Christianity A Journey from Facts to Fiction - Al Islam · Christhumatham : Yadharthyathil Ninnu...

InkvXp-aXw : bmYm¿∞y-Øn¬ \n∂vsI´p-I-Y-bn-te°v

lZvdØv an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv

hnh: G.- Fw. apl-ΩZv keow

Christhumatham : Yadharthyathil Ninnu KettukadhayilekkuMalayalam Translation ofChristianity : A Journey from Facts to Fiction

Author :Hadhrath Mirza Tahir Ahmad.

Translator.Muhammed Salim. A.M.

Type Setting:Victory creations, Calicut.

Printed:Geethanjali offset Printers, Calicut.

Cover DesignAnas Manantheri.

Published by :Islam International publicationAhmadiyya Muslim Jamath, KeralaG.H. Road, Calicut, Kerala.Phone: 0495 5520733First Edition. Feb. 2006.

Price : 60


lZvdØv an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv

hnh: G.- Fw. apl-ΩZv keow

Ckvemw C‚¿\m-j-W¬ ]ªn-t°-j≥kv

AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-AØv

Pn. F®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°mSv

Cu ]pkvX-I-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈

\nß-fpsS A`n-]m-b-ßƒ Adn-bn-°pI

Ckvemw C‚¿\m-j-W¬ ]ªn-t°-j≥kvAlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-AØv

Pn. F®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°mSv ˛ 1.t^m¨: 0495 ˛ 5520733


sk‚v _\-UnIv‰v tdmUv,

Fd-Wm-Ipfw t\m¿Øv, sIm®n.


Ah-Xm-cnI

"InkvXp-aXw: bmYm¿∞y-Øn¬ \n∂v sI´p-I-Y-bn-te°v'

F∂ Cu ]pkvXIw AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-A-Øns‚ \memw

Jeo^ lZvdØv an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZ v (d -lv) Fgp -Xnb

Christianity: A Journey from Facts to Fiction F∂ ]pkvX-I-

Øns‚ ]cn--`m-j-bmWv. Bflo-bhpw ùXn-I-hp--amb A]m-c-amb

⁄m\-Øm¬ A\p-Kr-lo-X-\pw AXp-ey-\pamb Hcp ]Xn-`m-im-en-

bm-bn-cp-∂p lZvdØv an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv (d-lv).

a\p-jys‚ A\p-`-h-bm-Ym¿∞y-ßƒ°pw bp‡n°pw hncp-≤-

amb Imcy-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂ aX-Øn¬ \n∂pw Nn¥m-ioe-cmb

a\p-jy¿ ItaW AI-ep∂p F∂Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. ]tXy-In®v

bphm-°ƒ \n¿aX-hm-Zn-Ifpw ssZh-\n-tj-[n-I-fp-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.

CkvemaS°w F√m aX-ßƒ°pw CXv _m[-I-am-Wv. F√m aX-

ßƒ°pw CØ-c-Øn-ep-ff Po¿Æ-X-Iƒ _m[n-®n-´p≠v F∂Xv Hcp

bmYm¿∞y-am-Wv. Cu KŸ-Øn¬ InkvXp-aX kn≤m-¥ßsf-bmWv

KŸ-Im-c≥ hni-I-e\ hnt[-b-am-°p-∂-Xv.

temI-Ønse ]_-e-ß-fmb aq∂v aX-ßƒ AXm-bXv blqZ,

ssIkvX-h, Ckvemw aX-ßƒ InkvXp -hns\ kw_-‘n®v

hyXykvX ho£-W-ßƒ ]pe¿Øp-∂-h-cm-Wv. blq-Z¿°v ako-lm-

bn-´mWv AYhm anin-lm-bm-bn-´mWv Xm≥ Ah-X-cn-®-sX-∂m-bn-cp∂p

InkvXp-hns‚ hmZw. ]¥≠v tKmX-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p blqZ kap-Zm-

bw. Cu ]¥≠v tKmX-ß-fn¬ tbip-hns‚ ImeØv ê-kvXo-

\n¬ c≠v tKmX-ßƒ amXta D≠m-bn-cp-∂pf-fp. _m°n ]Øv

tKmX-ßfpw ]hm-kn-I-fmbn hnZq-c-Zn-°p-I-fn¬ NnXdn ]m¿Øp Ign-

bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p F∂-Xv ss__nfpw Ncn-Xhpw km£yw hln-°p∂

Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. ssZhnI B⁄-bm¬ tbip Xs‚ ZuXyw

]t_m-[\w sNbvX-t∏mƒ ê-kvXo-\nse blq-Zn-Iƒ At±-lsØ

hymP-\m-°n. hymP-\m-sW∂v hcpØn Øo¿°m≥ Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-I-

fn¬ I≈-]-hm-N-I-∑m¿°v \¬I-s∏-Sp∂ Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-in£ tbip-

hn¬ hn[n-°p-hm≥ \ymbm-[n -]s\ Ah¿ \n¿_-‘n-°p-Ibpw

Iqin°m≥ ian-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. InkvXp-hns\ Ipcn-i-n¬ Xd-

s®-¶nepw lo\-amb Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw ssZhw At±-lsØ

c£n-®p. Ipcnip kw`-h-Øn-\p-tijw "Ckm-bo¬ Krl-Ønse

ImWmsX t]mb BSp-I-fpsS ASp-°-te-°-√msX Rm≥ Ab-°-

s∏-ń-ń-√'. F∂ tbip-hns‚ ZuXy-]-Jym-]\w ]q¿Øo-I-cn°m≥

At±lw Ing-°≥ tZi-ß-fn¬ hkn-®n-cp∂ ]Øv tKmX-ßsf

tXSn ê-kvXo\p ]pdØv k©-cn°pI-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. kndn-b,

Cdm≥, A^vKm-\n -ÿm≥, C¥y F∂o cmPy-ß-fn¬ NnXdn

]m¿Øp Ign-™n-cp∂ Ck-tb¬ tKmX-ßƒ°n-S-bn-te-°mWv

At±lw ]n∂oSv Znhy-Zu-Xy-hp-ambn t]mb-Xv. A^vKm-\n-ÿm-\n-

epw, Imivao-cn-ep-ap-≈ C∂sØ \nhm-kn-Iƒ ]pcm-X-\- blq-Z-tKm-

X-Øn¬ s]´-h-cm-sW-∂v, A\n-tj-[y-amb Ncn-X-bp-‡n-tbmsS

AlvaZnøm ]ÿm-\ ÿm]-I-cmb lZvdØv AlvaZv (A) Xs‚

"akolv lnµp-ÿm≥sa' F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ sXfnbn®n-´p-s≠∂

Imcyw ChnsS kvacn-°p-∂p. ]n∂oSv Cu kXysØ ]e Ncn-X-

Im-c -∑mcpw \c-hwi imkvX⁄-∑mcpw ÿnco-I-cn -®n -´p -≠v.

Ct∏mgpw AXv kw_-‘-amb Kth-j-W-ßƒ kPo-h-ambn XpS-cp-

∂p.

]m]n-I-fmb a\p-jy-cm-insb c£n-°m≥ ssZhw kz¥w

]pX-\mb tbip-hns\ Ab-°p-Ibpw ]m]-Øn\p ]cn-lm-c-am-bn-

s°m≠v Ipcn-in¬ _en-bm-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂mWv InkvXob

hnizm-kw. ssZh-Øns‚ Cu Ipcn-ip-a-c-W-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-

h¿s°√mw InkvXp-aXw ]m]-hn-tam-N\w hmKvZm\w sNøp-∂p.

Cu ]m]--tam-N-\-kn-≤m¥w ss__n-fnen-√m-ØXpw tbip ]t_m-

[n-°m-ØXpw a\p-jy-bp-‡n°v \nc-°m-ØXp--am-Wv. InkvXp-a-X-

Ønse ssZh-k-¶ev]w, tbip-hns‚ ]pXXzw, ]m]-]-cn-lm-c-kn-

≤m¥w, BIm-im-tcm-lWw, F∂o hn-jb-ßƒ AXn-kq-£va-hpw,

\nin-X-hp-amb coXn-bn¬ kq£va-ambn hni-I-e\w sNbvXpsIm≠v

AXnse bp‡n-cm-lnXyhpw ]am-W-ssh-cp-≤y-ßfpw Cu ]pkvX-

I-Øn¬ Xpd-∂p-Im-´p-∂p.

hn-ip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚ ho£-W-tIm-Wn-emWv AlvaZn -Iƒ

tbip-hns\ t\m°n-°m-Wp-∂-Xv. _\o Ckm-tb¬ kap-Zm-b-Øn¬

tamk-kns‚ \ymb-]-am-WsØ \nh¿Øn-∏m≥ tamk- n\v tijw

Bbn-c-Øn-\m-∂qdv h¿j-ßƒ Ign™v BK-X-\mb tbip _\o

Ckm-tb¬ kap-Zm-b-Øn-te°v amXw Ab-°-s∏´ ako-lm-bn-cp-

∂p. ]e-kvXo-\nse blq-Zn-I-fn¬ _lp-`q-cn-]-£-hpw, At±-lsØ

\ncm-I-cn -°p-Ibpw Ipcn -in¬ Xd®v sIm√m≥ ian -°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Ipcn-in¬

At±lw acn-®nń-√. F∂m¬ t_m[-c-ln-X-\m-hp-I-bmWv sNbvX-

Xv. Ipcniv kw`hØn\v tijw a‰p Ckm-tb¬ tKmX-ßƒ A[n-

h-kn-®n-cp∂ Ing°-≥ ]tZ-i-tØ°v At±lw hcn-Ibpw C¥y-

bnse D∂X q]-tZ-ihpw Pem-i-b-k-º-∂-hp-amb Iivao-cn¬ sh®v

alm-\mb B ]hm-N-I≥ Znh-w-K-X-\m-hp-I-bp-am-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.

hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ 23:51 mw hN-\-Øn¬ C°mcyw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

Iivao-cnse io\-K-dn¬ ""bqkv Bk^v'' F∂ Znhys‚ t]cn¬

Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ I_¿ tbip-hns‚XmsW∂v AlvaZn-Iƒ hniz-kn-

°p-Ibpw Ncn-X-]-WvUn-X-∑m-tcbpw hnizmkn kaq-l-tØbpw

C°m-cy-Øn¬ Kth-jWw \S-Øm≥ Ah¿ Blzm\w sNøp-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p.

KŸ-Im-c≥ InkvXp-aX kn≤m-¥-ßƒs°-Xnsc shdp-

samcp hna¿i-\-]-T\w \S-Øp-I-b√ sNbvX-Xv. ssZh-Zq-X-\mb Pok-

ns\°pdn®v, ss__n-fn¬ ]d™ bYm¿∞ A≤ym-]-\-ßƒ

Is≠-Øp-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv. blq-Zn-Iƒ°v ssZhw hmKvZm\w

sNbvX aninlm Bb tbip-hns\ C∂pw blq-Zn-Iƒ hniz-kn-®n-

´n-√. ]Icw \nµy-amb coXn-bn¬ `¬’n-°p-I-bmWv sNøp-∂-Xv.

blq -Z -a -X -ÿ¿ tbip -hns\ hniz -kn -°m\pw AXp -t]mse

ss__nfn¬ ]h-N-\-cq-]-Øn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏´ kXy-Øns‚

Bflmhv Imcy-ÿ≥ (]mdIeo-Øv), tamkkv ]d™ ktlm-Z-c-

∑m¿°n-S-bn¬ \n∂p≈ Fs∂-t∏m-se-bp≈ ]hm-N-I≥, ]mdm≥

(A-td-_y-bn-se) ]¿∆-X-Øn¬ shfn-s∏-Sp∂ ssZhn-I-]-Im-iw,

XpS-ßnb t]cp-I-fn¬ ]d-b-s∏´ aX-]p-cp-j≥ apl-ΩZv \_n(-k)

BsW∂pw blqZ ssIkvXh hnizm-kn-Iƒ B alm-flm-hns\

Xncn-®-dn-b-W-sa∂pamWv KŸ-Im-c≥ \¬Ip∂ ktµiw. temI-

Ønse F√m aX-ßfpw ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂p-≈-XmWv. Hmtcm aX-

K-Ÿ-ß-fnepw ]n¬ImeØv Ah-X-cn-t°≠ aX-]p-cp-j-∑m-sc-∏‰n

]h-N-\-ap-≠v. Cßs\ ]n¬°me aX-]p-cp-j-∑m-sc-°qSn Xncn-®-

dn™v hniz-kn-s®-¶n¬ amXsa kz¥w aX-hn-izm-kw ]q¿Æ-amhq.

CØc-Øn¬ ]n¬°m-esØ ssZh-\n-bp-‡sc IqSn Xncn-®-dn-b-

emWv hnizmkn kaq-l-Øns‚ _m[y-X-sb-∂p-amWv KŸ-Im-c≥

kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

F√m aX-Ønepw Ah-km-\-Im-eØv hcp-sa∂v hmKvZm\w

sNø-s∏´ Hcp ]cn-jvI¿Øm-hn-t\bpw \mw Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠-Xm-Wv.

a\p-jy-k-aqlw H∂mbnØo¿∂ C°m-eØv Hmtcm aX-ÿ¿°pw

]tXyIw ]tXyIw ssZh-\n-bp-‡-cmb ]cn-jvI¿Øm-°ƒ hcp-

sa-∂√ Cu ]h-N-\-ß-fpsS A¿∞w. F√m aX-K-Ÿ-ß-fnepw

]Xn-]m-Zn® B hmKvZØ temtIm-≤m-c-I≥ Hcm-fmsW∂pw At±-

lsØ bYm-Imew ssZhw \ntbm-Kn--®n-´ps≠∂p-amWv AlvaZn-I-

fpsS hmZw. B alm-flm-hmWv lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv

JmZn-bm-\n(-A). B alm-flm-hn-t\bpw aX-hn-izm-kn-Iƒ Xncn-®-

dn-tb-≠Xp≠v.

hfsc hnt⁄-b-amb Cu KŸw cNn® Jeo^Øp¬

akolv \mem-as‚ Bibw hmb-\-°m-cn¬ FØp-am-dm-Is´ F∂v

]m¿∞n-°p∂p. B alm-flmhn\v A√mlp ta¬°p-ta¬ ]Xn-

êw \¬Ip-am-dm-I-s´.

Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ ]cn-`mj \n¿∆-ln-®Xv kXy-Zq-X≥

]Xm-[n-]¿ G.-Fw. apl-ΩZv keow kmln_v Ah¿I-fm-Wv. Xs‚

]Xm-[n-]¿ F∂ \ne-°p-ff IrXy-\n¿∆-l-W-Øn\pw a‰p tPmen-

°m¿°pw ]pdsa kabw Is≠Øn CØ-c-Øn¬ a[p-c-amb `mj-

bn¬ ]cn-`mj \n¿∆-ln® At±-lsØ FX A`n-\-µn-®mepw aXn-

bm-hn-√. CtX KŸ-I¿Øm-hns‚ Murder in the name of AllahF∂ ]pkvX-Ihpw t\m_¬ kΩm\ tPXmhv tUm. A_vZp- emw

kmln-_ns‚ Science in Islamic Common Wealth F∂ ]pkvX-

Ihpw tUm. kmte apl-ΩZv Aem-Uns‚ Lunar - Solar Eclipses:Sign of Imam Mahdi F∂ ]pkvX-Ihpw At±lw ]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-

Øn-bn-´p-≠v. A√mlp At±-l-Øn\v Cl-]-c-Øn¬ X°-Xmb ]Xn-

êw \¬I-s´. Cu ]cn-`mj dnhyp sNbvX dnhyp IΩn‰n ]kn-

U≠v sI.-hn. Cuk-t°mb kmln-_n-t\bpw saº¿am-cmb ]n.-

Fw. AlvaZv l ≥ kmln-_v, sI.-hn. l ≥ tImb kmln_v

F∂n-h-cpw A`n-\µ\w A¿ln°p-∂p. A√mlp Ah¿°pw aXn-

bmb ]Xn-êw \¬Ip-am-dm-I-s´.

ssZhw F√m aX-hn-izm-kn-I-tfbpw A‘-Im-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw

]Im-i-Øn-te°v \bn-°p-am-dm-Is´ F∂ ]m¿∞-\-tbmsS Cu

KŸw hmb-\-°m¿°v ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.

˛ G.-]n. Ip™map

Aao¿, AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-AØv, tImgn-t°mSv, tkm¨

Pn.-F-®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°mSv

hnh¿ØI°pdn∏v

lo\-amb `¿’-\-ßfpw, `o`-’-amb ]oU\-ßfpw AXn-I-

T n -\ -amb ]co -£-W-ß-fpw , A`n -ap -Jo -I -c n® ssZh-Øns‚

D÷zetX-P-kzn-bmb Hcp t]jn-X-\m-bn-cp∂p tbipInkvXp. PqX

ssIkvXh Ckvemw F∂o aq∂p alm-a-X-ßsf _‘n-∏n-°p∂

Hcp IÆn-Iq-Sn-bmWv alm-\mb tbip. Cu aq∂v aX-ßfpw ]c-

kv]-c-hn-cp-≤-ß-fmb aq∂v ho£-W-tIm-Wp-I-fn-eqsS At±-lsØ

t\m°n-°m-Wp∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ tbip-InkvXp aX-kw-hm-

Z-ß-fpsS tIµ-_n-µp-hm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibm-Wv. At±-l-Øns‚ Pohn-

Xhpw PohnX k-tµ-ihpw aX-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS AXoh i≤-b¿ln-

°p∂ hnj-b-ß-fmbn amdp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AXn-t-\°m-fp-]cn

bpKm-¥y-kw-`-h-ß-fpsS apt∂m-Sn-bmbn Ah-km-\-Im-eØv BIm-

i-Øp-\n∂pw Cd-ßn-h-tc≠ aX-]p-cp-j\pw At±lw Xs∂!! AXm-

bXv ssIkvXh Ckvemw aX-ß-fnse Ah-km-\-Im-eØv kw`-

hn-°p∂ ssZh-t]m-‡-ß-fmb hnP-b-ß-fp-tSbpw hos≠-Sp-∏n-

t‚bpw hntam-N-\-Øn-t‚bpw Htc-sbmcp ]Xo-£ tbip-hns‚

c≠mw hc-hn-em-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v ssI-kvXh Ckvemw aX-ß-fnse

tImSn-°-W-°n\v hnizm-kn-Iƒ B hmKvZØ aX-]p-cp-j≥ BIm-

iØv \n∂pw Ahtcmln-bm-hp-∂Xv ImWm≥ ]Xo-£m-\n¿`-c-cmbn

BImi hnP-\-X-bnte°v t\m°n∏m¿Øp Ign-bp-∂p. Aßs\

tbip \ΩpsS ImesØ B≤ym-flnI kmaq-ly-]-iv\-ß-fp-ambn

_‘-s∏´ aX-]p-cp-j\pw kPo-h-am-sbmcp N¿®mhnj-b-hp-am-bn-

Øo-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ t]cn¬ hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ BIm-i-hm-

khpw c≠m-bncw sIm√sØ Nnc-RvPo-hn-Xzhpw a‰p-]e Aam-\p-

jn-IX-Ifpw \ΩpsS N¿®°v hnt[-b-am-Ip-∂-Xns‚ ]›m-Ø-e-an-

Xm-Wv.

