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Slide 2 C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2 nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 19 Slide 3 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1.Contract verbs 2.Contract verbs in 3.Impersonal 4.Contract verbs in 5.Contract verbs in 6.Contract nouns and adjectives Slide 4 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1.Contract verbs 2.Contract verbs in 3.Impersonal 4.Contract verbs in 5.Contract verbs in 6.Contract nouns and adjectives Slide 5 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1. Contract verbs Contract verbs are verbs which have a stem ending in the vowels , , or . In Attic Greek (and hence in koine), these final vowels in the stems contract with the endings added to the verbs. In writings by authors in other dialects (e.g., Homer or Herodotus), these contractions do not occur and the regular full forms appear. This chapter presents the very straightforward rules for contracting these vowels and gives examples of each type of contract verb. Slide 6 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1. Contract verbs Vowels in contract verbs, and in Greek in general, usually combine in stable, predictable ways. Contract verbs use the same stems and endings as any regular verb. The fact that a verb has this contraction does not affect its meaning or translation in any way. Slide 7 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1. Contract verbs The contraction of vowels can affect the accent of the verb. To accent a contract verb: Accent the uncontracted form just like any regular verb. If the accent appears on the first of the two vowels which contract, then the resulting contraction has a circumflex accent. Otherwise, the accent is unchanged. Slide 8 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1.Contract verbs 2.Contract verbs in 3.Impersonal 4.Contract verbs in 5.Contract verbs in 6.Contract nouns and adjectives Slide 9 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 2. Contract verbs in The most common contract verbs are those with stems ending in - . The rules for contracting an are: + + or + or + Remember that + = the dipthong and + = the diphthong . Slide 10 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 2. Contract verbs in Pages 121-122 show an example of these contracted forms (with the uncontracted forms in parentheses) using the verb . For example: + + + + + Slide 11 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 2. Contract verbs in You have seen these contractions in several other contexts. For example, the second person singular middle/passive: + + + + + + () 2 nd sg imp. indic middle/passive () 2 nd sg aor. indic middle Slide 12 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 2. Contract verbs in You have seen these contractions in several other contexts. Chapter 13: , trireme singular Nom. Gen. () Dat. Acc. () Voc. plural Nom. () Gen. () Dat. Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom. Slide 13 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 2. Contract verbs in You have seen these contractions in several other contexts. Chapter 13 : , wall singular Nom. Gen. () Dat. Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom. plural Nom. () Gen. () Dat. Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom. Slide 14 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 2. Contract verbs in You have seen these contractions in several other contexts. Chapter 13 : , Socrates singular Nom. Gen. () Dat. Acc. () Voc. Slide 15 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1.Contract verbs 2.Contract verbs in 3.Impersonal 4.Contract verbs in 5.Contract verbs in 6.Contract nouns and adjectives Slide 16 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 3. Impersonal A very common -contract verb is which exists only in the 3 rd person singular and means it is necessary. . It is necessary for us to flee. We have to (must) flee. . It will be necessary for us to flee. We will have to flee. . It was necessary for us to flee. We had to flee. Slide 17 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1.Contract verbs 2.Contract verbs in 3.Impersonal 4.Contract verbs in 5.Contract verbs in 6.Contract nouns and adjectives Slide 18 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 4. Contract verbs in The next most common contract verbs are those with stems ending in - . The rules for contracting an are: + + + or or Remember that + = the dipthong and + = the diphthong . Slide 19 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 4. Contract verbs in Pages 123-124 show an example of these contracted forms (with the uncontracted forms in parentheses) using the verb . For example: + + + + + Slide 20 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 4. Contract verbs in Notice there is one form which seems to be an exception: + + but (present infinitive active) This happens because, historically, the ending of the infinitive is itself a contraction, so the full contraction runs Slide 21 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 4. Contract verbs in You have seen these contractions in another context. For example, second person singular aorist middle: + + + () + + Slide 22 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 4. Contract verbs in These contractions appear in several other contexts. very few nouns, most importantly , prize and , old age, have stems ending in -, which then contract. This textbook does not use any of these nouns. Slide 23 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1.Contract verbs 2.Contract verbs in 3.Impersonal 4.Contract verbs in 5.Contract verbs in 6.Contract nouns and adjectives Slide 24 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 5. Contract verbs in The least common contract verbs are those with stems ending in - . The rules for contracting an are: + + + or or Remember that + = the dipthong and + = the diphthong . Slide 25 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 5. Contract verbs in Page 125 shows an example of these contracted forms (with the uncontracted forms in parentheses) using the verb . For example: + + + + + Slide 26 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 5. Contract verbs in Notice there is one form which seems to be an exception: + + but (present infinitive active) This happens because, historically, the ending of the infinitive is itself a contraction, so the full contraction runs Slide 27 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 5. Contract verbs in These contractions are less common but do appear in other contexts. One noun in Greek has a stem ending in -: , shame, which then contracts. It has only singular forms. Slide 28 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 5. Contract verbs in These contractions are less common but do appear in other contexts. There are rare adjectives with and contraction: + + + or or simple Slide 29 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 Looking up a Greek verb A contract verb is always listed in a vocabulary or lexicon in its uncontracted form, so you can see the vowel ending the stem. love honor show Slide 30 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 Looking