Ckvemw-aXw · Ckvemw-aXw A_p¬-A-Avem auZqZn hnh¿Ø\w: hn.-]n. apl-Ω-Zen `mjm-]-cn-jvI-cWw:...

$: Ckvemw-aXw · Ckvemw-aXw A_p¬-A-Avem auZqZn hnh¿Ø\w: hn.-]n. apl-Ω-Zen `mjm-]-cn-jvI-cWw: s{]m^. sI.-]n. Iam-ep-±o ...$
Ckvemw-aXw

A_p¬-A-Avem auZqZn

hnh¿Ø\w:

hn.-]n. apl-Ω-Zen

`mjm-]-cn-jvI-cWw:

s]m^. sI.-]n. Iam-ep-±o≥

Ckvem-anIv ]ªn-jnwKv lukvtImgn-t°mSv

6 CkvemwaXw

]kvXm-h\

]kn≤ Ckvem-anI Nn¥-I\pw ]WvUn-X-\p-amb auem\mA_p¬ AAvem auZq-Zn-bpsS "cnkmse Zo\n-øm-Øn's‚]cn- m-j-bmWv "Ckvemw aXw'. Fgp-]-Xn-e-[nIw `mj-I-fn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏´ hnJymX KŸ-am-Wn-Xv. ae-bm-f-Øn¬Øs∂ CXn-s‚ ]Xn-\mev ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ CXn\Iw]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏- n- p-≠v. CX-tbsd hmb-\-°msc e`n®thsd Hcn-kvem-anI KŸhpw Ct∂mfw shfn®w I≠n- n-√.

"cnkmse Zo\n-ømØn's‚ Cw•ojv ]Xn∏v Xøm-dm-°nb s]m^. Jp¿inZv AlvaZv Fgp-Xnb Ah-Xm-cn-Ibpw]T-\m¿l-amb ASn-°p-dn-∏p-Ifpw Cu ]Xn-∏n¬ hnh¿Ø-\w sNbvXv tN¿Øn- p-≠v. s]m^. sI.-]n. Iam-ep-±o≥ Bh-iy-amb `mjm-]-cn-jvI-cWw hcp-Øn-bn- p-≠v.

Cu al-ZvKŸw kXym-t\z-jn-Iƒs°mcp am¿K-Zo-]-am-bn-Øo-cs´ F∂ ]m¿Y-\-tbmsS klr-Z-b-k-a£wka¿∏n-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p.

˛ ]km-[-I¿

c≠mw ]Xn-∏ns‚

hnh¿Ø-I-°p-dn∏v

Ckvem-ans‚ kpµ-c-cq]w tIc-fo-b¿°v Kln-°p-hm≥ DX-Ip∂ Ckvem-anI KŸ-ßƒ ae-bmf `mj-bn¬ Xptemw Ipd-hm-sW∂ hkvXpX F√m-hcpw Hcp-t]mse Kln-®n-cn-°p∂ Hcp ]c-am¿Y-amWv. Cu Ipdhv ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ASp-Ø-Im-e-Ømbn ]e am\y-∑mcpw cwK-Øn-d-ßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv Bim-h-lw-Xs∂. Ah-cpsS ]cn-i-a- -e-ambn Ckvem-anIkmln-Xy-Øn∂v ae-bm-f-`m-j-bn¬ ]m_eyw IqSn-s°m-≠p-h-cn-I-bmWv.F∂m¬, Ckvem-ans‚ bYm¿t∞m-t±iyw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°m≥ ]cym-]vX-ambKŸ-ßƒ C\nbpw th≠X D≠m-bn-°-gn-™n- n-s√∂p ]d-bmsX \nhr-Øn-bn√. Ckvem-ans‚ ]q¿hnI amlm-fly-ß-sfbpw al¬Ir-Xy-ß-sfbpw]mSn-∏p-IgvØn AXns‚ kvamcIw \ne-\n-dp-Øn-t∏m-cpI, Ckvem-ans‚ GsX-¶nepw Hcp `mK-Øn∂v ASn-ÿm-\-sØ-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ ]m[m\yw \evInAXn-∂mbn hmZn-°pI, sXt‰m icntbm Fs∂m∂pw t\m°msX temIØv]N-cn-®p-I-gn-™n-´p≈ GXm-Z¿i kn≤m-¥hpw Ckvem-an-t‚-Xm-sW∂psXfn-bn-°m≥ ]mSp-s]-SpI, tIhew \n m-c-kw-K-Xn-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am°napkvenw-I-fn¬ B`y-¥-c-I-e-l-ßfpw Ipg-∏-ß-fp-ap-≠m-°p-hm≥ t]cW\evIpI, C¥y-bv°-IØpw ]pdØpw c-Wm-[n-]-≥am-cmbn hmWn-cp∂ AI-an-Ifpw [q¿Øcpw Zp¿am¿Kn-I-fp-amb "apkvenw cmPm-°-≥am¿°p'th≠nhmZn-°pI, h¿K ]£-]m-X-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ CXc kap-Zm-b-ßƒs°-Xn-cn¬ shdp∏pw hntZz-jhpw krjvSn-°pI XpS-ßnb tkh-\-ß-fmWv \ne-hn-ep≈ IrXn-I-fn¬ `qcn- m-Khpw \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-sX∂p hyk-\-k-taXw ]d-tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. Hcm-[p-\nI hnZym¿Yn-bpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬DZv`-hn-°p∂, Ckvemw F∂m¬ F¥v F∂ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb tNmZy-Øn\p X° DØcw \evIp-hm≥ Ah apXn¿∂p ImWp-∂n√.

C\n, Chn-SsØ aX-]-T\ kº-Zm-b-am-sW-¶n¬, AXpw IqSp-X-sem∂pwBim-P-\-I-a√. Ad_n `mj-bnepw amXr-`m-j-bnepw aX-]-T-\-Øn-\p≈G¿∏m-Sp-Iƒ tIc-f-Øn¬ [mcm-f-ap-s≠∂ hkvXpX hnkva-cn-°-Ø-°-X-s√-¶nepw Kuc-h-ap≈ bmsXmcp e£yhpw Ah-bv°n-√m-Ø-Xn≥ e-ambn

10 CkvemwaXw

AXpw an°-hmdpw \njv -e-am-bn-°-gn-™n-cn-°-bmWv. Pohn-X-Øns‚ shdp-samcp D]-h-Ip-s∏∂ ho£-W-amWv, Ht´sd Ad_n hnZym¿Yn-Ifpw Cw•ojvhnZym¿Yn-Ifpw Ckvem-an-s\- w-_-‘n®v kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv. Ckvemw ssZh-Øm¬ \evI-s∏´ imiz-Xhpw ]cn-]q¿W-hp-amb Pohn-X-hy-h-ÿ-bm-sW∂pwPohn-XsØ apgp-h-\p-am-W-Xm-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-∂p-ap≈ bmYm¿Yyw Ah-cpsSPohn-X-co-Xn-bn¬ Xotc ]I-S-ambn ImWp-∂n√.

B[p-\nI hnZym¿Yn-I-fpsS A`n-cp-Nn-s°m-Ø-hÆw Ah¿°v Ckvem-anI hnZym-`ymkw \evIm-Xn-cp-∂-Xns‚ ^e-ambn Ckvem-an-t\m-S-h¿°vAh⁄ P\n-°p-Ibpw bqtdm-∏n¬\n∂pw Cd-°p-aXn sNø-s∏´ \mkvXn-I-Xz-a-b-amb kb≥kns\ ssZh-hm-Iy-sa-t∂mWw Ah¿ IÆ-S®p hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ckvem-an-s\bpw a\pjy \n¿anX hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°p-]-cn-bmbn Ckvem-an\p≈ amlm-fly-sØbpw AXns‚ ]mtbm-Kn-I-X-sbbpwIpdn®v Bcw- -Øn¬Xs∂ Imcy-Im-c-W-k-lnXw Kln-°m-Xn-cp-∂-XmWv CXn-s\-√m-ap≈ GI ImcWw. AXn-\m¬, Ckvem-ans‚ auen-I-kn-≤m-¥-ßfpwBZ¿i e£y-ßfpw AXns‚ ]mtbm-Kn-I-Xbpw C∂sØ akvXn-jvI-ßsfBI¿jn-°p-amdv bp‡n-bp‡w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-sb-∂Xv Ahiyw Bh-iy-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p∂p. Ckvemw CXc aX-ß-sf-t∏mse shdpw Nne ]qP-Iƒ amX-a√; ]XypX, a\p-jy-Po-hn-XsØ BI-am\w hnP-b-]-Z-am-°n-Øo¿°p-hm≥ ssZh-Øm¬ \evI-s∏´ ]cn-]q¿W PohnX ]≤-Xn-bmWv.kakvX temI-sØbpw AXns‚ ]Ir-Xn-sbbpw krjvSn® AtX ssZhwXs∂ \n¿an-®-Xm-I-sIm≠v, temI ]Ir-Xn-tbmSv XnI®pw tbmPn-°p∂ HcpaXw AYhm Pohn-X-]-≤Xn Ckvemw H∂p amX-ta-bp≈q. AX-\p-k-cn®vPohn-°p-∂XpsImt≠ a\p-jy∂v im¥nbpw kam-[m-\hpw ssIh-cn-I-bp≈q.Cu ]c-am¿Y-ßƒ temIw Adn-™n-cn-t°-≠Xv F∂-tØ-Xn-ep-a-[nIw AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-bn-cn-°-bm-Wn∂v.

CØcw Bh-iy-ßƒ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p∂ KŸ-ßƒ C¥y-bpsS CX-c-`m-K-ß-fn¬ Iptd-sbms° ]Nm-c-Øn¬ h∂p-I-gn-™n- p-s≠-¶nepw, mjmsshhn[yw aqew Ah-bpsS DØa e-ß-fm-kz-Zn-°p-hm≥ Chn-SsØ s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ°v km[n-°p-∂n√. AXn-\m¬, AØcw hnin-jvS-K-Ÿ-ßƒ ae-bm-f- m-j-bn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXv tIc-fo-b¿°pw Ah-bpsS D≈-S°wKln-°p-hm≥ Ah-k-cw D≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-°pI F∂Xv C∂sØ ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-bn¬ ]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p∂ Hcp tkh-\-amWv. ]kvXpX Dt±-iy-\n¿h-l-W-Øn¬ A]-[m-\-a-√mØ Hcp ]¶v hln-°p-sa∂ ]Xo-£-bmWv Cu]cn-i-a-Øn\v Rßƒ°v ]tNm-Z\w \evIn-bn-´p-≈Xv. Rß-fpsS ]Xo-£sb CsX-X-amXw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂p-s≠∂v hmb-\-°m¿ Xs∂ Xo¿®-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≈s´. auem\m kønZv A_p¬-A-Avem auZqZn Ah¿IƒD¿Zp-hn¬ cNn® "cnkmse Zo\n-ømØv' F∂ KŸ-Øns‚ ]cn- m-j-bm-WnXv.kpam¿ ]Xn-s\´v h¿j-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ ]Xn-\mev ]Xn-∏p-I-fn-embn aqe-K-Ÿ-Øns‚ Fgp-]-Xn-\m-bn-c-Øn¬∏cw ]Xn-Iƒ ]kn-≤o-Ir-X-am-bn-´p≠v.Cw•ojv, lnµn, Xangv XpS-ßnb `mj-I-fnepw ]e h¿j-ß-fmbn A-Xns‚FXtbm ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-bn- p≠v. CønsS Ua-kvI-kn¬-\n∂v Ad-_n- m-j-bnepw AXv ]kn-≤-oIrXam-bn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p∂p. AXv ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ Ua-kvI-knse hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

11Ah-Xm-cnI

A[n-Ir-X-hr-Ø-ß-fn¬\n∂v A\p-Iqeamb adp-]Sn e`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≠v.

ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ]kvXpX KŸw BZy-ambn ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®Xv 1945 BK-kvXn-em-bn-cp∂p. 1942 n_-h-cn--bn¬ ]kn-≤o-I-cn® aqe-K-Ÿ-Øns‚ \memw]Xn∏v apºn¬sh-®m-bn-cp∂p ]cn- mj \S-∂Xv. C∂m-Is´, aqe-KŸw ]Xn-\memw ]Xn-∏p-hsc FØn-bn-cn-°-bmWv. CXn-\n-S°v KŸ-I¿Ømhv Xs∂aqe-K-Ÿ-Øn¬ Nn√d am‰-Øn-cp-Ø¬ hcp-Øp-Ibpw Nne ]pXnb Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ Iq´n-t®¿°p-Ibpw sNbvXn- p≠v. aqe-K-Ÿ-Øns‚ \ne-hn-en-cn-°p∂]Xn-\memw ]Xn∏v apºn¬sh®v BZy¥w ]cn-tim-[n-®-Xn\p ]pdta `mjm-]-c-ambpw a‰pw Nne ]cn-jvI-c-W-ßƒ hcp-Øn-s°m-≠mWv Ct∏mƒ Cuc≠mw ]Xn∏v ]pd-Øn-d-°p-∂Xv. CXn-∂-\p-K-ln® A√m-lpsh kvtXmXwsNøp-Ibpw Cu ]cn-i-asØ k¬°¿a-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ Ah-t\mSv]m¿Yn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm≠v Cu KŸw s]mXp-P-\-k-a£w ka¿∏n-®p-sIm-≈p∂p.

FS-bq¿

1. 4. '55 ˛apl-Ω-Zen

13Ah-Xm-cnI

D≈-S°w

BapJw ..................................................................................................................... 15

Ah-Xm-cnI .............................................................................................................. 17

1. Ckvemw ....................................................................................... 27"Ckveman's‚ A¿Yw ........................................................................................ 27

Ckvem-ans‚ bmYm¿Yyw .................................................................................. 28

ssZh-\n-tj-[Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw ................................................................. 29

\ntj-[Øns‚ sISp-Xn-Iƒ ............................................................................ 30

Ckvem-ans‚ kZv -e-ßƒ .............................................................................. 33

2. hnizm-khpw A\p-k-c-Whpw .................................................. 38"hnizmk'Øns‚ A¿Yw .................................................................................. 39

⁄m\e_v[nbpsS am¿Kßƒ...................................................................... 40

AZr-iy-Im-cy-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw................................................................ 42

3. ]hm-N-IXzw .............................................................................. 43]hm-N-I-Xz-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw ..................................................................... 43

]hm-N-Is\ Fßs\ Xncn-®-dn-bmw? ........................................................... 45

]hm-N-Is\ A\p-k-cn-°¬............................................................................ 45

]hm-N-I-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p∂-sX-¥n\v? ....................................................... 47

]hm-N-I-Xzw˛ kw£n]vX NcnXw ............................................................... 48

apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS ]hm-N-IXzw ................................................................. 52

apl-Ω-Zv -\-_n-bpsS ]hm-N-I-Xzw˛ sXfn-hp-Iƒ ..................................... 53

]hm-N-IXz ]cnkam]vXn˛ sXfn-hp-Iƒ ..................................................... 61

14 CkvemwaXw

4. hnizmk Imcy-ßƒ ................................................................. 64ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw ................................................................................. 65

hnip≤ hmIy-Øns‚ A¿Yw ......................................................................... 66

hnip≤ hmIy-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ....................................................................... 66

GI-ssZh hnizm-k-Øns‚ ^eßƒ ......................................................... 70

ae-°p-I-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw ............................................................................... 74

ssZh-K-Ÿ-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw ................................................................... 76

hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ............................................................. 77

ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cn-ep≈ hnizmkw ...................................................................... 79

]c-tem-I-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw........................................................................... 81

]c-tem-I-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX ......................................................... 81

]c-tem-I-hn-izm-kw bp‡n-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬........................................ 83

]cn-ip≤ hmIyw ................................................................................................... 86

5. A\p-jvTm-\I¿a-ßƒ .............................................................. 87C_m-Z-Øns‚ hnh£....................................................................................... 87

\a-kvImcw .............................................................................................................. 89

hXm-\p-jvTm\w ..................................................................................................... 91

kImØv ................................................................................................................... 92

l÷v ........................................................................................................................ 94

Ckvem-anI tkh\w........................................................................................... 96

6. Zo\pw ico-AØpw .................................................................... 98ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-Iƒ Fßs\ Adn-bmw? ............................................ 99

^nJvlv ..................................................................................................................... 99

Xk-∆p^v ................................................................................................................ 101

7. ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-Iƒ ........................................................ 103\mev Ah-Im-i-ßƒ .......................................................................................... 106

ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ .......................................................................... 106

tZ-l-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ............................................................................ 109

ka-kr-jvSn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ ............................................................... 110

CXc krjvSn-I-fp-sS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ........................................................... 116

ico-A-Øv˛ km¿h-P-\o-\w, imizXw .......................................................... 117

15Ah-Xm-cnI

BapJwCu KŸw sslkvIq-fp-I-fn¬ Ah-km\ ¢mkp-I-fntem tImtf-Pp-I-fn¬BZy-¢m-kp-I-fntem ]Tn-°p∂ hnZym¿Yn-Isf Dt±-in-s®-gp-Xn-b-XmWv.hn⁄m\ kºm-Z-\m¿Yw s]mXpth ]mcm-bWw sNøp-∂-h¿°pw CXvklm-b-I-am-bn-cn°pw. CXns‚ H∂mw ]Xn-∏p-Xs∂ C¥y-bnse FXtbmhnZym-e-b-ßƒ Db¿∂ ¢mkp-I-fn¬ AwKo-I-cn-®n- p≠v. Ct∏mƒ CXv Bh-iy-amb Nne ]cn-jvI-c-W-ßƒ hcp-Øn-s°m-≠mWv ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv.

hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v IqSp-X-embpw I¿a-]-c-amb hnj-b-ßƒ ]Tn-∏n-°pIF∂p-≈-XmWv \ΩpsS CS-bn¬ A[ym-]\ hnj-b-Øn¬ s]mXpth kzoI-cn-®n- p≈ kº-Zmbw. AXn¬ \a-kvImcw, t\mºv, ip≤o-I-cWw F∂n-h-bpsSbpw Cu C\-Øn¬s∏´ a‰p I¿a-ß-fp-sSbpw hnh-c-W-am-Wp-≠m-bn-cn-°pI. hnizm-k-]-c-amb kwK-Xn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ A[y-b\w Xmc-X-tay\ Ipd-hm-bn-cn°pw. C\n Aev]w h√-Xp-ap-s≠-¶n¬ Xs∂ AXv Bim-kyhpwê-]-Z-hp-amb hn[-Øn-em-Ip-∂p-an√. Ckvemw F¥v? AXns‚ e£y-sa¥v?Ckvem-anI BZ¿i-hn-izm-k-ßƒ°v a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-hp-am-bp≈ _‘-sa¥v?Ckvemw kzoI-cn-°p-∂XpsIm≠p≈ ]tbm-P-\hpw kzoI-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p≈ \jvS-hp-sa¥v? òj-Wnbpw _e-]-tbm-Khpw hgn-bmtWmCkvemw BZ¿i-kn-≤m-¥-ßƒ AwKo-I-cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv; AX√, ]kvXpXBZ¿i-kn-≤m-¥-ß-fpsS kXym-h-ÿ°v km£ywhln-°p∂ kzoIm-cy-ambh√ sXfnhpw AXns‚ ]°-ept≠m? Fs∂m∂pw hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ Xß-fpsS]T-\-Imew Ign-bp-∂-Xp-hsc Adn-bp-∂n√. ]kvXpX kwK-Xn-I-fm-hs´,Ckvem-ans‚ bmYm¿Yyw Kln-°p-hm\pw hnizm-km-Z¿i-ßƒ icn-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw Ahiyw Bh-iy-am-Wp-Xm\pw. Ah lrZ-b-Øn¬ thcq-∂m-Xn-cn-°p∂Ime-tØmfw "^nJvlv akv-Ae' (I¿a-im-kvX-]-c-amb ]iv\-ßƒ)IfpsSA[y-b\w H´pw ê-]-Z-am-bn-cn-°-bn√. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ hnizm-k-an-√msX hn[n-Iƒ A\p-k-cn-°pI Akm-[y-amWv. hnizmkw i‡n-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Is´, Ckvem-an-Im-Z¿iw icn°v Kln-°p-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-amWv.

AtX-]-Imcw \a-kvImcw, t\mºv XpS-ßnb I¿a-ß-fpsS hni-Z- m-K-ßƒ hnh-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\p ]Icw hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v aX-hn-[n-I-fp-sSbpwBcm-[\m I¿a-ß-fp-sSbpw bp‡n-Ifpw cl-ky-ßfpw Kln-∏n-°pI F∂-

16 CkvemwaXw

XmWv IqSp-X¬ Bh-iy-am-bn- p-≈Xv. F¶nte aX Iev]-\-I-f-\p-k-cn-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ kza-\- mse k∂-≤-cm-hp-I-bp≈q. \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ coXnbpwIahpw kw_-‘n® hnh-cWw \a-kvI-cn-°m-\p-t±-in-°p-∂-h¿t° ê-]-Z-am-Ip-I-bp-≈q-sh-∂Xv hy‡-amWv. \a-kvI-cn-°m≥ Xs∂ Hcp-°-an-√m-Ø-h∂v, C∂n∂ ]Im-c-Øn-emWv \a-kvI-cn-t°-≠-sX∂p ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øn-s -¥p - ew? AXn-\m¬, \a-kvIm-c-\n-b-a-ßƒ hnh-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\p apºv bYm¿Y-Øn¬ \a-kvIm-c-sa-s¥∂pw Xß-fpsS ta¬ AsX-¥n\p \n¿_-‘-am-°n-sb∂pw AXns‚ êw Fs¥m-s°-sb∂pw AXp-t]-£n-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v kw -hn-°p∂ \jvS-ß-sf-s¥-√m-sa∂pw hnZym¿Yn-Iƒ°v hnh-cn®p sImSp-t°-≠-XmWv. a‰p aX-hn-[n-I-fp-sSbpw ÿnXn CXp-Xs∂. BZyw Ahsb lrZ-b-Øn¬ thcp-d-∏n-°m-\mWv ian-t°-≠Xv.F∂mte Ah-bpsS hni-Z- m-K-ßƒ hnh-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xv ê-]-Z-am-hp-I-bp≈q.

]kvXpX Bh-iysØ ap≥\n-dp-Øn-bmWv Rm≥ Cu KŸw cNn-®n- p-≈Xv. aXm-[y-b-\-Øns‚ ]gb kº-Zm-b-ß-fn¬\n∂pw Hs´ms° n∂-ambn,B[p-\nI Ime-tØ°v IqSp-X¬ ê-]-Z-amb Hcp ]pXn-b-coXn kzoI-cn-°m≥ Rm\n-Xn¬ ian-®n-´p≠v. ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚ in£-W-ß-fpsSkwt£]w Rm\n-Xn¬ D∂-bn-°p-Ibpw sXfn-hp-Iƒ hnh-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-B--s\-Xs∂ A\p-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p≠v. Cu ]cn-iawGsXmcp Dt±-iysØ ap≥\n-dpØn \S-Ø-s∏- pthm, AXp k -e-am-Ip-hm\pwaXm-[y-b-\-Øn¬ Xmc-X-tay\ IqSp-X¬ e-]-Z-amb Hcp \ho\ coXn-bpsSIhmSw Cu KŸw aqew Xpd-°p-hm\pw ssZhw A\p-K-ln-°p-am-dm-Is´.

˛A_p¬-A-Avem

17Ah-Xm-cnI

Ah-Xm-cnIatX-Xc kwkvImcw aX-ßƒs°-Xnsc Db¿Øp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-Isf s]m°n-°m-´pI C°m-eØv _p≤n-Po-hn-Iƒs°mcp ^mj-\mWv. ]t£, aXw,hninjym Ckvemw, B[p-\nI kwkvIm-c-Øn\v t\sc Db¿Øp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ A]q¿h-amtb ]Xn- -en-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p≈q.

Ign™ Iptd iX-I-ß-fmbn aXw, ]m›m-Xy-tem-IØv ]Xn-tcm-[-Øns‚ ]mX-bn-em-bn-cp∂p. ]e-t∏mgpw £am-]-W-Øn-s‚-Xm-bn-cp∂pAXns‚ kzcw˛ F√m-bvt]mgpw AXv, kz¥w BZ¿i-aq-ey-ßƒ°-\y-ambPohn-X-kw-kvIm-c-co-Xn-I-tfmSv Cf-hp-Ifpw hn´p-ho-gvN-Ifpw sNbvXp-t]m∂p.apkvenw temIhpw ]m›m-Xy≥ \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS IS-∂m-I-a-W-ßsf sNdp-Øp-\n-ev°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. hninjym, Ah¿°v Gsd HSnhpw NX-hp-ta¬]n®cmjvSo-bhpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-am-b -kzm-[o-\-Øns‚˛kmam-Py-Xz-Øns‚˛IS-∂m-I-a-W-ßsf. X∑qew Pohn-X-]-iv\-ß-tfm-Sp≈ aXm-flI kao-]\w Xnc-kvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw aX-Øn\v kmº-ØnI˛kmaq-lnI -cw-K-ß-fn-ep≈ ]¶v\ma-am-X-ambn Npcp-ßp-Ibpw sNbvXp. kmam-PyXz hmgvN-bn¬ Ign-™p-t]m-∂-hsc hnin-jym-, ap-kvenw-Isf˛ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw aX-hn-izmkwXmØzn-Ihpw ]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amb cwK-ß-fn¬, Xo¿Øpw A]-k-‡-am-bn-Øo¿∂p F∂v ]d-bm-h-X-s√-¶nepw, c≠mw ÿm\-tØ°v X≈-s∏- p-sh-∂-XmWv hmkvXhw. Cu ÿnXnhnti-j-Øn\v Ct∏mƒ am‰w kw -hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°-bmWv. kmam-Py-Xz-Øns‚ then-tb‰w Cd-ßn-Øp-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂p. apkvenw-temIw cmjvSob kzmX¥yw t\Sn-sb-Sp-Ø -tijw kz¥wkmwkvIm-cnI hy‡nXzw hos≠-Sp-°p-hm-\p≈ BZ¿i ka-c-Øn-emWv.Xß-fpsS kz¥-amb B[ym-fln-Ihpw Ncn-X-]-c-hp-amb tkmX- p-IƒNnI-s™-Sp-Ø-Wn-\n-c-Øn-s°m≠v kz¥w kaq-lsØ ]p\x-tIm-Uo-I-cn-°p-hm\pw Hcp \h-tem-I-Iaw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm-\pap≈ ]b-Xv\-Øn-em-W-Xn-t∏mƒ. ]q¿hmhÿ-Iƒ hos≠-Sp-°m-\p≈ apkvenw-tem-I-Øns‚ Cuia-sØ-bmWv Ckvem-anse \thm-∞m\ ]ÿm-\-ßƒ ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂Xv.

Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ ]Xn-k-‘nsb Hcp aqey-]-Xn-k-‘n-bm-bmWvapkvenw-Iƒ Im-Wp-∂Xv. Hcp ]pXnb kmaqlnI-Iaw ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øp-∂-Xn-

18 CkvemwaXw

eqsS amXta Cu hnj-am-h-ÿ-bn¬\n∂v a\p-jy∂v tamN-\-ap≈q F∂vAh¿ hniz-kn-°p∂p. Ahn-S-hn-sS-bmbn Nne Cf-hp-Iƒ \evIp-Itbm kmaq-lnI-ÿm-]-\-Øns‚ D]-cn-L-S-\-bn¬ Nne am‰-ßƒ hcp-Øp-Itbm A√bYm¿Y-Øn-em-hiyw. adn®v, kaqlw \ne-sIm-≈p∂ ASn-Ø-d-I-sfbpw a-\p-jy-kw-kvImcw km£m-XvI-cn-°m-\m-K-ln-°p∂ Bi-b-ß-sfbpw IWn-i-amb ]p\x-]-cn-tim-[-\°v hnt[-b-am-°p-I-bmWv th≠Xv. kmº-ØnI˛cmjvSob _‘-ß-fn¬ A\p- -h-s∏-Sp∂ ]Xn-k-‘n-Iƒ, B[p-\nI \mK-cn-IX ]Xn-\n-[m\w sNøp∂ BZ¿i-ß-fp-sSbpw aqey-ß-fp-sSbpw \S-]-Sn-I-a-ß-fp-sSbpw kzm`m-hn-I-amb A\-¥-c- ew amX-amWv. AXn-\m¬, a\p-jy-s\bpw kaq-l-sØbpw Ipdn® \qX-\-amb Hcp ImgvN-∏m-Sn-te°v kaq-lsØ \bn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS amXta ]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-cn-°m-\mhq F∂vCkvemw \n¿tZ-in-°p∂p. a\p-jys‚ kao-]-\-Øn¬ auen-I-amb am‰-Øn-\p≈ Hcm-lzm-\-atX, CXv. aX-Øns‚ kmaqlnI XØz-ß-sfbpw aqey-ß-sfbpw Bg-Øn¬ Kln-®mte Cu am‰w km[y-amhq. kmaqlnI˛kmº-ØnI ]iv\-ß-tfm-Sp≈ AXns‚ \ne-]m-Sns\ bYm-X-Y-ambn Xn -s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw thWw. F¶n¬ amXta aXm- n-ap-Jy-ap≈ kaq-l-ßƒ°v a\p-jy-k-aqlw C∂- n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ sh√p-hn-fn-I-tfmSv Inbm-fl-Ihpw ]pXp-a-bm¿∂-Xp-amb kao-]\w cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm-\mhq.

Cu kao-]\w BZ¿im-[n-jvTn-X-am-IWw. kmº-Øn-Ihpw cmjvSo-b-hp-am-b-Nne B\p-Iq-ey-ß-fm-h-cpXv apkvenw-Iƒ°v ]tNm-Z-\-ta-tI≠bYm¿Y e£yw. kmº-ØnI D]-cn-L-S-\-bn¬ Nne ]cn-jvI-c-W-ßƒ hcp-ØpI F∂Xpw BI-cpXv. adn®v, kz¥w BZ¿i-ß-fp-sS-bpw aqey-ß-fp-sSbpw AkvXn-hm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw N -°q-tSm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp ]pXnb temI-IawBbn-cn-°Ww.

kml-N-cy-ßsf ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v auen-I-amb am‰w hcpØmwF∂-XmWv ]m›m-Xy≥ kao-]\w. AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv kmaq-lnI-L-S-\-bn¬am‰w F∂ Bi-b-Øn\v Du∂¬ \evI-s∏- Xv. Cu kao-]\w ]t£, D±n-jvS - ew ssIh-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏´p. kvXo˛]pcp-j≥am-cmb hy‡n-I-fn¬ am‰w hcp-tØ-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-IX Ah¿ X≈n-°-f™p. F∂n´v_mly-tem-IsØ ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ i≤-tI-µo-I-cn®p. ka-K-amb]cn-h¿Ø-\-amWv bYm¿Y-Øn-em-hiyw˛ P\-ß-sfbpw _mly-tem-I-sØbpw Hcp-t]mse Dƒs°m-≈p∂ ]cn-h¿Ø\w. LS-\m-]-c-amb ]cn-jvI-cWw Hcm-hiyw Xs∂-sb-¶nepw, ]iv\w LS-\-bp-tSXv amX-a√. a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ßfpw BXvamhpw Bbn-cn-°Ww ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ ]mcw- -_nµp.bmYm¿Yy-sØbpw Pohn-X-Øn¬ Xßƒ°p≈ ]Z-hn-sbbpw ZuXy-sØbpwIpdn®v Ah¿ ]pe¿Øp-∂- hn- m-h-\-bnembn-cn-°Ww am‰-Øns‚ XpS°w.kmaqlnI ]cn-h¿Ø-\-tØm-Sp≈ Ckvem-ans‚ kao-]\w C∏-d™ hkvXp-X-Isf XnI™ t_m[y-tØmsS I≠-dn-bp∂p.

"Ckvemw' F∂ ]Zw Ad_n `mj-bn-te-XmWv. kam-[m\w F∂¿Ywhcp∂ "kevav', ka¿∏Ww F∂¿Yw hcp∂ "knevav' F∂o c≠v aqe-]-Z-ß-fn-¬\n-∂mWv "Ckvemw' F∂ ]Zw \njv]-Zn-®Xv. AXv ssZth-O°v kzbwka¿∏n-°m-\p≈ k∂-≤-X-sb-°p-dn-°p∂p. kjvSm-hn-t\mSpw Ahs‚ k¿h-kr-jvSn-Pm-e-ß-tfmSpw cRvPn-t∏msS h¿Øn-°m≥ B ka¿∏Ww hgn km[n-

19Ah-Xm-cnI

°p∂p. ssZth-O°v kºq¿W-ambn ka¿∏n-°p-∂-Xn-eq-sS-bmWv a\x-im-¥nbpw kam-[m-\hpw kwPm-X-am-Ip-∂Xv. ssZth-Obpw a\p-tjy-Obpw H∂m-bn-Øo-cp-∂-tXmsS Pohn-X-Øns‚ hn`n∂ taJ-e-Iƒ ka-K-amb Hcm-Z¿i-Øn\v Iogn¬ DZvK-Yn-X-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p. AtXmsS Pohn-XsØ aX-]cw atX-Xcw, hnip≤w Ahn-ip≤w, BXvaobw `uXnIw F∂n-ßs\ th¿Xn-cn®v\n¿Øp-∂Xv \nc¿Y-I-ambn amdp∂p. ssZhw GI\pw Ahn- m-Py\pw Bb-Xp-t]mse a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xhpw hy‡n-Xzhpw GIhpw Ahn- -‡hpw Xs∂.Pohn-X-Øns‚ Hmtcm hihpw AXns‚ a‰p -h-i-ß-fn¬\n∂v th¿s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hm-Ø-XmWv. aX-]-c-ambXpw atX-X-c-am-bXpw kzm[n-Im-c-ap≈ hyXy-kvX-amb c≠n-\-ß-f√. adn®v, Htc \mW-b-Øns‚ Ccp -]p-d-ßƒ amXw.Hmtcm a\p-jy-I¿ahpw ssZh-hp-ambpw Ahs‚ am¿K-Z¿i-\-hp-ambpw _‘-s∏- -XmWv. a\p-jy-I¿a-ßƒt°m-tcm-∂n\pw AXyp-Zm-Ø-amb am\w \evI-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p. X≥aqew AXv hnip-≤hpw km¿Y-Ihpw tkmt±-iyhpambn-Øo-cp∂p.

Ckvem-an\v Hcp ]]-©-ho-£-Whpw Pohn-XsØ kw_-‘n®v HcpImgvN-∏m-Sp-ap≠v. kjvSm-hns‚ GI-Xbpw Ahs‚ CO-°p≈ \ΩpsSka¿∏-Whpw kw_-‘n® Xncn-®-dn-hmWv AXn-∂-Sn-ÿm\w. k¿hhpw DZv -hn-°p-∂Xv GI-\mb ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂mWv. k¿hcpw A¥n-a-ambn ssZh-tØmSv DØ-c-hm-ZnXzap≈-h-cp-amWv. ssZh-Øns‚ GI-X°v AXn-s‚-XmbHc-\-¥-c- -e-ap≠v˛ ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-I-fpsS GI-X-btX AXv. hwiw,h¿Ww, PmXn, kºØv, A[n-Imcw XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈hnth-N-\-ßƒ AXp-hgn A]-Xy-£-am-hp∂p. k¿h-cp-sSbpw kjvSmhv H∂m-b-Xn-\m¬, CXc hy‡n-I-fp-am-bp≈ \ΩpsS _‘w kºq¿W ka-Xz-Øn¬A[n-jvTn-X-ambn amdp∂p. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ \ΩpsS ZuXyw kz¥w kjvSm-hn-∂p≈ ka¿∏-W-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p. kjvSm-hn-∂p≈ A\p-k-c-Whpw Bcm-[-\bpw \ΩpsS Pohn-X-e-£yhpw.

PohnXw Icp-∏n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿K-Z¿i\w kjvSmhv \ap°v\evIm-Xn-cp-∂n- n√. krjvSn-bpsS Bcw`w sXm´v Xs∂ a\p-jy∂v ssZhnIktµiw ]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°p-hm≥ ssZhn-I-k-tµ-i-Øns‚ ]t_m-[-I≥am-cmbn ]hm-N-I≥amsc ssZhw \ntbm-Kn-®n- p≠v. AXmWv, ssZth-O F¥vF∂v I≠p-]n-Sn-°m-\p≈ tkmX v. Aßs\ BZw(A) apX¬ Bcw- n®vapl-ΩZv(k)bn¬ Ah-km-\n-°p∂ ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS irwJe Xs∂ \ap°ve`n®p. C_vdmlow, aqkm, \qlv, bq\pkv, k°-cnø, Cukm(A) XpS-ßn-b-h¿ ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS Cu kph¿W- irw-J-e-bnse IÆn-I-fmWv. ZmhqZv,aqkm, Cukm, apl-ΩZv(A) F∂o ]hm-N-I≥am¿°v Hmtcm thZ-KŸw\evI-s∏-Sp-I-bp-ap≠mbn. apl-ΩZv \_n(k)°v \evI-s∏´ Jp¿-B-\mWvG‰hpw HSp-hn-esØ Znhy-KŸw.

ssZhn-I-h-N-\-ß-fmWv Jp¿-Bs‚ D≈-S°w. a\p-jy-I-c-ßfpsS CS-s]-S-ep-I-fm¬ If-¶s∏-SmsX, am‰tam G‰-°p-d®ntem IqSmsX ssZhn-I-sh-fn-]m-Sp-Iƒ ]q¿W-ambpw AXn¬ kpc-£n-X-ambn tijn-°p∂p. ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ \ntbm-Kn-X-cmb F√m ssZh-Zq-X≥am-cp-sSbpw ktµ-i-Øns‚kØ AXpƒs°m-≈p∂p. Pohn-XsØ samØw Icp-∏n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈Hcp N -°qSv AXv ka¿∏n-°p∂p. \≥a-Xn≥a-Isf hnth-Nn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈

20 CkvemwaXw

IWn-i-amb am\-Z-WvU-ß-fp-≠-Xn¬. hy‡n-bp-sSbpw kaq-l-Øn-s‚bpwkz`m-h-cq-]o-I-c-W-Øn-∂p≈ am¿K-\n¿tZ-i-ß-fp-≠-Xn¬. KX-Ime a\p-jy-k-aqlw sNbvXp-Iq- nb t`mjv°p-Iƒ AXn¬ ]cm-a¿in-°-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p.a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn\v I¿i-\-amb Xm°oXpw ssZhkm-ao]yw sImXn-°p-∂-h¿°v \ne-®p-t]m-ImØ am¿K-Z¿i\w e`n-°psa∂ Dd∏pw AXv \evIp∂p.

Jp¿-B≥ Hcp am¿Kw hc-®p-Im-Wn-°p∂p. t\cmb am¿Kw˛"kzndm-Øp¬apkvXJow.' B am¿K-Øn-eqsS Ncn-°p-∂-h-cpsS apgp-h≥ Pohn-Xhpwkºq¿W-ambn ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. kz`m-h-Øn¬ AXv hnπ-h-I-c-ambam‰w hcp-Øp∂p. a\p-jy-∂Xv I¿a-hocyw ]I-cp∂p. Cu hocyw a\p-jys‚BXva-kw-kvI-c-W-Øn¬ ]h¿Øn-®p-Xp-S-ßp∂p. ]n∂oSXv qanbn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ hyhÿ kwÿm-]n-°p-hm-\p≈ \nc-¥-c- bXv\ambn cq]-s∏-Sp∂p.^etam˛ kXy-Ønepw \≥a-bnepw \oXn-bnepw [¿a-Ønepw A[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp \h-tem-Ihpw.

temI-\n¿an-Xn-bn¬ kvXo°pw ]pcp-j∂pw \n¿Wm-b-I-amb ]¶v hln-°p-hm-\p≠v. Ah¿ Cu qan-bn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ]Xn-\n[n (Jeo^)IfmWv.Cu mK-a- n-\-bn-°p-hm≥ am\-kn-I-ambn k÷-cm-°-s∏- -h-cm-W-h¿. B mKw`wKn-bm-b- n-\-bn-°p-∂-Xn-emWv hnPbw. \≥a Iev]n-°pI, Xn≥a hne-°pI,a\p-jys\ a\p-jys‚ ASn-a-Ø-Øn¬\n∂v hntam-Nn-∏n-°pI, kz¥wCObpw ssZh-Øns‚ CObpw H∂m-bn-Øo-cp-tºmƒ amXta Btcm-Ky-]q¿W-amb Hcp kaqlw krjvSn-°-s∏Sq F∂v t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-Sp-°pI XpS-ßn-b-h-bmWv B ]mXn-\n[y \n¿h-l-W-Øns‚ icn-bmb cq]w.CXv \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-h-cpsS Pohn-X-e£yw ssZh-Øns‚ Xr]vXn amX-am-bn-cn°pw. Abmƒ k¿h-kr-jvSn-Pm-e-ß-sfbpw ]c-kv]c _‘ap-≈-h-sb∂\ne-bn¬ ]cn-K-Wn°pw. Cu Ahÿ, a\p-jy-t£aw F∂ Bi-bsØ,a\p-jy-cpsS P¥p-k-l-P-amb Bh-iy-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°pI F∂ \ne-hm-c-Øn¬\n∂v, Cu temIØpw ]c-tem-IØpw AXyp-Ø-a-am-b-sXt¥m AXvt\Sn-sb-Sp-°pI F∂ \ne-hm-c-Øn-te°v Db¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cp∂p.

CXmWv Ckvem-ans‚ ]m]-©nI ho£Ww. CXmWv a\p-jy-s\bpwAhs‚ mK-t[-b-sØbpw Ipdn® Ckvem-ans‚ ImgvN-∏mSv. aX-Øn\v ]m›m-Xy-temIw Iev]n-°p∂ A¿Y-Øn-ep≈ Hcp aX-a√, Ckvemw. AXv Htckabw hnizm-k-kw-ln-Xbpw Pohn-X-co-Xn-bp-amWv, ]Xy-b-im-kvXhpw kmaq-lnI-I-a-hp-amWv, XØz-kw-ln-Xbpw s]cp-am‰® -hp-amWv, Hcp [¿a-kw-ln-Xbpw, Ch-sb-sbms° ]tbm-K-h¬°-cn-°p∂ kwL-SnX ]ÿm-\hpw.

Ckvem-anI kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ AXp-eyX AXns‚ aqey-ß-fnepw XØz-ß-fn-ep-amWv IpSn-sIm-≈p-∂Xv. tim -\-amb Hcp NcnX Ime-L- -Øn-\ptijw apkvenw-Iƒ C°mcyw hnkva-cn-°p-Ibpw kz¥w kwkvIm-c-Øns‚_mly-tam-Sn-bn¬ amXw hymtam-ln-X-cm-hp-Ibpw sNbvX-tXmsS Xßƒ ]Wn-Xp-b¿Ønb B `h\w ]q¿W-ambn kwc£n-°p-hm≥ t]mepw Ah¿-°m-bn√. kz¥w BZ¿ihpw aqey-ßfpw XØz-ß-fp-amWv Ckvem-ans‚ i‡n.AXns‚ ]k‡n F°m-e-sØbpw t]mse C°m-eØpw hep-XmWv. Imem-Xo-X-am-W-Xns‚ ktµiw. XØz-ß-fm-Is´, km¿h-eu-In-Ihpw.

Hcp \h-tem-I-I-a-Øn∂v th≠n-bp≈ \ΩpsS At\z-j-W-Øn¬ am\p-jnI ]iv\-ßsf hyXy-kvX -]-cn-t]-£y-Øn-eqsS kao-]n-°p∂ ]pXnb

21Ah-Xm-cnI

Hcp hyh-ÿ-sb-bmWv \mw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠Xv. B hyhÿ k¶p-Nn-X-amb tZiob˛]mtZ-inI Xm¬]-cy-ß-fpsS ho£-W-tIm-Wn-eqsS amXw]iv\-ßsf kao-]n-°p∂ H∂m-I-cpXv. adn®v \≥a-tbXv, Xn≥a-tbXvF∂Xpw hy‡n-]-chpw tZio-bhpw A¥¿tZ-io-b-hp-amb hn`n-∂ -X-e-ß-fn¬, \oXn-\n-jvThpw am\p-jn-I-hp-amb Hcp temI-Iaw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥FX \∂mbn ]b-Xv\n-°p-hm≥ \ap°v Ignbpw F∂Xpambn-cn-°Ww Bho£-W-Øn-∂-Sn-ÿm\w.

\ne-hn-ep≈ kmaq-lnIIaw AI-a-Ønepw Nqj-W-Ønepw A[n-jvTn-X-am-sW∂ Imcyw kwi-bm-Xo-X-ambn sXfn-™n- p-≈-XmWv. a\p-jy-s\bpw,a\p-jy∂v kz¥w kl-Po-hn-I-tfmSpw kaq-l-tØmSpw ]Ir-Xn-tbmSpw ]]-©-tØmSpap≈ _‘-sØbpw kw_-‘n-®p≈ sX‰mb ImgvN-∏m-SmWv CuZp¿K-Xn°v tlXp F∂v Ckvemw a\- n-em-°p∂p. Hcp \h-tem-I--Øn\vth≠n-bp≈ At\z-jWw a\p-jy-s\bpw kaq-l-Øn¬ Ahs‚ ]¶n-s\bpwkw_-‘n®v ]pXnb ImgvN-∏mSv Dƒs°m-≈p-hm≥ \sΩ t]cn-∏n-°p∂p.temI-a-X-ß-fpsS ImgvN-∏m-Sn¬ s]mXp-hmbpw, Ckvem-ans‚ ho£-W-Øn¬]tXy-I-ambpw, N¿®-bpsS a¿aw a\p-jy-s\bpw kaq-l-sØbpw Ipdn®]pXnb Z¿i-\-Øn-te°v am‰-s∏-tS-≠-Xp≠v. Hcp ]pXn-b -kmw-kvIm-cnI ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn-te°v \bn°pw hn[w a\p-jym-h-t_m-[-Ønepw aqey-t_m-[-Ønepw am‰w hcp-Øp-hm-\p≈ ]bXv\w F∆n-[-am-bn-cn-°Ww F∂ hnj-b-Øn-te°vv N¿® Xncn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp≠v.

Cu k¶-ev]-amWv B\p-Im-enI Ckvem-anI \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ ]tNm-Z-\-ambn h¿Øn-®n- p-≈Xv. Cu ]cn-t]-£y-Øns‚ N -°q- n¬\n-∂p-sIm-≠mWv apkvenw-I-fn∂v Hcp ]pXnb I¿Ø-hy-\n¿h-l-W-Øn-∂mbnDW¿s∂-gp-t∂-‰-ph-cp-∂Xv. B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS ]iv\-ßsf A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn®pwA¥m-cmjvS Xe-Øn¬ atX-X-c-kn-≤m-¥-ß-sfbpw ÿm]-\-ß-sfbpw sh√p-hn-fn®pw Ah¿ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰n-cn-°p∂p. ]Sn-™m-dp-\n∂p hen-™p-I-bdn h∂ sshtZ-in-I-kn-≤m-¥-ß-fn¬\n∂v kz¥w Nn¥m-a-WvU-e-sØbpwkap-Zm-b-sØbpw ip≤o-I-cn-®p-sIm≠pw a\p-jy-Ip-e-Øn-∂-Jnew Ckvem-anI Pohn-X-I-a-Øns‚ Pme-I-ambn h¿Øn-°m-hp-∂-hn[w kz¥w \m´n¬]pXnb hyhÿ sI´n-∏-Sp-°p-hm≥ k¿h-hn- -h-ßfpw Hcp-°q- n-s°m≠pwapt∂-dp-I-bm-W-h¿. apkvenw-tem-IØv Zriy-am-Ip∂ Cu ]pXnb D∞m-\-Øns‚ apJy-in-ev]n-I-fn¬ ]ap-J-\mWv kønZv A_p¬ AAvem auZqZn.

InkvXz_vZw 1903- ¬ `qPm-X-\mb auZqZn 1918 -¬ Xs∂ Xs‚ s]mXp-Po-hnXw Bcw- n®p. ]Xm-[n-]¿, ]WvUn-X≥, Nn¥-I≥, ]ÿm-\-\m-b-I≥,sNdpXpw hep-Xp-amb \qdn-tesd KŸ-ß-fpsS I¿Ømhv, Bbn-c-Øn-tesd]`m-j-W-ß-fpsS DSa F∂o \ne-I-fn-se√mw auZqZn Xs‚ ]mShw sXfn-bn-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. 1979 -¬ At±-l-Øns‚ \ncymWw Hcp Ime-L- -Øns‚A¥ywIpdn®p.

C¥ym˛]m°n-ÿm≥ D]-`q-J-WvU-Ønse _u≤nI aWvU-e-Øn¬InkvXz_vZw 1927 -embn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ Ac-tß‰w. A∂v At±-l-Øns‚ ]mbw shdpw Ccp-]-Øn-\mev. "A¬Pn-lmZp ^n¬ Ckvemw' F∂_rl-Ømb KŸ-Øn-eqsS At±lw Hcp tImfn-f°w Xs∂ krjvSn®p.Hcp Zn\-]-X-Øn¬ JWvUix ]kn-≤o-I-cn® teJ-\-ßƒ°v 1930 -¬ KŸ-

22 CkvemwaXw

cq]w \evI-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. ap∏-Xp-I-fpsS BZy-]m-Z-Øn¬ Xs∂ D]- q-J-WvU-Øns‚ _u≤nI aWvU-e-Ønse kzm[o-\-i-‡n-bp≈, Iqk-en-√mØ ]apJ ]WvUn-X-\m-bn-Øo¿∂p At±lw. 1933 apX¬ Xm≥ ]Xm-[n-]Xyw hln-®p-t]m∂ "X¿Pp-am-\p¬ Jp¿-B≥' amknI D]-`q-J-WvU-Ønse apkvenw _p≤n-Po-hn-I-fpsS a\- n¬ hºn® kzm[o\w t\Sn. \mev]-Xp-I-fpsS XpS°w apX¬ auem\m auZq-Zn-bpsS IrXn-Iƒ Ad_n, Cw•ojvXpS-ßnb apJy hntZi mj-I-fn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvXp XpS-ßn-b-tXmsSAt±-l-Øns‚ Bi-b-ßƒ D]- q-J-WvU-Øns‚ AXn¿Øn-Iƒ°-∏pdw H -t\Iw P\-a-\- p-Isf BI¿jn®p. \ncym-X-\m-hp-tºm-tg°pw At±lw,C°m-e-L- -Øn¬ G‰hpa[nIw hmb-\-°m-cp≈ apkvenw KŸ-Im-c-\mbnamdn-°-gn-™n-cp∂p F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ H´pw AXn-i-tbm-‡n-bn√. - B[p-\nI CkvemanI \thm-∞m-\-Øn\pw Nn¥°pw ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°pw Aaq-eyhpw A\¿L-hp-amb kw`m-h-\-I-f¿∏n® ]WvUn-X≥!

auem\m auZq-Znsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Ckvemw _p≤n-]-c-ambhym]mcw amX-am-bn-cp-∂n√. Ckvem-an-s\mØv Pohn-°p-hm\pw Ckvem-an\vth≠n Pohn-°p-hm\pw At±lw ]c-am-h[n ian®p. Ccp-]-Xp-I-fpsS a[y-Øn-em-bn-cn-s°-Øs∂ Xs‚ k¿h-I-gn-hp-Ifpw Ckvem-an-Im-[ym-]-\-ßsfhni-Zo-I-cn-°p-hm\pw hymJym-\n-°p-hm-\pambn ka¿∏n-°p-hm≥ At±lwXocp-am-\n-®p-I-gn-™n-cp∂p. amX-a√, Ckvem-an-Im-[ym-]-\-ßsf ]mtbm-KnIbmYm¿Yy-ß-fmbn ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Xs‚ Ign-hp-Iƒ ]c-am-h[n ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂pw At±lw \n›-bn®p. Ckvemw Nne hnizm-k-]-am-W-ß-fp-sSbpw BNm-c-co-Xn-I-fp-sSbpw kwlnX amX-a-s√∂pw adn®v, HcpPohn-X-hy-h-k-vY-bm-sW∂pw At±lw k¿h-i-‡nbpw D]-tbm-Kn®v ]Jym-]n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p. ssZhnI shfn-]m-Sn-em-W-Xns‚ thcp-Iƒ; ssZh-t_m-[-am-W-Xn¬ hym]n-®-nd-ßnb BXvamhv. ssZthO°v hg-ß-ep-w \≥a-bpsS]tbm-K-h-XvI-c-W-hp-am-W-Xns‚ e£yw. Cu PohnX coXn ]n¥p-S-cm≥ Hcpapkvenw _m[y-ÿ-\mWv. hmNm˛I¿aWm AX-h≥ ]tbm-K-Øn¬ sIm≠p-ht∂ ]‰q. `qap-J-ØXns\ \ne-\n¿Øp-hm≥ Ah¿ ]Wn-sb-SptØ aXn-bmhq˛ At±lw hniz-kn®p. XZm-h-iym¿Yw, Xs‚ ssh⁄m-\nI kw`m-h-\-Iƒ°p ]pdta, 1941 -¬ Pam-AsØ Ckveman F∂ kwL-S-\°v At±lwcq]w \evIn. A∂v apX¬ 1972 hsc At±lw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p AXns‚\mb-I≥. Btcm-Ky-]-c-amb Imc-W-ß-fm¬ \mb-I-ÿm\w Hgn™tijhpw, Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´p ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-h¿°pamX-a√, AXp-ambn _‘-sam-∂p-an-√mØ temI-Øns‚ \m\m- m-K-Øp-ap≈apkvenw kvXo]p-cp-j≥am¿°pw am¿K-Z¿i-\hpw ]tNm-Z-\hpw Bth-i-hp-am-bn-cp∂p auZqZn. IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X-em-fp-Iƒ, hninjym apkvenw bph-P-\-ßƒ, auZq-Znsb AwKo-I-cn-°p-hm\pw, At±lw hy‡hpw i‡-hp-amb`mj-bn¬ DZvtLm-jWw sNbvX Ckvem-anI ImgvN-∏mSv Xncn-®-dn™vDƒs°m-≈p-hm\pw apt∂m- p-h-∂p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p.

AtXmsS auem\m auZqZn Hcp A°m-U-an-jy≥ amX-a-√m-Xmbn. Xm≥ka¿∏n® Ckvem-anI ImgvN-∏mSv ]tbm-K-h-XvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v th≠n-bp≈\nc-¥-c-amb ka-c-Øn-te¿s∏´ Hcp I¿a-tbm-≤m-hmbn At±lw. Cu ka-c-Øn-∂n-S-bn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ an∂p∂ ]e kz`m-h-hn-ti-j-ßfpw temIw

23Ah-Xm-cnI

I≠p. alm-a-\-kvI-Xbpw kln-jvWp-Xbpw £abpw Ah-bn¬ FSp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠-h-bmWv. cmjvSob Imcy-ß-fn¬ CS-s]- -Xn-\m¬, ]tXy-In®pw 1948apX¬, ]m°n-ÿm≥ c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ ssII-fm¬ At±-l-Øn\v Gsd a¿Z-\-ß-tf-evt°-≠n-h∂p. At±lw \mb-I-\mb ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ bYm¿Ykz`m-hhpw e£yhpw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ B `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ ]cm-P-b-s∏´p. A_q-l-\o^, AlvaZv _n≥lw-_¬, C_v\p-ssX-anø, ssiJvAlvaZv k¿lnµn, kønZv JpXp_v XpS-ßnb KX-Ime ]WvUn-X-sc-t∏mseauZq-Zn°pw ]e-X-hW XS-hd hoSmbn. 1953- ¬ Xe-\m-cn-g-°mWv At±lwXq°p-a-c-Øn¬\n∂v c£-s∏- Xv. 1963- ¬ At±lw Hc-I-an-bpsS shSn-bp-≠-sbbpw AXn-Po-hn®p. ]oU-\-ßsf t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn¬ At±lw Akm-am-\y-amb A¥ pw sFXn-lm-kn-I-amb a\-°-cpØpw ]Z¿in-∏n®p. AXvAt±-l-Øn\v anX-ß-fpsS amX-a√ iXp-°-fp-sSbpw kvt\lm-Z-c-hp-Iƒt\Sn-s°m-SpØp.

_rl-Ømb Hcp ]ÿm-\-Øns‚ \mb-I≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ Xs‚ Npa-en¬ h≥`m-c-ß-fp-≠m-bn-cn-s°-Øs∂ KŸ-c-N-\°v At±lw kabwIs≠Øn F∂Xv FSp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠-XmWv. B cN-\-I-fm-Is´ KW-Øn¬amX-a√ KpW-Ønepw anI-®p-\n∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ "am·w Hm]kv' BbnKWn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Jp¿-B≥ hymJym-\-KŸw Xs‚ \nkvXp-e-amb BJym-\-ssi-en-bp-sSbpw ssh⁄m-\n-I-amb Bg-Øn-s‚bpw ss[j-Wn-I-amb D÷z-e-X-bp-sSbpw anI® ZrjvSm-¥-atX. B[p-\nI a\p-jys‚ ]iv\-ßƒ°v]cn-lm-c-ambn Ckvem-ans\ FSp-Øp-Im-Wn-°p-∂-Xn¬ auZqZn ]I-Sn-∏n®ss\]p-Wy-amWv At±-l-Øns‚ apJy khn-ti-jX. Ckvem-anI hnj-b-ß-fn-ep≈ AKm-[-amb ]mWvUn-Xy-tØm-sSm∏w B[p-\nI a\p-jys‚]mtbm-KnI ]iv\-ßsf kw_-‘n® XnI™ [mc-Wbpw At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xm-Wn-Xn\v ImcWw.

B[p-\n-I-X-bpsS sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-Sp-tºmƒ At±lw AXn-bm-Ym-ÿn-Xn-I-X-bpsS Im¿°iyw ImWn-®n√. B[p-\nI a\- p-I-fn¬ Bg-Øn¬thcq-∂nb Bi-b-ßƒ, Ah C°m-esØ ^mj-\mWv F∂-Xn-\mtem,temI-\m-b-I≥am-cmbn Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ P\-X-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ Ahbv°v BZ-c-Wo-b -ÿm-\-ap≠v F∂-Xn-\mtem At±-lsØ kw -an-∏n-®p-an√. a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øns‚ ]cn-N-b-k-º-Øn¬\n∂v Btcm-Ky-I-chpw ]tbm-P-\-]-Z-hp-amb Awi-ßƒ Bh-iym-\p-kmcw kzmb-Ø-am-°p-hm\pw Ahsb, Ckvem-anI ]Xy-b-imkvXw ]Xn-\n -[o-I-cn -°p∂ Pohn-X-e-£y-ß-fpsSkm£m¬°m-c-Øn\v th≠-hn[w ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm\pw At±lwapkvenw-I-tfm-Sm-h-iy-s∏´p. auZq-Zn-bpsS Cu \ne-]m-SmWv ]e-scbpw At±-l-Øn-te-°-Sp-∏n-®Xv. ]e-scbpw AI-‰n-bXpw AXp-Xs∂. hnti-jn®pw,Xoh-bm-Ym-ÿn-Xn-I-scbpw apkvenw-k-aq-l-Ønse Aan-X-ambn ]m›m-Xy-h¬°-cn-°-s∏-´-h-scbpw.

auZq-Zn-bpsS as‰mcp hnJymX IrXn-bmWv cnkm-etb Zo\n-ømØv.Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm\ k¶-ev]-ß-sfbpw XØz-ß-sfbpw Ipdn-®p≈ ]mY-anI ]T-\-am-WXv. km[m-c-W-hm-b-\-°m¿°v, hninjym bphm-°ƒ°v Ckvem-ans‚ A¿Yhpw ktµ-ihpw kw_-‘n®v EPphpw efn-Xhpw kpKm-ly-hp-amb Hcp hymJym\w Cu IrXn \evIp∂p. kwà-P-\-I-amb k¶o¿W-X-

24 CkvemwaXw

Ifpw X¿°-im-kvX-Ønse htIm-‡n-IfpwsIm≠v kº-∂hpw F∂m¬A\p-hm-N-Is\ hnizm-k-Øns‚ ssNX-\y-hp-ambn t\cn v _‘n-∏n-°p-hm≥H´pw klm-b-I-a-√m-Ø-Xp-amb aX-X-Øz-im-kvX-K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS IÆv X≈n-°p∂ ssien-b√ Cu IrXn-bp-sSXv.

Xptemw `n∂-amb Hcp IrXn-bm-WnXv. Ckvem-anI XØz-ß-fpsS efn-X-amb hnh-cWw AXv A\p-hm-N-I∂v \evIp∂p ˛ Pohn-X-tØm-Sp≈AXns‚ kao-]\w, hnizm-k-Im-cy-ßƒ, Bcm-[-\m-Im-cy-ßƒ, Pohn-X-Z¿i\wF√mw. Jp¿-Bs‚ hymJym-\-co-Xn-bp-ambn XmZmXvayw ]m]n® Hcm-Jym-\-ssien. Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm-\m-[ym-]-\-ß-fpsS cXv\-®p-cp°w. apJy-ambpwkmam-\y-P-\-ß-sfbpw hnZym¿Yn-I-sfbpw Dt±-in®v cNn-®-Xm-I-bm¬k¶o¿W-amb XØz-im-kvX -k-a-ky-IƒsIm≠v A\p-hm-NI\v `mc-an-b-‰p∂ H∂pw CXn-en√. cNbn-Xm-hns‚ `mjbpw ssienbpw kv^pShpwEPphpw efn-X-hp-atX. "cnkm-esb Zo\n-ømØv' F∂ io¿j-I-Øn¬ 1932-˛¬ D¿Zp- m-j-bn-se-gp-X-s∏´ aqe-KŸw Db¿∂ ¢mkp-I-fnse hnZym¿Yn-I-sfbpw kmam-\y-P-\-ß-sfbpw Dt±-in®v Xøm-dm-°n-b-XmWv. AXp D±njvSe£yw \nd-th-‰p-I-Xs∂ sNbvXp. Ct¥m˛]mIn-kvXm≥ D]- q-J-WvU-Ønsean° hnZym-e-b-ß-fnepw Cu IrXn aX-]m-T-]p-kvX-I-ambn \n›-bn-°-s∏´p.Cw•ojv, Ad_n, lnµn, t]¿jy≥, P¿a≥, ^©v, C‰m-en-b≥, S¿°njv,t]m¿®p-Kokv, kzmlnen, C≥tUm-t\-jy≥, Pm∏-\okv, ae-bmfw, Xanƒ,]jvXp, s_≥Kmfn, KpP-dmØn, kn‘n XpS-ßnb \nc-h[n `mj-I-fn-te°vCu IrXn hnh¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn.

1940˛emWv ]Ya Cw•ojv ]cn- mj shfn®wI≠Xv. tUm. A_vZp¬K\n Bbn-cp∂p ]cn-`m-j-I≥. AXns‚ AkwJyw ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ ]pd-Øn-dßn. H∂n-e-[nIw Imc-W-ß-fm¬ Hcp ]pXnb Cw•ojv ]cn-`m-j-bpsSBhiyw A\p- -h-s∏´p. ]Ya Cw•ojv ]cn- m-j°v Iptd-tbsd t]mcm-bva-I-fp-≠m-bn-cp∂p. IqSmsX, aqe-IrXn Xs∂, 1940˛Ifn¬ kp]-[m-\-amb ]eam‰-ß-tfmSpw A\p-_-‘-ß-tfmSpw IqSn ]cn-jvI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn. Cu]cn-jvI-cn® ]Xn-∏ns‚ (]cn-jvI-cn® 16- mw ]Xn∏v)* Hcp ]pXnb Cw•ojv]cn-`mj Xøm-dm-°p-hm-\p≈ Npa-Xe F∂n¬ h∂p-tN¿∂p. 1950 a[y-tØmsS Rm\Xp ]q¿Øn-bm°n. ]Ya ]cn- mj apºn¬ sh®n-cp-s∂-¶nepwAXn¬\n∂v hfsc Ipd®v JWvUn-I-Iƒ amXta Cu ]pXnb ]cn- m-j-bn¬ tN¿Øn- p≈q. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ aqe-K-Ÿ-Øns‚ Hcp ]Zm-\p-]Z ]cn-`m-j°v Rm≥ apXn¿∂n-ń√. km[y-am-tb-S-tØmfw aqe-KŸw A∏Snhnh¿Ø\w sNøp-hm≥ BXvam¿Y-amb iaw \S-Øn-bn- p-s≠-¶nepw, aqe-K-Ÿ-Ønse Bi-b-ß-fpsS IqSp-X¬ ê-]-Z-amb kwth-Z\-Øn\v Bh-iy-sa∂v tXm∂nb kµ¿ -ß-fn¬ B iaw Dt]-£n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. 1959˛¬Fs‚ Cw•ojv ]cn- mj ]cn-tim-[n-°p-hm≥ aqe-K-Ÿ-Im-c≥ k≥a-\ vImWn®p. At±-l-Øns‚ AwKo-Im-c-tØmsS Cu hnh¿Ø\w s]mXp-P-\-k-a£w ka¿∏n-X-ambn.

1959 -¬ ]pd-Øn-d-ßnb ]Ya ]Xn∏v Ign™ c≠v Zi-I-ß-fn-embn,]e-X-hW ]p\x-]-kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏- n- p≠v. kwh-’-c-ßƒ IS-∂p-t]m-Ish,

* \ne-hn-ep≈ ae-bmf ]cn- mj aqe-K-Ÿ-Øns‚ ]Xn-\memw ]Xn∏v apºn¬ sh®p-≈-XmWv˛ ]km-[-I¿.

25Ah-Xm-cnI

Fs‚ ]cn- m-j°v C\nbpw ]cn-jvI-c-W-ßƒ th≠-Xp-s≠∂v tXm∂n. 1968apX¬ 78 hsc-bp≈ bp.sI. bnse Fs‚ Zo¿L-hmkw, hnZym¿Yn-Po-hnXImeØv hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX Cu IrXnsb IqSp-X¬ ]T-\-hn-t[-b-am-°p-hm≥ Ah-k-c-taIn. Ct∏mƒ, B hnh¿Ø-\-Øns‚ ]cn-jvI-cn® ]Xn∏ve≠-\nse Ckvem-anIv ^ut≠-j≥ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. CuIrXn ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v hne-s∏´ klm-b-ßƒ \evIn-b-Xn\v Middle EastEducations‚ ]Xm-[n-]cpw The Times Higher Education Supplements‚ ap≥ hntZ-i-]-Xm-[n-]cpw Fs‚ kplr-Øp-amb t]mƒ aq¿am-t\mSv F\n°v \µn-bp≠v.]Ya ]cn-`mj Xøm-dm-°p-∂-Xn¬ Fs∂ klm-bn® JzmPm A_vZp¬hmlnZv, A≥km¿ AAvkw F∂n-h-tcm-Sp≈ IrX-⁄-Xbpw Rm\n-hnsStcJ-s∏-Sp-Øs´. ]t£, auem\m auZq-Zn-tbm-Sp≈ hºn® IS-∏mSv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ Fs‚ XqenI Ai-‡-amWv. At±-l-Øns‚ Bi-b-ßfpwDZm-Ø-amb Pohn-X-am-Xr-Ibpw AXbpw i‡n-bmb kzm[o-\-amWv Fs‚Pohn-X-Øn¬, Fs‚ hf¿®-bpsS Hmtcm hnXm-\-Ønepw sNep-Øn-bn- p-≈Xv.At±lw A\-izc Pohn-X-Øn-te°v bmX ]d-™p-t]m-bXv F¥p-amXwAKm-[-amb iq\y-X-bmWv F∂n¬ krjvSn-®-sX∂v ]d-bpI hø. k¿h-i-‡≥ At±-lsØ A\p-K-ln-°p-am-dm-Is´. At±-l-Øns‚ ZuXyw Gs‰-SpØp \S-Øp-hm≥ At±-l-Øns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°v ˛ A°q- -Øn-sem-cm-fm-b-Xn¬ Rm≥ A`n-am\w sIm≈p∂p˛A√mlp DXhn \evIp-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-Is´. ]c-»Xw a\p-jy-cpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ hnπhw krjvSn-°p-IbpwAhsc Ckvem-ans‚ cmP-]m-X-bn-te°v B\-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX IrXn-I-fn-sem-∂mWv cnkmse Zo\n-ømØv. hnhn[ temI- m-j-I-fn-embn ]Øp e£-Øn¬]cw ]Xn-Iƒ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-s∏´ IrXn. Cu IrXn-bpsS ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn¬ `mK- m-°m-Ip-hm≥ km[n®p F∂Xv AXp-ey-amb Hcp _lp-a-Xn-bmbn Rm≥ Icp-Xp∂p.