\n¿`m-Ky-I-c-sa∂v ]d-bs´; InkvXp-a-X-Ønse InkvXp

G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ CXn-lm-k-h-Xv°-cn-°-s∏´ Hcp aX-]p-cp-j-\mWv

Gsd-°psd apkvenw `qcn-]£ hnizm-khpw A]-Imcw Xs∂.

ssZh-im-kvX-Øns‚ Abp‡n-I-Xbpw Ncn-X-]-c-X-bpsS k∂n-

KvZ-Xbpw InkvXp-a -X-Ønse tbip-hns\ bp‡n-t_m-[-ap≈

Hcmƒ°v ]m]n-°m≥ Ign-bmØ Hcp CXn-lmk IYm-]m-X-am-°n-

bn-cn-°p∂p. kz¿§-Øn¬ \n∂pw hne-°-s∏´ I\n `£n®v ]m]n-I-

fmbn ]dp-Zok \jvSs∏´v `qan-bn¬ ]Xn® BZw Zº-Xn-I-fn¬

\n∂pw AXm-cw-`n-°p∂p. ]m]w BZwZº-Xn-am-cn-sem-Xp-ßn-bn-√.

Ah-cpsS k¥-Xn-I-fn-te°pw k¥-Xn-]-c-º-c-I-fn-te°pw ]m]w

A\p-kyp-X-ambn kwI-an-®p. Aßs\ ]m]n-I-fm-bn-Øo¿∂ BZw

k¥-Xn-Isf in£n-°m≥ ssZh-Øns‚ ImcpWyw A\p-h-Zn-®n√.

]m]n-Isf in£n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv ssZh-\o-Xn°v \nc-°p-∂-Xp-a-√.

Cu hnj-a-]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ ssZhw Bhn-jvI-cn® ]≤-Xn-

bmWv Xs‚ GI-Pm-X-\mb ]pXs\ `qan-bn-te°-b®v ]m]-Øn-

\p-]-Icw Ipcn-in¬ acn®v ]m]n-Isf hos≠-Sp-°pI F∂Xv. Cu

ssZhnI ]≤-Xn-bpsS `mK-ambn c≠m-bncw h¿jw apºv InkvXp

`qan -bn¬ hcn-Ibpw a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ ]m]-]-cn -lm-cm¿∞w

IpcnivacWw hcn-°p-I-bpw sNbvXp. aq∂mw-Zn-hkw Dbn¿sØ-gp-

t∂-‰ InkvXp ]n∂oSv kz¿§m-tcm-lWw \S-Øn ]nXm-hmb ssZh-

Øns‚ heXv `mKØv D]-hn-jvS-\mbn, ssZhn-I-amb temI-`-c-Ww

\S-Øn-h-cp∂p. Ah-km-\-\m-fn¬ ho≠pw `qan-bn-te°v At±lw

Cdßn hcpw. CXn¬ hniz-kn-°p∂ ]m]n-I-fmb F√m a\p-jy¿°pw

tam£-ap-s≠∂v InkvXy≥ ap‡n-imkvXw ]d-bp-∂p. aX-temIw

s]mXpth hniz-kn-°p∂ Bfl-kw-kvI-c-Wm-fl-I-Xbnepw I¿Ω-

Wy-X-bn-ep-a-[n-jvTn-X-amb ap‡n-am¿§-Øn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvXamb

hnNn-Xhpw bm¥nIhpamb Hcp ap‡n am¿§-am-Wn-Xv.

as‰mcp hkvXpX bp‡n-bp-tSbpw A°m-Z-ao-b-amb At\z-

j-Wßfp-tSbpw \ntcm-[n-X-ta-J-e-bmWv InkvXp NcnXw F∂-

XmWv. InkvXp-hns\ kw_-‘n®v tImSn-°-W-°n\v kmln-Xy-

ßƒ Ct∂mfw Fgp-X-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. F∂m¬ At±-l-Øns‚ ssZh-

]p-X-Xz-]-c-amb ]tLm-j-W-ß-fpw, A¤p-X-]-hrØn-Ifpw, AXn-

i-b-ßfpw kz¿§o-b- hmKvZm-\-ßfpw D]-am-I-Y-I-fp-am-Wv AXn-

se√mw \nd-™p-\n¬°p-∂-Xv. Bcm-bn-cp∂p tbip? Ft∏m-gm-bn-

cp∂p A-t±-l-Øns‚ P\\w? At±-l-Øns‚ ssiih PohnXw

Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p? At±-l-Øns‚ IpSpw-_-Po-hn-X-sa-ßs\?

hnZym-`ym-k-sa¥v? kmaq-ly-]-cn-kcw F¥m-bn-cp∂p? F¥m-bn-cp∂p

At±-l-Øns‚ D]-Po-h-\-am¿§w? Pohn-X-kw-`-h-ß-fpsS Imem-\p-

I-anI F¥v? a‰p Pohn-X-bm-Ym¿∞y-ß-sf-s¥√mw? At±-l-Øns‚

acWw Ft∏mƒ? FhnsS sh®v? CØ-c-Øn¬ a\p-jys‚ Ncn-X-

Iu-Xp-IsØ ian-∏n-°p-∂Xpw A°m-Z-ao-b-ambn hy‡-X-bp-≈-Xp-

amb Hcp Ncn-X-c-N\ tbip-hns\ kw_-‘n®v Ct∂m-f-ap-≠m-bn-

ń-√. Aß-s\-sbm∂v Fgp-X-s∏-ń-´p-s≠-¶n¬ Xs∂ Fgp-Xnbbmƒ

k`-bpsS A]o-Xn°v ]mX-hpw, hnK-l`-RvP-I-\p-am-bn-Øo-cpw.

as‰mcp hnNn-X-amb Imcyw A°m-Z-anIv Ncn-X-Øns‚ Ime-

\n¿Æbw tbip-hns\ B[m-c-am-°n-bmWv _n.kn-.bpw (In-kvXp-

hn\v apºv) F.-Un.bpw (A-t∂m -tUm-an\n = I¿Øm-hns‚ h¿j-

Øn¬)Bbn hn`-Pn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv. Ncn-X-Øns‚ Cu hn`m-

PIhy‡n Xs∂ Ncn-X-Øn\v A]m-]y-\m-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv hntcm-[m-

`m-k-at√? GXm-bmepw Pohn-X-Øns‚ s]mcpfpw e£yhpw Xncn-

®-dn-bm\pw aX-]-c-amb PohnXw \bn-°m\pw ssZhw \¬Inb

G‰hpw henb hc-Zm-\-amWv bp‡n-t_m-[hpw Nn¥m-i-‡n-bpw.

ùXn-I-tem-I-Øv ÿe-Im-e-Øn≥ kw`-hn-°p∂ ]Xn-`m-k-ß-sf-

√mw bp‡n-sIm≠pw Nn¥-sIm≠pw \ap°v hnth-Nn-®-dn-bmhp∂-

Xm-Wv. ssZhw Xs∂ a\p-jy\v kΩm-\n® bp‡n°pw Nn¥°pw

\ntcm-[-\-ta¿s∏-Sp-Øn Abp-‡n-I-Xbpw A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw aX-

hn-izm-k-ß-fmbn AwKo-I-cn-°W-sa∂v aXm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ ]d-bp-∂Xv

AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ km[y-a-√.

bp‡n-bpw, a\p-jys‚ A\p-`h bmYm¿∞y-ß-fp-ap-]-tbm-

Kn®v InkvXp-a-XsØ hni-I-e\w sNøp∂ Cu IrXn Kuc-h-ta-

dnb Nn¥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. hn-izm-ksØ ]mh-\-ambn Icp-Xp-∂-

h¿°pw a\pjy [njWsb BZ-cn-°p-∂-h¿°pw CXn-ep-∂-bn-°p∂

]iv\-ßƒ - \n m-c-am°n X≈m≥ km[y-a√. a\p-jy≥ InSnew

sIm≠p-t]m-Ip∂ \nc-h[n alm ]oV\ kln®v ssZh ]o-Xn°v

th≠n DPz-e-amb Pohn-Xw -ImgvN sh® alm-\mb tbip-hns‚

Pohn-X-hpw -k-tµ-ihpw sX‰mbn a\- n-em-°p-∂Xv B alm-flm-

hn-t\mSv \mw sNøp∂ A]-cm-[-am-Wv. InkvXp-hns‚ bYm¿∞

Pohn-Xhpw A≤ym-]-\-ßfpw F¥m-sW∂v Kln-°m-\pw, At±-l-

Øns‚ t]cn¬ aX-tem-IØv ]N-cn-°p∂ A‘-hn-izm-k-ßƒ

XyPn-°m\pw Cu IrXn klm-b-I-c-am-hpw F∂ Imcy-Øn¬

bmsXmcp kwi-bhp-an-√.

Christianity: A Journey from Facts to Fiction F∂ aqe-

IrXn AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-A-Øns‚ \memw Jeo^m lZvdØv

an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv (dlv) cNn-®-Xm-Wv. "InkvXp-aXw :

bYm¿∞y-Øn¬ \n∂v sI´p-I-Y-bn-te°v' F∂mWv ]pkvX-I-

Øns‚ t]cv samgn-am‰w sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. aX-]-am-W-ß-fpsS

A[n-jvTm-\-Øn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠v B[p-\nI _u≤n-I-tem-I-hp-ambn

CX B¿÷-h-tØm-sSbpw ]Xyp¬]∂aXn-Xz-tØm-sSbpw kwh-

Zn® as‰mcp ]Xn-`m-im-ensb \ΩpsS Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Is≠-Øm≥

km[y-a-√. At±lw cNn® 'Revelation Rationality Knowledgeand Truth' F∂ ]pkvXIw AXns‚ DØ-a-\n-Z¿i-\-am-Wv. IqSm-

sX, a‰p \nc-h[n KŸ-ßfpw At±lw cNn-®n-´p-≠v. B Znhy

]pcp-js‚ Bflm-hn\v A√m-lp-hns‚ A\p-Klw ta¬°pta¬

e`n-°p-am-dm-I-s´.

Cu hnh¿Ø\w \n¿∆-ln-°m≥ mKyw e`n®-Xn\v BZy-ambn

A√m-lp-hns\ Rm≥ kvXpXn-°p-∂p. Cu ]pkvXIw X¿÷a

sNøm≥ F√m klm-b-k-l-I-c-W-ßfpw sNbvXp-X-cn-Ibpw Cu

]pkvX-I-Øn\v Ah-Xm-cnI Fgp-Xn-Ø-cn-Ibpw sNbvX AlvaZnøm

apkvenw Pam-AØv tImgn-t°mSv taJem Aao¿ G.-]n. Ip™map

kmln-_n\v Fs‚ AI-agn™ IrX-⁄X tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

hnh¿Ø\Øn\v A\p-aXn \¬Inb AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-

AØv \ivtdm CimAØv (JmZn-bm≥) hIp-∏ns\bpw \µn-]q¿∆w

kvacn-°p-∂p. Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ kwtim-[\ \n¿∆-ln-®Xv

P\m_v: sI.-hn. Cuk-t°mb kmln_v ]kn-U≠pw ]n. -bw.

AlvaZv lk≥ kmln_v, sI.-hn. l ≥ tImb kmln_v F∂n-

h¿ sawº¿am-cp-amb Hcp IΩn-‰n-bmWv. Ah-cpsS Aaq-ey-amb

tkh\w Rm≥ ChnsS \µn-]q¿∆w Hm¿°p-I-bm-Wv. Ah¿°v \µn

]d-bm≥ F\n°v hm°p-I-fn-√. k¿∆-i-‡-\mb A√m-lp-hn-t\mSv

Ah¿°p-th≠n Bflm¿∞-ambn ]m¿∞n-°p∂p. Cu ]pkvX-I-

Øns‚ ]q^v doUnßv \S-Ønb P: sI.-hn. l ≥ tImb kmln-

_n\v Hcn-°¬ IqSn \µn ]Im-in-∏n-°p-∂p.

aqe-Ir-Xn-bpsS 1997se G‰hpw ]pXnb ]Xn-∏v F\n°v Ab-

®p-X∂ Fd-Wm-Ipfw taJem Aao-dpw, Fd-Wm-Ipfw PamAØv

]kn-U≠pw Fs‚ Bfl-an-X-hp-amb _n.-_n. AlvaZv I_o¿

kmln-_n\pw AI-a-gn™ IrX-⁄X tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Cu

IrXn-bpsS ]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øn\v- Nne kmt¶-XnI XS- -ßƒ t\cn-

´-t∏mƒ AXv \oßn In´m≥ I_o¿ kmln_v \S-Ønb ITn-\-

amb ia-ßƒ \µn ]q¿∆w Rm≥ kvacn-°p-∂p. AXp-t]mse Cu

hnh¿Ø\w ]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m≥ ]e hn[-Ønepw klm-bn® Fw.

sI. C_n®n -tIm-b´n kmln-_v, auehn ssk\p-Zo≥ lmanZv

kmln_v (a-Z m AlvaZnøm, JmZn-bm≥) ,sIm®n AlvaZnøm

Pam-AØv ]kn-U≠v, tPmk^v kmZnJv kmln-_v, taJ-em -Jm-

bnZv tUm. kem-lp-±o≥ kmln-_v0 At±-l-Øns‚ ]nXmhv kn.

lwk-tImb kmln-_n\pw. ]n.-bw. _jo¿ AlvaZv km-ln-_v,

sF.-sI. AlvaZv Ip´n kmln-_v, bp.-sI. bqkp^v kmln_v (sIm-

Sp-ß-√q¿), sI.-]n. A_vZp-d- m°v kmln_v (am-tØm-´w), F∂n-

h¿°pw CuIrXnbpsS Un.-Sn.-]n.bpw te Hu´pw \n¿∆-ln® hnIvSdn

Intb-j≥kn-t\m-Spw, \µn ]Im-in-∏n-°-s´. aqe-K-Ÿ-Im-cs‚

Bi-b-ßƒ hmb-\-°m-cn¬ FØn-°m≥ Fs‚ Cu Ffnb

hnh¿Ø\w klm-b-I-c-am-hs´ F∂v k¿∆-i-‡-\mb A√m-lp-

hn-t\mSv ]m¿∞n-®p-sIm≠v

G. -Fw. apl-ΩZv keow


Pn.-F-®v. tdmUv, tImgn-t°m-Sv.

KŸ-I¿Øm-hn-s\-∏‰n

AlvaZ nøm apk venw Pam -A -

Øns‚ \mem-asØ Jeo-^-bm-bn-cp∂

lZvdØv an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv (dlv)

Cu Ime-L-´-Ønse Gd-dhpw kap-∂-

X-cmb CkvemanI Nn¥-I-∑m--cn-sem-cm-

fm-bncp-∂p. bpK-]-`m-h-\mb lZvdØv

an¿km _io-dp-±o≥ alvaqZv AlvaZv (d)

t‚bpw adn-bw-_o-Kw kmln_-bptSbpw

aI-\mbns°m≠v 1928 ¬ C¥y-bnse

]©m-_n¬ JmZn-bm≥ F∂ Kma-Øn¬

P\n® Xzmln¿ AlvaZv Xs‚ ]mY-anI

hnZym-`ymkw JmZn-bm\n¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv

\n¿∆-ln-®-Xv. amXm-hns‚ hntbm-K-

Øn\v tijw 1944 ¬ emtlm¿ Kh¨sa‚ v tImtf-Pn¬ At±lw

]T\w XpS¿∂p. ]mIn-kvXm-\n¬ d_vhbnse AlvaZnøm anjn-

\dn tImtf-Pn¬ \n∂pw Unkvd-dnw-ßvjt\m-Sp-IqSn _ncpZw t\Snb

Xzmln¿ AlvaZv ]n∂oSv ]©m_v bqWn-th-gvkn-d-dn-bn¬ \n∂pw

Ad-_n-°n¬ Hmt-Wgvkv _ncp-Zhpw kºm-Zn-®p. ⁄m\n-bmb

Xs‚ ]nXm-hn¬\n∂pw ]I¿∂p-In-´n -b A]m-c-amb Adn-hn\p

]pdta an¿km- Xzm-ln¿ auenI ]Xn-`-bp-ff Hcp hn⁄m\m-t\z-

jn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 1955 ¬ At±lw BZy-ambn Xs‚ ]nXm-hn-t\m-

sSm∏w Cw•≠v kµ¿in-®p. bqtdm-∏nse Nn¥m-[m-c-I-fp-ambn ]cn-

Nb-s∏-Sm\pw Cw•ojv kmln-Xy-Øn¬ hypXv]-Øn-t\-Sm\pw Cw•-

≠n¬ -Xs∂ Xßp-hm≥ Xzmln-dns\ ]nXmhv D]-tZ-in-®p. XpS¿∂v

Cw•-≠n¬ Xma-kn®p Ahn-SpsØ bqWn-thgvknddn Hm^v e≠-

\n¬ c≠-c-h¿j-°mew ]T\w \S-Øn. CtXmsS At±-l-Øns‚

HutZym-KnI hnZym-`ymkw Ign-™p. ]n∂oSv Hcn-°epw ian-°mØ

Xs‚ hn⁄m-\m-t\z-j-W-Øns‚ ]tNm-Z-\-Øm¬ \ne-°mØ

k©m-c-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p. bqtdm∏v apgp-h\pw At±lw \nc-¥cw bmX-

Iƒ \SØn. Bg-Ønepw ]c-∏n -ep -ap -ff hmb-\-tbm -sSm∏w

kpZo¿L-amb N¿®-I-fnepw, kwhm-Z-ß-fnepw At±lw G¿s∏-´p.

]›mXy temIsØ F√m \qX\ Nn¥m-[m-c-I-fpw, ]ÿm-\-ß-

fp-am-bpw apJm-apJw ]cn-N-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Ah-bn¬ \ns∂√mw Akm-

am-\y-amb hn⁄m\hpw Dƒ°m--gvNbpw B¿÷n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Jp¿Bs\ AXn-c-ddp kvt\ln-®n-cp∂ an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv

CkvemanI kmln-Xy-ß-fn-se-∂-t]mse B[p-\n-I-hn-⁄m-\o-b-ß-

fnepw F-Xn-c-dd ]WvUn-X-\mbncp∂p.

1982-˛¬ AlvaZnøm apkvenw Pam-A-Øns‚ aq∂mw Jeo^

lZvdØv an¿km \mkn¿ AlvaZv (d) Znhw-K-X-\m-b-Xns\ XpS¿∂v

an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv \mem-asØ Jeo-^-bmbn Xnc-s™-Sp-°-

s∏-´p.

1984 ¬ ]mIn-kvXm-\nse ]´mf tkzOzm-[n-]Xn P\-d¬ knbm-

D¬ lJv ]pd-s∏-Sp -hn® AlvaZnøm hncp≤ Hm¿Un-\≥kns\

XpS¿∂v At±lw ]mIn-kvXm-\n¬ \n∂pw hn´p t]mhm≥ \n¿_‘n-

X-\m-hpIbpw Xs‚ Bÿm\w e≠-\n-te°v am‰pIbpw sNbvXp.

AXp-ey t\Xr-]m-S -h-ap -≠m-bn -cp∂ Du¿÷-kz-e-\mb an¿km

Xzmln¿ AlvaZv Cw•-≠nse Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v AlvaZn-Isf ]cn-

io-en-∏n®v Xs‚ BtKmf ZuXy \n¿∆-l-W-Øn¬ `mK-`m-°m-°n.

bqtdm-∏n-s‚bpw G-jy-bp-sSbpw kwKa-ÿm-\-amb e≠≥ ]´-W-

Øns‚ \mK-cnI ]_p-≤-Xbpw D∂-X-amb imkvX-km-t¶-XnI

]›m-Ø-ehpw D]-tbm-Kn®v AlvaZnøm apkvenw PamAØns\ A`q-

X-]q¿∆-amb h-f¿®-bn-te-s°-Øn-°m≥ At±-l-Øn∂p Ign™p. 178

cmPy-ß-fn¬ AlvaZn-øØv ÿm]n-°m≥ At±lØn\pkm[n-®p.

