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Chakradhar: Did you finish your assignment?

(F j - Jh- ?)assignment= J u- p-p E.

Giridhar: Of course not. You remember, last

week I had my books stolen. Then

followed a sunday. No shops were

open to buy books. The next day I

had to leave town to call on my sick

uncle. I returned yesterday, and

because of the trade bandh, I found

all the shops closed.

(s. hC- F, - h-- TL. yC *aC. h O h- -E. s o u - V x-. Eo AJ-*a, u- x Fo -.)

Chakradhar: The boss is not all too happy. He

was expecting you to turn it in

last saturday itself.

( o . yEo E- ah-E P-.)

all too= * (\)/ A.Not , not .He comes here all too often.

(\ K \ h Eo-x -d .

*C .)Giridhar: What does heknow? The

theft of the books and the other

things has left me shocked, and yet

this man wants the work completed

even before the due time.

(- - hC? h, h- o C. - - E Jh -.)

due date/ due time= .

Chakradhar: Just don't worry. The due date isstill a week off. You borrow my

books and get it done by then. In

the mean time I'll tell the boss not

to trouble you.

( -. VC. h- BE EJh-u. u Eo --dlE .)

Giridhar: Just three more days and I'll have it

done.

( V . Eo

Jh h.)Chakradhar: You have already made your

ability known to him. He knows

when he gives you a job you do it

well. That's we in the office hear

your name called whenever he

has a tough job on hand.

(F nu --p- L- F E pT yC

a) He left the box open.

( d J* C- .)b) Sarala keeps her room clean.

( CE v -C.)j sentences left (leave), keeps (keep) verbs C pattern !a) left (verb) + the box (something) + open

(adjective)

b) keeps (verbs) + her room (something) +

clean (adjective).

Verbs pattern Verbs lesson ? J-Eo The Kidnappers set the boy free.

(o-x xE C-- .)set (verb) + the boy (somebody) + free

(Adjective) Pattern verbs EoF, C pattern .Verb + somebody/ something + past partici-

ple.( j sentence * adjective past participle (pp) h-o- .)Now look at the following sentences from

the conversation

above

1) ...I had my books

stolen.

2) ...I found all the

shops closed.

3) ... The theft of the books and the

other things left me shocked.

4) ...and get it done (by then).

5) ...and I'll have it done.

6) you have (already) made your

ability known (to him).

7) We in the office hear your name

called.

Observe all the sentences above. You find

the past participle of the end of almost all

the sentences. Don't worry about the word's

in brackets.

1) I had my books stolen-

had (verb) + my books (something) + stolen

(past participle-pp). have pat-tern ao C spoken english - apattern.

He has his car painted once in four years-

has (verb) + his car (something) + paint-

ed(pp)

(vA --x -)

2) I found the all the shops closed.

found (verb) + all the shops (something) +

closed(pp)

(Eo .) She finds herself cheated every time.

finds (verb) + herself (somebody) + cheated

(pp)( -x -E-h vBJ)

3) The theft of the

books and the

other things left

me shocked.

left (verb) + me

(somebody) +

shocked (pp)

( h-, h- o C.)

She leaves her child unattended.leaves (verb) + her child (some-

body/something) + unattended

(pp)

( Gf --- C-L-Rx C.)

4) ...get it done.

get (verb) + it (something) + done (pp)

( E-/ .) He gets his house white washed once in

three years.

gets (verb) + his house (something) + white

washed (pp)

( xJ xh.) The officer got the clerk transferred.

got (verb) + the clerk (somebody) + trans-

ferred (pp)

(5) Have it

stolen, p

I will hav

it).

(x Will hav

cleaned

The doc(d

will have (v

6) You hav

have m

+ know

We hea

(F

pattern x.verb + som

pattern yu.

She finds herself cheated everShe finds herself cheated every timy tim

x--x--- 364

M.SURESAN

EXERCISE

Practise the following aloud in English:

Sagar: E AJ-aJ d. \-x ?(find )

Sudhir: d Y -v.

ANSWER

Sagar: When I returned home, I found the

house locked. Where have you been?

Sudhir: I had been to the laundry. I wanted

(to have) my clothes ironed.

Sagar: You're always like that. By the time I

came home you leave the house

v o: i) PrteN

ii) I

da

iii) I

iv) H

(

--: i

s

Y

e

te

It

H

c

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Dharitri: Hi Bhumika, congrats!

Bhumika: What on? (?)Dharitri: I heard that they elected you chair-

person of the students' union.

(Eo NuJn -E u-~Lo-o-E No.)

Bhumika: Not a thing I like very much, you

know. My friends all forced me and

my dad wanted it too.

( d E -? o d . o--o.)

Dharitri: Last time they made me chairperson

and it is now your turn.

(J o u-~-LE .p F *aC.)

turn = , by turns = KBhumika: I find the job a nuisance. It is a

crown of thorns. It's going to prove a

waste of time for me. I can't concen-trate on my studies.

( E p ud E-hC. x K. C - % uC -- -C. O vl .)

Dharitri: That's true. That was my experience

too. But for it, I could have definitely

got a better score.

(C E. .

, * \aN.)

Bhumika: I have second thoughts about it.I

feel like resigning. Shall I?

(p ---h-o. @ -C. u?)

Dharitri: Don't do that. You'll find it an advan-

tage too. It will develop leadership

qualities in you. They may designate

you president of some other com-

mittees.

( . C F E-hC. F -y ~- -C. x Eo J-Eo N-u-~L E--N a.)

designate = E--T/ E--NBhumika: By the way, how is your sister Ila

and her new born child?

(C , O \ , x h- o?)

Dharitri: They are fine. Just yesterday they

named the child Dharuni.

( o . Eo x E d.)

Bhumika: That's fine. She is so cute, and

plump. I'd like to call her dimple, as

dimples appear on her cheeks when

she smiles.

( C. l l . Ny _ Od E-h. E C )

lessons Eoverbs Cpatterns aE --o.a) verb + some body/ some thing + adjective

eg: I found the box empty.

( d S .)Pattern: found (verb) + the box (some thing) +

empty (adjective)

b) verb + some body/ some thing + pastparticiple

eg: He wanted the work done.

Pattern: wanted (verb) + the work (some

thing) + done (past participle)

p lesson --oC j patterns _j. pat-tern * adjective/ past participle , Noun . (Noun: E-j a: leader, chairman, village, etc)

eg: They declare India winner.

( N v.)Pattern: declared (verb) + India (some thing) +

winner (noun)

- pat-tern 1) verb + some-body/ something +

adjective 2) verb +

some body/ something

+ past participle)

L-TEoverbs lesson pattern: verb + somebody/something+ noun . pattern averbs u h \.Now look at the following sen-

tences from the conversation at

the beginning of the lesson:

1) ... they elected you chairperson of

the students' union.