up a Greek verb Contract verbs normally lengthen their vowel in the other principal parts: , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Slide 31 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 Looking up a Greek verb Verbs whose stems end in are very stable and regular: , , , , , The stems of Greek verbs never end in any vowel but , , , or . Slide 32 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 1.Contract verbs 2.Contract verbs in 3.Impersonal 4.Contract verbs in 5.Contract verbs in 6.Contract nouns and adjectives Slide 33 Shelmerdine Chapter 16 6. Contract nouns and adjectives One important noun, earth, has a stem ending in . This then contracts with the endings. The contractions is apparent from the circumflex accent on the endings. singular () () () () () Slide 34 Shelmerdine Chapter 16 6. Contract nouns and adjectives One important noun, mind, has a stem ending in . This then contracts with the endings. The contractions are apparent in two ways Every form has a circumflex accent on the ending. The endings and contract to and . singular Voc. plural Voc. = nom. Slide 35 Shelmerdine Chapter 16 6. Contract nouns and adjectives A few adjectives have stems ending in . This then contracts with the adjective endings. The contractions are apparent in two ways Every form has a circumflex accent on the ending. The endings and contract to and . Slide 36 Shelmerdine Chapter 16 8. Contract nouns and adjectives Thus the masculine forms of the contract adjective silver singular Voc. = nom. plural Voc. = nom. Slide 37 Shelmerdine Chapter 16 8. Contract nouns and adjectives Thus the feminine forms of the contract adjective gold singular Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Voc. = Nom. plural Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Voc. = Nom. Slide 38 Shelmerdine Chapter 16 8. Contract nouns and adjectives But, as with first declension nouns, if the stem of the adjective (before the ) ends in , then a long replaces the in the singular. Thus the feminine forms of the contract adjective silver: singular Nom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Voc. = Nom. Slide 39 Shelmerdine Chapter 16 8. Contract nouns and adjectives Thus the neuter forms of the contract adjective silver singular Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom. plural Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom. Slide 40 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 for tomorrow (Tuesday, February 1, 2011): Quiz: Write out the chart of vowel contractions on page 121. Prepare the reading Xerxes and the Helmsman for class. Slide 41 February 3 Curse of the Faceless Man (1958) A gladiator buried in the lava of Pompeii returns to life in modern times to find his conveniently reincarnated beloved and in the process kills anyone he meets since they're in this movie he figures they deserve it. Come with a friend to this schlocky drive-in horror classic you won't want to go home alone! 67 minutes March 3 "The Death of Socrates" (1953) and "The Assassination of Julius Caesar" (1953) from the TV series You Are There The imaginative television series You Are There (1953-1957) recreated history as though a modern television news team was present to cover the events. The show was hosted by future television news legend Walter Cronkite. Our two episodes feature a number of future stage, television, and movie greats, including a very young Paul Newman. The Socrates episode was directed by television and movie legend Sidney Lumet. 60 minutes March 31 "Who Mourns for Adonais?" episode of Star Trek (1967) In this episode of the groundbreaking Sci-Fi series the god Apollo seizes the Enterprise and demands the worship of its crew. Will Captain Kirk support this? Will the captain's girdle support him? Come see. 50 minutes April 28 Romulus and Remus (1961) Our video series concludes by honoring Rome's birthdaya week late because of spring breakwith a cinematic retelling of the city's founding. This muscleman epic is noteworthy for the presence of the two most famous stars of the genre: Steve Reeves with his 17 -inch biceps, and Gordon Scott with his 19-inch biceps. One of them will out-pose the other and have an empire named for him. 89 thrilling minutes! Kwirky Klassics Video Series Relatively short films and episodes from classic television shows that treat the ancient world in a peculiar way All presentations start at 6:30 p.m. in the Foreign Language Lab, 234 Prescott Hall. Screenings are on Thursday evenings. Slide 42 February 3 Curse of the Faceless Man (1958) A gladiator buried in the lava of Pompeii returns to life in modern times to find his conveniently reincarnated beloved and in the process kills anyone he meetssince they're in this movie he figures they deserve it. Come with a friend to this schlocky drive-in horror classic you won't want to go home alone! 67 minutes Kwirky Klassics Video Series Relatively short films and episodes from classic television shows that treat the ancient world in a peculiar way All presentations start at 6:30 p.m. in the Foreign Language Lab, 234 Prescott Hall. Screenings are on Thursday evenings. Slide 43 Macedonia Slide 44 Strymon River Hellespont Slide 45 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 , , , . , . Slide 46 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 , , , . , . Slide 47 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 , , , . , . Slide 48 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 , , , . , , . , . Slide 49 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 , , , . , , . , . Slide 50 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 , , , , . , , . , . Slide 51 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 , , , , , . Slide 52 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 , , , , , . Slide 53 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 , , , , , . Slide 54 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 22 , , , , 23 . go away demon power I knew - throw away that those who break the law () future of Lord never declare prophesy Slide 55 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 24 , . build a home resemble, be like (anyone) who (masc sg nom.) each rock these thoughtful, intelligent Slide 56 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 25 , , . wind - rain (3d pl aor.indic act) come it has been established (3d sg aor.indic act) walk down, come rock breathe, blow - fall on Slide 57 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 26 , . who hears sand - - moronic, stupid, foolish build a home resemble, be like (anyone) who (masc sg nom.) each who does these Slide 58 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 27 , , . wind - rain (3d pl aor.indic act) come (3d sg aor.indic act) walk down, come rock breathe, blow - fall on fall, collapse Slide 59 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 for tomorrow (Thursday February 3, 2011): Quiz: Chapter 19 Vocabulary. omit , , Read Chapter 20 and begin reading Polycrates and the Ring 1: Advice from Amasis. Slide 60 Shelmerdine Chapter 19 for tomorrow (Wednesday February 2, 2011): Quiz: parsing on Xerxes and the Helmsman Read Chapter 20 and begin reading Polycrates and the Ring 1: Advice from Amasis.