C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v t]mfnkn ÃUokv,

Ckvem-am-_mZv, ]m°n-ÿm≥

apl¿dw H∂v ˛ 1400

\hw-_¿ Ccp-]Xv ˛ 1979 Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

26 CkvemwaXw

Ckvemwan° temI-a-X-ßfpw H∂p-In¬ B aX-Øns‚ ÿm]-I-s‚tbm As√-¶n¬ AXpZv -hn® kap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚tbm t]cn-em-W-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, InkvXp-aXw F∂ t]¿ tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬\n∂v e`n-®-XmWv. _p≤-a-X-am-Is´, AXns‚ ÿm]-I-\mb alm-flm-_p-≤-\n¬\n∂pw. kucmjvSaXw F∂ t]¿ AXns‚ ÿm]-I-\mb kucmjvSsc(Zoraster) kqNn-∏n-°p∂p. blq-Z-aXw B t]cp≈ tKmX-Øn-em-WpZv`hn-®Xv. an° aX-ß-fp-sSbpw \ma-I-c-W-Øn-∂-Sn-ÿm\w CXpXs∂. F∂m¬, Ckvemw aXw Cus]mXp XØz-Øn-∂-]-hm-Z-atX. "Ckvemw' F∂ t]¿ Hcp ]tXyI hy‡n-bn¬\nt∂m kap-Zm-b-Øn¬\nt∂m DZv -hn-®-X√. B \maw shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv Hcp khn-tij KpW-sØ-bmWv. Ckvemw Hcp hy‡n-bpsS krjvSntbmHcp kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ IpØ-Itbm As√∂v AXns‚ \maw hy‡-am-°p∂p.hy‡n, \maw, P\X F∂n-h-tbmSv AXn∂v ]tXyI _‘-sam-∂p-an√.Ckvemw F∂ khn-tij KpWw a\p-jy-cn¬ kwPm-X-am-°p-I-bm-W-Xns‚e£yw. KX-Ime P\-k-aq-l-ß-fnse kXy-k-‘cpw kpIr-Xn-I-fp-ambGsXms° Bfp-I-fn¬ ]kvXpX KpWw D≠m-bn-cp-∂pthm Ah-sc√mw"apkvenw'-I-fm-bn-cp∂p. C∂pw Ah-cmWv "apkvenw-Iƒ.' F∂pw Ah¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cn°pw "apkvenw-'Iƒ.

"Ckveman's‚ A¿Yw

"Ckvemw' F∂Xv Hcp Ad_n i_vZ-amWv. "A\p-k-cWw', Iogvh-W°w,kºq¿W ka¿∏Ww Fs∂√mw AXn-∂¿Y-ap≠v. as‰mcp hn[w ]d-™m¬,"Ckvemw' F∂m¬ ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°epw Ah∂v Iogvh-W-ßepwAh-\n¬ k¿hkzw ka¿∏n-°-ep-amWv "Ckvemw' F∂ t]cns‚ s]mcpfpwAXtX.*

* Ckvemw F∂ ]Z-Øn\v kam-[m\w F∂pw A¿Y-ap≠v. ssZh-Øn∂v kzbw ka¿∏n-°pIhgn Hcmƒ°v imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-I-hp-ambn kam-[m\w e`y-am-Ip∂p F∂¿Yw. A\p-k-c-W-\n-jvT-amb AØ-c-samcp PohnXw a\x-im¥n ssIh-cp-Øp-Ibpw AXp-hgn kaq-l-Øn-ep-S-\ofw kam-[m\w ÿm]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

1

28 CkvemwaXw

Ckvem-ans‚ bmYm¿Yyw

]m]-©nI hkvXp-°-sf√mw Nne \nb-a-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-am-sW∂vImWmw. kqcy˛Nµ˛\£-X-tKm-f-ß-sf√mw `Z-amb Nne \nb-a-ß-fm¬_‘n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p. B \nb-a-ßƒs°-Xnsc AWp-h-fhpw Nen-°p-hm-\-hbv°v km[y-a√. qan, Hcp \n›n-X-th-K-Øn-emWv Id-ßp-∂Xv. AXns‚\n›nX thK-Øntem ka-b-Øntem ]Y-Øntem Hcp am‰hpw kw -hn-°p-∂n√. hmbphpw sh≈hpw shfn-®hpw Dujvam-hp-sa√mw C]-Imcw Nne\nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ°-[o-\-amWv. [mXp-h¿K-ßƒ, kky-e-Xm-Zn-Iƒ, P¥p-Pm-e-ßƒ F∂nh D≠m-hp-Ibpw hf-cp-Ibpw sNdp-Xm-hp-Ibpw hep-Xm-hp-Ibpw Pohn-°p-Ibpw acn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv Ahbv°v \n›-bn-°-s∏- n-´p≈ \nb-a-ßƒs°mØv amXw. C\n, a\p-jyt\m? Ah\pw Nne ]IrXn\nb-a-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-\mWv. Ah≥ P\n-°p-∂Xpw hf-cp-∂Xpw izkn-°p-∂Xpw Blm-c-]m-\o-b-ßƒ Ign-°p-∂Xpw NqSpw shfn-®hpw Ic-ÿ-am-°p-∂Xpw a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn-∂m-[m-c-amb \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-I-f-\p-k-cn-®mWv.Ahs‚ lrZ-b-an-Sn-∏p-Ifpw izmk-Øp-Sn-∏p-Ifpw c‡-Nw-I-a-W-hp-sa√mwAXm-Xns‚ \nb-a-a-\p-k-cn-®p-amXw. Ahs‚ akvXn-jvIhpw Zl-t\-µn-bhpw\mUo-hyq-lhpw ssIIm-ep-Ifpw ]t©-µn-b-ßfpw F∂p-th≠ ico-c-ØnseHmtcm tImihpw AXm-Xn\v \n›-bn-°-s∏´ tPmen-Iƒ amX-amWv \n¿h-ln-°p-∂Xv.

hm\-tem-I-Ønse h≥tKm-f-ßƒ apX¬ qan-bnse ]c-am-Wp-h-sc-bp≈k¿hhpw Aew-L-\o-b-amb Nne \nb-a-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-amWv F∂v Npcp°w.B \nb-a-ßƒ alm-\mb Hcp ]cm-i‡n \n¿an-®-XmWv. B ]cm-i-‡n-sb-bmWv ]]-©-a-Jn-ehpw AXnse kakvX krjvSn-Pm-e-ßfpw A\p-k-cn-°p-∂Xv. ImcWw, Ah≥ \n¿an® \nb-a-ßƒ°mWv Ah-sb√mw Iogvs∏-´n-cn-°p-∂Xv. Cu A¿Y-Øn¬, kakvX temI-Øn-s‚bpw aXw Ckvem-amWv. ImcWw, Ckvemw F∂m¬ ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°epw Ah∂v Iogvh-W-ßepamWv. At∏mƒ kqcy- N-µ -\-£-Xm-Zn-tKm-f-ßƒ apkvenw-I-fmWv;`qan apkven-amWv; hmbphpw sh≈hpw ]Im-ihpw apkvenw-I-fmWv; I√p-Ifpw ac-ßfpw arK-ßfpw apkvenw-I-fmWv; ssZhsØ Adn-bm-Ø-h\pwssZh-\n-tj-[nbpw ssZth-X-c-i-‡n-Isf ]qPn-°p-∂-h\pw ssZh-Øn¬A\ysc ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°p-∂-h-\p-sa√mw apkvenw Xs∂-bmWv. ImcWw,]IrXym apkven-am-W-h≥. Ahs‚ P\-\hpw Pohn-Xhpw ac-W-hp-sa√mwXs∂ ssZhnI \nb-a-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-amWv. Ahs‚ k¿hmw-K-ß-fp-sSbpwk¿h-tIm-i-ß-fp-sSbpw aXw Ckvem-amWv. ImcWw, Ah-sb√mw ssZhn-I-\n-b-a-a-\p-k-cn-®mWv D≠m-hp-Ibpw hf-cp-Ibpw Nen-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv.F¥n-t\sd, Ahn-th-I-Øm¬, ssZh-\n-tj-[tam _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-ktam]Jym-]n-°p∂ kz¥w \mhp-t]mepw apkven-amWv. ssZth-X-c≥am-cpsSapºn¬ Ah≥ \n¿_-‘-]q¿hw Ip\n-°p∂ kz¥w inc pw A⁄-X-bm¬Ah-tcm-Sp≈ kvt\l-`-‡n-_-lp-am-\-ßƒ \nd-™p-Xp-fp-ºp∂ Ahs‚a\ pw apkven-amWv. ImcWw, Ah-sbm-s°bpw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv ssZhnI\nb-a-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn-®mWv. Ah-bpsS Hmtcm Ne-\hpw ssZhnI hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°v hnt[-b-hp-amWv.

CXv a\p-jym-h-ÿ-bpsS Hcp hiw. CXn-s∂mcp ad-ph-i-ap≠v. a\p-jy≥

29Ckvemw

CXc krjvSn-Pm-e-ß-sf-t∏m-se-b√. hntij _p≤n-bm-e-\p-Kr-lo-X-\m-W-h≥. Ah∂v Nn¥m-i-‡nbpw Kmly-i-‡n-bp-ap≠v. A`n-]m-b-]-I-S\ tijn-bp≠v. Hcp Imcyw kzoI-cn-∏m\pw as‰m∂v Xnc-kvI-cn-°m\pw Ah∂v Ignbpw.H∂ns\ CjvS-s∏-Sm\pw as‰m-∂ns\ shdp-°m-\p-amhpw. Hcp Pohn-X-]-≤Xnkzbw \n¿an-°p-Itbm as‰m-cmƒ \n¿an-®Xv kzoI-cn-°p-Itbm sNøm≥Ignbpw. Cu taJ-e-I-fn¬ a\p-jy≥, CX-c- h-kvXp-°-sf-t∏mse Hcp \n›nX\nb-a-hy-h-ÿ°v hnt[-b-\√. Bibw, A`n-]mbw, I¿aw F∂n-h-bn¬Ah∂v sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-∂p≈ kzmX-¥y-ap≠v. H∂m-asØ Ah-ÿ-bn¬Ah≥ CXc krjvSn--Pm-e-ß-sf-t∏mse P≥a\m "apkvenw' BsW-¶n¬ c≠m-a-sØ-Xn¬ "apkvenw' BIepw BIm-Xn-cn-°epw Ahs‚ A[n-Im-c-]-cn-[n-bn¬ s] -XmWv.

Cu A[n-Im-c-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ a\p-jys\ c≠v Xc-ambnXncn°mw. Hcp a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ kjvSm-hns\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw Ahs\kz¥w \mY\pw bP-am-\\pw Bbn kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-\mWv. kzm[n-Im-c-ap≈ ]iv\-ß-fn¬t]mepw Ah≥ bP-am\ lnXw am\n-°p∂p. Cua\p-jy≥ ]q¿W apkven-amWv. Ahs‚ "Ckvemw' ]q¿W-am-bn-°-gn™p.Ahs‚ PohnXw ASn-apSn "apkvenw'BWv. Adnthm t_m[tam C√msX,\n¿_-‘n-X-\mbn Iogvs]- n-cp∂ AtX \mY∂v Ct∏mƒ Adn-thmSpw t_m[-tØmSpw IqSn hgn-s∏- n-cn-°p-I-bm-W-h≥. Dt±-iy-c-ln-X-ambn A\p-k-cn-®n-cp∂ ssZhsØ Ct∏m-gh≥ Dt±-iy-]q¿hw A\p-k-cn-°p∂p. Ct∏m-g-hs‚⁄m\w bYm¿Y-amWv. ImcWw, Adn-hn\pw ⁄m\-k-ºm-Z-\-Øn-\p-ap≈i‡n- ]-Zm\w sNbvX ssZhsØ Ah≥ Adn™pIgn™p. Ct∏m-g-hs‚Nn¥bpw A`n-]m-bhpw icn-bmWv. ImcWw, Nn¥m-i-‡nbpw Kmly-i-‡nbpw A`n-]m-b-]-I-S-\-ti-jnbpw ]Zm-\w-sNbvX ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-hm≥ Ah≥ kzta-[bm Btem-Nn®p Xocp-am-\n-®n-cn-°p∂p. Ct∏m-g-hs‚\mhv kXy-amWv ]d-bp-∂Xv. ImcWw, AXn∂v kwkm-c-tijn \evInbssZh-sØ-∏-‰n-bmWv AXv samgn-bp-∂Xv. Ahs‚ apgp-h≥ Pohn-X-ØnepwkXyhpw k≥am¿K-hp-am-Wp-≈Xv. ImcWw, Ah≥ X\n-°-[n-Im-c-ap-≈-XnepwC√m-Ø-Xnepw ssZhn-I-\n-b-a-ß-fm-W-\p-k-cn-°p-∂Xv. Ct∏mƒ ka-kvX-tem-I-tØmSpw Ah≥ _‘w ÿm]n-®p-I-gn™p. ImcWw, ]m]-©nI hkvXp-°-f-Jn-ehpw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw tkhn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ AtX ssZhsØXs∂-bmWv Ah\pw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw tkhn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv. Ct∏m-g-h≥ qan-bn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ]Xn-\n[n (Jeo^)bmWv. apgp-tem-Ihpw Ah-t‚Xpw Ah≥ ssZh-Øn-t‚-Xp-amWv.

ssZh-\n-tj-[-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw

C∏-d™ a\p-jy-\n¬\n∂pw hyXy-kvX-\mbn CXm as‰m-cmƒ: Ah≥apkven-ambn P\n®p; Adnhpw t_m[-hp-an-√msX apkven-am-bn-Øs∂XpS¿∂p. ]t£, kz¥w _p≤nbpw ⁄m\-hp-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v Ah≥ssZhsØ Adn-™n√; X\n°v A[n-Im-chpw kzmX-¥yhpap≈- Im-cy-ß-fn¬ ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn -°p-hm≥ CjvS-s∏-ń√. Ch≥ ssZh-\n-tj[n(Im^n¿) BWv. "Ip^v¿' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ A¿Yw "Hfn-∏n-°pI', "ad-bn-SpI' Fs∂m-s°-bm-Ip∂p. Cu a\p-jy≥ kz¥w ]Ir-Xn-bpsS ta¬

30 CkvemwaXw

Ahn-th-I-am-Ip∂ ad Cń-cn-°p-I-bmWv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Ahs\ "Im^n¿'F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv. kXy-Øn¬ Ckvem-anI ]Ir-Xn-tbm-sS-bm-W-h≥ P\n-®Xv. Ahs‚ ico-c-Ønse k¿h-tIm-i-ßfpw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv Ckvem-ans‚ ]Ir-Xn-bn-emWv. Ahs‚ Np‰n-ep-ap≈ kakvXtemIhpw Nen-°p-∂Xv Ckvem-ans‚ ]Ir-Xn-bn-emWv. ]t£, Ahs‚ _p≤n-bpsS ta¬ adhoWn-cn-°p∂p. ka-kvX-tem-I-Øn-s‚bpw Xs‚ Xs∂bpw ]IrXn Ah∂vA⁄m-X-am-bn-t∏m-bn-cn-°p∂p. AXn-\m-eh-≥ B ]Ir-Xn-s°-Xn-cmbn Nn¥n-°p∂p; AXn-s∂-Xn-cmbn Nen-°p-hm≥ ]cn-i-an-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

\ntj-[-Øns‚ sISp-Xn-Iƒ

ssZh-\n-tj[w Hc-⁄-X-bmWv. F∂√, km£m¬ A⁄X AXvXs∂-bmWv. a\p-jy≥ kz¥w kjvSm-hmb ssZhsØ Adn-bm-Xn-cn-°pIF∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ ISpØ A⁄X as‰-¥p≠v? ]]-©-am-Ip∂ Cu ]Sp-Iq-‰≥ b¥-ime cm∏-I¬ Nen-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv Hcmƒ Im-Wp∂p.]t£, AXv \n¿an®v \nb-¥n®v \S-Øp-∂-Xm-sc∂v Ah-∂dn-™p-IqSm![mXp-e-h-W-ßfpw cmk-h-kvXp-°fpw tN¿Øv a\p-jy≥ F∂ \nkvXp-ehpwAZv p-X-I-c-hp-amb Hcp krjvSnsb hm¿sØ-SpØ AXn-\n-]p-W-\mb inev]nBcm-sW-∂-h-∂-dn-bn√! Ahs‚ apºn¬ A\ym-Zr-i-amb Bkq-X-W-Øn-s‚bpw KWn-X-hn -Zy -bp -sSbpw ck-X-¥-Øn-s‚bpw ]cn -]q¿WXkv^pcn®p\nev°p∂ sshhn[y kpµ-c-amb \nc-h[n hkvXp°-fp≠v. IWn-i-amb bp‡nbpw Aº-c-∏n-°p∂ kma¿Yyhpw sXfn-™p-\n-ev°p∂ ]Wn-Ø-c-ß-fp≠v. F∂n´pw Ah-\-dn-bp-∂n√, Chbv°p ]n∂n¬ ]h¿Øn-°p∂k¿h-⁄\pw k¿hi-‡\pw ka¿Y\pw bp‡n-am-\p-amb i‡n-tb-sX∂v!Adn-hns‚ Cu BZym-£-cw-t]mepw kzmb-Ø-am-°n-bn- n-√mØ CØcw Hcphy‡n°v bYm¿Y ⁄m\-Øns‚ IhmSw Xpd-°-s∏-Sp-∂-sX-ßs\? Cuań-ep-s≈m-cmƒ, FX KmV-am-bm-tem-Nn-®mepw FX Xe-]p-I-™m-tem-Nn-®mepw ⁄m\-Øns‚ EPphpw ktµ-l-c-ln-X-hp-amb Dd® am¿Kw HcpcwKØpw Is≠-Øp-I-bn√. ImcWw, XpS-°-Øn¬ Xs∂ A⁄-X-bm-Ip∂A‘-Im-c-am-W-bmƒ ImWpI. HSp-°hpw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-°p-I-bn√.

ssZh-\n-tj[w(Ip v¿) Hcp AI-a-amWv. F∂√, G‰hpw henb AIawIp^vdmWv. AIaw F∂m-se-s¥∂v \ap-°-dnbmw. Hcp hkvXpsh kz¥w]Ir-Xn°pw kz`m-h-Øn\pw hncp-≤-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-XmWv AIaw.]m]-©nI hkvXp°-f-Jn-ehpw ssZh-Øns‚ B⁄m-\p-h¿Øn-I-fm-sW∂pw Ah-bpsS ]IrXn Xs∂ "Ckvemw' BsW∂pw apºp ]d-™p-ht√m. a\p-jy-i-co-chpw AXnse k¿hmw-K-ßfpw CtX ]Ir-Xn-b-\p-k-cn-®mWv Nen-°p-∂Xv. Ah-bv°p-ta¬ B[n-]Xyw ]pe¿Øm-\p≈ ]cn-an-X-amb kzmX¥yw ssZhw a\p-jy∂v \evIn-bn- p-s≠-∂Xv icn-bmWv. ]t£,Ah ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\m-Øp-]-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa-∂-XmWv Ah-bpsS ]IrXnBh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv. ]t£, Hcp \ntj[n, Ah kz¥w ]Ir-Xn-s°-Xn-cm-bm-Wp-]-tbm-Kn-°pI. Ah≥ kzin-c v A\y-cpsS apºn¬ Ip\n-°p∂p. bYm¿Y-Øn-eXv ssZh-Øns‚ Zmk-\mWv. A\y-tcm-Sp≈ kvt\lm-Z-c-hp-I-fm-Ip∂hnK-l-ßsf Ah≥ kza-\- n¬ ]Xn-jvTn-°p∂p. ]IrXym ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ `b- -‡n-_-lp-am-\-ßƒ amXw \nd-™p- \nevt°-≠-XmWm a\- v.

31Ckvemw

kz¥w Ah-b-h-ßfpw kz¥w \n-b-¥-W-Øn-ep≈ a‰p hkvXp°-sfbpwAh≥ ssZth-O-s°-Xn-cmbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. kXy-Øn¬ Ah-bpsS]IrXn BK-ln-°p-∂Xv Ah ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv D]-tbm-Kn-°-s∏-S-W-sa-∂mWv. Cu a\p-jy≥ k¿h-h-kvXp-°-tfmSpw AIaw ImWn-°p-I-bmWv. kz¥w AkvXn-Xz-tØmSp t]mepw. Cbm-sf-°mƒ henb as‰m-c-I-an-bmcv?

ssZh-\n-tj[w AIaw amX-a√, [n°m-chpw IqSn-bmWv. cmPy-tZm-lhpw\µn-tI-Sp-am-WXv. Btem-Nn®p t\m°pI: a\p-jys‚ hiw kz¥-ambn F¥m-Wp-≈Xv? Ahs‚ akvXnjvIw krjvSn-®-Xm-cmWv? Aht\m AtXm,ssZhtam? lrZbw, t\Xw, \mhv XpS-ßnb Ah-b-h-ßƒ BcpsS krjvSn-bmWv? Ahs‚ Xs∂tbm AtXm ssZh-Øn-s‚tXm? a\p-jys‚ Np‰nepwAkwJyw hkvXp-°ƒ! B hkvXp-°ƒ Ahs‚ D]-tbm-K-Øn\v ]mI-Øn¬! Ah D]-tbm-Kn-°p-hm-\p≈ i‡nbpw bp‡n-bp-ap≠v a\p-jy∂v!CsXms° krjvSn-s®m-cp-°n-bXv a\p-jy≥ Xs∂tbm AtXm ssZhtam?kIe hkvXp-°fpw ssZh-Øn-s‚-XmWv; Ah-\m-W-h-bpsS kjvSmhv;Ah≥ amX-am-W-h-bpsS DSa; Ah≥ \evIn-b-Xp-sIm≠v amX-amWv Aha\p-jy∂v e`n-®Xv ˛ CsX√mw Bcpw kΩ-Xn-°p∂ kXy-ß-fmWv. kXywCXm-sW-¶n¬, ssZhw \evInb akvXnjvIw D]-tbm-Kn®v ssZh-Øn-s∂-Xn-cn¬ Nn¥n-°p-∂Xpw ssZhw \evInb lrZ-b-Øn¬ ssZh-hn-cp-≤m-i-b-ßƒ]pe¿Øp-∂Xpw ssZh-a-cp-fnb ]t©-µn-b-ßƒ ssZhm- o-jvS-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbnD]-tbm-Kn-°p∂Xpw [n°m-chpw \µn-tISpw ssZ-h-tZm-l-hp-a-s√-¶n¬ as‰-¥mWv? Hcp `rXy≥ bP-am-\s‚ tNmdpw Xn∂v Abm-tfmSv [n°mcw ImWn-®m¬ \ma-hs\ \µn-sI- -h-s\∂v hnfn°pw. Hcp-tZym-K-ÿ≥ kz¥w A[n-Im-c-ßƒ `c-W-Iq-S-Øn-s∂-Xnsc D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-]£w \ma-hs\ cmPy-tZmln F∂p hnfn°pw. Hcmƒ X\n-°p-]-Imcw sNbvX-hs\ h©n-°p∂]£w \ma-hs\ \µn-bn-√m-Ø-h-s\∂pw h©-I-s\∂pw hnfn°pw.

F∂m¬, a\p-jy≥ a\p-jy-t\mSv \µn-tISpw h©-\bpw [n°m-chpwsNøpI F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xn¬ F¥¿Y-am-Wp-≈Xv? Hcp a\p-jy∂v Blmcw\evIm≥ as‰mcp a\p-jy∂v Ign-bp-∂-sX-ßs\? bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Blmcw\evIp-∂Xv ssZh-at√? DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS A[n-Im-c-ßƒ FhnsS\n∂v h∂p?B[n-]-Xyhpw A[n-Im-chpw \evIp-∂Xv ssZh-at√? Hcmƒ A]-c∂v \≥asNøp-∂-sX-ßs\? F√mw ssZh-Z-Ø-at√? a\p-jys‚ G‰hpw henb IS-∏mSv kz¥w amXm-]n-Xm-°-tfm-Sm-Wt√m. F∂m¬, amXm-]n-Xm-°-fpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ k¥m-\-hm-’-ey-ap-≠m-°n-b-Xm-cmWv? amXm-hns‚ ape-∏m¬BcpsS krjvSn-bmWv? Xm≥ ]Wn-s∏- p-≠m-°nb kºmZyw, ]tbm-P-\-c-ln-X-amb Hcp amwk-]nWvUw amX-amb Xs‚ k¥m-\-Øn\mbn kk-t¥mjw hybw sNøp-hm-\p≈ a\-ÿnXn ]nXr-lr-Z-b-Øn¬ BcmWvkrjvSn-®Xv? B amwk-]n-WvUsØ Xo‰n-t∏m-‰n-h-f¿Øp-hm\pw Ah∂vin£W kwkvIc-W-ßƒ \evIp-hm-\p-ambn kz¥w [\hpw ka-bhpw kpJ-t`m-K-ßfpw _en-b¿∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ t]c-I-i‡n ]nXm-°-fn¬ krjvSn-®-Xm-cmWv? "ssZhw' Ft∂ adp-]-Sn-bp≈q. At∏mƒ a\p-jys‚ km£m¬KpW-Imw-£nbpw bYm¿Y cmPmhpw ssZh-amWv. k¿thm-]cn Ahs‚ kwc-£-I\pw. B ssZhsØ \ntj-[n-°p-Ibpw Ahs\ ssZh-am-bw-Ko-I-cn-°m-

32 CkvemwaXw

Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ a\p-jy≥ FX ISpØ [n°m-cnbpw cmPy-tZm-ln-bp-amWv! B ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw Ahs‚ Zmk-\mbnh¿Øn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xpw F¥p-amXw h©-\bpw \µn-tI-Sp-amWv!

F∂m¬, ssZh-\n-tj[w ssZh-Øn\v h√ lm\nbpw hcp-Øn-°-f-bp-sa∂v Icp-X-cpXv. alm-cm-Pm-hmWv ssZhw. Ahs‚ `c-Wm-Xn¿Øn-bpsSBZnbpw A¥yhpw \ap-°n-Xp-hsc a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-™n- n√. AXn-i-‡-\mWv ssZhw. tImSn-°-W-°mb hm\-tKm-f-ßsf kz¥w B⁄-b-\p-k-cn®v ]¥p-t]mse Id-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ alm-i-‡n-am≥. ]]-©-Øn-ep≈ kI-eXpw Ahs‚ kzØmWv. Ah-bpsS Ah-Im-i-Øn¬ as‰m-∂n\pwHml-cn-bn√. AXn-_r-lØpw \n o-a-hp-am-WXv. ]]-©-Ønse k¿h- h-kvXp-°fpw Bi-bn-°p∂ alm-k-am- m-W-h≥. Ah∂v a‰m-scbpw Bi-bn-t°≠ Bh-iy-an√. k¿hX kzX-¥-\m-W-h≥. Aß-s\-bp≈ Hcp alm-cm-Pm-hn\v a\p-jy≥ Ahs\ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-XvsIm≠v h√ em`tam Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v h√ \jvStam kw -hn-°ptam? AXn-\p-amXw a\p-jym-kvXn-Xz-Øn\v F¥v ÿm\-am-Wp-≈Xv? a\p-jys‚ IrX-Lv\-Xbpw [n°m-chpw hgn ssZh-Øn\v bmsXmcp lm\nbpw Gev]n-°pI km[y-a√. adn®v,AXp-hgn a\p-jy≥ kz¥w \mi-Øn-\p≈ kma-Kn-Iƒ kzbw Hcp-°pIamX-amWv sNøp-∂Xv.

a\p-jy≥ Xo¿Øpw ]cm-Pn-X\pw \jvS-s∏- -h\pw Bbn-Øo-cpI F∂-XmWv ssZh-\n-tj-[-Øn-s‚bpw ssZh-[n-°m-c-Øn-s‚bpw A\n-hm-cy- ew.Ah-s∂m-cn-°epw ⁄m\-Øns‚ t\¿hgn e`n-°n√. kz¥w kjvSm-hn-s\-t∏mepw Adn-bm-\p-X-ImØ ⁄m\w as‰¥v Ad-nhmWv t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°pI? Ahs‚ _p≤n kZm hf-™-h-gnt° Ncn°q. kz¥w kjvSm-hns\Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn¬ ]ng-®p-t]mb _p≤n as‰-¥n-emWv t\¿hgn \S-°pI?Pohn-X-Ønse kIe G¿∏m-Sp-I-fnepw Ah∂v ]nghv ]nW-™p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw; [m¿an-Ihpw \mK-cn-Ihpw kmwk¿Kn-Ihpw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw cmjvSo-b-hp-amb taJ-e-I-sf√mw \mtim≥ap-J-am-bn-cn°pw.temIØh≥ \m-ihpw Ipg-∏hpw ]cØpw; c‡-∏p-g-I-sfm-gp°pw. A\yscAI-an°pw; A]-cs‚ Ah-Im-i-ß-f-]-l-cn°pw. Zpjn® Bi-b-ßfpwZpjvsN-bvXn-Ifpw hgn kzPo-hn-XsØ Xs∂ ZpjvI-chpw \c-I-Xp-ey-hp-am°pw. C\n-b-h≥ ]mc-XnI temI-sØ-Øn-bmtem? Ahs‚ AI-a-ßƒ°n-c-bmb k¿h- hkvXp-°fpw Ah-s∂-Xn-cn¬ A\ymbw t_m[n-∏n°pw.Ahs‚ akvXn-jvIhpw lrZ-bhpw IÆp-Ifpw ImXp-Ifpw ssIIm-ep-IfpwamX-a-√, Hmtcm tcmahpw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ Bh-emXn t_m[n-∏n°pw˛\ns‚ Iev]\ ewLn-°p-Ibpw \ns∂ [n°-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-hm≥ CuAIan Rßsf _em-¬°mcw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v! ssZhsØ[n°-cn-®p-sIm≠v Ah≥ \S-°p-Ibpw \nh-kn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX `qanbpw\nb-a-hn-cp-≤-ambn Ign® Blm-chpw \njn≤ am¿K-Øn¬ kºm-Zn-°p-IbpwsNe-h-gn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX [\hpw A\ym-b-ambn ssIh-i-s∏-SpØn D]-tbm-Kn® a‰p hkvXp-°fpw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ Ah-s∂-Xnsc ]cmXn ]dbpw.\oXn-am-\mb ssZhw ]cm-Xn-°m-cpsS k¶-S-]-cn-lm-c-Øn-\mbn Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ°v ITn-\hpw \nµy-hp-amb in£ \evIp-Ibpw sNøpw.

33Ckvemw

Ckvem-ans‚ kZv^-e-ßƒ

ssZh-\n-tj-[-Øns‚ tZmj-^-e-ß-fmWv CXp-hsc ]d-™Xv. C\n,Ckvem-an-I-am¿Kw Df-hm-°p∂ kZv -e-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n°mw. ]]-©-Øn-ep-S-\ofw Znhy-Xz-Øns‚ sXfn-hp-Iƒ hym]n-®p-In-S°p--∂p-s≠∂v apºv K-ln-®p-ht√m. kp -Z-amb Hcp hyh-ÿ-bn¬, kpi-‡-amb \nba-ßƒ°pIogn¬ Nen-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ AXn-a-l-Ømb Cu ]]©w \n¿an®v \S-Øp-∂Xv AP-ø-\mb Hc-[n-]-\m-sW∂pw Ahs‚ B[n-]-Xy-Øn-s∂-XnscXe-s]m-°m≥ bmsXm-∂n\pw km[y-a-s√∂pw D≈-Xn∂v kIe ]m]-©n-I-h-kvXp-°-fpw km£yw hln-°p-∂p≠v. ]]-©-Øn-s‚-Xp-t]m-se-Øs∂ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°pI F∂-XmWv a\p-jy-]-Ir-Xnbpw. t_m[-]q¿h-a-√msX Xs∂ Ah≥ kZm ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p. ImcWw,ssZh-Øns‚ ]IrXn\nb-a-ßƒ ewLn®psIm≠v Ah-∂n-hnsS Pohn-®n-cn-°pI km[y-a√.

ssZhw a\p-jy\v ⁄m\ kºm-Z-\-tijn \evIn; Btem-N\m i-‡nbpwKl-W-ti-jnbpw \evIn; kXym-kXy hnth-N-\-Øn-\p≈ Ign-thIn. AtXm-sSm∏w Ah∂v kzmX-¥yhpw ]Zm\w sNbvXp. Cu kzmX-¥y-Zm-\-Øns‚km£m¬ Dt±iyw a\p-jys\ ]co-£n-°-emWv Ahs‚ ⁄m\-sØbpw_p≤n-sbbpw hnth-N-\-i-‡n-sbbpw ]co-£n-°¬. Ah∂v e`n® kzmX-¥yw Fßs\ D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂p F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°¬. Cu ]co-£-bn¬GsX-¶n-ep-samcp am¿Kw Xs∂ kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ a\p-jy≥ \n¿_-‘n-°-s∏-Sp-∂n√. Aßs\ \n¿_-‘n-°p∂ ]£w ]co-£-bpsS Dt±iyw Xs∂hn -eam-bn-t∏mIpw. tNmZy-°-S-emkp sImSpØ tijw Hcp \n›nX DØcwXs∂-sb-gp-Xm≥ hnZym¿Yn-Isf \n¿_-‘n-°p-∂-]£w ]ns∂-sb-¥n-\mWv]co£? GXp-Ø-c-hp-sa-gp-Xm≥ kzmX¥yw Ds≠-¶nte Ah-cpsS icn-bmbtbmKyX Is≠-Øm-\mhq. icn-bp-Ø-c-sa-gp-Xp-∂-h¿ hnP-bn°pw. Ah¿°papºn¬ ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS IhmSw Xpd-∂p-In´pw. sX‰mb DØ-c-sa-gp-Xn-b-h¿tXmev°pw. kz¥w A]m-]vXnbpw Atbm-Ky-Xbpw `mhn ]ptcm-K-Xn-bpsS]mX Ah¿°p apºn¬ AS-®p-I-fbpw.

Hcp hy‡n Xs‚bpw ]]-©-Øn-s‚bpw ]IrXn Adn-bp-∂n√. kz¥wkjvSm-hn-s\bpw Ahs‚ KpW-K-W-ß-sfbpw icn-bmbn a\- n-em-°p-∂n√.X\n°p e`n® ]cn-an-X-amb kzmX¥yw Zpcp-]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn Abmƒ \nb-a-ew-L\w \S-Øp-Ibpw [n°mcw ImWn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Cu a\p-jy≥]co-£-bn¬ tXm‰-h-\mWv. ⁄m\w, _p≤n, hnth-N-\-i‡n, I¿Ø-hy-t_m[w F∂n-h-bnse ]co-£-bn-e-bmƒ tXm‰-ºn-bn-cn-°p∂p. Xms\mcp Xcw-XmW a\p-jy-\m-sW∂pw H∂n\pw sIm≈m-Ø-h-\m-sW∂pw kzbw sXfn-bn-®n-cn-°p∂p. AXn-\m¬, ta¬sNm∂ hn[-Øn-ep≈ ]cn-Wm-ata Abm-f¿ln-°p-∂p≈q.

C\n as‰mcp hy‡n ˛ ]co£ Pbn-®-h≥. Abmƒ Xs‚ ⁄m\hpw_p≤nbpw icn-°p-]-tbm-Kn®v ssZhsØ Adn™p; AwKo-I-cn®p. AXn-∂-bmƒ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-bn-cp-∂n√. \≥a Xn≥a-Isf th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]nghv]‰msX, Xs‚ kzX-¥-amb sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-eqsS Abmƒ \≥asb CjvS-s∏´p. Xn≥a kzoI-cn-°p-hm-\-bmƒ°v kzmX-¥y-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. ]t£,

34 CkvemwaXw

sNbvXn√. Abmƒ kz¥w ]IrXn icn°v a\- n-em°n; Xs‚ ssZhsØXncn-®-dn™p. \nbaw ewLn-°m-\-bmƒ°v kzmX-¥y-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. ]t£,ssZhm-\p-k-c-W-am-W-bmƒ sXc-s™-Sp-ØXv. Cu a\p-jy≥ ]-co-£-bn¬Pbn®p. F¥p-sIm≠v? Abmƒ Xs‚ _p≤n icn-°p-]-tbm-Kn®p; IÆp-IƒsIm≠v \√-hÆw I≠p; ImXp-IƒsIm≠v \∂mbn tI´p; akvXn-jvIw-sIm≠v icn-bmb A`n-]mbw cq]o-I-cn®p; kXyw kzoI-cn-°p-sa∂v a\- vsIm≠v Xocp-am-\n®p; kXyw Xncn-®-dn-™p-sIm≠v Xm≥ kXy-t_m-[-ap-≈-h-\m-sW∂v ImWn®p; kXy-Øn\p apºn¬ Xe-Ip-\n-®p-sIm≠v Xm≥kXy-Øns‚ tkh-I-\m-sW∂v sXfn-bn®p. Aßs\ Abmƒ ]co£Pbn®p. CØcw kZvKp-W-ß-fp≈ hy‡n-Iƒ Cl-Ønepw ]c-ØnepwhnPbw ]m]n-°pI Xs∂-sNøpw ˛ Xo¿®.

Cu a\p-jy≥ PvRm\ I¿a-ß-fpsS GXv taJ-e-bnepw icn-bmb hgn-bnte k©-cn°q. ImcWw, kjvSm-hns\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw Ahs‚ KpW-ßƒ a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvX hy‡n ⁄m\-Øns‚ BZn-bp-a-¥yhpwicn°v Kln-®-h-\mWv. AØcw hy‡n°v Hcn-°epw ]nghv ]‰n√.AbmfpsS BZy Im¬sh∏v Xs∂ k≥am¿K-Øn-emWv. Xs‚ A¥ye£ysØ°pdn®pw Dd® t_m[-ap-≠-bmƒ°v. Abmƒ Hcp XØzm-t\z-jn-sb-t∏mse ]]-©-c-l-ky-ß-f-dn-bm≥ ]cn-i-an°pw. ]t£, Abmƒ Hc-hn-izm-kn-sb-t∏mse Dulm-t]m-l-ß-fnepw A\p-am-\-ß-fnepw sN∂p-S-°n√.Abmƒ ]Ir-Xn-imkvXw hgn ]m]-©nI \nb-a-ßƒ ]-Tn-°m≥ ]cn-i-an°pw; ]]-©-Øn-e-¥¿ -hn®p InS-°p∂ cl-ky-ßƒ ]pd-sØ-Sp°pw; a\p-jy-\n¬ ssZhw \nt£]n-®p-sh® i‡nhnti-j-ßƒ At\z-jn®vIs≠Øpw; BImi `qan-I-fnse k¿h hkvXp-°fpw Fßs\ bYm-hn[nD]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-sa∂v I≠p]nSn°pw; F∂m¬, At∏m-sgms° imkvX-⁄m-\sØ Zpcp-]-tbmKw sNøp-∂-Xn¬\n∂pw ssZh-t_m[w AbmsfXSbpw. ""Rm≥ C°m-Wp∂ hkvXp-°-fp-sS-sb√mw DS-a-bmWv; ]Ir-XnsbRm≥ Iog-S-°n-°-gn™p; Rm≥ ]Ir-Xn-im-kvXsØ Fs‚ kzm¿Y-Øn-\mbn btYjvSw D]-tbm-Kn°pw; temIsØ Rm≥ A´n-a-dn°pw; sIm≈bpwsImebpw c‡-s®m-cn-®nepw hgn Fs‚ A[n-Im-cm-[n-]Xyw Rm≥ temI-amsI ÿm]n°pw'' F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ sX‰-p[m-c-W-sbm∂pw Abmƒ°p-≠m-hn√. CXv ssZh-\n-tj-[n-bmb Hcp imkvX-⁄s‚ amXw hoc-hm-Z-ß-fmWv.* imkvXob Kth-j-W-ß-fn¬ ]ptcm-K-an-°p-t¥mdpw apkvenw imkvX-⁄s‚ ssZh-hn-izmkw ZrV-X-c-am-bn-s°m-t≠-bn-cn°pw. AX-bp-a-bmƒssZh-tØmSv \µn-bp-≈-h-\p-am-bn-cn°pw. kz\m-Y≥ Xs‚ Ignhpw ⁄m\hpwh¿[n-∏n-°p-∂-Xns‚ tXmX-\p-k-cn®v Xm≥ kaq-l-Øns‚ t£ssa-iz-cy-

* Cu Zpxÿn-Xn-bmWv C∂v B[p-\nI a\p-jys\ t\cn- n-cn-°p-∂Xv. tUm. tPmUv ]d-bp∂p:""imkvXw Znhy-k-am-\-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ \ap°v ]Zm\w sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. F¶nepw Ah]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ kvIqƒ Ip´n-I-fp-sSbpw A]-cn-jvIr-X-cp-sSbpw at\m- m-h-amWv\mw ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂Xv.'' ]apJ Zm¿i-\n-I-\mb _¿S≠v d ¬ Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Iptd-°qSnsXfn-®p-]-d-bp-∂-Xm-bm¬, D]m-[n-Iƒ°p-th≠n a\p-jy-km-a¿Yyhpw e£y-ßƒ°p-th≠na\p-jy-hn-UvVn-Øhpw XΩn¬ \S-°p∂ Hcp ]¥-b-Øns‚ \Sp-°mWv \mw C∂p-≈Xv.hnh-c-t°Spw Imcy-£-a-X-bn-√m-bvabpw sIm≠mWv a\p-jy≥ C∂v hsc AXn-Po-hn-®n- p-≈Xv. ⁄m\hpw Imcy-£-a-Xbpw hnUvVn-Øhpw H∂p-tN¿∂-tXmsS mhn IqSp-X¬ kwi-bm-kv]-Z-am-bn-cn-°-bmWv. ⁄m\w i‡n-bmWv. \∑-s°-∂-t]mse Xn≥a-°pap≈ i‡n.⁄m\w IqSp-∂-Xn-∂-\p-k-cn®v a\p-jy\v Xt‚Sw IqSm-Ø-]£w ⁄m\ h¿[\ bYm¿Y-

35Ckvemw

ßƒ°mbn ]c-am-h[n ]cn-i-an-t°-≠-Xp-s≠-∂m-bn-cn°pw Abm-fpsShnizmkw. ssZhw X\n°-cp-fnb A\p-K-l-ßƒ°p≈ \µn-]-Im-i\wAsXm∂p amX-am-sW-∂-bmƒ IcpXpw.

A]-Imcw Xs∂ NcnXw, kmº-Øn-I-imkvXw, cmjvS-ao-amwk, \nbawXpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fn¬ \S-Øp∂ ]T\˛Kth-jW˛ \nco-£-W-ß-fnepwHcp apkvenw Hcn-°epw \ntj-[n-bpsS ]nd-In-em-bn-cn-°n√. ]t£, Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw ho£-W-ß-fn¬ henb A¥cw ImWpw. imkvX ]T\w \S-Øp∂apkven-an\v icn-bmb ho£-Whpw ]hn-X-amb Dt±-iyhpw D≠m-bn-cn°pw.X≥aqew Abmƒ icn-bmb \nK-a-\-ß-f-nse-Øn-t®-cp∂p; NcnXw ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS qX-Im-em-\p- -h-ß-fn¬\n∂v ]mT-apƒs°m-≈p∂p.P\-k-aq-l-ß-fpsS D∞m\˛]X-\-ßƒ°v tlXp-hmbn h¿Øn® LS-I-ßfpw Ah-cpsS kwkvImc˛\mK-cn-I-X-I-fn-e-¥¿ -hn® Pt\m-]-Im-c-]-Z-ambImcy-ßfpw Abmƒ NnI-s™-Sp°pw. F∂n´v D¬Ir-jvS-hn-`m-K-ß-fn¬Is≠-Ønb KpW-hn-ti-j-ß-fp-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Zpjn® kaq-l-ß-fpsS XI¿®°v \nZm-\-am-bn-Øo¿∂ Xn≥a-Isf Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.kmº-ØnI cwK-Ø-bmƒ GXm\pw hy‡n-Iƒ°v amXw em`w t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°p-Ibpw \nc-h[n t]¿°v \jvSw hcp-Øn-sh-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hyh-ÿ-Iƒ°v ]Icw a\p-jy-cm-in-s°m-cp-t]mse KpW-]-Z-amb [\m-K-a-\-hybcoXn Bhn-jvI-cn°pw. cmjvSo-b-ta-J-e-bn¬ Abm-fpsS apgp-i-≤bpw,temIØv im¥nbpw kam-[m-\hpw \≥abpw \oXnbpw hnf-bm-Sm-\p-X-Ip∂`c-W-hy-hÿ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-em-bn-cn°pw. Hcp hy‡ntbm I£ntbm ssZh-Zm-k≥-amsc kz¥w Zmk≥am-cm°n am‰m-Xn-cn-°m≥ Abmƒ i≤n°pw. `c-W-sØbpw AXns‚ apgp-h≥ kzm[o-\-i-‡n-sbbpw ssZh-Øns‚ A\m-a-Ømbn amXta Abmƒ KWn°q. amX-a√, Ahsb ssZh-Zm-k≥am-cpsSt£ssaiz-cy-ßƒ°mbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-hm≥ ]c-am-h[n ]cn-i-an-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. \nbaw ssIIm-cyw-sN-øp-tºmƒ P\-ßƒ°v kºq¿W-\oXn ssIh-cp-Ø-em-bn-cn°pw Abm-fpsS e£yw A¿l-cm-b-h¿°v kz¥wAh-Im-i-ßƒ \oXn-]q¿hw e`y-am-°p-Ibpw Bcpw A\o-Xn°v hnt[-b-cm-hm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ \nb-a-hy-hÿ.

apkven-ans‚ kz`m-h-Øn¬ ssZh- -‡nbpw kXy-k-‘-Xbpw k≥am¿K\njvTbpw D≠m-bn-cn°pw. k¿h-Øn-s‚bpw DSa ssZh-amWv; Xs‚bpw a‰p-≈-h-cps-Sbpw ]°-ep-≈-sX√mw ssZh-Z-Ø-amWv; Xm≥ bmsXm-∂n-s‚bpwDS-a-b√˛ kzi-co-c-Øns‚ t]mepw. kI-eXpw ssZh-Øns‚ A\m-a-ØmWv;Ah ssIImcyw sNøm≥ X\n°v \evI-s∏´ A[n-Imc kzmX-¥y-ßsfXm≥ ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv amXw ssIImcyw sNtø-≠-Xp≠v; Hcp-\mƒCu A\m-aØv ssZhw Xncn-®p-hmßpw; A∂v Hmtcm hkvXp-hn-s‚bpwIW°v Xm≥ t_m[n-∏n-t°-≠n-hcpw Cu t_m[w Hmtcm apkven-an-s‚bpw

Øn¬ k¥m-]-h¿[-\-bm-bn-cn°pw.'' (Impact of Science on Society pp. 120-121)

as‰mcp ]apJ Nn¥-I≥ Cu hntcm-[m- m-ksØ hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv ImWpI: ""hmbp-hn¬ ]d-h-I-sf-t∏mse ]d-°m\pw shf-f-Øn¬ a’y-sØ-t∏mse \o¥m\pw \mw ]Tn-®n-cn-°p∂p.`qan-bn¬ a\p-jy-s\-t∏mse Pohn-°m≥ amXw \ap-°-dn-™p-IqSm.'' (Quoted by Joad in 'CounterAttack From the East' p. 28)

36 CkvemwaXw

a\- n¬ kPo-h-am-bn-cn°pw.

Cu t_m[-tØmsS PohnXw \bn-°p∂ a\p-jys‚ kz`mh KpW-ßƒF¥p-amXw D¬Ir-jvS-am-bn-cn°pw! Abm-fpsS a\ v Zp¿hn-Nm-c-ß-fn¬\n∂vap‡-am-bn-cn°pw; ZpjvNn-¥-Iƒ Abm-fpsS akvXn-jvI-Øn-\-\y-am-bn-cn°pw;Xs‚ IÆp-Isf Xn≥a-I-fn¬\n-∂-bmƒ Xncn-®p-I-fbpw; kt`y-X-c-am-b-h-bn¬\n∂v ImXp-I-f-S°pw. Abm-fpsS \mhv AkXyw Dcn-bm-Sp-I-bn√. kz¥wBam-i-b-Øn¬ \njn-≤-amb £Ww \nd-bv°p-∂-Xnepw Abmƒ-°njvSwhni-∂n-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw. Abm-fpsS Ic-ßƒ, \ymb-an-√msX, A\y¿°vt\sc Db-cp-I-bn√; Imep-Iƒ sX‰mb hgn-bn¬ Ncn-°p-Ibpan√; kz¥winc- ns\, AXv tOZn-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂v h∂m¬t]mepw, A\y-cpsS apºn-e-bmƒ Ip\n-°p-I-bn√. Xs‚ bmsXm-cm-ibpw Bh-iyhpw AI-ahpw A\o-Xnbpw hgn ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-I-bn√. \≥a-bp-sSbpw tijvT-X-bp-sSbpw aq¿Øn-bm-bn-cn-°p-a-bmƒ. Abmƒ°v kXyw, k¿h-Ønepw hne-s∏- -Xm-bn-cn°pw.AXn-∂p-th≠n Xs‚ apgp-h≥ Bi-I-fp-a-bmƒ _en-b¿∏n°pw. kIe em -ßfpw ]cn-Xy-Pn°pw ˛ kztZ-l-sØ-t∏mepw! h√ em`hpw ]Xo-£nt®m\jvSw `bt∂m Ak-Xy-hp-ambn Atijw Abmƒ kl-I-cn-°p-I-bn√.hnPbw AØ-c-°m¿°v amXw A¿l-X-s∏- -XmWv.

Cu a\p-jys\-°mƒ tijvT\pw am\y-\p-amb as‰m-cmƒ D≠m-hn√.Imc-W-ap≠v. Abm-fpsS inc v ssZh-Øn-s‚-b-√msX a‰m-cpsS apºnepwIp\n-bp-∂n√. Abm-fpsS ssIIƒ ssZth-X-c≥am-cpsS apºn-te°v \ofp-∂n√. At∏mƒ ]ns∂, Abmsf lo\Xzw _m[n-°p-∂-sX-ßs\? Cu a\p-jy-s\-°mƒ i‡-\mb as‰m-cmfpw D≠m-hn√. ImcWw, Abmƒ°v ssZh-sØ-sbm-gn®v a‰m-scbpw `b-an√. ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂-√msX A\p-K-ltamHuZm-cytam Abm-fm-in-°p-∂n√. Cu a´n-ep≈ Hcmsf kXy-Øn¬ \n∂vhyXn-N-en-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp∂ i‡n-tb-Xp≠v? Abm-fpsS hnizmkw hne-°p-hm-ßm≥ GXv kº-Øn-\mWv km[y-am-hpI.

Cu hnizm-kn-sb-°mƒ sFiz-cy-hm-\mbn as‰m-cmfpw qap-J-Øp-≠m-hn√.ImcWw, Abmƒ BUw-_-c-]n-b-\√; tZtl-O-I-fpsS ASn-a-b√. ZpcbpwAXym¿Øn-bp-ap-≈-h-\√; \ymbhpw \nb-a-hn-t[-b-hp-amb A[zm-\- -e-Øn¬kwXr-]vX-\m-W-bmƒ. \njn-≤-am¿K-Ønepw \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-ambpw kzcq-]n®kº-Øn-t\mSv \nµbpw shdp∏pw amXta Abmƒ°p-≠mIq. Abm-fXv Ah-⁄m-]q¿hw Xnc-kvI-cn°pw. a\x-im-¥nbpw kwXr-]vXn-bp-am-Ip∂ kº-Øn-s\-°mƒ Aaq-ey-amb as‰¥v kzØmWv a\p-jy\v e`n-°m-\p-≈Xv?

Cu a\p-jy-s\-°mƒ DØ-a-\mb Hcp kplrtØm Iq´p-Im-ct\m D≠m-hn√. ImcWw, Abmƒ F√m-h-cp-sSbpw Ah-Imiw hI-sh®p sImSp-°p∂p;Bcp-sSbpw Ah-Imiw A]-l-cn-°p-∂n√. k¿h-P-\-ß-tfmSpw \≥a-sN-øp∂p. BtcmSpw Xn≥a-sN-øp-∂n√. k¿h-P-\-ß-fp-sSbpw t£ssa-iz-cyßƒ°mbn ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬, AXn\v bmsXmcp ]Xn- e-hp-am-K-ln-°p-∂n√. P\-lr-Z-b-ßƒ kzbw Abm-fn-te-°m-I¿jn-°-s∏-Sp∂p.Abmsf kvt\ln-°p-hm\pw _lp-am-\n-°p-hm\pw kI-ecpw \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

Cu a\p-jys\-°mƒ k¿h-k-Ω-X\pw hniz-kvX-\p-ambn as‰m-cp-Ø-\p-≠m-hn√. ImcWw, Abmƒ hnizm-k-h-©\ sNøp-I-bn√; kXyw apdp-sI-

37Ckvemw

∏n-Sn°pw; hmKvZØw ]men°pw; F¥n\pw tbmKy-\m-bn-cn°pw; a‰p-≈-h¿Xs∂ I≠m-ep-an-s√-¶nepw ssZhw ImWp-∂p-s≠∂ t_m[-Øm-e-bmƒk¿h-cw-KØpw kXy-k-‘X ]pe¿Øpw. Cu a´n-ep≈ Hcmsf BcmWvhniz-kn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI? Hcp apkven-ans‚ kz`m-h-N-cy-Iƒ ]Tn-°p-∂-]£wAbmƒ \oN\pw lo\\pw ]cm-Pn-X\pw A\y¿°-[o-\\pw Bbn-cn-°pIHcn-°epw km[y-a-s√∂v hy‡-amIpw. Abm-sf-t∏mgpw tPXmhpw A[n-Im-cnbpw D∂-X\pw Xs∂ Bbn-cn°pw. ImcWw, Ah-\n-ep-f-hm-°p∂ tijvT-Kp-W-ßsf AXn-P-bn-°p-hm≥ Hcp i‡n°pw km[y-am-hn√.

Cßs\, Cu temIØv am\y-X-tbmSpw tijvT-Kp-W-ß-tfmSpw IqSnPohnXw \bn-®-tijw Ah≥ kz\m-Y-\mb ]]© kjvSm-hns‚ Xncp-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cm-hp∂p. At∏mƒ ssZhw Xs‚ kvt\lm-\p-K-l-ßfpwIcp-Wm-I-Sm-£-ßfpw Ahs‚ ta¬ h¿jn--°p∂p. ImcWw, ssZhw Ah-s\-tbev]n® A\m-aØv hcp-Øn-sh® DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ßƒ Abmƒ IrXy-ambn \nd-th-‰n-bn-cn-°p∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ kIe ]co-£-Ifpw \qdp-i-X-am\wam¿t°msS Abmƒ hnP-bn-®n-cn-°p∂p. CXtX, imiz-X -hn-Pbw. Cl-temIw sXm´v ]c-temIw hsc XpS¿∂p-t]m-Ip∂, A\-¥-amb, al-Ø-c-amb hnPbw.

CXm-Wnkvemw ˛ ]IrXn aXw. Cu aXw Hcp ]tXyI kap-Zm-b-tØmtSm cmPy-tØmtSm amX-ambn _‘-s∏- -X√. F√m ImeØpw, F√mcmPyØpw F√m kap-Zm-b-ß-fnepw Ign-™p-t]mb ssZh- -‡cpw kXy-k-‘-cp-amb F√m k÷-\-ß-fp-sSbpw aX-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. NnecpsS `mj-bn¬ AXns‚ t]¿ "Ckvemw' F∂m-bn-cp∂ncn°mw. a‰p t]cp-I-fnepw AX-dn-b-s∏- n-cn°mw. GXm-bmepw Ah-sc√mw "apkvenw-'Iƒ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p.

hnizm-khpwA\p-k-c-Whpw

"Ckvemw' F∂Xv temI-\m-Y-\mb ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ t]cm-sW∂v Ign™ A[ym-b-Øn¬\n∂v Kln-®p-ht√m. C\n ]d-bp-∂Xv, A\p-k-c-W-Øn\v Adn-hn-s‚bpw ZrVhn-izm-k-Øn-s‚bpw Bh-iy-I-X-sb-°p-dn-®mWv. a\p-jy≥ Nne kwK-Xn-Iƒ Adn-bp-Ibpw B Adnhv ZrV-hn-izm-k-ambn amdp-Ibpw sNømØ Ime-tØmfw Ah∂v ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°pIkm[y-a√. H∂m-a-Xmbn, ssZh-Øns‚ BkvXn-Iy-sØ-°p-dn®v a\p-jy∂v]q¿W-amb Dd-∏p-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww. ssZhw Ds≠-∂p≈ hnizmkw Xs∂ C√m-Ø-h∂v ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°m-\m-hn-√t√m. AtXm-sSm∏w ssZhnI kØ-bpsS KpW-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ Adnhpw thWw. ssZhw GI-\m-sW∂pwAh∂v Xpey-ambn H∂p-an-s√∂pw Ad-nbmØ Hcmƒ A\y-cpsS apºn¬Xe-Ip-\n-°p-Ibpw ssI\o- p-Ibpw sNøpI kzm`m-hnIw. AXp-t]mseØs∂ssZhw F√mw tIƒ°p-∂-h\pw Adn-bp-∂-h-\p-am-sW∂v Hcmƒ°-dn-bn-s√-¶n¬ ssZhnI \nb-a-ßƒ ewLn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v kzbw XS-bm≥Abmƒs°-ßs\ Ignbpw? ssZhn-I-Kp-W-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ icn-bmb Adn-hns‚ A`m-h-Øn¬ Ckvemw \njvI¿jn-°p∂ BZ¿i-]-chpw I¿a-]-c-hp-amb kZv]-Ÿm-hn¬ Ncn-°p-hm≥ a\p-jy∂v km[y-am-hn√. Ckvemw hn`m-h\ sNøp∂ hnin-jvS-Kp-W-ßƒ Abm-fn¬ Df-hm-Ip-I-bp-an√. F∂m¬,]kvXpX Adnhv tIh-e-amb Adnhv amX-am-bm¬ t]mcm. adn®v, AXn-s∂-Xn-cmb Nn¥-I-fn¬\n∂v a\ pw AXn∂v hncp-≤-amb I¿a-ß-fn¬\n∂vPohn-Xhpw ap‡-am-I-Ø-°-hÆw AXv Dd-®-hn-izm-k-ambn amdWw.

]n∂oSv, ssZhm- o-jvS-a-\p-k-cn®v PohnXw \bn-°p-hm-\p≈ am¿K-ta-sX-∂-dn-bWw. ssZh-Øns‚ lnXm-ln-X-ß-f-dn-bWw. ssZhw CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂Xpwshdp-°p-∂-Xp-sa-s¥m-s°-sb∂v a\- n-em-°Ww. Cu Adnhv, ssZhnI\nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ ]q¿W-⁄m-\-Øn¬\nt∂ e`n°q. B hyh-ÿ-Iƒ ssZh-Øn-t‚Xv Xs∂-bm-sW∂pw Ah ]n¥p-S-cp-∂-Xn-eqsS amXtassZh-]oXn e`n°q F∂pap≈ ZrV-hn-izm-khpw thWw. ImcWw, ssZhn-I-\n-b-a-ß-sf-°p-dn®v A⁄-\mb Hcmƒ GXv \nb-a-ß-fmW-\p-k-cn-°pI?C\n, Adn-hp-s≠-¶n¬Øs∂ ZrV-hn-izm-k-an-s√-¶ntem? As√-¶n¬,

2

39hnizm-khpw A\p-k-c-Whpw

ssZhnI \nb-a-hy-h-k-vY-I-sf-t∏mse a‰p -\n-b-a-hy-h-ÿ-Ifpw icn-bm-bn-cn-°m-sa-∂-h≥ hnNm-cn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶ntem? Hcn-°-ep-a-h∂v ssZhnI \nb-a-hy-h-ÿsb IrXy-amtbm ]q¿W-amtbm A\p-k-cn-°m-\m-hn√.

Cu Adn-hn\pw ZrV-hn-izm-k-Øn\pw tijw th≠Xv ssZh-[n-°m-c-Øns‚ `hn-jy-Øn-s\-°p-dn®pw ssZhm-\p-k-c-W-Øns‚ kZv -e-sØ-°p-dn®pap≈ Adn-hmWv. ]c-tem-I-Po-hn-X-sØ-bpw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cm-Ip-∂-Xn-s\bpw Ipdn®pw Ahn-SsØ c£m in£-Isf∏‰nbpw ]q¿W-ambAdnhpw AXn-¬ Dd® hnizm-khpw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. ]c-temI Pohn-XsØ°p-dn®v A⁄-\mb Hcmƒ A\p-k-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw [n°m-c-Øn-s‚bpwê-Øn¬ F¥v hyXym-k-amWv ImWpI? A\p-k-cn-®-h\pw [n°-cn-®-h\pwAhs‚ IÆn¬ kaw. Ccp-hcpw \in®v aÆm-bn-t∏m-hp-I-bmWv. F∂n-cns°,ssZhm-\p-k-c-W-Øns‚ \n_-‘-\-Ifpw AXp hcp-Øn-sh-°p∂ ]bm-k-ßfpw kln-°m≥ Abmƒ Xøm-dm-Iptam? Cl-tem-IØv IjvS-\-jvS-ßƒG‰p-hm-ßn-s°m≠v Abmƒ ]m]-ßfpw Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßfpw shSn-bp-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-°mtam? Cu Ah-ÿ-bn¬ a\p-jy≥ ssZhnI \nb-a-ß-tfmSv Iqdp-≈-h-\m-hp-I-bn√. C\n-sbm-cmƒ°v ]c-tem-I-sØ-°p-dn®pw ssZh-Øns‚ tImS-Xn-sb-°p-dn®pw Adn-hp≠v. ]t£, Ah-bn¬ ZrV-hn-izm-k-an-s√-¶ntem?ssZhm-\p-k-c-W-Øn¬ ASn-bp-d-®p-\n-ev°m-\m-hn√. kwi-bhpw ktµlhpwa\p-jys\ H∂nepw Dd-∏n-®p-\n¿Øp-I-bn√. Hcp ]hrØn ê-]-Z-sa-∂p-d-∏p-s≠-¶nte \nß-fXv a\- n-cpØn sNøp-I-bp-ffq. AXp-t]mse tZmj-I-c-am-sW∂ ZrV-hn-izm-k-ap-s≠-¶nte \nßƒ°Xv kzta-[bm h¿Pn-°m-\mhq. AXn-\m¬, Hcp am¿Kw Ah-ew-_n-°p-hm≥ AX-h-ew-_n-®m-ep-≠m-Ip∂ ]cn-Wm-a-sØbpw A¥y- -e-sØbpw Ipdn-®p≈ Adnhv Hgn-®p-IqSm-Ø-XmWv. B Adnhv ZrV-hn-izm-k-ambn cq]m-¥cw ]m]n-°p-Ibpw thWw.

"hnizmk'Øns‚ A¿Yw

"Adnhv', "ZrV-hn-izmkw' F∂o ]Z-ß-fpsS Ad_n i_vZ-asX"Cuam≥' (hnizmkw). icn-bmbn Adn-bp-Ibpw t_m[-]q¿hw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂mWv "Cuam≥' F∂ ]Z-Øns‚ ]q¿W-amb A¿Yw.Aßs\ sNøp-∂-hs\ "apA-van≥' F∂pw ]d-bp∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ GI-Xbpw Ahs‚ kØm-Kp-W-ßfpw \nb-a-hy-h-ÿbpw c£m-in-£-IfpwAdn™v Ah-bn¬ ZrV-ambn hnizkn-°p-∂-h\mWv apA-van≥ (hnizmkn).a\p-jy≥ "apkvenw'* Bbn-Øo-cpI F∂-XmWv "Cuams‚' êw.

"Cuam≥' C√msX B¿°pw apkven-am-hpI km[y-as√∂v Cu hni-Zo-I-cWw hy‡-am-°p∂p. kky-ßƒ°v Ah-bpsS hnØp-am-bp≈ _‘-amWvCuam∂v Ckvem-ap-am-bp-≈Xv. hnØn-√msX kky-ap-≠m-Im-Ø-Xp-t]mseCuam-\n-√msX Ckvem-ap-an√. ]mInb hnØv, aÆns‚ ]pjvSn-°p-dthm Imem-h-ÿ-bpsS ]mXn-Iq-eytam aqew, \∂mbn hf¿∂n-s√∂p hcmw. AXp-t]mse Cuams‚ _e-lo-\-Xtbm in£W˛]cn-io-e-\-ß-fpsS t]mcm-bvatbm Iq´p-sI- p-I-fpsS Zpxkzm-[o-\tam aqew Hcmƒ ]q¿W\pw ]Iz-\p-amb apkvenw BIm-sX-bp-an-cn°mw.

* ssZhsØ amXw A\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-∂-h≥.

40 CkvemwaXw

Cuam-s‚bpw Ckvem-an-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ a\p-jysc \membnXcw Xncn°mw:

1. ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw B hnizm-k-Øm¬ ]tNm-Zn-X-cmbn ssZh-I-ev]-\-Iƒ ]q¿W-ambn inc-km-h-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h¿. ssZhw shdp-°p-∂- Im-cy-ß-fn¬\n∂v Ah¿ A·n-bn¬ \ns∂-∂-t]mse hn´p-\nev°pw.ssZh-an-jvS-s∏-Sp∂ Imcy-ßƒ°mbn, [\-k-ºm-Z-\m¿Yw kmthiw]h¿Øn-°p-∂-t]mse A[zm-\n°pw. Ch-ctX km£m¬ apkvenw-Iƒ.

2. hnizm-kn-I-sf-¶nepw, ssZh-Øn\v kºq¿W-ambn ka¿∏n-°m≥ kzbwt]cn-∏n-°m≥ amXw hnizm-k-Øn\v i‡n-bn-√m-Ø-h¿. Ch-cpsS ]ZhnAev]w Xmsg-bm-sW-¶nepw apkvenw-IƒXs∂. Ch¿ \nb-a-ew-L-Icpw AXn-∂p≈ in£°v A¿l-cp-amWv. ]t£, Ah-cpsS ÿnXn cmPy-tZm-ln-I-fp-tStXm [n°m-cn-I-fp-tStXm A√; shdpw Ip‰-hm-fn-I-fp-tSXv amX-amWv.ImcWw, Ah¿ cmPm-hns\ kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw cmP-\n-b-a-ßsf \nb-a-ambnAwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p≠v.

3. hnizmkw Xosc-bn-s√-¶nepw ]pdta, ssZhn-I-\n-b-a-ßƒ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-h¿. Ch¿ kXy-Øn¬, cmPy-tZm-ln-I-fmWv. Ch-cpsS ]pdw-]q®vbYm¿Y-Øn¬ ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ A\p-k-c-W-a√. AXn-\m¬Øs∂, ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-a√. cmPm-hns\ cmPm-hmbpw cmP-Io-b -\n-b-a-ßsfbYm¿Y- \n-b-a-ß-fmbpw AwKo-I-cn-°m-Ø-h-sc-t∏m-se-bm-Wn-h¿. ]pdta,cmP-\n-b-a-ß-f-\p-k-cn-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepw Ah¿ cmPm-hn\v Iogvs∏- -hcpw cmP-Iob \nb-a-ß-tfmSv Iqdp-≈-hcpw BsW∂v ]d-bpI hø. GXp-\n-e°pwcmPy-tZm-ln-I-fpsS Iq -Øn-em-W-h-cpsS ÿm\w.

4. hnizmkw H´p-an-√m-Ø-tXm-sSm∏w Zp¿am¿Kn-Ifpw Zpcm-Nm-cn-I-fp-am-b-h¿. G‰hpw XmW-]-Sn-bn-em-Wn-h¿. ImcWw, Ch¿ [n°m-cn-I-fpw cmPy-tZm-ln-I-fp-am-b-tXm-sSm∏w Zp¿hr-Øcpw \mi-Im-cn-I-fpw-Iq-Sn-bmWv.

Cu hn -P-\-Øn¬\n∂v Hcp Imcyw hy‡-am-Ip∂p ˛ a\p-jys‚ hnP-b-ku- m-Ky-ßƒ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv Cuams\ Bi-bn-®mWv; Ckvemw˛ AXv]q¿Wtam A]q¿Wtam BIs´˛ Cuam-\m-Ip∂ hnØn¬\nt∂ apf-®p-hcq. Cuam≥ C√m-Øn-SØv Ckvemapw D≠m-In√ ˛ ]Icw "Ip^v¿' BWp-≠m-hpI. AXns‚ as‰mcp t]cmWv "_Km-hØv'. cmPy-tZmlw, [n°mcw,\nb-a-ew-L\w Fs∂m-s°-bm-W-Xn-∂¿Yw. AXp Nne-t∏mƒ Kpcp-X-c-amIpw˛ a‰p Nne-t∏mƒ \n m-chpw. AXv amX-amWv hyXymkw.

⁄m\-e-_v[n-bpsS am¿K-ßƒ

A\p-k-c-W-Øn\v hnizmkw AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-amWv. hnizm-k-Øn\v⁄m\hpw ˛ ssZhn-I-Kp-W-ß-sfbpw ssZhnI hyh-ÿ-sbbpw ]c-temIPohn-X-sØbpw Ipdn-®p≈ ⁄m\w; ZrV-hn-izm-k-Øn-te°v \bn-°p∂bYm¿Y ⁄m\w. Cu ⁄m\w Fhn-sS-\n∂v, Fßs\ e`n°pw? CXmWvASpØ N¿®m-hn-jbw.

