Dekati Sample Conditioning Instruments - exisab.com · Dekati® Sample Conditioning Instruments ......
Transcript of Dekati Sample Conditioning Instruments - exisab.com · Dekati® Sample Conditioning Instruments ......
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Dekati® Sample Conditioning Instruments
• Dekati® Cyclones
• Dekati® Diluter
• Dekati® Axial Diluter -DAD
• FPS-4000 – Fine Particle Sampler
• DEED – Dekati® Engine Exhaust Diluter
• Dekati® Thermodenuder
• DD-600 – Dekati® Dryer
© Dekati Ltd.
Dekati® Cyclone SAC-65
• Pre-separator with 10μm cutpoint at 10lpm
• Stainless steel construction
• Designed according to EPA 201A
• Can be used in temperatures up to 600 °C
• Accessories include heaters for use
outside stack
• Excel sheet for exact cut point calculation
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Pre-separator
• Recommended to use pre-separator if– Concentration of particles >10 µm is high
– Sampling line is long and horizontal
• Dekati® Cyclones– SAC-65
• Cut-size 10 µm for 10 lpm flow @ 20°C/1013 mbar
• Port size 150 mm
• Isokinetic nozzles for 2-18 m/s gas flows
– FPS-cyclone
• Cut-size 2.5 µm for 8 lpm flow @ 20°C/1013 mbar
• Port size 100 mm
• Isokinetic nozzles for 4-25 m/s gas flows
Dekati® Diluter
• Ejector diluter DR ~8
• Stainless steel construction– Can be heated up 450 °C
• Full setups available for combustion and automotive
exhaust measurements– Double diluter setup for volatile matter removal
• Simple to use
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Dekati® Diluter – DI-1000
Inlet
Mixing chamberDilution air
inlet
Connection for
temperature
measurement
Outlet
• Simple construction
• Constant dilution ratio
~1:10
• Stainless steel
• Heatable, 2 diluters often
connected in series
(double diluter)
• Low losses
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Dilution Air
SAMPLE IN
Exhaust Air
SAMPLE OUT
• Low pressure caused by dilution air
flow in the nozzle sucks the sample
from the inlet
• Mixing in the mixing chamber
Dekati® Diluter
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Tailpipe:
- High concentration
- High temperature
- High vapour pressure
Hot Dilution
- Concentration decrease
- Vapour pressure decrease
- Temperature preserved
Cold Dilution:
- Concentration decrease
- Low vapour pressure => safe
temperature decrease
Dekati® Double Diluter Setup
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Double Diluter setup DI-2000
Diluter exhaust
back to stackPressurized air
heater
Pressurized air, 2 bar
Pressurized air dryer
and regulator unit
Dekati Diluter 1/10
Dekati Diluter 1/10
and insulated diluter
heater
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• Pressurized air
– For dilution
• 70 slpm *number of diluters
• 4 bar absolute pressure (working pressure 3 bar abs)
– Dilution air properties
• Particle conc. < 10 per cc
• RH < 5% at ambient temperature
• Electricity
– 2 outlets
– 1300W power requirement
• Sampling connection
– 12mm e.g. Swagelok pipe connector
DD Requirements for sampling location
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Advantages (I) – Dekati® Diluter
• Robust & easy to use – stainless steel & no moving parts
• Safe operation – dilution ratio always nominal (if exhaust led back to stack)
• Double diluter setup available for easy removal of volatile matter
• Dilution ratios up to 10 000 possible by connecting diluters in series
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Advantages (II) – Dekati® Diluter
• Widely used in automotive industry
• Used as a sampling system in numerous published papers & articles
• Accessories available for automotive and stationary source applications
• Compatible with all other Dekati products
• Each unit calibrated with traceably calibrated flow and pressure sensors
DEED – Dekati® Engine Exhaust Diluter
• Complete compliance to PMP specifications
• Affordable
• Simple user interface
• Dilution ratio always constant, repeatability and reproducibility extremely high
• Can be used with ANY particle number or mass measurement device
• AK-protocol available
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DEED Operation
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DEED Requirements for sampling location
• Pressurized air – Dilution
• Min 5 bar absolute pressure, max 9 bar
• 120lpm
• 160lpm with DEED-300
– Dilution air • Particle conc. < 0.1/cc
• RH: Non-condensing at –20°C
• Electricity– 1 outlet
– 2000W
• Sampling connection– Inlet: 3/8” female, 12mm tube connection provided
– Inlet for DEED-150: 10mm SwagelokTM
– Inlet for DEED-300: 12mm SwagelokTM
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Fine Particle Sampler
FPS-4000 V2.0
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• Primary dilution– perforated tube dilution
– Cold or hot primary dilution
– Controlled dilution ratio
• Secondary dilution– Ejector type diluter acts as pump
– Cooling of sample
– Controlled dilution ratio
FPS operation principle
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• Controllable– Dilution temperature – cold/hot
• 0-250(350)°C
– Dilution ratio• 1:20(10)-1:200
– Residence time• Residence time chamber & dilution ratio
• Measurements from low/high– Temperature 0-600°C
– Pressure 750-2000 mbar abs• Trap studies
• Continuous dilution ratio calculation– +/- 10% reading
• Data recording
• Integration to data logging systems– Analog outputs/inputs
FPS-4000 Properties
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• Data Recording
• Temperature and pressure monitoring
• Dilution ratio control
• Heater/Cooling control
• Flush
FPSVi
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• Automotive exhaust dilution– Pre- and post after treatment devices
– PMP-studies