2) ... they made me chairperson.

3) ... I find the job a nuisance.

4) You'll find it an advantage.

5) They may designate you president.

6) They named their child Dharuni.

7) I'd like to call her dimple.

8) He considers the baby a bringer of luck.

No 1): They elected you chairperson.

(Eo u-~/ u-~-L xo-o.)elected (verb) + you (somebody) + chair

person (noun)

( patterns *noun adjective/ past participle .)The board chose Dhoni Captain.

(f FE d C.)choose (-/ -) pattern a.

2) They made me a chairperson.

Make pattern hC.

b) The Coach found the players champions.

( v champions- E-g-j-x -E).found (verb)+the players (somebody) +

champions (noun)

5) Designate= NC/ uE EN/ E-T.a) They designate only the best people offi-

cers.

(hj x q E-N-h.)designate (verb) + the best people (some-

body) + officers (noun)

b) The company desig-

nated him manager.

(F N *aC.)

designate (verb) + him (some-

body) + manager (noun)

\ -E-LqC: Appoint .They appointed him secretary, - \, appointed as .

6) Name -

a) They named their child Raghav.

named (verb) + their child (somebody) +

Raghav (noun)

b) If I build a house, I will name it Ayodhya.

I will name (verb) + it (some thing) +

Ayodhya (noun)

7), 8) Call: consider pattern .

a) She called him a fool.

called (verb) + him (somebody) + a fool (noun)

b) We consider Gandhi a mahatma.

DE t J-h.consider (verb) + Gandhi (somebody) + a

mahatma (noun).

x--x--- 365

M.SURESAN

v o: 1) Iy

I

in

2) He h

.n. has b

since

--:1) I stud

years

correc

studied

ied is

comple

tence,

past/ l

The di

here fo

have b

last 2 y

verb Hstress

2) It is

sinc

(a t

v o: 1. I be

--:

EXERCISE

Practise aloud the following in English.

Preethi: ? C hFo *-- -od EhC? (find throw )

Priya: C- ap- E-*C.(see ). h- dress Eo TL*

Preethi:

Priya:

YYou'll find it an advantagou'll find it an advantag

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Nischal: I find the book quite useful. Where

did you buy it? I had been looking for

it in a number of shops.

Sankalp: I find it surprising that none of you

could see it earlier than? It had been

there all along.

(O- y Eo - au E-hC/ au L-ThC. C \ C)

Nischal: How about lending me the book for a

few days, I mean, after you are done

with it?

( h-Eo Eo Vy N/ h, , yJh-y?)

Sankalp: Why just lend? I'll present you the

book after I finish it. Have it for

keeps.

( t? h-Eo F -ah C-N y. y o-p- -a.)

for keeps= y/ for ever.Nischal: So kind of you. Thanks, but why the

generosity?

(C F %--. Thanks. F ?)

generosity=%y/ u.Karna was generous- g -.

Sankalp: You've given

me a number

of books.You've always

offered me

help even before I asked for it. So my

gifting you this book, if at all it is

worth the name of a gift is just noth-

ing.

(y o h- a. - CFp l . d F h-EoF - y, E-- N E-, l N-

.)worth= N

Nischal: Show me the book once more. I want

to read the opening para.

(J h-Eo . --E C)

Sankalp: Here you are, but I see you have no

spects on. Don't worry. I'll read you

the paragraph.

(C, F x E- F _/ F } -od .--. Para - .)

Nischal: Let me save you the trouble. I can

wait till you can send me the book.

(F pF. y h-Eo )

Sankalp: That's fine then. I'll finish it in two or

three days and give it to you. By the

way why are you so fond of books?

Bring, buy, get give, gift, lend, offer, tell present,

sing, read, order, cook, sell, pass (C)throw (N-) verbs daily con-versation (spoken English) - ? OE B l. Ox -E a. (2 patterns) n.1) I brought him a shirt

(-Eshirt a)Pattern: brought (verb) + him (somebody/

something) + a shirt (something)

2) I brought a shirt for him

(-Eshirt a)Pattern: brought (verb) + a shirt (some-

thing/ somebody) + for (preposition) + him

(somebody)

(jverbs EoF J-/ J, E- n . J C *o- , EE \verb \

.)I brought him a shirt. (\him *o- EE \ verb \ .)I brought a shirt for

him I broughthim a shirt spo-ken English \ NE-hC.

p lesson pat-tern: verb + somebody/ some-

thing + somethingl. pat-tern O conversation practice. C.

Now look at the following sen-

tences from the conversation at

the beginning of the lesson.

1. How about lending me the book?

2. I'll present you the book

3. You've given me a number of books

4. My gifting you the book is nothing

5. Show me the book once more

6. I'll read you the paragraph

7. Let me save you the t rouble

8. I can wait t ill you send me the book

9. Dad used to buy us a number of books

10. He used to tell us bed t ime stories

1. lend = -N- yCould you lend me some money?

= h s ph?lend (verb) + me (somebody) + some

money (some thing)

pattern \ verb y some-body (h) hC.sentence N a.Could you lend some money to me?

lend + some body + some thing-

3) Give give + somebody + somethingpattern hC.a) Please give me the book

b) He will give you all the information

(it *a-p v, please give itto him . C *o C verb\ C.)

4) Gift - yHe gifted his beloved a diamond necklace

( v-L v necklace- a)gifted (verb) + his

beloved (somebody) +

a diamond necklace

(something)

j *a model sentences EN verbs (underline N) Fo pattern -E.S.No. verb somebody something

5 Show me the book

6 Read you the paragraph

7 Save you the trouble

8 Send me the book

9 Buy us a number of books

10 Tell us bed time stories

6. I'll read you the paragraph =

F paragraph CN NE-h.(Read someone something = J N CN NE-)

7. Save you the trouble =

F v p-h.save = p, j dEo.j sentences from 1 to 10 E verbsEoF somebody * ax a. correct preposition Lq C.Grammatical C correct, conver-sation \ NE-C preposition Epattern v.

x--x--- 366

M.SURESAN

v o: 1. EEver

Eve

j thei

2. Idio

3. Prop

--:1. Every

above

correc

both

d- Ntheir =

) 2. Idiom

ing of t

ing no

word ineg: Th

idiom.

and sh

money

EF,of . Prove

born o

ers of

eg: All= -idio

pro

3. provide

provid

a) pro

b) pro

EXERCISE

Conversation between Nischal and Sankalp

y *a list of verbs : bring,buy, etc. vAFoverb + somebody +something pattern vAE sen-

Let me save you the trLet me save you the troubloubl

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Vipul: Who gave this news to you?