AXn-a-l-Ømb Cu ]]©w Hcp kjvSm-hns‚ krjvSn-bmWv; Ah≥Xs∂-bmWv AXv \nb-¥n®v \S-Øp-∂Xv. Cu kXy-Øn\v km£n\nev°p∂ ssZhnI ZrjvSm-¥-ßƒ Cu ]]-©-Øn-seßpw hym]n®p InS-

41hnizm-khpw A\p-k-c-Whpw

∏p≠v. - C°m-cy-ß-sf√mw apºv hnh-cn-®p-ht√m. ]kvXpX ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fn¬ k¿h ssZhnI KpW-ßfpw ]I-S-ambn ImWmw. bp‡n, i‡n,ss\]pWyw, ⁄m\w, ImcpWyw, kpc£, k¿hm-[n-]Xyw XpSßn F√mw.F∂m¬, CuZri Imcy-ßƒ ho£n®v Kln-°p-∂-Xn¬ a\p-jy-_p-≤n°vGsd-°psd ]nghv ]‰n-bn-cn-°p∂p. ]kvXpX ZrjvSm-¥-ß-sf√mw apºn-ep-≠m-bn´pw Nne¿ ssZhw c≠p-s≠∂pw a‰p Nne¿ aq∂p-s≠∂pw thsdNne¿ \nc-h-[n-bp-s≠∂pw hmZn®pIf™p. \mem-a-sXmcp Iq´¿ Znhy-XzsØ]e-Xmbn `mKn®p. ag-s°mcp ssZhw, Im‰n\v Hcp -ssZhw, AKv\n-s°mcpssZhw F∂n-ßs\. ]kvXpX ssZh-ßƒs°√mw t\Xm-hmbn Hcp henbssZhhpw. Cu hn[w ssZh-sØbpw Ahs‚ KpW-ß-sfbpw Kln-°p-∂-Xn¬ a\p-jy-_p-≤n°v ]nghv ]‰n-t∏m-bn- p≠v. Ah-sb√mw khn-kvXcw ]Xn-]m-Zn-°m≥ ChnsS kµ¿ -an√.

ac-Wm-\-¥-c -Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn® ImgvN-∏m-Snepw P\-ßƒ°v sX‰p-]‰n.ac-W-tØmsS a\p-jy≥ aÆm-bn-t∏m-Ip∂p; ]ns∂ as‰mcp Pohn-X-ta-bn√˛ Nne¿ hmZn®p. a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ I¿a-^-e-ßƒ A\p-`-hn-°m-\mbn]p\¿P≥a-sa-SpØv Cu temI-tØ°v Xs∂ ho≠pw ho≠pw Xncn-®p-h-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv a‰p Nne-cpsS hmZw.

ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-°m-\m-h-iy-amb \nb-a-ßƒ a\p-jy\vkz¥w bp‡n-bp-]-tbm-Kn®v \n¿an-°mtam? hfsc ZpjvI-c-amb Hcp tPmen-bm-WXv. a\pjy_p≤n Xo¿Øpw Ip‰-a-‰Xpw Ahs‚ ssh⁄m-\nI kn≤nA]m-chpw BsW∂v k¶-ev]n-°pI. AXp-]-tbm-Kn®v \nc-h[n kwh-’-c-ß-fnse ]co-£-W-\n-co-£-W-ßƒ°p tijw XZzn-j-b-Øn¬ GXm-s≠m-c- n-]mbw cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ Ah∂v Ign-t™°pw. F∂m¬, At∏mgpw Xm≥]q¿W-ambpw kXyw Is≠-Øn-°-gn-™-psh∂v Dd-∏n-°m≥ Ah-∂m-hn√.bmsXm-cp -am¿K-Z¿i-\hpw \evImsX a\p-jys\ kzX-¥-\mbn hn -tijwAh-t\mSv kz¥w _p≤nbpw Ign-hp-ap-]-tbm-Kn®v kXyw I≠p-]n-Sn-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏-SpI, I≠p ]nSn-®-hsc tPXm-°-fmbpw A√m-Ø-hsc tXm‰-h-cmbpwKWn-°pI ˛ CXmWv a\p-jy-_p-≤-n-bpsS ta¬ \S-Ømhp∂ kºq¿W]co£. F∂m¬, Icp-Wm-a-b-\m-b -ssZhw kzZm-k≥amsc AØcw AXn-I-Tn-\-amb Hcp ]co-£°v hnt[-b-\m-°p-∂n√. adn®v, Xs‚ Imcp-Wym-Xn-tc-I-Øm¬, Ah≥, a\p-jy-cn¬\n-s∂mcp hn`m-KsØ ]tXyIw sXc-s™-SpØv Xs‚ KpW-ßsf kw_-‘n® icn-bmb ⁄m\w Ah¿°v \evIn.Xs‚ lnX-Øn-s\mØv PohnXw \bn-°p-hm-\p≈ am¿K-ta-sX∂v AhscAdn-bn®p. ]c-temI Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ bYm¿Y hnh-c-ßƒ Ah¿°p\evIn. F∂n´v Ah-tcmSv a‰p P\-ßƒ°v Ah FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°-W-sa∂v\n¿tZ-in®p. Ah-cmWv ssZh-Øns‚ ]hm-N-I≥am¿. Ah¿°v B ⁄m\w\evInb coXnsb Znhy-t_m-[\w1 F∂v ]d-bp∂p. Ah¿°v \evInbKŸsØ ssZh-KŸw2 Ft∂m ssZh-hmIyw3 Ft∂m hnfn-°p∂p.CtXmsS, a\p-jy-_p-≤nbpw hnth-Ihpw as‰mcp hn[-Øn-ep≈ ]co-£°vhnt[-b-am-°-s∏-Sp-I-bmbn. ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS D¬IrjvS PohnXw I≠pw,Ah-cpsS DZm-Ø-am-XrI ]Tn®pw a\p-jy¿ At±-lsØ ]hm-N-I-\mbn hniz-

1. hlvbv 2. InXm-_p-√mln 3. Iem-ap-√mln

42 CkvemwaXw

kn-°p-∂pt≠m Ct√ F∂-XmWm ]co£. Ah≥ kXy-k-‘\pw kXy-tk-h-I-\p-am-sW-¶n¬ kXy-sØbpw kXyw DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂-h-sc-bpwkzoI-cn®v ]co£ Pbn°pw. kzoI-cn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n-e-Xns‚ A¿Yw kz¥wKl-W-tijn Ah≥ ]mgm-°n-°-f-™p-sh∂v amXw. B \ntj[w Ahs\]co-£-bn¬ ]cm-Pn-X-\m-°p∂p. amX-a√, ssZh-sØbpw ssZhnI \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-sbbpw Ipdn-®p≈ bYm¿Y ⁄m\w Ic-K-X-am-°p-hm≥ Hcn-°epwAh∂v km[n-®n-s√∂pw hcpw.

AZriy Imcy-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw

\ap-s°mcp Imcyw Adn-bn-s√-¶n-se-¥mWv sNøpI? Adn-hp-≈-hsc kao-]n°pw; Ah-cpsS \n¿tZiw kzoI-cn°pw. tcmKw _m[n-®mtem? kzbw NnIn-’n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-Icw Hcp tUmIvSsd kao-]n°pw. tUmIvS-dpsS tbmKy-Xbpw ]i-kvXnbpw ]cn-N-bhpw aqew B tUmIvS¿°v \sΩ NnIn-’n-°m-\p≈ Ign-hp-s≠∂v \mw hniz-kn-°p∂p. B hnizm-k-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv Abmƒ Ipdn®pXcp∂ acp∂v Ign-°p-∂Xpw Dt]-£n-°m≥ ]d-™h h¿Pn-°p-∂Xpw. \nb-a-]-iv\-ß-fn¬ D]-tZiw tXSm≥ \msamcp h°o-ens\ kao-]n-°p-Ibpw Abmƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. hnZym-k-ºm-Z-\-Øn¬ Kpcp-\m-Ys\ hniz-kn-°p∂p;At±lw ]Tn-∏n-®p-X-cp-∂Xv A∏Sn AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p. bmX-bn¬ hgn-b-dn-bmsX h∂m¬, Adn-hp-≈-hsc \mw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿ ImWn®pXcp∂hgn°v bmX XpS-cp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬, euInI Imcy-ß-fn¬Adnhv t\Sp-hm≥ Adn-hp-≈-hsc hniz-kn-°p-hm\pw A\p-k-cn-°p-hm\pw\mw \n¿_-‘n-X-cmWv. CXn-∂mWv AZr-iy-Im-cy-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw F∂v]d-bp-∂Xv.

AZr-iy-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-°pI F∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw \ap-°-dn-hn-√mØImcy-ßƒ Adn-hp-≈-h-cn¬\n∂v ]Tn-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ Dd®v hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂tX. ]]-©-\m-Y-\mb ssZh-sØbpw Ahs‚ KpW-ß-sfbpw Ipdn®v \ap-°-dn-hn√; ssZh-Øns‚ ae-°p-Iƒ ssZh-\n-b-a-ßƒ°vhgn-s∏´v temI Imcy-ßƒ \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p F∂v \ap-°-dn-hn√.Ah¿ \sΩ hebw sNbvXn-cn-°-bm-sW∂pw \ap-°-dn-™p-IqSm. ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-°p-hm-\p≈ kXy-am¿K-ta-sX∂ Imcyhpw \ap-°-⁄m-X-amWv. ]c-temI Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®pw \ap°v th≠X ⁄m\-an√.AXn-\m¬, ]kvXpX kwK-Xn-Iƒ Adn-bp∂ Hcmsf I≠p]nSn-t°-≠XvBh-iy-ambn hcp∂p. Hcm-fpsS k≥am¿K-\n-jvTbpw kXy-k-‘-Xbpw ssZh--‡nbpw PohnX hnip-≤nbpw bp‡n-bp-‡-amb kwkm-chpw I≠v, Abmƒ

]-d-bp-∂Xv kXyhpw hniz-k-\o-b-hp-am-sW∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ \mwhniz-kn-°p-∂Xv AZr-iy-Im-cy-ß-fn-emWv. ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-hm\pwssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-°p-hm\pw AZr-iy-Im-cy-ß-fn-ep≈ Adnhpwhnizm-khpw Hgn-®p-Iq-Sm-Ø-XmWv. Cu Adnhv ]hm-N-I≥am-cn¬\nt∂e`n°q.

]hm-N-IXzwIgn™ A[ym-b-Øn¬ aq∂v Imcy-ß-fmWv hnh-cn-®Xv: H∂v: ssZhsØA\p-k-cn®v Pohn-°p-hm≥ ssZh-Øns‚ kØ, KpW-ßƒ, ssZhn-I-am¿Kw,]c-tem-I-Ønse c£m-in-£-Iƒ F∂nh kw_-‘n®v icn-bmb ⁄m\hpwAXn¬ hnizm-khpw D≠m-bn-cn-°Ww. c≠v: ]kvXpX ⁄m\w kz]-cn-i-a-Øm¬ kzmb-Ø-am-°pI F∂ ITn\ ]co-£-W-Øn\v ssZhw a\p-jys\hnt[-b-am-°n-bn-√. adn®v, AXv Znhy-t_m-[\w hgn Nne tijvT-hy-‡n-Iƒ°v (]hm-N-I≥am¿°v) \evIp-Ibpw a‰p-≈-h¿°Xv FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-hm≥ ]hm-N-I≥am-tcmSv B⁄m-]n-°p-I-bp-amWv sNbvXXv. aq∂v: P\-ß-fpsS Npa-Xe B ]hm-N-Is\ Xncn-®-dn-bpI F∂XmWv. IWn-i-amb ]cn-tim-[-\-Iƒ°ptijw Hcmƒ kXy-k-‘-\mb ]hm-N-I-\m-sW∂v t_m-[y-s∏- p-I-gn-™m¬ At±-l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw At±lw ssIs°m≠am¿Kw sX√pw ]ng-°msX A\p-[m-h\w sNøp-I-bp-amWv th≠Xv.

F∂m¬, ]hm-N-I≥amsc Xncn-®-dn-bp-hm-s\-¥mWv hgn?

]hm-N-I-Xz-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw

a\p-jy-∂m-h-iy-ap≈ hkvXp-°-sf√mw ssZh-an-hnsS Hcp-°n-sh-®n- p-s≠∂v ImWmw. P\n-°p∂ Hcp Ip™ns\ t\m°q: Fs¥ms° kma-Kn-I-fp-am-bmWv Ah\o temI-tØ°v hcp-∂Xv. ImWm≥ IÆv, tIƒ°m≥ImXv, izk-\-Øn\v aq°v, kv]¿i-\-i-‡n°v N¿aw, \S-°m≥ Imep-Iƒ,]Wn-sb-Sp-°m≥ ssIIƒ, Nn¥n-°m≥ akvXnjvIw Aß-s\-sb-s¥√mw!Ch-sb√mw ap≥Iqń Xs∂ Ip™ns‚ sIm®p-i-co-c-Øn¬ k÷-am-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p. Cu temIØv FØn-t®¿∂-tijw Pohn-°m≥ th≠ kma-Kn-Ifpw kpk÷w. hmbp, shfn®w, NqSv, sh≈w, `qan F∂n-h°p ]pdta,amXm-hns‚ amdn-S-Øn¬ ]m¬. amXm-]n-Xm-°-fp-sSbpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fp-sSbpw amX-a√, A\y-cp-sS-t]mepw kvt\l-hm-’-ey-ßƒ; emf-\-Iƒ.Aßs\ B Ip™v hf-cp-t¥mdpw Ahs‚ Bh-iy-ßƒ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-hm-\p≈ kIe hkvXp-°fpw ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn Ah∂v e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p˛ BImi `qan-I-fnse kIe i‡n-Ifpw Ahs\ hf¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ _≤-

3

44 CkvemwaXw

i-≤-cm-b-Xp-t]mse!

amX-a√, kI-e-hn[ Ign-hp-Ifpw a\p-jy∂v \evI-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p. Imb-_ew, _p≤n, Kl-W-i‡n, kwkmc tijn XpSßn \nc-h[n Ign-hp-Iƒ.C°m-cy-Øn¬ ssZhw hnkva-bm-h-l-amb Hcp hyhÿ D≠m-°n-bXmbnImWmw. Ign-hp-Iƒ F√m-h-cnepw Htc A\p-]m-X-Øn-e√! Bbn-cp-s∂-¶n¬a\p-jy¿ ]c-kv]cw Bi-bn-°p-Itbm hne-sh-°p-Itbm sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂n√.a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS s]mXp-hmb Bhiyw ap≥\n¿Øn Ign-hp-I-sf√mw a\p-jy¿°p-Xs∂ \evInb ssZhw Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw \evInb Ign-hns‚tXmXnepw A\p-]m-X-Ønepw t`Zw Iev]n®p. Nne¿°v Imb-_ew IqSp-X¬ \evIn-b-t∏mƒ a‰p Nne¿°v Iem-hm-k\bpw sXmgn¬ ss\]p-Wy-hp-amWv ]Zm\w sNbvXXv. Nne¿°v _p≤n-i‡n IqSp-X¬; a‰p Nne-cn¬t\XrXz hmk-\bpw. c-W-ti-jn-bmWv Nne-cn¬ apg-®p-\n-ev°p-∂Xv. Akm-am-\y-amb hmNm-e-X-bmWv Nne-cpsS khn-ti-j-X-sb-¶n¬ a‰p Nne¿ IrX-l-kvX-cmb Fgp-Øp-Im-cmWv. KWn-X-im-kvX-Ønse AXn-Zp-jvI-c-amb hnj-a-]-iv\-ßƒ°v ]cn-lmcw ImWp-∂-Xn¬ anSp-°-cmWv Nne¿. a‰p Nne¿imkvXob I≠p-]n-Sn-Ø-ßƒsIm≠v temIsØ hnkva-bn-∏n-°p∂p. ]Ir-Xym-Xs∂ \nb-a-Øn¬ X¬]-c-cmWv Hcp Iq´¿. a‰p-≈-h¿ h¿j-ß-tfmfwNn¥n-®n´pw ]nSn-In- mØ t]mbn‚p-I-fn¬ Ah-cpsS Nn¥ \njv]-bmkwsNs∂-Øp∂p. CsX√mw ssZh-Øns‚ al-Ømb bp‡n-bpsS ê-atX.Cu Ign-hp-I-sfm∂pw hy‡n-Iƒ kzbw krjvSn-°p-∂-h-b√. ]cn-io-e-\w-sIm≠v kzmb-Ø-am-hp-∂-Xp-a√. P≥a-kn-≤am-Wh. ssZhw kz¥w bp-‡n°pw Dt±-iy-Øn-\p-samØv Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw \evIn-bn- p-≈h.

ssZhw Ign-hp-Iƒ Zm\w sNbvX coXn ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Hcp Imcyw -hy‡-amIpw. kmaqly Pohn-X-Øn¬ IqSp-Xemh-iy-amb Ign-hp-Iƒ IqSp-X-em-fp-Iƒ°pw Bhiyw Ipd-hp-≈h Ipd™ Bfp-Iƒ°v amX-ambpw\evIp-I-bmWv sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂Xv. tbm≤m-°ƒ, I¿j-I¿, Bim-cn-am¿ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ [mcmfw P\n-°p∂p. sshPvRm-\nI kn≤n, cmPy-X-¥-⁄X,tk\m-\m-b-IXzw XpS-ßn-bhsIm≠-\p-Kr-lo-X-cm-b-h¿ Ipd-hmtb ImWq.Hcp ]tXyI Ie-bn¬ Akm-[m-cW ss\]p-Wy-ap-≈-h¿ AXnepw Ipd-hm-bn-cn°pw. ImcWw, AØcw Hcp hy‡n-bpsS kw`m-h-\-Iƒ \q‰m-≠p-I-tfmfw AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ as‰mcp hnZ-Kv[s‚ Bh-iy-an-√m-Xm-°p∂p.

ChnsS Hcp tNmZy-ap-b-cp∂p. Pohn-X-hn-P-b-Øn\v, Iptd F©n-\o-b¿amcpw imkvX-⁄≥amcpw XØz-⁄m-\n-Ifpw \nb-a-]-Sp-°fpw cmjvS-ao-amw-k-Icpw sXmgn¬hn-Z-Kv[cpw amXw aXntbm? a‰m-h-iy-ß-sfm-∂p-ant√a\p-jy\v? a\p-jy∂v ssZh-am¿Kw ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ Nnecpwth≠-Xnt√? Cu temIØv Fs¥ms°bps≠∂pw Ah Fßs\ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂pw ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-\m-fp≠v. F∂m¬, Xm≥ B¿°p-th-≠n-bmWv? ]m]-©nI hkvXp-°-sf√mw X\n°v \evIn-b-Xm-cmWv? AXv\evIn-b-hs‚ lnX-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-t°-≠-sX-ßs\? Pohn-X-hn-Pbw Ic-K-X-am-°m-\p≈ am¿K-taXv? CXymZn Imcy-ßƒ a\p-jys\ ]Tn-∏n-°m\pwtht≠ Bsc-¶nepw? thW-sa-∂-Xn¬ H´pw kwi-b-an√. kXy-Øn¬ Ah-bmWv F√m-‰nepw ][m\w. \ΩpsS AXn-\n- m-c-amb Bh-iy-ßƒt]mepw]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ th≠p∂ kIe G¿∏m-Sp-Ifpw sNbvX ssZhw, kp]-

45]hm-N-IXzw

[m-\-amb Cu Bh-iy-Øn¬ Ai≤ ImWn®p F∂v ]d-™m¬ \ΩpsS_p≤n AwKo-I-cn-°ptam? C√; ssZhw AXn¬ Ai≤ ImWn-®n-t -bn√.sXmgn-ep-I-fnepw Iem-im-kvX-ß-fnepw hnZ-Kv[sc krjvSn-®-Xp-t]mse,Xs∂bpw Xs‚ KpW-ß-sfbpw Adn-bp∂ \n]p-W≥amscbpw ssZhwkrjvSn-®n- p≠v. Ah¿°v ssZhw t\cn´v ⁄m\w ]I¿∂p-sIm-SpØp˛ aX-]-chpw [m¿an-Ihpw kZm-Nm-c-]-c-hp-amb ⁄m\w. AXv a‰p P\-ßƒ°v]I¿∂p-sIm-Sp-°pI F∂ alm-tk-h-\-Øn-\mbn Ahsc Npa-X-e-s∏-SpØn\nb-an®p. Cu alm-flm-°ƒ°mWv ]hm-N-I≥1, ssZh-Zq-X≥2 Fs∂ms°]d-bp-∂Xv.

]hm-N-Is\ Fßs\ Xncn-®-dnbmw?

Imhy-]-Xn- -bp≈ Hcm-fpsS kwkmcw tI´m¬ AX-bm-fpsS P≥a-kn-≤-amb Ign-hm-sW∂v a\- n-emIpw. FX Xs∂ ian-®mepw Abm-fp-tSXvt]mep≈ IhnX cNn-°p-hm≥ a‰p-≈-h¿°m-hn√. AXp-t]mse ]kwKw,FgpØv, imkvXob Kth-jWw XpS-ßnb Imcy-ß-fn¬ P≥a-hm-k-\-bp-≈-h-scbpw Ah-cpsS ]hr-Øn-I-fpsS khn-ti-j-X-I-fn¬\n∂v Xncn-®-dnbmw.ImcWw, Ah¿ kz¥w tPmen-I-fn¬ A\-\y-km-[m-c-Wamb tbmKyX sXfn-bn-®n-cn°pw. CXp-t]m-se-bmWv ]hm-N-I\pw. A\y¿°v Duln-°m≥t]mepwIgn-bmØ Imcy-ßƒ At±-l-Øns‚ a\- n¬ \njv]-bmkw sXfnbpw.A\y-cpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬s]SmØ kq£va-amb kwK-Xn-I-fn¬ ZrjvSn-Iƒ]Xnbpw. At±lw ]d-bp∂ Imcy-ßƒ \ΩpsS _p≤n AwKo-I-cn°pw.F∂√, AXmWv icn-sb∂v _p≤n km£y-s∏-SpØpw. At±-l-Øns‚ Hmtcmhm°n-s‚bpw kXym-hÿ ssZ\w-Zn-\m-\p- -h-ßfpw ]m]-©nI ZrjvSm-¥-ßfpw hgn sXfn-™p-sIm-t≠-bn-cn°pw. F∂m¬, FX ian-®mepw AØcwHcp hm°p-t]mepw \ap°v ]d-bm-\m-hn√. At±-l-Øns‚ ]IrXn ]cn-ip-≤-am-bn-cn°pw. X≥aqew kIe G¿∏m-Sp-I-fnepw EPphpw tijvThpw kwi-b-c-ln-X-hp-amb am¿K-ßtf ssIs°m≈q. NoØ hmt°m Zpjv]-hr-ØntbmAt±-l-Øn¬\ns∂m-cn-°epw ]pd-Øp-h-cn√. kXyhpw k¬°¿a-ßfpw a‰p-≈-h-tcm-Sp-]-tZ-in-°p-∂-tXm-sSm∏w kzbw ]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.hm°n-s\-Xn-cmbn ]h¿Øn-®-Xn\v DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ ImWn√, At±-l-Øns‚Pohn-X-Øn¬; hm°ntem ]hr-Øn-bntem kzm¿Y-X-bpsS \ng-em- w-t]mepwZriy-am-hn√. A\y-Po-h-∂p-X-Ip-hm≥ kzPo-hn-X-Øn-e-t±lw IjvS-\-jvS-ßƒkln°pw. amX-a√, kz¥w KpW-Øn-\mbn A\y¿°v lm\n-h-cp-Øp-I-bp-an√. kXy-k-‘X, tijvT-Nn¥, k≥am¿K-\njvT, ]cn-ip≤n XpS-ßnbD¬Ir-jvS-Kp-W-ßƒ°v amXr-I-bm-bn-cn-°p-a-t±lw. FX Xs∂ ]cn-tim-[n-®mepw At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-X-Øn-semcp \yq\X I≠p-]n-Sn-°pI Akm-[y-am-bn-cn°pw. ]hm-N-Is\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-hm≥ klm-bn-°p∂ kwK-Xn-I-fm-Wnh.

]hm-N-Is\ A\p-k-cn-°¬

Hcp hy‡n ]hm-N-I-\m-sW∂v t_m[y-am-bn-°-gn-™m¬ At±-l-Øns‚hm°pIƒ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw ]hr-Øn-Isf Ah-ew-_n-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-

1. ]hm-N-I≥ = \_n 2. ssZh-Zq-X≥ = dkq¬

46 CkvemwaXw

Xm-h-iy-amWv. Hcp hy‡n ssZh-Øns‚ ]hm-N-I-\m-sW∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw AtX-k-abw Abm-fpsS hm°pw ]hr-Ønbpw Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-IbpwsNøpI F∂Xv bp‡nhncp-≤-atX. ImcWw, Hcmƒ ]hm-N-I-\mWv F∂vkΩ-Xn-°p-∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw Abm-fpsS ]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂ve`n-®Xpw ]hr-Øn-Iƒ ssZhm- o-jvSa-\p-k-cn-®p-≈XpamsW∂v \mw kΩ-Xn-°p∂p F∂mWv. AXn¬]ns∂, At±-l-Øn-s∂-Xn-cn¬ \mw ]d-bp-∂Xpw]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw bYm¿Y-Øn¬ ssZh-hn-cp-≤-ambn `hn°pw. ssZh-hn-cp-≤-am-b-sXm∂pw kXy-am-bn-cn-°n√. AXn-\m¬, Hcp hy‡nsb ]hm-N-I-\mbn kΩ-Xn®p Ign-™m¬]ns∂, At±-l-Øns‚ hm°p-Iƒ A£-cw-]Xn kzoI-cn-°p-hm\pw B⁄-Iƒ inc-km-h-ln-°p-hm\pw \mw \n¿_-‘n-X-cmWv ˛ Ah-bn-e-S-ßnb XØz-ßfpw bp‡n-Ifpw ^e-ßfpw \ap°va\- n-em-bmepw Cs√-¶nepw. Hcp- Imcyw ]hm-N-I-s‚-XmWv F∂Xp Xs∂AXv kXy-am-sW-∂-Xn\v sXfn-hmWv. kIe bp‡n-Ifpw \≥a-I-fpw AXn-e-¥¿`-hn-®n-cn-°p-sa∂v Icp-Xm\pw AXp Xs∂ aXn. Hcp Imcy-Øns‚bp‡ntbm etam \ap-°-dn-bm-\m-hp-∂n√ F∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw AXv apgps°tZmj-amWv F∂√. AXv a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ \ap°v ]nghv ]‰n-bn- p≠vF∂v amX-amWv. Hcp hnj-b-Øn¬ ]q¿W-ssh-ZKv[yw C√mØ Hcmƒ°vAXnse AXn-kq-£va-amb kwK-Xn-Iƒ Kln-°m≥ Ign-™p-sIm-≈-W-sa-∂n-√t√m. F∂m¬, B hnj-b-Øn¬ ]q¿W hnZ-Kv[-\mb Hcmƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv, X\n-°-Xn-ep≈ bp‡n ]nSn-In- n-bn√ F∂ GI Imc-W-Øm¬ X≈n-°-f-bp-∂-h¿ FX henb hnUvVn-I-fmWv. temI-Ønse kIe tPmen°pwAXn¬ hnZ-Kv[-cm-b-h¿ thWw. Hcp hnZ-Kv[s\ Is≠-Øn-bm¬ ]ns∂Ah-\n¬ \mw ]q¿W-hn-izmkw A¿∏n-°p∂p. AXn¬]ns∂, a‰mcpw Ah-s‚- ]-hr-Øn-I-fn-en-S-s]-Sn√. ImcWw, F√m-hcpw F√m-‰nepw Hcp-t]msehnZ-Kv[-cm-bn-cn-°n-√t√m. AØ-c-samcp hnZ-Kv[s\ Is≠-Øm-\mWv \mwkz¥w _p≤-nbpw kma¿Yy-hp-ap-]-tbm-Kn-t°-≠Xv. Is≠-Ønb hy‡nhnZ-Kv[-\m-sW∂v t_m[yw h∂pIgn-™m¬ ]ns∂ Abm-fn¬ ]q¿W-ambnhnizm-k-a¿∏n-°Ww. AXn-∂vtijw Ahs‚ ]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ ssII-S-Øp-∂Xpw Hmtcm Imcy-Øn-s‚bpw XØzhpw bp‡nbpw ]Tn-∏n-®p-X-cm-Ø-]£wkzoI-cn-°p-I-bn-s√∂v iTn-°p-∂Xpw _p≤n-b√. Hcp h°o-en\v tIkv Gev]n-®p-sIm-SpØ tijw At±-l-tØmSv CØcw hmZ-ßƒ D∂-bn-®m¬ Abmƒ\nßsf ]nSn®v ]pd-Øm°pw. Hcp tUmIvS-tdmSv NnIn-’-bpsS bp‡nbpwsXfnhpw tNmZn-®p-Xp-S-ßn-bm¬ Abmƒ \nß-fpsS NnIn’Xs∂ths≠∂p sh°pw. ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®v bYm¿Y-⁄m\w Ic-ÿ-am-°p-I-bmWv \ΩpsS Bhiyw. ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-°m≥ ]‰nb am¿K-ta-sX∂pw Adn-bWw. CXv kzbw Adn-bm-\p-X-Ip∂ D]-I-c-W-sam∂pw\ΩpsS ]°-en√. AXn-\m¬, \mw ssZh-Øns‚ ]hm-N-Is\ Is≠-tØ-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. Cu At\z-j-W-Øn¬ \ΩpsS apgp-h≥ Ignhpw kma¿Yyhpwhn\n-tbm-Kn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. Cs√-¶n¬, h√ I]-S-s\bpw ]hm-N-I-s\∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-®p-t]mIpw. B]¬°-c-amb hgn-bn¬ sN∂p-s]-Sp-I-bmhpw AXns‚^ew. F∂m¬, ka-K-amb At\z-j-W-]-T-\-ßƒ°p-tijw Hcmƒ kXy-]-hm-N-I-\m-sW∂v t_m[y-s∏-´p-I-gn-™m¬, At±-l-Øn¬ ]q¿W-ambnhniz-kn-°p-Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ Iev]-\-Iƒ IWn-i-ambn A\p-k-cn-°p-

47]hm-N-IXzw

Ibpw sNbvtX ]‰q.

]hm-N-I-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-sX-¥n\v?

Ckvem-anI Z¿i\w ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂v ssZh-Øns‚ ]hm-N-I≥am¿aptJ\ e`n-®-XmWv. CXv Kln-®m¬ ]ns∂, ]hm-N-I-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw At±-lsØ A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw A\p-Kan-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv F√ma\p-jy-cp-sSbpw _m[y-X-bm-bn-Øo-cp∂p. ]hm-N-Is‚ am¿Kw hn´v kz_p-≤nsb Ah-ew-_-am°n a‰p h√ am¿Khpw \n¿an-°p-∂-h≥ hgn-]n-g-®-h-\m-sW∂ Imcy-Øn¬ kwi-b-ta-Xp-an√.

Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ P\-ßƒ ckm-h-l-amb ]e A_-≤-ßfpw sNøp-∂p≠v. Nne¿ ]hm-N-Is‚ kXy-k-‘X kΩ-Xn-°p∂p. ]t£, At±-lsØ hniz-kn-°p-Itbm A\p-K-an-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂n√. Ch¿ \ntj-[n-Iƒ amX-a√ hnUvVn-Iƒ IqSn-bmWv. ImcWw, kXy-hm-s\∂v kΩ-Xn-®-tijw ]hm-N-Is\ A\p-K-an-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw a\p-jy≥ a\x-]q¿hw hymPw ]n≥]-‰p-∂p-sh-∂mWv. CXn¬]cw hnUvVnØw as‰-¥p≠v?

Nne¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv, Xßƒ°v ]hm-N-Is\ A\p-k-cn-t°-≠-Xn-s√∂pwkXy-am¿Kw Xßƒ°v kzbw I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bp-sa-∂p-amWv. CuhmZhpw sX‰mWv. \nßƒ KWn-X-imkvXw ]Tn-®n-cn-°p-at√m. c≠p _nµp-°ƒ°n-S-bn¬ t\¿tcJ H∂p-am-Xta D≠mIq. a‰p- tc-J-Iƒ H∂p-In¬hf-™tXm As√-¶n¬ _nµp-°sf ]c-kv]cw _‘n-∏n-°m-ØtXm Bbn-cn°pw. kXy-am¿K-Øns‚ ÿnXnbpw CXp-Xs∂. Ckvem-ans‚ `mj-bn¬AXns\ "kzndm-Øp¬ apkvXJow' F∂p hnfn-°p∂p. AXv a\p-jy-\n¬\n∂m-cw- n®v ssZh-Øn-e-h-km-\n-°p∂p. imkvX-]-Imcw a\p-jy∂v ssZh-Øn-te-°p≈ am¿Khpw H∂p-am-Xta D≠mIq. AsXm-gn-®p-≈h hf-hp-≈tXmssZh-k-∂n-[n-hsc FØm-ØtXm Bbn-cn°pw. B t\¿am¿K-amWv ]hm-N-I≥am¿ ImWn-®p-X-∂Xv. AXn-\m¬, ]hm-N-I≥ ImWn-®p-X∂ am¿Kwhn´v a‰p am¿K-ßƒ tXSp-∂-h¿ H∂p-In¬ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-se-Øp-I-bn√,As√-¶n¬ hf™ hgnt° FØq. ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn-se-Øm-Xn-cp-∂m¬Ah≥ \in-®-Xp-Xs∂. hf™ hgn°v hcp-∂-h-cm-Is´ X\n hnUvVn-Ifpw.hntij _p≤n-bn-√mØ arK-ßƒt]mepw Hcn-S-Øp-\n∂v as‰m-cn-S-sØ-Øm≥t\¿h-gntb sXc-s™-Sp°q. hf™ hgn-°h t]mhn√. B \ne°v ssZh-Øns‚ Hcp-Øa Zmk≥, t\¿am¿Kw ImWn®psImSp-°p-tºmƒ ""\oImWn®pXcp∂ am¿K-Øn-eqsS Rm\n√; hf™ am¿K-Øn¬Xs∂ sX≠n-Øn-cn™v Rm≥ kzbw e£y-Øn-se-Øn-s°m≈mw'' F∂p ]d-bp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Abm-sf-∏‰n \nßƒs°¥v tXm∂p∂p?

Aev]w IqSn Bg-Øn¬ Nn¥n-°p∂ ]£w, ]hm-N-I-am¿Kw \nc-kn-°p-∂-h¿°v ssZh-Øn-te-s°-Øm≥ Hcp am¿Khpw ˛ hf-™tXm t\¿°p-≈tXm ˛ e`n-°n-s√∂v t_m[y-amhpw. ImcWw, kXy-k-‘-\pw -\n-kzm¿Yn-bp-amb Hcmsf \nc-kn-°p-∂-h∂v Ft¥m Ipg-∏-ap≠v F∂m-W¿Yw. kXy-Øn\v t\sc IÆ-S-bv°m≥ t]cn-∏n-°p∂ Ft¥m H∂v. AXv Ahs‚ Nn¥m-i-‡n-bpsS A]q¿W-X-bmhmw; Al-¶m-c-amhmw; kXyhpw \≥abpw kzoI-cn-°m≥ Xøm-dn-√m-Ø-hn[w Zpjn-®p-t]mb ]Ir-X-amhmw; ]q¿hn-I-cn-ep≈A‘-amb hnizm-k-amImw; ]q¿hn-Im-Nm-c-ßƒ°v ]Icw as‰m∂pw kzoI-

48 CkvemwaXw

cn-°m≥ Xøm-dn-√m-Ø-Xmhmw. CsXm-∂p-a-s√-¶n¬ Ah≥ tZtl-O-I-fpsSASn-a-bm-b-Xp-sIm-≠mhmw. ]hm-N-Is\ AwKo-I-cn-®p-I-gn-™m¬ ]ns∂]m]-ßfpw Zp¿hr-Øn-Ifpw sNøm-\p≈ kzmX¥yw \jvS-s∏- p-t]m-I-psa∂vAh≥ b-s∏-Sp-∂p-≠m-hWw. Cu Ipg-∏-ß-fn-sem-s∂-¶n-ep-ap≈ hy‡n°vHcn-°epw ssZhnI am¿K-Z¿i\w e`n-°n√. C∏-d-™-sXm∂pw C√mØ,kXy-k-‘\pw \njv]-£\pamb Hcp kXym-t\zjn ]hm-N-Is‚ in£-W-ßƒ \nc-kn-°pI F∂Xv Xo¿Øpw Akw- -hy-atX.

]iv\-Øn\v Kuc-hm-hl-amb as‰mcp hi-ap≠v. kXy-]-h-mN-I≥ ssZh-\n-bp-‡-\mWv. ]hm-N-Is\ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw thW-sa-∂Xv ssZh-im-k-\-bmWv. At∏mƒ ]hm-N-I-\n-cm-kw -ssZh-[n-°m-c-amWv. Hcp cmPy-Ønse ]uc≥am¿ `c-W-IqSw \n›-bn-°p∂ DtZym-K-ÿs\ A\p-k-cn-°m≥ _m-[y-ÿ-cmWv. DtZym-K-ÿs\ [n°-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚A¿Yw `c-W-Iq-SsØ [n°-cn-°pI F∂mWv. `c-W-Iq-SsØ AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw AXv \nb-an-°p∂ DtZym-K-ÿs\ \ncm-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpIF∂Xv ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp-≤-amWv. AXp-t]mse ssZhw apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-cp-sSbpwcmPm-hmWv. AXn-\m¬, a\p-jy-cpsS am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øn-\mbn cmPmhv \nb-an® hy‡nsb AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw A\p-K-an-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv k¿h-a-\p-jy-cp-sSbpw _m[y-X-bmWv. ]hm-N-Is\ Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-∂-h¿ ssZh-Øn¬hniz-kn-®mepw "Im^n¿' Xs∂.

]hm-N-IXzw ˛ kw£n]vX NcnXw

]hm-N-IXz ]c-ºc Fßs\ Bcw- n®p? Ia-]-hr-≤-ambn AsX-ßs\A¥y-]-hm-N-I-\n-seØn? CXmWv C\n-bsØ N¿®.

ssZhw BZy-ambn Hcp a\p-jys\ krjvSn®p. Ah-\n¬\n-∂vXs∂Ahs‚ CW-sbbpw. Ah-cn¬\n-∂mWv a\p-jy-hwiw qap-J-ØmsI hym]n-®Xv. Cu temIØv PmX-cmb a\p-jy-sc√mw ]kvXpX Zº-Xn-am-cpsS k¥m-\-ß-fmWv.* a\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Bcw`w Hcp a\p-jy-\n¬\n∂m-sW∂vkIe kap-Zm-b-ß-fp-sSbpw aX-]-chpw Ncn-X-]-c-hp-amb CXn-lm-k-ßƒsFI-I-WvtTy\ kΩ-Xn-°p∂p. `qtKm-f-Øns‚ hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬, Htckabw, sht∆sd a\p-jy¿ D≠m-bn-Øo¿∂-Xmbn imkvX-K-th-j-W-ßfpwsXfn-bn-®n- n√. F∂√, `qan-bpsS \m\m- m-K-ß-fn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ a\p-jy-sc√mw Htc a\p-jy-\n¬\n∂v DZv -hn-®-Xm-bn-cn°mw F∂mWv imkvX-⁄-cn¬ Gdn-b-]¶pw A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.

B ]Ya a\p-jys‚ t]¿ BZw F∂m-bn-cp∂p. At±-lsØ ssZhw]Ya ]hm-N-I≥ IqSn-bmbn \n›-bn®p. Xs‚ k¥m-\-ßƒ°v Ckvemw]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-hm≥ At±-l-tØmSv B⁄m-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ""\nß-fpsS ssZhw GI-\mWv; ka-kvX-tem-I-Øn-s‚bpw ssZhw; Ahs\ amXw

* hfsc ][m-\hpw hnπ-hm-fl-I-hp-amb Hcm-i-b-am-WnXv. GI-am-\-h-Xbpw a\p-jy-k-a-Xz-hp-amWv AXns‚ bp‡n-]-c-amb t\´w. h¿W˛h¿K˛tZi˛`mjmZn `n∂-X-Isf B[m-c-am°na\p-jy¿°n-S-bn¬ hnth-N\w Iev]n-°p-∂Xv hnUvVn-Ø-amWv. tZio-b-Xzhpw k¶p-Nn-X-h¿Ko-b-Xzhpw c‡-s°m-Xn-]q≠ hntcm-[-a-t\m- m-hhpw temIsØ sh´n-ap-dn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ C°m-eØv am\p-jn-ssI-Iy-Øn-s‚-Xmb Cu kn≤m¥w `mhnsb kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw i‡-am-sbmcp Bim-In-c-W-amWv.

˛ Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

49]hm-N-IXzw

Bcm-[n-°pI; Ahs‚ amXw Zmk≥am-cm-hpI; Ah-t\mSv amXw klm-b-a¿Yn-°pI; Ahs‚ lnX-Øn-s\mØv amXw Pohn-°pI; \oXnbpw kXyhpw]men-°pI ˛ F∂m¬ \nßƒ°v al-Ømb ]Xn-êw e`n°pw. C\n,ssZh-[n-°m-cn-I-fmbn ]n¥n-cn-bp-I-bm-sW-¶ntem, Ahs‚ ITn-\-in-£°v\nßƒ ]mX-am-hp-Ibpw sNøpw''˛ - Cu ktµiw kz¥w k¥m-\-ßƒ°v\evIm-\mWv ssZhw BZ-an-t\mSv Iev]n-®Xv.

BZ-ans‚ k¥m-\-ß-fnse k÷-\-ßƒ ]nXmhv \n¿tZ-in-®p-sIm-SpØk≥am¿K-Øn-eqsS Ncn-®p-t]m∂p. ZpjvS-P-\-ßƒ AXv ssIh-n´p If™p.Ah¿ X∂n-jvS-]-Imcw Pohn®p XpSßn. Imem-¥-tcW ]e-hn-[-Øn-ep≈Zpcm-Nm-c-ßfpw Ah-cn-ep-Zv -hn®p. Nne¿ kqcy˛Nµ˛ \£-X-ß-sfbpw a‰pNne¿ ac-ßƒ, arK-ßƒ, \Zn-Iƒ F∂n-h-sbbpw ]qPn-®p-Xp-Sßn. hmbp,sh≈w, AKv\n, tcmKw, BtcmKyw XpS-ßnbhbpw Bcm-[-\m-]m-X-ß-fmbn.]Ir-Xn-bnse Hmtcm Xcw A\p-K-l-ßƒ°pw ]tXyIw ]tXyIw ssZh-ß-fmbn. kIe ssZh-ß-fp-sSbpw ]oXn kºm-Zn-°p-hm-\mbn F√m-‰n-s\bpw]qPn®p. Cßs\, _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[\1bpsSbpw _nw_m-cm-[-\-bp-sSbpw \nc-h[n cq]-ßƒ DZv -hn®p. \nc-h[n aX-ßƒ cq]w-sIm≠p F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂pêw.

BZw k¥-Xn-Iƒ qan-bpsS hnhn[ mK-ß-fn¬ hym]n-°p-Ibpw hnhn[kap-Zm-b-ßfpw cmjvS-ß-fp-ambn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX Ime-L- -am-bn-cp∂p AXv. Hmtcm kap-Zm-bhpw Hmtcm ]tXyI aXw \n¿an®p. Hmtcmkap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚bpw BNmc kº-Zm-b-ßfpw hn`n-∂-am-bn-cp∂p. GI-\mbssZhsØ Ah¿ ad∂p. H∏w BZw ]Tn-∏n® Imcy-ßfpw. PohnXw Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw CjvSm-\p-km-c-ambn. \m\m-Xcw Zp¿hr-Øn-Ifpw Zpcm-Nm-c-ßfpwAh-cn¬ hf¿∂p-h∂p. A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw Dulm-t]m-l-ßfpw AcßpXI¿Øp. \≥a˛ Xn≥a-Isf th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]nW™ A_-≤-ßƒaqew [¿aw A[¿a-ambpw adn®pw Ah¿ sX‰n-≤-cn®p.*

Cu ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-bn¬, ssZhw, Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Øn-te°pw Ckvem-anI ]t_m-[-\m¿Yw ]hm-N-I≥amsc Ab-°p-hm≥ XpSßn. Xß-fpsSkap-Zmbw hnkva-cn®pIf™ Imcy-ßƒ ]hm-N-I≥am¿ Ahsc A\p-kva-cn∏n®p. GI-ssZ-hsØ amXw Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ P\-ßsf DZvt_m-[n-∏n®p. _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øn¬\n∂pw _nw_m-cm-[-\-bn¬\n∂pw P\-ßsf ]n¥n-cn-∏n®p. aqV-amb BNmc kº-Zm-b-ßƒ°-dpXn hcpØn. ssZh-

1. in¿°v = _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izmkw.

* aX-N-cn-X-sØ-°p-dn® Cu ho£-W-KXn \ne-hn-en-cn-°p∂ "aX-]-cn-Wm-a-hmZ'Øn\v IS-I-hn-cp-≤-amWv. ]kvXpX hmZ-]-Imcw ]Ir-Xn-]q-P-bmWv aX-]-cn-Wm-a-Ønse BZy-Zi.]pcm-X-\- k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS ]Ir-Xn-]q-P-sb-°p-dn-°p∂ Ncn-X-h-kvXp-X-Iƒ Hcp \n›nX]cn-[n-hsc amXta Ah¿ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂p≈q. AXm-Is´, am‰-Øn-cp-Ø-ep-Iƒ°pw ssII-S-Ø-ep-Iƒ°pw hnt[-b-hp-amWv. AXn-]p-cm-X-\-amb cq]-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ Ah¿ Hcp-sº-Sm-dn√. GI-ssZ-h-kn-≤m¥w(XuloZv) Bbn-cp∂p AXn-]p-cm-X-\-amb Bcm-[-\m-IawF∂ hmZsØ _e-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-XmWv ]nev°me imkvX \nK-a-\-ßƒ. GI-ssZ-h-kn-≤m-¥-Øn¬\n∂v sX‰n-sØ-dn-®p-t]m-b-h-bmWv as‰√m cq]-t -Z-ßfpw. CtX ]‰n IqSp-Xedn-bm\mK-ln-°p-∂-h¿ 'The Origin and Growth of Religion' F∂ t]cn¬ F®v.sP. tdmkv(e≠≥,saØz≥) Cw•o-jn-te°v hnh¿Ø\w sNbvX Prof. W. schmidts‚ hne-s∏´ Kth-jW]_‘w t\m°pI.

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

50 CkvemwaXw

ln-X-Øn-s\mØv PohnXw \bn-°p-hm-\p≈ DØ-a-am¿Kw ImWn®psImSpØp. icn-bmb \nb-a-ßƒ \evIp-Ibpw Ah A\p-k-cn-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. C¥y, ssN\, Cdm≥, CdmJv, CuPn]vXv, B^n°,bqtdm∏v XpSßn `qtKm-f-Øns‚ \m\m-Zn-°nepw Cßs\ ]hm-N-I≥am¿\nbp-‡-cm-bn-cp∂p. Ah-cp-sS-sb√mw aXw H∂m-bn-cp∂p. \ΩpsS mj-bn¬"Ckvemw' F∂v hnfn-°p∂ AtX aXw.*

F∂m¬, ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS in£-W-co-Xn-Ifpw \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-Ifpw,XΩn¬ XΩn¬ Aev]mev]w hyXym-k-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂p. Hmtcm P\-X-bp-sSbpwkmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw \mK-cn-I-hp-amb \ne-hmcw IW-°n-se-Sp-ØmWv ]hm-N-I≥am¿ ]h¿Øn-®Xv. kmwkvIm-cnI˛ \mK-cnI˛_u≤nI cwK-ß-fn¬ a\p-jy¿ ]Ya ]Sn-bn-em-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ Ah¿°v eLp-hmb in£W˛\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ aXn-bm-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬, ]ptcm-KXn ]m]n-®p-h-cpw-tXmdpw in£-W-ßfpw BNm-c-ap-d-Ifpw hn]p-e-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp∂p. Cu hyXym-k-ßƒ]t£, _mly-X-e-Øn¬ amX-am-bn-cp∂p. BXvamhv Ft∏mgpw, F√m-bn-SØpw H∂p-Xs∂ ˛ GIssZ kn≤m¥w, kXy-k-‘X, BXvam¿YX, ]mc-Xn-I-hn-izmkw XpS-ßn-bh. Cu auenI Imcy-ßƒ F√m ]hm-N-I≥am-cp-sSbpw in£-W-ß-fpsS Poh-\m-bn-cp∂p.

]hm-N-I≥am-tcm-Sp≈ P\-ß-fpsS s]cp-am‰w AXn-hn-Nn-X-am-bn-cp∂p.P\-ß-f-hsc ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ D]-Z-hn®p. Ah-cpsS ktµiw \ntj-[n®p;Nnesc sIm∂p. Nnesc \mń¬\n-∂m-ń-tbm-Sn®p; Bbp-jv°m-e-a-Xbpw]t_m-[\w sNbvXn´pw Nne¿°v At©m ]tØm A\p-bm-bn-I-fn-tesde`n-®n√. F∂m¬, CØcw ]Xn-_-‘-ßƒ Ah¿°v hne-ßm-bn√. kz¥wtPmen Ah¿ apS-ßmsX XpS¿∂p. HSp-hn¬ Ah-cpsS ]b-Xv\-ßƒ êwI≠p XpSßn. h≥k-ap-Zm-b-ßfpw ]_e cmjvS-ßfpw Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fmbn. AXn¬ ]ns∂, ss]im-NnI i‡n-Iƒ a‰p hgn-I-f-t\z-jn®p.]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS Ime-tijw, Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-\-ßsf A\p-bm-bn-Iƒcq]-t`Zw hcpØn. ssZhn-I-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ kz¥w Bi-b-ßƒ IpØn-Øn-cpIn. Bcm-[-\°v \ho-\-cq-]-ß-fm-hn-jvI-cn®p. Nne¿ ]hm-N-I≥am-sc-Øs∂ ]qPn®p XpS-ßn. a‰p Nne¿ ]hm-N-I≥ ssZhm-h-Xm-c-am-sW∂vhmZn®p. ssZh-]p-X-\m-bn-°-cp-Xn-b-h¿ thsd. ]hm-N-I≥ ssZhm-[n-Im-c-Øn¬ ]¶p-]-‰p-∂p-sh∂v a‰p Nne¿. Npcp-°-Øn¬, Bbp-jv°m-e-a-XbpwhnK-l-]q-P-s°-Xnsc s]mcp-Xn-b-h-sc-Øs∂ P\-ßƒ hnK-l-ß-fm°n.Fs¥mcp hntcm-[m-`mkw! ]hm-N-I≥am¿ \evIn-t∏mb I¿a-]-≤-XnbpwAh¿ Zpjn-∏n®p If™p. ]e-Xcw aqVm-Nm-c-ßfpw Zp¿\-S-]-Sn-Ifpw AXn-e-h¿ IS-Øn-°qń; sI´p-I-Y-Ifpw hymtP-Xn-lm-k-ßfpw Ie¿Øn-°qń;a\p-jy-\n¿anX \nb-a-ßƒ Iqń-t®¿Øp. êtam, GXm\pw \q‰m-≠p-IƒIgn-™-t∏mƒ ]hm-N-Is‚ km£m¬ A[ym-]-\-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-

* Ckvem-ans‚ Bcw`w apl-ΩZv \_n(k) apX¬°m-sW∂v s]mXp-hn¬, hninjym ]m›m-Xy≥ Fgp-Øp-Im¿°n-S-bn¬ Hcp sX‰n-≤m-c-W-bp≠v. Xncp-ta-\nsb Ckvem-ans‚ BZy-ÿm-]-I-s\-∂p-IqSn Nne¿ hn-ti-jn-∏n-°p∂p. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ kXy-Øn\v t\sc-bp≈sIm™\w amX-am-WnXv. ssZh-Øns‚ bYm¿Y ]hm-N-I≥am-cp-sS-sb√mw aXw CkvemwBbn-cp∂p. ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n-∂p≈ ktµ-i-Øns‚ hml-I¿ amX-am-bn-cp∂ kXy-]-hm-N-I¿ aptJ\ a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\v \evI-s∏´ Znhy-sh-fn-]m-SmWv Ckvemw.

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

51]hm-N-IXzw

bm-Ø-hn[w hymP-hp-ambn Ie¿∂p-t]mbn. kXyadn-bm≥ Hcp am¿K-hp-an-√m-Xm-bn-Øo¿∂p.* kzoIm-cy-ambn H∂pw tijn-°mØ hn[w ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS Pohn-X-I-Y-Iƒt]mepw CXn-lm-k-ß-fpsS mh-\-bn-e-en-™p-tN¿∂p.F¶nepw ]hm-N-I-b-Xv\-ßƒ Xo¿Øpw \njv -e-am-bn-t∏m-bn√. ]e cq]-Øn¬ aen-\-am-bn´pw kXyw sNdnb tXmXn-se-¶nepw P\-k-aq-l-ß-fn-e-h-ti-jn®p. ssZh-sØbpw ac-Wm-\-¥-c-Po-hn-X-sØbpw Ipdn® t_m[wcq]-t -Z-ß-tfm-sS-bm-sW-¶nepw F√m kap-Zm-b-ß-fnepw \ne-\n∂p. \≥a,kXyw, kZm-Nmcw, k¬kz- mhw F∂o kZvKp-W-ßƒ temIw s]mXpthAwKo-I-cn®p. tZi˛h¿K˛`mjm-t`-Z-ßƒ°-Xo-X-ambn a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\vs]mXpth kzoIm-cy-amb Hcp aX-Øns‚ ]Nm-cWw km[y-am-I-Ø-°-hn[w]hm-N-I≥am¿ kzk-ap-Zm-bsØ ]tXyIw k÷-am°n.

Bcw-`-Øn¬ Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Ønepw ]tXyIw ]tXyIw ]hm-N-I≥am¿ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p-sh∂v apºv ]d-™p-ht√m. Ah-cn-tem-tcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw in£-W-ßƒ Ah-c-h-cpsS kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ ]cn-an-X-am-bn-cp∂p.ImcWw, A∂v kaq-l-ßƒ H‰-s∏- mWv Pohn-®n-cp-∂Xv. C∂p ImWp∂ASp-∏hpw _‘hpw A∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂n√. Hmtcm kap-Zm-bhpw kz¥w tZi-]-cn-[n-°p-≈n¬ _‘n-X-cm-bn-cp∂p. X≥aqew F√m-h¿°pw _m[-Iam-Ip∂Hcp aXw F√m kaq-l-ß-fnepw ]N-cn-∏n-°pI Ffp-∏-am-bn-cp-∂n√. IqSmsX,kap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS Ah-ÿ-Iƒ H∂n-s\m∂v hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cp∂p. P\-ß-fn¬ ]I-S-amb Zqjy-ß-fm-Is´ n∂-kz- m-h-Øn-ep-≈Xpw. A⁄-X-bm-sW-¶ntem, hym]-Ihpw. AXn-\m¬, ]hm-N-I≥am¿ Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Øn\pw]tXyIw ]tXy-I-ambn in£-W-ßƒ \evIn. ]hm-N-I≥am-cpsS tPmenZpjvI-c-am-bn-cp∂p. sX‰mb hnizm-k-ßƒ°p ]Icw ]pXn-bh ]Tn-∏n-°Ww;]mIr-X-\n-b-a-ß-fpsS ÿm\Øv D¬Ir-jvS-am-bh ÿm]n-°Ww; sIm®pIpń-I-sf-∂-t]mse P\-ßsf ]Sn-]-Sn-bmbn kwkvI-cn®p hf¿ØWw.C∆n[w P\-ßsf kwkvI-cn-°p-hm≥ FX kl-km-_vZ-ßƒ hn\n-tbm-Kn-t°≠n h∂p F∂v ssZh-Ønt\ Adnbq! F¶nepw a\p-jy-k-aqlw Ia-]-hr-≤-ambn \mK-cnI ]ptcm-KXn ssIh-cn®p. AXv ssiihw hn´v buh-\-Øn-te°v IS∂p; hyh-kmb˛ hym]mc˛ sXmgn¬ cwK-ß-fn-ep-≠mb ]ptcm-K-Xn-tbm-sSm∏w kaq-l-ßƒ XΩn¬ IqSp-X¬ ASpØv _‘-s∏´p XpSßn.IS¬ hgnbpw Ic-h-gnbpw h≥I-c-Iƒ XΩn¬ KXm-KX _‘-ßƒ ÿm]n-X -ambn. an° kaq -l-ß-fnepw ssIsbgpØv ]N-cn®p. AXvhn⁄m\˛Iem˛imkvX-ß-fpsS ]N-mc-W-Øn\v hgn-h®p. AtXmsS kaq-l-ßƒ XΩn¬ Bib hn\n-abw Bcw- n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. h≥ kmam-Py-ßƒ ÿm]n-°-s∏- -tXmsS hnhn[ ]tZ-i-ßfpw kap-Zm-b-ßfpw HtccmjvSo-b-hy-h-ÿ°v Iogn-embn. Cßs\ P\-k-aq-l-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ apºp-≠m-bn-cp∂ AIev®bpw A\y-Xzhpw Ipd™p. Aßs\ apgp-h≥ temI-Øn\p-ambn HtcI Pohn-X-hy-hÿ \evIm-\p≈ kml-Ncyw kwPm-X-am-hp-

* F√m ]hm-N-I≥am-cp-sSbpw A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ Cu coXn-bn-emWv Xß-fpsS km£m¬aXw(Ckvemw) Zpjn-∏n®v C∂v hnhn[ \ma-ß-fn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ aX-ßƒ \n¿an-®Xv.DZm-l-c-W-ambn, Cukm(A)s‚ aXw Ckvemw Bbn-cp∂p. ]t£, At±-l-Øn-\vtijwA\p-bm-bn-Iƒ At±-l-sØ-Øs∂ Bcm-[n®p. At±-l-Øns‚ in£-W-ß-fn¬ ]eXpwIqń-°-e¿Øn C∂v InkvXp-aXw F∂ t]cn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ aXw \n¿an-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

52 CkvemwaXw

I-bm-bn-cp∂p.

GI-tZiw 2500 kwh-’-c-ßƒ°v apºv Xs∂ Hcp s]mXp aXsØkzbw kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpw-hn[w a\p-jys‚ at\m-L-S\ hnImkw]m]n®p Ign-™n-cp∂p. _p≤-aXw Hcp [m¿an-I-kw-lnX amX-am-bn-cp∂p.Hc-]q¿W- aXw. F∂n- p-aXv C¥y-bpsS AXn-cp-Iƒ IS∂v Hcp hiØv P∏m-\nepw at¶m-fn-b-bnepw adp-h-iØv A vKm-\n-ÿm-\nepw _pJm-d-bnepw a‰pw]N-cn®p. AXns‚ ]Nm-c-I≥am¿ hnZq-c-tZ-i-ß-fn-se-Øn-t®¿∂p. Aev]iX-I-ßƒ°p-tijw InkvXpaXw ]nd∂p. Cuk(A) CkvemapwsIm≠mWv h∂n-cp-∂Xv. At±-l-Øn-\vtijw \n¿an-°-s∏- -XmWv InkvXp-aXw. AXpw Hc-]q¿W -a-X-amWv. B aXsØ InkvXym-\n-Iƒ temI-Øns‚]e- m-KØpw ]N-cn-∏n®p. CsX√mw sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xv a\p-jy-k-aqlw HcptemI-a-XsØ ]Xo-£n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv. kXyhpw kºq¿W-hp-amb Hcp aXw In´msX h∂-t∏mƒ Inń-b-Xns\ Ah-sc-Xn-tc‰p˛ Ah A]-Izhpw A]q¿Whpw Bbn-cp-∂n´p IqSn.

apl-Ω-Zv\-_n-bpsS ]hm-N-IXzw

Cu L´-Øn-emWv AJne temI-Øn\pw apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-k-aq-l-ßƒ°p-ambn Hcp ]hm-N-I≥ ˛ apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k) Atd-_y-bn¬ \ntbm-Kn-X-\m-bXv. kºq¿W-amb Hcnkvemw ssZhw At±-l-Øn\v \evIn. AXv temI-Øp-S-\ofw ]N-cn-∏n-°pI F∂ al-Ømb ZuXyw At±lsØ Gev]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Atd-_y-bpsS `qan-imkvXw ]Tn-®p-t\m°q. k¿h-tem-I-Øn-\p-ap≈ Hcp ZuXy-Øns‚ tIµ-am-bn-cn-°p-hm≥ AXn-s\-°mƒ A\p-tbm-Py-amb as‰mcp ]tZ-i-hp-an-s√∂v ImWmw. Cu cmPy-Øns‚ InS∏vGjy-bp-sSbpw B^n-°-bp-sSbpw a[y-Øn-emWv. bqtdm∏pw kao-]-Øp-X-s∂-bp≠v. hninjym, A°m-eØv \mK-cn-I-]p-tcm-KXn ssIh-cn® bqtdm-]y≥ kaq-l-ß-fn-e-[n-Ihpw \nh-kn-®n-cp-∂Xv bqtdm-]ns‚ sX°p- m-K-Øm-bn-cp∂p. B mKw Atd-_y-tbmSv ASp-ØmWv. C¥ybpw Atd-_ybpwXΩn-ep≈ AtX Zqc-Øn¬.

C\n, Atd-_y-bpsS NcnXw ]cn-tim-[n-®p-t\m-°pI. apl-ΩZv\_n-bpsS]hm-N-I-Xz-Øn\v Atd-_y≥P-\-X-tbmfw tbmPn® as‰mcp P\-]Zw A∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂v ImWmw. t]cp-tI´ a‰p kap-Zm-b-ß-sf√mw i‡n £bn®vPoh-—-h-ß-fmbn Xo¿∂ Imew. Ad-_n-I-fm-hs´, \h ssNX-\y-am¿Pn®Poh¬k-ap-Zm-b-am-bn-cp∂p. CX-c- kap-Zm-b-ß-fnse [m¿an-I-X-Øz-ßƒ,\mK-cn-I -]p-tcm-K-Xn-bpsS IpsØm-gp°n-sem-en-®p-t]m-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬, Ad-_n-Isf kpJ-tem-ep-]cpw Ae-kcpw lo\-cp-am-°n-Øo¿°p∂ bmsXmcp\mK-cn-I-Xbpw A∂v cq]w ]m]n-®n-cp-∂n√. \mK-cn-I- ]p-tcm-KXn ssIh-cn® kaq-l-ß-fn¬ A∂v ImW-s∏- n-cp∂ Xn≥a-I-fn¬\n∂v ap‡-cm-bn-cp∂pAh¿. am\p-jnI KpW-ß-ƒ an°Xpw Ah-cn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂p. Ah¿[oc≥amcpw \n¿ò-X-cp-am-bn-cp∂p; DZm-ccpw Icm¿ ]men-°p-∂-h-cp-am-bn-cp∂p;kzX¥ Nn¥m-K-Xn-°m-cm-bn-cp∂p; kzmX¥y t]an-I-fm-bn-cp∂p; Bcp-sSbpwASn-a-I-fm-bn-cp-∂n√. am\w Im°m≥ Poh≥t]mepw _en-b¿∏n-°p-am-bn-cp∂p;efn-X-Po-hn-X-am-W-h¿ \bn-®Xv. BUw-_cw Ah¿°n-jvS-am-bn-cp-∂n√.F∂m¬, Ah¿°v Nne Zp¿Kp-W-ßfpw D≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂-Xn¬ X¿°-

53]hm-N-IXzw

an√. F∂m-eXv Xßsf kwkvImcw ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp ]hm-N-It\m ]cn-jvI¿Ømthm 2500 h¿j-ambn DS-se-Sp-°m-Ø-Xns‚ e-am-bn-cp∂p.* \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn acp- q-an-bn¬ kzX-¥-Po-hnXw \bn-®-Xns‚ ^e-ambn A⁄Xhym]-I-am-bn-cp∂p Ah-cn¬. Hcp km[m-cW a\p-jy\v Ahsc kwkvI-cn-s®-Sp-°phm-\m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n√. F∂n-cp-∂mepw, temIØv al-Ømb Hcphnπhw krjvSn-°p-hm-\p≈ Ignhv Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cp∂p ˛ AXn\v alm-\mb Hcp a\p-jy≥ Ahsc kwkvI-cn-s®-Sp-°Ww; Abm-fpsS D∂-X-ambBi-b-ßƒ D¬Ir-jvS-amb Hcp e£y-Øn-te-°-hsc \bn-°Ww.

C\n, Ad_n`mj-bpsS Imcy-sa-Sp-°pI. G‰hpw D∂-X-amb Bi-b-ßƒ ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-hm\pw ssZhnI ⁄m\-Ønse AXn-kq-£va-amb kwK-Xn-Iƒ hnh-cn-°p-hm\pw Ad-_n-sb-°m-f-\p-tbm-Py-amb as‰mcp `mj-bn√.P\-a-\- p-Isf lTm-Zm-I¿jn-°p∂ ssien-bp-ap-≠-Xn\v. [mcmfw Bi-b-ß-fpƒs°m-≈n-°m≥ GXm\pw ]Z-ßƒ aXn. AkvXw IWs° lrZ-b-Øn-te°v Xpf-®p-I-b-dp∂ i‡n B `mj-°p≠v. ImXp-Iƒ°v CX-tbsda[pcw ]I-cp∂ `mjbpw thsd-bn√. AXns‚ cmK-Øn-ep≥a-Ø-\mbn a\p-jy≥ kzbw ad∂v BSn-Øp-Sßpw. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ t]mep≈ Hcp al¬KŸ-Øn\v CØ-c-samcp `mj Xs∂-bmWv Bh-iyw. Npcp-°-Øn¬, a\p-jy-cm-in-s°m-∂mbn Hcp ]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Kn-°m≥ Atd_y sXc-s™-SpØXv ssZh-Øns‚ al-Ømb bp‡n-bm-bn-cp∂p!

apl-ΩZv\_n-bpsS ]hm-N-IXzw ˛ sXfn-hp-Iƒ

Bbn-c-Ø-™qdv kwh-’-c-ßƒ°-∏p-d-tØ-s°m∂v Xncn-™p-t\m-°pI.A∂v temIØv sSen-Km^pw sSen-t^m-Wp-an√. Xoh-≠nbpw tamt´m¿Im-dp-an√. ] n√, ]X-ß-fn√. ]pkvX-I-ß-fpan√. C∂p≈ bmXm-ku-I-cy-ß-fn√. C°m-c-W-ß-fm¬, Atd_y CXc \mSp-I-fn¬\n∂v H‰-s∏´p InS∂Hcp cmPy-am-bn-cp∂p. Np‰p-ap≈ Cdm≥, tdmw, CuPn]vXv F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬hn⁄m\ Iem-im-kvX-ßƒ Aev]m-ev]-ambn ]N-cn-®n-cp∂p. ]t£, IsÆ-ØmØ aW¬°m-Sp-Iƒ Atd-_ysb B cm-Py-ß-fn¬\ns∂√mw th¿s∏-SpØn \n¿Øn. Atd-_y≥ hym]m-cn-Iƒ amk-ß-tfmfw acp- qan Xm≠n BcmPy-ß-fn-se-Øn-s∏- n-cp∂p. ]t£, B _‘w hym]m-c-Øn¬ amX-sam-Xpßn. Atd-_y-bn-em-Is´, \mK-cn-IX hnImkw ]m]n-®n-cp-∂n√. AhnsS]mT-im-e-Itfm KŸm-e-b-ßtfm D≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. hnZym- ymkw ]Nmcw t\Sn-bn-cp-∂n√. Fgp-Xm\pw hmbn-°m-\p-a-dn-bp-∂-h¿ hnc-en-se-Æm-hp-∂-h¿ amXw.Ah¿°m-Is´, A°m-esØ hn⁄m\ Iem-im-kvX-ß-fn¬ ]cn-Nbw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p-an√. hyh-ÿm-]nX `c-Wtam \nb-a-hy-h-ÿtbm AhnsS C√m-bn-cp∂p. Hmtcm tKmXhpw kz¥w \ne°v kzm[n-Im-cn-Iƒ. sIm≈bpwIh¿®bpw k¿hX. Ie-lhpw sImebpw k¿h-km-[m-cWw. a\p-jy-Po-h∂v hne \jvS-s∏´ Imew. i‡¿ Ai-‡sc sIm∂v sIm≈-b-Sn®p.**hy`n-Nmcw, aZy-]m\w, NqXp-Ifn F∂nh km¿h-XnIw. \·X ]c-ky-ambn]Z¿in-∏n -°p-∂-Xn¬ B¿°pw Hcp kt¶m-N-hp -ap -≠m-bn -cp -∂n√.