1991 ¬ an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv Bcw-`n® apkvenw sSen-hn-j≥

AlvaZnø (M.T.A) F∂ BtKmf apgp-k-ab sSen-hn-j≥ am[yaw

AlvaZnøm Ncn-X-Ønse Hcp \mgnI°√m-Wv. AlvaZn-ø-Øn\v

\ntcm-[-\-ap-ff apkvenwcmPyß-fn-e-S°w temI-amsI AlvaZnøm

ktµiw kwt]-jWw sNøm≥ M.T.A aptJ\ km[y-am -bn.

AlvaZnøm Jeo^ shf-fn-bmgvN tXmdpw \S-Øp∂ JpXzv_-I-fpsS

X¬k-ab kwt] -jWw Bdp `mj-I -f n -ep -ff hnh¿Ø-\ -

tØmSpIqSn M.T.A kwt]-jWw sNøp∂p. temI-sa-ßp-ap-ff

AlvaZn-I-fpsS shf-fn-bmgvN JpXzv_-I-fn¬ B JpXzv_ hmbn-°-

s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. B[p-\nI temI-Ønse Gd-dhpw ^e-]-Z-

amb Hcp kmt¶-XnI kwhn-[m-\sØ Hcp BtKmf kaq-l-Øns‚

Bflob hnIm-k-Øn-∂p-ff D]m-[n-bm°n amd-dm≥ At±-l-Øn\v

M.T.A aptJ\ km[n-®p hnip-≤-Jp¿-B\v Cw•o-jnepw Ddp-Zp-hnepw

]cn-`m-j-Iƒ \n¿∆-ln-® lZvdØv an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv \nc-h[n

KŸ-ßƒ cNn-®n-´p-≠v. At±-l-Øns‚ Gd-dhpw it≤-b-amb IrXn

Revelation Rationality Knowledge and Truth F∂ _rlZv

KŸ-am-Wv. AXp-t]mse CkvemanI aX-cmjvS auen-I-hmZ-sØ-

°p-dn®v Ddp-Zphnse-gp-Xnb "aZvl_v sI \mw ]¿ Jq≥' F∂ ]pkvX-

Ihpw Gsd N¿® sNø-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. aX-Øns‚ t]cn¬ a\p-jy-lXy

F∂ t]cn¬ AXp ae-bm-f-Øn¬ ]kn-≤o-IrXam-bn-´p-≠v.

AlvaZnøm Jeo^ Bb-Xn\v tijw temI-hym-]-I-ambn ]cy-

S\w \S-Ønb an¿km Xzmln¿ AlvaZv Ahn-S-ß-fnse aX-t\-Xm-

°-∑m¿, _p≤n Pohn-Iƒ, imkvX-hn-⁄m-\n-Iƒ, ]X-]-h¿Ø-I¿,

Fgp-Øp-Im¿, kmaq-ly-]-h¿Ø-I¿, kvXohn-tam-N-I-]-h¿Ø-I¿,

km[m-c-W-°m¿, hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ, Ip´n-Iƒ apX-em-b-h-tcm-sS√mw

kwh-Zn-°p-Ibpw tNmtZym-Øc kZ- p-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏´ Ahsb√mw Xs∂ _lp-apJ]Xn-`-bmb

At±l-Øns‚ A]m-c -amb ⁄m\-Øns‚ \nZ¿i-\-ß-fm-Wv.

tlman-tbm-]Xn sshZykº-Zm-b-Øns‚ h‡mhpw NnIn-’-I\pw

]Nm-c-I-\pam-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. A©p `qJ-WvU-ß-fnse tcmKn-

Isf NnIn-’n-®n-cp∂ NnIn-’-I≥ F∂ AXy]q¿∆ _lp-a-Xnbpw

At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. tlman-tbm-]-Xnsb]ddn B[n-Im-cnI

KŸ-sa-gp-Xnb At±lw Cu NnIn’m kº-Zm-b-Øn¬ ]e \qX\

coXn-Ifpw Bhn-jv°-cn-®n-´p-≠v. 2003 G]n¬ 19 \v B alm-a-

\ojn e≠-\n¬ sh®v Znhw-K-X-\m-bn.

"\nßƒ kXyw Adnbpw ;

kXyw \nßsf kzX-¥-cm°pw'

tbip-InkvXp(tbm-l-∂m≥ : 8 :32)

BapJw

InkvXp F∂ hy‡n°v ka-Im-eo\ temIØv kPo-h-]m-[m-

\y-ap-≠v. At±-l-Øns‚ ]k‡n InkvXo-b-tem-IØv amXw ]cn-

an-X-a-√. a‰p apJy-a-X-ß-fn-te°v IqSn At±-l-Øns‚ ]m[m\yw

AXn-h¿Øn-®p-\n¬°p-∂p. AXm-bXv PqX-a-X-Ønepw ]tXy-In®v

Ckvemw aX-Ønepw. Cu aq∂v ]_-e-amb aX-ßƒ InkvXp F∂

hy‡n-bpsS H∂mw hc-hn-t\bpw hmKvZm-\w sNø-s∏´ c≠mw hc-hn-

t\bpw kw_-‘n®v Hcp s]mXp-[m-c-W-bn¬ sFIy-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬ AØcw Hcp [mcW C∂v a\p-jy-k-aqlw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂

]e ]iv\-ßƒ°pw ]cn-lm-c-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p. \n¿`m-Ky-I-c-sa∂p

]d-bs´, tbip-hns‚ Pohn-XsØ kw_-‘n® ASn-ÿm\ hkvXp-

X-Iƒ, At±-l-Øns‚ Dt±-iyw, At±-l-Øns‚ hy‡nXzw F∂nh

]q¿Æ-ambpw sX‰n-≤-cn-°-s∏-ń-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. CØcw hnjb-ß-fn-

ep≈ Cu aq∂p aX-ß-fp-sSbpw [mc-W-Iƒ i‡amb coXn-bn¬

]c-kv]c hncp-≤-ß-fm-Wv. Bb-Xn-\m¬ Ch¿ XΩn¬ ISpØ

iXpX A\n-hm-cy-ambpw D≠m-hp-∂p.

Iqio-I-c-W-Øn-e-S-ßnb hkvXp-X-Iƒ \mw \nco-£n-°p-tºm-

gpw, Iqio-I-c-W-th-f-bn¬ kw`-hn-®Xv F¥m-sW∂pw, F¥p-sIm≠v

Ah kw`-hn-®p-sh∂pw Bcm-bp-tºmgpw A]-Imcw Xs∂ ]m]hn-

tam-N-\-hpw AXp-ambn _‘-s∏´ XØz-im-kvX-hpw ]cn-tim-[n-

°ptºmƒ hnhn-[-ß-fmb BZna InkvXob tkmX- p-I-fn¬ \n∂pw

\ap°v e`n-°p∂ DØ-c-ßƒ ]c-kv]c hncp-≤-ß-fmbn ImWp∂p.

Rm\o ka-ky-I-sf√mw ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥ bp‡n-sb- ASn-ÿm\-am-

°n-bp≈ Hcp ho£-W-tIm-WmWv Xnc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xv. ê-]-Z-amb

kwhmZw \S-Øp-hm≥ F√m-h¿°pw s]mXp-hmbn _m[-I-amb thZn

CXm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. sshb-‡nI-amb hymJym-

\-t`-Z-ßtfmSp-Iq-Snb ss__nƒ hN-\-ßsf ASn--ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈

F√m N¿®-I-fpw Hcn-°epw ]pdØv IS-°m≥ Ign-bmØ hnhm-Z-ß-

fpsS \o¿®p-gn-bn-te-°m-bn-cn-°pw \sΩ \bn-°p-I.

c≠m-bncw h¿j-ßƒ CXn-\Iw IS-∂p-t]mbn. F∂n´pw aX-

K-Ÿ-ßsf amXw D]-Po-hn-®p-sIm≠p F√m-h¿°pw kzoIm-cy-amb

Hcp ]cn-lm-c-Øn¬ FØn-t®-cm≥ B¿°pw km[y-am-bn-ń-√. IqSp-

X¬ hni-Zo-I-cn®v k¶o¿Æ-am°nØo¿Ø Nne aX-K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS

hmZ-ap-J-ß-fp-sS hnizm-ky-X-bmWv ]iv\-Øns‚ ImX¬. IqSmsX

InkvXp F∂ Ncn-X-]p-cp-js\ hew sh®p-sIm≠v Ime-I-taW

21InkvXp-aXw : bmYm¿∞y-Øn¬ \n∂v sI´p-I-Y-bn-te°v

hf¿∂p-h∂ ]c-kv]c hncp-≤-ß-fmb [mc-W-Iƒ AXy-Km-[-amb

k¶o¿Æ-X-I-fmWv Db¿Øp-∂-Xv. tbip-hns\ kw_-‘n® Ncn-X-

]-c-amb ho£-W-tIm-Wn-eq-sS-bp≈ Z¿i-\-Øns‚ s]mXp-th-bp≈

]h-WX Ahy-‡-Xbpw k∂n-Kv≤-Xbpw krjvSn-°-s∏-S¬ amX-

am-Wv. tbip-hns‚ Imew t]mse hnZq-c-amb Hcp Ime-L-´-Øn¬

\S∂ kw`hw Kln-°m≥ c≠m-bncw h¿jsØ Ime-ssZ¿Lyw

GXm-bmepw Hcp km[m-cW XS- -a-√. ]n≥Im-eØv Bhn¿`-hn®

imkvX-Øns‚ ]n≥_-e-ap≈ a\p-jy-bp-‡n°pw _p≤n°pw hnizm-

k-tam, h¿Ætam, aXtam C√. AXv F√m P\-X°pw aX-ßƒ°pw

Hcp-t]m-se-bm-Wv. bp‡n, B bp-‡n-sbm∂n\p amX-amWv k¿∆mw-

Ko-Ir-X-amb Hcp A`n-]m-b-Øn\v \nZm-\-ambn Øocm≥ km[n-°p-

I.

Rm≥ Cu ]iv\sØ hnhn[ ho£-W-tIm-Wn-eqsS ]cn-tim-

[n-°m≥ ian-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. BZy-ambn InkvXym-\n-I-tfmsSm∏w Xs∂

Bcw-`n-°m≥ Fs∂ A\p-h-Zn-°p-I. AXm-bXv InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Cu

]iv\sØ t\m°n-°m-Wp∂ coXn-bn¬ Rm\-Xns\ ho£n-°p∂p.

]n∂oSv bp‡n-bpsS `qX-°-Æm-Sn-bn-eqsS t\m°n hna¿i-\m-fl-I-

ambn hni-I-e\w sNøp-∂p. Rm≥ Xo¿®-bmbpw Du∂n-∏--dbp-∂p,

bmsXm-c¿∞-Ønepw Rm≥ InkvXym-\n-I-tftbm tbip-hn-t\tbm

A]-am-\n-°m≥ Dt±-in-®n-´n-√. Hcp apkvenw F∂ \ne°v tbiphns‚

kXy-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°pI F∂Xv Fs‚ ASn-ÿm\ hnizm-k-

Øns‚ `mK-am-Wv. ssZhw ]tXy-I-ambn _-lp-am-\n® ssZh-Zq-

X\mbpw Ckm-tben ]hm-N-I-∑m¿°n-S-bn¬ AXp-ey-ÿm\w Ae-

¶-cn-°p∂ ]hm-N-I-\mbpw apkvenw F∂ \ne°v Rm≥ tbip-hns\

Icp-tX-≠-Xp-≠v. ]t£ bp‡n-, kmam-\y-t_m-[w, a\p-jy-[n-j-W

F∂nh-tbmSv \oXn ]pe¿Øm≥ kXyw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp -tºmƒ

InkvXp-a-X-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcm-fpsS ho£Ww ]p\x-]-cn-tim-[n-°p-

∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw hn´p-\n¬°m≥ B¿°pw km[y-a-√. InkvXym-\n-

Iƒ°pw InkvXp-hn -\p -an -S -bn¬ AI¬®-bp-≠m-°m-\√ Fs‚

Dt±iyw. adn®v tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ bmYm¿∞y-Øn-te°v InkvXym-

\n-Isf ASp-∏n-°p-hm\pw At±-l-Øn\p Np‰pw s\bvsX-SpØ anØp-

I-fn¬ \n∂pw Ahsc AI-‰p-hm-\p-amWv Rm\m-K-ln-°p-∂-Xv.

Ime-Øn\v bmYm¿∞y-ßsf anØpw CXn-lm-k-ß-fp-am°n

am‰m≥ Ign-bpw. AØcw CXn-lm-k-ß-fpsS kzm[-o\w a\p-jys\

Pohn-X-bm-Ym¿∞y-Øn¬ \n∂pw AI-‰p-∂p. AXns‚ ^e-ambn aX-

hn-izmkw `mh-\bpw Ab-Ym¿∞-hp-ambn amdp-∂p. AtX-k-abw


bYm¿∞ hnizm-k-Øns‚ thcp-Iƒ hmkvX-hn-I-X-bp-ambpw Ncn-

X-h-kvXp -X-I-fp -ambpw _‘-s∏-´p -\n¬°p-∂p. AXv XnI®pw

bmYm¿∞yhpw a\p-jy-k-aq-l-Øn¬ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb ]cn-h¿Ø-\-

ßƒ hcp-Øp-hm≥ tijn-bp-≈-Xp-am-Wv.

tbip-hns‚ bYm¿∞ hnizm-khpw A≤ym-]-\-ßfpw a\- n-

em-°m-\p≈ ia-Øn¬ bmYm¿∞ysØ sI´p-I-Y-bn¬ \n∂pw

kXysØ anYy-bn¬ \n∂pw th¿Xn-cn-s®-Sp-t°-≠Xp≠v. Cu ]b-

Xv\-Øns‚ BXy-¥n-I-e£yw kXym-t\z-j-W-am-Wv. Fs∂ \nßƒ

kln-°p-sa∂v Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p. Rm\m-cp-tSbpw hnizm-k-tØbpw

`mhp-I-Xz-tØbpw hW-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-t±-in-®n-´n-s√∂v \nßƒ a\- n-

em-°-Ww.

InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ [m¿Ωn-I-£-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw Ahsc c£n-

°m≥ Hcp hna¿i-\m-flI kao-]\w AXym-h-iy-am-Wv. AXns‚

[¿Ω-£-b-Øns‚ KXnsb ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°pI F∂Xv hfsc ]bm-k-

I-c-amb Imcy-am-Wv. Fs‚ hni-I-e-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw F\n°v a\- n-

em-bXv ka-Im-eo\ temI-Ønse bphm-°ƒ°v ssZh-Øn-ep≈

hnizmkw AXn-ioLw \jvS-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv F∂m-Wv.

ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂pw imkvX-⁄-∑m¿ AI-∂p-t]mb Hcp Ime-ap-

≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-∂p-Im-cWw ss__nƒ ]g-b-\n-b-a-Ønepw ]pXn-

b-\n-b-a-Ønepw NnXo-I-cn-°-s∏´ blqZ ssIkvXh ]]-©-k-¶-

ev]-ßƒ bmYm¿∞y-am-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂-Xm-Wv. temI-Øn-t‚bpw

BIm-i-tKm-f-ß-fp-tSbpw AXn-\-∏p-d-ap-≈-Xn-t\bpw kw_-‘n®

ss__nƒ ]T-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw e`n-°p∂ [mc-W-Iƒ imkvXob

I≠p-]nSp-Ø-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw _lp-Zqcw AI-se-bm-sW∂ hkvXpX

bqtdm-]y≥ \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬ Xs∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-I-

bp-≠m-bn. imkvXhpw ss__nfpw XΩn-ep≈ AI¬® imkvXw

]ptcm-K-an-°p-∂-Xn-\-\p-k-cn®v h¿≤n-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cp-∂p. AtXm-

sSm∏w ]Ir-Xnsb kw_-‘n-®p≈ a\pjy[m-c-W-Iƒ hnπ-h-I-c-

amb Hcp am‰-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-hp-Ibpw sNbvXp. CXv a‰p kaq-l-

Øns‚ ssh⁄m-\nI taJ-e-I-fn¬ ssZh\ntj-[-Øn\v XpS°w

Ipdn-®p. ]n¬°m-eØv hnZym-`ymkw Bg-Ønepw ]c-∏nepw hnI-kn-

®-t∏mƒ al-Ømb bqWn-th-gvkn-‰n-Ifpw hnZym-]o-T-ßfpw \nco-iz-

c-hm-Z-Øns‚ hf¿Øp tIµ-ß-fmbn amdn. ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\hpw

ssZh-Øns‚ ]hrØnbpw XΩn¬ sshcp≤yw ImWp∂p F∂-Xm-

bn-cp-∂p blqZ ssIkvXh aX-ß-fpsS ]]-©-[m-c-W-Iƒ A`n-

ap-Jo-I-cn® ]iv\w. ssZhhnizm-k-Øn-s\-Xnsc Xmsg ]d-bp∂

coXn -bn -emWv hmZ-ap -J-ßƒ D∂-bn -°-s∏´Xv. AXm-bXv Cu


]]©Øns‚ kjvSm-hpw, ]]-©-Øn-ep-≈-Xn-s‚-sb√mw DS-a-

ÿ\pw ]]-©-\n-b-a-ßsf cq]-I-ev]\ sNbvXp ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂-h-

\pw ssZh-am-sW-¶n¬ Kth-j-Wm-fl-I-amb a\p-jy-a-\- p-Iƒ Is≠-

Ønb bmYm¿∞y-ßsf∏‰n ssZh-Øn\v F¥p-sIm≠v bmsXm∂pw

Adn-bm-sX-t]mbn?

BIm-ihpw `q-anbpw Fßs\ krjvSn-°-s∏-´p? s]mSn-a-Æn¬

\n∂pw a\p-jys‚ Bhn¿`mhw Fß-s\-bp-≠mbn? BZm-ans‚ hmcn-

sb-√n¬ \n∂pw l∆sb Fßs\ krjvSn-®p? apX-emb hnj-b-ßsf

kw_-‘n-°p∂ ss__nƒ ]Xn-]m-Z-\-ßsf∏‰n ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ

ssZh-Øns‚ hm°pw ]hrØnbpw XΩn-ep≈ hn`-an-∏n-°p∂ s]mcp-

Ø-t°-Sp-Iƒ I≠v \mw hnkva-bn®p t]mIpw. AXp-t]mse `qan-

bn¬ a\p-jy-Po-hnXw Bcw-`n-®-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ imkvXob hni-

Zo-I-c-Whpw Dev]-Øn-bn¬ hnh-cn-°-s∏´ ss__n-ƒ hnh-c-W-ßfpw

XΩn-ep≈ sRń-∏n-°p∂ sshcp-≤y-ßƒ I≠v \mw A¤p-X-]-c-X-

¥cmbn Aº-c-∂p-t]m-Ipw.

tNmZyw sNø-s∏-Sm-\m-hmØ cmjvSob A[n-Imcw ssIøm-fn-

bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ AØcw sshcp-≤y-ß-tfmSpv a¿±-\m-fl-I-amb \bw

kzoI-cn -°m-\mWv InkvXpk` [rjvS-amb-Xv. Keo-en -tbmbpw

InkvXp-k-`bpw XΩn¬ \S∂ kwhm-Z-amWv A°q-´-Øn¬ G‰hpw

]i-kvX-am-b-Xv. Keo-entbm ku-c-bq-Y-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ At±-l-

Øns‚ Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ ]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-t∏mƒ k`sb AXv ]tIm-

]n-X-am-°n. ImcWw kuc-bq-YsØ∏‰n-bp≈ k`-bpsS [mc-W-

Iƒ°v hncp-≤-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. ITn-\-amb òj-WnsbØpS¿∂v P\-

a-≤y-Øn¬ Xs‚ imkvXo-b-amb I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-ßsf X≈n-∏-d-bm≥

Keo-entbm \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-bn. As√-¶n¬ At±-lsØ ]oUn-∏n-®p-

sIm-√p-am-bn-cp-∂p. F¶nepw At±-lsØ injvS-Imew ho´p-X-S-¶-

em°n. tPm¨ t]mƒ c≠m-a≥ am¿]m∏ \nb-an® Hcp IΩn-‰n-bpsS

]¥≠v h¿jsØ kpZo¿L-amb IqSn-bm-tem-N-\-Iƒ°v tij-w

1992-˛-emWv InkvXp-k` Keo-en-tbm-hn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ hn[n ]p\-:]-

cn-tim-[n®v Xncp-Øm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®-Xv.