(F J-aK h?)Vinay: Don't mind who gave it to me. The point

is why you didn't tell this to me.

( p-C C-. y N p--C u.)

Vipul: Gopal sent the message to me only

yesterday. We are meeting only now.

Thought of seeing you earlier but as

mom was cooking breakfast for me I

thought I had better wait till I finished.

Hence the delay.

( h Eo . p --o. t v-d h C h-u l --o. - x u.)

Vinay: I see you don't have the papers. Why

didn't you bring them to me? That could

have provided better information to me.

(F _ T -xo. E B--? N \- *a N ?)

Vipul: Gopal denied the permission to me to

take the file out. Otherwise I would

have definitely got it for you.

(j - Bx - A y.)

Vinay: Did he show the whole file to you? Are

you sure that the

file has all the

papers?

(F- hj ? Eo T o-E F t?)

Vipul: I didn't ask it of him, and he didn't offer

it to me either.

( E , yE -.)

Vinay: We must present all this information to

the members tomorrow at the meeting.

If we don't, it is going to cause a lot of

trouble for us.( h u L. C d L-ThC./ - x s .)

Vipul: I understand all that. We have still time.

We can call Gopal and ask him to rush

the file to us.

( x. n--. C. j y E pa.)

rush= y Vinay: Ok. Call him immediately and tell him

we have no time to lose. He must pass

the file to us as soon as possible.

(. p. E. j y Oj y -E p.)

Vipul: It's done.

( h E.)

eg: I gave him the book.

gave (verb) + him (somebody- uh) + thebook (thing- h/ N)

pattern verbs pattern NE-h, *x:I gave the book to him.

gave (verb) + the book (something) + to (prepo-

sition) + him (somebody)conversation verb + somebody + somethingpattern, verb + something + preposition +

somebody o \ NE-hC. C (natural) C.Now look at the following sentences:

1) Who gave this news to you?

2) Don't mind who gave it to me.

3) Gopal sent the message to me.

4) Why didn't you bring them to me?

5) Gopal denied the permission to me.

6) I'd have definitely got it for you.

7) Did he show the file to you?

8) We must present all this information to the

members.

9) We can ask him to

rush the file to us.

10) He must pass the

file to us.

j sentences Fo verb +something + preposition + somebody

pattern -E.1) Who gave this news to you?

Gave (verb) + this news (some-

thing) + to (preposition) + you?

(somebody)

jsentence verb + somebody

+ something pattern a- a.Who gave you this news?

Gave (verb) + you (somebody) + this news?

(something)

j o sentences EoF verb +something + prep. (preposition) + some-

body pattern *,verb + somebody + something pattern aa.

2) Don't mind who gave it to me-

a) gave (verb) + it (something) + to (prep.)

+ me (somebody) =

Don't mind who gave me it.

b) gave (verb) + me (somebody) + it

(something)

(It *a-p , something, it --p pattern h ) It pattern (a) \ .

3) Gopal sent the message to me

5) Gopal denied the permission to me

a) Denied (verb) + the permission (some-

thing) + to (prep.) + me (somebody) =

Gopal denied me the permission -

b) Denied (verb) + me (somebody) + the

permission (something)

6) I'd have got it for you-

a) Got (verb) + it (something) + for (prep.) +

you (somebody) =I'd have got you it -

b) Got (verb) + you (somebody) + it (some-

thing)

(, sentence No.2 'It' *a-ppattern (a) \.)

7) Did he show the file to you?

a) Did show (verb) + the file

(something) + to (prep.) + you?

(somebody)=

b) Did he show you the file?-

Did show (verb) + you (some-

body) + the file (something)

8) We must present all this infor-

mation to the members-

a) must present (verb) + all this information

(something) + to (prep.) + the members

(somebody)=

b) We must present the members all this

information- must present (verb) + the

members (somebody) + all this informa-

tion (something)

9) We can ask him to rush the file to us =

a) to rush (infinitive) + the file (something)

+ to (prep.) + us (somebody)=

b) to rush us the file- to rush (infinitive) + us

(somebody) + the file (something)

10) He must pass the file to us-

a) must pass (verb) + the file (something)+

to (prep.) + us (somebody) =

b) He must pass us the file-

Must pass (verb) + us (somebody) + the

file (something)

tt i

x--x--- 367

M.SURESAN

v o:1. 2. \3. 4. O

o5.

Tx >

-:j p- sigi ( sig nE

vCl-

2) It happ

3) I'm bo

nothing

4) everyo

what y

5) What w

v o: 1. r4. o

5. I

6. If

I

-:E, ~-( uhThe mi

the plac

ns2. Reunio

AJ-T The sto

the sep

Sx - 3. speak

xth

Don't mind who gave it to mDon't mind who gave it to m

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Surekha: Come on; put on your clothes and

get ready. In another ten minutes we

must be at the station to see off

Bhavan.

(d-E l - . CEN-, O\ pstation L.)

Sumant: Yea. Let me first of all carry this jew-ellery up and lock it up in the safe.

Meanwhile you pack up the things to

be handed to him at the station.

(/ . Lo jB-R}, locker d F. y station E-yLqh- Lopack u.)

Surekha: Don't forget to put out the lights

upstairs. You usually do.

(j lights p Ja-.

y Ja-).Sumant: Don't worry. I won't, this time.

(-. J Jax)Surekha: Last time when I returned home I

found the lights on.

(-J AJ-aJlights -- ).

Sumant: You don't forget to turn off the gas

cylinder.

That's impor-

tant.

(gas cylinder

d yJa.)

Surekha: Hurry up then. Not much time left. I

have to bring in the chairs that are in

the varandah.

(y F, \ time . o KaEoF LB--L)

Sumant: Bhavan will be very happy that we

will be there to see him off. Let's be

at the station well before the train

comes in.

(-E O\-L-a- - -\o- h. Traina \).

Surekha: OK. Lock up the jewels and come

down. Hurry up.

(Fo d C . yF)

Sumant: OK.

English conversation - NE-J-Eopatterns J* lesson l.

Look at the following sentences from the

conversation above.

1) Put on your clothes.

2) We must be at the station to see off Bhavan.

3) L t fi t th j ll d l k it

. 1) put yon 2) see y off3) carry yup, 4) Sxput yup5) turn yoff, and6) lock up lock yup.---E phrasal verbs . N

English y-. \p phrasalverb

verb

y apreposition, adverb

d, verb n C. C practice -hC.

eg: put on- \put o nE, put on o nE C.

Put ? d/ E.

Put the book on the table =

h table O .

put on J.