* C_vdm-low-\_n(A), Ckvam-Cu¬\_n(A) F∂n-h-cpsS Imew apl-ΩZv\_n(k)°v 2500h¿jw apºmWv. Cu \o≠ Ime-L- -Øn-\n-S°v Atd-_y-bn¬ Hcp ]hm-N-I≥ h∂n- n√.

54 CkvemwaXw

kvXoIƒt]mepw ]cn-ip≤ IA-v_sb \Kv\-cmbn ]Z-£nWw sNbvXn-cp∂p. \nb-a-hn-cp≤w, \nb-a-hn-t[bw F∂n-ß-s\-bp≈ hnth-N\w Ah¿°-\y-am-bn-cp∂p. Hcp \nb-¥-W-Øn\pw hnt[-b-cm-Im≥ Ah¿ Xøm-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n√. AX i‡-am-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS kzmX-¥y-t_m[w. Hcp hn[n-I¿Øm-hn-s\bpw A\p-k-cn-°p-hm≥ Ah¿ k∂-≤-cm-bn√. inem ]Xn-a-I-fm-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsS ssZh-ßƒ. hgn-bn¬ I≠ `wKnbpw an\p-k-hp-ap≈GXv inebpw Ah¿°v ssZh-am-bn-cp∂p. BcpsS apºnepw Ip\n-bmØ Binc- p-Iƒ ine-Iƒ°p apºn¬ btYjvSw Ip\n™p! B ine-Iƒ Xß-fpsS Bh-iy-ß-sf√mw \n¿h-ln-°p-sa-∂-h¿ hniz-kn®p!

CΩ- n-ep≈ Hcp kaq-l-Øn¬, CXp-t]m-ep≈ Hcp kml-N-cy-Øn¬Hcmƒ P\n-°p∂p. ssii-h-Øn¬Xs∂ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ At±-lsØ hn´p-t]mbn. Aev]w Ign™v ]nXm-a-l\pw. B ]mb-Øn¬ e`n-t°-≠p∂G‰hpw Ipd™ kwc-£Ww t]mepw \evIm-\m-fn√. hnthIw h∂ ]mb-Øn¬ Ad_n _me≥am-tcm-sSm∏w BSp tabv°m≥ t]mhp∂p. bphXzw]m]n-®-t∏mƒ hym]m-c-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp∂p. At±lw \nev°p-∂Xpw Ccn-°p-∂Xpw \S-°p-∂Xpw ta¬ hnh-cn® Xc-°m-cmb Ad-_n-I-fpsS IqsS-bmWv.hnZym- ymkw t]cn\p t]mepw At±-l-Øn\v e`n-®n- n√. Fgp-Xmt\m hmbn-°mt\m Adn-bn√. F∂m¬, At±-l-Øns‚ kz`m-hhpw at\m-K-Xnbpw a‰p-≈-h-cp-tS-Xn¬\n∂v XnI®pw `n∂-amWv. At±lw BtcmSpw If-hp-]-d-bp-∂n√; kt`y-Xc hm°p-I-fp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂n√; kwkm-c-Øn¬ ImTn-\ytam]mcp-jytam C√; a[p-chpw hn\-bm-\zn-X-hp-amb mjWw. B am[p-cy-Øm¬P\-ßƒ At±-l-Øn-em-Ir-jvS-cm-hp∂p; A\y-cp-sS-Xm-b-sXm∂pw At±lwsX‰mb hgn°v kz¥-am-°p-∂n√; hniz-kvXXbm¬, P\-ßƒ hne-s∏´hkvXp-°ƒ kq£n-°m-t\-ev]n-°p-∂Xv At±-l-sØ-bmWv. At±lw Ahkz¥w Poh-s\-sb-t∂mWw kq£n-°p∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ kXy-k-‘Xk¿hcpw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂p; Ah-c-t±-lsØ "hniz-kvX≥' (A¬-A-ao≥)F∂v hnfn-°p∂p. e÷bpw kt¶m-Nhpw At±-l-Øns‚ ]Ir-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p.t_m[wsh®-tijw \Kv\-\mbn Bcp-a-t±-lsØ I≠n- n√. At±-l-Øns‚kZm-Nm-c-\njvT IWn-i-am-bn-cp∂p. Hc-\y-kvXosb At±lw IÆp-b¿Ønt\m°n-bn- n√. ]cn-ip-≤hpw \n¿a-e-hp-amb B ]IrXn kIe hn[ A[¿a-ß-sfbpw shdpØp. aqVcpw aen-\-lr-Z-bcpw t]m°n-cn-I-fp-amb P\-ß-fp-am-bp≈ kl-hmkw B kz`m-h-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Hcn-°epw CS-bm-°n-bn√. At±-l-Øns‚ k¿h-I¿a-ß-fnepw hrØnbpw shSn∏pw sXfn-™p-\n∂p. kaqlw \S-Øp∂ sIm≈bpw sImebpw I≠v B a\ v hyY]q≠p. AXn-\m¬, Ie-l-°m¿°n-S-bn¬ k‘nbpw kulr-Z-hp-ap-≠m-°m≥At±lw ]cn-i-an-°p∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ lrZbw Atß-b‰w Aen-hp-≈-XmWv. A\y-cpsS ZpxJw At±-l-sØbpw ZpxJn-∏n-°p∂p; A\m-Y-I-sfbpwhn[-h-I-sfbpw At±lw klm-bn-°p∂p. hni-°p-∂-h¿°m-lmcw \evIp∂p;bmX-°msc klm-bn-°p∂p. At±-l-Øn¬\n∂v B¿°pw Hcp tZmlhpw

** ' The Arab Civilization' (]pdw 10) F∂ IrXn-bn¬ s]m^. tPmk v sl¬ (Joseph Hell)Fgp-Xp∂p: ""CØcw hg-°p-Iƒ tZio-b-amb sFIy-t_m[w XI¿°p-Ibpw A]-cn-lm-cy-amb kzP-\-]-£-]mXw Ah-cn¬ hf¿Øn-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xßƒ kzbw kºq¿W-cm-sW∂v Hmtcm tKmXhpw IcpXn. a‰p-≈-h¿ Xßƒ°v sIm√m\pw sIm≈-b-Sn-°m\pwIh¿® sNøm-\p-ap≈ \nb-am-\p-krX Cc-I-fm-sW∂pw.''

55]hm-N-IXzw

t\cn-Sp-∂n√. _nw_-]q-P-I-tcm-sSm∏w Ign-™n´pw _nw_-ß-sf-b-t±lw ITn-\-ambn shdp-°p∂p. Hcn-°-ep-samcp krjvSn-bpsS apºn-e-t±lw Xe Ip\n-°p-∂n√. BIm-i- q-an-I-fn-ep≈ hkvXp-°-sfm∂pw ]qP-b¿ln-°p∂n√ F∂Bibw At±-l-Øns‚ A¥-cm-f-Øn¬\n∂v kzbw ]pd-Øp-h-cp∂p. ssZhwH∂p-am-Xta D≠m-Imhq; H∂p-am-X-ta-bp≈q F∂v At±-l-Øns‚ a\ vkzbw ]d-bp∂p. Aßs\ B a\p-jy≥ aqV-cmb B P\-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬th¿Xn-cn™v ImW-s∏-Sp∂p. Nc¬°q-\-bnse cXv\w-t]mse; sImSpw-X-a- n-semcp `mkpc Zo]w t]mse!

\mev]Xp hb- m-Ip-thmfw At±lw Cu hnin-jvShpw hnip-≤-hp-ambPohnXw \bn-°p∂p. ]mh-\hpw am\yhpw DXvIr-jvS-hp-amb PohnXw. BL -Øn¬, X\n°v Np‰pw hym]n-®n-cn-°p∂ L\m-‘-Imcw At±-lsØ]cn-`m¥ NnØ-\m-°p∂p. A⁄-Xbpw A[¿ahpw Acm-P-I-Xzhpw _lp-ssZ-h-Xz-hpam-Ip∂ A‘-Im-c-ßƒ. HSp-hn-e-t±lw A‘-Im-c-ß-fpsS Cu]mcm-hm-c-Øn¬\n∂v tamN\w BK-ln-°p∂p. ImcWw, AhnsS Xs‚ ]Ir-Xn-°n-W-ßp-∂-Xmbn H∂p-an√. Aßs\, At±lw Zqsc Hcp ]¿h-X-ØnseKpl-bpsS im¥-amb GIm-¥-X-bn¬ ]e Znh-k-ßƒ Ign-®p-Iq- p∂p. hX-ip≤n hcp-Øp∂p. a\- n\pw akvXn-jvI-Øn\pw Gsd-tbsd ss\¿aeywssIh-cp-Øp∂p. Zo¿L-amb [ym\-Ønepw Nn¥-bnepw apgp-Inb Zn\-cm-X-ßƒ. Np‰pw hym]n®p InS-°p∂ A‘-Imcw \o°w sNøm-\p-X-Ip∂ HcpssIØncn A£-a-tbmsS At±lw ]c-Xp∂p. \mi-K¿Ø-Øn-em-≠p-t]mb,Zpjn® B temIsØ A∏msS ]pXp-°n-∏-Wn-bm-\p-X-Ip-∂ Hcp i‡nX\n°v ssIh-s∂-¶n-se-∂m-in-°p∂p˛ ]cn-ip-≤hpw im¥n-]q¿W-hp-ambHcp \h-temIw ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øm-\p-X-Ip∂ Hcp i‡n-hn-tijw!

s]s -∂Xm, At±-l-Øns‚ ÿnXn-bn¬ hºn® am‰w. Xm≥ tXSn-s°m-≠n-cp∂ shfn®w s]mSp-∂s\ a\- n¬ ]Xy-£-amb t]mse. apsºm-cn-°epw tXm∂mØ Hcp i‡n X∂n¬ h∂v \ndbpw t]mse. Kpl-bpsSGIm-¥X hn´v At±lw ]pdØv hcp∂p. kz¥w kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ ASp-°¬ sN∂v- C-]-Imcw DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p∂p: "\nß-fm-cm-[n-°p∂ Cu ]Xn-a-Iƒ Xo¿Øpw \njv]-tbm-P-\-amWv. kqcy -N-µ -\-£-Xm-Zn-I-fpw BIm-i- q-an-I-fnse kI-e- N-cm-N-c-ßfpw ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-Iƒ amXw. AtXssZh-amWv \nß-fp-sSbpw kjvSmhv \nßƒ°v Blmcw Xcp-∂-X-h-\mWv.\nßsf Pohn-∏n-°p-∂Xpw acn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-a-h-\mWv. AXp-sIm-≠-hs\ amXwBcm-[n-°pI. Bh-iy-ßƒ Ah∂v amXw ka¿∏n-°pI; klmbw Ah-t\mSv amXw tXSpI. \nßƒ sNbvXpIq´p∂ tamj-Whpw Ih¿®bpw aZy-]m-\hpw NqXm- hpw hy`n-Nm-c-hp-sa√mw h≥Ip-‰-ß-fmWv. ssZhw Xosc CjvS-s∏-Sm-Øh. AXp-sIm-≠-h-sb√mw XyPn-°p-ho≥. kXyw amXw ]d-bpI;\oXn ]pe¿ØpI; A\y-cpsS Poh\pw [\-hp-a-]-l-cn-°-cpXv; CS-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ kXy-k-‘X ]men-°pI; \nß-sf√mw a\p-jy-cmWv; a\p-jytcmka≥amcpw. hwiw, tKmXw, tZiw, `mj, h¿Ww, cq]w, thjw, kºØvF∂n-h-bn-sem∂pw Hcp amlm-fly-hp-an√. ssZh-`‡n, kXy-k-‘X,k¬°¿aw, hnip≤ PohnXw ˛ Ch-bmWv amlm-fly-Øns‚ am\-ZWvUw.ac-Wm-\-¥cw \nßƒs°√mw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cm-tI-≠-Xp≠v. \oXn-am-\mb ssZh-Øns‚ k∂n-[n-bn¬ ip]m¿itbm ssI°q-entbm \S-°p-I-

56 CkvemwaXw

bn√. Bcp-sSbpw tKmX-am-lmflyw KpWw sNøn√. kXy-hn-izm-khpwkXvI¿ahpw amX-am-W-hnsS ]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpI. B Aaqey kºØv ssIh-i-ap-≈-h¿ kz¿Kw ]qIpw. C√m-Ø-h¿ \c-I-Ønepw.

CXm-bn-cp∂p At±lw \evInb D]-tZ-i-Øns‚ Npcp°w. ]t£,hnUvVn-I-fmb P\-ßƒ Ah-cpsS bYm¿Y KpWImw-£n-bmb B DØ-a-]p-cp-js\ ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ tZmln-°p-I-bmWv sNbvXXv. Xß-fpsS ]q¿hn-Im-Nm-c-ßsf Bt£-]n®p, ap≥Km-an-Isf X≈n-∏-d™p XpS-ßn-b-h-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah-c-t±-l-Øn¬ I≠ Ip‰w. B Ip‰-Øns‚ t]cn¬ Ah-c-t±-lsØiIm-cn®p; Is√-dn™p; ITn-\-ambn a¿Zn®p; tZtlm-]-Z-h-taev]n®p; Ah-km\w h[n-°p-hm≥ t]mepw KqVm-tem-N\ \SØn. ]Xn-aq∂v kwh-’-c-ßƒ Ah-c-t±-lsØ \nc-¥cw Iqc-ambn BI-an®p sIm≠n-cp∂p. KXy-¥-c-an-√msX kztZiw shSn-bm≥ t]mepw At±lw \n¿_-‘n-X-\mbn. F∂n-´p-a-h¿ AS-ßn-bn-cp-∂n√. At±lw FØn-t®¿∂ ]tZ-iØpw h¿j-ß-tfmfw Ah-c-t±-lsØ ]e-hn-[-Øn¬ iey-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠n-cp∂p.

Cu IjvS-X-I-sf√mw B alm-\p- m-h≥ F¥n-\mWv kln-®Xv? temI-Øn\v kXy-Øns‚ t\¿am¿Kw ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°m-\m-K-ln-®XpsIm≠p-amXw. Cu ]pXnb Bi-b-ß-fp-t]-£n-°m≥ Xøm-dm-Ip∂ ]£w Xß-fpsS t\XrXzw Xs∂ At±-l-Øn\v \evIp-hm-\-h¿ Xøm-dm-bn-cp∂p. kº-Øns‚ Iqºmcw At±-l-Øns‚ ]mZ-ß-fn-e¿∏n-°m-\-h¿ Hcp-°-am-bn-cp∂p.*]t£, At±lw AsX√mw Xosc Ah-K-Wn®p. Xs‚ I¿Ø-hy-\n¿h-l-W-Øn¬ ]X-dmsX \ne-sIm≠p. Hcmƒ kzm¿Y-em- -ßƒ°p-th-≠n-b-√msX,A\y-cpsS \∑bpw t£ahpw amXw ap≥\n¿Øn \m\m-Xcw IjvS-∏m-Sp-Iƒ

* kXy-am¿K-Øn¬ FXn¿∏ns‚ sImSp-¶m-‰p-Iƒ Xs∂ t\cn-tS-≠n-h∂p, ]hm-N-I∂v. At±lwAsX√mw ]p©n-cn-tbmsS t\cn´p. ]oW-\-ßƒt°m ]tem-`-\-ßƒt°m hg-ßmsXAt±lw Xs‚ am¿K-Øn¬ Dd-®p-\n∂p. `oj-Wn-Iƒ \_nsb `b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ t]m∂-X√F∂p-I≠ Ad-_n-Iƒ HSp-hn¬ as‰m-c-Shv ]tbm-Kn®p. AXpw, ]t£, ]cm-P-b-Øn-emWvIem-in-®Xv.

Jpssdin ]ap-J-c-S-ßp∂ Hcp \nth-ZI kwLw \_n-bpsS ASp-Øp-h∂p. `mhn-°m≥ Ign-bp∂ F√m sFlnI ]Xm-]hpw Ah¿ \_n°v sh®p-\o´n, At±-lsØ hi-Øm-°m≥th≠n. Ah¿ ]d™p: ""[\-amWv \n\°m-h-iy-sa-¶n¬ \n\-°n-jvS-ap-≈X [\w RßƒXcmw. ÿm\-am-\-amWv tamln-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ Rßƒ \ns∂ cmPm-hmbn hmgn°mw. kuµ-cy-Øn-emWv IsÆ-¶n¬ \o sXc-s™-Sp-°p∂ kuµ-cy-[m-asØ \n\°v thfn Ign°mw.''

\_nsb h√-hn-t[-\bpw ZuXy-\n¿h-l-W-Øn¬\n∂v ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah-cpsSDt±iyw. Bscbpw Ffp-∏-Øn¬ hio-I-cn-°p-hm≥ t]m∂ ]tem- -\-ßƒ. ]t£, ]hm-N-Is‚ ZrjvSn-bn¬ Ah-sbX Xp—w! Hcp kvt^mS\w t]mse At±-l-Øns‚ adp-]Snh∂p: ""sIm≈-ap-Xtem A[n-Im-ctam F\n-°p-th≠! P\-ßƒs°mcp ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-Im-c-\m-bn- mWv ssZh-sas∂ \ntbm-Kn-®Xv. Ahs‚ ktµiw \nßƒs°-Øn-°p-I-bmWv Rm≥.AXv kzoI-cn-®m¬ \nßƒ°o temIØv kuJyhpw kam-[m-\hpw t\Smw. ]c-tem-IØvimizX kpJhpw. kzoI-cn-°mØ ]£w \ap-°n-S-bn¬ ssZhw Xs∂ Xo¿∏p Iev]n-®p-sIm≈pw.''

as‰m-cn-°¬ \m´p aq∏-∑m-cpsS \n¿_-‘-Øn\v hgßn ZuXy-ap-t]-£n-°m≥ Xt∂m-Sm-h-iy-s∏´ kz¥w ]nXr-hy-t\m-S-t±lw ]d™p: ""]nXrhym! he-Xp-ssI-bn¬ kqcy-s\bpw CSXpssIbn¬ Nµ-s\bpw Ah¿ sh®p-X-∂mepw Cu IrXy-Øn¬\n∂v Rm≥ hnc-an-°p-∂-X√. H∂p-In¬ ]kvXpX iaw k -e-ambn ssZh-]oXn t\SpI. As√-¶n¬ B am¿K-Øn-em-bn-s°m≠v \in-°pI. c≠n-sem∂v kw -hn-°p-∂-Xp-hsc Rm\nXv XpScpw.'' ]hm-N-Is‚ \nkvXp-e-amb \n›-b-Zm¿Vyhpw BZ¿i-\n-jvT-bp-amWv \man-hnsS ImWp-∂Xv.-

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

57]hm-N-IXzw

t]dpI! GsXmcp P\-Øn\v th≠n At±-l-anXv sNøp-∂pthm B P\wIs√-dn-bp-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS \∑-°p-th≠n ]m¿Yn-°pI! CXn-ep-ap¬Ir-jvShpw DZm-Ø-hp-amb Bflm¿Y-Xbpw KpW-Imw-£bpw \ap°v hn`m-h\sNøm-\m-Iptam?

C\nbpw Nn¥n®p t\m°pI! B a\p-jy≥ Kpl-bnse GIm-¥-hmkwhn´v ]pdØv hcp∂p˛ Hcp ]pXnb ktµ-i-hp-ambn. AtXmsS FX hºn®am‰-am-W-t±-l-Øn¬ kw -hn-°p-∂Xv! Ct∏m-g-t±lw Dcp-hn-Sp∂ hm°p-Iƒkmln-Xy-k-º-∂-amWv; A¿Y-Kw- o-c-amWv; CØcw hm°p-Iƒ apºmcpw ]d-™n- n√. ]n∂oSpw ]d-™n- n√. kz¥w Imhy-]-Xn- -bnepw ]kw-K-ssh- -h-Ønepw kmln-Xy-]u-Vn-bnepw A`n-am-\n-®n-cp-∂-h-cmWv Ad-_n-Iƒ.F∂m¬, Xm\p-cn-bm-Sp-∂Xp t]mep≈ Hcp hmIy-sa-¶nepw \n¿an-°m≥ B\nc-£-c≥ Ah-sc-sbm-∂-S¶w sh√p-hn-fn®p. ]t£, kz¥w ]cm-Pbw kΩ-Xn®v Ah¿ At±-l-Øns‚ apºn¬ Xe-Ip-\n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. F¥n-t\sd,At±-l-Øns‚ Xs∂ a‰p hN-\-ßfpw ]`m-j-W-ßfpw B ]tXyI hmIy-ß-fpsS Kmwò-cyhpw A¿Y-]p-jvSnbpw kuµ-cyhpw kv^pcn-∏n-°p-∂-h-bm-bn-cp∂n√. At±-l-Øns‚ kz¥w hN-\-ßsf, B ]tXy-I -h-N-\-ß-tfmSvC∂pw Xmc-X-ay-s∏-SpØn t\m°q˛ Ah XΩn¬ hy‡-amb A¥cw ImWmw.

Hcp hnZybpw A`y-kn-®n- n-√mØ, acp- q-hm-kn-bmb B a\p-jy≥ ]d-bp-hm≥ XpS-ßnb kmc-K¿`hpw A¿Y-k-ºp-jvS-hp-amb hmIy-ßƒ apºmcpw]d-™-h-b√. C∂m¿s°-¶nepw ]d-bpI km[y-hp-a√. At±lw Xs∂bpw,\mev]Xp hb- n\v apºv, AØ-c-samcp hm°pw D®-cn-®n- p-an√. Fs¥√mwhnj-b-ß-fm-W-Xn¬ ssIImcyw sNø-s∏- Xv! km∑m¿Kn-Ihpw [m¿an-IhpwkmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw kmwk¿Kn-Ihpw kmº-Øn-Ihpw cmjvSo-b-hp-amb sshhn-[y-am¿∂ hnj-b-ßƒ! F∂√, a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Ønse kIe ]iv\-ßƒkw_-‘n®pw \nkvXp-e-amb \nb-a-ßƒ \nc-£-c-\mb B a\p-jys‚\mhn¬\n∂p-Xn¿∂p hoWp. Ah-bpsS bp‡n-c-l-ky-ßƒ Npcp-f-gn-°p-hm≥alm ]fin-X-cp-sSbpw _p≤n-Po-hn-I-fp-sSbpw kwh-’-c-ßƒ \o≠ Nn¥bpwKth-j-Whpw th≠n-h∂p. temIw Kth-jW˛]T-\-ß-fn¬ ]ptcm-K-an-°p-t¥mdpw Ah-bn-e-S-ßnb bp‡nbpw XØzhpw IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X-embn shfn-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bpamWv. Bbn-c-Øn-ap-∂q-dn¬]cw* kwh-’-c-ßƒsImgn-™p-ho-sW-¶nepw At±lw sIm≠p-h∂ \nb-a-ß-fn¬ am‰-Øn-cp-Ø-ep-Iƒ°v ]gp-tXXpw ImWp-∂n√. ]e \nb-a-kw-ln-X-Ifpw Bbncw XhW\n¿an-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Xncp-Ø-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn- p≠v. ]t£, Hmtcm ]co-£-Whpw ]cm-P-b-am-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬, \ma-amX hnZym- ymkw t]mepwkn≤n-°mØ B a\p-jy≥ ]c-k-lmbw IqSmsX \S-∏m-°nb \nb-a-Øns‚Hcp hIp-∏p-t]mepw amt‰-≠-Xmbn h∂n- n√!

Ccp-]-Øn-aq∂p h¿jsØ Ime-L- -Øn¬, At±lw kz¥w kz`m-h-ta-∑-bpsS _e-Øm¬ _≤-ssh-cn-I-sf-t∏mepw Bfl anX-ß-fm°n am‰n;FXn-cm-fn-Isf A\p-Iq-en-Ifpw. FXn¿°m≥ I®-sIń cwK-Øp-h∂ h≥i-‡n-Iƒt]mepw tXm¬hn kΩ-Xn®v At±-l-Øns‚ Im¬°¬ hoWp. HSp-hn-e-t±lw hnPbw t\Sn. At∏m-gp-a-t±lw iXp-°-tfmSv ]Xn-Imcw

* 1932 -emWv auem\m auZqZn Cu KŸw cNn-®Xv.

58 CkvemwaXw

sNbvXn√. BtcmSpw AIaw ]h¿Øn-®p-an√. kz¥w ]nXr-hys\ h[n®v,Ic-sf-SpØv Nh-®p-Xp-∏n-b-h¿°v t]mepw At±lw am∏p \evIn.* Xs∂Is√-dn-bp-Ibpw _ln-jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw Bń-tbm-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h¿°pwhnP-bm-\-¥cw s]mdpØpsImSpØp. Bsc-bp-a-t±lw h©n-®n√; DS-º-Sn-I-sfm∂pw ewLn-®n√. bp≤-Øn¬ t]mepw AIaw ImWn-®n√. _≤-ssh-cn-Iƒ°p IqSn At±-l-Øn-\p-ta¬ AØ-c-sam-cm-tcm-]Ww D∂-bn-°p-hm-\m-bn√. CtX kXy-k-‘-Xbpw [¿a\n-jvTbpwsIm≠mWv apgp-h≥ Ad-_n-I-fp-sSbpw lrZ-b-sØ-b-t±lw an\p-k-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv. ]n∂oSv AtX KpW-ß-fpsS ]n≥_-e-Øm¬, k¿h-Zp¿Kp-W-ß-fp-sSbpw Ie-h-d-bm-bn-cp∂ B Ad-_n-Isf, Ah-c-I-s∏´pInS∂ A⁄-Xm-‘-Im-c-Øn¬\n-∂-t±lw tamNn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Hcp ]cn-jvIrX kaq-l-am°n Ah-sc-b-t±lw hm¿sØ-SpØp. Hcp hyh-ÿ°pw hg-ßm-Xn-cp∂ Ad-_n-Isf temI-N-cn-X-Øn-ep-Zm-l-c-W-an-√mØ \nb-a-]m-e-I-cm-°n-Øo¿Øp. Hcp `c-W-co-Xn°pw hnt[-b-am-Im≥ Xøm-dn-√m-Xn-cp∂ Ahsc ]uV-amb Hcp `c-W-Øns‚ A\p-k-c-W-ap≈ ]P-I-fm°n am‰n. [m¿anI˛kZm-Nmc KpW-ß-fpsS kv]¿i-ta-ev°mØ Ahsc AXyp¬IrjvS KpW-ß-fpsS tIZm-c-am-°n-Øo¿Øp. C∂vAh-cpsS NcnXw hmbn-°p-∂-h¿ hnkva-b-kvX-_v[cm-bn-t∏m-Ip∂p. A[x-]-X-\-Øns‚ Bg-Øn¬ InS∂ Hcp P\X Hcp a\p-jys‚ ia- -e-ambn,temI-Ønse AP-ø-i-‡n-bm-hpI˛ AtXm, shdpw Ccp-]-Øn-aq∂v kwh-’cwsIm≠v! XpS¿∂-h¿ temI-Ønse A∂sØ h≥ i‡n-I-sf-sb√mwlkz-ImewsIm≠v XI¿ØpIf™p. temI-Øn-\-h¿ [¿ahpw kZm-Nm-chpw a\p-jy-Xzhpw ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-SpØp. Ckvem-ans‚ in£-Whpw A[ym-]-\-ßfpw ssII-fn-te¥n B^n-°-bnepw bqtdm-∏n-ep-a-h¿ hnP-b-t`cnapg°n.**

CXp-hsc ]d-™Xv At±lw Ad-_n-I-fn¬ ssIh-cn® t\ -ß-sf-°p-dn-®mWv. F∂m¬, CXn-tesd hnkva-bm-h-l-amWv At±-l-Øns‚ Bi-b-ßƒ temI-amsI Df-hm-°nb ê-ßƒ. temI-Øns‚ Nn¥m-K-Xn-bnepw

* DlpZv bp≤-Øn¬, Ad_n tKmX-Ø-e-h-\mb A_q-kp- vbms‚ `mcy lnµv \_n-bpsS]nXr-hy≥ lwk(d)bpsS Icƒ ISn®v Nh®v Acniw Xo¿Ø kw`hw.

** PA-v -dp_v\p A_o-Xzm-en-_ns‚ Ncn-X-]-kn-≤-amb ]kwKw CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ ]kvXm-hy-amWv. _lp-ssZ-hm-cm-[-I-cpsS a¿Z\w kln-°-h-øm-Xm-b-t∏mƒ Ab¬cm-Py-ambA_n-ko-\n-b-bn-te°v(C∂sØ FtXym]y) IpSn-tb-dp-hm≥ A\p-N-c-∑m-cn¬ Nne-tcmSv\_n(k) Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn. Aßs\ Hcp hn`mKw A_n-ko-\n-b-bn-te°v t]mbn.\_n°pw A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°p-sa-Xn-cn¬ F¥p ISpwssIbpw sNøp-hm≥ aSn-°m-Xn-cp∂a°m ]am-Wn-am¿ shdp-sX-bn-cp-∂n√. Ah¿ A -bm¿Yn-Isf A\p-K-an®p. A_nko-\n-b≥ cmPm-hmb \÷m-in-tbmSv (t\Kkv) Ahsc _em-¬°mcw aS°n Ab-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏´p. \_n XpS-ßn-sh® al-Ømb hnπ-h-Øn-te°v shfn®whoin-s°m≠v \÷m-in-bpsS sIm´m-c-Øn¬ A -bm¿Yn-I-fn-sem-cm-fmb PA-v ¿ Hcp ]kwKw sNbvXp. AXns‚cXv\-®p-cp-°-amWv NphsS:

""A√tbm! cmPmth, Rßƒ hnK-l-]q-P-I-cmb Hcp P\-X-bm-bn-cp∂p. Rßƒ ihw Xo\n-I-fm-bn-cp∂p. lo\-am-b-sX¥pw sNøp-am-bn-cp∂p. _‘p-°-tfm-Sp≈ _m[yX Rßƒ\nd-th-‰n-bn√. Ab¬hm-kn-I-tfmSv \nµy-ambn h¿Øn®p. Zp¿_-es‚ sNe-hn¬ i‡¿XSn-®p-sIm-gpØp. Ah-km\w Rßsf kap-≤-cn-°m≥ ssZhw Hcp ]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Kn®p. At±-l-Øns‚ kXy-k-‘X, A¥ v, B¿Phw, Zo\m-\p-Iº XpS-ßnb KpW-ßƒRßƒ°v kp]-cn-Nn-X-ß-fmWv. At±lw Rßsf ssZhm-cm-[-\-bn-te°v £Wn®p. hnK-lm-cm-[\ hne°n. kXyta ]d-bmhq F∂pw Icm¿ ]men-°-W-sa∂pw c‡-_‘w am\n-

59]hm-N-IXzw

BNm-c-ß-fnepw \nb-a-kw-ln-X-I-fnepw At±lw hºn® hnπhw krjvSn®p.At±-lsØ t\Xmhpw am¿K-Z¿in-bp-am-bw-Ko-I-cn-®-h¿ amX-a√, FXn¿Ø-hcpw, _≤-ssh-cn-Iƒt]mepw, B kzm[o-\-Øn¬\ns∂m-gn-hm-bn√ F∂-Xm-W-Zv`pXw. temIw ad-∂p-t]mb GI-ssZh hnizm-k-Øns‚ i‡-\mbh‡m-hmbn At±lw cwK-Øp-h-∂-tXmsS, _lp-ssZh hnizm-k-ØnepwhnK-l-]q-P-bn-ep-a-[n-jvTn-X-amb aX-ßƒ t]mepw AXns‚ hml-I-cm-Im≥\n¿_-‘n-X-cmbn. At±-l-Øns‚ [m¿anI kZm-Nmc kn≤m-¥-ßƒ Atß-b‰w ]mtbm-Kn-I-am-bn-cp∂p. XZv -e-ambn AXv A\y-k-Zm-Nmc kwln-X-I-fn¬ h≥ kzm[o\w sNepØn. C∂pw sNep-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p. \nbaw,cmPy-X¥w, kwkvImcw, \mK-cn-IX, imkvXo-b-Nn¥ XpS-ßnb taJ-e-I-fn-e-t±lw \n¿tZin® XØz-ßƒ XnI®pw icnbpw ]cn-]-Iz-hp-am-bn-cp∂p.X∂n-anØw FXn-cm-fn-Iƒ t]mepw Ah sas√ sas√ ]I¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-hm≥ XpSßn. C∂pw ]I¿Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p.*

A⁄-cmb Hcp kaq-l-Øn¬, A‘-Im-cm-hr-X-amb Hcp ]tZ-i-ØmWvCu a\p-jys‚ P\\w. \mev]Xp hb- p-hsc CS-b-hr-Ønbpw hym]m-c-hp-a-√m-sXm-∂p-a-t±lw sNbvXn- n√. hnZym- ym-ktam in£-Wtam e`n-®n- n√.AΩ- n-ep≈ Hcp a\p-jy∂v \mev]Xv XnI-™-t∏m-tg°pw Fhn-sS-\n-∂mWvs]mSp-∂s\ Cu Ign-hp-I-f-Xbpw kn≤n-®Xv? FhnsS\n∂m-W-t±-l-Øn\v⁄m\w e`n-®Xv? `Wm-[n-]≥, ssk\y-\m-b-I≥, ]cn-jvI¿Ømhv, cmPy-X-¥-⁄≥, \nb-a-⁄≥, XØz-⁄m\n F∂o \ne-I-fn-se√mw At±lwAZzn-Xo-b-\m-bn-cp∂p. AtX kabw Xs∂ At±lw \ni-bpsS \o≠-bm-a-ßƒ ssZhm-cm-[-\-bn¬ apgp-Ip∂p. `mcym-k-¥m-\-ß-tfm-Sp≈ ISa \n¿h-ln-°p∂p. AK-Xn-Iƒ°pw Ai-c-W¿°pw tkh\w sNøp∂p.* `c-Wm-[n-

°-W-sa∂pw Ab¬°m¿°v KpWw sNø-W-sa∂pw At±lw Rßsf D]-tZ-in®p.A«oew h¿Pn-°-W-sa∂pw c‡-s®m-cn-®n¬ \n¿Ø-W-sa∂pw At±lw Rß-tfm-Sm-⁄m-]n®p. F√m-hn[ B`m-k-ßfpw At±lw \njn-≤-am°n. If-hv]-d-b¬, A\m-Y-I-fpsS[\w A]-l-cn-°¬, ]Xn-h-X-I-fn¬ hy`n-Nm-c-°p‰w Npa-Ø¬ BZn-bm-b-h-sb√mw. BI-bm¬ Rß-f-t±-lsØ hniz-kn®p; At±-lsØ ]n¥p-S¿∂p; At±lw ]d™ ]Imcw\S-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.''-

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

* B¿X¿ se\m¿Uv ]d-bp∂p: ""kXy-Øn¬, Ckvemw al-Ømb Hcp IrXy-amWv \n¿h-ln-®Xv. a\pjy Ncn-X-Øn¬, am®p-I-f-bm-\m-hmØ Hcp ÿm\w AXv t\Sn-sb-Sp-Øn-cn-°p∂p.temIw C\nbpw hf¿∂pIgn-bp-tºmƒ amXta Ckvem-ans‚ ÿm\w ]q¿W-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp≈q.'' Hcp ap≥\nc imk-vX-⁄-\mb tPm¨ sZh≥t]m- ns‚ \nco-£WwImWpI: ""Du¿P-X¥w, tPymXn-ximkvXw, XØz-imkvXw, KWn-X-imkvXw XpSßn]Ømw-i-XIw apX¬ bqtdm-∏n¬ ]pjvSn-]m-]n-®p-h∂ hn⁄m\ imJ-I-sf-√mw-Xs∂,auen-I-ambn, Atd-_y≥ Nn¥m-[m-c-I-fn¬\n∂v Dcp-Øn-cn-™p-h-∂-h-bm-sW∂v kΩ-Xnt® ]‰q. kvs]bv\nse Ad-_n-Iƒ bqtdm-]y≥ XØz-Nn-¥-bpsS ]nXm-°-fmbn KWn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-amWv.''

Quoted by A. Karim in "ISLAM's CONTRIBUTION TO SCIENCE AND CIVILIZATION.'

hnJymX _nójv Nn¥-I-\mb _¿S‚ v d ¬ C]-Imcw FgpXn: ""Ing-°ns‚ A[o-iXzwssk\nI taJ-e-bn¬ amX-am-bn-cp-∂n√. imkvXw, XØz-Nn¥, Ihn-X, Ie-Iƒ˛F√mwapl-Ω-Zo-b-cpsS temIØv ]pjvSn]m]n®p. A∂v bqtdm∏v A⁄-X-bn-em≠p InS-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p. ]t£, bqtdm-∏p-Im¿ am∏¿ln-°mØ Hu≤-Xy-tØmsS B Ime-L- sØ"Ccp≠ bpKw' F∂p hnfn®p. F∂m¬, Ccp v bqtdm-∏n¬ amX-am-bn-cp∂p˛Xo¿®-bmbpw,InkvXy≥ bqtdm-∏n¬ amXw. ImcWw, A∂v apl-Ω-Zo-b-cpsS B[n-]-Xy-Øn-em-bn-cp∂kvs]bn-\n¬ DPz-e-amb Hcp \mK-cn-IX \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂p.'' PAKISTAN QUARTERLY-Vol. IV.No. 3.

60 CkvemwaXw

Imcw ssIbn¬ h∂n´pw shdp-samcp Zcn-Z-s\-t∏mse Pohn-°p∂p; ]\-tbm-e-sIm-≠p-≠m-°nb ]cp-]-cpØ ]mb-bn-ep-d-ßp∂p; ]cp-°≥ hkvX-ßƒ [cn-°p∂p. efn-X-amb Blmcw amXw Ign-°p∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ ]ńWnInS-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

Cu tbmKy-X-I-sf√mw AWn-\n-c-Øn-s°m≠v, Xm≥ Hc-am-\p-j-\m-sW∂vAt±lw hmZn®p F∂p sh°pI. F¶n¬ B¿°mWv AXv Jfin-°p-hm≥Ign-bpI? F∂m¬ kXy-k-‘-\mb B a\p-jy≥ F¥mWv ]d-™-sXt∂m?H∂pw Xt‚-X-s√∂v! F√mw ssZh-Øns‚-Xm-sW∂v! Rm≥ \nß-fpsSapºn¬ ka¿∏n-°p∂ Cu \nkvXpe hmIy-ßƒ˛ GsXm-∂n\v Xpey-ambnHcp -hm-Iy-sa-¶nepw cNn-°p-∂-Xn¬ temIw ]cm-P-b-s∏- pthm B hmIy-ßƒ˛ Rm≥ kzbw cNn-®-h-b√; Fs‚ ]Xn- -bpsS ê-a√; Ah ssZh-Øns‚ hmIy-ß-fmWv. Ah-bpsS t]cn-ep≈ k¿h _lp-a-Xnbpw ssZh-Øn-∂mWv; Rm≥ sNøp∂ Imcy-ß-fm-Is´, Fs‚ kz¥w bp‡n-bp-sSbpw]m]vXn-bp-sSbpw ê-a√. ssZh-\n¿tZiw A\p-k-cn-®p-≈h amX-amWv.Nn¥n®p t\m°pI: CXbpw kXy-k-‘-\mb a\p-jy≥ ]hm-N-I-\mWvF∂ Imcyw Fßs\ \ntj-[n°pw? At±-l-Øns‚ tbmKy-X-Ifpw Ign-hp-Ifpw I¿a-ßfpw ap≥\n¿Øn XØp-ey-\mb as‰mcp hy‡nsb temI Ncn-X-Øn¬ Is≠-Øm-\m-hptam?** CX-sbms° tbmKy-X-I-fp-≠m-bn´pwAXn¬ Al-¶-cn-°p-Itbm AXns‚ _lp-aXn kzbw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-ItbmsNøp-∂-Xn\v ]Icw Ah X\n°v ]Zm\w sNbvX ssZh-Øn-s‚-Xm-sW∂vXpd∂v ]Jym-]n-°p-I-bmWv At±lw. F∂n-cns°, At±-l-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ F¥p-Im-c-W-am-Wp-≈Xv? kz¥w tbmKy-X-I-sf-∏‰n"CsX√mw ssZh-Z-Ø-amWv' F∂v At±lw ]d-bp-tºmƒ "A√, CsX√mw

hnJymX Ncn-X-Im-c-\mb tdm_¿´v _nt^mƒ´v Xs‚ "THE MAKING OF HISTORY' F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ ]d-bp∂p: Ad-_n-I-fn-√m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ Xß-fpsS ap≥Im-em-h-ÿ-Iƒ AXn-P-bn-°p-hm≥ klm-bn® KpW-ß-fpƒs°m-≈p-hm≥ bqtdm-]y≥ \mK-cn-I-X°v an°-hmdpw Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n√. Imc-W-ap≠v: Ckvem-anI \mK-cn-IX IS∂p sN√mØ Hcp taJ-ebpwIs≠-ØpI km[y-a-s√-¶nepw B[p-\nI bpK-Øns‚ \n¿Wm-bI i‡nbpw am\-hnIt\ -ß-fpsS apJy-tkm-X- p-amb imkvXob Nn¥-bp-sSbpw ]Ir-Xn-im-kvX-im-J-I-fp-sSbpw taJ-e-bn¬ AXv sNep-Ønb kzm[o\w as‰m-∂nepw AX ]I-S-a√ F∂p-thWwIcp-Xm≥. "kb≥kv' F∂v \mw hnfn-°p-∂Xv Hcp ]pXnb At\z-jW ssNX-\y-Øns‚ê-am-bn-cp∂p˛Kth-j-W-Øns‚ ]pXnb coXn-Iƒ, ]co-£-W-Øn-s‚bpw \nco-£-W-Øn-s‚bpw ]cn-am-W-Øn-s‚-bp-amb ]pXnb ]pXnb ssien-Iƒ; KWn-X-im-kvX-Øn¬ Ko°p-Im¿°p-t]m-ep-a-⁄m-X-amb cq]-Øn-ep≈ ]pXnb Im¬sh-∏p-Iƒ°m-bp≈ At\z-j-W-Xzc. B ssNX-\yhpw B coXn-Ifpw bqtdm-]y¿°v ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv Ad-_n-I-fmWv.''

t]mK- ohv FUp-t°-j≥ Atkm-kn-tb-js‚ ÿm]-I-\mb Ãm≥hpUv tIm_v ]d-bp∂p:""bqtdm-∏n-ep-≠mb ssh⁄m-\nI \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ bYm¿Y ImcWw Ckvemw Bbn-cp∂p.''(Quoted by Robert. L.Gullick Jr. in 'Mohammad the Educator')-

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

* ]hm-N-I-s\m-cn-°¬ ]d™p: ""IS-°m-c-\mbn ac-W-a-S-bm-\n-S-bp≈, As√-¶n¬, ac-W-tijw _‘p-°sf \ncm-ew-_-\m-°n-tb-°m-hp∂ h√-h-cp-ap-s≠-¶n¬ Fs∂ kao-]n-°s´.Ah-cp-sS-sb√mw c£m-I¿Øm-hmWv Rm≥.''- Xncp-Zq-X-cpsS PohnXw CXn∂v DØa km£n-bsX.-

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

** temI-Ønse \qdp alm-∑msc "The hundreds''F∂ KŸ-Øn-eqsS ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ønbssa°¬ F®v. lm¿ v ]Ya ÿm\w \evIn-bXv apl-ΩZv\_n-°m-sW-t∂m¿°pI.

˛ ]km-[-I¿

61]hm-N-IXzw

\ns‚- X-e-bn¬\n∂v Xs∂ DZv -hn-®-XmWv' F∂v \msa-¥n\v ]d-bWw?I]-S-∑m¿ A\y-cpsS tbmKy-X-Iƒ t]mepw kz¥-am-°n-Øo¿°m-\mWv ian-°pI. F∂m¬, At±-l-am-Is´, Xt‚-sX∂v \njv]-bmkw hmZn-°m-hp∂tbmKy-X-Iƒ t]mepw kz¥-sa-∂-h-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂n√. ]kvXpX tbmKy-X-IƒAt±-l-Øn∂v e`n-°p∂ am¿K-sØ-∏‰n a‰m¿°p-a-dn-™p-IqSm. XZ-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hc-am-\p-j-\m-sW∂v hmZn-®m¬ t]mepw Bsc-Xn¿°m≥? F∂n´pwAX-t±lw ]d-bp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ At±-l-sØ-°mƒ henb kXy-hm≥ a‰m-cmWv?

Ct±-l-atX, \ΩpsS t\Xmhv. k¿h-tem-I-Øn-∂p-ap≈ ]hm-N-I-\mbapl-ΩZv apkvX^m Xncp-ta\n(k). At±-l-Øns‚ ]hm-N-I-Xz-Øn-\p≈sXfnhv At±-l-Øns‚ kXy-\n-jvT-bmWv. At±-l-Øns‚ al-XvIr-Xy-ßƒ°pw kz`mhta∑°pw PohnX hnip-≤n°pw NcnXw km£n-bmWv. lrZ-b-ip-≤n-tbmSpw kXy-k-‘-X-tbmSpw \oXn-t_m-[-tØmSpw IqSn B NcnXw]Tn-°p∂ GXv \njv]-£\pw At±lw Hcp ]hm-N-I≥ Xs∂-sb∂v kΩ-Xn°pw. At±lw temI-k-a£w ka¿∏n® ssZh-hm-Iy-ß-fpsS kam-lm-c-amWv ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿-B≥. Xpd∂ lrZ-b-tØmsS, t_m[-]q¿hw B KŸw]mcm-bWw sNøp∂ Bcpw AXv \n w-i-b-ambpw Hcp ssZhnI KŸ-am-sW∂v ]d-bm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\mhpw. AØ-c-samcp KŸw cNn-°pI a\pjyIgn-hn-∂-Xo-X-am-sW∂pw Abm-fw-Ko-I-cn-t°-≠n-hcpw.

]hm-N-IXz ]cn-k-am]vXn˛sXfn-hp-Iƒ

C∂v Ckvem-ans\ bYm-hn[n Adn-bp-hm-\p≈ GI-am¿Kw hnip≤ Jp¿-B\pw ]hm-NI Ncy-bp-amWv. apl-ΩZv\_n apgp-h≥ a\p-jy¿°p-ap≈ ]hm-N-I-\mWv. At±-l-tØm-Sp-IqSn ]hm-N-IXz ]c-ºc ssZhw F∂-t∂-°p-ambn Ah-km-\n-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂p. ssZhw Xs‚ Zmk-∑m¿°v \evIm-\p-t±-in-®n-cp∂ kIe \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw A¥y ]hm-N-I≥ hgn \evIn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p∂p. Cu ]hm-N-I-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw At±-lsØ A\p-K-an-°p-IbpwsNtø-≠Xv kXym-t\z-jn-Ifpw bYm¿Y ssZh-Zm-k-∑m-cm-bn-cn-°m≥ Dt±-in-°p-∂-h-cp-amb F√m-h¿°pw \n¿_-‘-amWv.

"]hm-N-I-Xz-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw' F∂ io¿j-I-Øn¬ apºv \nßƒNne Imcy-ßƒ Kln-®p-ht√m. A°m-cy-ßƒ apºn¬sh®v Nn¥n-®m¬ ]hm-N-I≥ Zn\w ]Xn P\n-°-bn-s√∂pw Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Ønepw Ft∏mgpw ]hm-N-I≥am¿ htc≠ Bh-iy-an-s√∂pw a\- n-em°mw. Hcp ]hm-N-Is‚PohnXw At±-l-Øns‚ A[ym-]-\-ß-fpsS Pohn-°p∂ amXr-I-bm-bn-cn°pw.B A[ym-]-\-ßƒ \ne-\n-ev°p∂ Ime-tØmfw ]hm-N-I≥ Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂-XmWv ew. Cu ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬, apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS ap≥Km-an-I-fmb ]hm-N-I-∑m-cmcpw Pohn-®n-cn-∏n√. Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-\-ßƒbYm¿Y cq]-Øn¬ \ne-hn-en√ F∂Xp Xs∂ ImcWw. Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ Ah-bpsS cq]w am‰n-°-f-™n-cn-°p∂p. Ah¿ sIm≠p-h∂ ssZhKŸ-ß-fn-sem-∂p-t]mepw bYm¿Y cq]-Øn-en-∂n√. B ]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsSA\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°p-t]mepw Aß-s\-bp-s≠∂v hmZ-an√. kz¥w ]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS Pohn-X-N-cy-Iƒ t]mepw Ah¿ ad∂p. ap≥ ]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ Hcm-fp-sSbpw bYm¿Yhpw hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-hp-amb Pohn-X-Ncy Cs∂-hn-sSbpwe`y-a√. FhnsS, Ft∏mƒ P\n®p; Fs¥ms° ]h¿Øn®p; Fßs\

62 CkvemwaXw

Pohn®p; Fs¥√mw \n¿tZ-in®p; Fs¥√mw \ntcm-[n®p˛CsXm∂pw Ah-sc -kw-_-‘n®v Dd-∏n®p ]d-bpI km[y-a√. F∂m¬, apl-ΩZv\_n C∂pwPohn-®n-cn-∏p≠v! ImcWw, At±-l-Øns‚ in£W \n¿tZi-ßfpw Pohn-X-N-cy-Ifpw C∂pw \ne-\n-ev°p∂p. At±lw sIm≠p-h∂ hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥AXns‚ bYm¿Y A£-c-ß-tfmsS C∂p-ap≠v. AXn-semcp am‰hpw kw -hn-®n- n√. ]hm-N-Is‚ hm°pw ]hr-Ønbpw Ncy-bp-sa√mw kpc-£n-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p≠v. Bbn-c-Øn-ap-∂q-dn¬]cw kwh-’-c-ßƒ°p tijhpw \mwXncp-ta-\nsb t\cn¬ ImWp-∂Xp t]mse, Ah-bpsS sXfn™ NnXw Ncn-X-Øn¬ tcJ-s∏´p InS-∏p≠v. apl-ΩZv\_n-bpsS PohnXw tcJ-s∏-Sp-ØnbAX kpc-£n-X-ambpw kq£va-ambpw as‰mcp alm-]p-cp-j-s‚bpw PohnXwNcnXw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´n√. Pohn-X-Ønse GXp kµ¿`-Øn\pw GXv]iv\-Øn\pw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬\n∂v \ap-s°mcp amXrIe`n°pw. apl-ΩZv\_n°v tijw as‰mcp ]hm-N-I≥ Bh-iy-an-s√-∂-Xn\vCu sXfn-hp-Iƒ Xs∂ [mcm-f-amWv.

Hcp ]hm-N-I-∂p-tijw as‰mcp ]hm-N-Is‚ BK-a-\-Øn\v aq∂n-semcpImcWw D≠m-hmsX hø. H∂v: BZy ]hm-N-Is‚ A[ym-]-\-ßƒ \mam-h-ti-j-am-bn-t∏m-hp-Ibpw Ahsb ]p\¿Po-hn-∏n-t°≠ Bhiyw t\cn-Sp-Ibpw sNøpI. c≠v:- BZy ]hm-N-Is‚ in£Ww A]q¿W-am-hp-IbpwAXn-\m¬ AXn¬ t`Z-K-Xntbm Iq´n-t®¿°tem \S-tØ-≠-Xmbn hcn-IbpwsNøpI. aq∂v:- BZy ]hm-N-Is‚ in£-W-ßƒ Hcp ]tXyI kap-Zm-b-Øn\v amX-am-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw AXn-\m¬ a‰p kap-Zm-b-ßƒ°v thsd ]hm-N-I≥ Bh-iy-ambn hcn-Ibpw sNøpI.* Cu aq∂p Imc-W-ß-fn-sem-∂p-t]mepw Ct∏m-g-h-ti-jn-°p-∂n√.

H∂m-a-Xmbn, apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k)bpsS A[ym-]-\-ßƒ C∂pw kpc-£n-Xhpw kPo-h-hp-ambn \ne-\n-ev°p-∂p≠v. At±-l-Øns‚ auenI hnizm-k-I¿a-ß-sf-s¥m-s°-bm-bn-cp∂p; \n¿tZi-ß-sf-¥m-bn-cp∂p; At±lw \S-∏m-°nb PohnX coXn-tbXv; \in-∏n-®-h-tbXv˛XpS-ßnb Imcy-ßƒ GX-h-k-c-Ønepw \njv]-bmkw a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\p≈ am¿K-ßƒ kpc-£n-X-ambn \ne-hn-ep≠v. B \ne°v XZzn-j-b-I-ambn as‰mcp ]hm-N-Is‚Bhiyw t\cn-Sp-∂n√. c≠m-a-X-mbn, apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k) aptJ\ temI-Øn\vCkvem-ans‚ ]cn-]q¿W in£Ww \evI-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p. C\n-b-Xn¬ h√XpwIq´p-Itbm Ipd-bv°p-Itbm sNtø-≠-Xn√. t`Z-K-Xnbpw Bh-iy-an√. as‰mcp]hm-N-I≥ h∂v ]cn-l-cn-t°≠ Hcp \yq\Xbpw AXn-∂n√. AXn-\m¬,c≠m-asØ Imc-Whpw \ne-hn-en√.** aq∂m-a-Xmbn, Xncp-ta\n Hcp ]tXyIkap-Zm-b-Ønt\m cmjvS-Ønt\m amX-a√, k¿h temI-Øn-\p-ap≈ ]hm-N-I-\m-bn-´mWv \ntbm-Kn-X-\m-bXv. kIe a\p-jy¿°pw At±-lØns‚in£-Ww-Xs∂ [mcmfw aXn. AXn-\m¬, C\n Hcp kap-Zmb-Ønt\m cmPy-Ønt\m th≠n Hcp ]hm-N-I≥ htc≠ Bhiyw Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂n√.

* Hcp ]hm-N-Is‚ km∂n-[y-Øn¬ Abm-fpsS klm-b-Øn-\mbn as‰mcp ]hm-N-Is\ \ntbm-Kn-°p-I-sb∂ \mem-a-sXmcp cq]hpw km[y-amWv. ]t£, Rm\Xv hn´p-I-f-bm≥ ImcWw,hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬ AXn\p c≠p-Zm-l-c-W-ß-tf-bp≈q F∂-XmWv. klm-bn-I-fmb ]hm-N-I-∑msc \ntbm-Kn-°¬ A√m-lp-hns‚ Hcp s]mXp \nb-a-am-sW∂v B c≠p-Zm-l-c-W-ßƒsIm≠v amXw sXfn-bp-I-bn√.- ˛KŸ-Im-c≥

** ]pXn-sbmcp ZuXy-Øn\v Hcp \n›n-X-Imew Ign-™m¬ aXn F∂v Nne¿ ]d-bp∂p. ]Xn-

63]hm-N-IXzw

X∑qew aq∂m-asØ Imc-W-Øn\pw ]k-‡n-bn√.

CXp-sIm-≠mWv apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k)sb hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ""JmØ-ap-∂-_n-øo≥''F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®n- p-≈Xv. "]hm-N-IXz ]c-ºc Ah-km-\n-∏n-®-h≥' F∂m-W-Xn-∂¿Yw.* C\n, apl-Ω-Zv\-_n-bpsS am¿Kw kzbw ]n¥p-S-cp-Ibpw temIsØ AXn-te°v £Wn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp P\-X-bm-Wm-hiyw. apl-Ω-Zv\_n sIm≠p-h∂ \nb-a-ßƒ \S-∏m-°p∂ Hcp hyhÿÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\mbn k¿h-hn[ XymK-ßfpw hcn-°m≥ k∂-≤-X-bp≈ HcpP\X.

hnizmkImcy-ßƒaq∂p \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºv Ah-X-cn® Hcp aXw A]m-tbm-Kn-Ihpw Ime-l-c-W-s∏- Xpw]pXp-bp-K-Øns‚ Bh-iy-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥ A]m-]vX-hp-am-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂m-W-h-cpsShmZw. XnI®pw ASn-ÿm\ cln-X-am-WnXv. Imc-W-ßƒ ]dbmw:

1. Ckvem-anI in£-W-ßƒ imiz-X-amWv. ImcWw, qX˛`mhn˛ h¿Ø-am-\-ß-f-dn-bp∂ ssZh-amWv Ah Ah-X-cn-∏n-®Xv. `mhn-bpsS Ahy-‡-amb Ihm-S-Øn-te-s°-Øn-t\m-°m≥ ]cn-an-Xn-I-fp≈ a\p-jy-Zr-jvSnt° Ign-bm-Xp≈q. ÿe-Ime ]cn-an-Xn-Iƒ°-Xo-X-\mb ssZhwAß-s\-b√.

2. Ckvemw a\p-jy-]-Ir-Xn-bn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amWv. a\p-jy-]-Ir-Xn-°m-Is´ am‰-an√. ]ucm-WnIa\p-jys‚ AtX aqi-bn¬Ø-s∂-bmWv a\p-jy-sc√mw hm¿°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂Xv. a\p-jys‚auenI ]Ir-Xn°v am‰-an√.

3. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ imiz-Xn-I-X-bp-sSbpw am‰-Øn-s‚bpw LS-I-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ kpµ-c-amb Hcp kao-I-c-W-ap≠v. F√mw imiz-X-a√. F√mw am‰-Øn\v hnt[-b-hp-a√. ASn-ÿm\]am-W-ßfpw auen-I-aq-ey-ßfpw am‰sØ kzoI-cn-°p-I-bn√. _mly-cq-]-ß-fmWv Ime-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v amdp-∂Xv. ]cn-K-W-\o-b-amb Nne XØz-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ am‰n-bn- p-≈Xpw Ah-Xs∂. imiz-Xn-IX, am‰w˛ Ch c≠n-s‚bpw Bh-iy-ßƒ Ckvemw \nh¿Øn-®n- p≠v. Ckvem-ans‚ imizX XØz-ß-fmWv Jp¿-B-\nepw kp∂-Øn-ep-ap-≈Xv. AXXvImesØ Bh-iy-ß-f-\p-k-cn®v Ah ]tbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv CPvXn-lm-Zn-eq-sS-bmWv. Pohn-X-Øns‚ auenI XØz-ßƒ°pw imizX aqey-ßƒ°pw A\p-kr-X-ambn a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øns‚ imiz-X-amb hnIm-k-Øn-∂-\p-cq-]-amb Ahn-I-e-am-sbmcp hyhÿ sI´n-∏-SpØGI-aXw Ckvem-atX.

4. imkvXo-b-ambn t\m°n-bmepw qan-bn¬ a\p-tjym¬]Øn DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp-sh® AtX-bp-K-Øn-emWv a\p-jy≥ C∂pw Pohn-°p-∂Xv. a\pjy Pohn-X-Øns‚ ]kvXpX Xe-Øn¬]d-b-Ø° bmsXmcp am‰hpw kw -hn-®n- n√. \mK-cn-I-X-Iƒ DZv -hn-°p-Ibpw AkvX-an-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. kwkvIm-c-ßƒ \msº-Sp-°p-Ibpw Nc-a-a-S-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. kmam-Py-ßƒ P∑-sa-Sp-°p-Ibpw Nmº-em-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¶nepw, Imew ]m]-©nI ]cn-Wm-a-Øns‚ al-Ømb irwJ-e-bn¬ ]Xn-hn≥]Sn \ne-sIm-≈p∂p. AXn-\m¬ \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºv \evI-s∏-s´mcp \nba kwlnX Imew sN√pt¥mdpw A]m-tbm-Kn-I-am-bn-Øocpw F∂ hmZw ASn-ÿm-\-c-ln-Xhpw A_-≤-P-Sn-e-hp-amWv.

* \_n(k)]d-bp∂p: F\n-°p-tijw C\n-sbmcp ]hm-N-I≥ D≠m-Ip-∂X√.'' as‰m-cn-°¬At±lw ]d™p: ""Fs‚bpw F\n°v apºp-≈-h-cp-sSbpw D]-a-bn-XmWv: Hcmƒ Hcp aµncw]WnXp. AXns\ kpµ-chpw kp -K-hp-am°n. ]t£, Hcp aqe-°-√ns‚ ÿm\w Hgn-hm-°n-sh®p. P\-ßƒ AXns\ ]Z-£nWw sh°p-Ibpw AXns‚ at\m-lm-cn-X-bn¬ AZv pXwIqdp-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¥p-sIm≠v Hcp I√p-IqSn sh®n√ F∂-h¿ tNmZn®p. B I√vRm\m-Ip∂p. Rm\tX, A¥y-]-hm-N-I≥.'' (_pJmcn, apkvenw).-

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

hnizm-k -Im-cy-ß-fn-te°v IS-°p-∂-Xn\p apºmbn Ign™ A[ym-b-ß-fn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn® Imcy-ßƒ H∂p-IqSn ]cn-tim-[n°mw.

1. "Ckvem-ans‚ A¿Yw ssZh-Øn-\p≈ A\p-k-cWw, Iogvh-W°wFs∂m-s°-bmWv. ssZh-Øns‚ kØ, KpW-ßƒ, ssZh-am¿Kw, ]c-temIwF∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v icn-bmb ⁄m\an√msX "Ckvemw' Dƒs°m-≈m-\m-hn√.Cu ⁄m\w ssZh-Øns‚ ]hm-N-I-∑m¿ aptJ\ amXta e`n°q. At∏mƒ,"Ckveman's‚ icn-bmb \n¿h-N\w"]hm-N-Im-[ym-]-\-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-®p-sIm≠pw ]hm-NI amXrI ]n≥]-‰n-s°m≠pw ssZh-Zm-k-\mbn Pohn-°pI'F∂m-bn-Øo-cp∂p. ]hm-N-Is‚ klm-b-an-√msX t\cn´v ssZhsØ A\p-k-cn-°p∂p F∂v hmZn-°p-∂-h≥ Hcn-°epw apkven-a√.

2. ap≥Im-e-ß-fn¬ Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Ønepw sht∆sd ]hm-N-I-∑m¿h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p˛Htc kap-Zm-b-Øn¬Øs∂ Hcmƒ°v tijw as‰m-cmƒF∂ \ne-bn¬. A°m-eØv, Hmtcm kap-Zm-bsØ kw_-‘n®pw "Ckvemw'F∂Xv AXXv kap-Zm-b-Ønse ]hm-N-I-∑m¿ Ah-cn¬ ]t_m-[\w sNbvXaX-Øns‚ t]cm-bn-cp∂p. Ckvem-ans‚ auenI XØz-ßƒ F√m ImeØpwF√m cmPyØpw H∂p-Xs∂ Bbn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw \nba-hy-h-ÿ-IfpwBcm-[-\m-am¿K-ßfpw* hn`n-∂-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p. AXn-\m¬, Hcp kap-Zm-b-Øn\vB kap-Zm-b-Øn-te°v \ntbm-Kn-X-cmb ]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ amXta hniz-kn-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂p≈q. CXc kap-Zm-b-ß-fnse ]hm-N-I-∑msc A\p-K-an-t°≠Bhiyap≠m-bn-cp-∂n√.

3. apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k), F√m a\p-jy-k-aq-l-ßƒ°p-ap≈ ]hm-N-I-\mbn\ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw At±lw aptJ\ Ckvemw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-IbpwsNbvXp. AtXm-sSm∏w temI-Øn\v apgp-h-\p-ambn Htc "ico-AØv' \evI-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AtXm-sSm∏w temI-Øn\v apgp-h-\p-ambn Htc "ico-AØv' \evI-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. apl-Ω-Zv\-_n-bpsS ZuXyw Hcp ]tXyIkap-Zm-b-Ønt\m Hcp ]tXyI cmPy-Ønt\m D≈-X√. Hcp ]tXyI Ime-tØ°v amX-hp-a√. adn®v, apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\pap≈-XmWv; F√mIme-tØ-°p-ap-≈-XmWv. ap≥ ]hm-N-I-∑m¿ sIm-≠p-h∂ ico-A-Øp-I-sf√mw Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS BK-a-\-tØmsS Zp¿_-e-s∏´p. C\n temIm-h-km\whsc as‰mcp ]hm-N-I≥ hcn√. ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂v as‰mcp PohnX ]≤XnAh-X-cn-°-bp-an√. AXn-\m¬, Ct∏mƒ "Ckvemw' F∂Xv apl-ΩZv\_n

*Ckvem-ans‚ kmt¶-XnI `mj-bn¬"ico-AØv'.

4

65hnizm-k-Im-cy-ßƒ

sIm≠p-h∂ Zo\ns‚ amXw t]cmWv. apl-ΩZv\_n-bpsS ]hm-N-IXzwAwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw At±lw \n¿tZ-in® Imcy-ß-fn-se√mw hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw,At±-l-Øns‚ B⁄-Iƒ ssZh-Øn-s‚-Xm-sW∂v kΩ-Xn®v Ahsbk¿hm-fl\m A\p-k-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xn-\mWv C∂v "Ckvemw' F∂v]d-bp-∂Xv. apkven-am-Ip-hm≥ \n¿_-‘-]q¿hw hniz-kn-t°-≠tXm, hniz-kn-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ Im^n-dm-bn-t∏m-Ip-sa∂v `b-t°-≠tXm Bb Hcp ]hm-N-I\pw C\n hcm-\n√.

CXbpw Imcy-ß-fmWv ap≥ A[ym-b-Øn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-®Xv. C\n, apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k) hniz-kn-°m-\m-h-iy-s∏´ Imcy-ß-sf-s¥∂pw Ah FX-amXwbp‡n`Z-am-sW∂pw At\z-jn°mw.

ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw

apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k)bpsS ]Y-ahpw auen-I-hp-amb A[ym-]\w "emC-emlC√-√mlp' F∂-XsX. A√m-lp-h-√msX thsd Hcn-em-lp-an√ F∂mWohmIy-Øn-\¿Yw. Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm-\-amWo hmIyw. Hcp apkven-ans\Ahn-izm-kn-bn¬\n∂pw _lp-ssZh hnizm-kn-bn¬\n∂pw \mkvXn-I-\n¬\n∂pw th¿Xn-cn-®p-\n¿Øp-∂Xv Cu hmIy-amWv. Cu hmIyw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-hcpw \ntj-[n-°p-∂-hcpw XΩn¬ òa-amb hyXymkw D≠m-bn-Øo-cp∂p. AXv kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-h¿ Hcp hn`m-Khpw \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h¿ as‰mcphn`m-Khpambn-am-dp∂p. AXv kzoI-cn-°p-∂-h¿°v Cl˛]c-tem-I-ß-fn¬ hnP-bhpw tam£-hp-ap≠v. Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-∂-h¿°m-Is´ ]cm-P-bhpw lo\-XzhpwamXhpw.

a\p-jy¿°n-S-bn¬ kwPm-X-am-Ip∂ Cu h≥ A¥cw "emw', "Aen^v',"lm' F∂o A£-c-ßƒ IqSn-t®¿∂ Hcp ]Zw D®-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ amXwê-a√. "Iz\o≥' F∂ ]Zw e£w XhW Dcp-hn- mepw ]\n hn´p-am-d-W-sa-¶n¬ AXv tkhn-°pI Xs∂ thW-at√m. AXp-t]mse ""em CemlC√-√mlp''F∂v Dcp-hn-Sp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v amXw e-sam-∂p-an√. Xm\p-®-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ A¿Yhpw AXp-hgn Xm≥ kzbw kΩ-Xn-°p∂ kwK-Xn-I-fpsSKuc-hhpw X∂n¬ h∂ptNcp∂ _m[y-X-I-fpsS `mchpw kw_-‘n®vXnI™ t_m[-ap-s≠-¶nte AXp-sIm≠v ê-ap≈q. Cu hmIyw kzoI-cn-°p-∂-hcpw Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-∂-hcpw XΩn¬ A¥-c-ap-≠m-Ip-hm\pw thWw NneImcy-ßƒ: D®-cn-°p∂ hmIy-Øns‚ A¿Yw lrZ-b-Øn¬ thcq-∂Ww;AXn¬ ZrV-hn-izm-k-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww; hncp≤ hnizm-k-ß-fn¬\n∂v ap‡-am-hp-Ibpw thWw. "A·n Icn-°p-∂-XmWv', "hnjw amc-I-amWv' XpS-ßnbBi-b-ßƒ \ΩpsS a\- n-ep-≠m-°p-∂-Xp-t]m-ep≈ Hcp hnIm-c-sa-¶nepw]kvXpX hmIyØn\pap-≠m-IWw. A·n-bpsS ]Ir-Xn-sb-°p-dn® hnizm-kw ASp-∏n¬ ssIbn-Sp-∂-Xn¬\n∂v \sΩ XS-bp∂p; hnj-Øns‚ kz`m-h-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw AXv Ign-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v \sΩ hne-°p∂p. AXp-t]mse "em Ceml C√-√mlp' F∂ hnip-≤- hm-Iy-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw_lp-ssZ-hXzw, Ahn-izmkw, \mkvXn-IX XpS-ßn-b-h-bpsS AXn-\n- m-c-amb Awi-ß-fn¬\n∂v t]mepw \sΩ ip≤o-I-cn-t°-≠-XmWv.

hnip≤ hmIy-Øns‚ A¿Yw

66 CkvemwaXw

BZy-ambn "Cemlv' F∂ ]Zw FSp-°pI. "C_m-Z-Øn-∂¿l-\m-b-h≥'F∂m-W-Xn-∂¿Yw. k¿thm-]-cn-bmb ]Xm] i‡n-bp-sS-bpw Hu∂-Xy-Øn-s‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Bcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-hm\pw A\p-k-cn-°-s∏-Sp-hm\pwASn-a-hrØn sNø-s∏-Sp-hm\pw `b- ‡n _lp-am-\-ß-tfmsS inc- p-IƒIp\n-°-s∏-Sp-hm\pw A¿l-X-bp-≈-h≥ F∂v kmcw. a\p-jy-_p-≤nsb Aº-c-∏n-°-Ø-°-hn[w hn]p-e-amb i‡namlm-fly-ap-≈-h≥ F∂ A¿Yhpw"Cemlv' F∂ ]Zw Dƒs°m-≈p∂p. temI-Ønse kIe hkvXp-°fpwBi-bn-°p-∂-h\pw kI-ecpw klm-b-a¿Yn-°p-∂-h\pw AtXm-sSm∏w Bcp-sSbpw Bibw Bh-iy-an-√m-Ø-h\pw Bb i‡n F∂ Bi-bhpw"Cemln'eS-ßn-bn- p≠v. AZr-iy≥ F∂ A¿Yhpw AXn-e-¥¿ -hn®p InS-°p∂p. a\p-tjy-µn-b-ßƒ°v ImWm≥ Ign-bmØ hn[w Ign-hp-Iƒ tKm]y-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-h-s\bpw "Cemlv' F∂p ]dbpw. t]¿jy\n¬ "JpZm' F∂pwlnµn-bn¬ "tZhX' F∂pw Cw•o-jn¬ "tKmUv'F∂pw ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚A¿Yhpw GXm≠v CXp Xs∂. temI-Ønse CXc -`m-j-I-fnepw CuBibw [z\n-∏n-°p-hm≥ ]tXyIw hm°p-I-fp≠v.*

"A√mlp' F∂ ]Zw GIssZh-Øn-\p≈ ]tXyI \ma-amWv. At∏mƒ"em Ceml C√-√mlp' F∂ hmIy-Øns‚ A¿Yw A√mlp F∂ t]tcm-Sp-Iq-Snb GI-ssZ-h-sam-gn®v thsdmcp "Cem-ln√' F∂mbn. AXm-bXv, ]qP-°¿l-\mbn A√m-lp-h-√msX a‰m-cp-an√. Bcm-[\, ASn-a-hrØn, A\p-k-cWw F∂o cq]-Ønepw Xe-Ip-\n-°-s∏-Sp-hm≥ A¿l-\mbn Ah-\-√msXa‰m-cp-an√; DS-a-ÿ\pw hn[n-I¿Ømhpw Ah≥ amX-amWv; kIe hkvXp-°fpw Ahs‚ Bin-X-cmWv. kI-ecpw Ah-t\mSv amXw klm-b-a¿Yn-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cmWv. Ah≥ AZr-iy-\mWv.- CsXm-s°-bm-W-Xp-sIm-≠p≈ hnh£.

hnip-≤ -hm-Iy-Øns‚ s]mcpƒ

hnip-≤ hm-Iy-Ønse ]Z-ß-fpsS A¿Yw amX-am-Wn-∏-d-™Xv. C\nAXns‚ s]mcp-sf-¥m-sW∂v ]cn-tim-[n°mw. ]pcm-X\ Ncn-Xhpw ]ucm-WnI P\-X-Xn-I-fpsS kvamcI Nn”-ßfpw \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p∂ Hcp hkvXp-X-bp≠v: a\p-jy≥ F°m-eØpw ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-kn®v AXns\ Bcm-[n-®n-cp-∂p-sh-∂-Xm-WXv. C∂v Pohn-°p∂ ]cn-jvIr-Xcpw A]-cn-jvIr-X-cp-ambkap-Zm-b-ß-sfm-s°bpw GtXm coXn-bn¬ ssZh-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw ssZhsØBcm-[n-°p-∂-h-cp-amWv. CXv ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Nn¥ a\p-jy-]-Ir-Xn-bn¬ \neo-\-amb H∂m-sW∂v hy‡-am-°p∂p. Hcp i‡nsb ssZh-ambnkzoI-cn®v AXns\ Bcm-[n-°p-hm≥ \n¿_-‘n-°p∂ Hcp t]cI i‡na\p-jy-\n¬ ]IrXym Xs∂-bp≠v. F¥mWv Cu t]c-I-i‡n? kz¥wAkvXn-Xz-sØbpw a‰p a\p-jy-cpsS ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-I-sfbpw kkq£vaw ]Tn-®m¬ B tNmZy-Øn-∂p-Øcw ImWmw.

a\p-jy≥ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ Hc-Sn-a-bm-bn- mWv P\n-°p-∂Xv. Ah≥ ]Ir-Xym-Xs∂ _e-lo-\\pw Bin-X-\p-amWv. Xs‚ AkvXnXzw \ne-\n¿Øn-

* DZm-l-c-W-ambn Ko°v `mj-bn¬ Oeo's F∂pw em‰n-\n¬ Deus F∂pw tKmØn-°n¬ GuthF∂pw P¿a\n¬ Goth F∂pw BWv ]d-bpI(F≥ssk-t¢m-]o-Unb _n´m-\n°, hmfyw10, t]Pv 46, Nn°mtKm˛1056)


t∏m-cm≥ Bh-iy-amb \nc-h[n hkvXp-°-fp≠v. F∂m¬, Ah-sbm∂pw Ah-∂-[o-\-a√. Ah kzbw Ah∂v e`n-°p-I-bmWv; AXp-t]mse Ah-\n¬\n∂vA]-l-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw. Ah-∂p-]-Im-c-]-Z-amb FXtbm hkvXp-°-fp≠v.Ah Ic-ÿ-am-°m≥ Ah≥ Dt±-in-°p∂p; Ah Nne-t∏mƒ Ah∂v e`n-°p∂p. a‰p Nne-t∏mƒ \ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp∂p. ImcWw, Ah Xo¿Øpw Ahs‚A[n-Im-c-Øn-e√.

Ah∂v tZmjhpw \jvShpw hcp-Øp∂ Nne Imcy-ß-fp≠v. Ahs‚PohnX kºmZyw apgp-h≥ \nan-j-t\cwsIm≠v \in-∏n-°m≥ Icp-Øp-≈h;Ahs‚ Bi-Ifpw ]Xo-£-Ifpw Ah XI¿ØpIf-bp∂p. Ahs\ tcmK-Ønepw B]-Øp-I-fn-ep-a-I-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. Ahsb XSp-°-W-sa-∂-h-∂m-K-l-ap≠v. ]t£, Ft∏m-gp-aXv km[n-°p-∂n√. X∑qew Ah-sbm∂pw Xs‚A[n-Imc ]cn-[n-bntem Ign-hntem s] -X-s√∂ Hcp [mcW Ah-\n¬ thcq-∂p∂p.

Nne hkvXp-°ƒ Ahs\ b-hn-lz-e\pw ]cm-PnX a\-kvI-\p-am-°p∂p.DØpw-K-amb ]¿h-X-ßƒ; h≥ \Zn-Iƒ; oam-Im-c-∑m-cmb P¥p-°ƒ; sImSp-¶m‰v; ]fbw; qIºw; taL-K¿P\w; Icm-f-amb A‘-Imcw; IÆ-©n-°p∂an∂¬ ]nW-cp-Iƒ; tXmcmØ t]amcn; Pzen-°p∂ kqcy-tKmfw; ]` hnX-dp∂ Nµ≥; an∂n-Øn-f-ßp∂ \£-X-ßƒ˛ Aß-s\-sb-Xtbm ]m]-©nIhkvXp-°ƒ Ah≥ ImWp∂p. Xs∂-°mƒ FXtbm A[nIw hep-∏hpwi‡nbpw ]Xm-]-hp-ap-≈h. Ah-bpsS apºn¬ Xm≥ tIhew Ai-‡\pw\n m-c-\p-am-sW∂ tXm∂¬ Ah-\n¬ i‡n]m]n-°p∂p. Xm≥ ASn-abpwBin-X-\p-am-sW∂ t_m[w a\- n-ep-d-bv°p∂p. AtXmsS, Cu ]Xn- m-k-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw DS-a-ÿX hln-°p∂ B alm i‡n-sb-°p-dn®v Ah≥Nn¥n®p XpS-ßp∂p. AXns‚ amlm-fly-ß-sf-°p-dn® t_m[w, IogvhW-°-tØmsS AXns‚ apºn¬ Xe-Ip-\n-°p-hm-≥ Ahs\ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-°p-∂p. AXns‚ AP-ø-i-‡n-sb-°p-dn® [mcW, AXns‚ apºn¬ kz¥w\n -lm-bm-hÿ ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-hm≥ Ahs\ t]cn-∏n-°p∂p. X\n°v \∑sNøp∂ i‡n-I-sf-°p-dn® Nn¥ Ah-tbmSv klm-b-a¿Yn-°p-hm≥ Ahs\D’p-I-\m-°p∂p. X\n°v \mi-\-jvS-ta-ev]n-°p∂ i‡n-I-sf-°p-dn® AdnhvAh-bpsS tIm]-Øn¬\n∂v c£ ]m]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿K-ßƒ tXSm≥Ahs\ DZyp-‡-\m-°p∂p.

a\p-jy≥ A⁄-X-bpsS Xmtg ]Sn-bn-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ i‡nbpw ]Xm-]-hp-ap-≈-Xmtbm KpW-tZm-j-ßƒ sNøm≥ ]m]vXn-bp-≈-Xmtbm Ah∂vtXm∂p∂ hkvXp-°sf ssZh-sa∂v [cn-°p∂p. Aßs\, ]m]-©nI ]Xn-`m-k-ß-fn¬ an°-Xn-s\bpw Ah≥ ]qPn-°p-Ibpw Bcm-[n-°p-IbpwsNøp∂p. F∂m¬, ⁄m\-am-Ip∂ ]Imiw hym]n®p XpS-ßp-∂-tXmsSAh-sb√mw Xs∂-t∏mse Ai-‡cpw Bin-Xcpw ASn-a-I-fp-am-sW-∂-h≥a\- n-em-°p∂p. FX oIc P¥phpw Hcp sImXp-In-s\-t∏mse NØp-t]m-Ip∂p. Hcn-°¬ Iqew IpØn-sbm-gp-Ip∂ h≥ \Zn-Iƒ t]mepw as‰m-cn-°¬ h‰n hc≠p t]mIp∂p. ]¿h-X-ßsf a\p-jy≥ Xs∂ CSn®v \nc-Øp∂p. hr£-e-Xm-Zn-Iƒ apf-∏n-°p-I-sb-∂Xv `qan-bpsS kz¥w A[n-Imc]cn-[n-bn¬ s] -X√. Pe-Øns‚ kl-I-c-W-an-s√-¶n¬ qan \n -lm-b-bmWv.sh≈-Øn-∂p-an√ tkz—m-[n-Imcw. AXv Im‰ns\ Bi-bn-°p∂p. Im‰n\pw

68 CkvemwaXw

kzm[n--Im-c-an√. AXp-≠m-hp-∂Xpw C√m-Xm-hp-∂Xpw a‰p Nne-Xns\ Bi-bn-®mWv. kqcy˛Nµ˛\£-XmZn tKmf-ßfpw Nne \nb-a-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-amWv. B \nb-a-ßƒs°-Xn-cmbn H∂-\-ßm≥ t]mepw Ah-bv°m-hn√.Cßs\ Nn¥n-°p∂ a\pjya\ v AZr-iyhpw cl-ky-hp-amb i‡n-I-fn-te°v \oßn-Øp-S-ßp∂p. Cu ]Xn- m-k-ßƒ°p ]n∂n¬ Nne AZriyi‡n-Iƒ Hfn™pInS-∏ps≠∂pw Ah-bm-Wn-sX√mw \nb-¥n-°p-∂-sX∂pwAh¿ Icp-Xn-Øp-S-ßp∂p. ChnsS\n∂mWv tZh-∑m-cp-sSbpw tZh-X-I-fp-sSbpwBcw`w. Im‰n\pw Xobn\pw sh≈-Øn\pw tcmK-Øn\pw Btcm-Ky-Øn\pwHs° thsd thsd ssZh-ßƒ. Ah-bpsS km¶-ev]nI cq]-ßƒ \n¿an®vP\w Bcm-[-\bpw XpSßn.

⁄m\-Øns‚ shfn®w Iptd-°qSn sXfn-bp-tºmƒ ]m]-©nI hyhÿHcp GIo-IrX \nb-a-Øm¬ _‘n-X-am-sW∂v a\p-jy∂v t_m[y-amIpw.Im‰ns‚ KXnbpw ag-bpsS hchpw tKmf-ß-fpsS `a-Whpw Imem-h-ÿ-bpsSam‰-hp-sa√mw Hcp \n›nX hyh-ÿ-bnepw Ia-Øn-ep-amWv kw -hn®psIm≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv. Hmtcm ]hr-Ønbpw AXm-Xns‚ ka-bØv IrXy-ambn \S-°p∂p.AXn-∂m-h-iy-amb F√m ]m]-©nI i‡n-Ifpw ]c-kv]cw kwL-Sn®pwkl-I-cn®pw ]h¿Øn-°p∂p. Cu ]h¿Ø-ss\-Iy-Øn-∂mbn Ahsbkwhn-[m-\n® \nbaw F¥p-amXw _en-jvT-am-bn-cn°pw! ]m]-©nI hyh-ÿ-bpsS Cu sFIyhpw Hcp-abpw I≠v sNdnb ssZh-ß-sfsb√mw \bn-°p∂ Hcp henb ssZhw IqSn-bp-s≠∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-hm≥ _lp-ssZhhnizmkn \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-bn-Øo-cp∂p. ImcWw, ssZh-ßƒ XΩn-ep≈`n∂n∏v temI-hy-h-ÿ-sb-Øs∂ Xmdp-am-dm-°p-sa-∂-h-∂-dnbmw. B henbssZh-Øn\v Ah≥ ""A√mlp''Ft∂m ""]c-ta-iz-c≥'' Ft∂m at‰m t]cn vhnfn-°p∂p. F∂m¬, Bcm-[-\-bnepw A\p-k-c-W-Ønepw sNdp ssZh-ßƒ°pah≥ ]¶v \evIp∂p. ZnhyXzw, `qan-bnse Nne kº-Zm-b-ßƒt]mep≈ H∂m-sW-∂mWv Ahs‚ [mcW. ChnsS c-W-Ø-e-h\pw, Iogn¬a¥n-amcpw, ]ns∂ skI- -cn-amcpw Iogp-tZym-K-ÿ-∑m-cp-sam-s°-bp-≠t√m.sNdp ssZh-ßsf Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-ØmsX henb ssZh-Øns‚ kmao]yw kn≤n-°-bn-s√∂pw Ah≥ [cn-°p∂p. AXn-∂mbn Ahsb Bcm-[n-°p∂p; Ah-tbmSv klm-b-a¿Yn-°p∂p. Ahsb a[y-ÿ-cm-°p∂p; t\¿®-Ifpw hgn-]m-Sp-Ifpw sIm≠v Ahsb Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p.

⁄m\-Øns‚ ]Imiw A\p-Iaw h¿[n-°p-t¥mdpw ssZh-ß-fpsSkwJy Npcp-ßn-s°mt≠ hcpw. B shfn-®-Øn¬ Nn¥n-°m-\m-cw- n-°p∂a\p-jy∂v, A⁄m-\n-Iƒ Na-®p-≠m-°nb ssZh-ßƒ ssZh-ß-tf-b-s√∂pwXs∂-t∏m-ep≈ ASn-a-Itfm Xs∂-°mfpw \n -lm-btcm BsW∂pw hy‡-amhpw. Aßs\ Ahsb Hmtcm-∂mbn Ah≥ ssIsbm-gn°pw. HSp-hn¬GI ssZhw amXw Ah-ti-jn°pw. B GI ssZh-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ hn`m-h-\-bn¬ ]ns∂bpw A⁄-X-Iƒ kzm[o\w sNep-Øn-bn-cn°pw. Nne¿ ssZh-Øn-s\mcp ÿqe-i-cocw k¶-ev]n°pw. Ah-s∂m-cn-cn-∏n-Shpw. AXn-en-cp-∂vA-h≥ `cn-°p-I-bmWv! a‰p Nne¿ ssZh-Øn\v `mcym k¥m-\-ßsf Iev]n-°p∂p. ssZh-Øn-s‚-Xmb Hcp k¥m\ ]c-º-cbpw. ssZhw a\p-jy-cq-]-Øn¬ CS-°nsS `qan-bn-en-d-ßn-h-cp-∂p-sh-∂mWv a‰p Nne-cpsS k¶ev]w.]]-©-am-Ip∂ Cu hyh-km-b-ime \S-Øn-hn v ssZhw Fhn-sStbm hniaw


sIm≈p-I-bm-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cp-ap≠v. C\nbpw Nne¿, ]pWy-hm-f-∑m-cp-sSbpw alm-flm-°-fp-sSbpw ip]m¿ibpw a[y-ÿ-hp-an-√msX ssZh-km-ao]yw km[y-a-s√∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-°p∂p. a‰p Nne¿ ssZh-Øn\v Xß-fpsS k¶-ev]-Øn-ep≈ Hcp cq]w \evIn AXns\ ]Xn-jvT-bm°n ]qPn-°p∂p. Cß-s\-sb-s¥√mw A⁄-X-Iƒ! etam, Ah¿ ]ns∂bpw _lp-ssZh hnizm-k-Ønepw Ahn-izm-k-Ønepw Xs∂ IpSp-ßn-°n-S-°p∂p.

""em Ceml C√√m''bpsS ]Zhn k¿thm¬Ir-jvS-amWv. ssZhw F√mImeØpw kz¥w ]hm-N-I-∑m¿°p \evInb bYm¿Y ⁄m\-am-WnXv. CtX⁄m\hpwsIm≠mWv BZn-]n-Xm-hmb BZw(A) BK-X-\m-bXv. CtX⁄m\-amWv C_vdmlow, aqkm, Cukm(A) XpS-ßnb ]hm-N-I-∑m¿°v\evI-s∏- n-cp-∂Xv. CtX ⁄m\-Øns‚ shfn-®hpwsIm≠mWv HSp-hn¬ apl-ΩZv\_n(k)bpw BK-X-\m-bXv. CXv X\n-a-bm¿∂ ⁄m\-amWv˛ A⁄-X-bpsS Ie¿∏n-√mØ ⁄m\w. ]hm-N-I-∑m¿°v \evI-s∏´ Cu ⁄m\-Øn¬\n∂pw apJw Xncn®pIf-™-XmWv P\-ßƒ _lp-ssZh hnizm-k-Ønepw hnKl ]qP-bnepw Ahn-izm-k-Ønepw AI-s∏´p t]mb-Xns‚tlXp. Cu sNdp-hm-Iy-Øn¬ FX henb bmYm¿Yy-am-W-¥¿ -hn-®n- p-≈-sX∂v t\m°pI:

1. ZnhyXz hn`m-h\:- AXn-hn-im-e-amb Cu _lvam-fi-I-Sm-l-Øns‚DZv`h˛]cn-Wm-a-ß-sf-°p-dn®p Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ \ΩpsS akvXnjv°wXf¿∂pt]mIp∂p. Cu ]]©w \ap-°-⁄m-X-amb Imew apX¬ Nen-®p-Xp-S-ßn-bn- p≠v. \ap-°-⁄m-X-am-b -Imew hsc Nen®psIm≠n-cn-°p-IbpwsNøpw. CXn¬ A‰-an-√mØ krjvSn-Iƒ P\n-°p∂p. A\p-\n-anjw \S∂psIm≠n-cn-°p∂ AZv`p-X-ßƒ a\p-jy-_p-≤nsb kw`-an-∏n-°p∂p. Aß-s\-bp≈ Cu ]]-©-Øn¬ ssZh-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-h∂v Nne KpW-hn-ti-j-ßƒ IqSntb Xocq: Ah≥ ÿe-Ime ]cn-[n-Iƒ°-Xo-X\pw imiz-X\pwBibw Bh-iy-an-√m-Ø-h\pw k¿h-i-‡\pw alm-bp-‡n-am\pw Bbn-cn-°Ww; Ah≥ k¿h-Ønepw tase Bbn-cn-°Ww; Xs‚ B⁄-Iƒ ewLn-°m≥ H∂n\pw km[n-°mØ hn[w koam-Xo-X-amb ]m]vXn-bp-≈-h-\m-IWw;kI-e-hn[ Ign-hp-I-fp-sSbpw DS-a-ÿ-\m-bn-cn-°Ww; ka-kvX-tem-I-Øn-sebpw kIe Poh-Pm-e-ßƒ°pw PohnX kma-Kn-Iƒ FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂-h-\m-bn-cn-°Ww; kIe hn[ \yq\-X-I-fn¬\n∂pw ]cn-ip-≤-\m-bn-cn-°Ww; Xs‚ ]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ bmsXmcp kzm[o-\hpw sNep-Øp-hm≥ a‰m-scbpw A\p-h-Zn-°m-Ø-h\pw.

2. C∏-d™ ZnhyXz KpW-ß-sf√mw Hcp i‡n-bn¬Xs∂ ktΩ-fn-®n-cn-°Ww. c≠m-kvXn-Iy-ßƒ Ah ka-ambn hoXn-s®-Sp-°pI Xotc Akw- -hy-amWv. ImcWw, F√m-‰nepw D]-cn-bm-b-h\pw F√m-‰n\pw ta¬ A[n-Imcw\S-Øp-∂-h-\p-ambn Hcmtf D≠m-Imhq. Znhy-Xz-Kp-W-ßƒ ]e ssZh-ß-fn¬ hn -Pn-°-s∏-SpI F∂Xpw kw -hy-a√. ImcWw, hn[n-I¿Ømhv Hcp-h\pw k¿h-⁄≥ as‰m-cp-Ø\pw A∂-Zm-Xmhv aq∂m-a-sXm-cp-h\pw Bbm¬Hmtcm ssZh-Øn\pw at‰ ssZhsØ Bi-bn-t°-≠n-hcpw. Cu ssZh-ßƒ]c-kv]cw kl-I-cn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ ]]©w H‰-b-Sn°v \mi-a-S-bp-IbpwsNøpw. ZnhyXz KpW-ßƒ ssZh-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw ssIam-dpI˛ Hcp KpWwHcn-°¬ Hcp ssZh-Øn¬, AtX KpWw as‰m-cn-°¬ as‰mcp ssZh-

70 CkvemwaXw

Øn¬˛F∂Xpw Akw- mhyw. ImcWw, kzbw \ne-\n-ev°m-\m-hmØ ssZhwFßs\ Cu ]]-©sØ \ne-\n¿Øpw? kz¥w ZnhyXzw A]-l-cn-°-s∏´pt]mhp-∂Xv XS-bm≥ sIev]n-√mØ ssZhw Fß-s\-bmWv Cu ]]-©sØkwc-£n-°pI? AXn-\m¬, Znhy-Xz-Kp-W-ßƒ Hcm-kvXn-Iy-Øn¬ amXwktΩ-fn-®n-cn-t°-≠Xv AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-amWv.

3. Cu Znhy-Xz-hn-`m-h\ apºn¬sh®v ]]-©-Øn-te-s°m∂v ItÆm-Sn®p t\m°q. ]]©-Ønse GsX-¶n-ep-samcp hkvXp Cu Znhy-Xz-Kp-W-ßƒ kzmb-Ø-am-°n-bn- pt≠m? Hcn-°-ep-an√. ]]-©-Ønse apgp-h≥ hkvXp-°fpw ]cm-ibw th≠-hbpw A\y-h-kvXp-°-fm¬ \nb-¥n-°-s∏-Sp∂hbp-amWv. Ah D≠m-Ip∂p; \in-°p∂p. P\n-°p∂p; acn-°p∂p. H∂n-s‚bpwAhÿ kpÿn-c-a√. kzbw ]h¿Øn-°m-\p≈ i‡n H∂n-\p-an√. \n›nX\nb-a-ßƒs°-Xn-cmbn Nen-°p-hm≥ H∂n\pw km[y-a√. Ah-sbm∂pw ssZh-a√. ImcWw, Znhy-Xz-Øns‚ IWnI t]mepw H∂n-ep-an√. Ahbv°v Znhy-Xz-Øn¬ ]¶p-an√. CXmWv ]cn-ip≤ hmIy-Ønse BZy- m-K-amb ""emC-eml''(Hcp ssZh-hp-an√)F∂XpsIm≠p≈ hnh£.

4. Ct∏mƒ, ]]-©-Ønse kIe hkvXp-°-fn¬\n∂pw Znhy-XzsØ\nt»jw FSp-Øp-I-f™p. C\n \mw kΩ-Xn-t°-≠Xv F√m-‰n\p-ap-]cn Hcm-kvXn-Iy-ap-s≠∂pw Znhy-Xz-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ KpW-ßfpw Ah-\n¬ amXwktΩ-fn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂pw Ah-s\m-gnsI thsd Hcp ssZh-hp-an-s√∂pwBWv. CXmWv""C√-√mlp''hne-S-ßnb Bibw. CXtX G‰hpw henb⁄m\w. Kth-j-W-\n-co-£-W-ßƒ Gsd-tbsd \S-Øp-t¥mdpw ⁄m\-Øns‚ BZy-_n-µphpw A¥y-_n-µphpw ""C√-√mlp''F∂ kXyw amX-am-sW∂v \ap°v t_m[y-amhpw. ]]© bmYm¿Yy-ßƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn-∂p≈ imkvX-hn-⁄m-\o-b-ß-fnse GXp imJ-bn¬ Kth-jWw \S-Øn-bmepw˛AXv ]Ir-Xn-im-kvXtam, ck-X-¥tam tPymXn-xim-kvXtam, `qan-im-kvXtam, Poh-im-kvXtam BIs´˛Kth-jWw ]ptcm-K-an-°p-t¥mdpw,""em Ceml C√-√mlp''hns‚ kXym-hÿ kqcy-]-Imiw t]mse sX-fn™pImWp-Ibpw AXn-ep≈ hnizmkw IqSp-X¬ ZrV-am-hp-Ibpw sNøpw. amX-a√, Cu kXyw \ntj-[n®p Ign-™m¬ ]ns∂, ]]-©-Ønse kIehkvXp-°fpw A¿Y-iq-\yhpw ]tbm-P-\-c-ln-X-hp-am-sW∂v imkvXob Kth-j-W-Ønse Hmtcm Im¬sh-∏nepw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw.

GIssZh hnizm-k-Øns‚ ^e-ßƒ

""em Ceml C√√m''AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂Xp aqew Pohn-X-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-Øo-cp∂ kZv^-e-ß-tfh? AXv \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ a\p-jy≥ Cl-tem-IØpw ]c-tem-IØpw A[-a\pw ]cm-Pn-X-\p-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-sX-¥p-sIm≠v?

1. hnip-≤ -hmIyw a\p-jys\ hnim-e-a-\-kvI-\m-°p∂p. ImcWw, BIm-i-`q-an-I-fpsS kjvSmhpw k¿h-tem-I-ß-fp-sSbpw DS-a-ÿ\pw ]cn-]m-e-I\pamb Hcp ssZh-Øn-em-W-h≥ hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv. Cu hnizm-k-Øn\vtijw ]]-©-Øn-ep≈ bmsXm∂pw Ah∂v A\y-ambn tXm∂p-I-bn√.Xs‚bpw as‰√m hkvXp-°-fp-sSbpw c£n-Xmhv Hcm-fm-sW∂pw Xß-sf-sb√mw Htc bP-am-\s‚ Zmk-∑mcpw Htc cmPm-hns‚ ]P-I-fp-am-sW∂pwAbmƒ a\- n-em-°p∂p. Ahs‚ A\p- m-hhpw A\p-I-ºbpw kl-Xm-]hpw


kvt\lhpw tkh-\hpw k¶p-NnX ho£-W-tØm-sS-bm-bn-cn-°n√. adn®v,Xm≥ hniz-kn-°p∂ ssZh-Øn-t‚Xp t]mse \n o-ahpw hnim-e-hp-am-bn-cn°pw. F∂m¬, Iptd sNdp-ssZ-h-ßƒ°v a\p-jy-t‚Xp t]mep≈ ]cn-an-Xhpw A]q¿W-hp-amb KpW-ßƒ k¶-ev]n-°p-∂-h¿°v B hnim-e-ho-£Ww Dƒs°m-≈m-\m-hn√. Hcp ssZh-\n-tj-[n°pw AXp-≠m-hn√.

2. hnip≤ hmIyw a\p-jys\ Bflm- n-am-\n-bm-°p∂p. ImcWw, Ah≥hniz-kn-®n-cn-°p∂ ssZhw kIe i‡n-I-fp-sSbpw DS-a-ÿ-\mWv. Pohn-∏n-°p-Ibpw acn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-h-\mWv; em -\-jvS-ß-tf-ev]n-°p-∂-h-\mWv. kzm[o-\hpw A[n-Im-c-hp-sa√mw Ah∂v amX-amWv. Cu hnizmkwssZh-sam-gn-®p≈ kIe hkvXp-°-fn¬\n∂pw Abmsf kzmi-b\pw \n¿ -b-\p-am-°p∂p. Abm-fpsS inc v krjvSn-Iƒ°p apºn¬ Ip\n-bp-I-bn√.ssIIƒ A\y-cpsS apºn-te°v \ofp-I-bn√. a\- n¬ BtcmSpw `b- -‡n-_-lp-am-\-ßƒ \nd-bp-I-bn√. F∂m¬, Hcp _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-bp-sStbmAhn-izm-kn-bp-sStbm \mkvXn-I-s‚tbm Ah-ÿ-sb-¥mWv? Ah¿ krjvSn-I-fpsS apºn¬ Xe Ip\n-°p∂p. Ah-cn¬\n∂v c£ ]Xo-£n-°p∂p. Ah-cpsS tIm]w `b-s∏-Sp∂p.

3. hnip-≤- hmIyw a\p-jys\ hn\-bm-\zn-X-\m-°p∂p. Al-¶mcwAbmsf kv]¿in-°p-Itb C√. kz¥w Ign-hp-Iƒ Abmsf h©n-X-\m-°p-I-bn√. Xs‚ i‡n-bp-sStbm kº-Øn-s‚tbm tbmKy-X-bp-sStbm t]cn-ep≈ \mSytam Alw-`m-htam Abm-fpsS a\- n¬ ÿew ]nSn-°n√.ImcWw, Xt‚-Xm-b-sX√mw ssZh-Øns‚ Zm\-am-sW-∂mWv Abm-fpsShnizmkw. Ah \evInb ssZhw Xncn-s®-Sp-°m\pw Ign-hp-≈-h-\m-sW-∂-bmƒ°-dnbmw. F∂m¬, Hcp ssZh-\n-tj-[n-bpsS ÿnXntbm? h√ tbmKy-Xbpw ssIh-∂m-ep-S≥ Abmƒ Al-¶m-cn-bmbn amdp∂p. Xs‚ tib- p-I-sf√mw kz¥w Ign-hp-sIm≠v t\Sn-b-Xm-sW-∂-bmƒ Icp-Xp∂p. _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ A\n-hmcy ê-am-W-l-¶mcw. ImcWw, ssZh-ßfpwtZh-X-I-fp-ambn A\y¿°n-√mØ ]tXy-I-_‘w Xßƒ°p-s≠∂v Ah¿DZvtLm-jn-°p∂p!

4. hnip-≤- hm-Iy-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw a\p-jy∂v Bfl-ip≤n ssIh-cp-Øp-Ibpw kXvI¿a-ßƒ°v t]cW \evIp-Ibpw sNøp∂p. PohnX hnP-b-Øn\v Ah-b-√msX a‰p t]mwhgn-I-fn-s√∂v Abmƒ a\- n-em-°p∂p.ImcWw, Xm≥ hniz-kn-°p∂ ssZhw Bcp-sSbpw Bibw Bh-iy-an-√m-Ø-h-\mWv; BtcmSpw ]tXyI _‘-an-√m-Ø-h-\mWv; \njv]-£\pw\nkzm¿Yn-bp-amWv; \oXn-am-\mWv. ]c-a-i-‡-\mWv. Znhy-Xz-Øn¬ a‰m¿°pwHcp ]¶pw A\p-h-Zn-°m-Ø-h-\mWv. AXn-\m¬, Bfl-ip-≤nbpw k¬°¿a-hp-a-√msX, Xs‚ c£°pw hnP-b-Øn\pw a‰p hgn-I-fn√. F∂m¬, _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw Ahn-izm-kn-I-sfbpw hymP-]-Xo-£-Ifpw hymtam-l-ß-fp-amWv \bn-°p-∂Xv. ssZh-]p-X-∑m¿ Xßƒ°mbn kzbw _en-b¿∏n-°p-sa-∂mWv Nne-cpsS hnizmkw. a‰p Nne¿, Xßƒ ssZh-Øns‚ ]nb-s∏- -hcpw ASpØ _‘p-°-fp-am-sW∂v Icp-Xp∂p. AXn-\m¬, Hcn-°epwssZhw Xßsf in£n-°p-I-bn√. alm-flm-°ƒ Xßƒ°p th≠n ssZh-tØmSv ip]m¿i sNøp-sa-∂mWv thsd Nne-cpsS hnizmkw. tZh-X-Iƒ°vNne hgn-]m-Sp-Iƒ sImSp-Øm¬ ]ns∂ F¥pw ]h¿Øn-°p-hm-\p≈

72 CkvemwaXw

ssek≥kmbn F∂mWv thsd Nne-cpsS [mcW. ]m]-ß-fnepw ZpjvI¿a-ß-fnepw AI-s∏-SpI amX-amWv CØcw hymP-hn-izm-k-ß-fpsS ew. AhBfl-ip-≤o-I-c-W-Øn¬\n∂pw k¬°¿a-ß-fn¬\n∂pw i≤ Xncn-®p-hn-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. \mkvXn-I-cm-Is´, kz¥w ZpjvIr-Xy-ßsf tNmZyw sNøp∂Hcm-kvXn-Iy-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-t∂-bn√. X∂n-anØw k¿h-X-¥-kz-X-¥-cmWv Xßsf∂-h¿ Icp-Xp∂p. tZtl-—-I-fm-W-h-cpsS ssZh-ßƒ. Ah¿Ah-bpsS Zmk-∑mcpw.

5. hnip≤ hmIyw a\p-jy∂v Bibpw ]Xo-£bpw \evIp∂p. \ncmiAhs\ _m[n-°p-Itb C√. ImcWw, ]]-©-Ønse k¿h- -fim-c-ß-fp-sSbpw DS-a-ÿ-\mWv Ah≥ hniz-kn-°p∂ ssZhw. Ah≥ k¿h-⁄\pwHuZm-cy-hm\pw k¿h-i-‡-\p-amWv. Cu hnizmkw Ah∂v Akm-[m-c-W-amb a\x-im-¥nbpw kwXr-]vXnbpw ]Zm\w sNøp∂p. Ahs‚ lrZ-b-Øn¬kZm ]Xym-i-Ifpw ]Xo-£-Ifpw \nd-™n-cn°pw. kIe Ihm-S-ßfpw sImń-b-S-bv-°-s∏- mepw PohnX am¿K-ßƒ Hs∂m-∂mbn \jvS-s∏- mepw ssZhwXs∂ ssIsbm-gn-°n√. ssZh-Øns‚ HuZm-cy-Ønepw i‡n-bnepw hnizm-k-a¿∏n-®p-sIm≠v ]pXnb ]Xo-£-I-tfmsS, ]Xym-i-I-tfmsS Abmƒ A[zm-\n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw. Cu a\x-im¥n ]Zm\w sNøp-hm≥ ssZh-hn-izm-k-Øn-∂√msX km[y-a√. Ahn-izm-kn-I-fm-Is´ Akz-ÿ-Nn-Ø-cm-bn-cn°pw. Ah¿icWw ]m]n-°p-∂Xv _e-lo-\-amb AkvXn-Xz-ß-fn-emWv. X∑qew B]-Øp-Iƒ Ahsc \ncm-i-bn-emgvØpw. êtam, ]e-t∏mgpw Bfl-l-Xybpw.*

6. hnip≤ hmIy-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw a\p-jy-\n¬, a\-°-cpØv, ZrV-\n-›bw, ÿnc-Nn-ØX, kl\w, Bflm¿∏Ww XpS-ßnb \nc-h[n KpW-ßƒ D÷o-hn-∏n-°p∂p. ssZh]oXn ap≥\n¿Øn al-XvIr-Xy-ßƒ°mbnHcp-ßn-∏p-d-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ ssZh-Øns‚ A]m-c-i‡n Xs‚ ]n∂n-ep-s≠∂ASn-bp-d® hnizmkw Ahs‚ a\- n-ep-≠m-bn-cn°pw. Cu hnizmkw ]¿h-X-k-am-\-amb Dd∏pw ssÿcyhpw Ah-\n¬ krjvSn-°p∂p. Hcp i‡n°pwAhs\ ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°p-hm≥ km[y-amhn√. Hc-hn-izm-kn°v Cu i‡n Fhn-S∂v e`n-°m-\mWv?

* ss\cmiyw Df-hm-°p∂ AXn-Zm-cp-W-amb Ah-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®v Htc-I-tZi NnXw e`n-°m≥an. tImfn≥ hn¬k≥ cNn® 'THE OUTSIDE' F∂ IrXn t\m°pI.

C∆n-jb-Øn¬ s]m. tPmUns‚ A\p- h --km-£yhpw it≤-b-amWv. ]m›m-Xy-sc-°p-dn®vAt±lw Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Ncn-X-Øn¬ BZy-ambn kvXo ]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS Hcp ]pXnb Xe-apd cwK-]-thiw sNbvXn-cn-°p∂p. Ah¿°v aX-an√; aX-Øns‚ Bh-iy-hp-an√. aXsØXo¿Øpw Ah-K-Wn-°p-∂-Xn¬ kwXr-]vX-cm-W-h¿. X∂n-anØw Ah¿°v a\x-k-am-[m\w\jvS-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p. Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ Bfl-l-Xy-bpsS A\p-]mXw Akm-[m-cWamw hn[wh¿[n-®n-cn-°-bmWv. =THE PRESENT AND FUTURE OF RELIGION=

Ckvem-anI temIsØ ÿnXn-b-dn-bm≥ Ckvem-an-t\mSv AX-sbm∂pw aa-X-bn-√mØ Hc-apkvenw Ncn-X-Im-cs‚ A`n-]m-b-ßƒ Xs∂-sb-Sp°mw: ""k¿hm-Xn-im-bn-bmb Hcp i‡n-bpsS A¥na Xo¿∏n-ep≈ D¬°-S-amb hnizm-k-apƒs°m-≈p∂ hn´p-ho-gvN-bn-√mØ GI-ssZ-h-hm-Z-amWv Ckvem-ans‚ k¿h-i-‡n°pw \nZm-\-am-bn- p-≈Xv. A\y-a-X-ÿ¿°-]-cn-Nn-X-amb A¿∏W at\m`m-hhpw a\- w-Xr-]vXnbpw Ckvem-ans‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ A\p- -hn-°p∂p. apkvenw \mSp-I-fn¬ Bfl-lXy hfsc hnc-f-amWv.

PHILIP. K. HITTY, HISTORY OF ARABS, 1951, P. 129 -

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv


7. hnip≤ hmIy-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw a\p-jys\ [oc-\m-°n-Øo¿°p∂p.c≠p Imcy-ß-fmWv a\p-jys\ òcp-hm-°p-∂Xv. Poh≥, kºØv, `mcym-k-¥m-\-ßƒ F∂n-h-tbm-Sp≈ kvt\l-am-sWm∂v. a\p-jys\ acn-∏n-°p-hm≥Ign-hp≈ ssZth-Xc i‡n-Iƒ Ds≠∂pw a\p-jy∂v kzbw ac-WsØadn-I-S-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂pap≈ hnizm-k-amWv c≠m-a-tØXv. Cu c≠v [mc-W-I-sfbpw hnip≤ hmIy-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw Xncp-Øp∂p. hnizm-knsbkw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Xs‚ Poh\pw [\hpw `mcym-k-¥m-\-ßfpw ssZh-Z-Ø-amWv. ssZh-am-W-h-bpsS DSa. Ah ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ _en Ign-°p-hm≥ Abmƒ kZm k∂-≤-\m-bn-cn°pw. ac-W`bw, hnizm-kn°v H´pw D≠m-hn√. ImcWw, h√ i‡n-Iƒt°m hkvXp-°ƒt°m P¥p-°ƒt°m Xs∂sIm√m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂ hnizm-k-a-bmƒ°n√. AXn\p≈ A[n-Im-chpw IgnhpwssZh-Øn\v amX-amWv. Hmtcm Pohn-bp-sSbpw ac-W-Øn\v ssZhw \n›-bn® Hcp ka-b-ap≠v. AXn\p apºmbn AXns\ sIm√m≥ temI-Øp≈apgp-h≥ i‡n-Ifpw H∂n®v ian-®mepw km[y-am-hn√. CXm-W-bm-fpsShnizmkw. hnizm-kn-I-sf-°mƒ henb [oc-∑m¿ temI-Øn-√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂XvAXp-sIm-≠mWv. JUvK-ßfpw sj√p-Ifpw t_mw_p-h¿j-ßfpw Ah-cpsSapºn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp∂p. ssZhnI am¿K-Øn¬, Xß-sf-°mƒ ]Øn-cńi‡nbpw kwJym-_-e-hp-ap≈ ssk\y-hyq-l-ß-sf-t∏mepw Ah¿ Xpc-Øn-tbm-Sn°pw. _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ°pw Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ°pw \mkvXn-I¿°pw Cu i‡n Fhn-S∂p In´m≥? Ah¿°v kz¥w Poh≥ k¿thm-]cnhne-s∏- -Xm-bn-cn°pw. iXp-°-tfm-sSm∏w ac-Whpw hcp-sa∂pw iXp-°-f-I-∂p-t]m-bm¬ ac-Whpw AI-∂p-t]m-hp-sa-∂pam-W-h-cpsS hnNmcw!

8. hnip-≤- hm-Iy-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw D≈-Xn¬ Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-hm≥ a\p-jys\ t]cn-∏n-°p∂p. A\y-cpsS t\sc sImXn-tbmsS t\m°p-I-bn√,Abmƒ. AXym¿Øn, Akqb XpS-ßnb ZpjvS hnIm-c-ß-fn¬\n∂v Abm-fpsS a\ v ]cn-ip-≤-am-bn-cn°pw. Hcp Imcyw t\Sm≥ \njn-≤hpw \oN-hp-amb am¿K-ßƒ ssIs°m-≈p-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn® Nn¥-t]mepw Abm-fn-ep-Zn-°n√. Blmcw ssZh-Z-Ø-amWv; Ah-\n-—n-°p∂ Nne¿°v Ah-\Xv IW-°‰v \evIpw; Nne¿°v IW-°m-°nbpw. i‡nbpw tib pw ÿm\hpw]Z-hn-bp-w A[n-Im-c-hp-sa√mw ssZh-Øns‚ A[o-\-Øn-emWv. Xs‚ C—bpwbp‡n-bp-a-\p-k-cn®v ssZh-aXv ]Zm\w sNøp∂p. ]cn-i-an-°pI F∂-XmWvXs‚ tPmen. hnP-b-]-cm-P-b-ßƒ ssZh-Øns‚ Imcp-WysØ Bi-bn-®n-cn-°p∂p. Ah≥ \evIp-hm-\p-t±-in-°p∂ ]£w temI-Ønse Hcp i‡n°pwAXp XS-bpI km[y-a√. XS-bm-\p-t±-in-®m¬ Xcm\pw B¿°p-am-hn√˛CXmWv hnip≤ hmIyw AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ Hcm-fpsS hnizmkw. F∂m¬,_lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-Ifpw Ahn-izm-kn-Ifpw \mkvXn-I-cp-am-Is´, Xß-fpsShnPb ]cm-P-b-ßƒ kz¥w ]cn-i-a-sØbpw uXnI i‡n-I-sfbpw Bi-bn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂v sX‰n-≤-cn-°p∂p. X≥aqew Ah¿ hymtam-l-ßƒ°pwAXym¿Øn-Iƒ°pw hiw-h-Z-cm-bn-Øo-cp∂p. Imcyw t\Sm≥ ssI°qen, apJ-kvXpXn, h©\ XpSßn GXv \nIr-jvS-am¿Khpw Ah¿ ssIs°m≈pw.A\y-cpsS hnP-b-Øn-ep≈ Akqb \nanØw Ah-cpsS a\ v kZm ]pI-™p-sIm-≠n-cn°pw. a‰p-≈-hsc XI¿°m≥ FX \oNhpw arKo-b-hp-ambam¿K-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°m\pw Ah¿ aSn-Im-Wn-°n√.

74 CkvemwaXw

9. hnip≤ hmIy-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw a\p-jys\ ssZhnI \nb-a-ßƒ°vhnt[-b-\m-°n-Øo¿°p∂p. CXmWv hnizm-k-Øns‚ G‰hpw al-Ømbêw. ssZhw F√m cl-ky-ßfpw ]c-ky-ß-fp-a-dn-bp∂p; Ah≥ Xt∂mSvkz¥w Poh-\m-Un-sb-°m-f-Sp-ØmWv; GIm-¥-X-bntem \nim-‘-Im-c-Øns‚ad-hntem sNøp∂ GXp cl-ky-hr-Ønbpw ssZh-a-dn-bp∂p; lrZ-bm-¥-cm-f-Øn-sem-fn-®p-sh-°p∂ hnNmc hnIm-c-ßƒ t]mepw ssZh-Øn-¶-se-Øp∂p.kIe krjvSn-I-fn¬\n∂pw ad-®p-sh-°m-hp-∂-hbn-sem-∂p-t]mepw ssZh-Øn¬\ns∂m-fn-∏n-°m-\m-hn√; ssZh-Øns‚ `c-Wm-Xn¿Øn-bn¬\n∂v c£-s∏-t´m-SpI km[y-a√. k¿h-cp-sSbpw ]nSn-Ø-Øn¬\n∂v tamN\w t\Smw.]t£, ssZh-Øns‚ ]nSn-Ø-Øn¬\n∂v tamN-\-an√. CXmWv hnip-≤ -hm-Iy-Øns‚ Xm¬]cyw. Cu hnizmkw FX-I≠v CuSp-‰-Xm-Ip-∂pthm AX-I≠v a\p-jy≥ ssZh-im-k-\-I-f-\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Bthiw sIm≈p-∂-XmWv. ssZhw \ntcm-[n® kwK-Xn-I-tfmSv ASp-°m≥ t]mepw Abmƒ ss[cy-s∏-Sp-I-bn√. \nim-‘-Im-c-Øns‚ GIm-¥-Xbnepw Ah≥ ssZhnI imk-\-Iƒ \n¿hnLv\w \n¿h-ln°pw. ImcWw, Hcp \nanjw t]mepwhn´pt]mImØ Hcp Xcw cl-ky-t∏m-eo-kp-Im-cp≠v, Abm-tfm-sSm∏w. Hcp\oXn-\ym-b-t°m-S-Xn-sb-°p-dn® oXn kZm Abmsf Ae- n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p.B tImS-Xn-bpsS "hmd≠n'¬\n∂v HmSn c£-s∏-SpI Akm-[y-am-sW-∂-bmƒ°-dnbmw. C°m-cWw sIm≠mWv apkvenw BIp-hm-\p≈ H∂m-asØ\n_-‘\ ]cn-ip-≤- hm-Iy-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-k-amWv F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv."apkven'ans‚ A¿Yw ssZh-tØmSv ]q¿W-ambpw A\p-k-c-W-ap≈ ASnaF∂mWv. GI-ssZ-h-a-√msX as‰m-cm-cm-[y-\p-an√ F∂v ZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°mØ Ime-tØmfw Ah∂v ssZh-tØmSv A\p-k-c-W-ap-≈-h-\m-bn-Øo-cpI km[y-a-√t√m.

apl-ΩZv\_n(k)bpsS A[ym-]-\-ß-fn¬ Cu GI-ssZh hnizmkwG‰hpw ]m[m-\y-a¿ln-°p-∂Xpw auen-I-hp-amWv. Ckvem-ans‚ tIµ-_n-µphpw A®p-X-≠p-am-WXv. AXns‚ F√m i‡n-I-fp-sSbpw Dd-hn-S-hp-a-XmWv.AXns‚ BZ¿i hnizm-k-ßfpw \nb-a-im-k-\-Ifpw ]Sp-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂XvB hnizm-k-Øn-t∑-emWv. AtX A®p-X-≠n-t∑-emWv Ah-sb√mw Id-ßp-∂Xv. AtX tIµ-_n-µp-hn¬\n∂mWv AXn\v i‡n e`n-°p-∂Xv. AXns\Xń-\o-°n-bm¬ ]ns∂ ""Ckvemw'' F∂ H∂n√.

ae-°p-I-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw

GIssZh hnizm-k-Øn\p tijw apl-ΩZv\_n(k) hniz-kn-°p-hm-\m-⁄m-]n® c≠m-asØ Imcyw ae-°p-I-fn-ep≈ hnizm-k-amWv. _lp-ssZhhnizm-k-Øns‚ Ie¿∏n¬\n∂v GI-ssZ-h-hn-izmkw kwip-≤-am-bn-Øo-cp-sa-∂-Xm-Wn-Xns‚ ][m-\- ew.

c≠p-Xcw krjvSn-I-sf-bmWv _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ Znhy-Xz-Øn¬]¶p-tN¿Øn- p-≈Xv. H∂v: ÿqe ico-c-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb krjvSn-Iƒ˛ kqcy≥,Nµ≥, \£-X-ßƒ, A·n, sh≈w, a\p-jy≥ apX-em-bh. c≠v: PUm-kvXn-Xz-an-√mØ AZr-iy-i-‡n-Iƒ˛Im‰-Sn-∏n-°p-∂h, ag s]øn-°p-∂h,]Imiw \evIp-∂h XpS-ßn-bh. BZy-hn- m-K-Øn¬s∏- h Zriy-h-kvXp-°-fm-b-Xn-\m¬, Ah-bpsS ZnhyXzw ]cn-ip≤ hmIyw-sIm≠v Xs∂- XnckvI-


cn°mw. c≠m-asØ hn`m-K-Øn¬ s]´h AZr-iym-kvXn-Xz-ß-fmWv. AØcwAkvXn-Xz-ß-sf-bmWv _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ an°-hmdpw ]nSn-Iq-Sn-bn- p-≈Xv. Ah-sb-°p-dn-®mWv Ah¿ ssZh-ß-sf∂pw tZh-X-I-sf∂pw ssZh-k-¥m-\-ß-sf∂pw [cn®phim-bn-cn-°p-∂Xpw. Ah-bpsS k¶-ev]-cq-]-ß-fp-≠m°n Ah¿ ]qP-Ifpw hgn-]m-Sp-Ifpw \S-Øp∂p. X∂n-anØw _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ Cu c≠mw C\-Øn¬\n∂pw GI-ssZ-h-kn-≤m-¥sØ]cn-c-£n-°p-hm≥ hnizm-k-]-c-amb Hcp ]tXyI kwKXn \n¿tZ-in-®n-cn-°-bmWv.

Cu hnj-b-I-ambn apl-ΩZv\_n(k)bpsS A[ym-]\w C]-Im-c-amWv:tZh-X-Ifpw ssZ-h-ßfpw ssZh-k-¥m-\-ß-fp-ambn sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏-Sp∂ CuAZriy ]Xn-`m-k-ßƒ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ ae-°p-I-fmWv.Ah¿°v Znhy-Xz-Øn¬ Hcp ]¶p-an√. Ah-sc√mw ssZh-Øns‚ B⁄m-\p-h¿Øn-Iƒ amX-amWv. ssZh-im-k-\-I-fn¬\n∂v Aev]w t]mepw hyXn-N-en-°pI Ah¿°v km[y-a√. Ah¿ aptJ-\-bmWv ssZhw ]]-©-am-Ip∂Xs‚ kmamPyw cn-°p-∂Xv. Ah-cm-Is´ ssZh-im-k-\-Iƒ k\n-jvI¿jw\nd-th-‰p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. kzbw h√Xpw sNøp-hm-\-h¿ i‡-c√. kz¥wi‡n-]-tbm-Kn®v ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ h√Xpw Bh-iy-s∏-Sm\pw Ah¿°vIgn-bn√. h√-h¿°pwth≠n ssZh-tØmSv ip]m¿i-sN-øm-\p-am-hn√. a\p-jy¿ Ahsc Bcm-[n-°p-∂Xpw Ah-tcmSv klm-b-a¿Yn-°p-∂Xpw FXbpwe÷m-h-l-amWv. ImcWw, BZy-L- -Øn¬Øs∂ ssZhw Ah-sc-s°m≠va\p-jy-]n-Xm-hmb BZ-ans‚ apºn¬ kmjvSmwKw \an-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn.Ah¿°v \evImØ ⁄m\w BZ-an\v \evIn. `qan-bnse ]mXn-\n[yw BZ-an\v \evIn. F∂n-cns°, ae-°p-Iƒ apºv BcpsS apºn¬ kmjvSmwKw\an-®pthm B a\p-jy≥ C∂v Ah-cpsS apºn¬ kmjvSmwKw \an-°p-Ibpw`b- -‡n-tbmsS Ah-tcmSv ssI\o- n-bn-c-°p-I-bp-am-sW-¶n¬ AXn¬ ]cwlo\Xzw as‰-¥p≠v?

Hcp hiØv ae-°p-Isf Bcm-[n-°p-∂Xpw Ahsc Znhy-Xz-Øn¬ ]¶m-fn-I-fm-°p-∂Xpw XS-bp-tºmƒ adp-h-iØv Xncp-ta\n(k) C]-Imcw Adn-bn-°p∂p: ae-°p-Iƒ ssZh-Øns‚ ]tXyI krjvSn-I-fmWv. Ah¿ ]m]-ß-fn¬\n∂v ]cn-ip-≤-cmWv. ssZh Iev]-\-Iƒ°v hncp-≤-ambn ]h¿Øn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ hn[-Øn-emWv Ah-cpsS krjvSn∏vXs∂. Ah¿ kZmssZhm-cm-[-\-bnepw Zmky-hr-Øn-bnepw \nc-X-cmWv. Ah-cn¬\n∂v ]tXyIwsXc-s™-SpØ Hcp ae-°p≠v˛ Pn_vco¬. ssZhw ]hm-N-I-∑m¿°v Xs‚\n¿tZi-ßƒ FØn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-∂Xv B ae°v aptJ-\-bmWv. ae-°p-I-fn¬ Nne¿ kZm \nß-fpsS IqsS-bp≠v. \nß-fpsS k¬°¿a-ßfpw ZpjvI¿a-ßfpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-W-h-cpsS tPmen. kIe a\p-jy-cp-sSbpw Pohn-X-dn-°m-Up-Iƒ Ah¿ kq£n-°p∂p. ac-Wm-\-¥cw \nßƒ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cm-Ip-tºmƒ Ah¿ B tcJ-Iƒ ka¿∏n-°p-∂-XmWv. \nßƒPohn-X-Øn¬ sNbvX kIe I¿a-ßfpw AXn¬ tcJ-s∏-´p-In-S-°p-∂Xv\nßƒ°p ImWmw.

ae-°p-I-fpsS kØm bmYm¿Yyw \ap°v Adn-bn®pX∂n- n√. KpW-ßƒamXta \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-®n- p≈q. Ah-cpsS BkvXn-Iy-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°m≥\tΩmSv B⁄m-]n-®n-cn-°p∂p. ae-°p-Iƒ Fß-s\-bmWv, Fß-s\-b√

76 CkvemwaXw

Fs∂m∂pw Adn-bp-hm-\p≈ hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-amb Hcp am¿Khpw \ΩpsSapºn-en√. AXn-\m¬, Ah-cpsS kØ-sb-°p-dn®v mh\m krjvS-amb Imcy-ßƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv hnUvVn-Ø-amWv. F∂m¬, Ah-cpsS BkvXn-IysØ\ntj-[n-°m\pw ]‰n√. AXv ""Ip^vdm''Wv. \ntj-[n-°m-\p≈ bmsXmcpsXfnhpw B¿°pw e`n-®n-ń√. \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n(k) hymP-\mWv F∂mWv. ae-°p-I-fn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv Xs∂, kXy-]-hm-N-I≥ Ah-sc-°p-dn®v Adnhv \evIp-Ibpw Ah-cn¬ hniz-kn-°m≥B⁄m-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xp-sIm≠v amX-amWv.

ssZh-K-Ÿ-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkw

apl-ΩZv\_n(k) hniz-kn-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in® aq∂m-asØ Imcyw ssZhnIKŸ-ß-fmWv. ssZhw Xs‚ ]hm-N-I-∑m¿°v \evInb hnip≤ KŸ-ßƒ.apl-ΩZv\_n°v ssZhw Jp¿-B≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n-®-t]mse ap≥ ]hm-N-I-∑m¿°pw Ah≥ KŸ-ß-fn-d-°n-bn-cp∂p. Ah-bn¬ Nne- K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS t]cp-Iƒ amXta \ap°v e`n-®n- p≈q. C_vdmlow\_n°v \evInb "kplv^pC_vdmlow', aqkm-\-_n°v \evInb "XudmØv', ZmhqZv \_n°v \evInb"k_q¿', Cukm-\-_n°v \evInb "C©o¬' F∂nh DZm-l-cWw. (Cu]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sS-sb√mw ta¬ ssZhm-\p-Klw h¿jn-°s´). a‰p ]hm-N-I-∑m¿°v e`n® KŸ-ß-fpsS t]cp-Iƒ \ap-°-dn-bn√. AXn-\m¬, at‰-sX-¶nepw aX-K-Ÿ-sØ-°p-dn®v AXv ssZh-Øn-s‚-bm-sWt∂m As√t∂mXo¿Øp]d-bp-hm≥ \ap°v \nhr-Øn-bn√. F∂m¬, ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂-h-Xo¿W-amb F√m KŸ-ßfpw kXy-am-sW∂v \mw s]mXp-hn¬ hniz-kn-t°-≠-Xm-Ip∂p.

ap≥sNm∂ KŸ-ß-fn¬ "kplv p C_vdmlow'C∂v temI-sØßpwC√. "XudmØv', "k_q¿', "C©o¬' F∂nh PqX-∑m-cp-sSbpw ssIkvX-h-cp-sSbpw ]°eps≠-¶nepw Ah-sbm∂pw Ah-bpsS km£m¬ cq]-Øn-e√.Ah-bnse ssZh hmIy-ßƒ am‰n-a-dn°-s∏- n- p-s≠∂pw P\-ßƒ kz¥whI-bmbn ]eXpw AXn¬ Iqń-t®¿Øn- p-s≠∂pw hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ \ap°vAdnhv X∂n- p≠v.*

km£m¬ ssZh KŸ-ßƒ Xß-fpsS ssIh-i-an-s√∂v PqXcpw ssI-kvX-hcpw Xs∂ kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p≠v. aqe KŸ-ß-fpsS ]cn- m-j-Iƒ amX-amWv Ah-cpsS ]°-ep-≈Xv. AXn¬ Xs∂ ]e-hn[ Xncp-Ø-ep-Ifpw \S-∂n- p≠v. C∂pw \S-°p∂p. Ah ]mcm-bWw sNbvXmtem, ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂m-bn-cn-°m≥ Hcn-°epw \nhr-Øn-bn-√mØ FXtbm kwK-Xn-Iƒ Ah-bn¬ ImWmw. AXn-\m¬, C∂v Ah-cpsS ]°-ep≈ KŸ-ßƒ bYm¿Y

* ss__vƒ ]gb \nb-a-Ønse BZysØ A[ym-b-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw ]pXnb \nb-a-Ønse \mevkphn-ti-j-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw H∂v ItÆm-Sn-®m¬ Ah a\p-jy-Ir-Xn-bm-sW∂v t_m[y-am-hp-∂-XmWv. Ah-bn¬ Zmho-Zns‚ km£m¬ Io¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ NneXpw InkvXp-hns‚ kphn-ti-j-ßfpw Ahn- -‡amw hn[w Dƒs°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p. ]gb \nb-a-Ønse BZysØ \mevA[ym-b-ß-fn¬ XudmØv amX-a√ D≈Xv. adn®v, Xudm-Øns‚ `mK-ßƒ a\p-jy-hym-Jym-\-ß-fp-ambn CS-I-e¿∂p \ne-sIm-≈p∂p. B IqSn-°p-g-b-en¬ bYm¿Y Znhy-k-tµiw\jvS-s∏´p t]mbn-cn-°-bmWv. AXp-t]mseXs∂ Cukm-bp-sS-sX∂v ]d-bp∂ \mev kphn-ti-j-ßƒ At±-l-Øn¬\n∂v Inńb km£m¬ kphn-ti-j-ß-f√. adn®v, ⁄m\hpw`n∂-[¿ahpw B[m-c-am°n hyXy-kvX-cmb \mem-fp-Iƒ kam-l-cn® InkvXp-hns‚ Poh-N-cn-X-amWv. km£m¬ kphn-ti-j-ß-fpsS GXm\pw `mK-ßfpw Ah-bn-ep-s≠∂v amXw.


ssZhnI KŸ-ß-f√. ssZh-hm-Iy-ß-fp-sSbpw a\p-jy-hm-Iy-ß-fp-sSbpw HcpaninXw amX-am-Wh. c≠pw th¿Xn-cn-®-dn-bp-hm-\p≈ Hcp am¿Khpw C∂n√.F¶n¬, ap≥K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-°m≥ ]hm-N-I≥ B⁄m-]n-®-Xns‚hnh-£-sb-¥m-bn-cn°pw? AXn-XmWv: hnip-≤-Jp¿-B∂p apºpw ssZhw Xs‚ktµiw ]hm-N-I-∑m¿ aptJ\ temI-P-\-X°v \evIn-bn-cp∂p; Ah-sb√mwXs∂ ]cn-ip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ Ah-X-cn-∏n® AtX ssZh-Øns‚ hm°p-I-fm-bn-cp∂p; hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ap≥-D-Zm-l-c-W-ß-fn-√mØ Hcp \qX\ KŸ-a√;adn®v, ap≥X-e-ap-d-Iƒ hnkva-cn®v If-bp-Itbm cq]m-¥cw hcp-Øp-Itbma\p-jym-i-b-ß-fp-ambn Ie¿Øp-Itbm sNbvX ssZhnI \n¿tZ-i-ßsf]p\¿Po-hn-∏n-°p-hm≥ h∂ KŸ-amWv.

hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ

hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ Ah-km-\sØ ssZhn-I-K-Ÿ-amWv. ap≥th-Z-K-Ÿ-ß-fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-tºmƒ Jp¿-B∂v ]e khn-ti-jX-IfpwImWmw.

1. ap≥K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ an°-Xn-s‚bpw bYm¿Y ]Xn-Iƒ \in®pt]mbn-cn-°p∂p. ]cn- m-j-Iƒ amX-amWv C∂v Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂Xv. F∂m¬, ]cn-ip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ AX-h-X-cn® AtX `mj-bnepw ]Z-ß-fn-ep-ambn X\n-a-tbmsSC∂pw temIØv ÿnXn-sN-øp∂p. AXn¬ Hc-£-c-Øn∂p t]mepw Hcpam‰hpw kw -hn-®n- n√.

2. ap≥K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ssZh-hm-Iy-ßƒs°m∏w P\-ßƒ kz¥w hmIy-ßfpw Iq´n-t®¿Øp. Htc KŸ-Øn¬Xs∂, ssZh-hm-Iy-ßfpw P\-X-bpsSNcn-Xhpw ]q¿hn-I-cpsS IY-Ifpw ]fin-X-cpsS hymJym-\-ßfpw I¿a-im-kvX-\n-b-a-ß-fp-sa√mw IqSn-°p-g™p InS-°p-I-bmWv. Ah-bn¬\n∂v ssZhhmIy-ßƒ th¿Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°pI Hcp \ne°pw km[y-a√. F∂m¬, hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ ssZh-hm-Iy-ßtf D≈q. A\y-hm-°p-I-fpsS Ie¿∏v t]mepwAXn-en√. Jp¿-B≥ hymJym\w, \_n-h-N-\-ßƒ, I¿a-im-kvX-\n-b-a-ßƒ,\_n-N-cnXw, A\p-N-c-∑m-cpsS Pohn-X-Ncy, apkvenw NcnXw F∂o hnj-b-ß-fn-ep≈ cN-\-I-sf√mw ]tXyIw ]tXyIw KŸ-ß-fn-emWv. Ah-bn-ep≈ Hcp hm°p-t]mepw Jp¿-B-\p-ambn Ie¿∂pt]mIp∂ ]iv\-an√.

3. hnhn[ kap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS ]°-en∂v ImWp∂ aX-K-Ÿ-ßƒ Nne]hm-N-I-∑m-tcmSv tN¿Øp]d-bp-∂p≠v. F∂m¬, B ]hm-N-I≥ Xs∂-bm-WXv sIm≠p-h-∂-sX∂v ÿm]n-°m≥ ]‰p∂ NcnX]c-amb tcJ-I-sfm∂pw e`y-a√. Nne aX-K-Ÿ-ßƒ GXv ImeØv, GXv ]hm-N-I-∂-h-X-cn®p F∂p-t]mepw ]d-bpI km[y-a√. F∂m¬, hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs\ apl-ΩZv\_n-tbmSv _‘n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Bcpw kwi-bn-°p-∂n√. AXn-∂p≈Ncn-X-km-£y-ßƒ AXbpw i‡hpw A\n-tj-[y-hp-amWv. Jp¿-B-\nseHmtcm hmIyhpw Ft∏mƒ FhnsS Ah-X-cn®p F∂p-t]mepw \njv]-bmkw

ssZh-Ir-Xnbpw a\p-jy-Ir-Xnbpw, kXyhpw Ak-Xyhpw ]Xn-cn¬\n∂v s\√v th¿Xn-cn-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-hÆw ]c-kv]cw IqSn-°-e¿∂n-cn-°-bmWv. AXn-\m¬, km£m¬ ssZh-KŸw PqX-cp-sStbm ssIkvX-h-cp-sStbm ]°-en√. CXn\v hn]-co-X-ambn, hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥, AX-h-X-cn® km£m¬ cq]-Øn¬ Hcp hyXym-k-hp-an-√msX, kpc-£n-X-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p∂p.

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

78 CkvemwaXw

Adn-bm≥ Ignbpw.

4. ap≥K-Ÿ-ß-f-h-X-cn® `mj-Iƒ hf-sc-°m-e-ambn arX- m-j-I-fm-bn-°n-S-°p∂p. Ah-bn∂v Bcp-sSbpw kwkm-c- m-j-b√. Ah Kln-°p-∂-h¿t]mepw hncfw. AØcw `mj-I-fn-ep≈ KŸ-ßƒ C∂v km£m¬ cq]-Øn-ep-≠m-bm¬ Xs∂, Ah-bnse Bibw Kln®v AX-\p-[m-h\w sNøpIkm[y-a√. F∂m¬, Jp¿-Bs‚ `mj C∂pw Hcp Poh¬`m-j-bmWv. tImSn-°-W-°n-\m-fp-I-fpsS amXr- m-j-bp-am-WXv. IqSmsX, At\-I-tImSn A\y-`m-j-°m¿ B mj ]Tn-°p-Ibpw Bib hn\n-abw \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.temI-Øns‚ \m\m `mKØpw AXv A`y-kn-∏n®v hcp∂p. \njv]-bmkw]Tn -°m-hp∂ `mj-bm-WXv. h√-h¿°pw ]Tn -°m-\-h-kcw e`n -®-ns√¶n¬Øs∂, Jp¿-Bs‚ Bibw Kln® [mcmfw Bfp-Isf Fhn-sSbpwIn´pw.

5. hnhn[ kap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS aX-K-Ÿ-ß-sf√mw Hcp ]tXyI P\-k-aq-l-sØ-bmWv A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂Xv. Hcp ]tXyI Ime-L- -Øns‚Bh-iy-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-I-bm-Wh sNbvXXv. Ah-bn-e-S-ßnb hn[n-hn-e-°p-Iƒ C∂sØ Np‰p-]m-Sn¬ A]-k-‡-ß-fmWv; A]m-tbm-Kn-Ihpw.CXn¬\n∂v, B KŸ-ßƒ Hcp ]tXyI kml-N-cy-Øn\pw \n›nX Ime-L- -Øn\pw amXw D≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂p Kln°mw. F∂m¬ hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\m-Is´, a\p-jy-s\-bmWv A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂Xv. Hcp ]tXyIkap-Zm-bsØ amXw Dt±-in-®p-≈-XmWv Jp¿-B≥ F∂v tXm∂n-°p∂ Hcphm°p-t]mepw AXn¬ ImWp-I-bn√. AXns‚ imk-\-Iƒ GXv ÿeØpwGXv ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-bnepw ]mtbm-Kn-I-hp-amWv. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ apgp-h≥temI-Øn-∂p-ap≈ imizX KŸ-amWv F∂v CXv hy‡-am-°p∂p.

