DATA SHEET OF PURE ENERGY XL RECHARGEABLE ALKALINE CELLS...
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30 Pollard Street Richmond Hill, Ontario L4B 1C3 TEL: (905) 707-9577 FAX: (905) 707-7435
www.pureenergybattery.com
File: XL-Datasheet -AAA – April 2004
DATA SHEET OF PURE ENERGY XL RECHARGEABLE ALKALINE CELLS
Cell Size AAA Open Circuit Voltage 1.57 V Internal Resistance of Fresh cells approx. 0.200 Ω
30 mA to 0.9 V 800 125 mA to 0.9 V 750 300 mA to 0.8 V 600 500 mA to 0.8 V 450
Initial Typical Capacity 1), mAh
1000 mA to 0.8 V - Height, in. 1.740
Height, mm 44.2 Diameter, inch 0.402
Dimensions
Diameter, mm 10.2 Average Weight, g 11
Voltage Limit, V 1.65 + 0.05 V (for taper charge)
1.75/1.65V (for pulse charge)
Charging (Pulse/Taper) 2)
Max. Charge Current, A/cell
1 A
Operating Temperature 3) - 20ºC to + 60ºC Recommended + 15ºC to + 35ºC Storage
Temperature Tested Up to 70ºC Shelf life of Fresh Cells 5 to 7 years Cycle Life 4) 50 to 500 + 1) Aged cells may require intermittent discharge, which is the typical
consumer use, to achieve typical capacity. 2) Pulse Charge of XL RAM requires intelligent charger with a special
charging algorithm. Contact PEB for details. 3) Capacity from cells will be lower at lower temperatures 4) Cycle life will strongly depend on factors such as rate of discharge, end
point (cut -off) voltage and depth of discharge
Cell Construction
Fig. 1: Cross Sectional View of a AA Cell
Chemistry • MnO2 + H2O + e- <=> MnOOH + OH-
• Zn + 2 OH- <=> ZnO + H2O + 2 e-
• Zn + 2 MnO2 + H2O <=> ZnO + 2 MnOOH
• Aqueous potassium hydroxide solution Additional design considerations:
• Cells also have ‘anti-fade’ additives to promote rechargeability, catalysts to manage internal gas pressure, a semi -permeable membrane separator to prevent internal shorting and are limited to the ‘one-electron’ capacity of MnO2.
Discharge
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%% Capacity Utilization
Vo
lts
Load Current Range75 Ohm, approx. 18 to 12 mA10 Ohm, approx. 140 to 90 mA5.1 Ohm, approx. 250 to 180 mA3.9 Ohm, approx. 350 to 250 mA
Fig. 2: Normalized Discharge Voltage Curves
for AAA Cells to Estimate Available Capacity at Various Drain Rates.
Charge
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
1.25
1.50
1.75
2.00
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0Charge Time (hrs.)
No
Lo
ad V
olta
ge
- R
FV
(V
)
Charge Current
Voltage
Ch
arg
e C
urr
ent
(mA
)
500
250
750
Fig. 3: Typical Charge Curves for Fast Pulse
Charge of XL RECHARGEABLE ALKALINE AAA Cells.
30 Pollard Street Richmond Hill, Ontario L4B 1C3 TEL: (905) 707-9577 FAX: (905) 707-7435
www.pureenergybattery.com
File: XL-Datasheet -AAA – April 2004
Deep Discharge Cycling
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 10 20 30 40 50Cycles
Ser
vice
Tim
e (h
) .
Deep Discharge of AAA RAM™ Cells in every Cycle Discharge: Cont. 10 Ohm to 0.9V @ RT
Avg. Commercial RAM™
XL RAM™ w/ New Charger
XL RAM™ w/ Reg. Charger+47%
+24%
+50%
Fig. 4a: Deep Discharge Cycling Comparison of RECHARGEABLE ALKALINE AAA Cells on the IEC AudioPlayer Test (10 ohm load, approx. 100-125mA).
0
50
100
150
200
0 10 20 30 40 50Cycles
To
tal S
ervi
ce T
ime
(h)
.
Deep Discharge Cycling of AAA RAM™ Cells Discharge Load: Cont. 10 Ohm to 0.9V @ RT
+23%
Avg. Commercial RAM™
+114%
# o
f Alk
alin
e C
ell R
epla
cem
ents
5
10
15
20
XL RAM™ w/ Reg. Charger
XL RAM™ w/ New Charger
+39%+136%
Fig. 4b: Total Service Time on Deep Discharge Cycling of RECHARGEABLE ALKALINE AAA Cells on the IEC AudioPlayer Test (10 ohm load, approx. 100-125mA).
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7Time (h)
Vo
lts
10 1Cycle 2550
Fig. 4c: Deep Discharge Voltage Cycle Life of XL
RECHARGEABLE ALKALINE AAA Cells on the IEC AudioPlayer Test (10 ohm load, approx. 100-125mA).
Effect of Depth of Discharge
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
10 100 1000
Number of Cycles
Cap
acity
per
Cyc
le (A
h)
.
Cum
ulat
ive
Cap
acity
(Ah)
.
50
100
150
200
250
0
Fig.5: Performance Range of XL RECHARGEABLE
ALKALINE AAA Cells as Function of Depth of Discharge on Cycling, Full Recharge after each Shallow Discharge.
Effect of Temperature
0
25
50
75
100
125
150
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
Temperature, °C
No
min
al D
isch
arg
e C
apac
ity, %
Low rate discharge
Moderate ratedischarge
Fig.6: Effect of Temperature on Capacity of
RECHARGEABLE ALKALINE Cells. Self-Discharge Comparison
Capacity Loss
PE-XL
Orig. RAM™
NiCd NiMH
20°C/month <1% 1% 20% 25% 45°C/month 3% 5% 60% 80% 65°C/month 10% 20% 100% 100%
Shelf Life 7 yrs. 5 yrs. charge prior to
use
charge prior to use