Put on your clothes and start =

d-E --.expressions phrasal verbs . OE conversation correct L-T, phrasal verbs,adverbials, adverb par-

ticles grammaticalx h----\--.

1) Put on your clothes -

\put on asentence patternl : --. Put on yourclothes/ Please put on your

clothes sentences sub-ject p you.Put on your clothes =

You put on your clothes.

Please put on your clothes =

You please put on your clothes.

Put on your clothes =

O d-.sentence pattern:

a) Put (verb) + on (prep/ adverb) + your

clothes (something)

b) He took off his shirt =

shirt B-.Pattern: took (verb) + off (prep/ adverb) +

his shirt (something)2) We must be at the station to see off

Bhavan.

see off (somebody) = see (somebody) off

O\Ly. verb jverb .They saw me off at the bus stand =

Bus stand *a o .3) Carry the jewellery up =

4) Don't forget to put out the lights =

put out = D, p-

put (verb) + out (prep) + lights (something)

a) He put out all lights before going to bed =

- D-Fo ph.

puts (verb) + out (prep) + the lights (some-

thing)

b) The firemen put out the fire =

Fire department (To- -) x-p- .

Put (verb) +

out (prep) +

the fire (something)

5) Don't forget to turn off the gas

(cylinder)=

Gas cylinder d/ / Ja.turn (verb) + off (prep) + the gas

(something)

turn off = / a) He does not turn off the tap after col-

lecting water/ drawing water =

Fx do y pump/ /x -/ d-

b) Turn off the lights before going out =

--x D p.turn (verb) + off (prep) + the lights (some-

things)

6) Lock up the jewels =

d.lock (verb) + up (prep) + jewels (some-

thing)Nobody in that village locks up their

home =

v x .

lock (ve

thing)

paway, b

a, a- vN

\ Eopat \ practice

Syam:

Syam: \

Prem:

Syam:

Prem: Th

Syam: You

tha

Prem: All

sui

key

Syam: Wh

the

the

Prem: Th

Syam: You

up.Prem: Th

x--x--- 368

M.SURESAN

put out the lights .. turput out the lights .. tur n ofn of f the gaf the ga

v o: 1. Now that I am a responsible per-son.

- x

Now that

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Nirmal: What are you waiting for still? Why

don't you put your clothes on and get

ready? Can't you see the time's up?

( E- h-o y?h -E -- ? juE n ?)

Satpal: Turn the fan on please. It's quite sultry

in here.

(h u u. \ hC.)

sultry = Nirmal: Don't you hear me? I've said the time's

up. Here am I hurrying you up and you

are still talking about drying up your

body.

( pC NE- ? \ j uE y x --d-- J*x-o.)

Satpal: Cool down. I do remember we've got to

go station to see Sundar off. I've found

it out. The train is late by an hour.

(_. d Rx O\ p-E hC. -\o. j u.)

Nirmal: But we've still a lot of things to do

before that.

(F -Lq o?)

Satpal: What are they?

(N?)Nirmal: We have to pick

Nagaraj up on

the way, drop him off at his office and

proceed.

(J V \E E C xL.)

Satpal: Any thing else we've to do?

(- o -LqC?)Nirmal: Don't you know we've to take the

books back from him, pack them up

neatly and hand them over to Sundar

at the station?(E _ h- BE, EF u , - dxC-yE L- F?)

Satpal: All that won't take much time, will it? I'll

be ready in just ten minutes. Be a good

friend and send some coffee up, will

you?

( L \ j d ? CEN-x --. * o-N ? h ?)

Nirmal: Keep pouring coffee down your throat

and you won't be far off from gastric

trouble and acidity. All right. I'll have

the coffee sent up, but ask the boy to

clear the earlier coffee things off the

table. Get ready soon.

(-* h , uZv, /

y- F N h. -. F v-E p- O-* B--.)

Satpal: Thank you. I won't be more than ten

minutes.

(C EN--o \ .)

lesson English conversa-tion - NE, spoken English -yEo ( xEnglish NEx ) Lp, verb + adverbparticle (prep/ adv) pattern

asentence pat-

tern . N J-Eo l p. \.Look at the following sentences (a) and (b)

and observe the dif-

ference between the

two:

a) Come on, put on

your clothes

b) Come on, put your clothes on.

a) put (verb) + on (prep) + clothes

(something)

b) put (verb) + your clothes (some-

thing) + on (adv)

(Don't worry what name we give to a

word- prep or adverb. Just practise

and you'll be able to speak correctly.)

-E?(a)

on, your clothes

C. (b) on, your clothes yhC ? on position p o-p- n p. u-Eo-d on somebody/ something -F,-F a.Compare (a) and (b) below:

a) I will send back the books.

Pattern: will send (verb) + back (prep) + the

books (something) =

h- AJT - =

b) I will send the books back.

Pattern: will send (verb)+ the books (some-

thing) + back (adverb)

send back something/ somebody =send something/ somebody back o- .

- , preposition or adverb N d-. J u. - .

lesson , lesson N- B h .Look at the following sentences from the

conversation between Nirmal and Satpal:

OEo verb +somebody/ something

+ on/ in/ up/ back, etc.

pattern C.

OEoF last lesson pattern: verb + on/ in/ up/back, etc. + somebody/ something

pattern aa. patternsE a.1) Why don't you put your clothes on?

Do put (verb) + your clothes

(something) + on=

Why don't you put on your clothes?Do put (verb) + on + your clothes (some-

thing)

2) Turn the fan on = Turn on the fan

(verb + something + on = verb + on + some-

thing)

3) Drying your body up= Drying up your body.

(verb + something + up = verb + up + some-

thing)

4) We've t

(see (ve

= We've

(see (ve

5) We've t

We've to

(verb +

body)

6) We've tWe've to

[take (v

= take

thing)]

7) Pack th

[pack (v

pack (ve

hand (v

9) Send s

coffee

(send (verb

send (verb

10) Find th

[find (v

find (ve

C p.He hurried

He hurried

. Hpractise -C,

x--x--- 369

M.SURESAN

Why don't you put your clothes onWhy don't you put your clothes on

--: These are the sounds for the follow-ing symbols:

9. / 3:/

- 'r'

10. //

(

11. / t

(t

12. /d3

jug

13 /U

EXERCISE

Practise the following aloud in English in

both the patterns shown above:

Kinnera: He Gandharv, y --Ea. O NC?

Gandharv: N x d hC. uq Fo u da aC

ANSWER

Kinnera: You are on time. Where is your

wife?

Gandharv: She is still dressing up the chil-

dren/ dressing the children up.