6. ap≥K-Ÿ-ß-fn-se√mw [m¿an-Ihpw kZm-Nm-c-]-c-hp-amb Nne D]-tZ-i-ßƒ AS-ßn-bn- p≠v. km∑m¿KnI XØz-ß-fp≠v. ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØvPohnXw \bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am¿K-\n¿tZi-ap≠v. F∂m¬, Ah-bn-sem∂pwapgp-h≥ Imcy-ßfpw H∂mbn kam-l-cn-°-s∏- n- n√. Cu khn-ti-jX hnip≤Jp¿-B-∂p-amXw Ah-Im-i-s∏- -XmWv. CXc KŸ-ß-fn¬ sht∆sd InS-∂n-cp∂ hninjvS KpW-ß-sf√mw Jp¿-B-\n¬ H∂mbn tiJ-cn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p. ap≥K-Ÿ-ßƒ hn´p-I-f-™-hbpw Jp¿-B-\n-ep≠v.

7. ap≥K-Ÿ-ß-fn-se√mw a\p-jy-cpsS CS-s]-S¬ aqew kXy-hn-cp-≤hpwbp‡n-lo-\-hp-amb Imcy-ßƒ IS-∂p-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p∂p. ]e Bi-b-ßfpwAI-ahpw A\o-Xnbpw BWv. BZ¿i˛hnizmk˛ I¿a-ßsf Zpjn-∏n-°p-∂-h-bp-ap≠v. Nne KŸ-ß-fn¬ tæ—hpw kt`y-X-c-hp-amb kwK-Xn-Iƒt]mepw ImWmw. F∂m¬, hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ AØcw amen-\y-ß-fn¬\ns∂√mw ]cn-ip-≤-amWv. Ak-Xytam bp‡n-hn-cp-≤tam Bb bmsXm∂pwAXn-en√. AXn-ep≈ Hcp kwK-Xnbpw sXfn-hp-Ifpw A\p- -h-ßfpw hgnsX‰m-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°m-\p-am-hn√. AXns‚ Hcp hn[n-bn¬ t]mepw A\o-Xn-bp-sStbm AI-a-Øn-s‚tbm IWnI t]mepw ImWn√. a\p-jys\Zp¿am¿K-Øn-te°v \bn-°p∂ H∂p-an√, AXn¬. tæ—-X-bp-sStbm \n¿e-÷-X-bp-sStbm Ie¿∏p t]mepw C√. BZy¥w DZm-Ø-amb bp‡n-IfpwD∂-X-amb \oXn \njvTbpw [m¿anI˛ kZm-Nmc \n¿tZ-i-ßfpw k¿thm¬Ir-jvS-amb \nb-a-hn-[n-Ifpw \nd™ Hcp KŸ-am-WXv.


Cu khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ aqe-amWv Jp¿-B-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p-hm\pw a‰pKŸ-ßƒ°v ]Icw Jp¿-Bs\ amXw A\p-K-an-°p-hm\pw a\p-jy-cm-in-tbmSv ssZhw B⁄m-]n-®n- p-≈Xv. ssZh-ln-X-Øn-s\mØv Pohn-°p-hm-\m-h-iy-amb am¿K-\n¿tZ-i-ßƒ H∂pw hn´p-t]m-ImsX AXn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p≠v. AXp-≈-t∏mƒ as‰mcp KŸ-Øns‚ Bhiyw Xs∂ Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂n√.

hnip-≤-Jp¿-B\pw CXc KŸ-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ A¥cw Kln-°p-∂-tXmsS a‰p KŸ-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizm-khpw Jp¿-B-\n-ep≈ hnizm-khpw XΩn-ep≈ A¥-c-sa-s¥∂pw hy‡-amhpw. CX-c -K-Ÿ-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizmkwshdpw hnizmkw amX-amWv˛ Ah-sb√mw ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂p-≈-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw hnip-≤-Jp¿-Bs‚ Ah-X-c-tWm-t±iyw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p Ah-bp-tSXpw F∂p-ap≈ hnizmkw. F∂m¬, ]cn-ip≤Jp¿-B-\n-ep≈ hnizmkwC]-Im-c-amWv: AXv km£m¬ ssZh-hm-Iy-amWv; BZy¥w kXy-amWv;]q¿W-ambpw kpc-£n-X-amWv; AXnse hn[n-I-sf√mw A\p-k-cn-°¬ \n¿_-‘-amWv; AXn∂v hncp-≤-amb kI-eXpw X≈n-°-f-tb-≠-Xp-amWv.

ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cn-ep≈ hnizmkw

ssZhn-I-K-Ÿ-ß-fn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øn\v tijw ssZh-Øns‚ ]hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ hniz-kn-°p-hm-\mWv B⁄m-]n-°-s∏- n-cn-°p-∂Xv. F√m kaq-l-ß-fnepw ssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿ h∂n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k) ]t_m-[\w sNbvX AtX ktµ-i-amWv Ahcpw sIm≠p-h-∂n-cp-∂Xv F∂pw apºv]d-™p-ht√m. ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-sc√mw Htc KW-Øn¬ s] -h-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-∂m-Wn-Xn-\¿Yw. At∏mƒ Ah-cn-sem-cmsf \ncm-I-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ A¿YwF√m-h-scbpw \ncm-I-cn-°pI F∂mWv. Hcm-fn¬ hniz-kn-°p-I-sb-∂m¬F√m-h-cnepw hniz-kn-°pI F∂pw. Htc Imcyw ]d-bp∂ ]Øp-t]-cn-sem-cmsf hniz-kn-®m¬ F√m-h-scbpw kXy-hm-∑m-cmbn \mw AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv. Ah-cn-sem-cmƒ hymP-\mWv F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw F√m-hcpwhymP-∑m-cmWv F∂pw. CXp-sIm-≠mWv apgp-h≥ ]hm-N-I-∑m-cnepw hniz-kn-°¬ Ckvem-an¬ \n¿_-‘-am-bn-Øo¿∂Xv. GsX-¶nepw Hcp ]hm-N-Is\ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h≥, as‰-√m-h-cnepw hniz-kn-®mepw, \ntj[n Xs∂-bmWv.

`qan-bn¬ \ntbm-Kn-X-cmb ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cpsS kwJy Hcp e£Øn Ccp-]-Øn-\m-em-bncw BsW∂v Nne Ncn-X-tc-J-I-fn¬ h∂n- p≠v. `qap-JØvP\-hmkw XpS-ßn-bn´v Ime-sa-Xtbm Bbn. FXtbm P\-k-ap-Zm-b-ßƒChnsS Pohn®p acn®p. B \ne°v Cu kwJy H´pw IqSp-X-embn tXm∂p-I-bn√. Cu ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cn¬ Jp¿-B≥ t]sc-SpØp ]d-™-h-cn¬ \mw hy‡-am-bn-Øs∂ hniz-kn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. a‰p-≈-h-cpsS Imcy-Øn¬, ssZhw kz¥wZmk-∑m-cpsS am¿K-Z¿i-\-Øn-\mbn \ntbm-Kn-®-h-sc√mw kXy-k-‘-cm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v samØ-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°mt\ \tΩmSv B⁄m-]n-®n- p≈q. qtKm-f-Øns‚ GtXXv mK-sØ√mw ]hm-N-I≥ h∂n- pt≠m Ah-cn-se√mw \mwhniz-kn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. ]t£, Hcp ]tXyI hy‡n ]hm-N-I-\m-sWt∂mAs√t∂m Xo¿Øp ]d-bm≥ \ap°v \nhr-Øn-bn√. ImcWw, Abm-sf-°p-dn®v bmsXm-c-dnhpw \ap°v e`n-®n-´n√. F∂m¬, hnhn[ aX-°m¿ Xß-

80 CkvemwaXw

fpsS am¿K-Z¿i-I-cmbn AwKo-I-cn-®p-t]m-cp∂ hy‡n-Iƒs°-Xn-cmbn h√Xpw]d-bm≥ \ap°v Hcn-°epw A\p-hm-Z-an√. ImcWw, bYm¿Y-Øn-e-h¿ ]hm-N-I-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂n-cn°mw. ]n∂oSv, aqkm-\_n, Cukm-\_n(A) XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS Imcy-Øn-se∂ t]mse, Ah-cpsS A[ym-]-\-ßfpw ]n≥Km-an-IƒZpjn-∏n-®-Xmhmw. AXn-\m¬, \mw A`n-]mbw h√Xpw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS hnizm-km-Nm-c-ß-sf-°p-dn®v amXta BImhq. aX-t\-Xm-°-sf-°p-dn®v au\-a-h-ew-_n-°Ww. Cs√-¶n¬ Nne-t∏mƒ \mw Adn-bmsX`¿’n-°p∂Xv Hcp bYm¿Y ]hm-N-Is\ BsW∂v hcmw.

apl-ΩZv\_n(k)sbt∏mse ap≥ ]hm-N-I-∑mcpw kXy-k-‘-cm-bn-cp∂p;ssZh-Øm¬ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cp∂p; Ckvem-anI am¿Kw ImWn®psImSp-Ø-h-cm-bn-cp∂p. C°m-cy-ß-fn-sem∂pw apl-ΩZv\_nbpw ap≥ ]hm-N-I-∑mcpw XΩn¬ A¥-c-sam-∂p-an-√. F∂m¬, aq∂p Imcy-ß-fn¬ hyXym-k-ap≠v.

1. ap≥ ]hm-N-I-∑m-sc√mw Hmtcm ]tXyI kap-Zm-b-Øn-te°pw Hcp\n›nX Ime-tØ°pw amX-ambn \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏- -h-cm-bn-cp∂p. F∂m¬,apl-ΩZv(k) apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-cm-in-°p-ambn Fs∂-t∂-°p-ap≈ ]hm-N-I-\m-bn- mWv ssZhw Ab-®Xv. C°mcyw Ign™ A[ym-b-Øn¬ khn-iZw]Xn-]m-Zn-®p-ht√m.

2. ap≥]-hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS in£-W-ßƒ Xotc A]-Xy-£-am-bn-°-gn™p.h√Xpw tijn-∏p-s≠-¶n¬Øs∂ Ah bYm¿Y cq]-Øn¬ kpc-£n-X-ambn\ne-\n-ev°p∂n√. Ah-cpsS PohnX Ncy-Ifpw bYm¿Y cq]-Øn¬ Cs∂-hn-sSbpw e`y-a√. Ah-sb√mw sI´p-I-Y-Ifpw CXn-lm-k-ß-fp-ambn cq]wamdn-t∏mbn. X∑qew Ah-cpsS Ncy ]n¥p-S-cpI C∂-km-[y-amWv. XnI®pwhyXy-kvX-amWv apl-ΩZv\_n-bpsS ÿnXn. At±-l-Øns‚ A[ym-]-\-ßfpwPohn-X-N-cybpw D]-tZ-i-ßfpw ]h¿Ø-\-ssi-enbpw kz`mh khn-ti-j-X-I-fp-sa√mw C∂v kpc-£n-X-am-b-h-ti-jn-°p-∂p≠v. At±-l-sØ-°p-dn®v Adn-bm-\p-t±-in-°p∂ F¥pw \ap-°n∂v e`y-amWv. XZ-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ C∂v "Pohn-®n-cn-∏p≈' GI ]hm-N-I≥ apl-ΩZv\_n(k) amX-amWv. At±-lsØamXta \ap-°n∂v A\p-K-an-°m≥ km[n°q.

3. ap≥ ]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS ]mtbm-KnI in£-W-ßƒ Xm¬°m-en-IhpwA]q¿W-hp-am-bn-cp∂p. Hmtcm ]hm-N-I∂pw tijw hcp-∂-bmƒ ap≥Km-an-bpsS \nb-a-hn-[n-Ifpw I¿a-\n¿tZ-i-ßfpw ]cn-jvI-cn®p. Cu ]cn-jvI-cWwA°m-e-ß-fn¬ \nc-¥cw \S-∂n-cp∂p. CXp-sIm-≠mWv Ah-cpsS in£-W-ßƒ°v ssZhw imiz-Xn-IXzw \evIm-Xn-cp-∂Xv. Xmc-X-tay\ ]q¿W-ambHcp hyhÿ D≠m-bn-cns°, A]q¿W-amb ap≥hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ Bh-iy-an-√t√m. Ah-km\w apl-ΩZv\_n(k) aptJ\ F√m-‰nepw ]cn-]q¿Whpwimiz-X-hp-amb Hcn-kvem-anI hyhÿ \evI-s∏´p. AtXmsS kIe ap≥-Ime ]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sSbpw I¿a-am¿K-ßƒ kzbw Zp¿_-e-s∏´p. ImcWw,]cn-]q¿W-am-b-Xn-cns° A]q¿W-am-bXv kzoI-cn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv bp‡nhncp-≤-amWv. Ct∏mƒ apl-ΩZv\_n(k)sb A\p-K-an-°p-∂-h≥ bYm¿Y-Øn¬apgp-h≥ ]hm-N-I≥am-sc-bp-am-W-\p-K-an-°p-∂Xv. ImcWw, ap≥]-hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS A[ym-]-\-ß-fn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ apgp-h≥ \∑-Ifpw apl-ΩZv\_n-bp-tS-Xn-ep≠v. F∂m¬, apl-ΩZv\_nsb hn´v ap≥]-hm-N-I-∑m-cn¬ h√-h-scbpw


A\p-K-an-°p-∂-h∂v Gsd \∑-Iƒ \jvS-s∏- p-t]mIpw. ImcWw, ]nev°m-eØv e`n® \∑-Iƒ ap≥in-£-W-ß-fn-ep-≠m-hn-√t√m.

C°m-c-W-ß-fm¬ apl-ΩZv\_nsb amXw A\p-K-an-t°-≠Xv a\p-jy-cm-in°v \n¿_-‘-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p. apkven-am-Ip-hm≥ apl-Ω-Zv\_nsb kw_-‘n®v aq∂v Imcy-ßƒ hniz-kn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. H∂v: \_nXncp-ta\n ssZh-Øns‚ bYm¿Y ]hm-N-I-\mWv. c≠v: At±-l-Øns‚ \n¿tZ-i-ßƒ G‰hpwkºq¿W-amWv; Ah-bn¬ bmsXmcp t]mcm-bva-bp-an√; Ah Xo¿ØpwA_≤ ap‡-amWv. aq∂v: Xncp-ta\n ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-km-\sØ ]hm-N-I-\mWv; C\n, Imem¥yw hsc Hcp kap-Zm-b-Ønepw Hcp ]hm-N-I≥ hcn√;apkven-am-Ip-hm≥ hniz-kn-°¬ \n¿_-‘-am-btXm hniz-kn-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬\ntj-[n-bm-bn-t∏m-Ip-∂tXm Bb Hcp hy‡nbpw C\n-bp-≠m-hn√.

]c-tem-I-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw

apl-ΩZv\_n(k) hniz-kn-°m≥ \n¿tZ-in® A©m-asØ kwKXn ]c-tem-I-amWv. Cu hnizm-k-Øns‚ `mK-ambn hcp∂ Imcy-ß-fn-h-bmWv:

1. Hcp Znhkw ssZhw ka-kvX-tem-I-ß-sfbpw AXnse apgp-h≥ krjvSn-Pm-e-ß-sfbpw \in-∏n-°p-∂-XmWv. B Znh-k-Øn-\mWv"buap¬ Jnbm-aØv' (A¥y-Zn\w) F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv.

2. ]n∂oSv ssZhw kI-e-P-\-ßƒ°pw c≠m-a-sXmcp PohnXw \evIpw.F√m-hcpw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cmIpw. AXn-∂mWv "buap¬ liv¿'(ktΩ-f\ Zn\w) F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv.

3. a\p-jy≥ Cl-tem-I-Po-hn-XØn¬ sNbvX k¿h I¿a-ß-fp-sSbpw]q¿W-amb tcJ A∂v ssZh-k-a£w ka¿∏n-°-s∏Spw.

4. Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-sSbpw \∑˛Xn∑-Iƒ Xpe\wsNbvXv \∑ I\w Xqßn-b-hsc ssZhw A\p-K-ln-°p-Ibpw Xn∑-Iƒ I\w IqSn-b-hsc in£n-°p-∂-Xp-amWv.

5. A\p-K-ln-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ kz¿K-Øn-te°pw in£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ \c-I-Øn-te°pw t]mIp-∂-XmWv.

]c-temIhnizm-k-Øns‚ Bh-iy-IX

]c-tem-I-sØ-°p-dn® \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-bpsS Cu hnh-cWw Xs∂-bmWvap≥ Ign™ F√m ]hm-N-I-∑mcpw \evIn-bn- p-≈Xv. AXn-ep≈ hnizmkwapkvenamIp-hm≥ F°m-eØpw Hgn-®p-Iq-SmØ \n_-‘-\-bm-bn-cp∂p. ]c-tem-IsØ \ntj-[n-°p-Itbm AXn¬ kwi-bn-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂-h≥"Im^n¿' BsW∂v F√m ]hm-N-I-∑mcpw ]Jym-]n-®n- p≠v. ImcWw, Cuhnizm-k-an-s√-¶n¬ ]ns∂ ssZh-Ønepw ssZh-Zq-X-∑m-cnepw ssZh-K-Ÿ-Øn-ep-ap≈ hnizm-k-sa√mw \nc¿Y-I-amWv. amX-a√, a\pjy Pohn-Xw-Xs∂\mi-Øn-te°v \oßp-Ibpw sNøpw. CXv \njv]-bmkw Kln-°m-hp∂ Imcy-amWv. h√ tPmenbpw sNøm≥ \mw B⁄m-]n-°-s∏- m¬ BZy-ap-b-cp∂tNmZyw AXv sNbvXm-ep≈ KpW-sa¥v, Cs√-¶n-ep≈ tZmj-sa¥v F∂mWv.Cu tNmZyw F¥p-sIm-≠p-Zv`-hn®p? ^e-an-√mØ ]hr-Øn-Iƒ A\m-h-iyhpw A¿Y-iq-\y-hp-amWv F∂v a\p-jy-]-IrXn hn[n Iev]n-°p-∂XpsIm≠m-WnXv. Hcp KpWhpw e`n-°n-s√-∂p-d-∏p≈ Hcp tPmen°v h√-

82 CkvemwaXw

hcpw Hcp-ßptam? AXp-t]mse, tZmj-sam∂pw hcp-Øn-s√-∂p-d-∏p≈ HcptPmen h¿Pn-°p-I-bp-an√. kwi-b-Øn-s‚bpw ÿnXn CXp-Xs∂. ew kwi-bm-kv]-Z-amb Hcp tPmen-bn¬ a\ v Dd-®p-\n-ev°p-I-bn√. tZmj-I-c-sa∂vkwi-bn-°p-I-amXw sNøp∂ Hcp tPmen-bp-t]-£n-°m≥ henb D’m-lhpwImWn-°n√. A·n Icn-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂ hnizmkw inip-°ƒ°n-√m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠mWv Ah-c-Xn¬ ssIsh-°p-∂Xv. hnZym-`ymkwsIm≠p≈ KpWwKln-°m≥ Ip´n-Iƒ A]m-]vX-cm-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wt√m hnZy A`y-kn-°p-∂-Xn-e-h¿ aSn-Im-Wn-°p-∂Xv. AXp-t]mse, ssZh-hn-izm-khpw ssZhln-X-Øn-s\mØ Pohn-Xhpw Xotc \njv -e-am-sWt∂ ]c-temI \ntj[n hnNm-cn-°-bp≈q. Ahs\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ssZhm-\p-k-cWwsIm≠v h√KpWtam [n°mcwsIm≠v h√ tZmjtam hcm-\n√. F∂n-cns°, Ah-s\-ßs\ ssZh-I-ev]-\-Ifpw ]hm-N-I-im-k-\-I-fp-a-\p-k-cn°pw? ssZh-Øns‚AkvXnXzw Ah≥ kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬Øs∂ AXp-sIm≠v e-hp-an√.ImcWw, ]c-tem-I-Øn¬ hnizm-k-an-√m-Ø-Xn¬ Ah≥ ssZhm-⁄If\p-k-cn-°p-Itbm ssZhm- o-jvS-a-\p-k-cn®v PohnXw \bn-°p-Itbm C√.

Imcyw ChnSwsIm≠-h-km-\n-°p-∂n√. ]c-temIhnizm-ktam \ntj-[tam BWv a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ hn[n \n¿W-bn-°p-∂Xv F∂p-ImWmw.ap≥sNm∂-t]mse, I¿a- ew ap≥\n¿Øn-bmWv, Hcp Imcyw sNø-Wtamth≠tbm F∂v a\pjy ]IrXn Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂Xv. Hcm-fpsS t\m´w euIn-I-amb em`-\-jvS-ß-fn¬ amX-am-sW-¶n¬ Cl-tem-IØv em`w In´mØHcp ]hr-Ønbpw sNøm≥ Abmƒ k∂-≤-\m-hp-I-bn√. ChnsS \jvSw`b-°p∂ Hcp Zp¿hr-Ønbpw shSn-bp-I-bp-an√. adn®v, ]mc-XnI t\ -ß-fn¬t\m´w sh°p-∂-bmƒ Cl-tem-I-Ønse em -\-jvS-ßsf Xm¬°m-en-I-amtbIW-°m°q. amX-a√, \∑ FX hºn® euInI \jvSw hcp-Øn-sh-®mepwAbmƒ \∑-Xs∂ sNøpw. Xn∑ FX henb em`w t\Sn-s°m-Sp-ØmepwAXv h¿Pn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. ImcWw, ]c-tem-I-Ønse imiz-X-amb em -\-jvS-ß-fm-W-bmƒ IW-°n-se-Sp-°p-∂Xv. Cu c≠p hy‡n-Iƒ XΩn¬Fs¥m-c-¥cw! Hcm-fpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬ k¬°¿aw Cl-tem-I-Ønse £Wn-I-amb Pohn-X-Øn¬ h√ kZv^-ehpw e`n-°p-∂-h-bmWv. Ipd®v ]Ww,Aev]w qan, ÿm\-am-\-ßƒ, t]cpw s]cp-abpw, A`n-\-µ-\hpw ]iw-kbpw,Aev]w B\-µhpw kt¥m-jhpw˛ CsXms° t\Sn-s°m-Sp-°p∂ I¿a-ß-fm-W-bmƒ°v k¬°¿aw. ZpjvI¿a-am-Is´, Cl-tem-IØv Zpjv -e-ap-f-hm-°p-∂-htbm Aßs\ `b-s∏-Sm-hp-∂tXm Bb IrXy-ßfpw. DZm-l-c-W-ambn, Poh-\jvSw, [\-\jvSw, Btcm-Ky-Øn\v lm\n, Zpjvt∏cv, `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ in£m-\-S-]Sn, ZpxJw XpS-ßn-b-h°v Imc-W-am-Ip-∂h. F∂m¬,c≠m-asØ a\p-jys\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw k¬°¿aw ssZh-an-jvS-s∏-Sp-∂Xpw ZpjvI¿aw ssZhw shdp-°p-∂Xpw BWv. k¬-°¿aw Ah∂vbmsXm-ssc-lnI t\ -hpw t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Øn-s√-¶nepw Ah-\Xv k¬°¿a-am-bn-Øs∂ IcpXpw˛ AXv Fs¥¥v \jvS-ßƒ Ah-t∂-ev]n-®mepw icn.Ah-km\w ssZhw X\n°v imiz-X-amb ]Xn- ew \evIp-sa∂v AbmƒZrV-ambn hniz-kn-°pw. AXp-t]mse ZpjvI¿aw Ah∂v Cl-tem-IØvh≥em`w t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Ømepw Abm-f-hsb ZpjvI¿aw F∂p-Xs∂ IcpXpw.Chn-SsØ lkz-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ B\-µ-Øn-em-dm-Sm≥ Ign-™mepw ssZh-


in-£-bn¬\n∂v c£-s∏-Sm≥ Hcn-°epw Ign-bn-s√∂v Abm-fp-d®p hniz-kn-°p∂p.

Cu hyXykvX ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Iƒ a\pjy\p-ap-ºn¬ c≠v hyXykvX am¿K-ßƒ Xpd-°p∂p. ]c-tem-I-hn-izm-k-an-√mØ a\p-jy∂v Ckvem-anI ]mX-bn-eqsS HcSn apt∂m´p \oßm-\m-hn√. Ckvemw kImØv sImSp-°m≥ ]d-bp-tºmƒ kImØv Xs‚ [\-Øn¬ IpdhphcpØpw F∂mhpw Abm-fpsSt]Sn. AXv ]en-i°p sImSp-Øm¬ Zcn-Zs‚ hońse ]p¬s°m-Sn-t]mepwkz¥-am°mw. F¥p kw -hn-®mepw kXyta ]d-bmhq, Hcn-°epw Ifhv ]d-b-cpXv F∂v Ckvemw B⁄m-]n-°p-tºmƒ kXyw ]d-™n v bmsXmcpem -hp-an√,- \jvS-ap≠v Xm\pw. B kXyw X\n-°p-th≠ F∂m-hpw adp-]Sn. hymP-am-Is´ em -I-camWv. AXv Xms\-¥n\v h¿Pn-°Ww? Bfn-√mØhgn-bn¬sh®v Abmƒs°mcp hne-]n-Sn® hkvXp hoWp In´p∂p. "AXv\nt‚-X-s√-¶n-se-Sp-°-cpXv' F∂v Ckvemw Ah-t\mSv ]d-bp∂p. Ahs‚adp-]Sn: CXv shdpsX e`n® km[-\-amWv; Rm\n-sX-¥n-\p-t]-£n-°Ww?ChnsS Bcp-an√. AXp-sIm≠v Bcpw t]meo-kn-e-dn-bn-°n√; tImS-Xn-bn¬FXn¿ km£n ]d-bn√; F\n°v ZpjvIo¿Øn-bp-≠m-hp-I-bp-an√. ]ns∂ CsX-¥p-sIm≠v F\n-°-\p- -hn-®p-IqSm? Hcmƒ Ahs‚ ]°¬ Hcp hkvXp kq£n-°m-t\-ev]n®p. DSs\ Abmƒ acn-®p-t]m-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. At∏mƒ, "ac-W-s∏- -hs‚ [\w Abm-fpsS Ah-Im-in-Iƒs°-Øn-°Ww' F∂v CkvemwAh-t\mSv ]d-bp∂p. Ahs‚ ]Xyp-Øcw: Rm\sX-¥n\v sImSp-°Ww?acn-®-hs‚ ]Ww Fs‚ ]°-ep-s≠-∂-Xn\v F¥mWv sXfnhv? Ahs‚IpSpw-_-ßƒ°-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®-dn-bn√; AXp-sIm≠v F\n-°-X-\p- -hn°mw; Hc-]-Io¿Ønbpw `b-s∏-Sm-\n√. Npcp-°-Øn¬, PohnX bmX-bn¬ CkvemwAh∂v Hcp am¿Kw ImWn®psImSp-°p-tºmƒ FXn¿ Zni-bn-ep≈ as‰mcphgn-°m-W-h≥ t]mhpI. Ckvem-an¬ Hmtcm-∂n-s‚bpw ÿm\hpw hnebpw]c-tem-I-Ønse imiz-X- -e-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-emWv. Ah-∂m-Is´,Cl-tem-I-Ønse £WnI Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-Sp∂ e-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Ønepw. CXbpw ]d-™-Xn¬\n∂v, ]c-temI hnizm-k-an-√m-Ø-h≥F¥p-sIm≠v apkven-am-hp-I-bn√ F∂v hy‡w. F∂p amX-a√, ]c-temI\ntj[w a\p-jys\ arK-ß-sf-°mƒ XmW P¥p-hm°n am‰p-Ibpw sNøpw.

]c-temIhnizmkw bp‡n-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬

]c-temIhnizm-k-Øns‚ Bh-iy-I-Xbpw kZv -e-ß-fp-amWv CXp-hsc]d-™Xv. C\n, AsX-∏‰n apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k) hnh-cn® Imcy-ß-fmWv ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂Xv. Ah bp‡n-bpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ icn-bm-bn-´p-≈-h-bmtWmF∂pw ]cn-tim-[n°mw. ]c-tem-I-hn-izmkw hmkvX-h-Øn¬, bp‡nsbBkv]-Zn-®p-≈-X√. Dd® hnizm-k-am-W-Xn-∂-Sn-ÿm\w. F∂n-cp-∂mepw,\mw _p≤n-bp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-]£w ]c-tem-I-sØ-°p-dn®v apl-Ω-Zv\_n ]Tn-∏n® Imcy-ß-fmWv a‰p Nn¥m-K-Xn-I-sf-°mƒ bp‡n-\n-jvT-am-bn- p-≈Xv F∂vImWm≥ Ignbpw.

ac-Wm-\-¥-c- Po-hn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v apJy-ambpw aq∂v `n∂ ho£-W-ß-fm-Wp-≈Xv. H∂v: ac-Wm-\-¥cw a\p-jy≥ \in®v aÆm-bn-t∏m-Ip∂p. A\-¥cw as‰mcp Pohn-X-an√. imkvXo-b-Nn-¥-I¿ F∂v hmZn-°p∂ \mkvXn-I-

84 CkvemwaXw

cpsS A`n-]m-b-am-WnXv. c≠v: a\p-jy≥ Xs‚ I¿a- -e-a-\p- -hn-°p-hm-\mbnASn-°Sn Cu temI-tØ-°p-Xs∂ ]p\¿P-\n-°p∂p. ZpjvI¿aw sNbvX-h¿ ASpØ P∑-Øn¬ ]q®, \mb XpS-ßnb P¥p-°tfm, hr£tam, \oN-h¿K-Øn¬s∏´ a\p-jytcm Bbn P∑-sa-Sp-°p∂p. k¬°¿aw sNbvX-h-cm-Is´, D¬IrjvS ]Z-hn-bn-se-Øp∂p. sI´p-d-∏n-√mØ Nne aX-ß-fpsSImgvN-∏m-Sm-WnXv. aq∂v: Cu temIw Hcn-°¬ \in°pw. ho≠pw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ ]p\¿P-\n°pw. a\p-jy≥ ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ hnNm-cW sNø-s∏Spw. k÷-\-ßƒ°v kz¿Khpw Zp¿P-\-ßƒ°v \c-Ihpw ]Xn- -e-ambn\evI-s∏Spw. CXv temIm-cw`w apX-ev°p≈ apgp-h≥ ]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sSbpwGI-I-WvT-amb ]Jym-]-\-amWv.

BZy-hn- m-K-°m-cpsS hnizmkw H∂v ]cn-Nn-¥\w sNømw. Ah-cpsS\ymb-an-XmWv: ""ac-Wm-\-¥cw h√-hcpw Pohn-®-Xmbn Rßƒ I≠n- n√.acn-®-h-sc√mw aÆn¬ ebn-®p-tN-cp-I-bmWv. AXn-\m¬, ac-Wm-\-¥cw HcpPohn-X-an√.''CsX-ß-s\-bmWv Hcp sXfn-hm-Ip-∂Xv? ac-Wm-\-¥cw BcpwPohn-®-Xmbn ImWm-Xn-cp-∂m¬ ac-Wm-\-¥cw F¥m-Ip-sa∂v Rßƒ°-dn-™p-IqSm F∂p amX-at√ \s∂-°-hn-™m¬ ]d-bm-\mhq? ac-Wm-\-¥cwH∂p-an-s√∂v Rßƒ°-dnbmw F∂v Fßs\ ]dbpw? Xotc hnam\wImWmØ Hcp Kmao-W≥ hnam\w F¥m-sW-s∂-\n-°-dn-™p-IqSm F∂t√]d-bmhq? hnam-\ta C√ Fs∂-\n-°-dnbmw F∂p ]d-bmtam? Hcmƒ Hcpkm[\w I≠n- n√ F∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw Aß-s\-sbmcp km[-\ta C√ F∂-√t√m. Hcmƒ°pw Aßs\ hmZn-°m≥ km[y-a√.

c≠m-asØ A`n-]m-b-a-\p-k-cn®v, Ct∏mƒ Hcp hy‡nsb a\p-jy-\m-bn-°m-Wp-∂Xv ap≥P-∑-Øn¬ arKtam at‰m Bbn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ sNbvX kpIr-X-ß-fpsS e-am-bn- mWv. Ct∏mƒ Hcp Pohnsb arK-am-bn-°m-Wp-∂Xv ap≥P-∑-Øn¬ a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ sNbvX ]m]-ß-fpsS ê-ambpw. At∏m-sgmcp tNmZyw. BZyw Cu Pohn F¥m-bn-cp∂p? a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬AXn\p apºv arKtam hr£tam Bbn-cn-°-W-at√m. C\n, BZyw arKtamhr£tam Bbn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXn\papºv a\p-jy\pw Bbn-cp-∂n-cn-°-Ww.Npcp-°-Øn¬, krjvSn Bcw- -Øn-se-¥m-bn-cp∂p F∂v Cu hn`m-K-°m¿°vXocp-am-\n-°pI km[y-a√. ImcWw, Hmtcm P∑hpw ap≥P-∑-Øns‚ I¿a-

-e-am-sW∂v Xocp-am-\n-°-W-sa-¶n¬ Hmtcm P∑-Øn-s‚bpw apºv as‰mcpP∑-ap-≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠Xv \n¿_-‘-amWv. AXm-Is´, bp‡n°v IS-I-hn-cp-≤hpw.

C\n, aq∂m-asØ BZ¿i-sa-Sp°mw: AXn-em-ZysØ Imcyw, temI-Øn-s\m-c-¥y-ap-s≠∂pw XZ-\-¥cw CXn-s\-°mƒ D∂-Xhpw A\-iz-c-hp-ambas‰mcp temIw ssZhw krjvSn-°p-sa-∂p-amWv. C°m-cy-Øn¬ Hcp kwi-b-Øn\pw Ah-Im-i-an√. ]]-©-sØ-°p-dn®v IqSp-X¬ ]Tn-°p-t¥mdpw CXv\iz-c-am-sW-∂-Xn\v IqSp-X¬ sXfn-hp-Iƒ e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv.ChnsS ]h¿Øn-°p∂ i‡n-Iƒs°√mw ]cn-an-X-amb Bbpt D≈q.Ah Hcp Znhkw Ah-km-\n®p t]mIp-sa-∂Xv Xo¿®-bmWv. apgp-h≥ ]Ir-Xn-im-kvX-⁄-∑mcpw AwKo-I-cn-®-Xm-Wn-°mcyw. Hcp L -Øn¬ kqcy≥XWpØv ]Im-i-a-‰-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-sa∂pw tKmf-ßƒ XΩn¬ Iqń-bn-Sn®vXI¿∂p-t]m-Ip-sa∂pw Ah¿ Dd-∏n®p ]d-bp∂p.


a\p-jy∂v ]p\-cp-∞m-\-ap-≠m-Ip-sa-∂-XmWv c≠m-asØ Imcyw. CXvAkm-[y-amtWm? BsW-¶n¬ Ah-∂n-t∏mƒ e`n® PohnXw Fß-s\- In´n?Cl-tem-IØv a\p-jys\ krjvSn® ssZh-Øn\v ]c-tem-IØpw Ahs\]p\x-kr-jvSn-°m≥ Ignbpw.

aq∂m-asØ Imcyw, a\p-jy-I¿a-ß-fpsS tcJ kq£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-s≠∂pw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ Ah, a\p-jy-t\m-sSm∏w, lmP-cm-°-s∏SpwF∂p-ap-≈-XmWv. CXn-∂p≈ sXfn-hp-Iƒ Cl-tem-I-Øp-Xs∂ [mcm-f-ap≠v.\ΩpsS i_vZw hmbpafi-e-Øn¬ Ae-Iƒ krjvSn®v \in-®p-t]m-Ip∂pF∂mWv apºv [cn-®n-cp-∂Xv. F∂m¬, Hmtcm i_vZhpw Np‰p-ap≈ hkvXp-°-fn¬ AXns‚ NnXw \nt£-]n-®p-sh-°p-∂p-s≠∂pw Ah ho≠pw ]pd-sØ-Sp-°pI km[y-am-sW∂pap≈ hkvXpX C∂m¿°pw Adn-bm-Ø-X√.Kma-t^m¨ dn°m¿Up-I-fn¬ Cu XØz-amWv ]tbm-Kn-°-s∏- Xv. \ΩpsSkI-e-hn[ Ne-\-ßfpw Ah-bp-ambn h√-hn-t[-\bpw kv]¿in-°p∂ hkvXp-°-fn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-∂p≠v. CXv icn-bm-sW-¶n¬, \ΩpsS I¿a-ß-fpsS tcJ-Iƒ kpc-£n-X-ambn ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cm-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂ Imcy-Øn¬kwibw th≠.

\mem-asØ hkvXpX hnNm-c-Wbpw ]Xn- -e-Zm-\hpw BWv. CXn¬F¥v bp‡n- w-K-am-Wp-≈Xv? a\pjy I¿a-ßƒ ssZhw hnNm-cW \S-Ø-W-sa∂pw \oXn-]q¿hw hn[n Iev]n-°-W-sa∂pap≈Xv a\p-jy-_p-≤n-bpsSXs∂ Xm¬]-cy-amWv. Chn-sS-sbmcp a\p-jy≥ \∑ amXw ]h¿Øn-°p∂p.]t£, AXns‚ bmsXmcp kZv -ehpw Cl-tem-IØv Abmƒ°v e`n-°p-∂n√. as‰m-cmƒ Bbp-jvIm-e-a-Xbpw ZpjvI¿aßƒ sNøp∂p. F∂m¬bmsXmcp \jvShpw Abmƒ°v ]‰p-∂n√. amX-a√, k¬°¿aw sNbvX-Xns‚ t]cn¬ Ah¿W-\o-b-amb IjvS-∏m-Sp-Ifpw Zpcn-X-ßfpw A\p- -hn-t°-≠n-h-cp∂ FXtbm t]cp≠v. ZpjvIr-Xy-ßƒ sNbvXv BPo-h-\m¥wB\-µ-Xp-µn-e-cmbn Pohn-°p-∂-h-cpap≠v. Cu A\p- -h-ßƒ, k÷-\-ßƒ°v]Xn- -ehpw Zp¿P-\-ßƒ°v in£bpw Ft∏m-sg-¶n-ep-sam-cn-°¬ e`n-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-hm≥ \sΩ \n¿_-‘n-°p∂p.

kz¿Khpw \c-I-hp-amWv HSp-hn-e-tØXv. Chbpw Akw- -hy-a√. hm\˛`ph-\-ßsf krjvSn® ssZh-Øn\v kz¿K \c-I-ß-fpsS krjvSn∏v amXwAkm-[ytam? ssZhw P\-ßsf hnNm-cW sNbvXv c£m-in-£-Iƒ \evIpw.c£ e`n-®-h¿°v kuJy-]q¿hw Pohn-°phm-s\m-cnSw thWw. in£ e`n-®-h¿°v Zpcn-X-]q¿W-amb as‰m-cn-Shpw. Ah ssZhw krjvSn-°p∂p.

ta¬hn-h-cn® Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v kKu-chw Nn¥n-°p∂ Hcmƒ°v, ac-Wm-\-¥c Pohn-X-sØ-°p-dn®v \ne-hn-ep≈ k¶-ev]-ß-fn¬ _p≤n°v G‰-hp-a-\p-tbm-Py-am-bXv Ckvem-anI ImgvN-∏m-Sm-sW∂v ImWmw. AXn¬ Akm-[ytam Abp-‡n-Itam Bbn H∂p-an-s√∂v GsXm-cmfpw kΩ-Xn°pw. _p≤nkzbw kΩ-Xn-°p∂ C°mcyw apl-Ω-Zv\-_n-sb-t∏m-ep≈ Hcp kXy-]-hm-N-I≥ \ΩpsS \∑ amXw ap≥\n¿Øn hnh-cn®pXcp-tºmƒ hrYm kwi-bn-°p-∂-sX-¥n\v? AXn¬ ZrV-amb hnizmkw Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xt√ _p≤n-]q¿h-I-am-bn-´p-≈Xv?

]cn-ip-≤ -hmIyw

86 CkvemwaXw

ta¬ hnh-cn® A©v BZ¿i-ß-fn-t∑-emWv Ckvemw \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv.*Ah-bpsS cXv\-®p-cp°w ""emC-eml C√-√mlp apl-Ω-Zp¿d-kq-ep-√mln''F∂ ]cn-ip≤ hmIy-Øn-e-S-ßn-bn- p≠v. \mw ""emC-eml C√-√mlp''F∂p-®-cn-°p-∂-tXmsS F√m \njn≤ ssZh-ß-sfbpw hn´v GI-ssZ-h-Øns‚amXw ASn-aØw kzoI-cn-°p∂p. ""apl-Ω-Zp¿d-kq-ep-√mln'' F∂p-IqSn D®-cn-°p-tºmƒ apl-ΩZv\_n ssZh-Øns‚ ZqX-\m-sW∂pw \mw kΩ-Xn®p.ZuXy-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-tXmsS, ssZhw, ssZhn-I-Kp-W-ßƒ, ae-°p-Iƒ,ssZh-K-Ÿ-ßƒ, ssZh-Zq-X-∑m¿, ]c-temIw F∂n-h-sb-°p-dn®v Xncp-Zq-X¿]Tn-∏n® AtX hn[w hniz-kn-t°-≠Xv \n¿_-‘-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p. ssZhsØBcm-[n-°p-hm\pw A\p-k-cn-°p-hm\pw Xncp-ta\n ImWn-®p-X∂ am¿K-tatXmAXv IWn-i-ambn ]n≥]-‰m\pw \mw _m[y-ÿ-cmbn amdp∂p.

* Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒ A©m-bn- mWv Rm\n-hnsS hnh-cn-®n- p-≈Xv. CXv hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\n¬""kqd-Øp¬ _Jd''bnse ""Ba-\¿d-kqep _nam D≥kne Csseln....'', kqd-Øp-∂n-kmCse ""ha≥ bIv p¿ _n√mln ha-em-C-°-Ønln....'' F∂o hmIy-ßsf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bmWv. \_nhN-\-ß-fn¬ ""JZvdn''ep≈ hnizm-khpw Cuam≥ Imcy-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn- p-s≠-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an√. At∏mƒ Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒ Bdm-bn-Øo-cp-∂-XmWv.F∂m¬, bYm¿Y-Øn¬ JZvdn-ep≈ hnizmkw A√m-lp-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øns‚ Xs∂Awi-amWv. hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ B \ne-°mWv AXv hnh-cn-®n- p-≈Xv. AXn-\m¬ Rm\pw]kvXpX hnizm-ksØ GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ hni-Zo-I-c-W-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWvsNbvXn- p-≈Xv. Nne \_n-h-N-\-ß-fn¬ kz¿Kw, \cIw, kzndmØv, aokm≥ F∂n-hsb]tXyIw hnizm-k-]-c-amb Imcy-ß-fmbn hnh-cn-®n-´p≠v. At∏mƒ Cuam≥ Imcy-ßƒBdn¬ IqSp-X-emIpw. hmkvX-h-am-Is´, Ah-sb√mw ]c-tem-I-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ LS-I-ß-fmWv.

˛KŸ-Im-c≥

A\p-jvTm\I¿a-ßƒapl-Ω-Zv\_n(k) hniz-kn-°p-hm≥ \n¿tZin® A©p-Im-cy-ß-sf-°p-dn-®mWv Ign™ A[ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-cn-®Xv. Cu hnizm-k-Im-cy-ßƒ Ckvem-ans‚ AkvXn-hm-c-amWv. Ah-bn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-tXmsS \mw apkvenw kaq-l-Øn-ew-K-ambn. ]t£, ]cn-]q¿W- apkvenw BIp-∂n√. AXn\v apl-Ω-Zv\_n ssZh-Øn-¶¬\n∂v sIm≠p-h∂ imk-\-Iƒ A\p-kcn-°pI IqSnthWw. ImcWw, hnizm-k-tØm-sSm∏w kzbw _m[y-X-bm-bn-Øo-cp∂H∂mWv A\p-k-cWw. Ckvemw F∂Xv Xs∂ A\p-k-c-W-Øns‚ as‰mcpt]cm-Wt√m. Hcp ssZhsØ \mw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-tXmsS Nne Imcy-ßƒ\mw AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bmWv: Ah≥ \ΩpsS bP-am-\\pw \mw Ahs‚ Zmk-∑m-cp-amWv; Ah≥ \ΩpsS hn[n-I¿Ømhpw \mw Ahs‚ hn[n kzoI-cn-°p-∂-h-cp-amWv; Ah≥ \ΩpsS cmPmhpw \mw Ahs‚ ]P-bp-amWv. ssZhsØbP-am-\\pw hn[n-I¿Øm-hp-ambn kzoI-cn-®-tijw Ahs‚ imk-\-Iƒ [n°-cn-°p-∂Xv \mw Ip‰-hm-fn-I-fm-sW∂v kzbw kΩ-Xn-°-emWv. hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ ssZhnI KŸ-am-sW∂v kΩ-Xn-°p-∂-Xns‚ A¿Yw AXn-ep-≈-sX√mwssZhn-I-amWv F∂v \mw AwKo-I-cn-®p-sh-∂mWv. AtXmsS AX-∏Sn]mh¿Øn-I-am-°p-hm≥ \mw \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn -Øo-cp∂p. apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k)sb ]hm-N-I-\m-bw-Ko-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ \mw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂Xv At±-l-Øns‚ B⁄m-\n-tcm-[-ß-sf√mw ssZhn-I-amWv F∂tX. AtXmsSAt±-lsØ A\p-k-cn-°¬ \n¿_-‘-ambn. \ΩpsS I¿a-ß-sf√mw \ΩpsShnizm-k-Øn-∂-\p-k-cn-®m-hp-tºmtg \mw ]q¿W apkvenw-I-fmhq. Cs√-¶n¬\ΩpsS hnizmkw Zp¿_-e-amWv F∂p hcpw.

Cu I¿a-ßƒ GsXm-s°-bmWv? AXv kw_-‘n®v apl-Ω-Zv\_n(k)Fs¥m-s°-bmWv ]Tn-∏n-®Xv? Fs¥ms° A\p-jvTn-°m\pw Fs¥ms°h¿Pn-°p-hm-\p-amWv At±lw B⁄m-]n-®Xv? CXmWv C\n-bp≈ N¿®.A\p-jvTm-\-ß-fn¬ k¿h-]-[m-\-am-bn- p-≈Xv""C_m-ZØp''IfmWv. F¥mWv""C_m-ZØv?'' N¿®-bpsS XpS°w AXn¬\n-∂m-hs´.

C_m-Z-Øns‚ hnh£

""C_m-ZØn''s‚ A¿Yw ASn-a-hrØn F∂mWv. \mw ssZh-Øns‚ ASn-

5

88 CkvemwaXw

a-Ifpw*ssZhw \ΩpsS Bcm-[y\pw** bP-am-\\pw BIp∂p. ASna bP-am-\s‚ B⁄m-\p-h¿Øn-bm-bn-s°m≠v Fs¥ms° sNøp-∂pthm AXn-\mWv C_m-ZØv*** F∂p ]d-bp-∂Xv. P\-ß-fp-am-bp≈ kw`m-j-W-at[y\mw hymPtam ]c-Zq-j-Wtam Ak- ytam ]d-bp-∂n√. ImcWw, ssZhw AXv\ntcm-[n-®n-cn-°p∂p. kXyhpw \√-Xp-amb hm°p-Iƒ amXw \mw ]d-bp∂p.ImcWw, ssZhw AXn-jvS-s∏-Sp∂p. kw`m-jWw tIhew euInI Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn-®m-bm¬ t]mepw B kw`m-jWw Hcp C_m-Z-ØmWv. ImcWw,\ma-Xn¬ ssZh-lnXw am\n-®n-cn-°p∂p. \mw P\-ß-fp-ambn CS-]mSp \S-Øp∂p; hym]m-c-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp∂p. IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-tfm-sSmØv hkn-°p∂p;kvt\ln-X-∑m-cp-ambn kl-h-kn-°p∂p; Cu cwK-sØ√mw, ssZhnI imk\Ds≠-∂-Xn-\m¬ \mw A\y-cpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ hI-sh®p sImSp-°p∂p;Ahs‚ hne-°p≠v F∂-Xn-\m¬ Bcp-sSbpw Ah-Im-i-ßƒ A]-l-cn-°p-∂n√˛ Cßs\ kIe PohnX CS-]m-Sp-I-fnepw \mw ssZhnI imk-\-IƒIW-°n-se-Sp-°p∂p. F¶n¬ B PohnXw apgp-h≥ ssZh-Øn\v C_m-ZØvsNøp-∂-Xn¬ hn\n-tbm-Kn®p F∂m-W¿Yw. Hcmƒ AK-Xn-Isf klm-bn-°p∂p; hni-∂-h-∂m-lmcw sImSp-°p∂p; tcmKnsb ipiq-jn-°p∂p. Abm-fn-sX√mw sNøp-∂Xv t]cnt∂m s]cp-at°m kzm¿Y-em- -Ønt\m th≠n-b√. ssZh-Øns‚ s]mcpØw amX-amWv Abm-fpsS e£yw. F¶n¬ Btkh-\-ß-sf√mw ssZh-Øn-\p≈ C_m-Z-ØmWv. \nß-sfmcp sXmgn-en-te¿s∏- n-cn-°p∂p. AXn¬ ]q¿W-k-Xy-k-‘-Xbpw hniz-kvX-Xbpw I¿Ø-hy-t_m-[hpw ImWn-°p∂p. ssZhw A\p-h-Zn-®Xv amXw £n-°p∂p; Ah≥hntcm-[n-®Xv h¿Pn-°p∂p. CXn-s∂√mw ]tNm-Z-\tam ssZh- -bhpw. F¶n¬sXmgn-en-te¿s∏´ kabw apgp-h≥ \nßƒ ssZh-Øn\v C_m-ZØv sNøp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p˛ Pohn-Xm-h-iy-ß-fpsS \n¿h-l-W-Øn\mWv \nßƒ tPmensNbvXn-cp-∂sX-¶n¬ t]mepw. Npcp-°-Øn¬, kZm-k-a-bhpw kIe Imcy-ß-fnepw ssZhsØ kvacn-°pI, Ahs‚ AXr]vXn `b-s∏-SpI, Ahs‚]oXn ]Xo-£n-°pI, Ahs‚ \nb-a-ß-f-\p-k-cn-°pI, Ahs\ [n°-cn-®m¬In´m-hp∂ GXp em`hpw Xnc-kvI-cn-°pI, A\p-k-cn-®m¬ hcm-hp∂ B]-Øp-Iƒ kk-t¥mjw kln-°pI˛ CXmWv ssZh-Øn-\p≈ C_m-ZØv.B ań-ep≈ PohnXw BZy¥w C_m-Z-ØmWv. B Pohn-X-Øn¬ Xo‰bpwIpSnbpw \S-Øhpw Ccp-Øhpw Dd-°hpw DW¿®-bp-sa√mw C_m-Z-Øn¬Dƒs∏-ń-cn°pw.

CXmWv C_m-Z-Øns‚ bYm¿Y hnh£. apkvenw-Isf Cu \ne°vC_m-ZØv sNøp-∂-h-cm-°n-Øo¿°p-I-bmWv Ckvem-ans‚ e£yw. Cuhenb e£yw t\Sp-∂-Xn\v Ahsc k÷-am-°p∂ Nne Bcm-[-\m-ap-d-IƒCkvem-an¬ \nb-a-am-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p∂p˛ B henb C_m-Z-Øn-\p≈ Hcp"sSbn-\nßv tImgvkv' F∂ ań¬. Cu ""ssS\nßv''Xmc-X-tay\ \∂mbnIgn-°p-∂-h∂v B henb C_m-ZØv IqSp-X¬ \∂mbn \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥Ignbpw. C°m-c-W-Øm¬ B khn-tij Bcm-[\m apd-Iƒ hy‡n-I-fpsSta¬ ]tXyIw \n¿_-‘-am-°-s∏- n-cn-°-bmWv. Ahsb "A¿°m-\p-±o≥'

* A_vZv = ASna. ** aA-v_qZv= Bcm-[y≥, bP-am-\≥.

*** C_m-ZØv = ASn-a-hrØn, Bcm-[\.

89A\p-jvTm-\-I¿a-ßƒ

F∂v hnfn-°p∂p. ImcWw, Ckvem-ans‚ s\SpwXqWp-I-fm-Wh. Hcp sIńSwXqWp-I-fn¬ \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xp t]mse, Ckvem-anI Pohn-X-am-Ip∂ sIńSw]kvXpX XqWp-I-fnemWv \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv. Ah \o°w sNøpI F∂m¬,Ckvem-am-Ip∂ sIńSw Xs∂ s]mfn®p\o°pI F∂m-W¿Yw.

\a-kvImcw

B \n¿_‘ I¿a-ß-fn¬ ]Y-ahpw ][m-\hpw \a-kvIm-c-amWv.F¥mWv \a-kvImcw? \mw hniz-kn®pIgn™ kwK-Xn-Iƒ Zn\w]Xn A©p-t\cw hmNm˛I¿aWm Bh¿Øn-°pI. ]`m-X-Øn-se-gp-t∂-‰m¬ ico-c-ip≤nhcpØn \mw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cm-Ip∂p. Ahs‚ apºn¬ ssIsIń\nev°p∂p. Ccp∂pw Ip\n™pw kmjvSmwKw \an®pw \ΩpsS Zmkyw kΩ-Xn-°p∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ D¬IrjvS KpW-ßƒ FSp-tØmXn Ah∂vkvtXmXw sNøp-∂p. Ah-t\mSv klm-b-a¿Yn-°p-∂p. Ah-\n¬-\n∂vk∑m¿Kw tXSp∂p. A\p-k-c-W-]-Xn⁄ ]pXp-°p∂p; Ahs‚ ]oXnbpwtIm]-im-]-ß-fn¬\n∂v c£bpw t\Sm-\p≈ BKlw ASn-°Sn ]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂p. Ahs‚ al¬K-Ÿ-Ønse ]mT-ßƒ Bh¿Øn-®p-cp-hn-Sp∂p.Ahs‚ ZqXs‚ kXy-k-‘-X°v km£yw hln-°p∂p. Xm≥ hnNm-cWsNø-s∏-Sp∂ ssZhnIt°mS-Xn-bn¬ lmP-cm-tI≠ Znhkw A\p-kva-cn-°p∂p. C∆n-[-amWv \ΩpsS ]`mXw Bcw- n-°p-∂Xv. A\-¥cw, GXm\pwt\cw \mw kz¥w sXmgn-ep-I-fn¬ hym]r-X-cm-hp∂p. At∏m-tg-°p-aXm, apA-±n≥* hnfn-°p∂p: sX√p-t\-c-tØ-s°m-∂n-ßp- h-co≥; \ap°v ]mT-sam-∂m-h¿Øn-°Ww; ssZhsØ ad-∂p-t]m-hm-Xn-cn-°m≥ thKw hcp-ho≥. DSs\\mw Fgp-t∂‰v sN∂v hnizmkw ]pXp°n ho≠pw euInI ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ apgp-Ip∂p. kmbm-”-am-Ip-tºm-tg-°Xm ho≠pw apA-±ns‚ hnfn. ho≠pw\mw t]mbn hnizmkw ]pXp-°p∂p. ]ns∂ cmXn-bpsS Bcw- -Øn¬. cmXn-t]mepw \ΩpsS BZ¿i-hn-izm-k-ßƒ ad∂v hgn sX‰n-t∏m-h-cpXv. AXn-\m¬, ]I-ens‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ sNbvX I¿a-ßƒ cmXn-bpsS XpS-°-ØnepwsNøp∂p. sX√vt\cw Ign™v Dd-ßm-s\m-cp-ßp-tºmƒ Ah-km-\-am-sbm-∂p-IqSn hnizmkw ]pXp-°p-hm≥ \mw £Wn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. XnI®pw im¥hpw\n»-_vZ-hp-amb kabw. ]I-esØ _l-f-ß-fn¬ lrZ-b-km-∂n[yw e`n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-h¿°v B Ipdhv ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ ]‰nb t\cw. ]q¿W-a-\- -am-[m-\-tØmsS GIm-K-Nn-Ø-amb Hcp ]m¿Y\.

Ckvem-ans‚ ASn-ÿm-\sØ _e-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ al-Ømb I¿a-amWvA©p-t\-csØ \a-kvImcw. t\ctØ ]d™, hnim-em¿Y-Øn-ep≈ henbB C_m-ZØv \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥ AXv \sΩ k÷-am-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p.\ΩpsS Bfl-ip≤n, Bflob hf¿®, kz`mh I¿a-ß-fpsS kwkvI-cWwF∂n-h°v \nZm-\-amb hnizmk ssNX-\ysØ AXv kPo-h-ambn \n¿Øp-∂p. Fß\-sbt∂m? Xncp-ta\n(k) ImWn-®p-X∂ coXn-bn¬ amXta \mw"hpZp' sNøp-∂p≈q. Xncp-ta\n(k) ]Tn-∏n-®tX \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ \mw sNm√p-I-bp≈q. Xncp-ta-\nsb A\p-k-cn-°¬ \n¿_-‘-amWv F∂ t_m[w-sIm≠m-WnXv. a\x-]q¿hw sX‰n®v \mw Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw sNøp-I-bn√. ImcWw,AXv ssZh-hm-Iy-amWv F∂v \ap-°p-d-∏p≠v. \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ ]Xps°

* ]≈n-bn¬ _m¶p-hn-fn-°p∂ Bƒ.

90 CkvemwaXw

sNmt√-≠h \mw sNm√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂n√; X¬ÿm-\Øv a‰p h√Xpw sNm√p-I-bn√. Bsc `b-∂m-WnXv? ]Xps° sNm√p-∂Xv A\y¿ tIƒ°n-s√∂pd-∏m-Wv. F∂n´pw H∂pw hn´p-t]m-ImsX \mw sNm√p-∂Xv ssZh-aXv tIƒ°p-∂p≠v F∂ hnizmkw sIm≠mWv; FX \nKq-V-amb N\-e-ßfpw ssZh-Øn-∂-⁄m-X-a-s√-∂p≈ Dd® t_m[wsIm≠mWv. Bcpw ImWm-\n-√mØÿeØp t]mepw \mw \a-kvIm-c-Øn-∂m-sb-gp-t∂ev°p∂p. ssZhw kZm\sΩ ImWp-∂p-s≠∂ t_m[-a-√m-sX-¥m-Wn-Xn\v t]cIw? AXym-hiytPmen-Iƒ t]mepw \n¿Øn-sh®v \a-kvImcw IrXy-k-a-bØv Xs∂ \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥ \sΩ t]cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv, \a-kvImcw ssZh-amWv \n¿_-‘-am-°n-bXv F∂ Nn¥-bm-Wt√m. ssiXy-Im-e-∏p-e-cn-bnepw Kojva-Ime a[ym-”-ß-fnepw kmbm-”-ß-fnse hnt\m-Z-hn-ia thf-Ifnepw \sΩ \a-kvIm-c-Øn\v t]cn-∏n-°p-∂Xv I¿Ø-hy-t_m-[-a-√msX as‰-¥mWv? \a-kvImcw\mw hn´p-I-f-bm-ØXpw a\x-]q¿hw sX‰mbn \a-kvI-cn-°m-ØXpw ssZh- -bhpw ssZh-k-∂n -[n -bn¬ lmP-cm -tI-≠n -h -cp -sa∂ ZrV-hn -izm -khpwsIm≠mWv. \sΩ ]cn-]q¿W apkvenw-I-fm-°n-Øo¿°p-hm≥ \a-kvIm-c-sØ-°mƒ DØ-a-amb as‰mcp ssS\n-ßp-an-s√∂v Ct∏mƒ hy‡w.Fs¥ms° Imcy-ß-fn-emWo ]cn-io-e\w F∂p t\m°q: ssZh-kva-cW,ssZh- bw, ssZh- ‡n, ssZhw kZm IqsS-bp-s≠∂ hnizmkw, ssZhwF√mw ImWp-∂p-sh∂ t_m[w, ssZhn-I-t°m-S-Xn-bn¬ lmP-cm-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂hnizmkw XpS-ßn-b-h-sb√mw \mw Zn\w-]Xn, ]e-hpcp ]pXp-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p; \ntXy\ ]e-X-hW \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\nsb A\p-I-cn®p ]h¿Øn-°p∂p;ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ ISa \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥ \n›n-X-k-a-b-ß-fn¬ apd sX‰msXssZh-Øn∂p apºn¬ ]m¿Yn-°p∂p. CXn-s\-°mƒ DØ-a-amb as‰¥v ]cn-io-e-\-amWv C\n-bp-≈Xv? Cu ]cn-io-e\w kn≤n® P\w \a-kvImcwIgn™v temI-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ apgp-Ip-tºmƒ Xo¿®-bmbpw ssZhsØkvacn°pw; Ahs‚ tIm]w `b-s∏Spw; Ahs‚ imk-\-Iƒ inc-km-h-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. tZtl-—-Iƒ, ssZh-hn-cp≤ I¿a-ßƒ°v t]cn-∏n-°p∂kµ¿ -ß-fn¬ ssZhw Xßsf ho£n-°p-∂p-≠t√m F∂ t_m[w Ahsc]n¥n-cn-∏n°pw. F∂m¬, Cu D¬Ir-jvS-]-cn-io-e-\-Øn\v tijhpw HcmƒssZhsØ b-s∏-SmsX, ssZh-im-k-\-Iƒs°-Xn¿ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬Ip‰w Ah-s‚-XmWv˛ \a-kvIm-c-Øn-s‚-X√.

\a-kvImcw kwLw tN¿∂v \n¿h-ln-°m-\mWv Ckvemw B⁄m-]n-®n-´p-≈Xv. BgvN-bn-sem-cn-°¬ sh≈n-bm-gvNsØ ""PpapA''\a-kvImcwkwLw tN¿∂v \n¿h-ln-°¬ \n¿_‘w Xs∂-bmWv Xm\pw. CXv apkvenw-I-fn¬ sFIyhpw kmtlm-Z-cyhpw hf¿Øp∂p. Ahsc kwL-Sn-∏n®v i‡-cm-°p∂p. Ah-scm-∂mbn \n∂v Htc ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS a\- p-I-f-Sp-°p∂p. Xßƒ ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cm-sW∂ t_m[w Ah-cn¬hf-cp∂p. amX-a√, AXv apkvenw-I-fn¬ A®-S-°hpw Htc t\Xm-hns\ A\p-k-cn-°m-\p≈ a\-ÿn-Xnbpw hf¿Øp∂p. hyh-ÿm-]nX ]h¿Ø-\-Øn∂vAhsc ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p∂p. At\ym\yw A\p-I-ºbpw KpW-Imw-£bpw h¿[n-°p∂p. F√m-hcpw ka-∑m-cm-sW∂ Nn¥ hf-cp∂p. [\-hm\pw Zcn-Z\pwapX-em-fnbpw sXmgn-em-fnbpw hen-b-h\pw sNdn-b-h\pw Db¿∂-h\pw Xmgv∂-h\pw Htc ssZh-Øns‚ apºn¬ tXmtfmSv tXmƒ tN¿∂p \nev°p-I-bmWv,


kwL-SnX \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬. Hcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ Db¿®˛ XmgvN-Ifpw AhnsSImW-s∏-Sn√.

