CS621 : Artificial Intelligence
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Transcript of CS621 : Artificial Intelligence
CS621 : Artificial Intelligence
Pushpak BhattacharyyaCSE Dept., IIT Bombay
Lecture 15
OWL ontology: An example
Ontology: Building blocks
Concepts Relationships instances
Fundamental relationships Hypernymy
Subclass (man mammal Membership (Ram ε man)
Meronymy (part whole) (hand part-of body)
Medical Ontologies are famous and elaborate
UMLS, From National Library of Medicine
MeSH (Medical Subject headings (MeSH)
NCI (National Cancer Institute Thesaurus)
UMLS semantic n/w Major groupings of semantic types
include organisms, anatomical structures, biologic function, chemicals, events, physical objects, and concepts or ideas.
Is-a hierarchy Non-hierarchical relations:`physically
related to,' `spatially related to,' `temporally related to,' `functionally related to,' and `conceptually related to.'
Web ontology language
OWL lite OWL DL OWL full
Structure of OWL document Name space
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl# Name Space name owl OWL header: version information,
ontology comments, import statements, title, creator etc.
Owl:imports used to import other ontologies
Property restriction Value restrictions
OWL: AllValuesFrom OWL: SomeValuesFrom OWL: hasValue
Cardinality restrictions OWL: minCardinality OWL: maxCardinality OWL: cardinality
Complex classes
Owl: Union Of Owl: IntersectionOf Owl: ComplementOf
Example ontology
An example from NCI: top level ontology of “disease treatment”
Disease-Treatment hasCondition: Condition hasTreatment: Treatment hasDisease: Disease hasEffect: Effect hasEvidence: Evidence
Disease class Equated to Disease, Disorder or finding Class Disease, Disorder or finding
Disease or Disorder Behaviour disorder Cancer condition Disorder by site Genetic disorder Hamartoma Neoplasm
Neoplasm by site Neoplasm by morphology
polyp Finding
Properties associated with disease
hasLocationAnatomy (equated with Anatomic Structure, System or Substance)
hasSizeQuantity hasDurationQuantity atStageDiseaseStage
Quantity class
<Quantity> <Quantityvalue rdf:datatype=float>
59.5 </Quantityvalue> <QuantityUnit rdf:resource=Kilogram>
KG </ <QuantityUnit>
</Quantity>
Anatomic Structure, System or Substance class Anatomic Structure, System or
Substance Body cavity Body Fluid or substance Body Part
Anatomic Surface Cardiovascular System Cell part Fossa Gastrointestinal System part
Anterior surface of stomach Antrum Pylori Appendix
Treatment Class link
Two subproperties hasPrimaryTreatment and hasSeconderyTreatment
Subclasses Chemotherapy Regimen Drug, Food. Chemical or Biomedical
Material Intervention or Procedure
Two general properties of the treatment class
HasfrequencyAdminstrationFrequency (3 times a day, every 4 hours etc.)
hasDuration AdminsitrationDuration (10 days, one month etc.)
Properties of Drug, Food and Chemicals class link
hasAdministration: AdminsitrationMethod
hasDosage: Dosage
An actual instance of dosage
MDT-1 administration: Drug,Food,Chemicals Dosage: 109 cfu AdministrationFrequency: 3 times a
week AdministrationDuration: 4 weeks
The Effect Class atTImeTemporalObject (how long after the treatment does
the effect occur) hasMeasurementMethodMeasurementMethod hasModalityModality (degree of confidence “posible”,
“probable”, “unlikely” etc.) hasEffectObjectEfffectObject (the object upon which the
effect occurs, e.g., “skin”) hasObjectAttributeObjectAttribute (the specific attribute
being effected, e.g., “colour”) hasEffectTypeEffectType (e.g. “reduce”, “inhibit”, “prevent”,
“remove”) hasEffectvalueEffectValue( specifies the direction and extent
of the effect) hasEvidenceEvidence (to link the details of the research
study and results)
Condition class Three subclasses PatientCondition (age, gender,
hasMedicalhistory etc.) DiseaseCondition (presence of disease, e.g.,
diabetes will indicate a different line of treatment)
TreatmentCondition (supportive/optiona/recommended medical environment prior to or during the treatment and includes the property TreatmentHistory, e.g., a certain chemotherapy was done three weeks back)
Evidence class Providedby Organization (e.g., NIMH) hasResearchLocationLocation (e.g., TMH,
Mumbai) hasResearchTypeResearchType (e.g.,
systematic review, randomized control trial, animal studies etc.)
hasExperimentalSubject ExperimentalSubject (e.g., person, mouse etc.)
hasSampleSizeQuantity hasDurationTemporalQuantityQuantity
Automation effort
Extarction by a program from Medical Abstracts
Research at NTU, Signapore uner Prof. Christopher Khoo