I've packed up all the bags/

packed all the bags and brought

them along/ brought along them.

v o:English pronunciation C*

Eo --o. C symbols sounds - --- -./^/ /a:/ /://I/ /i:/ // /U/ /u:// 3:/ // / t / /d3/ /U/ /aU/ /e/ /b/

>., -o

8/14/2019 2 d 2007

7/13

16 -d- 2007 - j

Anupama: (You) Know something. Karuna has

offered to help me complete my

project.

( N ? vd Jh-E h-C.)

project = vd= p-T* ENirupama: Karuna, of all? I find it quite

strange. Karuna helping someone

is rather unusual.

( - ? C N E--hC? -J -.)

Anupama: I'm fortunate perhaps.

( %d.)Nirupama: True. You should think it a fortune

to get help from Karuna. But one

thing. She is very good at the sub-

ject and can see your project

through.

(E . F%-d -L. - bd . - x F vdh-u .)

Anupama: I've been feeling it very difficult to

handle the subject. I've been look-

ing for some one with whose help I

can finish it off. The last date isn't

far off too. Karuna's help is timely.

( NEohandle

d -o. JEo Jh - E -o. *J D . --E*aC.)

timely= i; timely rain= {;untimely= i; untimely death=

Nirupama: I've been putting my project off for

quite sometime now. I should

speed it up too. Otherwise my boss

may consider it a mistake to have

allotted me the project.

( vdE h-o. Eo L. vd -- --j-E-a.)

Anupama: Do carry the project through to its

end. Yours is an easy project. No

reason for you to delay it.

(Eo Jh . F-C - iv-d. --Eo ---u ----E E .)

Nirupama: Yea. You are right. I've been just

lazy. To be lazy is sweet, I feel.

(y d. l. l--.)

Anupama: So do I too, but the results are bad.

( E-hC. F L- .)

lessons 1) verb +somebody/ something + adverbial pattern,

2) verb + preposition + somebody / something

pattern verbs --o. verbs N pattern (1)

* pattern (2) , pattern (2) * pattern(1) aaE .pattern 1: Please put out the lights.

put (verb) + out (prep) + the lights (something)

pattern 2: Please put the lights out.

put (verb) + the lights (something) + out (adv)

n : -D-- p- E. verbs Spoken English - y -- - \-o , - N simple xE -u- .\ Eo \x p-E --.

lesson study verbs J-Eo j patterns O , Eoverbs,verb + it + something pattern O-oN h. pattern *osentences conversation --TE p-.Look at the following sentences

from the conversation above.

I. 1) She can see your project through.2) I can finish it off.

3) I've been putting my project off.

4) I should speed it up.

j sentences Fo verb + something/somebody + adverbial pattern -E. u N. j -x Eoexpressions h -nE, -- - - --nE - - -E-.eg: 1) See your project through: - seesomething through N/ E h-ux . \see, through n, Jh nE ?phrasal verbs, - x h.

1) See your project through.

pattern: see (verb) + your project + through (adv)

a) I want to see the building through before

I leave for the states. (dq x d Jh --o.)

b) Ramesh saw the arrangement through=

p-xFo Jh- / Jh . see through something n - n -hC.

I can see through your plans =O - -n -.

2) Finish it off. finish (verb) + it (something)+ off (adv)

Finish your work off/

finish off your work.

We can go to a

movie=

E Jh . E- xa.finish (verb) + your work +

(something) + off (adv) =

finish (verb) + off (prep) + your

work (something).

3) Put something off = Put off

something = a) My friends have put off their trip.

put (verb) + off (prep) + their trip (some-

thing)=

o v -o =My friends have put their trip off.

put (verb) + their trip (something) + off (adv)

b) Sambhu has put off his marriage =

Sambhu has put his marriage off =

- Rx -o-.4) Speed it up =

speed (verb) + it (something) + up (adv)

= speed (verb) + up (prep) + the work

(something)

It *a-p, speed it up . speedup it .

a) The gove

(v-yE -

b) Unless

can't fin

-

speed up s

II. 1) I find

2) You

from

3) I've b

the s

4) My b

sentenand consid

I find it str

pattern: f

Practise

Sambhu:

Vishnu:

Sambhu:

Vishnu:

Sambhu:

Sambhu: Y

Vishnu:

t

Sambhu:

Vishnu:

t

Sambhu: Y

x--x--- 370

M.SURESAN

My boss may consider it a mistakMy boss may consider it a mistak

v o:Imaginary forms should have -p- had been/ had + pp--L ! -NJ. -.-f, j.

--: You are right. It should have been, had been/ had+ppThe verb forms in the three situations are as follows.

Main clause verbsSituation 'If' clause verbs

Main clausewould

Situation

Improbable

If clause

were/ past doing-

}Situation

Imaginary Past/

If

habe/ 1st

8/14/2019 2 d 2007

8/13

- 18 -d 2007 - j

Sandhya: Dont you think it strange for Udaya

to behave like that towards us?

( -x N vJh F N E- ?)

Sampada: There certainly is some change in

her, and I find it rather sudden.

(*a pC, C o-d *aC).

Sandhya: I suppose it to be sudden too. But I

find it a change for the better. She

is now gentle and soft spoken

unlike in the past.

( t-h E-hC. p *- E--hC.E-p t-C E x-C).

Sampada: Yea. Most of our friends used to

consider it difficult to talk to her. She

used to be rude. Now all thats

changed.

( ox C x d -x.h - C. J--C-p.)

Sandhya: I feel it possible because of the soft-

skills workshops she has attended

in the past few weeks. The trainer

Mr.Sumukh held the workshops

and Udaya

took them

quite seri-

ously.

( Cl-- _o soft-skills workshops x - p *a---o. P~- workshops Ey, workshops vl*C.)

softskills = uh y N-E (personalitydevelopment) C* :communication skills (, h %yju/ uh-) positive attitude(/- jJ), goal setting ( uEl ), time management ( Ev), interpersonal relations (uh- ) OEoF softskills .%Ah, u-x vP B N-- u. workshop = class P~- x P~-guidance , j a lA.

Sampada: Do you really believe it to be useful

to attend such workshops?

(workshops

_- E E t-y?)

Sandhya: Depends on the trainer. Some train-

ers are really effective.

(C P~-E/ workshop EyE-d C. C trainersE Lo vN -)

effective = aLT

(C E p-E-hC. workshop attend u ~Eo -.)

Sandhya: Ive attend it once. I dont mind

attending it a second time though I

call it a bit expensive. It is Rs 3000

for a three day workshop.

( J _o. J_ u , CaE -o-p-. V workshop -)

Sampada: Of course; I understand.

Spoken English \ NE-sen-tence patterns ho. lesson patterns --.Look at the following sentences from the

conversation above.

1) Dont you think it strange for Udaya to

behave like that?

2) I find it rather sudden

3) I suppose it to be

sudden too.