\a-kvImcw aqew \ap°v˛ssZh-Øn-\√˛e`n-°p∂ \nc-h[n kZv^-e-ß-fn¬ NneXp amX-am-Wn-∏-d-™-Xv. \ΩpsS t£aw ap≥\n¿Øn-bmWvssZhw \a-kvImcw \n¿_-‘-am-°n-bXv. \ma-X-\p-jvTn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv ssZh-Øn∂v A\n-jvS-ap-≠m-°p∂p. AXv, ]t£, ssZh-Øn-\-Xp-sIm≠v tZmjw`hn-®n- √. adn®v, \ap°v Xs∂ tZmj-I-c-am-bXp sIm≠mWv. \a-kvImcwhgn \ap°v FX al-Ømb i‡n-bmWv ssZhw \evIp-∂Xv! F∂n´pwAXv kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ \mw ssha-\kyw ImWn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ FXsImSnb \n¿`m-Ky-am-WXv! ssZh-Øns‚ Znhy-Xzhpw ssZh-Zq-X-t\m-Sp≈ A\p-k-cW_m[y-Xbpw ]c-tem-I-Ønse hnNm-c-W-bp-sa√mw \mw hmNm kΩ-Xn-°pI. F∂n´v, ssZhhpw ssZh-Zq-X\pw \ΩpsS ta¬ Npa-Ønb G‰hpwhenb I¿aw \n¿h-ln-°m-sX-bn-cn-°pI. F¥p-amXw e÷m-h-l-am-WXv!Cu \ne-]m-Sn∂v c≠n-semcp hymJym-\-ta-bp≈q. H∂p-In¬ \a-kvImcw\n¿_-‘-amWv F∂ Imcyw Xs∂ Abmƒ \ntj-[n-°p-I-bmWv. As√-¶n¬, \n¿_-‘-sa∂v kΩ-Xn-®p-sIm≠v Xs∂ AXv \n¿h-ln-°m-Xn-cn-°p-I-bmWv. H∂m-asØ \ne-]m-Sn-∂¿Yw hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\nepw ssZh-Zq-X-\nepwbYm¿Y-Øn-e-bmƒ°v hnizm-k-an√ F∂mWv. Ah-bn¬ hnizm-k-ap≠v F∂hmZw hymP-am-sW∂pw. c≠m-asØ \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-Is´, H´pwhnizm-k-tbm-Ky-c√˛ euInI Imcy-ß-fn¬ t]mepw. ssZh-tØm-Sp≈_m[yX \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn¬ h©\ sNøm≥ aSn-°m-Ø-h¿ ssZh-Øns‚krjvSn-I-tfmSv NXn sNøn-s√∂v F¥p-d∏v?

hXm-\p-jvTm\wc≠m-asØ \n¿_‘ I¿aw hX-amWv. \a-kvImcw Zn\w]Xn A©p-

t\cw Hm¿an-∏n-°p∂ ]mT-ßƒ hXw h¿j-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ Hcp amk-°mewHm¿an-∏n-°p∂p. da-Zm-\n¬ ]`mXw apX¬ ]tZmjw hsc Blm-c-]m-\o-b-ßƒ XS- -s∏-Sp∂p. AØmgw Ign-®p-sIm-≠n-cns°, kp_vlv \a-kvIm-c-Øn-∂p≈ _m¶vhnfn tIƒ°p-∂-tXmsS \mw A∂-]m-\-ß-fp-t]-£n-°p∂p.AXn¬]ns∂, AXn-cp-Nn-I-c-amb Blmcw e`n-®mepw, sImSpw hni∏pwZmlhpw A\p- -h-s∏- mepw k‘y-hsc \mw Xn∂p-Itbm IpSn-°p-ItbmsNøp-∂n√. GIm-¥-X-bn¬ t]mepw Hcp Pe-I-Wtam Hcp [m\y-a-WntbmIogvt∏m- n-d-°pI \ap°v km[y-a√. F∂m¬, k‘ym-]m¿Y-\-bpsS _m¶vhnfn apg-ßp-∂-tXmsS \mw t\mºv apdn-°m≥ [rXn-Iq- p∂p. ]ns∂, ]pe-cp-thmfw F¥pw Fhn-sS-sh®pw btYjvSw Ign-°p∂p. Cu Nn -I-sf√mw ]men-°p-hm≥ \sΩ t]cn-∏n-°p-∂-sX-¥mWv? ssZh `bhpw `‡nbpw. ssZhwF√mw ImWp-∂p-s≠∂ ZrV-hn-izmkw. ]c-tem-I-Po-hn-X-sØbpw ssZh-k-∂n-[n-bnse hnNm-c-W-sbbpw Ipdn® t]Sn; hnip≤ Jp¿-B-s\bpw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n-sbbpw IWn-i-ambn A\p-k-cn-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂ t_m[w˛Ch-sb-√m-amWv B t]c-I-i‡n. AXns‚ ê-ßtfm? t\mºv \Ωn¬ I¿Ø-hy-t_m-[hpw £am-io-ehpw hf¿Øp∂p. B]-Øp-Isf t\cn-Sp-hm-\p≈ Ign-hp-≠m-°p∂p; ssZh-ln-X-Øn\p apºn¬ tZtl-—-Isf \nb-¥n-°p-hm-\p≈]cn-io-e\w \evIp∂p. Hcp amk-°mew \ap°v Cu ]cn-io-e\w e`n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p. A°m-eØv, ap≥sNm∂ kZvKp-W-ßƒ \Ωn¬ kwPm-X-

92 CkvemwaXw

am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p. CXn∂v th≠n-bmWv h¿jw-tXmdpw da-Zm≥ amkwh∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv. AXp-hgn ]cn-]q¿Whpw ]cn-]-Iz-hp-amb apkvenw-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-hm≥ \ap°v km[n-°p∂p. Pohn-X-Øn¬ A\p-\n-anjw \n¿h-ln-t°≠ B henb C_m-ZØv sNbvXpXo¿°p-hm≥ \mw ]m]vXn t\Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.

as‰mcp hiw: t\mº-\p-jvTn-t°-≠Xv Hcp \n›nX amk-Øn-emWv˛ da-Zm-\n¬. temI-Ønse F√m apkvenw-Ifpw t\mº-\p-jvTn-°p-∂Xv Htc amk-Øn¬ Bbn-cn-°p-hm≥ th≠n-bm-WnXv. AXn¬ a‰p Nne KpW- -e-ßfpwA¥¿ -hn-®n- p≠v. apkvenw-Iƒ \nh-kn-°p∂ F√m ]tZ-i-ß-fnepw Hcpamk-°mew apgp-h≥ ]cn-ip-≤-amb A¥-co-£-am-bn-cn°pw˛ ssZh-kva-c-WbpwssZh- -‡nbpw ap‰n-\n-ev°p∂ A¥-co£w. F√m-h-cnepw kZzn-Nm-chpw hn\-bhpw amXw. I¿Ø-hy-t_m-[-Øm¬ DW¿∂ a\- p-Iƒ. Cu A¥-co-£-Øn¬ ZpjvI¿a-ßƒ kzbw A]-Xy-£-am-hp∂p. kXvI¿a-ßƒ taev°p-ta¬ hf¿∂phcn-Ibpw sNøp∂p. k÷-\-ßƒ kXvI¿a-ß-fn¬ ]c-kv]cwklm-bn-°p∂p. Zp¿P-\-ßƒ°v Ah-cpsS ZpjvsN-bvXn-I-fn¬ kt¶mNwtXm∂n-Øp-S-ßp∂p. kº-∂-cn¬ AKXnkwc-£-W-Øns‚ hnImcw hf-cp∂p. [\w ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ apºn-√m-Ø-hn[w sNe-h-gn-°-s∏-Sp∂p. kIeapkvenw-Ifpw Htc ÿnXn-bn-em-bn-Øo-cp∂p. X∑qew Ah-cn¬ Xß-sf√mwHtc ]m¿ń-bm-sW∂ t_m[w kwPm-X-am-Ip∂p. Npcp-°-Øn¬ apkvenw-I-fn¬ kvt\lhpw kmtlm-Z-cyhpw ]c-kv]-cm-\p-I-ºbpw sFIyhpw hf¿Øp-hm≥ t\mºv Atß-b‰w ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp∂p.

hX-a-\p-jvTn-°p-∂Xp aqew \ap°v e`n-°p∂ KpW-ß-fm-Wnh. \mwhni∏v kln-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠v ssZh-Øn\v H∂pw In´m-\n√. hXw \n¿_-‘-am-°n-bXv \ΩpsS amXw \∑ em°m-°n-bmWv. \ymb-amb Imc-W-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√msX Cu I¿aw \n¿h-ln-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-h¿ hmkvX-h-Øn¬ kzbwtZml-ta-ev]n-°p-I-bmWv. F∂m¬, ]cn-ip≤ da-Zm-\n¬, ]c-ky-ambn, \n -t¶mNw Xn∂pw IpSn®pw \S-°p-∂-h-cpsS ÿnXn-bmWv G‰hpw e÷m-hlw.Xßƒ apkvenw kaq-l-Øn¬ s]´-h-c-s√∂pw Ckvem-anI hn[n-IƒXßƒ°v H´pw hne-bn-s√∂pw Xpd∂v ]Jym-]n-°p-I-bm-W-h¿. AXp-hgnssZh-sa∂v AwKo-I-cn® i‡nsb ]c-ky-ambn [n°-cn -°p-hm≥Xßƒs°m´pw aSn-bn-s√∂pw Ah¿ sXfn-bn-°p∂p. apkvenw kwL-Øn¬\n∂v hn´p-\n-ev°p-∂Xv Hsc-fp-∏-ambn ImWp∂ Hcp hn`m-K-am-W-h¿. XßsfkrjvSn®v kwc-£n®pt]mcp∂ ssZh-tØmSv [n°mcw ]h¿Øn-°p-hm≥Hcp kt¶m-N-hp-an-√-h¿°v. ssZhnI imk-\-Iƒ ]c-ky-ambn ewLn-°p-∂-Xn-ep-an√ at\m-hn-jaw. Cu ań¬ Xß-fpsS G‰hpw henb t\Xmhv \n¿tZ-in® \nb-a-ßƒ t]mepw X≈n-°-f-bm≥ Ign-bp∂ Hcp P\-X-bn¬\n∂vh√ hniz-kvX-Xtbm IrX-⁄-Xtbm hmKvZ-Ø-\n¿h-l-Wtam I¿Øhyt_m[tam ]Xo-£n-°pI km[y-amtWm?

kImØv

aq∂m-asØ \n¿_-‘-I¿aw kIm-ØmWv. Hcm-fpsS ]°¬ Npcp-ßn-bXv 52 1/

2 Ddp-∏n-I-Øq°w sh≈n D≠m-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw AXv Hcp h¿jw

AtX ÿnXn-bn¬ Abm-fpsS hiw tijn-°p-I-bp-am-sW-¶n¬ AXn¬\n∂v


40-¬ Hcwiw(2 1/2%)kIm-Ømbn \evIWw.* Zcn-Z¿, AK-Xn-Iƒ, a\- n-W-

t°≠ Aap-kvenw-Iƒ, bmX-°m¿, IS-_m-[y-X-bn¬s]-´-h¿ apX-em-b-h¿°mWv AXv \evtI-≠Xv.** Cu hn[w kº-∂-cpsS [\-Øn¬ Npcp-ßn-bXv c≠c iX-am\w Zcn-Z-cpsS Ah-Im-i-am-sW∂v ssZhw \n›-bn-®n-cn-°p∂p.***AXn¬ IqSp-X-embn h√Xpw Zm\w sNømw. AXv DØ-a-amb ]pWy-I¿a-amWv. AXn∂v IqSp-X-embn ]Xn- ew e`n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.

kº-Øns‚ kIm-Ømbn \evIp∂ [\w e`n-°p-∂Xv ssZh-Øn-\√.\ΩpsS bmsXm∂pw Ah-∂m-h-iy-an√. F∂n´pw Ah≥ ]d-bp∂p: ""Fs∂amXw Dt±-in®v k∑-\-t msS Zcn-Z-k-tlm-Z-c-ßƒ°v \evIp∂ [\w ê-Øn¬ \nß-sf-\n°v \evIn-bXp t]mse-bmWv. AXn\v, sImSp-Ø-Xns‚FXtbm aSßv ]Xn- ew \nßƒ°v Rm≥ \evIpw. ]t£, Nne \n_-‘-\-I-fp≠v: sImSp-Ø-sX-SpØp ]d™v B km[p-hns\ \nß-fp-]-Z-hn-°-cpXv; Ahs\ \nµy\pw lo\-\p-ambn ImW-cpXv; Ah-\n¬\n∂v hmNm-bp≈ \µn-t]mepw ]Xo-£n-°-cpXv; \nß-fpsS Zm\-[¿a-ßƒ P\-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ sImń-tLm-jn-°-cpXv; \nßƒ henb [¿an-jvT-\m-sW∂v P\-ß-sf-s°m≠v kvXpXn-]m-Sn-°m≥ ian-°-bp-a-cpXv. CØcw lo\ Nn¥-I-fn¬\n∂va\ v ap‡-am-bn-cn-°bpw Fs‚ Xr]vXn amXw e£ywsh®v Zcn-Z¿°v \evIp-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ Fs‚ A£-b-[-\-Øn¬\n∂v imiz-X-amb Hmlcn\nßƒ°v Rm≥ \evIp-∂-XmWv.''

\a-kvIm-chpw hXm-\p-jvTm-\hpw t]mse kImØpw ssZhw \ΩpsSta¬ \n¿_-‘-am-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p. Ckvem-ans‚ AXn-]-[m-\-amb Hcp XqWm-WnXv. ssZhsØ amXw Dt±-in®v XymK-ßƒ hcn-°p-I-sb∂ kZvKpWwCXv hnizm-kn-I-fn-ep-f-hm-°p∂p. kzm¿Yw, IpSn-e-a-\-kvIX, [\-]qP XpS-ßnb Zp¿Kp-W-ßsf Zqco-I-cn-°p∂p. [\ ]qP-I\pw ]W-Øn\v th≠nPoh≥ If-bp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Zp¿tam-lnbpw ep_v[-\p-amb a\p-jy≥Ckvem-an\v Xosc ]tbm-P-\-an-√m-Ø-h-\mWv. A[zm-\n-®p-≠m-°nb ]Ww]Xn- -te-—-bn-√msX ssZhnI imk-\-b-\p-k-cn®v amXw _en-I-gn-°m≥k∂-≤-X-bp-≈-h¿t° Ckvem-ans‚ k¬]-Ÿm-hn-eqsS Ncn-°m-\mhq. CuXymK-k-∂-≤-X-°p≈ ]cn-io-e-\-amWv kImØv hgn apkvenw-Iƒ°v e`n-°p-∂Xv. ssZhnI am¿K-Øn¬ [\-hybw Bh-iy-ambn hcp-tºmƒ [\sØhmcn-∏p-W¿∂v Iq\n-°q-Sn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]Icw Xpd∂ a\-t msS kI-

*kImØv sh≈n°v amX-a√, kz¿Ww, cq], I®-h-S-®-c-°p-Iƒ, t]m‰p arK-ßƒ, Im¿jn-tIm-¬]-∂-ßƒ apX-em-b-h-°p-ap≠v. F∂m¬, Ah-bn¬ FX- Xp-I°v FX kImØv\n¿_-‘-am-sW∂pw a‰p-ap≈ kwK-Xn-Iƒ "^nJvlv' KŸ-ß-fn¬\n∂v ]Tn°mw. ChnsSkIm-Øns‚ KpW- -e-ßƒ hnh-cn-°p-I-bm-W-t±lw. sh≈n shdpw DZm-l-c-W-ambn ]d-™-XmWv. - ˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

** kImØv B¿s°-√m-amWv \evtI-≠Xv F∂v hnip-≤-Jp¿-B≥ 9 -mw A[ymbw (AØu_)60- mw kq‡-Øn¬ ImWmw.

*** ChnsS Hcp Imcyw ]tXyIw Kln-t°-≠-Xp≠v: \_n(k)Xncp-ta\n kz¥w IpSpw-_mw-K-ßƒ°v køn-Zvam¿°pw lminw Xmh-gn-°m¿°pw˛ kImØv \njn-≤-am-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p.køn-Zvamcpw lminw Xmh-gn-°mcpw Ah-cpsS [\-Øn∂v kImØv sImSp-°m≥ _m[y-ÿ-cmWv. F∂m¬, a‰p-≈-h-cn¬\n∂v kImØv kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ ]mSn√. Zcn-Z-\mb Hcpkøn-Zns\ Hcmƒ klm-bn-°m-\p-t±-in-°p∂ ]£w ""lZvb''(kw`m-h\) sImSp-°m-hp-∂-XmWv. kImØpw Zm\-[¿a-ßfpw Ah¿°v \evIm≥ ]mSn√.-

˛Jp¿inZv AlvaZv

94 CkvemwaXw

eXpw sNe-h-gn-°m≥ kImØv Ahsc k÷-cm-°p∂p.

kIm-Øp-sIm≠v sFln-I-Po-hn-X-Ønepw Nne kZv -e-ßƒ e`n-°m-\p≠v. apkvenw-Iƒ At\ym\yw klm-bn-°pI; Ah-cn¬ \·cpw hni-°p-∂-hcpw bmNn-°p-∂-hcpw C√m-Xn-cn-°pI; kº-∂¿ Zcn-Z-k-tlm-Z-c-ß-fpsSkwc-£Ww Gs‰-Sp-°pI; kºØv kz¥w kpJm-Uw-_-c-ßƒ°pwt]cn∂pw s]cp-a°pw th≠n hybw sNøm-Xn-cn-°pI; Xs‚ kº-Øn¬FXtbm t]¿°v Ah-Im-i-ap-s≠∂v a\- n-em-°pI˛ CsX√mw kIm-Øns‚ euInI KpW-ß-fn¬ Nne-XmWv. Hcp apkvenw kº-∂s‚ kzØn¬kzk-ap-Zm-b-Ønse A\m-Y-I-fp-sSbpw hn[-h-I-fp-sSbpw AK-Xn-I-fp-sSbpwAh-Im-i-ßƒ InS-∏p≠v. aqe-[-\-an-√m-ØXpsIm≠v Hcp sXmgn-en-te¿s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bm-Ø-h¿°pw apkvenw [\m-Vys‚ kº-Øn-e-h-Im-i-ap≠v. Zcn-Z-\m-bn-t∏m-b-Xp-aqew hnZy-b- y-kn-°m≥ Ign-bmsX t]mIp∂ Ipń-Iƒ°pwAbm-fpsS kzØn-e-h-Im-i-ap≠v. AwK- w-Ktam hm¿[-Iytam tcmKtam aqewsXmgn-se-SpØv Pohn-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-h¿°pw apkven-ans‚ kº-Øn-e-h-Im-i-ap≠v. Cu Ah-Im-i-ßƒ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h≥ ISpØ AI-an-bmWv. Hcphn`m-K-am-fp-Iƒ kºØv Ip∂p-Iq- n-sh-°pI; Aw_-c-Npw-_n-I-fmb aWn-ta-S-I-fn¬ aZn®v Pohn-°pI; AtX-k-abw kz¥w kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ Bbn-c-°-W-°n-\m-fp-Iƒ hni-∏-S-°m≥ KXn-bn-√msX \cIn-°p-Ibpw e£-°-W-°mb Ipń-Iƒ hnZy In´msX sX≠n-Øn-cn-bp-Ibpw \nc-h[n t]¿ sXmgn-en-√msX Ae-bp-I-bp-am-sW-¶n¬ AXn¬ ]cw IqcX as‰-¥mWv? CØcwkzm¿Y-ß-fpsS ITn\ iXp-hm-Wnkvemw. ssIbn¬h∂ kº-sØ√mw hmcn-°qń sh®v, ]en-i°v sImSpØv P\-ß-fpsS kºmZyw IqSn Xt‚-Xm-°pI˛CXv ssZh-\n-tj-[n-I-fpsS kwkvIm-c-amWv. F∂m¬, Ckvemw apkvenw-Isf ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv [\w fim-c-am°n sIń-∏qń sh°msX Bh-iy-Øn¬IqSp-X-ep-≈Xv kz¥w ktlm-Z-c-ßƒ°v \evI-W-sa-∂mWv Ah¿-°v kz¥wBh-iy-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-hm\pw Hcp sXmgn¬ Is≠-Øm\pw h√Xpw kºm-Zn-°p-hm\pw AXv Bh-iy-ambn hcn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬.

l÷v

\mem-asØ \n¿_-‘-Imcyw l÷mWv. CXv Bbp-jvIm-e-sØm-cn-°¬\n¿h-ln-°te \n¿_-‘-ap≈q. AXpw ]cn-ip-≤- a-° -hsc FØm≥ Ign-hp-≈-h¿°p amXw.

hnip≤ a°m ]´Ww F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ ]pWy- q-an-bn¬ Bbn-c-°-W-°mb kwh-’-c-ßƒ°p apºv C_vdm-low-\_n(A) ssZhm-cm-[-\-°mbnHcp sNdp- -h\w \n¿an®p. C_vdmlow \_n (A)bpsS Bflm¿Y-XbpsSbpwssZh-tØm-Sp≈ koam-Xo-X-amb kvt\lm-\p-cm-K-Øn-s‚bpw ê-ambnssZhw B h\w Xs‚-Xmbn \n›-bn®p. Xs∂ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-h¿ B ]pWy--h-\-Øn∂v t\sc Xncn-™p-\n∂v Bcm-[\ \n¿h-ln-°-W-sa∂pw Ign-hp≈

GsXmcp apkvenapw `qan-bpsS GXp mKØv Xma-kn°p∂-h-\m-bmepw˛B-bp-jvIm-e-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ B ]pWy- -h\w kµ¿in-°-W-sa∂pw B⁄m-]n®p. Ah¿, Xs‚ ]nb-s∏´ Zmk≥ C_vdm-lo-an-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xp-t]m-ep≈ssZhm-\p-cm-K-tØmSpw b- -‡n-tbmSpw Bflm¿Y-X-tbmSpw IqSn B ]pWy--h\w ]Z-£nWw sNøWw. amX-a√, Ahn-tS°v hcp-tºmƒ lrZbw, k¿h-


hn[ amen-\y-ß-fn¬\n∂pw ]cn-ip-≤-am-bn-cn-°Ww. tZtl-—-Isf \nb-¥n-®p-\n¿ØWw. ZpjvIr-Xy-ßfpw c‡-s®m-cn-®nepw Ak- y-hm-°p-Ifpw Xotch¿Pn-°Ww. km£m¬ ssZhw Xºp-cms‚ Xncp-k-∂n-[n-bn¬ lmP-cm-Ip-tºmƒ D≠m-bn-cn-t°≠ kI-e-hn[ acym-Z-I-tfmSpw ‡ym-Z-c-ß-tfmSpw IqSn-thWw AhnsS lmP-cm-hm≥. ]]-©-Øns‚ A[n-]\pw krjvSn-Pm-e-ß-fpsS Bi-b-tI-µ-hp-amb alm-cm-Pm-hns‚ Xncp-k-∂n-[n-bnte-°mWv t]mIp-∂-sX∂ t_m[w Ah-cn-ep-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww. Cu am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-tbmsS,ip≤-lr-Z-b-tØmsS ]pWy- q-an-bn¬ h∂v ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°p∂ ]£wAhs‚ A\p-Kl ISm-£-ßƒ Ah-cpsS ta¬ h¿jn-°p-∂-XmWv.

Hcp \ne°v ho£n-°p-tºmƒ G‰hpw henb C_m-Z-ØmWv l÷v.ssZh-tØmSv \n o-a-amb kvt\lhpw ‡ym-Z-c-hp-an-√msX, tPmen-I-sf√mw\n¿Øn-sh®v _‘p-an-Xm-Zn-I-sf-sb√mw th¿]n-cn™v Zo¿Ln® Hcp bmX-bpsS t¢i-ßƒ kln-°m≥ a\p-jy≥ apXn-cptam? B \ne°v l÷n-\p≈Dt±iyw Xs∂ ssZh-kvt\-l-Øn\pw \njvI-f-¶-X-°p-ap≈ ZrjvSm-¥-atX.a‰p bmX-I-fn¬\n∂pw XnI®pw `n∂-amWv l÷p-bmX. Cu bmX-bn¬Ahs‚ lrZbw Gsdbpw ssZh-k-hn-[-Øn-em-bn-cn°pw. AIw \ndsb ssZh-kvt\-lhpw ‡n-bp-am-bn-cn°pw. ]cn-ip≤ IA-v_-tbm-S-Sp°pw tXmdpw ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\lm-\p-cmKw a\- n¬ Pzen®p XpS-ßpw. ]m]-ß-sfbpwssZh-hn-cp≤ sNbvXn-I-sfbpw Ah≥ shdpØp XpSßpw. sNbvXp t]mb]m]-ß-fn¬ e÷bpw ]›m-Øm-]hpw tXm∂pw. `mhn-bn¬ A\p-k-c-W-ap≈ Zmk-\mbn Pohn-°m≥ A\p-K-ln-t°-W-ta-sb∂v ssZh-tØm-S-h≥D≈-gn™p ]m¿Yn°pw. ssZh-kva-c-W-bnepw ssZhm-cm-[-\-bnepw Ah∂vFs¥-∂n-√mØ B\µw tXm∂n-Øp-Sßpw. Zo¿L-amb kmjvSmwK \a-kvIm-c-ß-fn¬\n∂v inc- p-b¿Øm-\m-hmØ Hc-h-ÿ-bp-f-hmIpw. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]mcm-bWw sNøp-tºmƒ A`q-X-]q¿h-amb Hc-\p- q-Xn-bp-≠mIpw. hX-sa-Sp-°p∂ ]£w AXns‚ A\p- hw Ahm-Ny-am-bn-cn°pw. ]pWy- q-an-bmblnPm-kn¬ Imep-Ip-Øp-tºm-tg°pw Ckvem-ans‚ BZy-Ime Ncn-X-ß-sf√mw Ne-®n-X-Øn-se-t∂mWw Iäp-ºn-eqsS HmSn-Øp-S-ßp∂p.ssZhsØ AXn-c‰v kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw ssZh-Øns‚ am¿K-Øn¬ Poh-\¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-h-cpsS kvamc-I-ßƒ Hmtcm Ime-Sn-bn-ep-a-h≥ ImWp∂p.Hmtcm aW¬Ø-cnbpw Ckvem-ans‚ amlm-fly-Øn\v km£yw hln-°p∂p.Ckvemw P∑wsIm≠ B ]pWy- qan, ssZh-hmIyw sh∂n-s°mSn \mńbB ]qWy-`qan CXm-sW∂v Hmtcm knI-X-I-Whpw hnfn®p ]d-bp∂p.Cßs\ ]pWy- q-an-bn-se-Øp∂ hnizm-kn-bpsS lrZbw AXn-c‰ ssZh-kvt\-l-Øm¬ \nd-s™m-gp-Ip∂p. Ckvem-an-t\m-Sp≈ AZ-ay-amb t]a-Øm¬]pf-I-a-Wn-bp∂p. acWw hsc am™p-t]m-ImØ at\m-lc NnX-ßƒ a\- n¬ ]Xn-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cn°pw Ah≥ l÷v Ign™v aS-ßp-∂Xv.

C\n, l÷ns‚ ùXnI t\ -ß-sf¥v F∂p t\m°mw. l÷v Imc-W-ambn ]cn-ip≤ a° temI apkvenw-I-fpsS tIµ-ambn amdn. ssZh-\m-a-ap-cp-hn-Sp∂ ]c- k-lkw P\-ßƒ ]Xn-h¿jw temI-Øns‚ \m\m- m-K-Øp-\n∂pw AhnsS ktΩ-fn-°p-Ibpw At\ym\yw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂p.Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ Ckvem-anI kmtlm-Z-cy-t_m[w hf-cm≥ AXv klm-bn-°p∂p. GXv \m´p-Imtcm GXv hwi-°mtcm BIs´, hnizm-kn-Iƒ ]c-

96 CkvemwaXw

kv]cw ktlm-Z-c-ßfpw Htc kap-Zm-b-Ønse AwK-ß-fp-am-sW∂ t_m[wAh-cn¬ thcq-∂p∂p. CXv ImcWw, ssZh-Øn\p≈ Hcp Bcm-[-\-bm-b-tXm-sSm∏w Xs∂, l÷v, Hc-Jn-e-temI apkvenw hm¿jnI alm ktΩ-f-\-hp-amWv. km¿h-eu-In-Im-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ apkvenw-I-fn¬ sFIy-t_m[whf¿Øm-\p-X-Ip∂ G‰hpw ê-]-Z-amb Hcp thZnbpw.

Ckvem-an-I-tk-h\w

ssZhw hnizm-kn-IfpsS ta¬ Npa-Ønb _m[y-X-I-fn-sem-Sp-hn-e-tØXvCkvem-anI tkh-\-am-Ip∂p; Ckvem-ans‚ kvXw -ß-fn-sem-∂mbn AXns\]cn-K-Wn-®n- n-s√-¶nepw Ckvem-an-I-amb _m[y-X-I-fn¬ AXn-]m-[m-\y-a¿ln-°p∂ H∂m-W-Xv. hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\nepw \_n-h-N-\-ß-fnepw CtX-∏‰n I¿i-\-amb imk-\-I-fp-≠v.

Ckvem-anI tkh\w F∂-Xp-sIm≠v F¥mWv \mw A¿Y-am-°p-∂Xv?Ckvem-an-Im-Z¿isØ kwc-£n-°p-hm-\p≈ ia-ß-fmWv AXp-sIm-≠p-t±-iyw. AsX-¥n\v \n¿_-‘-am°n? Hcp-Zm-l-c-W-Øn-eqsS CXv hy‡-am-°mw:kplr-Ømbn mhn-°p∂ Hcp Iq´p-Im-c-\p≠v \nßƒ°v. Ah∂v \nß-tfmSvXosc A\p- m-h-an-s√-∂m-W-\p- -hw. \nß-fpsS em -\-jvS-ßfpw KpW-tZm-j-ßfpw Ah∂v ]iv\ta-b-√. kz¥w em`w Dt±-in®v \nßƒ°v \jvS-ap-≠m-°p∂ ]hr-Øn-Iƒ sNøm≥ Hcp aSn-bp-an-√-bmƒ°v. AXp-t]mse\nßƒ°v em`w In´p∂ cwK-ß-fn¬, Ah∂v t\ -an-s√∂ Imc-W-Øm¬,Ah≥ kl-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. B]-ZvL- -ß-fn¬ \nß-sf-b-h≥ klm-bn-°p-∂n-√. A\y¿ \nßsf iIm-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ah-\pw Ah-tcm-sSm∏w tNcp-∂p.As√-¶n¬ au\w ]men-°p-∂p. iXp-°ƒ \nßƒs°-Xnsc \S-Øp∂ ]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ Ah\pw ]¶p-tN-cp-∂p. As√-¶n¬ \nßsf klm-bn-°msX\n w-KX ]pe¿Øp-∂p. CØcw Hcp hy‡nsb \nßƒ kp-lr-Ømbn IW-°m-°ptam? Cs√∂v Xo¿®. ImcWw, kulrZw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p-s≠-¶nepwkXy-Øn¬ Abm-fpsS a\- n-e-Xn-√. bYm¿Y kvt\ln-X≥ \nßsf\njvIf-¶-ambn kvt\ln-°pw. \nß-tfmSv A\p-I-ºbpw KpW-Imw-£-bp-ap-≠m-Ipw. B]-ZvL- -ß-fn¬ \nßƒ°v XpW-bm-hpw. iXp-°ƒs°-Xn-cn¬\nßsf klm-bn-°pw. A\y≥am¿ \nßsf Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv t]mepwAbmƒ°v Ak-ly-am-bn-cn-°pw.

Cu DZm-l-cWw apºn¬sh®v, apkvenw-Iƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬ \ap°v h∂ptNcp∂ _m[yX Fs¥∂v Btem-Nn®p t\m°q. \mw apkvenw-Iƒ BsW-¶n¬ Ckvem-an-t\mSv \ΩpsS kao-]\w F¥m-bn-cn-°Ww? Ckvem-an-t\mSv\ap°v XnI™ Iqdpw kvt\lhpw thWw; hnizm-k-Øn\v th≠n kI-eXpw _en-b¿∏n-°m-\p≈ k∂-≤-X-bp-≠m-h-Ww. apkvenw-I-tfm-Sp≈ KpW-Imw£ \ΩpsS hnIm-c-ambn amd-Ww. \ΩpsS ]hr-Øn-I-fn-se√mw Ckvem-ans‚ Xm¬]-cyhpw apkvenw-I-fpsS \≥abpw ho£n-°-Ww. kz¥w em -\-jvS-ßƒ am\-Z-WvU-am°n Ckvem-ans‚ e£y-ßƒ°pw apkvenw-I-fpsS\≥a°pw FXn-cmb ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-te¿s∏-S-cp-Xv. Ckvem-an-s‚bpw Ckvem-anI kwL-S-\-Ifp-sSbpw A¥ v kz¥w A¥- mbn IW-°m-°-Ww.kz¥w Imcy-Øn¬ lo\Xzhpw A]-am-\hpw kln-°m-Ø-t]mse Ckvem-an\pw apkvenw-Iƒ°pw t\cn-Sp∂ am\-lm-\nbpw \ap-°-k-ly-am-bn-cn-°-Ww.


\mw \ap-s°-Xn-cmbn iXp-]-£Øv tNcm-ØXp t]mse Ckvem-an\pwapkvenw-Iƒ°p-sa-Xn-cmbpw FXn¿]£Øv tNcm-Xn-cn-°-Ww. kz¥w Poh-s‚bpw [\-Øn-s‚bpw am\-Øn-s‚bpw c£°v XymK-k-∂-≤-cm-Ip-∂-Xp-t]mse Ckvem-an-s‚bpw apkvenw-I-fp-sSbpw Imcy-Ønepw \mw XymK-k-∂-≤-cm-I-Ww.

CXmWv Ckvem-ans\ kwc-£n-°pI F∂-Xn-e-S-ßnb Bi-bw. CXn\vCkvem-ans‚ kmt¶-XnI `mj-bn¬ "PnlmZv' F∂v ]d-bp-∂p. kp]-[m-\-amb Hcp e£y-Øn-\mbn apgp-i-‡nbpw ]tbm-Kn®p bXv\n-°pI F∂mWvPnlmZv F∂ ]Z-Øn\¿Yw. Cu A¿Y-Øn¬ ssZh-hm-Iy-Øns‚ D∂-Xn-°mbn tZlw, [\w, \mhv, t]\, ssIIm-ep-Iƒ F∂n-h-sb√mw D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn A[zm-\n-°p-∂-h¿ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ "PnlmZv'sNøp-∂-h-cm-Wv. Ckvem-ans‚ iXp-°ƒs°-Xn-sc, Dt±-iy-ip-≤n-tbmsS \S-Øp∂ kmbp-[-k-a-c-Øn\pw PnlmZv F∂ ]Zw D]-tbm-Kn-°m-dp-≠v. CuPnlmZv apgp-h≥ apkvenw-Iƒ°pw \n¿_-‘-am-sW-¶nepw Hcp hn`mKw AXv\n¿h-ln-°p-∂-]£w a‰p-≈-h¿ _m[y-Xm-ap-‡-cmIpw.* Hcn-kvem-anIcmjvSsØ iXp-°ƒ BI-an-°p∂ ]£w Cu kacw F√m-h¿°pw \n¿_-‘-ambnØocp-∂-Xm-Wv˛ \a-kvIm-chpw t\mºpw t]mse. C\n, B cm-Py-Ønse ]uc≥am¿°v kzbw iXp-hns\ sNdp-°m-\m-hp-∂n-s√-¶n¬, AhsctZlwsIm≠pw [\w-sIm≠pw klm-bn-t°-≠Xv Ab¬\m-Sp-I-fnse apkvenw-Iƒ°pw _m[y-X-bm-bn-Øo-cpw. AXp-sIm≠pw iXp-°sf ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°m≥Ign-bmsX h∂m¬ Bhpw-hn-[-sa√mw B cmjvSsØ kwc-£n-t°-≠XvtemI-ap-kvenw-Iƒs°√mw, \a-kvIm-chpw hXm-\p-jvTm-\-hp-sa-∂-t]mse\n¿_-‘-am-Wv. F∂p-am-X-a-√, AØcw L -ß-fn¬ Pnlm-Zns‚ ]m[m\yw\a-kvImcw, t\mºv F∂n-h-sb-°mfpw IqSp-Xembn-cn-°pw. ImcWw,hnizmkw ]co-£n-°-s∏-Sp∂ L -am-W-Xv. B]ZvL- -Øn¬ Ckvem-an-s\bpwapkvenw-I-sfbpw ssIsbm-gn-°p-∂-hs‚ "Cuam≥' Xs∂ kwi-bm-kv]-Z-am-Wv. F∂n-cns°, Ahs‚ \a-kvIm-cw-sIm≠v F¥v ]tbm-P\w? Ahs‚t\mºn\v F¥p-hne? F∂m¬ CØcw L -ß-fn¬ iXp-]£w tNcp∂h©-I¿ ap\m- n-Jp-Iƒ (I-]-S≥am¿) BsW-∂-Xn¬ H´pw kwi-b-an-√. Ah-cpsS apkvenw F∂ hmZhpw \a-kvIm-cw, t\mºv, kIm-Øv, l÷v XpS-ßnb Bcm-[-\-Ifpw XnI®pw \njv]-tbm-P-\-hp-am-Wv.

* CØcw kmaq-ly-_m-[y-X-Iƒ°v I¿a-im-kvX-Øns‚ kmt¶-XnI mj-bn¬ "^¿Zv In^mb'F∂v ]d-bp-∂p. Hmtcm hy‡n°pw _m[-I-am-Ip-∂-hsb "^¿Zv sF≥' F∂mWv ]d-bp-I.

Zo\pw ico-AØpw\man-Xp-hsc ]d-™-sX√mw "Zo\n's\ kw_-‘n-®m-Wv. C\n, apl-ΩZv\_n-bpsS "ico-AØn's\°p-dn-®m-Wv ]d-bp-∂-Xv. BZy-ambn "ico-AØv'F∂m¬ F¥m-sW∂pw Zo\pw ico-AØpw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw F¥m-sW∂pw ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

]hm-N-I≥am-sc√mw Ckvemw "Zo\n-'s\-bmWv ]Tn-∏n-®n-cp-∂Xv F∂vap≥ A[ym-b-ß-fn¬ hy‡-am-°n-bn- p-≠-t√m. AXns‚ cXv\-®p-cp°w CXm-Wv. ssZh-Ønepw Ahs‚ KpW-K-W-ß-fnepw ]c-tem-I-Ønse c£min£-I-fnepw hniz-kn-°pI; ssZhn-I-K-\v-Y-ßsf ]q¿W-ambn kzoI-cn-°p-IbpwAh \n¿tZ-in-°p∂ am¿Kw kXy-am-sW∂v kΩ-Xn®v Ah-bpsS am¿K-Z¿i\w kzoI-cn®v Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. ssZh-Øns‚ ]hm-N-Is\ amXwamXr-Im-]p-cp-j-\mbn kzoI-cn®v At±-lsØ A\p-K-an-°pI; ssZh-Øn-\p≈]tXyI KpW-ß-fntem A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-ß-fntem krjvSn-Isf ]¶p-tN¿°m-Xn-cn-°p-I˛ CXn-s\m-s°-bmWv "Zo≥' F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

ico-AØv F∂m¬ \nb-a-hy-hÿ F∂m-W¿Yw. Bcm-[-\m-I-aw,kmwk¿KnI coXn-Iƒ, CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ, I¿a-ß-fnse A\p-h-Z-\o-b-Xbpw \njn-≤-Xbpw XpS-ßn-bh kw_-‘n® \nb-a-ßƒ. Hmtcm ]hm-N-I\pw kzP-\-X°v [m¿anI kZm-Nm-c- -kmw-kvIm-cnI Imcy-ß-fn¬ ]tXyIw ]tXyIwin£-W-]-cn-io-e-\-ßƒ \evIp-I-bp-≠m-bn. hnhn[ P\-k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fp-sSbpwAh¿ Po-hn® Ime-L -ß-fp-sSbpw Bh-iy-ßfpw Ah-ÿ-I-fpw IW-°n-se-Sp-Øp-sIm-≠p≈ \nb-a-ß-fmWv ]mcw` L -Øn¬ \evIn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬, Hmtcm kap-Zm-b-Øn\pw \evInb \nb-a-kw-ln-X-Iƒ hyXy-kvX-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. a\p-jys‚ hf¿® Iam-\p-K-X-ambn ]q¿WX ]m]n-®-t∏mƒssZhw apl-ΩZv\_n(-k) hgn imiz-Xhpw km¿h-eu-In-I-hp-amb Hcp kaK\nbaw \evIp-Ibpw At±-lsØ k¿h-temI ]hm-N-I-\mbn \nb-an-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. B \nb-a-kw-lnX a\p-jy-cm-in°p apgp-h\pw _m[-I-am-b-Xm-Wv. apl-ΩZv\_n ]Tn-∏n® "Zo≥' ap≥ ]hm-N-I≥am-sc√mw ]Tn-∏n®AtX Zo≥ Xs∂. ]t£, ico-AØv ]pXn-b-Xm-Wv. ]gb icoAØp-I-sf√mw Cu ]pXnb ico-AØv h∂-tXmsS Zp¿_-e-s∏- p.

6

99Zo\pw ico-AØpw

ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-Iƒ Fßs\ Adnbmw?

apl-ΩZv\_n(-k) hgn \evI-s∏´ ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-Ifpw kn≤m-¥-ß-fp-a-dn-bp-hm≥ c≠p am¿K-ß-fm-Wp-≈Xv: ]cn-ip≤ Jp¿B\pw lZo-kp-am-W-h. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ssZh-t]m-‡-am-Wv. F∂m¬, lZokv Xncp-ta-\n-bn¬\n∂pw hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-ambn \ap°v e`n-®n- p≈ dnt∏m¿´p-I-fm-Wv.apl-Ω-Zv\-_n(-k)-bpsS PohnXw apgp-h≥ hnip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚ hymJym-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]hm-N-IXzw e`n-®-Xp-ap-X¬ 23 kwh-’-c-ßƒ At±lw P\-ßƒ°v in£Ww \evIn-t∏m-∂p. ssZh-ln-X-a-\p-k-cn®v PohnXw \bn-t°-≠-sX-ßs\sb∂v At±lw Xs‚ hm°p-Ifpw ]hr-Øn-Ifpw hgn P\-ßsf ]Tn-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Xncp-ta-\n-bpsS kl-Nm-cn-I-fmb A\p-N-c≥am¿At±-l-Øns‚ Hmtcm hm°pw ki≤w tIƒ°p-Ibpw Hmtcm Ne-\-ßfpwkkq£vaw ho£n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. Xßƒ t\cn-Sp∂ Pohn-X-]-iv\-ßƒ°v ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-sb-s¥∂v Xncp-Zq-XtcmSh¿ At\z-jn-®-dn-™p.Nne-t∏mƒ At±lw "AXv sNøpI', "CXv sNø-cpXv' F∂n-ßs\ hn[n\evIpw. AXn∂v km£n-I-fm-Ip-∂-h¿ AXv lrZn-ÿ-am-°pw. At∏m-g-hn-sS lmP-cn-√m-Xn-cp∂h¿°v Adn-bn®psImSp-°pw. As√-¶n¬, Xncp-Zq-X¿ Hcp]hrØn Hcp ]tXyI coXn-bn¬ \n¿h-ln-®n-cn-°pw. I≠p-\n-ev°p-∂-h¿B coXn a\- n-em°n ImWm-Ø-h¿°v hnh-cn-®p-sIm-Sp-°pw. AXp-a-s√-¶n¬Xncp-k-∂n-[n-bn¬shs®m-cmƒ Hcp ]hrØn sNøp-∂p. Xncp-ta\n AsX-∏‰n au\w Ah-ew-_n-°p-∂p. As√-¶n¬ kt¥mjw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p. AXp-a-s√-¶n¬ XS-bp-∂p. P\-ßƒ AXv I≠pw tI´pw a\- n-em-°p-∂p. Cuań¬ Xncp-Zq-X-cpsS A\p-N-c≥am-cn¬\n∂v a‰p-≈-h¿°v e`n® kwK-Xn-IƒNne¿ a\x-]m-T-am°n; a‰p -Nn-e¿ Fgp-Xn-kq-£n®p. Hmtcm Imcy-Ønepw AXv,B¿ aptJ\ e`n®p F∂p-t]mepw Ah¿ tc-J-s∏-Sp-Øn. Ime-I-taW Btc-J-I-sf√mw KŸ-ß-fn¬ kam-l-cn-°-s∏- p. C∆n[w lZo-kp-I-fpsS Hcpalm- -WvUmcw Xs∂ \ap°v e`n-®n- p-≠v. Ah-bn¬ Camw amen-Iv, Camw_pJm-cn, Camw apkvenw, Camw Xn¿ap-Zn, Camw A_q-Zm-hq-Zv, Camw \km-Cu, Camw C_v\p-amP F∂o alm≥am-cpsS KŸ-ß-fmWv IqSp-X¬ hnizm-k-tbm-Ky-ambn Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

^nJvlv

hnip≤ Jp¿-B-s‚bpw lZo-kn-s‚bpw hn[n-I-fn¬ Kth-jWw \S-Øn,Nne tijvT-]-WvUn-X≥am¿, s]mXp-P-\ -ku-I-cym¿Yw Xøm-dm-°nb hniZ\nb-a-ßƒ°mWv "^nJvlv' F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\nse AXn-kq-£va-amb kwK-Xn-Iƒ apgp-h≥ F√m-h¿°pw Kln-°m≥ Ign-™p-sIm-≈-W-sa-∂n-√. ico-AØvhn[n-I-sf√mw kzbw Kln-°m≥ Ign-bpw hn[w\_n-h-N-\-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p-≈ -]-cn-]q¿W -⁄m-\hpw F√m-h¿°p-an-√. AXn-\m¬, \nc-h[n kwh-’-c-ßƒ Aim-¥-]-cn-iaw \S-Øn, Kl-\-amb \nco-£-W- -K-th-j-W-ßƒ hgn ^nJvlv tImUo-I-cn® ]WvUnX alm-flm-°-tfmSv apkvenw-temIw Fs∂∂pw IS-s∏- -h-cm-Wv. ]c-tImSn apkvenw-Iƒ°vico-A-Øns\ \njv]-bmkw A\p-K-an-°m\pw ssZh-Øn-s‚bpw ssZh-Zq-X-s‚bpw B⁄-Iƒ Ffp-∏-Øn¬ Kln-°m\pw C∂v Ign-bp-∂Xv B alm-flm-°-f-psS tkh-\- -e-am-bn- m-Wv.

100 CkvemwaXw

]mcw -Øn¬ FXtbm alm-flm-°ƒ Xß-fp-sS-Xmb Kth-jW coXn-b-\p-k-cn®v "^nJvlv' cNn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ \mev I¿a-imkvX coXn-I-fmWv Ah-ti-jn-®-Xv. C∂v apkvenw-Ifn¬ `qcn-]-£hpwB \mev ^nJvlpI-fn-sem-∂ns\ A\p-K-an-°p-∂-h-cm-Wv. Camw A_q-l-\o- (-d), Camw amen-Iv(-d), Camw im^n-Cu(-d), Camw Alva-Zp_v\p lº¬(d) F∂n-h-cmWm ]WvUn-X¿. AhcpsS I¿a-im-kvX-ßƒ bYm-Iawl\ô ^nJvlv, amenIo ^nJvlv, im^n-Cu - nJvlv, lºeo ^nJvlvF∂o t]cp-I-fn-e-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.*

Cu \mev ^nJvlp-Ifpw \_n-Xn-cp-ta-\n°v tijw c≠v \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°Iw tImUo-I-cn-°-s∏- n-cp-∂p. Ah-bn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ A`n-]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ßƒ kzm`m-hnIw amXw. GXm\pw t]¿ Hcp hnj-b-Øn¬ Kth-j-W- -]-T-\-ßƒ \S-Øp-tºmƒ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ XΩn¬Aev]mev]w hyXymkw D≠m-sb∂v hcpw. ]kvXpX Cam-ap-I-sf√mw Xs∂kXy-k-‘cpw Bflm¿Y-Xbpw Dt±iy ip≤nbpw D≈-hcpw Bbn-cp-∂p.apkvenw-I-tfm-S-h¿°v KpW-Imw£ amX-am-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. AXn-\m¬,]kvXpX \mev ^nJvlp-I-sfbpw apkvenw-temIw icn-h-°p-Ibpw AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F∂m¬, Hcp hnj-b-Øn¬ Hcp am¿Kta Ah-ew-_n-°m≥ ]‰q. Htc Ah-kcw \mev hn`n∂ am¿K-ßsf Ah-ew-_n-°pI km[y-a-√. AXn-\m¬, ]kvXpX \mev am¿K-ß-fn-sem-∂ns\ A\p-K-an-°-W-sa-∂mWv ]WvUn-X≥am-cn¬ `qcn-]-£hpw A`n-]m-b-s∏- n- p-≈-Xv. CXn-\p-]p-dta Hcp ]tXyI ^nJvlns\ A\p-K-an-t°-≠-Xn-√. hyXykvX ImgvN-∏m-Sp≈ thsdmcp Iq´w ]WvUn-X≥am-cp-≠v. Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv, Adn-hp-≈-h¿hnip≤Jp¿-B-\n¬\n-∂pw lZo-kp-I-fn¬\n∂pw t\cn v ico-AØvhn[n-IƒI≠p-]n-Sn-°Ww F∂m-Wv. Adn-hn-√m-Ø-h¿°v, Xßƒ IqSp-X¬ kzoIm-c-tbm-Ky-\mbn°mWp∂ ]WvUn-Xs\ A\p-K-an-°p-I-bm-hmw. Cu hn`mKw]WvUn-X≥am¿ Alvep¬ lZokv F∂m-W-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. \mev ^nJvlp-

* I¿a-im-kvX-Ønse hyXykvX Nn¥m-]-ÿ-m-\-ß-fpsS Imehpw C∂sØ \nebpw bYm-Iaw NphsS tN¿°p∂p:

1) Camw A_q-l-\o- (-d) lnPvd 80 (In. 699)¬ `qPm-X-\m-bn. ln. 150(-In. 767)¬ \ncym-X-\m-bn. H´msI 34 tImSn l\ô aZvl-_p-Im-cmWv C∂p temI-Øp-≈-Xv. Xp¿°n, ]m°n-ÿm≥, C¥y, A vKm-\n-ÿm≥, Sm≥kv tPm¿Um≥, C≥tUm- -ssN-\, ssN\, tkmhn-b‰v djy F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-emWv Ah¿ ][m-\-ambpw tIµo-I-cn-®p-Im-Wp-∂-Xv.

2) Camw amen-Iv(-d) ln: 93(-In. 714)¬ `qPm-X-\m-bn. ln. 179 (In. 798)¬ \ncym-X-\m-bn.amenIo aZvl-_p-Im-cpsS BsI AwK-kwJy \mec tImSn hcpw. samtdm-t°m, AƒPo-cn-bm, Sp\o-jy, kpUm≥, Ipssh-Øv, _lvssd≥ F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-emWv Ah¿ ][m-\-ambpwtIµo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

3) Camw im^n-Cu(-d) ln. 150 (In. 767)¬ `qPm-X-\m-bn. ln. 241(-In. 854)¬ \ncym-X-\m-bn.H´msI 10 tImSn apkvenw-I-fmWv im^nCu aZvl-_p-Im-cmbn temI-Øp-≈-Xv. e-kvXo≥,e_-\m≥, CuPn-]vXv, CdmJv, kpDuZn Atd-_y, ba≥, C≥tUm-t\jy F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-emWv Ah¿ ][m-\-ambpw tIµo-I-cn®p ImWp-∂-Xv.

4) Camw Alva-Zp_v\p lº¬(-d) ln. 164(-In. 780)¬ `qP-mX-\m-bn. ln. 241(-In.855)¬ Nc-a-KXn ]m]n-®p. H´msI 30 e£-tØmfw lºeo aZvl-_p-Im-cmWv temI-Øp-≈-Xv. Ah-c-[n-Ihpw tIµo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv kpDuZn Atd-_y, e_-\m≥, kndnb F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-em-Wv.

]_-e-amb as‰mcp Nn¥m-k-c-Wn-bmWv "ioA-'bp-tS-Xv. Ah¿ kz¥-ambn Hcp I¿a-imkvXwBhn-jvI-cn-®n-´p-≠v.

101Zo\pw ico-AØpw

I-fp-sSbpw Cam-ap-I-sf-t∏mse Cu hn`m-Khpw kXy-Øn¬ Xs∂.

Xk-∆p^v

^nJvlns‚ _‘w a\p-jys‚ _mly-I¿a-ß-tfm-Sm-Wv. Hcp I¿aw\n¿tZ-in-°-s∏´ hn[w ]Xy-£-Øn¬ \n¿h-lnt®m C√tbm F∂p amX-am-W-Xns‚ t\m´w. AXv bYm-hn[n \n¿h-ln-°p-tºm-gp≈ \ΩpsS a\- ns‚Ahÿ nJvlv ]cn-K-Wn-°n-√. I¿a-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-tºm-gp≈ a\- ns‚Ahÿ ]cn-Nn¥\w sNøp∂ Nn¥m-[m-c-bmWv Xk-∆p v.* DZm-l-c-W-ambn,\a-kvIm-c-Øn¬ ^nJvlv ho£n-°p-∂Xv "hpZp' icn°v sNbvXp-thm, IA-v_sb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®p-thm, sNmt√-s≠-sX√mw sNm√n-tbm, kpPqZpw dpIqDwa‰pw icn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-thm, dIv-A-Øp-I-fpsS FÆw IrXy-am-bn-cp-∂pthmFs∂m-s°-bm-Wv. CsX√mw icn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ^nJvlns‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ \a-kvImcw ]cn-]q¿W-am-bn. F∂m¬, Xk-∆p^v t\m°p-∂Xv \a-kvI-cn-°p-∂-bm-fpsS a\- n-te-°m-Wv. a\ v ssZh-Øn-¶-em-bn-cp-∂p-thm,euInI Nn¥-I-fn¬\n∂v AXv ap‡-am-bn-cp-∂p-thm, AXn¬ ssZh-kva-c-Wbpw ssZh- -bhpw hf-cp-I-bp-≠mtbm, e£yw ssZh-]o-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂p-thm,\a-kvImcw Ahs‚ kz`m-hsØ kwkvI-cn-°p-hm≥ ]cym-]vX-am-bn-cp-∂pthmCsXm-s°-bmWv Xk-∆p- ns‚ t\m´w. C°m-cy-ßƒ Xr]vXn-I-c-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬, Xk-∆p- ns‚ ho£-W-Øn¬, \a-kvImcw ]cn-]q¿W-ambn. AXn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ Ipdhv \a-kvIm-c-Øns‚ ]q¿W-Xsb _m[n-°p-sa-∂m-W-Xns‚]£w.

^nJvlpw Xk∆p^pw XΩn-ep≈ Cu A¥-csØ Hcp-Zm-l-c-W-Øn-eqsShy‡-am-°mw. \msam-cmsf I≠p-ap- p-tºmƒ c≠v \ne°v Abmsf ho£n-°p-∂p. Abm-fpsS Btcm-Kyw, kuµ-cyw, hkvX-[m-c-Ww, hrØn F∂n-h-bm-sWm-∂v. c≠m-a-tØXv kz`mhw, _p≤n-i-‡n, hnth-Iw, ]m-finXyw,Ign-hp-Iƒ F∂n-hbpw. CXn¬ H∂m-asØ ho£Ww nJvln-s‚Xpw c≠m-a-tØXv Xk-∆p- n-s‚XpamWv F∂v ]d-bmw. \msamcp kvt\ln-Xs\ sXc-s™-Sp-°p-tºmƒ Ahs‚ c≠p hi-ßfpw t\m°p-a-t√m. Ahs‚ D≈pw]pdhpw \∂m-hWw F∂v \mw BK-ln-°pw. CXp Xs∂-bmWv Ckvem-an-s‚bpw ÿnXn. ico-AØvhn[n-Iƒ A\p-k-cn-°p-tºmƒ AIhpw ]pdhpwAX-\p-k-cn-°-Ww. _mly-ambn icn-b-\p-jvTn-°p∂ Hcm-fpsS A¥¿`m-KØvA\p-k-c-W-Øns‚ Bflm-hn-s√-¶n¬ Ahs‚ I¿aw Hcp arX-i-cocw t]mse-bmWv. C\n, B¥-cn-I-]q¿WXbp≈ Hcm-fpsS _mly-amb A\p-jvTm-\-co-Xn-Iƒ icn-b-s√-¶n-tem, hncq-]hpw hnIr-X-hp-amb ico-c-]-Ir-Xn-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb Hcp am\y-hy-‡n-sb-t∏m-en-cn°pw AXv.

Cu DZm-l-cWw ^nJvlpw Xk-∆p^pw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w \√-t]msehy‡-am-°p-∂p. [m¿an-I-˛-ssh-⁄m-\n-I-Ø-I¿® Z¿in® ]nev°m-eØvs]m´n-∏p-d-s∏´ Ipg-∏-ßƒ Xk-∆p- ns‚ ]cn-ip-≤n-sbbpw aeo-a-k-am-°n-°-f-™p. P\-ßƒ CX-c- k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fn¬\n∂v A\n-kvem-anI XØz-im-kvX-ßƒ ZsØ-SpØv AXn\v "Xk-∆p^v' F∂ t]¿ \evIn, Ckvem-an¬IS-Øn-hn- p. hnNn-X-amb ]e-Xcw BNmc \S-]-Sn-I-fpsS ta¬ "Xk-∆p^v'

* hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-\n¬ CXn∂v "XkvIn-bØv', "lnIvaØv' F∂pw lZo-kn¬ "Clvkm≥' F∂pw]d-bp-∂p. ]nev°m-e-°m-cn¬ AXv "Xk-∆p v' F∂ t]cn-emWv ]kn-≤-am-b-Xv.

102 CkvemwaXw

F∂ te_¬ ]Xn-°-s∏- p. Ahbv°v hnip≤ Jp¿-B-\ntem lZo-kntemHcSn-ÿm-\-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ime-I-taW B P\w ico-A-Øns‚ ]nSn-Ø-Øn¬\n-∂pw kzbw kzX-¥-cm-bn. Ah¿ \qX-\-hm-Z-ß-fp-b¿Øn: Xk-∆p- n\v ^nJvlp-ambn bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√. AXns‚ hgn Xs∂ H∂vthsd-bm-Wv. "kq^n'°v _mly-N-S-ßp-I-sfm∂pw \n¿h-ln-t°-≠-Xn-√. \nb-a-\n-_-‘-\-Iƒ Ah¿°v _m[-I-a-√˛ Cßs\ t]mIp∂p Ah. Ckvem-ans\°pdn®v Xotc A⁄-cmb kq^n-I-fn¬\n-∂mWv CØcw hmZ-ßƒtIƒ°m-dp-≈-Xv. Cu hmZ-ßƒ ]c-am-_-≤-ß-fm-sW∂v ]d-tb-≠-Xn-√-tem.ico-AØv hn[n-I-tfmSv _‘-an-√mØ Xk-∆p- n\v Ckvem-an¬ H´pw ÿm\-an-√. Ckvem-ans‚ kvXw -ß-fmb \n¿_-‘m-\p-jvTm-\-ß-fn¬\n∂v kzX-¥-cm-hm≥ Hcp kq^n°pw Ah-Im-i-an-√. AXp-t]mse Pohn-X-Øns‚ a‰pCS-]m-Sp-I-fnepw _‘-ß-fnepw ÿm]-\-ß-fnepw ssZhhpw ssZh-Zq-X\pw\n›-bn® \nb-a-]-c-amb AXn¿Øn-Iƒ adn-I-S-°m\pw Hcp kq^n°pw A[n-Im-c-an-√. \_n-Xn-cp-ta\n ImWn-®p-X∂ am¿Kw Ah-ew-_n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-h≥ "apkvenw kq^n' F∂ t]cn∂v Xosc A¿l-\-√. "Xk-∆p^v' F∂XvhmkvX-h-Øn¬ ssZh-tØmSpw ssZh-Zq-X-t\m-Sp-ap≈ \njvI-f-¶- kvt\-l-Øns‚ t]cmWv ˛ Ic-I-hn-s™m-gp-Ip∂ \n¿a-e-t]-a-Øns‚ t]¿! ssZh-im-k-\-I-fn¬\n∂pw ]hm-N-I-in-£-W-ß-fn¬\n∂pw sX√pw hyXn-N-en-°m-Xn-cn-°pI F∂-XmWv B kvt\l-Øns‚ ]Y-a- e-£-Ww. AXn-\m¬,"Ckvem-anI kq^nkw' ico-A-Øn¬\n∂v th¿s]´ H∂-√. ico-AØv hn[n-Iƒ Bflm¿Y-X-tbmSpw ssZh- -‡n-tbmSpw IqSn \n¿h-ln-°p-∂-Xn-\mWvXk-∆p^v F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. I¿a-ß-fn¬ ssZh-tØm-Sp≈ kvt\lm-Z-chpw`b- -‡n-bp-am-hp∂ BXvam-hns\ ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°p∂Xns‚ t]cm-W-Xv.

ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-IƒCu Ah-km-\sØ A[ym-b-Øn¬ Ckvem-anI \nb-a-kw-lnX \ne-sIm-≈p∂ ASn-ÿm\ XØz-ßfpw ico-A-Øns‚ Nne ]tXyI hn[n-I-fp-amWv]Xn-]m-Zyw. Ckvem-anI ico-AØv hn`m-h\ sNøp∂ D¬IrjvS hy-h-ÿ-bpsS kz`m-hhpw B hyh-ÿ-bn-e-S-ßnb KpW-ßfpw bp‡n-Ifpw Kln-°p-hm≥ Cu hnh-cWw D]-Im-c-s∏-Spw.

\sΩ-∏‰n Xs∂ \mw H∂p Nn¥n®p t\m°p-I. \nc-h[n Ign-hp-I-fpsSDS-a-ÿ-cmWv \mw. Ah-bpsS ]IrXn Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂Xv \mw Ah D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa-∂m-Wv. \ap°v _p≤nbpw hnth-I-hp-ap-≠v; ImWm\pwtIƒ°m\pw kwkm-cn-°m\pw cpNn-°m-\p-ap≈ Ign-hp-I-fp≠v; ssIIm-ep-I-fp-≠v. tIm]w, shdp∏v, kvt\lw, `bw, BKlw XpS-ßnb hnIm-c-ß-fp-ap-≠v. Ch-bn¬ D]-tbm-K-an-√m-Ø-sXm-∂p-an-√. \ap-°m-h-iy-ap-≈XpsIm≠mWv ssZhw Ah \evIn-b-Xv. euInI Pohn-X-Øns‚ hnPbw IpSn-sIm-≈p-∂Xv kz¥w ]Ir-Xn-bpsS Bh-iy-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°-s∏-Sp-tºm-gm-Wv. ssZhw \evInb Ign-hp-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ amXta AXv km[y-am-hq.

\ap°v e`n® Ign-hp-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ am¿K-ßfpw kma-Kn-Ifpw \ΩpsS apºn-ep-≠v. kz¥w icocw Xs∂-sb-Sp-°p-I. F√m D]-I-c-W-ß-fp-ap-≠-Xn¬. Np‰p-ap≈ temIsØ t\m°q. \m\m-X-cw am¿K-ß-f-Xn¬ hym]n®p InS-°p-∂p. \ΩpsS klm-b-Øn-\mbn kzh¿K-Øn¬s]á\p-jy¿, \ΩpsS tkh-\-Øn-∂mbn arK-ßƒ, kky-ßƒ, `qan, sh≈w,hmbp, NqSv, shfn®w XpSßn AkwJyw hkvXp-°ƒ. \ap°p th≠n-bmWvAh-sb√mw ssZhw krjvSn-®-Xv˛ Ah-bp-]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn Pohn-Xm-h-iy-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥.

\ap°v e`n® Ign-hp-I-sf√mw \ΩpsS KpWhpw t£ahpw ap≥\n¿Øn\evI-s∏- -h-bm-Wv. \ap°v tZmjw hcp-Øm-\p-t±-in®v Hcp Ignhpw ssZhw\evIn-bn- n-√. AXn-\m¬, B Ign-hp-Iƒ \ap°v KpWw amXw e`n-°p∂coXn-bn¬ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-emWv icn-bmb coXn. tZmjw hn-°p-s∂-¶n¬

7

104 CkvemwaXw

A\n-hm-cy-am-bXp amXw. a‰p coXn-I-sf√mw sX‰m-sW∂p \ΩpsS _p≤nkzbw kΩ-Xn-°pw. \ap°v kzbw tZmjw hcp-Øp∂ cq]-Øn-ep≈ ]hrØn-Iƒ sNøp-∂Xv sX‰m-b-t]mse \ΩpsS Ign-hp-Iƒ a‰p-≈-h¿°v \jvS-ap-≠m-°p∂ hn[w hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p∂Xpw sX‰m-Wv. \ap°v e`n® Pohn-tXm-]-I-c-W-ßƒ°v \mi-\-jvS-ta-ev]n°pw hn[w ]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xpw icn-b-√.\jvSw GXp Xc-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-bmepw Hgn-hm-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. Nne-t∏m-gXvkm[n-s®∂v hcn-√. As√-¶n¬ \jvS-tØm-sSm∏w sNdnb em`hpw ImWpw.Aß-s\-bp≈ kµ¿ -ß-fnte \jvSw hcp-Øp∂ Hcp ]hrØn sNøm-hq.

temIØv c≠p-Xcw a\p-jy-cp≠v. kz¥w Ign-hp-Iƒ a‰p-≈-h¿t°mXß-fpsS Xs∂ a‰p Ign-hp-Iƒt°m tZmjw hcp-Øp∂hn[w D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-h-cm-sWmcp Xcw. As√-¶n¬, \∑ amX-ap-t±-in®v \evI-s∏´ hkvXp-°ƒ Ah¿ ]tbm-P-\-iq-\y-am-°n-°-f-bp-∂p. c≠m-asØ hn`m-Kw, a\x-]q¿h-a-s√-¶nepw A⁄X ImcWw AtX A_-≤-ßƒ sNøp∂hcmWv. CXn-sem-∂m-asØ Xc-°m¿ [n°m-cn-Ifpw Ipg-∏-°m-cp-am-Wv. Ahsc \nb-¥n-°m≥ Nne \nb-a-ßƒ thWw. c≠m-asØ hn`m-K-Øn\v kz¥w Ign-hp-Iƒ D]-tbm-Kn-t°≠ icn-bmb am¿Kw Adn-bm-\p-X-Ip∂ ⁄m\w \evtI-≠-Xpap≠v.

Cu c≠v Bh-iy-ß-fmWv "ico-AØv' ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xv. \ΩpsSh√ Ignhpw ]mgm-°n-°-f-bmt\m h√ Bitbm hnIm-ctam \in-∏n®p If-bmt\m ico-AØv Dt±-in-°p-∂n-√. Imńtem tańtem t]mbn X]- n-cn-°-W-sa∂v AXm-h-iy-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. hni∂v acn-°-W-sat∂m \·-\mbn sX≠n-\-S-°-W-sat∂m AXv ]d-bp-∂n-√. am\p-jnI hnIm-c-ß-f-Sn-®-a¿Øn kzbw\in-°-W-sat∂m euIn-I-kp-J-ß-sf√mw XyPn®v k\y-kn-°-W-sat∂mAXv BK-ln-°p-∂n-√. CXv ssZhw \n¿an® ico-A-Øm-Wv. Cu temIwssZhw a\p-jy¿°mbn krjvSn-®-Xm-Wv. AXns\ hnIr-X-am-°p-∂Xpw \in-∏n-°p-∂Xpw Ah≥ Fßs\ CjvS-s∏Spw? A\m-h-iytam ]tbm-P-\-c-ln-Xtam Bb Hcp Ignhpw ssZhw a\p-jy∂v \evIn-bn- n-√. h√ hn[-ØnepwD]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-\-√msX ]]-©-Øn¬ bmsXm∂pw Ah≥ krjvSn-®n-´pan-√. Cu ]]©w ]q¿W- w-Kn-tbmSpw ]Xm-]-tØmSpw IqSn Nen-°-Ww.a\pjy≥ Xs‚ apgp-I-gn-hp-Ifpw icn°v hn\n-tbm-Kn-°Ww; ]]-©-ØnsekIe hkvXp-°fpw Ah≥ kz¥w PohnX kuJy-Øn-\mbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-ØWw; BImi `qan-I-fn¬ ssZhw Hc-p-°n-sh-®n-´p≈ k¿h kma-Kn-Ifpw Ah≥ D]-bp-‡-am-°-Ww˛ CXmWv ]]© kjvSm-hns‚ Dt±-iyw.]t£, AXv [n°m-c-Ømtem A⁄-X-bmtem A\y¿t°m Ah-c-h¿°pXs∂tbm \mi-\-jvS-ß-tf-ev]n-°p∂ hn[-Øn-em-h-cpXv F∂p amXw. CuDt±iyw ap≥\n¿Øn-bmWv ico-A-Ønse F√m hyh-ÿ-Ifpw \n¿an-®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. a\p-jy-cm-in°v \mi-\-jvS-ßƒ hcp-Øm-\n-S-bp≈ kIe kwK-Xn-Ifpw ico-A-Øn¬ \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-am-Wv. ê-]-Z-am-b-sX√mw A\p-h-Z-\o-b-hpw. Xs‚ apgp-h≥ Bi-Ifpw Bh-iy-ßfpw ]q¿Øn-bm-°m\pw kz¥w\∑-°mbn \m\m hnt[\ ]cn-i-an-°p-hm\pw a\p-jy∂v ]q¿W-amb Ah-Im-i-ap-≠v. ]t£, B Ah-Imiw D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv, A⁄-X-bmtem [n°m-c-Ømtem A\y-cpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ l\n-°p∂ hn[-Øn-em-h-cp-Xv. adn-®v,A]-c-∑m¿°v ]c-am-h[n klm-b-I-c-amb \ne-bn-em-h-Ww. Cu XØz-Øn-

105ico-A-Øns‚ hn[n-Iƒ

emWv ico-A-Ønse F√m \nb-a-ßfpw A[n-jvTm-]n-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv.KpWhpw tZmjhpw CS-I-e¿∂ ]hr-Øn-I-fn¬ henb KpWw t\Sm≥sNdnb tZmjw kln-°p-I, henb \jvSw Hgn-hm-°m≥ sNdnb em`w Dt]-£n-°pI F∂-XmWv ico-A-Øns‚ XØzw.

Hmtcm Imcy-Ønepw I¿aØn-ep-a-¥¿`-hn® KpW-tZm-j-ß-sf-s¥∂vHmtcm hy‡n°pw Ft∏mgpw a\- n-embns°m≈-W-sa-∂n-√. AXn-\m¬,k¿h-⁄-\mb ssZhw a\p-jy-cm-in-°mbn BZy¥w icnbpw KpW-]-Z-hp-amb Hcp kºq¿W hyhÿ \n¿an®pX∂n-cn-°p-∂p. B hyh-ÿ-bpsSKpW-ß-fn¬ ]eXpw hy‡-ambn Kln-°m≥, Nne \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºp≈P\-ßƒ°v Ign-™n-cp-∂n-√. F∂m-en∂v, imkvX-cw-K-Øp-≠mb ]ptcm-KXnAh-bpsS ad-sb√mw \o°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. FXtbm cl-ky-ßfpw bp‡n-Ifpw KpW-ßfpw C\nbpw ad-\o°n ]pd-Øp-h-cm-\p-≠v. imkvX-hn-⁄m-\o-b-ßƒ hym]-I-am-hp-∂-Xn-∂-\p-k-cn®v Ah hy‡-am-bn-s°m-t≠-bn-cn-°pw.Xß-fpsS A]q¿Whpw ]cn-an-X-hp-amb _p≤nsb amXw Ah-ew-_-am-°n-b-Xns‚ ^e-ambn P\-ßƒ \q‰m-≠p-I-tfmfw A_-≤-ßƒ ]h¿Øn®pt]m∂p. AXns‚ Xn‡- ew A\p- -hn-®-dn™ tijw, HSp-hn¬, Ckvem-anI ico-A-Øns‚ \nb-a-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-bn-Øo¿∂-Xn\vDZm-l-c-W-ß-fp-≠v.* F∂m¬, A⁄-Xbpw ]cn-N-b-°p-dhpw hcp-Øp∂CØcw tZmj-ß-fn¬\n∂v, ssZh-Zq-X-\n¬ k¿hm-fl\m hnizm-k-a¿∏n-®-h¿, c£ ]m]n-®-h-cm-Wv. ssZh-Zq-X-\n-ep≈ Bflm¿Yhpw AN-©-e-hp-amb hnizmkw aqew bYm¿Y ⁄m\-Øns‚ krjvSn-bmb Hcp \nb-a-kw-ln-Xsb Ah¿ A\p-k-cn-°p-∂p-sh-∂-Xm-W-Xn∂v Imc-Ww˛ AXnsebp‡nbpw cl-ky-ßfpw Adn-™mepw Cs√-¶n-epw.

* "h¿W-]iv\w' CXn-s∂m-cp-Zm-l-c-W-amsbSp-°mw. C°m-cy-Øn¬ bp‡nklhpw am\p-jn-I-hp-am-sbmcp kao-]-\-coXn kzoI-cn-°m≥ a\p-jy∂v C∂p-hsc km[n-®n- n-√. h¿W-hn-th-N-\sØ \ymbo-I-cn-°m-\mWv Gsd-°mew Poh-im-kvXsØ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-h-∂-Xv. Ign™ c≠v iX-I-ß-tfm-fw, hnth-N-\-Øn-∂-\p-Iq-e-am-bmWv Ata-cn-°≥ tImS-Xn-Iƒ hn[n ]kvXm-hn-®-Xv. "sXmen IdpØp' F∂ "GI Ip‰'Øn\v Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v a\p-jy-Po-hn-Iƒ \n¿Zbw a¿Zn-°-s∏- p; `oj-Wn°pw `¿’-\-Øn\pw hnt[-b-cmbn; shfp-Ø-h¿°pw Idp-Ø-h¿°pw hyXykvX \nb-a-ßƒ Xs∂ D≠m-°-s∏- p. Htc tImtf-Pn¬,Htc kvIqfn¬ Ccp-Iq- ¿°pw H∂n®p ]Tn-°m≥ Ign-bmsX t]mbn. 1954 sabv 17- \v amX-amWv h¿W-hn-th-N\w A\o-Xn-]-chpw am\p-jnI ka-Xz-Øn∂v hncp-≤-hp-am-sW∂v Ata-cn-°≥ tImS-Xn-Iƒ hn[n ]d-™-Xv.