XpS-°-Øn¬ Cu sshcp-≤y-ß-fpsS BLm-X-ß-sfm∂pw kaq-

l-Ønse km[m-cW°mcpsS Xe-ß-fn-te°v Bgv∂n-d-ßn-bn-cp-∂n√.

kaq-l-Øns‚ _u≤nI afi-e-Øn¬ amXw Ipd-®p-Im-e-tØ°v

Ah HXp-ßn-\n-∂p. ]t£ uXnI hnZym-`ymkw hym]-I-am-b-tXmsS

aX-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ shfn®w F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂Xv ItaW aßn Ccp-

ń¬ ebn-°m≥ XpS-ßn. \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ (15mw \q‰m-≠v) BZy-


L-´ -ß-fn¬ imkvX-⁄-∑m-cpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Ah-cpsS

D¬_p≤ hrØ-ß-fn¬ amXambn-cp∂p HXpßn \n∂Xv. imkvX-

⁄-∑m¿ XΩnepw s]mXp-P-\-ß-fp-ambpw C∂p ImWp∂ coXn-bn-

ep≈ hym]I-amb ]c-kv]-c-_-‘w A°m-eØv ÿm]n-X-am-bn-cp-

∂n-√. Bb-Xn-\m¬ Ah-cpsS \mkvXn-I-hmZw kaq-lsØ apgp-h-

\p-ambpw kzm[o-\n-®n-cp-∂n-√. hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fnse bphm-°ƒ°v

km¿∆-XnI hnZym-`ymkw e`y-ambnØpS-ßn-b-tXmsS Imcy-ßƒ

AXn-th-K-X-bn¬ aX-ßƒs°-Xn-cmb Zni-bn¬ amdna-dn-bm≥ XpS-

ßn. AXns\ØpS¿∂v XØz-im-kvX-Øn-t‚bpw bp‡n-hm-Z-Øn-

t‚bpw Ime-L-´-ßƒ kam-K-X-am-bn. imkvX-hn-⁄m-\-tØmsS

]pXnb kmaq-ly-˛a-\-»m-kvX -X-Øz-im-kvX kn≤m-¥-ßƒ AXo-

ioLw apf-®p-s]m-¥n. ]tXy-In®v ]sØm-ºXv Ccp-]Xv \q‰m-≠p-

I-fn¬ uXn-I-hn-Im-khpw uXn-I-Nn-¥-bp-ambn Iqń-°-e¿Øn A`n-

\h ùXn-I- X-Øz-im-kvX-⁄-∑m¿ aX-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ ine-

I-fn¬ AXm-bXv ssZh-hn-izm-k-Øn¬ amc-I-amb ]l-c-ß-tf¬]n-

®p.

ssZh-Øn-ep≈ Hcm-fpsS hnizmkw Abm-fpsS [m¿Ωn-I-Xsb

Ft∏mgpw \nb-¥n-°p-Ibpw kwc-£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cu

hnizmkw Zp¿_-e-am-hp-Itbm timjn®p t]mhp-Itbm AXn-se-s¥-

¶nepw t]mcm-bva-Iƒ Ds≠-¶ntem AtX Af-hn¬ AXv Abm-fpsS

[m¿an-I-X-tbbpw _m[n-°p-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v ]Ir-Xn-sb∏‰n-

bp≈ ùXn-I-⁄m\hpw kmam-\y-_p-≤n-bpw t]c-W-Ifpw ssZh-

hn-izm-k-hp-ambn ]c-kv]c sshcp-≤y-tØmsS kwL-´-\-Øn¬

G¿s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ssZh-Øn-ep≈ P\-ßfpsS hnizm-k-Øn\v

Iam-\p-K-X-ambn Po¿Æ\w kw`-hn-°p-∂p. XZ-\p-kr-X-ambn Ah-

cpsS [m¿Ωn-I-X-bn¬ \ntj-[m-flI kzm[o\w AXv sNep-Øp-Ibpw

sNøp-∂p. F√m ]mtbm-KnI Bh-iy-ß-fnepw Hcp kaqlw

\mkvXnIXbn-te°v ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNøp-tºmƒ FX t]¿°v ssZh-

hn-izm-k-Øn¬ ]nSn-®p-\n¬°m≥ Ign-bpw? Cu ]iv\w \n¿Æbw

sNøm\pw ssZh-hn-izm-k-Øns‚ KpWw Hcp kaq-l-Øn¬ FX-

tØm-f-ap-s≠∂p Is≠-Øm\pw bmsXmcp ]bm-k-hp-an-√. P\-ß-

fpsS ssZh-hn-izmkw FX I≠v Zp¿_-e-am-hp-Itbm timjn-°p-

Itbm sNøp∂pthm AX amXw AXv [m¿an-I-Xsb Zp¿_-e-am-

°m≥ kzm[o\w sNep-Øpw. Cu c≠v Xmev]-cy-ßfpw AXm-bXv

ssZh hn-izm-khpw A[m¿Ωn-I-Xbpw XΩn¬ _em-_-e-Øn¬ hcp-

tºmƒ A[m¿Ωn-I-amb Bh-iy-ßƒ°p-th≠n ssZh-hn-izm-kw

Zqsc If-bs∏Spw.


Cusbmcp am\-ZWvUw temI-Ønse Fhn-sS-bp-ap≈ aX-k-aq-

l-ß-fn¬ Btcm-]n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶nepw \ap°v Ft∏mgpw IrXyhpw

hy‡-hp -amb \nK-a -\ -ß-fn -se-Øn-t®-cm≥ km[n -°pw. kXy

InkvXym-\n-Iƒ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp kaq-l-tØmSv Ah-cpsS

hnizm -ksØ H∂p ]co -£n -°m\pw Ah-cpsS kaq -l-Øn¬

ssIkvXh aqey-ßƒ \ne-\n¬°p-∂pt≠m C√tbm F∂-dn-bm\pw

th≠n Hcmƒ°v Nne tNmZy-ßƒ tNmZn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. DZm-l-c-

W-Øn\v Cu InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS Ab¬°m-tcmSv ]Øv Iev]-

\-I-fn¬ ]d-™-Xp-t]m-se -s]-cp-am-dp-∂pt≠m? bp≤m-h-k-c-Ønepw

tZiob Zpc-¥-ß-fpsS Ah-k-c-Ønepw Ah-cpsS FXn-cmfn-I-tfmSv

InkvXob aqey-ßƒ A\p-h¿Øn-°ptam? \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fmb Bfp-

Iƒ BI-an-°-s∏-Sp-tºmgpw ssItø‰w sNø-s∏-Sp-tºmgpw Hcp Ihn-

f-Ø-Sn-®m¬ at‰ Ihnfpw Im´n-s°m-Sp-°ptam? tNmZy-an-XmWv: "Hcm-

fpsS Pohn-X-Øn¬ AbmfpsS kz`mhw, AbmfpsS hnizm-ksØ

FX-amXw hc-®p--Im-´p∂p'? Aßs\ hnizm-ksØ hc-®p-Im-´p-∂n-

s√-¶n¬ ssZh-Øn-ep≈ Abm-fpsS hnizm-khpw Abm-fpsS Xs∂

Bh-iy-ßfpw XΩn¬ kwL-´-\-Øn-em-sW∂v \ap°v a\- n-em-°mw.

Hcm-fpsS ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw G‰hpw ]c-tam-∂-X-ambn \ne-

\n¬°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬, Abm-fpsS Bh-iy-ß-fpw BK-l-ßfpw hnizm-

k-Øns‚ _en-th-Zn-bn¬ tlman-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. At∏mƒ Abm-fpsS

hnizm-k-Øns‚ ]IrXn bYm¿∞-am-sW∂pw Bflm¿∞-X-bp-≈-

Xm-sW∂pw _en-jvS-am-W∂pw ]d-bmw.

C∂sØ InkvXob temIsØ \nco-£n-®p-sIm≠p ssZh-Øn-

ep≈ hnizm-k-Øns‚ Zm¿VyXsb∏‰n hn[n-]-d-bm≥ Cusbmcp ]co-

£Ww \S-Øn -t\m-°p-I. At∏m-ƒ AsXmcp timIm-fl-Ihpw \ncm-

im-P-\-I-hp-amb A\p-`-h-ambnØocp-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. ssZh-hn-izm-k-

Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ Xpd∂ Iem-]-amWv s]mXp-hmbn ImWp-∂-Xv. Nne-

t∏mƒ Xpd∂ \ntj-[-ß-fn-te°v ]cm-h¿Ø\w sNø-s∏-SmØ aqI-

amb Hcp hnπ-h-ambncn-°p-a-Xv. kXyw hfsc hyXy-kvX-am-b-Xm-Wv.

ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizm-khpw Bfp-I-fpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw X-Ωn¬

sshcp-≤y-ap-≠v. Cu sshcp≤yw aX-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS kaqlw F∂Xv

Hcp anYy-bm°n am‰p-∂p. CXp-Xs∂ as‰√m aX-k-aq-l-ß-fn-te°pw

henb tXmXn¬ Btcm-]n-°mw. F√m kaq-l-ß-fnepw Htc ImcWw

Htc e-ßƒ Xs∂ Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°-W-sa-∂n-√. Hmtcm kaq-l-Øns‚

Imcy-Ønepw AXm-Xns‚ ]tXy-I-X-Iƒ IW-°n-se-Sp-t°-≠-Xp-

≠v. AXp-sIm-≠mWv P\-ß-fpsS hnizm-khpw Ah-cpsS ]h¿Ø-

\-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ ]c-kv]c sshcp-≤y-ß-fpsS ]Ir-Xnsb∏‰n- X\n-


abm¿∂-Xpw, kzX-¥-am -bXpw kmh-[m -\ -Øn-ep -≈Xpw A]-

KY\mfla-I-hp-amb ]cn-tim-[-\-Iƒ°v ]m[m\yw ssIh-cp-∂-Xv.

Nne hnizm-k-ßƒ kzbw Xs∂ ]Ir-Xn°v hncp-≤hpw IpSn-

eX \nd-™-Xp-am-bn-cn°pw F∂ Imcyw \mw i≤n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-

∂p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v blq-Z-c-√mØ PmXn-I-tfm-Sp≈ X¬aq-Zns‚

A≤ym]-\-ß-fn¬ NneXpw lnµp-a-X-Ønse a\p-kvar-Xn- Akv]r-

iy--cmbn-°m-Wp∂ a\p-jy-tcm-Sp≈ kao-]-\-ß-fp-am-W-Xv. Nne-t∏mƒ

Nne hnizm-k-ßƒ kzbw Xs∂ \√-Xm-bn-cn-°mw. AXv ]tbm-K-

Øn¬ hcp-Øp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \∑-bp-ap-≠m-Ipw. ]t£, a\pjy≥

Zpjn-°p-Ibpw hnizm-k-ßƒ Dt]-£n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ AXv

]men-°p-hm≥ ]bm-k-I-c-amWv. \ap°v InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ ]iv\-

ß-fn-te°v Xs∂ Xncn-®p-h-cmw. \ap°v ]d-bm-\p-≈Xv InkvXp-aX

hnizm-k-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-kn≤m-¥-ßƒ ]Ir-Xn-k-Xy-ß-fp-ambn

kwL-´-\-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp-∂p F∂mWv. bp‡n-bnepw kmam-\y-_p-

≤n-bn-ep-a-[n-jvTn-X-amb a\p-jys‚ Bi-bß-fp-ambn AXv HØp-t]m-

Ip-∂n-√. Cusbmcp kml-N-cy-Øn¬ InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Ah-cpsS

hnizm-ksØ Kuc-h-am-sb-Sp-°mØXpw Xß-fpsS PohnXw XZ-\p-

kr-X-ambn cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ hnap-JX Im´p∂p F∂Xpw XnI®pw

kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv.

Df-f-S°w

1. tbip-hns‚ ]pXXzw .................................................................. 33

]n-Xr-Xz-Øns‚ imkvXo-bm-Sn-ÿm\w ....................................... 34

ssZh-Øn\v ssPh ]pX≥ D≠m-hptam .................................... 36

D`b-enw-KXzw............................................................................................ 37

]m¿∞-t\m-sP-\n-knkv ...................................................................... 38

F¥mWv A¤p-X-ßƒ? ................................................................... 39

tbip ssZhØns‚ ]pXt\m?........................................................ 41

2. ]m]hpw ]m]-]-cn-lm-c-hpw- ....................................................... 47

a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ ]m]-]-cn-lmcw ............................................. 48

BZ-an-s‚bpw l∆-bp-sSbpw ]m]w ............................................... 49

]m]-]-cn-lm-c-Øn\p tijhpw a\p-jy-Zp-cnXw XpS-cp∂p .. 52

]mc-ºcy]m]w ......................................................................................... 54

]m]-Øns‚ ssIam‰w ......................................................................... 56

in£ ]¶p sh°¬ XpS-cp∂p ........................................................ 58

\oXn]me-\hpw s]mdpØp sImSp-°epw ................................... 64

tbip-hn\v ]m]-]-cn-lmcw km[y-a√ ........................................... 69

BK-ln-°mØ XymKw ....................................................................... 70

BcmWv _en-bm-°-s∏-´-Xv? .............................................................. 74

tbip-hns‚ ]tl-fnI ....................................................................... 76

]nXm-hmb ssZhhpw ]oU\w kln®n-cp-∂pthm? ................ 78

A·n-sIm-≠p-ff in£...................................................................... 79

_enbpw Bflob l¿jhpw .......................................................... 80

acWw F∂ ]Z-Øn\v tbip-hns\ kw_-‘n® A¿∞w .81

A]-cn-an-X-amb ]m]-Øn\v ]cn-an-X-amb in£...................... 83

F¥p-sIm≠v ]m]-]-cn-lmcw am‰n ? ............................................ 84

3. ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ ]¶v ........................................................... 86

krjvSn-∏n¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ ]¶v ........................................ 88

\nKq-V-c-l-ky-ßtfm hntcm-[m-`m-k-tam? ............................... 90

4. Iqio-I-cWw ................................................................................. 93

tbm\m-bpsS AS-bmfw ........................................................................ 95

Ck-tb¬ Krl-tØm-Sp-ff tbip-hns‚ hmKvZm\w ............. 97

Iqcn-ip-kw-`hw ........................................................................................ 98

5. ]p\-cp-Po-h-\tam ]p\-cp-∞m-\tam? ........................................ 111

hnip-≤¿s°-Xn-sc-bp-ff lo\-hn-a¿iw ..................................... 121

kz¿§m-tcm-lWw .................................................................................. 126

tbip-hns‚ ico-c-Øn\v F¥p- kw-`-hn®p? ........................... 127

AlvaZnøm ho£Ww ........................................................................ 131

ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂v c£-s∏´ kw`-h-ßƒ................................. 133

6. XnXzw ............................................................................................. 137

XnXz k¶¬]-Ønse ]c-kv]-c-_-‘-ßƒ .......................... 138

hn`n∂ `mh-ßtfm Ah-ÿ-Itfm D≈ GI hy‡n ........ 139

A\-¥-X ]¶p-sh-°p∂ hyXykvX hy‡n-Iƒ .................. 140

hyXy-kvXhpw hyXn-cn-‡-hp-amb hy‡n-Xz-ap-ff

hn`n∂ hy‡n-Iƒ ............................................................................... 144

X¬k-a-ßfpw ]c-kv]cw Xpey-ß-fp-amb

KpW-ß-tfmSp IqSnb hyXykvX hy‡n-Xz-ßƒ................. 149

7. InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ ]cn-Wmaw ................................................. 142

tbip-hns‚ BZy-in-jy-∑m¿ .......................................................... 152

sk‚ v t]mfns‚ ]¶v ........................................................................ 155

tbip-hns‚ bmYm¿∞yw ................................................................. 157

aX-Øns‚ XpS¿® ............................................................................... 159

aX-hn-Im-k-Øns‚ AKna-ÿm\w .............................................. 161

8. InkvXp-aXw C∂v ........................................................................ 164

InkvXp-a-Xhpw sImtfm-Wn-b-en-khpw .................................... 164

tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ ]p\cmK-a\w.............................................. 168

hmKvZØ akolv ................................................................................. 174

D]-kw-lmcw ........................................................................................... 182

A\p-_‘w I................................................................................... 187

A\p-_‘w II .................................................................................. 189

s^¿am-^-ssU-‰nkw ......................................................................... 191

A≤ymbw 1

tbip-hns‚ ]pXXzw

ssZhhpw tbiphpw XΩn-ep≈ "]nXr-]pX' _‘w InkvXp-a-

X-Øns‚ tIµ XØz-am-Ip-∂p. `mh-\tbm Ae-¶m-tcm-‡ntbm

IqSmsX "A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬' ]pX-\m-bn-cn-°pI (literal son) F∂-

Xns‚ A¿∞w a\- n-em-°m≥ BZy-ambn \ap-s°m∂v ian®p

t\m°mw. "A£-cm¿∞-Øn-ep≈' Hcp ]nXm-hns‚ "A£-cm¿∞-Øn-

ep≈' ]pX-\m-bn-cn-°pI F∂-Xns‚ A¿∞-Øn¬ \mw tIµo-I-cn-

°p-I. At∏mƒ tbip-hns‚ "]pX-XzsØ' w_-‘n-®p≈ \ΩpsS

A`n-]m-b-ßƒ am‰n-Øn-cp-Øm≥ t]cn-∏n-°p∂ Nne \ymb-ßƒ

Bhn¿ -hn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. ]pX≥ F∂m¬ F¥mWv? imkvXw

AXamXw hnI-kn-®n-´n-√m-ØXpw I≠p-]n-S-nØ-ßƒ \S-Øn-bn-´n-√m-

Ø-Xp-amb Hcp Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Hcp a\p-jy-inip Fßs\ P∑w

sIm≈p∂p F∂ tNmZy-Øn\v Ahy-‡-amb coXn-bn-em-bn-cp∂p DØ-

cw \¬I-s∏-´-Xv. ssZh-Øn∂v Xs‚ Hcp ]pXs\ a\p-jy-P-∑-Øn-

eqsS P\n-∏n-°m≥ XnI®pw km[y-am-sW∂v ]pcm-X-\-Im-esØ P\-

ßƒ [cn-®n-cp-∂p. temI-Øns‚ ]e `mK-ß-fn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]mIr-

X-P-\-h¿§-ß-fn-se√mw Xs∂ CØ-c-Øn-ep-≈ Hcp hnizmkw hym]-

I-am-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ko°v CXn-lm-k-ß-fn¬ CØcw IY-Iƒ kpe-

`-am-Wv. lnµp ]pcm-W-ß-fnepw A]-Im-c-ap≈ IY-Iƒ H´pw Ipd-

h√. ssZh-ßƒ°v CjvS-ap-≈-bX ]pX-∑mcpw ]pXn-I-fp-ap≠mhmw

F∂ Ahÿ hmkvX-h-Øn¬ a\p-jys‚ bp‡n-t_m-[-Øn\p apºn¬

Kuc-h-amb sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ A°m-eØv Db¿Øn-bn-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬

apsºmcp Ime-Øp-an-√mØ hn[w a\p-jys‚ P\\]In-bsb kw_-

‘n®v hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ imkvX-Øn\v C∂v km[y-am-hpw. ssZh-Øn\v

"A£-cm¿∞-Øn-ep≈' AYhm ssZhn-I-amb ]pX-∑mcpw ]pXn-amcpw

D≠m-hpI F∂Xv km[y-am-sW∂v Nne¿ Ct∏mgpw hniz-kn-°p-∂p.