4) Most of our friends

used to consider it

difficult to talk to her.

5) I feel it possible because of the

softskills workshop she has

attended.

6) Not a few deem it a fortune to be

trained by him.

sentences Eo verb yit hC ? it- pattern v . vu-i n-O-E-\.

1) Dont you think it strange for Udaya tobehave like that.

sentence pattern,Do think (verb) + it + strange (adjective) +

for Udaya... (phrase - a group of words with-

out a verb)

a) I think it my duty to inform the police of it,

Pattern: think (verb) + it + my duty (noun)

+ phrase.

pattern it y noun/ adjective +clause (a group of words with a verb)/

phrase, etc.

pattern L-T verbs:find (sentence no.2 above), suppose (sen-

tence no.3), consider (J- sen-tence no.4), feel (sentence no.5), deem

(sentence no.6)

2) Find:

a) She found it difficult to understand it.

found (verb) + it + difficult (adj) + phrase

used to consider (verb) + it + difficult (adj) +

to talk to her (infinitive/ phrase)

a) They considered it a shame to lose the

game.

(x - _ J-)considered (verb) + it + a shame (noun)

to lose the game (infinitive/ phrase)

b) He considered it an honour to be chosenleader.

(- p J--.)

considered (verb) + it

+ an honour (noun) +

to be chosen leader

(infinitive/ phrase)

5) I feel it possible because of the

softskills work shops.

feel (verb) + it + possible (adj.) +

phrase.

a) He feels it respectable to talk to

elders like that = l x -.feels (verb) + it + respectable

(adj) + infinitive/ phrase.

b) She felt it dangerous to go alone in thenight = vA J x v --- E-C.Pattern: felt (verb) + it + dangerous

(adjective) + to walk alone in the night

(infinitive/ phrase)

6) Not a few deem it a fortune to be trained

by him =

E P~ %d -x\.deem= consider= J-.Pattern: deem (verb) + it + a fortune (noun)

+ to be trained by him (phrase)

a) Every one deems it an honour to get the

title Padmasri =

vAx tX \ , - J--h/ - J--h.

b) I deem it a pleasure to invite the chief

guest up the dais =

u ACE C OC yE

Practise t

Gopi:

Ramu: E(fe

Gopi: NN

Ramu: con

Gopi: I th

Ramu: Tru

Ramu: Wh

ple

con

got

x--x--- 371

M.SURESAN

I find it rather suddenI find it rather sudden

v o:1. Only s

poisono

- Som

poiso

2. We rea

the Su

- We r

the S

3. No soo

- As so

4. What c

- What

-

---:1. Only

some

snak

2. We

set.

hom

8/14/2019 2 d 2007

9/13

-C 21 --d 2007 - j

Kantha: I never thought it would be so difficult

getting a certificate from a govern-

ment department.

(v y * Jd d E p -.)

Sabitha: What did you think- that you could get

it in a jiffy?

(--o y * a

?)in a jiffy- ~

Kantha: I knew it wouldn't be easy, but never

imagined it would be so difficult.

(C E , d E p -.)

Sabitha: I had a bitter experience too just a

month ago when I went for my caste

certificate. There was a lot of delay. I

had an argument with one of the

clerks there. It made no difference. I

then realised it was foolish arguing

with them.

( caste Jd aE Rx-p --j C. u-i C. \h C. - x J-nA . p niCx C ^yE.)

Kantha: Just no use trying to do that; you

know. Grease

there palms

and it will be

easy getting

anything done

in a govern-

ment office.

( v o x . x .j .

grease the palm = Sabitha: I got the certificate any way.

(h-E Jd ao.Kantha: What are you going to do with that?

( ---o?)

Sabitha: Why are you asking so?(- ---o?)

Kantha: It's too late girly. There's no use sub-

mitting it now. The last date was the

day before.

(pC K u a. Eo-p Gt x v-. *J-C o -C.)

girly = t E - Sabitha: That's disappointing really. So what

should I do now?

( E- C. p L?)

Kantha: Oh, I remember. With a late fee you

can submit it till this weekend.

(. p h-*aC. late fee *J- a.)

Sabitha: What's the late fee?

(late fee ?)Kantha: Rather on the high side, I'm afraid, Rs

lesson --. pattern prac-tice O conversation . (natural) C.Observe the following sentences from the

dialogue above:

1) .... it'd be so difficult getting a certificate from

a government office.

2) ... it was foolish arguing with them.

3) Just no use trying that

4) It will be easy getting anything done in a gov-

ernment office.

5) There's no use submitting it now.

1) .... it'd be difficult getting a certificate...

part of the sentence pattern l. -E-Lq N \* sentences Fo , introductory 'it'/'there' begin . (Introductory it/ thereOE NJ. - English - sentences , There/ It vGh.

vG*p there \ E F,it C E F n .eg: There are 10 students here =

\ C-CNu-n o.

It is easy to learn

English = English

a .

sentences , there, it sentence begin -. - E 'Introductory'(J- ) there/ it E ..... it'd be difficult getting a certificate.

Pattern: It + would be (be form) + dif-

ficult (adjective) + getting (... ing

form) =

d.

2) ... it was foolish arguing with them.

Pattern: It + was (be form) + foolish (adjec-

tive)+ arguing (...ing form)=

x C ^y.3) (It's) just no use trying that.

Pattern: It + is (be form)+ (just)+ (no) use

(noun) + trying (... ing form) =

C v-Ao E--.4) It will be easy getting anything from him.

Pattern: It + will be (be form) + easy (adj) +

getting (...ing form)=

C i .5) There's no use submitting it now.

Pattern: There + is (be form) + (no) use

(noun) + submitting (... ing form)

sentences Eopattern It/ there+ be from + adjective/ noun + ...ing form.

Look at the following too:

There's no use talking to a fool.

a) There + is (be form) + (no) use (noun) + talk-

ing (...ing from)

b) It's no good helping the undeserving.

It + is (be form) + (no) good (adjective) +

helping (...ing form)=

v- *C.deserve = | the deserving = | o xthe undeserving = |E x/ -v

C spoken English - NE-sen-tence pattern. Eo nouns, adjectivesv pattern .

It/ there y noun/ adjective +...ing form pattern a nouns,adjectives \. nouns,adjectives O: O -E .1. difficult (adj)

2. easy (adj)

3. foolish (adj)

4. no good (adj)

5. no use (noun) N: It + be form y + noun/ adjec-tive- j hC. F there + be form yv noun v hC.1) ap d.

It is difficult convincing him =(It + be form + adjective)

2) u reservation .It's not easy getting reservation at this late

hour.

3) \ @-E E ^y =It's foolish working for such a low salary.

