C=O (acid) bond (0.125 nm) C=O bond (0.122 nm) C-O (acid) bond (0.131 nm) C-O bond (0.143 nm)

Base EWG in α-C

accelerate

B.S.: MIT (1977-1981, prof. William R. Roush) PD& Postdoc: Harvard University (1981-1986, prof. E.J. Corey) Research: synthesis and study of complex molecules of importance in biology and human medicine http://faculty.chemistry.harvard.edu/myers/pages/research

Prof: Andrew G. Myers Amory Houghton Professor

In Harvard University

Prof: Lukas J. Gooßen TU Kaiserslautern

https://www.chemie.uni-kl.de/goossen/home/

Prof. Lei Liu Tsinghua University

aromatic acid aliphatic acid

EWG in α-C

EWG in β-C

Without EWG

EWG in α-C

EWG in β-C

Without EWG

Bode, J.W., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 513

Kanai, M & Shibasaki, Tetrahedron 2012, 68, 3497

Yao, F. & Lei, L., Sci, China, Chem., 2012, 55, 2057

EWG in α-C

EWG in β-C

Without EWG

Shair, M.D., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 1032

EWG in α-C

EWG in β-C

Without EWG

Xiao, W.J., Angew.Chem. Int.Ed. 2015, 54,11196 –11199