Cu hnizm-kw, ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sm≥ _p≤n-ap-´p≈ hfsc Kuc-h-amb

ka-ky-Ifpw DØcw In´m≥ ]bm-k-I-c-amb Hcp-]mSv tNmZy-ß-fp-ap-

b¿Øp-∂p. Aßs\ Cu ]iv\w hfsc k¶o¿Æ-amb H∂mbn amdp-

I-bm-Wv.


]nXr-Xz-Øns‚ imkvXo-bm-Sn-ÿm\w

Hcp a\p-jy-in-ip-hn\v P∑w \¬Ip∂ Imcy-Øn¬ am-Xm-hn\pw

]nXmhn\pw Xpey ]¶m-fn-Øz-ap≠v F∂ Imcyw Rm≥ BZy-ambn

DW¿Ø-s´. a\p-jys‚ tImi-Øn¬ (cell) 46 tIma-tkm-ap-I-fp-≠v.

B tIma-tkm-ap-I-fn-emWv a\p-jys‚ kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ hln-

°p∂ Poh-X-¥p-°ƒ AYhm Po\p (Gene) -Iƒ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv.

a\p-jyamXmhns‚ Afiw (ovum) 46¬ 23 tIma-tkm-ap-Iƒ amX-

amWv hln-°p-∂-Xv. CXv a\p-jy-cmb kvXo ]pcp-j-∑m-cpsS Hcp tImi-

Øn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ samØw tIma-tkm-ap-I-fpsS FÆ-Øns‚ (46)

t\¿ ]Ip-Xn-bm-Wv. amXm-hns‚ Afiw _oP-k-¶-e-\-Øn\v Xøm-dmbn

\n¬°p-tºmƒ tIma-tkm-ap-I-fpsS samØw FÆ-Øns‚ (46) adp-

]mXn (23 tImatkmw) ]pcp-js‚ _oPw (Sperm) BWv ]Zm\w

sNøp-∂-Xv. ]pcpj _oPw Afi-Øn¬ ]th-in-°p-Ibpw _oP-k-¶-

e\w \S-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXmWv ssZh-Øns‚ krjvSn-∏ns‚ cq]-

I¬]\. Cß-s\-b-√m-bn-cp∂psh¶n¬ AXm-bXv ]pcp-j-k-lm-b-an-

√msX kvXobpsS Afi-Ønse tImatkmw kzbw Xs∂ hnL-Sn®p

hf-cp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv Xe-apd tXmdpw Cc-´n-bmbn s]cp-Ip-am-bn-cp-

∂p. sXm´-SpØ Xe-ap-d-bn-te°v 46¬ \n∂pw 92 Bbn-´mhpw AXv hf-

cp-I. a\p-jy≥ DS≥ Xs∂ cm£-kob cq]w ]m]n-°p-Ibpw hf¿®-

bpsS F√m ]In-b-Ifpw XInSw adn-bp-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p. k¥-

Xn-Isf Dev]m-Zn-∏n-°m≥ ]Xyp-ev]mZI tImi-ß-fn¬ (Regenerativecells) ]P-\-\-L-´-Øn¬ Xs∂ tIma-tkm-ap-I-fpsS FÆw ]Ip-Xn-

bm°n sh®p-sIm≠v Pohn-I-fpsS AXn-Po-h\ ]Xn-`mkw ssZhw at\m-

l-c-ambn Ia-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw cq]-I-ev]\ \n¿∆-ln-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-

cn-°p-∂p. amXm-hns‚ Afiw 23 tIma-tkm-ap-Iƒ h-ln-°p-∂p. AXp-

t]mse ]nXm-hns‚ _oPhpw 23 tIma-tkm-ap-Iƒ hln-°p-∂p. AXp-

sIm≠v Hcp inip-hns‚ kz`m-h-k-hn-ti-j-X-Iƒ \n¿Æ-bn-°p∂ Po\p-

I-fn¬ ]IpXn FÆw ]pcp-j\pw ]IpXn kvXobp-amWv ]Zm\w sNøp-

∂Xv F∂v Hcmƒ°v \ymb-ambpw ]Xo-£n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. CXmWv

A£-cm¿∞-Øn-ep≈ ]pX≥ (ssPh k¥m-\w) F∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w.

"A£-cm¿∞-Øn-ep≈ ]pX≥' F∂-Xn\v CX-√msX as‰mcp \n¿∆-

N\w Hcp a\pjyin-ip-hns‚ P\-\Øn\pw \¬IpI km[y-a-√. Pohn-

Iƒ hnhn[ coXn-I-fn¬ ]Xyp¬]m-Z\w \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂p. F∂m¬ ta¬

hnh-cn® \nb-a-ßƒt°m XØz-ßƒt°m Hcn-°epw am‰-ap-≠m-In√

tbip-hns‚ P\-\-Øn¬ \mw i≤ tIµo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ Cu

]tXyI P-\-\-Øn¬ F¥mWv kw`-hn-®n-cn-°pI F∂-Xns\ kw_-

tbip-hns‚ ]pXXzw


‘n®p \ap°v Hcp cwKm-hn-jvImcw \SØn ]cn-tim-[n®p t\m°mw.

imkvXo-b-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bp∂ H∂m-asØ km[yX

CXm-Wv. tbip-hns‚ `qWw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v th≠n _oP-k-¶-

e\w \S-°p∂Xn∂v apºp≈ 23 tIma-tkm-ap-I-f-S-ßnb Afiw amXm-

hns‚ ]¶v F∂ \ne-bn¬ adnbw ]Zm\w sNøp-∂p. AX-ß-s\-bn-cn-

°s´. tNmZyw CXm-Wv. _oP-k-¶-e\w \S-°m-\m-h-iy-amb _m°n 23

tImatkmw FhnsS \n∂p h∂p? tbip-hns‚ tImi-ßƒ°v 23 tIma-

tkm-ap-Iƒ amXta D≠m-bn-cp-∂p≈q F∂v A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sm≥ km[y-

X-bn-√. AXm-bXv 45 tImatkmw Ds≠-¶n¬ t]mepw Hcp a\p-jy-in-

ip-hn\v Poh-t\msS P\n-°p-hm≥ km[y-a-√. a\pjy krjvSn-°m-h-iy-

amb 46 tIma-tkm-ap-I-fn¬ GsX-¶nepw H∂v Ipd-™p-t]m-bm¬ kwK-

Xn-bmsI Ipg™padn™v as‰-s¥-¶n-ep-am-bn-Øn-cn-b-em-bn-cn°pw ew.

imkvXo-b-ambn adn-b-an\v amXw 46 tIma-tkm-ap-Iƒ ]Zm\w sNøp-

hm≥ km[y-a-√. 23 tImatkmw Ign®v _m°n as‰-hnsS\ns∂-¶nepw

h∂n-´p-≠m-h-Ww.

ssZh-amWv tbip-hns‚ ]nXm-sh-¶n¬ AXv a‰p Nne km[y-X-

Iƒ°v°pSn hgn-sbm-cp-°p-∂p. H∂v, ssZh-Øn\pw a\p-jy\v D≈-Xp-

t]mep≈ tIma-tkm-ap -Iƒ Ds≠∂pw Cu tIma-tkm-ap -Iƒ

GsX-¶nepw hnt[\ adn-b-bpsS K¿`-]m-X-Øn-te°v am‰-s∏-ń-´p-≠m-h-

Ww F∂p-am-Wv. AXv Ahn-iz-k-\o-bhpw AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ-

Xp-am-Wv. ssZh-Øn\v a\p-jys‚ tIma-tkm-ap-Iƒ Ds≠-¶n¬ AXn-

\¿∞w At±-l-Øn\v (ssZ-h-Øn-\v) ssZh-am-bn-cn-°m≥ Ign-bn√

F∂XmWv. Npcp-°-Øn¬ tbip ssZh-Øns‚ "A£-cm¿∞-Øn-ep≈

]pX-\mWv' AY-hm ssPh ]pX-\mWv F∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬

]nXm-hns‚ ssZhXzw Ah-Xm-f-Øn-em-hp-I-bm-bn-cn°pw AXns‚

A\¥c êw.

c≠m-asØ km[yX ]Ir-Xy-Xo-X-amb ]Xn- m-k-Øn-eqsS ssZhw

Aev]w IqSp-X¬ tIma-tkm-ap-Iƒ krjvSn-®p-sh-∂-Xm-Wv. as‰mcp coXn-

bn¬ ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ B tIma-tkm-ap-Iƒ ssZhw F∂ hy‡n-

bn¬ \n∂pw h∂-X-√, ]t£, Ah A¤p-X-I-c-ambn krjvSn-°-s∏-´-

Xm-Ip∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw ]nXm-hmb ssZh-Øns‚ GI-

Pm-X-\mb ]pX≥ F∂ tbip-hns‚ ]Z-hn-bpsS \ntj-[-Øn-em-bn-cn°pw

CXv \sΩ \bn-°p-I. Cu \ntj-[-Øns‚ êambn ]]©w apgp-

h\pw hebw sNbvXn-cn -°p∂ ssZh-h-hp-am-bp≈ tbip-hns‚

kmam\y_‘w amXta ]n∂oSv \ne-\n¬°p-∂p≈q. F√m krjvS-h-

tbip-hns‚ ]pXXzw


kvXp-°ƒ°pw kjvSm-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w. AXp t]mse-bp≈ Hcp

_‘w amX-am-bn-cn°pw tbiphn\v ssZh-hp-am-bp-≠m-hp-I.

ssZh-Øn\v ssPh-]p-X≥ D≠m-hptam?

kv]jvS-amb sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ssZh-Øn\v ssPh-

]p-X≥ D≠m-hpI km[y-a-√. ImcWw ]pX\v ]IpXn ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw

]IpXn amXm-hn-s‚bpw tIma-tkm-ap-Iƒ e`n-®n-cn-°-Ww. At∏mƒ

as‰mcp ]iv\-ap-Zn-°p-∂Xv ]pX≥ ]IpXn ssZhhpw ]IpXn a\p-jy-

\p-am-bn-cn-°Ww F∂-Xm-Wv. ]t£ ssZh-Øns‚ "A£-cm¿∞-Øn-

ep≈ ]pX≥' F∂v tbip-hns\ ]‰n hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ tbip ]q¿W

a\p-jy\pw ]q¿W ssZh-hp-am-sW∂v hmZn-°p-Ibpw AXn¬ Du∂¬

\¬Ip-I-bp-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv.

]IpXn tImatkmw (23 FÆw) amXta Hcp inip P\n-°m≥

Bh-iy-ambn hcp-∂p≈p-sh-¶n¬ bmsXmcp ]iv\hpan√m-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£

Hcp iniphpw Aßs\ P\n-°p-∂n-√. C\n Aßs\ Xs∂ kw`-hn-®p-

sh∂v Icp-Xp-I. F∂m¬ B inip ]IpXn a\p-jy-\m-bn-´m-bn-cn°pw

D≠m-hp -I. ChnsS \jvS -s∏´ Ccp -] -Øn-aq∂v tIma-tkm-ap -

Isf°pdn®pff ]cm-a¿iw AhnsS \n¬°-s´, Hcp tIma-tkm-anse

GsX¶n-ep-samcp Po\n∂v t]mepw XI-cmdv kw`-hn-®m¬ AXv in-ip-

hn¬ hºn® P∑-PmX sshI-ey-ßƒ krjv-Sn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. B inip

A‘t\m AwK-ssh-I-ey-ap-≈-ht\m _[n-ct\m aq-It\m Bbn-

Øo¿t∂-°mw. AØ-c-Øn-semcp Zpc¥w kw`-hn-°p-IbmsW¶n¬

AXns‚ A\-¥c `hnjyØp-Iƒ FÆn-bm-sem-Sp-ßmØXmbn-cn-°pw.

AXm-bXv ssZhw a\p-jy-s‚tbm at‰-sX-¶nepw hn[-Øn-ep≈tXm Bb

tIma-tkmw hln-°p∂p F∂p k¶¬∏n-°m≥ km[y-am-hp-I-bn-√.

Cusbmcp Imcy-sØ-∏‰n GsXm-cmƒ°pw bmYm¿∞y-t_m-[-ap-≠m-th-

≠-Xp-≠v.

AXp-sIm≠v ssZh-Øns‚ hy‡n-Xz-]-chpw Imbn-I-hp-amb _oP

Zm\w F∂Xv \ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. a\p-jy-kz-`m-h-Ønepw KpW-Øn-ep-

ap≈ Po\p-Iƒ amXw Bhln® adn-b-ans‚ Afi-tIm-i-Øn¬ \n∂pw

Hcp ]pX≥ P\n-s®-¶n¬ B inip F¥p-Xs∂ bmbmepw icn Xo¿®-

bmbpw Ah≥ ssZh-Øns‚ ]pX-\m-W∂v ]d-bm≥ km[y-a-√. IqSn

h∂m¬ \nßƒ°v hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bpI A¿≤ a\p-jy≥ F∂

\ne°v AXv ]Ir-Xn-bpsS hnNn-X-amb Hcp ]Xn-`m-k-a-√msX as‰m-

∂p-a√ F∂m-Wv. adn-b-ans‚ ]Xyp¬∏m-Z-\-mh-b-h-ßƒ a\pjy

kvXoIfp-tSXv t]mse-bm-sW∂pw Fß-s\tbm AXn¬ sh®v kzbw

tbip-hns‚ ]pXXzw


Xs∂ _oP-k-¶-e-\w \S∂p F∂pw Icp-Xp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Xs∂

Hcmƒ°v ]c-am-h[n ]Xo-£n-°m≥ Ign-bpI ]IpXn a\p-jy-\mb

Ft¥m Hcp krjvSn F∂v amX-am-Wv. B Ft¥m Hcp krjvSnsb

"ssZh-]p-X-\m-sW∂v' hnfn-°p-∂Xv G‰hpw \nµm-I-c-am-Wv.

]ns∂-sb-ß-s\-bmWv InkvXp P\n-®Xv? ]pcp-js‚ ]¶m-fn-Ø-

an-√msX amXm-hn\v amXw Fßs\ Hcp Ip™n\v P∑w \¬Im≥

Ignbpw F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ hnI-knX cmPy-ß-fn¬ Kth-j-W-ßƒ \S∂p

sIm≠n-cn-°-bm-sW∂ Imcyw \ap-°-dn-bmw-. ]t£ CXphsc I\y-Im-

]-k-hsØ kw_-‘n®v A\n-tj-[yhpw kp\n-›n-X-hp-amb Hcp sXfnhv

a\p-jy-bp-‡n°v e`y-am-bn-ń-√. AXm-bXv CXp-h-sc-bp≈ imkvXob

Kth-j-W-ßƒ Cu hnXm-\-Øn-te°v ]ptcm-K-an-®n-ń-√. F∂n-cp-∂mepw

AXn-\p≈ F√m km[y-X-Ifpw Xpd∂p InS-°p-∂p.

Xmgv∂ Pohn-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ c≠v hn[-Øn-ep≈ ]Xyp¬∏m-ZI

]Xn-`m-k-ßƒ imkvXo-b-ambn kpÿm-]n-X-am-Wv. ]m¿s∞t\msP-

\-knkv (Parthenogenesis) Dw D`-b-enw-K-Xzhp-am-Wv (Hermaphrodit-ism) Ah.

adnbw tbip-hns\ A¤p-X-I-c-amb coXn-bn¬ ]k-hn-®Xv CXp-

t]m-se-bp≈ ]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-a-\p-k-cn-®p≈ coXn-bn-eq-sS-bm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v

Icp-Xm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ AXv XnI®pw hnc-f-amb Hcp ]Xn-`m-k-

am-bn-cn-°mw. AXns‚ kq£va-amb a‰p-h-i-ßƒ Ct∏m-gpw a\p-jy\p

]q¿Æ-ambpw a\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-®n- n-√. ChnsS hmb-\-°m-c\v th≠n

]m¿∞-t\m-sP-\-kn-kn-s\-∏‰nbpw, D`-benw-K-Xz-sØ-∏-‰nbpw lkz-am-

sbmcp hnh-cWw \¬In-bn-´p-≠v. hmb-\-°m¿°v CXpkw_-‘n®v

imkvXo-b-ambn IqSp-X¬ Adn-bm≥ Cu ]pkvX-I-Øns‚ A\p-_‘w

II t\m°p-I.

D -b-enw-KXzw (Hermaphroditism)

Hcp s]ïco-c-Øn¬ Xs∂ ]pcpj-t‚bpw kvXobptSbpw enwKm-

h-b-h-ßfpw B¨ s]¨ tIma-tkm-ap-Ifpw hln-°p-∂-Xn\v kmt¶-

Xn-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ]Z-amWv D`-b-enw-KXzw (Hermaphroditism)F∂-Xv. D`-b-enw-K-Po-hn-I-fmb Nne apb-ep-Iƒ Hcp L´-Øn¬ a‰v

s]äp-b-ep-I-fmbn CW-tN-cp-Ibpw BWpw s]Æp-ambn 250-e-[nIw

apb-ep-Isf ]k-hn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. as‰mcp L -Øn¬ CW-bn-√msX

B apbens\ H‰-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-t∏mgpw B¨ s]¨ h¿§-Øn-ep≈ Ggv

Btcm-Ky-ap≈ Ip™p-ßƒ°v P∑w \¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn. B apb-ens‚

arX-tZlw Iodn ]cn-tim-[n-®-t∏mƒ AXv K¿`n-Wn-bmb Ah-ÿ-bn-em-

tbip-hns‚ ]pXXzw


bn-cp-∂p. ]h¿Ø-\-£-a-amb c≠v Afim-i-b-ßfpw (Ovary)]h¿Ø-\-£-a-a-√mØ c≠v hrj-W-ßfpw (testis) B apb-en¬

ImW-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. AØcw ]Xn-`m-k-ßƒ a\p-jy-cnepw km[y-

am-sW∂v ASpØ ImesØ ]T-\-ßƒ Nq≠n-°m-´p∂p.