• Power plant flue gas dilution
• Small-scale stationary source dilution
• Laboratory / industrial source dilution
• Aerosol transformation research for all sources– Nucleation/Condensation studies
– Agglomeration studies
Applications
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Automotive sampling setup for FPS-4000
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• Stack heater + dilution air heater + mini-cyclone
Stack sampling setup for FPS-4000
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• Pressurized air – Heated dilution
• 250 lpm
• 5 bar absolute pressure (working pressure 4.5 bar abs)
– Cooled dilution• Additional 300 lpm if air cooling is used
– Dilution air • Particle conc. < 10 per cc
• RH < 5% at ambient temperature
– Cooling air • Non-condensing at –40°C
• Electricity– 1 outlet
– 2000W power requirement if all heaters turned on
• Sampling connection– NW/KF-40 flange
– Hole over 6mm in diameter
FPS Requirements for sampling location
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FPS accessories
• Heaters for the first dilution stage + dilution air heater
• Vortex cooler for cooled dilution
• Residence time chamber for nucleation studies
• Pressurised air filtration and drying unit
• Automatic pressure regulator to keep the dilution air pressure stable
• Extension cables
• Instruments racks
• Etc
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Dekati® Axial Diluter DAD-100
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DAD-100 operation principle
Pressurised and purified dilution air
High precision needle valve
Undiluted aerosol
Diluted aerosol drawn out by the measurement instrument
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DAD-100
• Simple dilution tool for any aerosol sample– Low consumption of dilution medium
• Measurement instrument inlet flow needs to be known– no problem with Dekati products
• Adjustable, but constant dilution ratio
• Calculation sheet provided with instrument
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DAD-100 Requirements for sampling location
• 12mm pipe connection
• 5-30 LPM of purified pressurised air @ specified
pressure
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Dekati® DAD-100 Advantages
• Low price
• Low consumption of dilution medium
• Easy to apply to different setups
• Adjustable dilution ratio
• Extremely low losses
• Easy to use and maintenance
• Robust
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Dekati® Thermodenuder
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• Heats exhaust gases up to 300°C
– most volatile components evaporate in vehicle exhaust
• Removes VOC with fibrous active carbon
• High volume flow rate, 10-20 LPM
Design of Dekati® Thermodenuder
Heater
Denuder – Activated carbon
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• Easy- to-use design
Design of Dekati® Thermodenuder
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• Results measured for diesel exhaust with ELPI conditioning the sample
with Dekati® Thermodenuder
0.01 00.1 1 10
Dp [um]
No
rmali
sed
nu
mb
er
co
nc
en
trati
on
OFF
ON
Dp [um] 00.01 0.1 1 10
TD ON
TD OFF
Effect of TD by ELPI
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0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1400000
1600000
0.01 0.1 1
Dmob
dN
/dlo
gD
mo
b
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
0.01 0.1 1
Dmob
dN
/dlo
gD
mo
b
Partial load
Full load
TD OFF
TD ON
Effect of TD by DMA+CPC
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• Pressurized air or water for cooling
• Electricity
– 1 outlet
– 350W power requirement
• Sampling connection
– 12 mm pipe
TD Requirements for sampling location
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• Simple easy-to-use design
• Activated carbon as cartridges – easy to handle
• Operation proven in numerous articles
• High-flow design (10-20 LPM) – can supply sample to more than one instrument
• Correction algorithm for losses available – losses can be easily taken into account
Dekati® Thermodenuder
Dekati® Dryer
• Permapure Nafion® dryer designed for PM measurements
• Minimal particle losses
• 10 or 30lpm sample flow
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Particle drying
• No sample conditioning– particle bound water measured higher mass
result
– Number concentration reliable
• Removal of water to get
comparable results– Nafion® dryer applied, only water removed R
H incre
ases
Mass incre
ases
© Dekati Ltd.
Dekati® Dryer DD-600
Dry purge air
Wet purge air
Wet sample Dry sample
• Vacuum/pressurized air for drying
• Effect based on the tubing material, Nafion
=Teflon based polymer with sulphonic acid
groups in side chains
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Dekati® Dryer DD-600 behaviour
• Permapure Nafion® dryer designed for PM measurements
• Minimal losses– Empirically and theoretically studied over the whole particle size range
• Diffusion: < 2 % (at Dp = 30 nm)
• Impaction: < 4 % (at Dp = 2.5 m)
• Drying efficiency– down to RH15%
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Dekati® Dryer setup
• Complete dryer setup DD-601
• OELPI-03/01
• SV65 pump needed for 30lpm ELPI
• PM10 inlet for 30lpm
– IPR-127
• TSP inlet for 30lpm
– IPR-126
• PM10 inlet for 10lpm
– IPR-227This valve is used for
pressure adjustment
This is on/off valve for
drying air
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OELPITM with Dekati® Dryer
• Comparable results with reference methods– PM2.5 mass concentration
– Mass size distribution
– Number size distribution
– Total number concentration
• Dryer ON/OFF– Dry and wet particle concentrations
– Hygroscopic properties of particles
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Thank you for your attention
- Questions ?