4) \ * *C =It's no good waiting here any more.

no good= *C n .

5) Is it any

6) O

It's/ The

jsentenc...ing form

a. (1) ...It'd be

It'd be s2) ...It was

...it was

3) ...no use

hC.4) It will be

It will be

x--x--- 372

M.SURESAN

TherThere's no use submitting it nowe's no use submitting it nowv o: 1.O

Eoadj

de

Mo

da

op

2.

3.

---:

Tea

Tea

opp

dau

opp

2. EXERCISE ANSWER

8/14/2019 2 d 2007

10/13

- 24 --d 2007 - j

Dr. Sita: Please avoid taking coffee so often.

It affects your health.

(Eo-x . OuEo sBhC.)

Rao: I want to give up taking it too. I'll try from

today, not suddenly, but gradually.

( - --o, V* v-Aoh. t , v-v

.)gradually = vuM = v-v

Dr. Sita: First, stop taking coffee after

6 O' clock in the evening. That

sends you to sleep early.

( v 6 y u. C O y Ev-dhC.)

Rao: But I enjoy watching late night shows on

the TV.

( O l y

a v-z- .)Dr. Sita: You'd better finish watching the TVand go to bed before 10 or 10.30.

That makes for good health.

(vA C, C-o- O Jh--E Ev-. u-E *C.)

Rao: My other problem is I can't get up earlier

than 7 in the morning.

( u l .)

Dr. Sita: Start taking

much less cof-

fee than you donow. That'll

solve all your

problems.

(p-j \ B-d. C O uEoFBhC.)

Rao: I remember my dad in my childhood say-

ing so too - that coffee affects sleep, and

when sleep is affected, health in general

is affected too.

( *o- o p

hC. Ev hF, E-xu -E.)

Dr. Sita: That's right. I consider giving up cof-

fee altogether. But as you said, I'd

advise you to do it gradually.

(C d. Jh h E -o. O-ox Eo v-v- -.)

Rao: Thank you. Shall I make a move now? It's

already 10.30 perhaps time for you to go

to bed.

( x J? p- 10.30uC. O Ev- --?)

Dr. Sita: Don't risk going back to your village

so late in the night. You can sleep

here for tonight and start early in the

morning. My brother is here to give

you company?

( vA x -.

gesture= a n c/ j.\ n j -- *o Accompany E \ -J L-x

Spoken English verbs ynounF... ing form F hC. Infinitive (to + 1st

RDW) . verbs EoE p---o.Look at the following sentences from the

dialogue above.

1) Please avoid taking coffee so often.

2) Stop taking coffee in the evening after 6 O'

clock.

3) You'd better finish watching the TV.

4) Start taking much less coffee.

5) I remember my dad saying so too.

6) I consider giving up coffee altogether.

7) Don't risk going back to your village so late

in the night.

jsentences Eoxverb y '...ing' form -E. '...ing' form Eoverbs y nouna. Infinitive v. \J infinitive*a n C.

Study the following.

1) Avoid = - \- = j - .

a) We should avoid talking bad about

others =

J* xL.avoid talking = avoid + ... ing form

b) Avoid watching TV during exams(K-~x O -l.)avoid watching = avoid + ... ing form

avoid y noun a.c) Let's avoid this road. It's narrow =

C-l. C .avoid + (this) road (noun)

d) I avoid rice at night. I take only chapathis =

vA . B B-.avoid + rice (noun)

e) As far as possible he avoids autos. He

goes by the city bus =Oj x x. - -.avoids + autos (noun)

2) Stop = stop ynoun F/ ing form FhC.

a) Stop talking = x .stop + talking (....ing form)

b) They have stopped coming here =

a) n x .b) n xE (J,etc.) [stop y, ... ing/ noun , stopyinfinitive n C. ]

3) Finish = a) Let him finish his speech- speech E TFfinish + his speech (noun)

b) He has just finished eating and is washing

his hands.(p A T* -\-o.)finished + eating (...ing form)

Finish y infinitive.4) Start = DE y

...ing form, noun,

infinitive

, n . (n , vG)

a) Gopal started to tell me (infinitive)

a story.

= Gopal started telling me a story.

= Gopal started a story. (noun)

b) Sumanth started to argue (infinitive) with

me..

started an argument (noun) with me

started arguing (..ing form) with me

= C vG.5) Remember = h .

Remember y noun/... ing formhC. Infinitive hC. F n hC.

a) I remember the name very well =

hC.[remember + the name (noun)]

b) I remember seeing you somewhere =

Eo-\ x hhC .remember + seeing (...ing form)

c) Please remember to send me the book =

h h-.[Remember + to send (...infinitive)]

7) Risk =

a) Sita can

er. She

L-h[risk + g

b) The her

risked +

consider, r

form F nsider, risk infinitive hC. R373

M.SURESAN

Please avoid taking cofPlease avoid taking cof fee so oftefee so oftev o: 1)

scho

\!2)sch

uouNu-uL\3) duty

comcom

--:

x-x--

8/14/2019 2 d 2007

11/13

-v 26 -d- 2007 - j

Visisht: Hi Dheeraj, where do I see you going

every morning this way?

(vA y\ E-h-N-j?)

Dheeraj: Don't you know I practise swimming

everyday. I like swimming very much.

(W practice h- o. L- F? d)

Visisht: Mind teaching me swimming too?

( Jp-h?/ JpFo u?)

Dheeraj: I'd love to. Let's start tomorrow itself.

( d. vGl)Visisht: I am a bit afraid.

( h C.)Dheeraj: Keep fearing and you will never learn

anything.

( a yD a )

Visisht: Somehow still waters scare me.(- Ea o Fx / Ea o Fx L-Th.)

scare= -dDheeraj: I will teach you at the swimming pool.

It's quite safe.

(Fo swimming pool p. C~.)

Visisht: Where else do

you go to swim

every day?

(-F- -\ --E?)

Dheeraj: I go to the river to swim. I find the

waters more refreshing. Time that I

left for the river. You will excuse my

going away now.

( C . C Fx \ x h. p- C } u- -C. -o,-- ?)

Visisht: I can't help envying you. You are such

an excellent swimmer.

(Eo {u- . * N y)

Dheeraj: I hate, not swimming even for a day.

If I miss the swimming even for a day

I feel out of sorts.

( V d. V x *C )

Visisht: OK then. I can't wait any longer. I will

accompany you from tomorrow.

( . v . * F h.)

Dheeraj: I'm afraid you are more a talker than

doer. I am not very sure that you'll

come tomorrow. You keep postpon-

ing things.

(y JF N E -. yh- E lt . y hp.)

Visisht: Why do you say so?

( --o?)Dheeraj: My experience of you is that you find

some excuse or the other not to do

something.