]m¿∞-t\m-sP-\-knkv (Parthenogenesis)]pcpj ]¶m-fn-bpsS klm-b-an-√msX kvXobpsS Afiw

Asse-wKn-I-ambn ( Asexual) Hcp inip-hmbn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-s\-

bmWv ]m¿∞t\msP\-knkv F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. B]nUv (Aphids)*(ap-™), a’yw F∂o Xmgv∂ Xcw Pohn-I-fn¬ Cu ]Xn-`mkw

\nco-£n-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. hfsc Ipd-™Xpw A]-h-Nn-X-hp-ambn ag e`n-

°p∂ kml-N-cy-ß-fn¬ Pohn-°p∂ ]√n-I-fn¬ ]m¿∞-t\m-sP-\-knkv

hn-P-b-I-c-amb Hcp AXn-Po-h\ X¥-am-sW∂v sXfn-bn-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v.-

Hcp ]co£W-im-e-bnse Ir-Xna ]cn-X-xÿn-Xn-bn¬ Fen-bp-sSbpw

apb-en-s‚bpw `qW-ßƒ K¿`-Im-e-b-f-hns‚ ]Ip-Xn-L´w hsc

]m¿∞-t\m-sP-\knkv hgn hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ]t£

AXn-\p-tijw AXv Ae-kn-t∏m-hp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. Im¬’yw Ab-

tWm-t^m¿ (calcium ionophore) Hcp cmk-Xz-c-I-ambn (catalyst)D]tbm-Kn-®p-sIm≠v ]m¿∞-t\m-sP-\-knkv hgn a\p-jy-`qWw Nne-

t∏mƒ ]h¿Ø-\-£-a-am-°m\p≈ km[y-X-sb∏‰n Cub-Sp-Ø-Im-

eØv Nne Kth-j-W-ßƒ \S-∂n-´p-≠v. a\p--jy-kvXo-bnse K¿`[m-c-

W-Øns‚ BZy-L-´-Ønse Nne K¿`-On-Z-ßƒ ]m¿∞-t\m-sP-\-kn-

kn-eqsS ]h¿Ø-\-£-a-amb `qW-ß-fm-bn-cn-°m≥ km[y-X-bp-s≠∂

hkvXpX CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Kth-j-W-ßƒ Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂p.

Cub-Sp-Ø-Im-eØv \S∂ Hcp ]co£WKth-j-W-Øn¬

I\yIm ]k-h-km-[yX imkvXo-b-ambn sXfn-bn-°-s∏-ń-´p≠v 1995

HIvtSm-_¿ Nature Genetics-se dnt∏m¿ń¬ aq∂p hb- p-Im-c-\mb

Hcp Ipń-bpsS ico-c-Øns‚ Hcp `mKw _oP-k-¶-e\w \S°mØ

AWvU-Øn¬ \n∂pw hf¿∂p-h-∂- kp]-[m-\-amb Hcp kw`hw N¿®

sNøp-∂p-≠v. Kth-j-I-∑m¿ Ipń-bpsS c‡-Øn-epw Xz°n-ep-ap≈ X

tIma-tkm-anse DNA hn\ymkw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. Ahs‚

tImi-Øn-ep≈ X tIma-tkm-ap-I-sf√mw ]c-kv]cw X’-a-b-ß-fm-

bn-cp-∂p. AsX√mw Xs∂ Ahs‚ AΩ-bn¬ \n∂pw e`n-®-Xm-bn-cp-

∂p. AXp-t]mse Ahs‚ c‡-Ønse a‰p 22 tImatkmw tPmSn-

tbip-hns‚ ]pXXzw

*B]nUv (ap-™) slan-]vs‰d hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏-Sp∂ Hcp Xcw jUv]-Z-amWv.ap™ AYhm B]nUv kky-ß-fpsS X≠v IpØn-Øp-f®v \ocv Du‰n-°p-Sn-°p∂ CuPohnsb X≠v Xpc-∏≥ F∂p hnfn-°m-dp≠v (hnh:)


Ifpw X’-a-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu tImatkmw tPmSn-bnse Hmtcm

AwKhpw Ahs‚ amXm-hn¬ \n∂papf-f-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

F¥mWv A¤p-X-ßƒ?

I\yIm-]-k-hhpw hnim-e-amb Hcp km[y-X-bm-Wv. AsXm-cn-°epw

Akm-[ytam ]IrXn \nb-a-Øn-s\-Xntcm A√. tb-ip-hns‚ P\-\-

sØ∏‰n ]IrXn \nb-a-ßƒ°-Xo-X-amb Hcp hni-Zo-I-cWw tXtS≠

Bh-iy-sa-hn-sS-bmWv? AXn-\p-a-∏pdw AXn-cp-I-hn™ \ne-bn¬ ssZhw

a\p-jy-kvXo-bn-eqsS Xs‚ ssPh-k-¥m-\-Øn\v P∑w \¬In F∂v

hniz-kn-t°≠ Bh-iy-I-X-sb¥v? \m\m-hn-[-ßfmb Cu ]Xn-`m-

kßsf√mw Xs∂ ]Ir-Xn-bn¬ kw`-hn-°p∂ hkvXp-X-I-fm-sW∂v

\nco-£n-°-s∏-´n-´p-s≠-∂n-cn-s°, ssZ-h-Øns‚ ]tXy-I-am-sbmcp cq]-

I¬]\ F∂ \ne°v Npcp-f-gn-bmØ Hcp ]IrXn ]Xn- m-k-ambn tbip-

hns‚ P\-\-sØ∏‰n hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xn¬ F¥p≠v ]bmkw? ]pcpj

kv]¿i-ta¬°msX Akm-[m-c-Wamb coXn-bn¬ K¿`-[m-cWw \S∂

Ft¥m Hcp ]IrXn ]Xn-`mkw adn-b-an¬ ]h¿-Øn-®p-≠v. bYm¿∞-

Øn¬ CXp Xs∂-bmWv kw`-hn-®-sX-∂mWv AlvaZn apkvenw-I-fpsS

hnizm-kw. Rß-fpsS hmZw AN©e-am-Wv. ImcWw Hcp imkvX-

⁄∂pw AXv Akw-_-‘-am-sW∂v ]d™v \nc-kn-°mt\m ]Ir-

XnbpsS Adn-b-s∏´ \nba-ßƒ°v FXn-cm-sW∂v ]d-™p X≈n°-f-

bmt\m km[y-a-√.

Ckvemw A¤p-X-ßsf (Miracles) ]Ir-Xn°v hncp-≤-amb kw`-

h-ßƒ F∂ \ne-°√ ImWp-∂-Xv. AØcw A¤p-X-ßƒ kw`-hn-®n-

´p-s≠-¶n¬ A°m-esØ a\p-jy-hn-⁄m-\-Øn\v AXv hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-

\m-bn√ F∂v amXw. ]IrXn \nb-a-Øn\v hncp-≤-am-bXv kw`-hn-°p-I-

bm-sW-¶n¬ ssZh-Øns‚ al-XzsØ kw_‘n®v [mcmfw tNmZy-ßƒ

AXv Db¿Øn-s°m≠p hcp-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]Ir-Xn-\nbaw ssZhw kzbw

D≠m-°n-b-Xm-sW-¶n¬ AXv ewLn-°msX Xs∂ ]iv\-ßƒ ]cn-l-

cn-°m-\p≈ G¿∏m-Sp-Iƒ Ah≥ sNbvXn-´p-≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww.

F√m \nb-a-ßfpw a\p-jy\v Adn-bn-√. ]IrXn \nb-a-ßƒ ]e

hn[-Ønepw ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. Ah ]e hnXm-\-Ønepw \ne-I-fn-ep-ap-

≈-Xm-Wv. Nne-t∏mƒ Ah-bpsS Hcp Xew amXta a\p-jy\v Adn-bm≥

km[y-amhq. AXn--\∏pdw Nqgv∂p-t\m-°m≥ a\p-jy\v km[y-a√. Imew

Ign-bp-∂X-\p-k-cn®v a\p-jys‚ hn⁄m\w h¿≤n-°p-∂p. AtXm-sSm∏w

CXphsc Ah\v Kln-°m≥ Ign-™n- n-√mØ ]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ß-fn-te°v

IqSp-X¬ Bgv∂n-d-ßp-Ibpw \nco-£n-°m-\p≈ IqSp-X¬ Ign-hp-Iƒ

tbip-hns‚ ]pXXzw


B¿Pn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. imkvX-]p-tcm-K-Xn-bpsS as‰mcp Ime-L-´-

Øn¬ AØcw \nb-a-ß-fpsS \m\m-hn[ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-sf-∏‰n IqSp-

X¬ Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-∂p. B \nb-a-ß-fpsS ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ imkvXw

\√-Xp-t]mse Kln-°p∂p F∂p-am-X-a√ a‰p \nb-a-ß-fp-ambn AXv

Fßs\ ]Xn-]h¿Øn°p∂p F∂v a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

]gb ImeØv A¤p-X-ß-fmbn Icp-Xnb AØcw Imcy-ßƒ

]n∂oSv Zo¿L-Imew A¤p-X-ß-fmbn \ne-\n-∂n-√. A¤p-X-ßƒ F∂Xv

\n›n-X-Im-esØ a\p-jy-hn-⁄m-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. ssZh-

Øns‚ Akm-[m-c-W-amb Hcp ]Xn-`mkw ]I-Sn-X-am-hp-tºmƒ ]Xy-

£-Øn¬ Hcp ]IrXn \nbaw ewLn-°-s∏-´-Xmbn tXm∂pw. hmkvX-h-

Øn¬ AXv ]IrXn \nb-a-Øn\v hncp-≤tam AXns‚ ewL-\tam A√.

B ]Xn-`mkw ]I-Sn-X-am-°nb \nbaw Kp]vX-cq-]-Øn¬ AhnsS D≠m-

bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ B⁄ hs∂-Øn-b-t∏mƒ AXv ]mh¿Øn-I-

ambn F∂v amXw. B Ime-Øp≈ P\-X°v B \nbaw F¥m-sW∂v

a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ah¿°v AXn-t∑¬ bmsXmcp \nb-

-¥-W-hp-an-√m-bn-cp-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v GXm\pw kl-km-_vZ-ßƒ°v

apºv Im¥-i-‡n-sb-°p-dn®v a\p-jy\v Adn-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Bsc-¶nepw

At∏mƒ Im¥w bmZr-›n-I-ambn Is≠-Øp-Ibpw, \·-Zr-jvSn°v

ImWm≥ Ign-bp∂ Ah-ew-_-ß-sfm∂p-an-√msX hkvXp-°ƒ s]mßn

\n¬°p-∂ coXn-bn¬ Hcp hnZy Is≠-Øn sb∂pancn-°-s´. Cu hnZy

ImWp-tºmƒ CXm "A¤pXw!' km[n-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂p ]d™p a‰p-

≈-hsc AXn-i-bn-∏n-°mam-bn-cp∂p. C°m-eØv s]mXpth AØcw

hnZy-Iƒ \n m-chpw k¿∆-km-[m-c-W-hp-ambn KWn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. AXp-

sIm≠v AXv A¤p-X-ambn KWn-°p-∂n-√. a\p-jys‚ PvRm\w ]cn-an-

X-am-Wv. F∂m¬ ssZh-⁄m\w A]-cn-an -X-am-Wv. Hcp \nbaw

]mh¿Øn-I-am-hpI-bpw, a\p-jys‚ Adn-hn∂v AXv ]nSn-In-´m-Ø-Xm-

hp-Ibpw sNøp-tºmƒ B ]Xn-`mkw Hcp-A-¤p-X-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-°-

s∏-Sp-∂p. qX-Im-em-\p-`hw sh®v t\m°p-tºmƒ ]IrXn \nb-a-ßƒ°v

AXo-X-sa∂v A°m-esØ a\p-jy¿ Icp-Xn-bn-cp∂ ]e Imcy-ßfpw

Ah¿°v ]q¿W-ambpw Kln-°m≥ Ign-bmØ ]Ir-Xn-\n-b-aßƒ Xs∂-

bmbncp∂p-sh∂v ]n¬°m-eØv a\p-jy\v hn⁄m\w e`n-®-t∏mƒ

t_m[y-am-bn-´p-≠v. ]nXm-hns‚ klm-b-an-√msX amXmhn¬ \n∂p amX-

ambn P\\w kw -hn-°p-∂, ]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-amb Hcp ]Xn-

`mkw tbip-hns‚ P\-\-Øn¬ kw`-hn-®n-cn-°-W-sa-∂Xv \mw ]d-bp-

∂Xv AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv. A°m-esØ P\-ßƒ°v Cu ]Xn-`m-k-Øns‚

]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ß-sf-°p-dn-s®m-∂p-a-dn-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. B[p-\n-I-Im-eØv

tbip-hns‚ ]pXXzw


t]mepw Cu ]Xn- mkw Fßs\ kw -hn-°p∂p F∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n ]q¿W-

⁄m\w ssIh-∂n-ń-√. imkvXw B Zni-bn-te°v IpXn-°p-Ibpw

IqSp-X¬ Imcyßƒ a\- n-em-°n-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. tbip-

hns‚ P\\w ]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ßƒ°-Xo-X-amb Hcp ]Xn-`m-k-am-sW∂v

B¿°pw hmZn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ hn[w Hcp Imew kam-K-X-am-tb-°mw.

At∏mƒ hfsc A]q¿h-ambn kw`-hn-°p∂ Hcp ]IrXn ]Xn-`mkw

Xs∂-bmWv tbip-hns‚ P\\w F∂v kΩ-Xn-t°≠n hcpw. a\pjy\v

A]-cn-Nn-X-amb AXy-]q¿∆ kw`-hw.

tbip ssZh-Øns‚ ]pXt\m?

tbipInkvXp-hns\ w_-‘n® Inkv-Xym-\nI-fpsS [mc-W-bn¬

A-t±-l-Øns‚ ]Ir-Xn, ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ _‘w apX-emb a‰p ]e

]iv\-ßfpw A¥-¿`hn-®n-´p-≠v. InkvXob kn≤m-¥-ßƒ hna¿i-\m-

fl-I-ambn A]-K-Y\w sNbvXp ]Tn°p-tºmƒ Hcp ]cn-]q¿Æ a\p-jy-

s‚bpw ]cn-]q¿Æ ssZh-Øn-s‚bpw khn-tij KpW-ßƒ Dƒs°m-

≈p∂ Hcp "ssZh-]p-X\mWv' Dcp-Øn-cn™p h-cp-∂-Xv. InkvXym-\n-I-

fpsS kn≤m¥]Im-c-am-bm¬ t]mepw ]nXmhv Hcn-°epw ]pX\p Xpey-

\m-Ip-∂n-√. ]nXm-hmb ssZhw kºq¿W-\mb ssZh-am-Wv, ]t£,

kºq¿W-\mb a\p-jy-\-√. F∂m¬ ]pX≥ kºq¿W-\mb ssZhhpw

kºq¿W-\mb a\p-jy]pX\pw IqSn-bmWv F∂ hkvXpX \mw

Hm¿t°-≠-Xp-≠v. c≠v hyXykvX kz`m-h-Kp-WßtfmSp Iq-Snb c≠v

hyXykvX hy‡n-Xz-ß-fmWv Ch¿ c≠p-t]cpw

Cu kz`mh KpW-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw am‰m≥ km≤y-a-√ F∂v a\-

n-em-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Nne Zhy-ßfpsS KpW-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw am‰m≥

km[n-°pw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v kØ-bnepw AXns‚ cmkkwtbm-K-

Ønepw am‰w hcmsX Pe-Øn\v sFkm-Im\pw Pe-_m-jv]-am-Im\pw

km[n-°pw. F∂m¬ tbip-hns‚bpw ssZh-Øns‚bpw KpW-ß-fn¬

hyXymkß-fp≠v. Ah-cn¬ Hcm-fpsS KpW-ßfn¬ Nn-eXp IqSp-X¬

Iq-ń-t®¿°s∏ń-´p-≠v. Ah ]c-kv]cw tNcp-I-bn-√. H∂p as‰m-∂mbn

cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sm\pw km[y-a-√. H∂p as‰m-∂n¬ \n∂pw XnI®pw hyXn-

cn-‡-ambn \n¬°p-∂p. as‰mcp Kpcp-X-c-amb ]iv\w IqSn-bp-≠v. tbip

]cn-]q¿W a\p-jy≥ F∂ t]mse ]cn-]q¿W ssZh-hpambncpt∂m?

]cn-]q¿W a\p-jy-\m-ImØ ]nXmhmb ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂pw At±lw

XnI®pw hn`n-∂-\mWv. ]nXm-hmb ssZhw ]cn-]q¿Æ a\p-jy≥ t]mbn v

A]q¿W a\p -jy≥ t]mep -am -bn -ń -√. CsX¥v Xc-Øn -ep -≈-

tbip-hns‚ ]pXXzw


_-‘ambncp∂p F∂v a\- n-em-hp-∂n√! ]pX≥ ]nXm-hn-t\-°mƒ hen-

b-h-\m-bn-cpt∂m? Cu A[nI KpWw ]pXs\ ]nXm-hn-t\-°mƒ D∂-

X-\m-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ ]ns∂ AsXmcp \yq\KpW-am-bn-cn -°-Ww.

Aßs\bmsW-¶n¬ \yq\-Kp-W-ap≈ ]pX-ssZhw Inkv Xym-\n-IfpsS

AhImi-hm-Z-Øn-s\-Xn-cm-sW∂v amX-a√ ssZhsØ∏-‰n-bp≈ k¿∆mw-

Ko-Ir-X-amb [mc-W-Iƒs°Xn-cmbncn°p-Ibpw sNøpw. ssZhw

bmsXmcp G‰-°p-d-®n-ep-Ifpw hyXym-k-hp-an-√msX H∂n¬ aq∂m-

sW∂pw (Three in one) aq∂n¬ H∂m-sW∂pw (One in three)InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. \mw hniz-kn-°-W-sa∂v ]d-bp∂

InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Cu sshcp-≤ym-fl-I- kn≤m-¥w Hcmƒs°-ßs\

Dƒs°m-≈m-\m-hpw? Cßs\ kw`-hn-°p-∂Xv, kXy-k-‘-amb hkvXp-

X-Iƒ°v ]Icw anYy-mk-¶-ev]-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hnizmkw

sI´n-∏Sp--Ø-Xp-sIm-≠mWv.

]cn-l-cn-°s∏-tS≠ as‰mcp ]iv\w, ssZh-Øns‚ ]pX-\mb

tbip adn-b-Øns‚ K¿ -]m-XØn¬ \n∂pw P\n-®-Xp-sIm-≠mWv ssZh-

]p-X-\m-b-sX-¶n¬ AXn\p apºv At±--l-Øns‚ Ah-ÿ-sb-¥m-bn-

cp∂p? adn-b-Øns‚ DZ-c-Øn-eq-sS-bp≈ P\\an-√msX Xs∂ At±lw

ssZh-Øns‚ A\-iz-c\mb ]pX-\m-bncp-∂psh-¶n¬ F¥psIm≠v At±-

l-Øn\v a\p-jy-cq]-Øn¬ P\vaw \¬tI≠n-h-∂p? \iz-cX F∂Xv

]pX-\p≈ KpW-Øn\v Bh-iy-ambncps∂-¶n¬ B KpWw At±lw

a\p-jy-\mbn P\n-®-Xn\v tijw e`n® A[nI KpW-am-bn-cn-°pw.

