample

– Controlled dilution ratio

FPS operation principle

5/28/2010

9

© Dekati Ltd.

• Controllable– Dilution temperature – cold/hot

• 0-250(350)°C

– Dilution ratio• 1:20(10)-1:200

– Residence time• Residence time chamber & dilution ratio

• Measurements from low/high– Temperature 0-600°C

– Pressure 750-2000 mbar abs• Trap studies

• Continuous dilution ratio calculation– +/- 10% reading

• Data recording

• Integration to data logging systems– Analog outputs/inputs

FPS-4000 Properties

© Dekati Ltd.

• Data Recording

• Temperature and pressure monitoring

• Dilution ratio control

• Heater/Cooling control

• Flush

FPSVi

5/28/2010

10

© Dekati Ltd.

• Automotive exhaust dilution– Pre- and post after treatment devices

– PMP-studies

• Power plant flue gas dilution

• Small-scale stationary source dilution

• Laboratory / industrial source dilution

• Aerosol transformation research for all sources– Nucleation/Condensation studies

– Agglomeration studies

Applications

© Dekati Ltd.

Automotive sampling setup for FPS-4000

5/28/2010

11

• Stack heater + dilution air heater + mini-cyclone

Stack sampling setup for FPS-4000

© Dekati Ltd.

• Pressurized air – Heated dilution

• 250 lpm

• 5 bar absolute pressure (working pressure 4.5 bar abs)

– Cooled dilution• Additional 300 lpm if air cooling is used

– Dilution air • Particle conc. < 10 per cc

• RH < 5% at ambient temperature

– Cooling air • Non-condensing at –40°C

• Electricity– 1 outlet

– 2000W power requirement if all heaters turned on

• Sampling connection– NW/KF-40 flange

– Hole over 6mm in diameter

FPS Requirements for sampling location

5/28/2010

12

© Dekati Ltd.

FPS accessories

• Heaters for the first dilution stage + dilution air heater

• Vortex cooler for cooled dilution

• Residence time chamber for nucleation studies

• Pressurised air filtration and drying unit

• Automatic pressure regulator to keep the dilution air pressure stable

• Extension cables

• Instruments racks

• Etc

© Dekati Ltd.

Dekati® Axial Diluter DAD-100

5/28/2010

13

© Dekati Ltd.

DAD-100 operation principle

Pressurised and purified dilution air

High precision needle valve

Undiluted aerosol

Diluted aerosol drawn out by the measurement instrument

© Dekati Ltd.

DAD-100

• Simple dilution tool for any aerosol sample– Low consumption of dilution medium

• Measurement instrument inlet flow needs to be known– no problem with Dekati products

• Adjustable, but constant dilution ratio

• Calculation sheet provided with instrument

5/28/2010

14

© Dekati Ltd.

DAD-100 Requirements for sampling location

• 12mm pipe connection

• 5-30 LPM of purified pressurised air @ specified

pressure

© Dekati Ltd.

Dekati® DAD-100 Advantages

• Low price

• Low consumption of dilution medium

• Easy to apply to different setups

• Adjustable dilution ratio

• Extremely low losses

• Easy to use and maintenance

• Robust

5/28/2010

15

© Dekati Ltd.

Dekati® Thermodenuder

© Dekati Ltd.

• Heats exhaust gases up to 300°C

– most volatile components evaporate in vehicle exhaust

• Removes VOC with fibrous active carbon

• High volume flow rate, 10-20 LPM

Design of Dekati® Thermodenuder

Heater

Denuder – Activated carbon

5/28/2010

16

© Dekati Ltd.

• Easy- to-use design

Design of Dekati® Thermodenuder

© Dekati Ltd.

• Results measured for diesel exhaust with ELPI conditioning the sample

with Dekati® Thermodenuder

0.01 00.1 1 10

Dp [um]

No

rmali

sed

nu

mb

er

co

nc

en

trati

on

OFF

ON

Dp [um] 00.01 0.1 1 10

TD ON

TD OFF

Effect of TD by ELPI

5/28/2010

17

© Dekati Ltd.

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

1400000

1600000

0.01 0.1 1

Dmob

dN

/dlo

gD

mo

b

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

0.01 0.1 1

Dmob

dN

/dlo

gD

mo

b

Partial load

Full load

TD OFF

TD ON

Effect of TD by DMA+CPC

© Dekati Ltd.

• Pressurized air or water for cooling

• Electricity

– 1 outlet

– 350W power requirement

• Sampling connection

– 12 mm pipe

TD Requirements for sampling location

5/28/2010

18

© Dekati Ltd.

• Simple easy-to-use design

• Activated carbon as cartridges – easy to handle

• Operation proven in numerous articles

• High-flow design (10-20 LPM) – can supply sample to more than one instrument

• Correction algorithm for losses available – losses can be easily taken into account

Dekati® Thermodenuder

Dekati® Dryer

• Permapure Nafion® dryer designed for PM measurements

• Minimal particle losses

• 10 or 30lpm sample flow

© Dekati Ltd.

5/28/2010

19

© Dekati Ltd.

Particle drying

• No sample conditioning– particle bound water measured higher mass

result

– Number concentration reliable

• Removal of water to get

comparable results– Nafion® dryer applied, only water removed R

H incre

ases

Mass incre

ases

© Dekati Ltd.

Dekati® Dryer DD-600

Dry purge air

Wet purge air

Wet sample Dry sample

• Vacuum/pressurized air for drying

• Effect based on the tubing material, Nafion

=Teflon based polymer with sulphonic acid

groups in side chains

5/28/2010

20

© Dekati Ltd.

Dekati® Dryer DD-600 behaviour

• Permapure Nafion® dryer designed for PM measurements

• Minimal losses– Empirically and theoretically studied over the whole particle size range

• Diffusion: < 2 % (at Dp = 30 nm)

• Impaction: < 4 % (at Dp = 2.5 m)

• Drying efficiency– down to RH15%

© Dekati Ltd.

Dekati® Dryer setup

• Complete dryer setup DD-601

• OELPI-03/01

• SV65 pump needed for 30lpm ELPI

• PM10 inlet for 30lpm

– IPR-127

• TSP inlet for 30lpm

– IPR-126

• PM10 inlet for 10lpm

– IPR-227This valve is used for

pressure adjustment

This is on/off valve for

drying air

5/28/2010

21

© Dekati Ltd.

OELPITM with Dekati® Dryer

• Comparable results with reference methods– PM2.5 mass concentration

– Mass size distribution

– Number size distribution

– Total number concentration

• Dryer ON/OFF– Dry and wet particle concentrations

– Hygroscopic properties of particles

© Dekati Ltd.

Thank you for your attention

- Questions ?