(Eo J* N E-- -C F)

Visisht: I'll prove you wrong tomorrow.

(y pE V h)Dheeraj: OK. Let me

hope so.

( P-ho)

C- - lessons --oC:

1) Eo verbs y, noun Fing form F v h-E (infini-tive ),

2) Eo verbs y noun/ ingform/ infinitive h-E,

3) Eo verbs y noun/ ing form

ap a nE, verbs y ...infini-tive ap a nE E.

lesson J-Eo verbs, with noun/...ing forms --.Look at the following sentences from the

conversation above.

1) I practise swimming

2) Mind teaching me swimming?

(Mind= Would you mind)

3) Keep fearing and you'll never learn anything

4) You'll excuse my going now

5) I can't help envying you

j sentences EoF -E verbs y ing form . x, -ingform noun a.1) Practise- u

a) She practises singing every morning

= vAW u-hCpractise + singing (...ing form)- DE ynoun a.

b) Sunil wants to practise fluit=

E fluit a----o.practise + fluit (fluit -

noun). Practise

yinfinitive .

2) Mind = u / ~. DE y infinitive.a) If you do the work properly, I

don't mind paying you more=

y E J_ h, F\ s y--E u.

don't mind + paying (...ing form)b) People don't mind taxes if they are within

limits = J-N-A ox v u .don't mind + taxes (noun)

c) The teacher doesn't mind an extra class if

it is before 4 =

4 -, teacher class B-E u .

does

v3) Keep fe

keep =

a) In sp

eatin

Doct

n

keepb) The

he ke

keep

keep

-

I can't h

= F Ocan't he

a) She

in the

can't

b) MuraHyde

= coul

DE -E

374

Mind teaching me swimmingMind teaching me swimming

x-x--

v o:i) Future continuous tense

voice? mango will bebeing eaten by mepassivevoice be and being verbs- a? perfectparticiple having beatenE. HavingEo per-fect tense, lxperfect participle (having

t ) T

Having taken his food, he went to

bed.

( y Ev--.)Having walked the whole dis-

tance he is tired. ( *- x -.)perfect participle j N.He was very happy to have got a

chance to help her. (

-: In time - --E h-, - -.

On time = --E *a.a) He was in time for the function =

- - / h

He was killed by the Maoists =

N-d - --f( - NdEo- )He was killed in an accident =

v- --( -f)

2) After all = -.a) After all, it is how much you

study that matters not how

M.SURESAN

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-C- 28 -d 2007 - j--

Damodar: Doctors strongly advise walking

and jogging. That's OK. They do

keep us fit. But do they help slim-

ming?

(--E, t-C -h-E doc-tors d h. C. N Lo _ xh. , E

-- h o--- -?)Subhakar: They certainly do. But doctors also

recommend avoiding fatty foods.

Your doctor has told you that.

Remember.

(*a N o--d h. y \ o n C--E -h. F doctor p-CF. h.)

Damodar: The trouble, however is, people

like eating fatty foods as they aretasty and tempting.

( *\x N *, -J-h d E A-E d.)

tempting = J{/ J L-T.Subhakar: Isn't that where we should need to

be careful? We should have a lot of

self control.

(\ v- h L?

-O -L.)

Damodar: I have been doing that for the past

two months, but I haven't lost much

weight.

( Fo h-o, _.)

Subhakar: But you haven't been all that strict

about diet. Not always have you

gone without fatty foods. I do see

you still enjoying poori, butter non,

potato stuff and all that.

(A N *a y. y \ -Eo C----.Ny K, , butternon \ A ho.)

Damodar: I admit eating them but not as often

as you seen to think.

(N A-o-E p-, Fy- v .)

Subhakar: But not rarely either. Can you

defend eating 2 varieties of ghee

sweets just yesterday? A large cup

of icecream too.

( - . Eo-Eo A N-, l cup icecreamA -Jn-?)

Damodar: You know I avoid a second helping

(C. A N- K -E-h-o.)

Subhakar: Cut down your eating you'll

become slim.

(A T_. o--.)

Eo lessons verbs followed only by

the '...ing' form or by the noun and not by theinfinitive. ing forms/ nouns averbs J* --o. J-Eoverbs p l.Look at the following sentences from the

conversation above.

1) Doctors strongly advise walking and jogging.

2) But doctors also recommend avoiding fatty

foods.

3) People like eating fatty foods.

4) I admit eating them.

5) Can you defend eating two varieties of ghee

sweets?

-E j verbs y '...ing' form . Like, advise y v,'...ing' v ,noun/ infinitive hC.

Let's have another

look at them:

1) Advise ( , y).a) My father advises waking up

early = y Ev- *E o h.

b) We advise starting early to

avoid the risk of missing the

train = - ---E . - x train p-

v . DE y, advise y noun/infinitive a. infinitive-p JE advise D L--h.a) The doctor has advised milk for the sick-

ly child = s o Gf tEdoctor a.has advised (verb) + milk (noun)

b) The doctor has advised the mother to

give milk to the boy= x tE Lxdoctor a.has advised (verb) + the mother (

J-*aC)+ to give (infinitive)

c) He has advised me to take rest =

has advised (verb) + me (J *aD) + to take (infinitive)

2) Doctors also recommend avoiding fatty

foods.

recommend (verb) + avoiding (...ing form)

a) The manager recommended taking her

for the job = u- E-N-

3) People like eating fatty foods.

like (verb) + eating (... ing form)

I like walking long distances =

d.like (verb) + walking (...ing form). , p-x, like y noun hC,infinitive hC.a) She likes cooking = -d.

( d-C.)likes (verb) + cooking (...ing form)b) I like the mango a lot = N-

d / d.like (verb) + the mango

(noun)

c) He likes to act tragic

roles =

N v d--/ N v d.likes (verb) + to act (infinitive)

4) I admit eating them =

N Aox p-.admit= j (u -E)x p-.

admit (verb) + eating (...ing)a) She admitted ill treating her step son =

A - J_ E- p-C.

admitted (verb) + ill treating (...ing form)

ill treat = J - .

The

P.A.

M.L.A

/K ladmit +

hC.b) He a

u adm

form

commit

commit

a murd

c) She

5) defend

Can yo

Fo A(C defend

a) Teac

= N.defe

b) Nonedefe

c) He d

defe

375

I like walking long distanceI like walking long distance

x-x--

M.SURESAN

EXERCISE

Practise the following aloud in English.

Aswini: y a ()

? (avoid )Nivas: y coffee B- .

cigarette h (stop, give up)

Aswini: Doctors y coffee B--E h ? doctor d J-n-x a (recommend )

Asw

Niva

Asw

Niva

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