At±lw icocw Dt]-£n®v kz¿-§-Øn-te°v Ib-dn-t∏m-b-t∏mƒ ]pX≥

F∂ B KpWhpw A]Xy£-am-bn- p-≠mI-W-a-t√m. a\p-jys‚ kmam-

\y-bp‡n \ncm-I-cn-°p∂ Cu hnizmkw \nc-h[n k¶o¿W-X-I-fp-

b¿Øp-∂p. tbip-hns‚ P\-\-sØ-∏‰n Ipd®p IqSn BZ-c-Wo-bhpw

kXy-k-‘-hpamb Hcp ho£Ww kzoI-cn-°-W-sa∂ Imcy-Øn-te°v

Rm≥ \nß-fpsS i≤ £Wn-°p-I-bm-Wv. AXm-bXv ]Xy-£-Øn¬

Hfn™p InS-°p∂ Nne ]IrXn \nb-a-ßfpsS ]h¿Ø-\-^-e-ambn

]tXy-I-amb Hcp krjvSn ]In-b-bn-eq-sSbmWv tbip-hn\v ssZhw

P∑w \¬In-b-Xv. tbip ssZh-Øns‚ Be-¶m-cn-I-ambn amX-ap≈ ]pX-

\m-Wv. ssZhw At±-lsØ ]tXy-I-ambn kvt\ln-®p. ]t£,

At±lw F√mw sIm≠pw Hcp a\p-jy≥ amX-am-bn-cp-∂p. tbip-hns\

CXnlm-k-cq]n-bm-°m≥ ]pX]Zhn aq∂qdv sIm√-Øn-\p-tijw At±-

l-Øn¬ Iq´n-t®¿°s∏´-Xm-Wv. Cu hnjbw ]n∂oSv N¿® sNømw.

tbip-hns‚ ]pXXzw


]nXm-hmb ssZhhpw adn-bapw XΩn-ep≈ sshhm-lnI _‘-

sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ ]iv\-amWv as‰m-∂v. CXv ]®-bmbn N¿® sNøm≥

Bfp-Iƒ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. F¶nepw ]nXmhpw ]pX\pw XΩn-ep≈

_‘-Øn¬ CS-bm-fmbn h¿Øn® adn-bans‚ ]¶ns\∏‰n-bp≈ N¿®

Hgn-hm-°-s∏-Sm-\m-hm-Ø-Xm-Wv. AXm-bXv Cu hnjbw A\n-hm-cy-amb

Hcp Xn∑bmWv. Hcp ]t£ CtX ]iv\w Xs∂-bmWv sÛ-dn°v

\osjsb Atem-k-c-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. At±lw Cu hnj-b-Øn¬

X∂n¬ Dd™p IqSnb AXr]vXn Xmsg Fgp-Xnb hm°p-I-fn-eqsS

]I-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. sÛ-dnIv \osj Xs‚ 'Thus SpokeNarathustra' (k-c-Xp-kv-X-bpsS hN-\-ßƒ) F∂ hnhmZ ]pkvX-I-

Øn¬ F-gp-Xp-I-bmWv :

""B`n-Nm-c-Is‚ taml-h-e-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw tamNn-X-\mbn A[nIw

Ign-bp-∂-Xn\v apºv kc-XpkvX Ahs‚ hgn-tbm-cØv Btcm Hcmƒ

Ccn-°p-∂-Xmbn I≠p. Zo¿L-Im-b-\mb a\p-jy≥. hnh¿Whpw hnf-

dnbXpamb hZ-\-ap≈ Cu a\p-jys‚ Z¿i\w Xs∂ kc-Xp-kvX-

bn¬ Atcm-N-IØ-ap-f-hm-°n. At±lw Bfl-K-Xw sNbvXp. "Btlm,

thj]—-∂amb ZpcnXw t]mse Hcph\nX, Ccn-°p-∂p. ]ptcm-lnX

h¿K-Øn¬s∏´ Hcp-h-\m-sW∂v tXm∂p-∂p. Fs‚ kmam-Py-Øn¬

Ch-s\¥v Imcyw?'.............

"A√tbm k©m-co, Xm¶ƒ Bcm-bm-se¥v' Abmƒ kc-Xp-

kvX-tbmSv ]d-™p. "hgn sX‰n-t∏mb Cu hr≤ bmXn-Is\ klm-

bn-°q'. Zpcn-X-a-\p-`-hn-°m-\mWv Rm\n-hnsS h∂-Xv. Cu temIw

F\n°v A]-cn-Nn-Xhpw hnZq-c-ÿ-hp-am-Wv. h\y-Po-hn-I-fpsS apcƒ®

Rm≥ tIƒ°p∂p. kzbw Xs∂ Fs∂ kwc£n-°m≥ apXn-cp∂

Hcp-ht\bpw ChnsS Rm≥ ImWp-∂n-√. GIm-¥-\mbn h\-Øn¬

hkn-°p∂ Ah-km-\sØ Znhy-s\, ]cn-ip-≤s\, ]cn-hm-P-Is\ Xnc-

bp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Rm≥. C∂v temIw Adn-bp-∂-sXm∂pw Abmƒ

tIń-cn-°m-\n-S-bn√.

""C∂v temIw apgp-h\pw Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Imcy-sa¥v?' kc-

XpkvX AbmtfmSv tNmZn-®p. "CXv Hcp ]s£ temIw apgp-h≥ Hcn-

°¬ hniz-kn-®n-cp∂ B hr≤-\mb ssZhw acn-®p-t]mbn F∂ Imcy-

am-bn-cn-°pw.' kc-XpkvX Bfl-KXw sNbvXp.

""AsX, AXv icn-bm-bn-cn°mw. hnjm-Zm-fl-I-ambn B hr≤≥

]d-™p. Rm≥ hr≤-\mb B ssZhsØ Ah-km\ \nanjw hsc

tkhn®ncp∂p.

tbip-hns‚ ]pXXzw


""Ct∏mƒ Rm≥ Fs‚ DtZym-K-Øn¬ \n∂pw hnc-an-®n-cn-°p∂p.

bP-am-\-\n-s√-¶nepw C∂v Rm≥ kzX-¥-\-√. Hm¿Ω-I-f-√msX a[p-

cn-°p∂ bmsXm∂pw Fs‚-Xm-bn-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Rm\o ae

Ib-dn-h-∂-Xv. t]mt∏m ]mXn-cntbm A`n-jn-‡-\m-Ip-∂Xv t]mse

Rm≥ Ah-km-\sØ BtLm-j-ßƒ°mbn h∂p tN¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p.

Adn-bp-I, Rm≥ Ah-km-\sØ t]m∏mWv! hnip≤ kvac-W-I-fp-

sSbpw Znhy-ip-iq-j-bp-tS-Xp-am-bn-cn°pw B BtLm-jw.'

""F∂m¬ t\m°p, B hnip-≤\pw acn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. B ]c-a-km-

XznI≥ h\m-¥-cØn¬ sh®p Ah-s‚ ssZhsØ \nc-¥cw hmgvØn-

∏m-SpIbpw at¥m-®m-c-Ww \n¿∆-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

""Rm≥ Ahs‚ ]¿Æ»me I≠p. F∂m¬ Ah≥ Ahn-sS-bn-

√m-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£ Rm≥ AhnsS c≠p sN∂m-bv°sf I≠p. Ah¿

Ahs‚ ac-W-Øn¬ Zp:Jn®p tamßp-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F√m arK-

ßfpw Ahs\ kvt\ln-®n-cp-∂p. Rm\pw AhnsS \n∂pw HmSn-t∏m∂p.

""Cu Im´n-te°pw ae-bn-te°pw Rm≥ t]mbXv hrYm-hn-emtbm?

]n∂oSv Fs‚ lrZbw as‰mcp hnip-≤s\ tXSm≥ Xocp-am-\n-®p.

ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°mØ ]ca kmXzn-I-\m-b Hcp-hs\, AsX, kc-

Xp-kvXsb!

C]-Imcw ]d™p "Xs‚ ap∂n¬ \n¬°p∂ kcXp-kvXsb

hr≤≥ Xo£vW-ambn t\m°n. kc-Xp-kvX Xs‚ ap∂n-en-cn-°p∂

hr≤-\mb t]m∏n-s‚ Icw- K-ln®v Zo¿L-t\cw [ym\-\n-a-·-\mbn.

""t\m°q, CXm _lp-am-\nX\mb Hcp-h≥. Fs¥mcp \o≠ kpµ-c-

amb Ic-ßƒ! kZm-k-a-bhpw A\p-K-l-ßƒ sNmcn-™ Xncp-

lkvXßƒ! Ct∏mƒ \o tXSn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-hs‚ Icß-fmWv ]nSn-

®n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Fs∂ AsX kc-Xp-kvXsb Xs∂. "AXv Rm\m-Wv,

ssZh-an-√mØ kc-XpkvX. AtX, Rm≥ ]d-bp∂p: "Ahs‚ hN-\-

ßƒ sIm≠v BÀmZNnØ-\mhp∂ Fs∂-°mƒ henb ssZh-an-√m-

Ø-h≥ Bcp≠v?' C]-Imcw kc-XpkvX ]d-™p. t]m∏n\p t\sc

XojvW-amb t\m´-a-b-®p. t]m∏ns‚ Nn¥-I-sfm-gn-™p. Abmƒ ]d-

bm≥ XpS-ßn.

""Ah-s\ AKm-[-ambn kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw lrZ-b-Øn¬ sIm≠p-

\S-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-hs‚ \jvS-amWv henb \jvSw. t\m°q, \Ωn¬

c≠p-t]-cn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ ssZh-an-√m-Ø-h≥ Rm≥ Xs∂-bt√?

]t£ B¿°mWv AXn¬ BÀm-Zn-°m≥ Ign-bpI'?!

tbip-hns‚ ]pXXzw


""\o Ahs\ A¥y-\n-anjw hsc tkhn®p. AKm-[-amb Hcp

\n»-_vZ-Xsb t`Zn®p ho≠pw kc-XpkvX samgn-™p. "Ah≥

Fßs\ acn-®p-sh∂p \n\-°-dn-bmtam'? ImcpWyw Ahs\ IgpØp

sRcn-®p-sIm∂p F∂v Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂Xp icn-bmtWm?

""a\p-jy≥ Ipcn-in¬ Xqßn-°n-S-°p-∂Xv Fßs-\sb∂v I≠v

Ah\v kln-®n-√. a\p-jy-t\m-Sp≈ kvt\lw Ahs‚ \c-I-ambn

Ah-km\w Ahs‚ ac-W-hp-ambn At√?

hb- ≥ t]m∏v adp-]-Sn-sbm∂pw Dcn-bm-SmsX Zqtc°v t\m´-a-b-

®v e÷n-X-\mbn \n∂p. Abm-fpsS apJw æm\hpw Zp:J—hn I-e¿∂-

Xp-am-bn- ImWs∏-´p.

""hb- ≥ t]m∏ns‚ IÆp-I-fn-te°v t\m°n Nn¥ma-·-\mbn

Zo¿L-t\-c-an-cp∂ kc-XpkvX ]d-™p:

"Ah≥ t]mhs´. Ahs‚ IY Ign-™p. acn® Cu ssZh-Øns‚

\∑amXw ]d-bpI F∂Xv \nßsf _lp-am-\n-X-\m-°p∂p. F¶nepw

\nßƒ°v \√Xp t]mse Adn-bm-am-bn-cp∂p, Ah≥ Bcm-bn-cp-∂p-

sh-∂v. Ah≥ ]n∂n´ hnNnX ]mXsb°pdn-®pw \nßƒ°-dnbmw'

hr≤-\mb t]m∏v Bth-i-`-cn-X-\mbn ]d-™p: \Ωƒ XΩn¬

AXm-bXv, \ΩpsS IÆp-Iƒ XΩn¬ kwkm-cn-®-t∏mƒ (t]m-∏ns‚

Hcp IÆv A‘am-bn-cp∂p) Bflob Imcy-ß-fn¬ Rm≥ kc-Xp-kvX-

tb-°mƒ ]_p-≤-\m-Wv F∂v Rm≥ ]d-bp-am-bn-cn°pw, F\n-°mWv

AXn-\p≈ A¿l-Xbpw. Fs‚ kvt\lw Ahs\ Hcp]mSv Imew

ipiq-jn-®p. Fs‚ C— A-hs‚ C—°v hnt[-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp \√

ipiq-j-I≥ F√mw Adn-bp-∂p. bP-am-\≥ X∂n¬ \n∂pw ad-®p-

sh® Nne Imcy-ßƒ IqSn Adn-bp∂p. "Ah≥ \nXm¥ \nKq-V-X-

bn¬ Hfn-™n-cn-°p∂ ssZh-am-bn-cp∂p. kXy-ambpw Ah≥ cl-ky-

am¿t§W at‰tXm Xc-Øn¬ Hcp ]pX-\mbn h∂p. Ah-\n-ep-≈ hnizm-

k-Øns‚ ]Sn-hm-Xn¬°¬ Xs∂ hy`n-Nmcw \ne-\n¬°p-∂p. kvt\l-

sØ-°p-dn®v D∂-Xm-i-b-ß-ƒ sh®p ]pe¿Øp-∂-h-cmcpw Ahs\

kvt\l-Øns‚ ssZh-sa∂v hmgvØn√-. Cu ssZhw Aßns\ hn[n-

°-s∏-SmXncn-°m\pw BK-ln-®Xmbn-cp-∂nt√? kvt\ln-°p-∂-h≥

]Xn-^-e-Øn\pw in£°pw AXo-X-ambt√ kvt\ln-°mdv? Ing-°≥

cmPy-°m-c-\mb Cu ssZhw bphm-hm-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ hfsc I¿°-i-

°m-c\pw ]Xn-Im-c-Zm-ln-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ahs‚ CjvS-°msc ckn-∏n-

°p∂Xn\mbn Ah≥ kzbw Hcp \c-I-ap-≠m-°n. Imew Ipsd-°-gn-

tbip-hns‚ ]pXXzw


™-t∏mƒ ssZhw hr≤-\m-bn. arZp-Xz-ap-≈-h-\pw, A\p-I-º-bp-≈-h-

\p-am-bn. A—-s\-°mƒ Ah-s\mcp apØ-—-\m-bn. FX-tØm-f-sa-

∂m¬ th®p th®p \S-°p∂ Hcp apØ-»nsbt∏mse. ]n∂oSv sRcn-

t∏m-Sns‚ aqe-bn¬ Zp¿∫-e-amb ]mZ-ßfn¬ hnd-sIm-≠n-cp∂ Abmƒ

Iq\n-°q-Sn-bncp∂p. temIw Ah\p aSpØp. BK-l-ß-sf√mw aSp-

Øp. Aßs\ Hcn°¬ A[n-I-cn® Imcp-Wy-Øm¬ Ah≥ izmkw

ap´n- N-Øp.1

1. "Thus Spoke Zarathustra' by Friedrich Nietzsche. P. 271 - 273. Translation

Published by Penguin Books 1969

A≤ymbw 2

]m]hpw ]m]]cn-lm-chpw

InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ G‰hpw ][m-\-s∏´ c≠m-asØ hnizm-k-

]-am-W-Øn-te°v \ap°v IS-°mw. F√m InkvXym-\n-Ifpw Xmsg

]d-bp∂ Imcy-Øn¬ bYm¿∞-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂n√ F∂ hkvXpX

Rm≥ hy‡-am-°-s´. Nne k`m t\Xm-°-∑m¿ Xs∂ InkvXp-a-X-

Øns‚ I¿°-iamb \ne-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ \n∂v hyXn-N-en-®-h-cm-Wv. F∂n-

cp-∂m¬ t]mepw ]m]-Øn-s‚bpw ]m]-]-cn-lm-c-Øn-s‚bpw kn≤m¥w

bmYm-ÿn-XnI InkvXob hnizm-k-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\ XØz-am-Wv.

InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ]m]-Øn-s‚bpw ]m]]cn-lm-c-Øn-s‚bpw

kn≤m-¥-Øns‚ BZy-L-SIw ssZhw \oXn-am\pw kzm`m-hnI \oXn

\S-∏m-°p-∂-h-\p-amWv F∂-Xm-Wv. ]m]-Øn\v X°-Xmb in£

\¬ImsX ssZh-Øn\v s]mdpØp sImSp-°m≥ km[y-a-√. in£n-

°pI F∂Xv tIhe \oXn-bpsS XØz-ßƒ°v FXn-cmWv Xm\pw.

ssZh-Øns‚ Cu "khn-tij KpW-hn-ti-j-amWv' InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS

]m]-]-cn-lmc kn≤m-¥sØ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xv.

InkvXob hnizm-k-Øns‚ c≠m-asØ LS-Iw BZapw l∆bpw

]m]n-I-fmb Imc-W-Øm¬ a\p-jy≥ ]m]n-bm-Ip∂p F∂-Xm-Wv.

CXns‚ ^ea-m-bn ]m]w a\p-jys‚ ]mc-º-cy-hm-ln-bmb Po\p-I-

fn¬ Dƒt®¿∂v a\p-jys‚ k¥Xn ]c-ºc apgp-h≥ Imem-Im-e-

tØ°pw P∑\m ]m]n-I-fmbn amdn.

InkvXob hnizm-k-Øns‚ aq∂m-asØ LSIw ]m]-c-ln-X-\mb

Hcmƒ°-√msX as‰m-cmsf ]m]-Øn¬ \n∂v tamNn-∏n-°m≥ km[y-

a√ F∂-Xm-Wv. Cu hnizm-k-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬, a\p-jy-

hwisØ ]m]-Øn¬ \n∂v ip≤o-I-cn-°mt\m tamNn-∏n-°mt\m

AXns‚ `hn-jy-Øn¬ \n∂v c£n-°mt\m Hcp ssZh-]-hm-N-I\v

t]mepw km[y-a-√m-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-]-hm-N-I≥ G‰hpw \√-h\pw FX

Xs∂ ]q¿W-X-tbmSv ASp-Ø-h-\m-bmepw icn BZ-ans‚ k¥-Xn-bm-

bXv ImcWw Hcp ]hm-N-I\v t]mepw P∑-Pm-Xamb ]m]-Øn¬ \n∂p

c£-s∏-Sm≥ km[y-a-√m-bn-cp-∂p. InkvXob kn≤-m¥-Øns‚ efnX


cq]-tcJ CXm-Ip-∂p. Chn-sS-bmWv InkvXy≥ ssZh-im-kvXn-Iƒ

]cn-lm-c-hp-ambn cwK-sØ-Øp-∂-Xv.

a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ ]m]-]-cn-lmcw

A]-cn-lm-cy-ambn tXm∂p∂ Cu ]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ ssZhw

AXn-hn-Z-Kv[-amb Hcp ]≤Xn Is≠Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Cu ]≤-Xn-sb-

∏‰n ssZhw ]pX-\p-ambn N¿® sNbvXn-cp-∂pthm AX√ Ah¿ c≠p-

t]cpw Htc kabw Cu ]≤Xn Bhn-jvI-cn-®-Xm-tWm F∂Xv hy‡-

a-√. Hcp-]t£, Cu ]≤Xn apgp-h\pw ]pXs‚ Bi-b-am-bn-cn-°mw.