FXtbm \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ sImSnb ]mX-I-ßƒ sNbvX tij-amWv h¿W-hn-th-N\w A\o-Xn-]-c-am-sW∂pw \nt»jw \in-∏n-t°-≠-Xm-sW∂pw a\p-jy∂v t_m[-ap-Zn-®-Xv. C∂pw, CuCcp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ kmbm-”-Ønepw Cu hkvXpX Kln-°mØ FXtbm a\pjyarK-ß-fp-≠v. "sXmen-a-lna' bnemWv Ah¿ a\p-jyXzw Z¿in-°p-∂-Xv. Z£n-Wm-^n-°bpwB^n-°≥ h≥I-c-bnse ]m›m-Xycpw CXn-∂p-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. Ata-cn-°-bn¬ t]mepwkwkvImc kº-∂sc∂p¬tLm-jn-°p-∂-h-cn¬ KWy-am-sbmcp hn`mKw hnth-N-\-\-b-Øn¬]nSn®pXqßp-I-bm-Wn-∂pw. Poh¬][m-\-amb ]kvXpX ]iv\w a\p-jy-a-kvXnjvIwFßs\ ssIbmfn F∂v \mw I≠pIgn-™p. CXn-s∂m-c-]-hm-Z-sa-t∂mWw "ico-AØv'BZyta ]Jym-]n-®p, h¿W-hn-th-N\w ISpØ A\o-Xn-bm-sW-∂v. ico-AØv a\p-jy∂vt\¿hgn ImWn®pX∂p. ]m]-Øns‚ ]Sp-Ip-gn-bn¬\n∂v AXv a\p-jys\ c£n-®p. Jp¿-B≥ am\p-jn-Iu¬IrjvSyw D¬tLm-jn-°p-∂Xv ImWpI:

""\n›bw, \mw a\pjy]pXs\ BZ-cn-®n- p-≠v.'' Jp¿-B≥ XpS¿∂p ]d-bp-∂p: ""a\p-jytc!\n›bw Hcm-Wn¬\n∂pw s]Æn¬\n-∂p-amWv \mw \nßsf krjvSn-®n- p-≈-Xv. \nßsfhnhn[ tKmX-ßfpw hyXykvX hn`m-K-ß-fp-am°n Xncn-®-Xv, \nßƒ ]c-kv]cw Xncn-®-dn-

106 CkvemwaXw

\mev Ah-Im-i-ßƒ

ico-A-Øns‚ ho£-W-Øn¬ a\p-jy∂p ta¬ \mev Ah-Im-i-ßƒh∂ptNcp-∂p. 1. ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ 2. kztZ-l-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ 3. ka-kr-jvSn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ 4. D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ th≠nssZhw a\p-jy-∂-[o-\-s∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-SpØ hkvXp-°fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ.Cu Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS s]mcpƒ Kln®v IrXy-ambn \n¿h-ln-°p-I-bmWvHcp apkven-ans‚ Npa-X-e. ico-A-Øv, Ch-sb-°p-dn®v sht∆sd hni-Z-ambnhnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. Ah-bpsS \n¿h-l-W-Øn-\mbn kzoI-cn-t°-≠p∂ am¿K-ta-sX∂pw AXv hni-Z-am-°p-∂p. apgp-h≥ Ah-Im-i-ßfpw H∏w \nd-th-‰m\pwAh-Im-i-ß-fn-sem∂pw ]mgm-bn-t∏m-hm-Xn-cn-°m\pw ]‰nb DØ-a-am¿K-amWvAXv \n¿tZin-°p-∂-Xv.

ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ

ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ ][m-\-ambpw \mev Imcyßfn¬ HXp-°mw:H∂v: a\p-jy≥ Ahs\ amXw ssZh-ambn AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah-\n¬Bscbpw ]¶m-fn-bm-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I. CXv ""emC-eml C√√m''F∂ hmIy-Øn-ep≈ Bflm¿Y-amb hnizmkw hgn \n¿h-ln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. c≠v: ssZh-im-k-\-Iƒ IWn-i-ambn A\p-k-cn-°p-I.""apl-Ω-Zp¿d-kq-ep-√mln'' F∂ hmIy-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw hgn CXv km[n°mw. aq∂v: a\p-jy≥ ssZh-Øns‚ B⁄m-\p-h¿Øn-bmbn \ne-sIm-≈p-I. Cu Ah-ImiwssZhn-I-K-Ÿ-Ønepw ssZh-Zq-Xs‚ Ncy-bnepw hnh-cn® \nb-a-ßƒ ]n≥]-‰pI hgn \nd-th-‰m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \mev: a\p-jy≥ ssZhsØ amXw Bcm-[n-°p-I. A\p-jvTm\ I¿a-ßƒ \n¿_-‘-am-°n-bn- p-≈Xv Cu Ah-Imiw \nd-th-‰p-hm-\m-Wv.

ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ°v ]Yaÿm\-am-Wp-≈-Xv. AXn-]-[m-\-hp-am-W-Xv. AXn-\m¬ AXv \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥ a‰p≈ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ Iptd-sbms° _en-I-gn-t°≠n ht∂-°pw. \a-kvImcw, t\mºv apX-emb \n¿_-‘-I¿a-ß-f-\p-jvTn-°p-hm≥ kztZ-l-Øns‚ ]e Ah-Im-i-ßfpw hnizmkn_enIgn-°p-∂p-≠-t√m. \a-kvIm-c-Øn\mbn AXn-cm-hnse Fgp-t∂-ev°-Ww;

bm≥ th≠n-bm-Wv. \nß-fn¬ IqSp-X¬ kq£va-X-bp-≈-h-\sX A√m-lp-hn-¶¬ BZ-c-Wo-b≥.''

dkq¬(-k) Acpfn: ""P\-ßtf! \n›-bw, \nß-fpsS \mY≥ GI-\mWv; \nß-fpsS ]nXmhpwGI≥ Xs∂. \nß-sf√mw BZ-an¬\n-∂sX; BZ-am-hs´ aÆn¬\n∂pw. Ad-_n°v A\-d-_n-bpsS tatem A\-d-_n°v Ad-_n-bpsS tatem bmsXmcp ta∑bpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-\n-√. shfp-Ø-h\v Idp-Ø-h-s\-°mƒ, As√-¶n¬ Idp-Ø-h\v shfp-Ø-h-s\-°mƒ, (B¿°pwBcp-sS-ta-epw) bmsXmcp ta∑bpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-\n√; XJvh(-kq-£va-X)-sIm-≠-√msX.\nß-fn¬ G‰hpw DØ-a≥ \nß-fn¬ IqSp-X¬ kq£va-X-bp-≈-h-\-sX.''

(\-_n-bpsS hnS-hm-ß¬ ]kw-K-Øn¬\n∂v)

t\m°pI! ]Xn-aq∂v \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p apºv ico-AØv a\p-jys\ ]Tn-∏n® bmYm¿Yy-am-Wn-Xv. \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ \o≠p-\n∂ ]am-Z-ßƒ°pw IjvS-\-jvS-ßƒ°pw tij-am-Wv, FXtbmBbn-c-ßsf hnth-I-iq-\y-amb h¿W hnth-N-\-Øns‚ _en-bm-Sp-I-fm°n°gn-™-ti-j-am-Wv, a\pjy kaq-lsØ H∂-S¶w hne-bn-Sn-°p-Ibpw A]-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-ti-j-amWv "A\n-b-¥n-X-amb bp‡n'°v bmYm¿Yy-Øns‚ sX√v sXmSm≥ Ign-™-Xv. bmYm¿Yy-Øns‚ EPphpw kc-f-hp-amb kao-]-\-asX Ckvem-ant‚Xv. AXns\ Ah-K-Wn-°¬\miw £Wn-®p-h-cp-Ø-em-Wv.


"hpZp' sNø-Ww. \ntXy\ A©p t\cw Xs‚ AXym-hiy tPmenIƒ\n¿Ønsh°-Ww. hnt\m-Z- -hn-ia thf-Iƒ Hgn-hm-°-Ww. hX-a-\p-jvTn-°p-tºmƒ hni∏pw Zmlhpw kln-°-Ww. Bfl-\n-b-¥Ww ]men-°-Ww.kImØp sImSp-°p∂ hnizmkn [\-t]-asØ ssZh`‡n-bpsS t]cn¬_en-sIm-Sp-°-Ww. l÷n\v th≠n [\-w hybw sNtø-≠-Xn\p ]pdtabmXm t¢ihpw kln-°-Ww. ssZh-am¿K-Øn-ep≈ ka-c-Øn-em-I-s´,Poh\pw [\hpw A¿∏n-°-Ww. kztZ-l-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ t]mse,A\y-cpsS Ah-Im-i-ßfpw Nne-t∏mƒ _en-sIm-Sp-t°≠n hcpw. \a-kvI-cn-°m≥ t]mIp∂ Hcp sXmgn-emfn sXmgn-ep-S-a-bpsS tPmen \n¿Øn-sh-®m-Ip-at√m km£m¬ bP-am-\∂v Bcm-[-\-b¿∏n-°p-∂-Xv. l÷n\v t]mIp∂hnizmkn Xs‚ k¿h-tPm-en-Ifpw \n¿Øn-sh-t°≠n hcp-∂p. AXv At\Iwt]cpsS Ah-Im-i-ßsf ]Xn-Iq-e-ambn _m[n-°p-∂p. ssZh-am¿K-Øn-ep≈ka-c-Øn¬ ssZhsØ amXw ap≥\n¿Øn A\ysc h[n-°p-Ibpw kzi-co-csØ _en-b¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. C]-Imcw Xs∂, CXc hkvXp-°-fpsS Ah-Im-ihpw _en-sIm-Sp-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬arK-ßsf _e-nb-dp-°p-I, kºØv hn\n-tbm-Kn-°pI XpS-ßn-bh DZm-l-c-W-ßƒ.

F∂m¬, ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ \evIp-∂-Xn-\mbn krjvSn-I-fpsSAh-Im-i-ßƒ th≠-Xn-e-[nIw \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øn-°q-Sm. AXn-\m¬ ssZhw-Xs∂, Xs‚ Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Nne Cf-hp-Iƒ \evIn-bn- p-≠v.DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v \a-kvImcw FSp-°mw. AXv A\p-jvTn-°p-∂-Xn\v ssZhwF√m kuI-cy-ßfpw sNbvXp X∂n-cn-°p-∂p. "hpZp' sNøm≥ sh≈wIn´msXtbm tcmKw aqew sh≈w ]mSn-√m-sXtbm h∂m¬ "XbΩpw'*-sNømw.bmXm-th-f-bn¬ \a-kvImcw "Jkvdpw'** "PwDw'*** sNømw. \n∂v \a-kvI-cn-°m≥ Bh-Xn-√m-Ø-h¿°v Ccpt∂m, InSt∂m Bhmw. \a-kvIm-c-Øn¬sNm√m\pw sNøm\pw hfsc°pdt® D≈q. GXm\pw \nan-j-ßƒ aXn AX-\p-jvTn-°m≥. tPmenØn-c-°p≈ Ah-k-c-ß-fn¬ Zo¿Ln® \a-kvImcw hntcm-[n-°-s∏- -Xm-Wv. cmXn t]mse tPmen-Øn-c-°n-√mØ ]im-¥-amb ka-b-ß-fnte Zo¿Ln® A[ym-bßƒ ]mcm-bWw sNbvXv \a-kvI-cn-°m-hq.\n¿_‘ \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ°p ]pdta "kp∂Øv' \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ A\p-jvTn-°p-∂Xv ssZh-Øn\v k¥pjvSn ]I-cp∂ Imcy-am-Wv. ]t£, cmXn-bnse\nZbpw ]I-esØ tPmen-Ifpw Dt]-£n®v \a-kvI-cn-°m≥ ssZhw B⁄m-]n-®n- n-√. \nXy-hr-Øn-°mbn tPmen sNtø≠ ka-b-sØ√mw \a-kvI-cn-°m\pw ]d-™n-´n-√. A\y-cpsS Ah-Im-i-ß-sf√mw l\n°pw hn[wFt∏mgpw \a-kvI-cn-°-W-sa∂pw Bh-iy-s∏- n- n-√.

CtX-t]mse, hXm-\p-jvTm-\-Øn-\p-ap≠v Cf-hp-Iƒ. hXw h¿j-Øn¬Hcp amkta \n¿_-‘-ap-≈q. bmX-°mcpw tcmKn-Ifpw ]n∂oSv A\p-jvTn-®m¬ aXn. t\msº-Sp-Ø-h≥ AXv ]q¿Øn-bm-°m-\-i-‡-\mbnØo¿∂m¬t\mºv apdn-°mw. tcmKw b-s∏-Sp∂ Ah-ÿ-bnepw t\mºv Hgn-°mw. AØm-

* s]mSn-a-Æp-sIm≠v apJhpw ssIbpw XS-h¬.

** \mev dIvA-Øp≈ \a-kvImcw c≠v dI-vA-Øm°n Npcp°n \a-kvI-cn-°¬.

*** c≠v \a-kvIm-c-ßƒ H∂n®v sNø¬. fpl¿, Ak¿ F∂n-hbpw aKvcn-_v, Cim F∂n-hbpw PwAv B°n sNømw.

108 CkvemwaXw

g-k-a-b-Øns‚ Ah-km\w hsc Blmcw Ign-°mw. t\mºpapdn-t°≠ka-b-am-bm¬ H´pw Xma-kn-bmsX t\mºv apdn-°-Ww. kp∂Øp t\mºp-I-f-\p-jvTn-°p-∂Xv ssZh-]oXn kºm-Zn-°p-hm≥ IqSp-X¬ D]-bp-‡-am-sW-¶nepw tPmen-Iƒ sNøm-\-i-‡-\mIpw hn[w t\msº-Sp°p-∂Xv ssZhwXosc CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.

C\n, kIm-Øns‚ kz`mhw t\m°p-I. Xotc sNdnb Hcp XpItb kIm-Ømbn \evtI-≠-Xp-≈q. AXp Xs∂bpw \n›nX tXmXn-ep≈ [\w, Hcp\n›nX Imew tiJ-cn®p sh°p-∂-h¿°v amXw. \n¿_-‘-amb hnln-X-Øn∂v ]pdta ssZh-am¿K-Øn¬ [\w hybw sNøp-∂Xv ssZhsØ k¥p-jvS-\m-°p-sa-∂Xv icn. ]t£, kz¥w Bh-iy-ßfpw mcym-k-¥m-\-ß-fpsSAh-Im-i-ßfpw l\n°pw hn[w Zm\[¿aßƒ sNbvXv Zcn-Z-\mbn Ign-™p-Iq-Sp-∂Xv ssZh-an-jvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Cu hnj-b-Ønepw anX-amb \ne-]mSvssIs°m-≈p-hm-\mWv Ah≥ Iev]n-°p-∂-Xv.

l÷ns‚ Ah-ÿbpw as‰m-∂-√. bmXm sNe-hn\v hIbpw bmXm-t¢-i-ßƒ kln-°m≥ Ignhpw D≈-h¿t° l÷v \n¿_-‘-ap-≈q. AXpwBbp-jv°m-e-Øn-sem-cn-°¬ amXw. bp≤tam a‰p Ipg-∏-ßtfm ImcWwPohm-]mbw `b-s∏-Sm-hp∂ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ l÷vbmX am‰n-sh-°mw.hm¿[Iyw ]m]n® amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ a°-fpsS kΩXw e`nt® l÷n\vt]mImhq F∂p-≠v. k¥m-\-ß-fpsS A`m-hw-aqew H‰-°p≈ bmX-bn¬,hnj-a-ßƒ t\cn-Sm-\n-Sbp-≈XpsIm≠m-Wn-Xv. ssZhw, kz¥w Ah-Im-i-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ A\y-cpsS Ah-Im-i-ßsf FX-amXw ]cn-K-Wn-®n- p-s≠∂v CsX√mw hy‡-am-°p-∂p.

ssZh-am¿K-Øn-ep≈ ka-c-Øn-emWv a\p-jym-h-Im-i-ßƒ IqSp-X-embn_en-I-gn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXn¬, a\p-jy≥ kz¥w tZlhpw [\hpw Poh≥Xs∂bpw _en-b¿∏n-°p-∂p. amX-a-√, A\y-cp-sSXv l\n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F∂m¬, apºv ]kvXm-hn® t]mse henb \jvS-ß-sfm-gn-hm-°p-hm≥sNdnb \jvS-ßƒ kln-°-W-sa-∂mWv Ckvem-ans‚ XØzw. kXyhpwkZm-Nm-chpw im¥nbpw \in-°p-Ibpw Ak-Xyhpw A[m¿an-I-Xbpw Akzm-ÿyhpw temIØv i‡n-bp-d-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂Xpw ssZhnIhyhÿ in¿°v, Ip^vdv, \mkvXn-IX F∂n-h-bm¬ ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏-SpIF∂Xpw \qtdm Bbn-ctam e£tam P\-ßƒ°v Poh-lm\n t\cn-Sp-∂-Xn-s\-°mƒ hºn® \jvS-am-sW∂v ImWmw. Cu h≥ \jvSw Hgn-hm-°m-\mbntZlhpw [\hpw Poh\pw _en-I-gn-°p-I-sb∂ sNdnb \jvSw ssZh]oXnap≥\n¿Øn, kk-t¥mjw kln-°-W-sa∂v ssZhw hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Iev]n-®p. F∂m¬, Ahn-sSbpw Bh-iy-Øn¬°hn™v Hcp Xp≈n c‡w t]mepwNn¥n-°q-Sm. hr≤≥-am¿, Ip´n-Iƒ, kvXoIƒ, ]cn-t°-‰-h¿, tcmKn-Iƒ apX-em-b-hsc h[n-®p-Iq-Sm. \njn-≤sØ klm-bn-°m-\mbn Bbp-[-ta-¥n-b-h-tcmSv amXta kacw sNøm-hq. iXp-°ƒ°v A\m-h-iy-ambn \mi-\-jvS-ßƒ hcp-Ø-cp-Xv. Ah-cpsS hkvXp-h-I-Iƒ sIm≈sNø-cp-Xv. Iog-S-ßnbiXp-°-tfmSv \oXn-]q¿hw h¿Øn-°-Ww. Ah-cp-ambn sNøp∂ DS-º-Sn-Iƒ]q¿W-ambn ]men-°-Ww. Ah¿ iXpX Dt]-£n-®m-ep-Ss\ bp≤w \n¿Ø-Ww- -C-sX√mw hnizm-kn-I-tfm-Sp≈ ssZh-im-k-\-I-fm-Wv. CsX√mw ImWn-°p-∂Xv ssZh-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ \evIp-∂-Xn-\mbn, A\y-cpsS Ah-


Im-i-ßƒ hgn-hn´v l\n-°p-hm≥ ssZhw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n√ F∂-tX.

tZl-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ

c≠m-a-tØXv kz¥w ico-c-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-ß-fm-Wv. a\p-jy≥ Xt∂mSvXs∂-bmWv G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ AIaw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-sX∂v ]d-™m¬B›cyw tXm∂n-tb-°mw. B›-cy-I-c-amb Imcyw Xs∂-bm-Wn-Xv. Hmtcmhy‡nbpw Icp-Xp-∂Xv X\n°v G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ kvt\lw Xt∂mSv Xs∂-bmWv F∂-tX. Xm≥ Xs‚-Xs∂ iXp-hm-sW∂v BcmWv kΩ-Xn-°pI?Cu hkvXpX H∂v ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Imcyw t_m[y-s∏-Spw.

h√ hkvXp-hn-t\mSpw Bi h¿[n-®m¬ a\p-jy≥ AXns‚ ASn-a-bmbnamdp-∂p. AXns‚ t]cn-e-h≥, Adnt™m Adn-bm-sXtbm kzbw \miwhcp-Øn-sh-°pw. CXv Hcp, am\p-jnI Zu¿_-ey-am-Wv. Hcp aZy-]≥ aZywIn´m≥ th≠n `m¥-∑msct∏mse s]cp-am-dp-∂p. Btcm-Ky-tam [\-tamam\tam \jvS-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Abmƒ°v ]iv\ta A√. F¥p \jvShpw Abmƒkln-°pw. Xo‰-`m-¥-≥am¿ IÆn¬ I≠-sX√mw Xn∂v tcmKw £Wn-®p-h-cp-Øpw. Ima-`m-¥-∑m¿ kz¥w \mi-Øn\v Imc-W-am-Ip-∂-sX√mw sNøpw.Bflo-b-àw Xe°v ]nSn-®-h≥, tZtl-O-I-f-Sn-®-a¿Øn, ]mY-an-Im-h-iy-ßƒt]mepw XyPn®v kzPoh-s\-t∏mepw A]-I-S-Øn-em-°pw. hnhmlwshSn™v _“-Nm-cn-bm-hpw. Blm-c-˛-]m-\o-b-˛-h-kvXm-Zn-Iƒ h¿Pn-°pw.izmkw Ign-°p-∂Xv t]mepw Ah-cn-jvS-s∏-Sn-√. Imńepw tańepw t]mbnX]- n-cn-°pw. Cu temIw X\n-°p≈Xs√∂v Xocp-am-\n°pw. a\p-jys‚Xoh-amb Nne hmk-\-Iƒ°p≈ DZm-l-c-W-ß-fm-Wn-h. CXns‚ hnhn[cq]-ßƒ cmXnbpw ]Iepw \ap°v Np‰pw \mw I≠p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.

Ckvem-anI ico-A-Øns‚ e£yw a\p-jys‚ \∑bpw t£ahpw hnP-b-ku- m-Ky-ß-fp-am-Wv. AXn-\m¬, ""\ns‚ tZl-Øn\v \o \evtI-≠-XmbNne Ah-Im-i-ß-fp-≠v'' F∂v AXv a\p-jys\ kKu-chw DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p. a\p-jy∂v tZmjtam \mitam hcp-Øp∂ kIe Imcy-ßfpw ico-AØv \ntcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]∂n-amw-kw, amwk- p-°p-I-fmb h\y-ar-K-ßƒ,hnj-P-¥p-°ƒ, c‡w, ihw apX-em-bh DZm-l-c-Ww. a\p-jys‚ _p≤n,Btcm-Kyw, kz`m-hw, Bflob t_m[w F∂n-h°v Ah lm\n-I-c-ambXmWvCu \ntcm-[-Øn\v Imc-Ww. F∂m¬, ip≤hpw KpW-]-Z-hp-amb F√mhkvXp-°fpw ico-AØv A\p-h-Zn-®n- p-≠v. "icocØn\v ip≤-amb Blmcw\ntj-[n-°-cp-Xv. Imc-Ww, \ns‚ ico-c-Øn\v \o \evtI≠ Nne Ah-Im-i-ß-fp-≠v' F∂v AXv DW¿Øp-∂p. \·-cmbn \S-°-cp-Xv. ssZhw D¬]m-Zn-∏n®p X∂n- p≈ hkvXw [cn-°-W-sa∂v ico-AØv \n¿tZ-in-°p-∂p. \nXy-hr-Øn-°mbn tPmensNøm≥ AXv Iev]n-°p-∂p. Ae-k-\mbpw bmNn-®pwImew Ign-°-cp-Xv; ]ńWn InS∂v acn-°-cpXv; ssZhw \evInb Ign-hp-I-fp-]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ø-Ww; BIm-i- q-an-I-fn¬ ssZhw Hcp°nsh® kIe \nt£-]-ßfpw kma-Kn-Ifpw kzPo-hn-X-Øn-∂p-]-bp-‡-am-°-Ww˛ CXm-W-Xns‚imk-\. Ima-hn-Imcw ASn-®-a¿Øp-∂Xpw ico-A-Øns‚ ZrjvSn-bn¬ sX‰m-Wv. hnIm-c-i-a-\-Øn-\mbn hnhmlw Ign-°m-\mWv AXv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.k\ymkw Ckvem-an\\y-am-Wv. Pohn-X-Ønse kpJm-\-µ-ßƒ Xń-°-f-b-cp-Xv F∂v AXv DZvt_m-[n-∏n-°p-∂p. ssZh kmao-]yhpw ]c-tem-I-tam-£hpw

110 CkvemwaXw

e`n-°p-hm≥ Cl-tem-I-kp-J-ßƒ shSn-tb≠ Bh-iy-an-√. adn®v, euInIImcy-ß-fn¬ ssZhsØ kvacn-°p-Ibpw Ahs‚ \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ ewLn-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw ssZh-im-k-\-Iƒs°mØv PohnXw \bn-°p-IbpwsNbvXm¬ Cl-]-c-tem-I-ß-fnse hnP-b-ku- m-Ky-ßƒ t\Smw. Bfl-lXyico-AØv hntcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Imc-Ww- -Po-h≥ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ ssZh-Øn-s‚-Xm-Wv. AXv shdpsX \in-∏n-®p-Iq-Sm. ssZhw \n›-bn® Ah[n hscD]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-≈-Xm-WXv.

ka-kr-jvSn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ

kztZ-l-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ \evIp-hm≥ ico-AØv Iev]n-°p-∂p.]t£, AXv \evIp-tºmƒ A\y-cpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ l\n-°-s∏- p-IqSmF∂v AXn\v \n¿_-‘-ap-≠v. A\y-cpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ Ih¿s∂-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v kz¥w C—-Isf Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-h¿ kzi-co-csØØs∂ aen-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠v tamj-Ww, Ih¿®, h©-\, ssI°q-en,]en-i, I≈-t°-kv, I≈-km£yw F∂nh ico-AØv \njn-≤-am-bn-°m-Wp-∂p. Cu am¿K-Øn-eqsS Hcmƒ h√Xpw t\Sp-tºmƒ as‰m-cmƒ°Xv \-jvSwhcp-Øpw. I≈w, ]c-Zq-j-Ww, Gj-Wn, hymP-amb Ip‰m-tcm-]Ww XpS-ßn-b-hbpw Cu KW-Øn¬s] -Xm-Wv. NqXv, tem´dn F∂n-hbpw CXp-t]m-se-X-s∂. Ch-bn-eq-sS-sb√mw Hcp hy‡n t\Sp∂ em`w a‰-t\Iw hy‡n-I-fpsS \jvSsØ Bi-bn-®m-Wn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. NXn, h©-\-b-S-ßnb CS-]m-Sp-Iƒ, Ib-hn-I-b-Øn¬ Hcp I£n°p amXw \jvSw hcp∂ hym]mchyh-ÿ, AI-aw, sIme, a¿Z\w F∂n-hbpw ico-AØv \ntcm-[n-®-h-bm-Wv.X\n°v em`w t\Sm\pw Xs‚ Bi-Iƒ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°m\pw A\ysc ]oUn-∏n-°p-hmt\m Ah-cpsS Poh≥ l\n-°mt\m B¿°p-a-h-Im-i-an-√. hy`n-Nmcw,]IrXnhncp≤ ssewKn-IX F∂n-hbpw ico-A-Øn¬ A\p-h-Z-\o-b-a-√.CØcw Zp¿hr-Øn-Iƒ AXn-te¿s∏-Sp-∂-h-cpsS BtcmKyw \in-∏n-°p-Ibpwkz`mhw Zpjn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. amX-a-√, kaq-l-Øn¬ s]mXpth \n¿e-÷-Xbpw Zpjn® kz`m-h-ßfpw alm-tcm-K-ßfpw ]S¿∂p ]nSn-°m≥ Ahhgn-sh-°pw. bph Xe-apd \in®pt]mhp-I-bmhpw AXns‚ êw. ]e hn[-Øn-ep≈ Ipg-∏-ßƒ°pw AcmPIXz-Øn\pw AXn-S-bm°pw. a\pjy_‘-ßƒ Xmdp-am-dmbnt∏mhp-Ibpw \mK-cn-I-X-bpsS ASn-thcp-Xs∂ A‰pt]mhp-I-bpw sNøpw.

A\y-cpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ kwc-£n-°m-\mbn ico-A-Øv, hy‡n-I-fpsSta¬ Npa-Ønb \n_-‘-\-I-fm-Wn-Xp-hsc ]d-™-Xv. F∂m¬, kmaqlnIPohn-X-Øns‚ sI´p-d∏pw \mK-cnI ]ptcm-K-Xnbpw ssIh-cn-°p-hm≥ hy‡n,kaq-l-Øns‚ Ah-Im-i-ßƒ l\n-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ amXw t]mcm. adn-®v,hy‡n-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-°-Ø-°-hÆw Ah-cpsS _‘w kpZr-V-am-tI-≠-Xp-≠v. Cu Bh-iym¿Yw ico-AØv Bhn-jvI-cn-®n- p≈ \nb-a-ß-sf-s¥m-s°-sb∂v t\m°mw.

a\p-jy-_-‘-ß-fpsS Bcw`w IpSpw-_-Øn¬\n∂m-W-t√m. `¿Øm-hv,`mcy, k¥m-\-ßƒ F∂n-h-bpsS Iq´mbva°mWv IpSpw_w F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. ico-A-Ø-\p-k-cn®v tPmensNbvXv IpSpw_w ]pe¿tØ≠ _m[yX ]pcp-j-s‚-Xm-Wv. Krl-Im-cy-ßƒ t\m°n \S-Øp-I, `¿Øm-hn\pw k¥m-\-


ßƒ°pw Ign-bp-∂X kpJ-ku-I-cy-ß-sfm-cp-°p-I, in£-W-kw-c-£-W-ßƒ \evIn k¥m-\-ßsf hf¿ØpI F∂n-h-bmWv kvXobn-e¿∏n-°-s∏´_m[y-X-Iƒ. amXm-]n-Xm-°sf A\p-k-cn-°p-I, Ah-tcmSv BZ-chv ImWn-°p-I, hm¿[Iy-Øn¬ Ahsc kwc-£n-°pI XpS-ßn-bh k¥m-\-ß-fpsSNpa-X-e-I-fn¬s∏Sp-∂p. Cu IpSpw-_-hy-hÿ \ne-\n¿Øp-hm≥ Ckvemwc≠v am¿K-ß-fmWv kzoI-cn-®-Xv. H∂m-a-Xm-bn, ]pcp-js\ IpSpw-_-\m-Y-\mbn\n›-bn-®p. Hcp `c-Wm-[n-]-\n-√msX Hcp cmPyØv Hcp hyhÿbpw D≠m-hn-√. Hcp slUvam-Ã-dn-√msX Hcp kvIqƒ \S-°n-√. AXpt]mse Hcp \mY-\n-√msX Hcp IpSpw-_-hy-h-ÿbpw ]pe-cn-√. Hmtcm AwKhpw X∂njvSw]h¿Øn°p∂ Hcp IpSpw-_-Øn¬ kZm hg°pw h°m-Whpw Ii-]n-ibpwamXta ImWq. kt¥m-jhpw kuJyhpw t]cn∂p t]mep-a-hn-sS-bp-≠m-hn-√. `¿Ømhv Hcp hgn°pw `mcy as‰mcp hgn°pw t]mIpw. k¥m-\-ßƒ°vBlmcw t]mepw e`n-°n-√. Cu ÿnXn-sbm-gn-hm-°m≥ IpSpw-_-Øn-s∂mcp\mY-\p-≠mtb ]‰q. AXv ]pcp-j≥ Xs∂ Bbn-cn-°-Ww. ImcWw, IpSpw-_sØ kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn\pw Ah-cpsS Bh-iy-ßƒ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\pap≈ _m[yX ]pcp-j-s‚-Xm-W-t√m.

IpSpw-_-hy-hÿ \ne-\n¿Øp-hm≥ Ckvemw kzoI-cn® c≠m-asØam¿Kw CXmWv: hoSn∂v ]pd-Øp≈ kIe tPmen-I-fpsSbpw DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw]pcp-j∂v \evIp-Ibpw kvXotbmSv A\m-h-iy-ambn hoń\v shfn-bn¬ t]mI-cp-sX∂v Iev]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hoń\v ]pd-Øp≈ Npa-X-e-I-fn¬\n∂vkvXosb Hgn-hm°n \n¿Øn. CXv kzÿ-X-tbmSpw kam-[m-\-tØmSpwIqSnhoń-\-I-Øp≈ I¿Ø-hy-ßƒ \n¿h-ln-°p-hm≥ kvXo°v Ah-k-c-ta-Ip-∂p. F∂m¬, kvXoIƒ hoń¬\n∂v Xosc ]pd-Øp-t]m-I-cp-sX∂v CXn-\¿Y-an-√. Bhiyw t\cn-Sp-tºmƒ kvXo°v shfn-bn¬ t]mImw. kvXobpsSI¿Ø-hy-ß-fpsS km£m¬ cwKw Ah-fpsS Krl-am-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂pw Ah-fpsS apgp-h≥ Ign-hp-Ifpw Km¿lnI Pohn-XsØ IqSp-X¬ kpJ-]-Z-am-°p-∂-Xn¬ hn\n-tbm-Kn-°-W-sa∂pw amX-amWv Ckvem-ans‚ Dt±-iyw.*

c‡-_-‘hpw kvt\l-_-‘hpw IpSpw-_-hr-ØsØ Iptd-°qSn hnI-kn-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu hrØ-Øn¬ IqSn-°-gn-bp-∂-h¿ XΩn-ep≈ _‘w \∂m-°p-hm\pw Ah-sc ]c-kv]cw klm-bn-I-fm°n am‰m\pw th≠n ico-AØvbp‡n-\n-jvThpw ]mtbm-KnI-hp-amb Nne \nb-a-ßƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n- p≠v.

* enwKm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ Cu tPmen-\n¿Wbw XI¿Ø-Xns‚ Xn‡m-\p- -h-ßƒ°ptijwkvXoIƒ hoSp-I-fn-te°v aS-ß-W-sa∂v apd-hnfn Iq´m≥ XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p Nne ]m›m-Xy≥ Nn¥-I-∑m¿. c≠v ]apJ Nn¥-I-∑m-cmb tUm. ^pƒ´≥ sP. jo\n-s‚bpw s]m.knco¬ tPmUn-s‚bpw A`n-]m-b-ßƒ NphsS tN¿°p-∂p. "Iayq-Wnkw B‚ v ZntIm¨sj≥kv Hm v Zn shÃv' (Communism and the Conscience of the west)F∂ IrXn-bn¬ tUmIvS¿ jo≥ Fgp-Xp∂p:

""Ncn-X-Øn¬ XpeyX ImWm-Ø-hn[w \ncm-im-a-b-amWv Ata-cn-°≥ IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-Ønse]£p-_v[m-h-ÿ. cmjvS-Øns‚ _tcm-ao-‰-d-sX(-hmbpL\-am-]n-\n) IpSpw-_w. Ata-cn-°-bnse icm-icn hosS-ß-s\-bmtWm AXn¬\n-s∂m´pw `n∂-a√ Ata-cn-°-bpsS ÿnXn-bpw. ISw sIm≠pw ]Ww [q¿Ø-Sn-®p-amWv Ata-cn-°≥ hoSp-Iƒ ]pe-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬ A\-Xn-hn-Zq-c- m-hn-bn¬ tZiob IS-Øn\v ta¬ tZiob ISw Ip∂p-Iq-Sp∂ Hcp \mSm-bn-Øo-cpwAta-cn-°. Ata-cn-°-bnse icm-icn mcym- ¿Øm-°ƒ Xß-fpsS hnhm-l-°-cm-dp-Iƒ k\n-jvI¿jw ]men-°mØ ]£w AXvem-¥nIv Nm¿ -dnepw (A-Xn¬ ]d-™) \mep Xc-Øn-

112 CkvemwaXw

Ah-bn¬ Nne-XmWv NphsS:

1. ]IrXym ]c-kv]cw CS-s]´v hkn-t°-≠n-h-cp∂ kvXo-]p-cp-j-∑m¿XΩn-ep≈ hnhm-l-_‘w ico-AØv \nb-a-hn-cp-≤-am-°n. amXmhpw aI\pw;]nXmhpw aIfpw; amXm-hns‚ `¿Ømhpw `mcy-bpsS aIfpw; ]nXm-hns‚`mcybpw `¿Øm-hn-s‚- a-I-\pw; ktlm-Zco ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿; ]nXr-hy\pwktlm-Z-c-]p-Xnbpw ; ]nXr-k-tlm-Z-cnbpw ktlm-Z-c-]p-X\pw; amXr-k-tlm-Z-c\pw ktlm-Z-co-]p-Xnbpw; amXr-k-tlm-Z-cn-Ifpw ktlm-Zco ]pX-∑mcpw;`mcym-am-Xmhpw ]pXo ¿Ømhpw; ¿Ør ]nXmhpw ]pX- m-cy-bpw- -C-h-cmWvico-AØv hnhm-l-_‘w \njn-≤-am-°n-bn- p≈ c‡- -Ip-Spw_ _‘p-°ƒ.CXn¬ [mcmfw KpW-ß-f-S-ßn-bn- p-≠v. Cu hn`m-K-Øn¬s] -h¿ XΩn-ep≈s]cp-am‰w ]cn-]m-h-\-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw Zp¿hn-Nm-c-ßƒ Ie-cmØ \njvI-f-¶-kvt\-l-tØmsS Ah¿ XΩn¬ kl-h-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂Xv Ah-bn¬ apJy-amb H∂-tX.

2. ]c-kv]c _‘w IqSp-X¬ ZrV-am-bn-Øo-cp-hm-\mbn IpSpw-_-Ønse\nb-a-hn-cp-≤-am-°-s∏- -h-scm-gn-®p≈ a‰p kvXo]p-cp-j-∑m¿ XΩn¬ hnhmlwsNøp-∂Xv ico-AØv A\p-h-Z-\o-b-am-°n. kz`m-h-ßfpw BNm-c-k-º-Zm-b-ßfpw ]cn-N-bn-®-dn-™-h¿ XΩn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ hnhm-l-_-‘-amWv IqSp-X¬hnP-b-I-c-am-bn-Øo-cp-I. A\y-cp-am-bp≈ _‘-Øn¬ ]et∏mgpw hntbm-Pn∏pw `n∂n∏pw D≠m-Im≥ km[yX Gsd-bm-Wv. C°m-c-W-Øm-emWvCkvemw F√m \ne-bnepw At\ym\yw tbmPn-∏p≈ kvXo ]pcp-j-∑m¿XΩn-ep≈ hnhm-l-Øn\v ap≥K-W\ \evIp-∂-Xv.

3. Hcp IpSpw-_-Øn¬ Zcn-Zcpw kº-∂cpap≠m-Ipw. kpÿn-Xn-bn-ep-≈-

ep≈ kzmX-¥y-ß-fnepw (Four Freedoms) hniz-kn-°m≥ A\ysc \n¿_-‘n-°m≥ Ata-cn-°-°h-Im-i-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-∂-X-√.

""kvt\l-Øns‚ t\ -ßƒ a\-∏q¿hw hnkva-cn-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬, an®-ap≈ ]cp-Ønbpw Im∏nbpwIS-en-sem-gp-°m\pw kmº-ØnI aqey-ßƒ°p th≠n ]Ir-Xnsb XI¿°m\pw t]cn-∏n-°p∂ kmº-Øn-I-\-b-ß-fm-bn-cn°pw \mw Icp-∏n-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. c≠mƒ°pw th≠n F∂-Xn-ep-]cn Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw kzm¿Y-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv `mcym- ¿Øm-°ƒ Pohn-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬, At\ym-\ym-i-b-Øn-eq-sSbpw ]c-kv]c kl-I-c-W-Øn-eq-sSbpw amXta Xßƒ°vhy‡n-]-c-amb kuJyw e`y-amIq F∂v Ah¿°v ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ `mcym-`¿Øm°ƒ IW-s°, aqe-[-\hpw ]b-Xv\hpw XΩn¬ t]mcm- -Øn-te¿s∏-Spw. Aßs\Ah c≠pw kmaq-ly-Po-hnXw hnc-khpw hy¿Y-hp-am°pw. kmº-ØnI kam-[m\w sISp-Øpw. Xm¥m-ß-fn¬\n∂v hn v kzX-¥-ambn t]am¿Y\ \-S-Øm≥ mcym- ¿Øm-°ƒ kΩ-Xn-°p∂ ]£w hntZ-iob XØz-im-kvX-ßƒ \pg™pIb-dp∂ \mSm-bn-Øocpw Ata-cn-°. "tZi- ‡n' F∂p ]d-bp∂ B ]c-a-amb Iqdns\ Iayq-Wnkw F]-Imcw XqØp-am-‰p-∂pthm A]-Imcw Xs∂. ssZh-sas∂m-∂n-√m-Ø-t]mse `mcym- ¿Øm-°ƒ s]cp-am-dp-∂-Xm-bm¬ tZio-b-sa-t∂mWw \nco-iz-c-Xz-Øn\p th≠n hmZn-°p-∂, kzmX-¥y-]-Jym-]-\sØ Jfin-°p-∂, \ΩpsS F√m Ah-Im-i-_m-[y-X-Ifpw ssZh-Z-Ø-am-sW-∂-Xns\\ntj-[n-°p∂ DtZym-Kÿ ta[m-hn-I-fp-ambncn°pw Ata-cn-°-°p-≠m-hp-I. cmjvS-Øns‚kz`mhw \n¿W-bn-°p-∂Xv hoS-sX. IpSpw-_-Øn-se kw`hw Imem-¥-c-Øn¬ tIm¨K-knepw ssh‰vlu-knepw kp]ow-tIm¿ń-ep-sa√mw ]Xym-Lm-Xap-f-hm-°pw. A¿ln-°p∂Kh¿sa‚mWv Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw e`n-°p-I. hoń-se-t∏m-se-bmWv cmjvShpw Pohn-°p-I.''

Iptd-°qSn apt∂m´p t]mbn-s°m≠v s]m - ¿ knco¬ tPmUv ]d-bp∂p:

""kvXoIƒ Krl- -inip ]cn-]m-e-\-Øn∂v kΩ-Xn-°p∂ ]£w AXp-hgn Pohn-X-\n-e-hmcwAev]w Xmgv∂mepw temIw IqSp-X¬ kuJy ]q¿W-am-tb-s\-sb∂v Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂p.''(Variety, December, 1, 1952)


hcpw Zpxÿn-Xn-bn-ep-≈-hcpw ImWpw. AXn-\m¬, hy‡n-Iƒ kz¥w IpSpw-_mw-K-ß-fpsS kwc-£-W-Øn\v ap≥K-W\ \evI-W-sa∂v Ckvemw A\p-im-kn-°p-∂p. CXn\v Ckvem-ans‚ kmt¶-XnI mj-bn¬ "kzne-Øp¿dlvav'(Ip-Spw-_- _‘ßƒ tN¿°¬)-F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. Ckvemw AXn-Ku-c-h-tØmsS ImWp∂ Imcy-am-Wn-Xv. IpSpw-_-_-‘-ßƒ th¿s]-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v"JXv-D¿dlvav'F∂mWv kmt¶-XnI `mj. CXv \njn-≤-amb alm-]m-]-am-Wv. _‘p-°-fn-sem-cmƒ Zcn-Zt\m a‰p Zpcn-X-ß-fp-≈-bmtfm BsW-¶n¬Ahs\ Ignbpwhn[-sa√mw klm-bn-t°-≠-Xv kpÿn-Xn-bn¬ Ign-bp∂_‘p-°-fpsS I¿Ø-hy-am-Ip-∂p. Zm\-[¿a-ß-fnepw _‘p-°-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ°v Ckvemw ]tXyIw ap≥K-W\ \evIp-∂p-≠v.

4. bp‡n\njvT-amb Hcp A\-¥-cm-h-Im-i-\n-baw Ckvemw Bhn-jvI-cn-®p. ac-Wm-\-¥cw Hcm-fpsS kºØv ac-hn®pt]mImsX, kz¥w _‘p-°ƒ°n-S-bn¬ hoXn-°-s∏-Sp∂ Zmb-I-a-hy-h-ÿ. ]pX≥, ]pXn, `mcy,`¿Øm-hv, ]nXm-hv, amXm-hv, ktlm-Z-c≥, ktlm-Zcn F∂n-h-cmWv Hcm-fpsSG‰hpw ASpØ _‘p-°ƒ. AXn-\m¬, Zmb-I-a-Øns‚ ]Ya tiWn-bn¬ Ah-cm-Wp-≈-Xv. Ah-cn¬ Bcp-an-s√-¶n¬ ]tc-X-t\mSv Xmc-X-tay\IqSp-X¬ ASpØh¿°v Hmlcn e`n-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. C∆n[w ac-Wm-\-¥cwHcmƒ hn´p-t]m-Ip∂ kºØv kzIp-Spw-_-Ønse At\Iw t]¿°v ]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu Ckvem-anI \nbaw temIØv Xpey-X-bn-√mØ H∂-tX.ASp-Ø-Im-e-Ømbn CXc kap-Zm-b-ßfpw AXv ]I¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]t£, apkvenw-I-fn¬ Nne¿ kz¥w A⁄-Xbpw ]nSn-∏p-tISpw aqew Cu hninjvS \nb-asØ ewLn-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv F¥p-amXw]cn-Xm-]-I-c-a√! hnin-jym, s]Ïp-ń-Iƒ°v Ah-Imiw sImSp-°m-Xn-cn-°pI F∂ kº-Zmbw C¥y-bnepw ]m°n-ÿm-\nepap≈ apkvenw-I-fn¬hf-sc-b-[nIw hym]n-®n- p-≠v. CXv ISpØ AI-ahpw hnip≤ Jp¿-B∂vXo¿Øpw hncp-≤-hp-am-Wv.

_‘p-°ƒ Ign-™m¬, \ΩpsS _‘w kvt\l-P-\-ßƒ, Ab¬hm-kn-Iƒ, tZi-°m¿, cmPy-°m¿ F∂n-h-tcm-Sm-Wv. Ch-tcm-sS√mw kXy-k-‘-X-tbmSpw acym-Z-tbmSpw \oXn-t_m-[-tØmSpw kZzn-Im-c-tØmSpw IqSn h¿Øn-°-W-sa∂v Ckvemw Iev]n-°p-∂p. Bscbpw IjvS-s∏-Sp-Ø-cp-Xv, Bcp-sSbpwa\- ns\ thZ-\n-∏n-°-cp-Xv, BtcmSpw Ak`yw ]d-b-cp-Xv, At\ym\yw klm-bn-°p-I, tcmKn-Isf kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°p-th≠ ipiq-j-Iƒ \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøpI; acn-®-h-cpsS ih-kw-kvIm-c-Øn¬ ]¶p-tN-cp-I, B]Øn-\n-c-bm-hp-∂-h-tcmSv A\p-I-ºbpw kl-Xm-]hpw ImWn-°p-I, ]mh-ßƒ°pwAK-Xn-Iƒ°pw hnI-emw-K¿°pw cl-ky-ambn klm-b-sa-Øn-°p-I, sXmgn¬cln-X¿°v sXmgn¬ \evIn klm-bn-°p-I, kºØv kz¥w kpJm-Uw-_-c-ß-fn¬ amXw hybw sNøm-sX, ]c-k-lm-b-Øn\mbn hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-I- -C-sX√mw A\y-P-\-ß-tfmSv h¿Øn-t°-≠p∂ Ckvem-an-Im-\p-im-k-\-I-fm-Wv.kz¿Whpw sh≈nbpwsIm≠p≈ ]mX-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xpw ]pcp-j-∑m¿]´p hkvX-ßfpw kz¿Wm- -c-W-ß-fp-a-Wn-bp-∂Xpw [\w A\m-h-iy-hn-t\m-Z-ß-fnepw BUw-_-c-ß-fnepw Zp¿hybw sNøp-∂Xpw Ckvemw hne-°p-∂p.]c-k-lkw ssZh-Zm-k-∑m¿°v Blm-c-Øn-\p-X-tI≠ [\w Hcp hy‡n[q¿Ø-Sn®p If-bp-∂Xv icn-b-√-t√m. \nc-h[n t]cpsS hni-∏-S-°m≥ aXn-

114 CkvemwaXw

bm-Ip∂ [\w Hcm- -c-W-Øns‚ cq]-Øn¬ Hcm-fpsS ico-c-Øn¬ Xqßn-°n-S-°p-Itbm Hcp ]mX-Øns‚ cq]-Øn¬ Hcp tai-∏pdw Ae-¶-cn-°p-ItbmHcp ]c-h-Xm-\n-bpsS cq]-Øn¬ Hcp kzoI-c-W-ap-dn°v tim` ]I-cp-ItbmIcn-a-cp-∂mbn A·n-bn¬ IØn Zln-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂Xv ISpØ AI-a-am-Wv. kºØv hy‡n-I-fn¬\n∂v A∏msS ]nSn-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ckvemw Dt±-in-°p-∂n-√. Hcp-hs‚ kz¥w kºm-Zyhpw A\-¥-cm-h-Im-i-ambn e`n®[\hpw Ah-s‚Xv Xs∂-bm-Wv. AXp]-tbm-Kn®v Pohn-XsØ B\-µ-]-Z-am-°m-\p≈ ]q¿Wm-[n-Imcw hy‡n-°p-≠v. ssZhw \ap°v \evIn-bn- p≈A\p-K-l-ßƒ hoSv, hml-\w, hkvXw apX-em-b-h-bn¬ ]I-S-am-bn-°m-Wp-∂Xpw Ckvemw shdp-°p-∂n-√. BUw-_-chpw [q¿Øp-an-√mØ anX-ambHcp Pohn-X-ssien kzoI-cn-°-W-sat∂ Ckvemw Dt±-in-°p-∂p-≈q. \ΩpsSBh-iy-ßƒ AXn-cn-√m-Ø-hn[w h¿[n-∏n-°m-sX, IpSpw-_mw-K-ßƒ°pwkvt\l-P-\-ßƒ°pw Ab¬hm-kn-Iƒ°pw kap-Zm-bmw-K-ßƒ°pw tZi-hm-kn-Iƒ°pw Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ \evI-W-sa∂pw AXm-K-ln-°p-∂p.*

Cu ]cn-anX hrØ-Øn\v ]pdØv hnim-e-amb Hcp temI-ap-≠v. apgp-h≥ apkvenwIfpw Dƒs°m-≈p∂ Hcp temIw. GXp tZi-°mtcm `mj-°mtcm Xe-ap-d-°mtcm BI-s´, apkvenw-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw kl-Im-cn-I-fm-bn-cn-°-Ww. Ah¿°n-S-bn¬ A\n-jvS-kw- -h-ß-fp-≠m-Ip-hm-\p≈ hgn-I-f-S®pIf-b-Ww. Cu Dt±-iym¿Yw Ckvemw Nne hyh-ÿ-Iƒ Bhn-jvI-cn-®n- p-≠v. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-\mbn NneXv amXw ChnsS kqNn-∏n-°mw.

1. apkvenw-I-fpsS ]c-kv]c _‘w kpZr-Vhpw ]mh-\-hp-am-t°-≠-Xn\vAh-cpsS kz`mhw kwkvI-cn-t°-≠Xpw Ah-cn¬ km∑m¿Kn-I-t_m[whf¿tØ-≠-Xp-ap-≠v. CXv ap≥\n¿Øn, hnhm-l-_-‘-Øn-te¿s∏-Sm≥ A\p-hm-Z-ap≈ kvXo]p-cp-j-∑m-cpsS kzX-¥-amb IqSn-t®-c¬ Ckvemw hne-°p-∂p. kvXo ]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS ""skmssk-‰n-Iƒ''sht∆sd Bbn-cn-°-W-sa-∂mWv Ckvem-ans‚ imk-\. kvXoI-fpsS I¿a-cwKw Krl-am-Wv. ]pd-Øn-d-tß≠ Bhiyw h∂m¬ BI¿j-I-a-√mØ A\m-Uw-_c hkvX-ßƒD]-tbm-Kn®v icocw apgp-h\pw icn°v adt® Cd-ßm-hq. \nhr-Øn-bn-√mØL´-ß-fn-e-√msX apJtam ssI∏-Stam t]mepw ]pdØp ImWn-°-cp-Xv.˛Ckvemw kvXoIƒ°p \evIp∂ \n¿tZi-ß-fm-Wn-h. AtX Ah-kcw,A\y-kvXo-Isf t\m°-cp-sX-∂pw, I≠p-t]m-bm¬ ZrjvSn Xncn®p If-b-W-sa∂pw c≠m-aXv t\m°p-hm≥ Xp\n-bp-Itbm Ahsc kao-]n-°p-hm≥ ian-°p-Itbm sNø-cp-sX∂pw Ckvemw ]pcp-j-∑m-tcmSpw B⁄m-]n-°p-∂p.kz`mh kwkvI-c-W-Øn\pw hnIm-c-i-a-\-Øn\p-ambn ssZhw \n›-bn®hnhmlw F∂ AXn-cn-∂-∏pdw NmSm≥ ian-°-cp-Xv. F∂-√, Aß-s\-sbmcpNn¥-t]mepw DZv -hn-®p-Iq-Sm. Cu ań¬ Bfl-\n-b-¥Ww ]men-t°-≠-Xv,Ckvem-anI ZrjvSym kvXo]p-cp-j-∑m-cpsS Hgn-®p-Iq-SmØ _m[y-X-b-tX.

2. apkvenw-I-fpsS [m¿anI `Z-X°v ico-AØv \n›-bn® as‰mcphyhÿ hkvX-[m-c-W-Øn-em-Wv. ]pcp-j-∑m¿ Im¬ap- n\pw s]m°n-fn\pwCS-bv°p≈ `mKhpw kvXoIƒ apJhpw ssI∏-Shpw Hgn-®p≈ `mKhpw ad-bv°Ww F∂v Ckvemw A\p-imkn°p-∂p. ASpØ _‘p-hns‚ apºn¬

* A√mlp ]d-bp∂p: ""Ah-cpsS kzØn¬ bmN-I∂pw C√m-Ø-h∂pw Ah-Im-i-ß-fp≠v.''(51: 19)


t]mepw Ah Xpd-∂n-S-cp-Xv. ico-c-Ønse ]kvXpX `mK-ßƒ°v ico-A-Øns‚ `mj-bn¬"knXvdv'(a-d) F∂v ]d-bp-∂p. apkvenwIfn¬ e÷m-ioewhf¿Øp-Ibpw Zp¿hr-ØnIƒ°v t]cn-∏n-°p∂ \n¿e-÷X ]S¿∂p]nSn-°p-∂Xv XS-bp-I-bp-amWv CXp-sIm≠v Ckvemw e£y-am-°p-∂-Xv.

3. hnt\m-Z-ßƒ°v Ckvemw G¿s∏-Sp-Ønb \nb-¥-W-amWv aq∂m-asØkwK-Xn. kz`mhw Zpjn-∏n-°p-Ibpw Zpcm-K-lhpw Zp¿hn-Im-c-ßfpw DtØ-Pn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ hnt\m-Z-ßƒ AX-\p-h-Zn-°n-√. ka-bw, Btcm-Kyw,[\w, am\w F∂nh \in-∏n-°p∂ hnt\m-Z-ßfpw \njn-≤-a-tX. Hgnhp thf-I-fn¬ hnt\m-Z-ßƒ kz¥w \ne°v Gsd Bh-iy-am-Wv. \thm-t∑-jhpwI¿assNX-\yhpw ]I-cm≥ A[zm-\-tØm-sSm∏w eoem-hn-t\m-Z-ßfpw AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. ]t£, Ah Bflm-hns\ aen-\-am-°p∂ Xc-Øn-ep≈hbm-h-cp-Xv. kvXo ]pcpj t`Z-an-√m-sX, ]c-k-lkw P\-ßƒ, ]m]-hr-Øn-I-fpsS km¶-ev]n-Im-hn-jvIm-c-ßfpw A«oe Zriy-ßfpw I≠psIm≠n-cn-°pI F∂ Akw-_‘w ]pdta FX-Xs∂ BI¿j-Wo-b-am-bn-cp-∂mepw P\-ß-fpsS kz`m-h-N-cy-Isf Atßb‰w Zpjn-∏n-°p-∂-h-bm-Wv F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ X¿°-an-√.

4. I£n-am-’-cy-ßfpw ssiYn-eyhpw Xotc h¿Pn-°-W-sa∂v Ckvemwapkvenw-I-tfmSv i‡n-bmbn Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ `Z-X°pwt£ssa-iz-cy-ßƒ°pw CXv A\p-t]-£-Wo-b-a-tX. A`n-]m-b-hy-Xym-k-ßƒ, Bflm¿Y-X-tbmSpw Dt±iy ip≤n-tbmSpw IqSn, hnip-≤-Jp¿-B-s‚bpwXncp-kp-∂-Øns‚bpw Xo¿∏n\v hnS-Ww. F∂n´pw Hcp Xocp-am\w Akm-[y-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ XΩn¬ Ie-ln-°msX AXv ssZh-Øn-¶-e¿∏n-°p-I-bmWv th≠-Xv. apkvenw-Iƒ°v \∑bpw hnP-bhpw ssIh-cp-Øp∂ Imcy-ß-fn¬ kl-I-cn-°p-I, t\Xm-°sf A\p-k-cn-°p-I, \mihpw B`y-¥-c-Ip-g-∏hpw D≠m-°p-∂-h-cn¬\n∂pw hn´p\n-ev°p-I, XΩn¬ Ie-ln®v A]-Io¿Ønbpw _e-lo-\-Xbpw hcp-Øm-Xn-cn-°pI F∂n-h-sb√mw ico-AØvapkvenw-I-tfmSv i‡n-bmbn Bh-iy-s∏- n- p≈ Imcy-ß-fm-Wv.

5. Aap-kvenw-I-fn¬\n∂v imkvX- -Iem hn⁄m-\o-b-ßƒ Ic-ÿ-am-°p-hm\pw Ah-cpsS e-]-Z-amb PohnX am¿K-ßƒ ]Tn-°p-hm\pw apkvenw-Iƒ°v ]q¿Wm-\p-hm-Z-ap-≠v. F∂m¬, Pohn-X-Øn¬ Ahsc IÆ-S-®-\p-I-cn-°p-∂Xv Ckvemw hne-°p-∂p. Hcp kap-Zmbw, kz¥w Ign-hp-tISpw sIm≈-cp-Xm-bvabpw kzbw kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw a‰p kap-Zm-b-ß-fn¬ \∑bpw tijvT-X-bp-ap-s≠∂v AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-tºm-gmWv A\y-k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fpsSBNm-c-k-º-Zm-b-ßƒ A∏Sn A\p-I-cn-°p-hm≥ XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. ASn-a-Ø-Øns‚ G‰hpw lo\-amb ]I-S-\-am-Wn-Xv. kz¥w ]X-\-Øn-s‚bpw ]cm-P-bØns‚bpw ]c-ky-hn-fw-_-chpw. A\p-I-cn-°p∂ kap-Zm-b-Øns‚kwkvImcw \mam-h-ti-j-am-bn-t∏m-hp-I-bm-Wn-Xns‚ êw. C°m-cWwsIm≠mWv A\y -k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fpsS kwkvImcw kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv \_n(k)Xncp-ta\n ITn-\-ambn hntcm-[n-®-Xv. Hcp kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ bi pw ]Xm-]hpw Ah-cpsS hkvX-[m-c-W-Øntem PohnX coXn-bntem A√. Ah-cpsShn⁄m-\w, Z-X, Imcy-ti-jn, I¿a-i‡n F∂n-h-bm-W-Xns‚ am\-Z-fiw.AXn-\m¬, i‡nbpw ]Xm-]hpw Ic-ÿ-am-°-em-Wp-t±-iy-sa-¶n¬ AXn-∂p-X-Ip∂ am¿K-ß-fm-W-h-ew-_n-t°-≠-Xv. A√m-sX, kap-Zm-b-ßsf ASn-

116 CkvemwaXw

a-Ø-Øn¬ Xf®v, HSp-hn¬ A\y-kw-kvIm-c-ß-fn¬ ebn-®v, kz¥w kmwkvI-mcn-Im-kvXnXzw Xs∂ \in®pt]mIm-\n-S-h-cp-Øp∂ coXn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°p-I-b-√.

6. A\y-a-X-ÿ-tcmSv XnI™ \njv]-£-Xbpw hnim-e-a-\-kvI-XbpwImWn-°-W-sa∂v Ckvemw ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. ]£-]m-Xhpw k¶p-NnX a\-ÿn-Xnbpw Ckvem-sam-cn-°epw s]mdp-∏n-°p-∂n-√. A\y-a-X-ÿ-cpsS alm-flm-°-sfbpw t\Xm-°-sfbpw Ah-tl-fn-°-cp-sX-∂mWv Ckvem-ans‚ A[ym-]-\w. Ah-cpsS aX-hn-izm-k-ß-sf A]-l-kn-°p-Itbm Ah-cp-ambn Ie-ln-°tbm Acp-Xv. Ah¿ kvt\l-Ønepw aa-X-bnepw h¿Øn-°p∂ Ime-tØmfw AXv Xncn®p\evIm≥ apkvenw-Iƒ _m[y-ÿ-cm-Wv. apkvenwIfpsSAh-Im-i-ßƒ Ah¿ A]-l-cn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ AtX \ne-]mSv Xncn®pwth≠-Xm-Wv. F∂-√, apkvenw-Iƒ CXc aX-ÿ-sc-°mƒ, kvt\lm-\p-I-ºbpw kz`m-h-ip-≤nbpw hnime a\-kvI-Xbpap≈-h-cm-bn-cn-°pI F∂-XmWvCkvem-anI kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ Xm¬]-cyw. A\o-Xnbpw AI-ahpw kzm¿Y-Xbpw Hcp apkven-ans‚ ]Z-hn°v \nc-°p-∂-X-√. am\y-X, k¬kz- m-hw, [¿a-\njvT F∂n-h°v DØ-a-am-XrIbmbn ]cn-e-kn-t°-≠-Xm-W-bmƒ. D¬Ir-jvShpw DZm-Ø-hp-amb BZ¿i-Po-hnXw hgn a\p-jy-a-\- p-Isf BI¿jn-s®-Sp-°p-I-bmWv Abm-fpsS [¿aw.

CXc krjvSn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ßƒ

Xs‚ AkwJyw krjvSn-I-fpsS ta¬ ssZhw a\p-jy∂v A[n-Imcw\evIn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. a\p-jy-\m-I-s´, kz¥w Ign-hp-]-tbm-Kn®v Ahsb A[o-\-s∏-SpØn NqjWwsNøp-∂p. krjvSn-I-fn-ep-∂-X-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ AXn-∂p≈ Ah-Imiw a\p-jy-∂p-≠v. F∂m¬, ]kvXpX krjvSn-Iƒ°p-ap≠vNne Ah-Im-i-ßƒ. A\m-h-iy-amtbm Bh-iy-Øn¬°hnt™m a\p-jy≥Ahsb \in-∏n®p IqSm. Ah D]-bp-‡-am-°p-∂-Xn¬ G‰hpw DØ-a-ambam¿Kw thWw kzoI-cn-°m≥- -C-sX√mw CX-c-kr-jvSn-I-fpsS Ah-Im-i-ß-fm-Wv. Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ [mcmfw hn[n-Iƒ ImWmw ico-A-Øn¬. Blm-cm-h-iym¿Ytam tZmlw XS-bmt\m Bbn amXta Pohn-Isf sIm√m-hq.A\m-h-iy-amtbm Hcp ck-Øn\v th≠ntbm sIm√p-∂Xv \njn-≤-am-Wv.`£ym-h-iy-Øn\v Pohn-Isf sIm√p-tºmƒ, Igp-Øn¬ Adp-°-W-sa-∂mWv\nbaw. CXm-Wv \√ amwkw e`n-°m≥ ]‰nb coXn. Pohn-Iƒ°v hnjawIpd-bv°p∂ a‰p coXn-I-fp-≠m-hmw. ]t£, Ah amwk-Øns‚ At\IwKpW-ßƒ \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øpw. amwk-Øns‚ KpW-ßƒ \jvS-s∏-Sp-ØmØ coXn-Ifpw ImWpw. ]t£, Ah Pohn-Iƒ°v Gsd ]bm-k-ap-≠m-°pw. Cuc≠p -h-i-ßfpw ]c-am-h[n ]cn-K-Wn-°p-I-bmWv Ckvemw sNbvX-Xv. Pohn-Isf \n¿Zbw a¿Zn®v sIm√p-∂Xv Ckvemw \ntcm-[n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

hnj-P-¥p-°-sfbpw ZpjvS-ar-K-ß-sfbpw sIm√m≥ Ckvemw A\p-h-Zn-®n- p-≠v. a\p-jy-Po-h≥ Ah-bpsS Poh-s\-°mƒ hne-s∏´XmbXpsIm≠m-WnXv. F∂m¬, Ah-sb-t∏mepw Gsd ]oUn-∏n-°msX thWw sIm√m≥.khmcn sNøm\pw `mcw hen-°m\pw D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ arK-ßsf ]ń-Wn-°n-S-cp-Xv. Xmßm-\m-hmØ tPmen-Iƒ sNøn-°tbm \n¿Zbw a¿Zn-°tbmAcp-Xv. ]d-h-Isf A\m-h-iy-ambn Iqń¬ _‘n-®n-S-cp-Xv Ckvemw \evIp∂


imk-\-I-fm-Wn-h. Pohn-I-fpsS Imcy-an-cn-°-s´, kky-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Ckvem-an\v kz¥w ImgvN-∏m-Sp-≠v. AIm-c-W-ambn ac-ßƒ apdn®p-X≈p-∂XvCkvemw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂n-√. ]pjv]-ßfpw e-ßfpw \ap°v ]dn-s®-Sp-°mw.F∂m¬ A\m-h-iy-ambn \in-∏n-°p-hm≥ \ap-°-h-Im-i-an-√. kky-ßƒ°vPoh-\p-≈XpsIm≠m-WnXv F∂v ]d-t™°mw. F∂m¬, Poh-\n-√m-Ø-h-sbbpw A\m-h-iy-ambn \in-∏n-®p-Iq-Sm. sh≈w shdpsX Hgp-°n-°-f-bp-∂-Xp-t]mepw Ckvemw hne-°p-∂p.

ico-AØv˛km¿h-P-\o-\w, imizXw

apl-Ω-Zv\-_n(-k) aptJ\ \evI-s∏´ ico-A-Øns‚ kz`m-h-sØ-°p-dn® Hcp kw£n]vX cq]-amWv CXv hsc hnh-cn-®-Xv. Cu ico-A-Øn¬a\p-jy¿ XΩn¬ Hcp hyXym-k-hp-an-√˛ hnizm-kw, BZ¿iw, I¿aw F∂oImcy-ßfpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-e-√m-sX. IpSpw-_w, tZiw, h¿Ww F∂n-h-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ a\p-jysc Xcw Xncn-°p∂ Hcp aXtam Z¿i-\tamHcn-°epw km¿h-P-\o-\-am-bn-cn-°n-√. Imc-W-ap-≠v: Hcp hwi-Øn¬s]´ a\p-jy¿ as‰mcp hwi-°m-cmbn amdp-I-bn-√; temI-Ønse a\p-jyscm∂mbnHcn-SØv Xma-k-am-°pI kw -mhy-a√; B^n-°s‚ Idp-t∏m ssN\-°m-cs‚ a™tbm bqtdm-]ys‚ shfpt∏m amdp-I-bp-an-√. AXn-\m¬, hwi- -tZ-i- -h¿W-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ cq]-s∏´ aX-ßƒ Hcp P\-X-bn¬ HXp-ßn-\nev°p-Itb D≈q. F∂m¬, Ckvem-anI \nb-a-kw-lnX temI-ØnseF√m P\-ßƒ°p-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. Imc-Ww, ""emC-eml C√-√m-lp, apl-Ω-Zp¿d-kq-ep-√mln'' F∂ ]cn-ip≤ hmIy-Øn¬ hniz-kn® B¿°pw apkvenw ]m¿´n-bn¬ Xpeym-h-Im-i-tØmsS ]th-in-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. hwiw, `mj, tZiw,h¿Ww F∂o t`Z-ß-sfm∂pw AXn-en-√.

amX-a-√, Cu ico-AØv Imem-¥yw-hsc D≈-Xm-Wv˛ Hcp imizX ico-A-Øm-W-Xv. AXns‚ \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-Iƒ Hcp ]tXyI kap-Zm-b-Øn-s‚tbm\n›nX Ime-L-´-Øn-s‚tbm BNm-c-co-Xn-Iƒ B[m-c-am-°n-bp-≈-h-b√-.adn-®v, a\p-jy≥ GXv ]Ir-Xn-tbm-sS-bmtWm krjvSn-°-s∏- Xv B ]Ir-Xn-°-\p-kr-X-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-®-Xm-W-Xv. a\p-jy-]-Ir-Xn°v am‰-an-√. F°m-eØpw GXv ]cn-Xx-ÿn-Xn-bnepw AXv Htc \ne-bn¬ h¿Øn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬, B ]IrXn°\p-kr-X-ambn Bhn-jvI-cn-°-s∏´ \nb-a-ßƒ°pw am‰wkm[y-a-√.

Ckvemw-aXw · Ckvemw-aXw A_p¬-A-Avem auZqZn hnh¿Ø\w: hn.-]n. apl-Ω-Zen `mjm-]-cn-jvI-cWw:...

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Transcript of Ckvemw-aXw · Ckvemw-aXw A_p¬-A-Avem auZqZn hnh¿Ø\w: hn.-]n. apl-Ω-Zen `mjm-]-cn-jvI-cWw:...