]n∂oSv B Bibw ]nXm-hmb ssZhw AwKo-I-cn-®-Xp-am-Imw. F¥m-

bmepw Cu ]≤-Xn-bnse kw`-h-ßƒ InkvXp-hns‚ ImeØv Xmsg

]d-bpw-hn[w Ac-tß-dp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

c≠m-bncw h¿j-ßƒ°v apºv BZnbpw A¥y-hp-an-√mØ ssZh-

Øns‚ A\-¥Xzw A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ Xs∂ ]¶n-´p-sIm≠v ssZh-

]p-X≥ a\pjyam-Xm-hn¬ P∑w sIm≠p. ssZh-]p-X≥ F∂ \ne°v

]nXm-hmb ssZh-Øn-s‚bpw a\p-jy-s‚bpw ]q¿W-Kp-W-ßƒ At±-

l-Øn¬ ktΩ-fn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. `‡bpw Nmcn-Xyh-Xn-bp-amb adnbw

F∂p t]cp≈ Hcp kvXobmWv ssZh-]p-Xs‚ amXm-hm-Im≥ Xnc-

s™-Sp°s∏-´-Xv. ssZh-hp-am-bp≈ ]¶m-fn-Xz-Øn¬ adnbw K¿`nWn-

bmbn. ssZh-Øns‚ A£-cm¿∞-Øn-ep-≈ ssPh-k-¥m\w (Literalson) F∂ \ne°v tbip ]m]-c-ln-X\m-bn-´mWv P\n-®-Xv. F¶nepw

Hcp ]cn[n hsc At±lw am\p-jnI KpWhpw am\p-jnI kØbpw

\ne-\n¿Øn. Aßs\, Xs∂ c£-I-\mbn kzoI-cn® kIe P\-Øn-

s‚bpw ]m]- mcw At±lw kzbw Gs‰-Sp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Cu ka¿∞-

amb ]≤Xn aptJ\ a\p-jy-hw-isØ ]m]-Øn¬ \n∂p c£n-°m≥

ssZh-Øn\v Xs‚ "\oXn-am≥' F∂ KpW-hp-ambn bmsXmcphn[ hn´p-

ho-gvNbpw sNtø-≠n-h-∂n√ F∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Cu ]tXy-I-Xcw ]mtbm-KnI ]≤-Xn-bn-eqsS FX Afhv ]m]n-

bmb a\p-jy-\m-bmepw in£n-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°p-∂n√ F∂ Imcyw \mw

]tXyIw Hm¿Ωn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ssZhw \oXn-am-\m-bn-cp-∂n´pw ]m]n-

bmb a\p-jy-t\mSp I¿°-i-ambn ]Xn-Imcw sNøp∂ Imcy-Øn¬

Ah≥ bmsXmcphn[ hn´p-ho-gvNbpw ImWn-°m-Ø-h-\mbn \ne-sIm-

≈p-∂p. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ ]m]n-I-fmb BZ-ans‚ a°ƒ°v ]Icw tb-

ip-hns\bmWv ChnsS ssZhw in£n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu kw -h-Øn\v apºpw

]nºp-am-bp≈ \mS-Io-b-amb am‰-Øns‚ hyXymkw tbiphns\

]m]hpw ]m]-]-cn-lm-chpw


in£n®p F∂ Imcyw amX-am-Wv. AXm-bXv BZw k¥-Xn-I-fpsS

]m]-Øn\v tbip-hns‚ _en-bmWv ChnsS ]cn-lm-c-ambn h¿Øn-®Xv.

Fs¥mcp hnNn-Xhpw \nc¿Y-I-hp-amb bp‡n imkvX-am-WnXv!

CXmWv kw`-hn-®-sX-∂mWv ]t_m-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv tb-

ip kzbw _en-bm-hpIbpw Aßs\ At±lw Hcn-°epw sNbvXn-´n-

√mØ Ip‰-Øn\v in£n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

BZ-an-s‚bpw l∆-bp-sSbpw ]m]w

BZ-ans‚ IY XpS°w apX¬ \ap-s°m∂v ]p\x-]-cn-tim-[n-°mw.

a\p-jys‚ bp-‡n-t_m-[-Øn\pw kmam-\y-_p-≤n°pw Cu IY-bnse

Hcp kwK-Xn-t]mepw AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ km≤y-a-√.

BZy-ambn BZapw l∆bpw ]m]n-I-fmb Imc-W-Øm¬ Ah-

cpsS k¥m\ ]c-ºc apgp-h\pw P\n-X-I-]-c-ambn Fs∂-t∂-°p-ambn

]m]-Øm¬ aen-\o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn F∂ Bi-b-amWv \ap°v

e`n-°p-∂-Xv. CXn\p hncp-≤-ambn P\n-XI imkvXw ]d-bp-∂-Xv, a\p-

jys‚ Nn¥bpw ]hr-Ønbpw Hcm-fpsS Pohn-X-Øn-ep-S-\ofw Iq´p

]ncn-bmsX Ahn-`m-Py-ambn \ne-sIm-≠mepw icn, AXv Abm-fpsS

ASpØ Xe-ap-d-bn-te°v P\n-XI ]mc-º-cy-ambn ssIam‰w sNø-s∏-

Sp-I-bn√ F∂m-Wv. a\p-jys‚ P\n-XI hyh-ÿ-bn¬ AØcw AKm-

[-amb am‰-ß-fp-≠m-°m≥ Hcp sNdnb a\p-jym-bp v Xosc A]-cym-

]vXhpw sNdp-Xp-am-Wv. Xe-apd Xe-ap-d-Iƒ Ign-™m¬ t]mepw Hcp

P\-X-bpsS \∑-Iƒ ASpØ Xe-ap-d-bn-te°v P\n-X-I-]-c-ambn ]I-

cm≥ km≤y-a-√. Hcp-]-t£, a\p-jy-Po-\n¬ Hcp ]pXnb kz`m-h-apZ

]Xn-bm≥ Zi-e-£-°-W-°n\v h¿j-ßƒ Xs∂ th≠n-h-t∂-°pw.

`mh\ hen®p \o´p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ amXta Atß-b‰w Akw-

_-‘-P-Vn-ehpw AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ ]‰m-ØXp-amb Cu Bibw (]m]w

Xe-ap-d-I-fn-te°p ]I-cp∂p F∂ Bi-bw) Hcmƒ°v Dƒs°m-≈m≥

Ign-bp-I-bp-≈q. CXn\p hncp-≤-amb Imcy-ßfpw (]m]w t]mse

\∑bpw Xe-ap-d-I-fn-te°v ]I-cp∂p F∂ XØzw) AtX bp‡n D]-

tbm-Kn®v AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-tS≠n hcpw. CXns‚ A¿∞w F¥m-sW∂v

sh®m¬, Hcp ]m]n-bmb a\p-jy≥ ]›m-Ø-]n®v Znh-k-Øns‚ A¥y-

bm-a-Øn¬ ]m]-c-ln-X-\m-bn-Øo¿∂p F∂p sh°pI. F¶n¬ ap≥

]m]-^-e-ßƒ apgp-h≥ d±m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. \∑-bpsS ]hr-Ønbpw P\n-

XI hyh-ÿ-bn¬ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-S-W-a-t√m. imkvXo-b-ambn CXv

kw`-hy-a-√m-bn-cn-°mw. F¶nepw Xn∑ amXw P\n-XI tImUn¬ tcJ-




s∏-Sp-Øn-sh-°p-Ibpw \∑-Iƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp -Øm-Xn-cn -°p-Ibpw

sNøp∂p F∂p Icp-Xp-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ bp‡n-]q¿Æ-amb Hcp k¥p-

e-\-NnXw CXv \¬Ip-∂p-≠v.

BZ-ans‚ ]m]w `mhn k¥-Xn-I-fn-te°v P\n-X-I-]-c-ambn

ssIam‰w sNø-s∏Spw F∂v kn≤m-¥n-®p-sIm≠v BZ-ans‚ ]iv\w

]cn-l-cn-°m≥ ian-°p-tºmƒ ]m]-Øn-s‚bpw ]m]-]-cn-lm-c-Øn-

s‚bpw kn≤m-¥-Øn¬ sI´n-∏-SpØ InkvXob XØz-ß-fpsS ASn-

ÿm\ ine XI¿∂-Sn-bp-I-bm-Wv. AXm-bXv BZapw l∆bpw £W-

t\-c-tØ°v sNøp-Ibpw ]n∂oSv ]›m-Ø-]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX ]m]-

Øns‚ t]cn¬ Ah-cpsS k¥Xn ]c-ºc apgp-h≥ imiz-X-ambn

i]n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. ssZhw \oXn-am-\m-sW-¶n¬ Cu kµ¿`-

Øn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ \oXn-t_m[w Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p? Ah¿ c≠p-

t]cpw sNbvXp-t]mb Ip‰-Øns‚ t]cn¬ AXn-I-Tn-\-ambn ssZhw

Ahsc in£n-°p-Ibpw kz¿§-Øn¬ \n∂v hfsc \nµy-amb coXn-

bn¬ _ln-jvIr-X-cm-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. XnI®pw hy‡n-]-c-amb

Hcp Ip‰ -Øns‚ Imc-W-Øm¬ BZ-an -s\bpw l∆-sbbpw

in£n®Xn\v tijhpw \n -lm-b-cmb a\p-jy-hw-isØ apgp-h≥

P∑-PmX ]m]n-I-fm°n i]n®p \nµy-cm-°pw-hsc ]Xn-Im-c-Øns‚

Ien-b-S-ßmØ Hcp ssZhsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw CXv GXv

Xc-Øn-ep≈ \oXn-bmWv? BZw k¥-Xn-Iƒ°v Cu ]m]-Øn¬

\n∂p c£-s∏-Sm≥ F¥v Ah-k-c-amWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv? amXm-]n-

Xm-°ƒ sNbvX Ip‰-Øn\v F¥p-sIm≠v \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fmb Ah-

cpsS Ip´n-Iƒ Imem-Im-e-tØ°pw AXns‚ in£ kln-t°≠n

hcp∂p?

]m]sØ kw_-‘n®pw AXns‚ A\¥c-^-esØ kw_-

‘n®pw InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°p≈ [mc-W-Ifpw hnip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚

]Jym-]-\-ßfpw XΩn¬ FX-amXw A¥-c-am-Wp-≈-Xv. Jp¿-B≥

]d-bp-∂p:

""Hcm-fpsS `mcw as‰m-cmƒ hln-°p-∂n√'' (35:19).

""ssZhw Hcp-hs‚ ]cn-[n-bn¬ Ihn™ bmsXmcp DØ-c-hm-Zn-

Øhpw Hcm-fn¬ Npa-Øp-∂n-√.'' (2:287).


InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ]m]hpw ]m]-]-cn-lmc k¶¬]-ß-fp-ambn

hnip≤ Jp¿-Bs‚ Cu ]Jym-]-\-ßƒ Xmc-Xayw sNbvXp t\m°p-

tºmƒ Jp¿-B\nI hN-\-ßƒ Bflm-hns‚ \n¿ae kwKo-X-ambn

\ap-°-\p-`-h-s∏-Sp-∂p.

in£°v Imc-W-am-°nb BZ-an-s‚bpw l∆-bp-sSbpw ]m]-k-a-

bØv hmkvX-h-Øn¬ F¥m-bn-cp∂p kw -hn-®-sX∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°m≥

\ap°v ss__nƒ hnh-c-W-ß-fn-te°v IS-°mw. ss__n-fnse D¬]-

Øn-bnse hnh-c-W-]-Imcw ssZhw Ah-cpsS am∏-t]£ `mKn-I-ambn

kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw in£ IrXy-amb Af-hn¬ imiz-X-ambn \¬Ip-I-

bp-amWv sNbvX-Xv. ss__nƒ hnh-cWw Cß-s\-bm-Wv.

"'kvXotbmSv I¬]n-®-Xv, Rm≥ \n\°v IjvShpw K¿ -[m-c-Whpw

G‰hpw h¿≤n-∏n-°pw; \o thZ-\-tbmsS a°sf ]k-hn°pw; \ns‚

BKlw \ns‚ `¿Øm-hn-t\mSv BIpw; Ah≥ \ns∂ `cn-°pw. a\p-

jy-t\mSv I¬]n-®-tXm: \o \ns‚ `mcy-bpsS hm°p A\p-k-cn-°p-

Ibpw Xn∂-cp-sX∂p Rm≥ I¬]n® hr£-êw Xn∂p-Ibpw sNbvX-

Xp-sIm≠v \o \nanØw qan i]n-°s]-ń-cn-°p-∂p; \ns‚ Bbp-jv°m-

e-sam-s°bpw \o IjvS-tØmsS AXn¬ \n∂v Atlm-hrØn Ign-

°pw. ap≈pw ]d-°m-cbpw \n\°p AXn¬ \n∂p apf°pw; hb-ense

kkyw \n\°p Blm-c-am-Ipw. \ne-Øp-\n∂pw \ns∂ FSp-Øn-cn-°p-

∂p; AXn¬ XncnsI tNcp-thmfw apJsØ hnb¿t∏msS \o D]-Po-

h\w Ign-°pw; \o s]mSn-bm-Ip-∂p, s]mSn-bn¬ XncnsI tNcpw.'' (D-

ev]Øn 3:16-˛19).

BZapw l∆bpw P\n-°p-∂-Xn\v hfsc apºv Xs∂ am\-h-Ipew

\ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. ]m›mXy imkvX ]fin-X-∑m¿ ]m‡\ a\p-jys‚

[mcmfw Ncn-Xm-h-in-jvS-ßƒ Is≠-Øp-Ibpw B ]pcm-X\ a\p-

jyscsb√mw hnhn-[-ßfpw hyXn-cn-‡-ß-fp-am-b -co-Xn-bn¬ h¿§o-I-

cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Hcp-]-t£, \nbm-≠¿Xm¬ (Neanderthal)a\p-jy-\m-bn-cn-°pw Ah-cn¬ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

bqtdm-∏n-tebpw ]q¿t∆-jy-bn-tebpw at≤y-jy-bn-tebpw `qta-J-e-I-

fn¬ 100,000 apX¬ 35,000 hsc h¿j-ßƒ°nS-bn¬ \nbm-≠¿Xm¬

a\p-jy¿ Pohn-®p. BZ-an-s‚bpw l∆-bp-sSbpw ]dp-Zo-k-bnse Xm¬°m-

enI hmk-Øn\pw 29,000 h¿j-ßƒ°v apºv Xs∂ qap-JØv Ae™v

\S-∂n-cp∂ ]q¿W-Im-bnI hf¿®-sb-Ønb a\p-jys‚ Hcp arX-i-

cocw (Carcass) Is≠-Sp-°-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. B ka-b-Øv a-\p-jy≥ Gsd-

°psd \sΩ-t∏mse Xs∂ ImbnI hf¿® ]m]n-°p-Ibpw bqtdm-∏v,



B^n°, Gjy F-∂n-hn-S-ß-fn¬ Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. lna-bpKw

Bcw-`n-®-t∏mƒ Ah¿ Ata-cn-°-bn-te°v hym]n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

BkvtX-en-b-bn-te°v hym]n® ]pcm-X\ a\p-jy-cmb At_m-dn-

Pn≥kns\ ]‰n-bp≈ B[n-Im-cnI kmwkvIm-cnI NcnXw 40,000 h¿jw

apº-sØ-Xm-sW∂v Is≠-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.

2.9 Zi-e£w h¿j-ßƒ°v apºp≈ Hcp a\p-jys‚ Aÿn-

°qSw GtXym-]y-bnse slZm¿ (Hedar) F∂ ÿeØv \n∂pw Is≠-

Sp-°-s∏- n- p-≠v. AXp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-tºmƒ ta¬∏-d™ Is≠-

Ø-ep-Iƒ kao-]-Im-e-tØ-Xm-Wv. ss__nƒ Imem-\p-I-a-]-Imcw

BZapw l∆bpw Pohn-®n-cp-∂Xv GI-tZiw 6,000 h¿j-ßƒ°v

apºmWv. ss__n-fnse Cu Ime-K-W\ a\- n¬ sh®v Ncn-X-Øn-

te°v Xncn™p t\m°p-tºmƒ tlmam-km-]n-b≥kv (Homo Sapi-ens) F∂ imkvXob kmt¶-XnI kw-⁄-bn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ Cu

]p-cm-X\ a\p-jys\ ImWp-tºmƒ \mw hnkva-bn-®p-t]m-hp-∂p.

]m]-]-cn-lm-c-Øn\p tijhpw a\p-jy-Zp-cnXw XpS-cp∂p

BZapw l∆bpw Fßs\ in£n-°-s∏´p F∂ ss__nƒ hnh-

cWw hmbn-°p-tºmƒ Ah-cpsS Ime-L´w hsc ]k-h-th-Z-\bpw

]bm-khpw kvXoIƒ°v A⁄m-X-am-bn-cp∂p F∂ Imcy-a-dn-™v

hmb-\-°m-c≥ A¤p-X-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°n-√. Hcp imkvX-⁄\v AØcw

k¶¬]-I-Y-Iƒ hniz-kn-°pI ]bm-k-I-c-am-bn-cn-°pw. BZapw

l∆bpw P\n-°p-∂-Xn\v hfsc apºv Xs∂ F√m `qJ-fi-ß-fnepw

F¥n-\-[nIw hnZq-c-amb s]k-^n°v Zzo]p-I-fn¬ t]mepw a-\p-jy≥

A[n-h-kn-®n-cp-∂p F∂-Xn\v A\n-tj-[y-amb At\Iw sXfn-hp-I-fp-

≠v. Ahn-S-ß-fn-se√mw hwi-h¿≤-\-hn\v th≠n kvXoIƒ ]bm-k-

s∏´p ]k-hn®p t]m∂p. AXp-sIm≠v BZapw l∆bpw BZy-ambn

]m]w sNbvX-Xn\v tij-amWv in£ F∂ \ne°v thZ-\-tbm-Sp-Iq-

Snb ]khw \ne-hn¬ h∂Xv F∂ kn≤m¥w XnI-®pw sX‰m-sW∂v

Pohn-I-sf-∏-‰n-bp≈ ]T-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw sXfn-bp-∂p. a\p-jy-t\-°mƒ

Xmgv∂ Pohn-Iƒ t]mepw thZ\ kln-®p-sIm-≠mWv ]k-hn-°p-∂-

Xv. Hcp ]ip-hns‚ ]khw \nco-£n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ a\p-jykvXo

kln-°p-∂Xv t]mse-bp≈ thZ\ B arKhpw kln-°p-∂-Xmbn

\ap°v ImWm≥ km[n-°pw. AØ-c-Øn-epff tImSm-\p-tImSn Pohn-

Iƒ BZ-an-t\-°m-fpw l∆-tb-°mfpw aptº `qan-bn¬ Pohn-®p-h-cp∂p

F∂v \ap-°-dnbmw.



]bm-k-s∏ v D]-Po-h-\-am¿Kw tXSpI F∂Xv F√m a\p-jy¿°pw

s]mXp-hmb Hcp Imcy-am-Wv. CXv a\p-jy-\n¬ amXw ]cn-an-X-a-√-

Xm\pw. kvXobpw Ah-fpsS D]-Po-h-\-Øn-\p-th≠n ]bm-k-s∏-Sp-∂p.

AXn\p apºpw F√m Poh-Pm-e-ßfpw D]-Po-h-\-Øn\v th≠n I-jvS-

s∏-Sp-∂p-≠v. Pohn-]-cn-Wm-a-Ønse G‰hpw apJy-amb t]c-I-am-WnXv

Cu PohnX kacw \ne-\n¬°m-\p≈ Cu AXn-Po-h\ kacw Pohn-

tem-Ihpw AtN-X-\-tem-I-hp-am-bp≈ hyXym-k-Øns‚ G‰hpw ]mY-

an-I-amb Hcp hyXn-tc-I-am-Wv. AsXmcp ]IrXn ]Xn-`m-k-am-Wv. ]m]-

hp-ambn AXn\v bmsXmcp _‘-hp-an-√.

CXv BZ-an-s‚bpw l∆-bp-sSbpw ]m]-Øns‚ ^e-ambn e`n®

in£-bm-sW-¶n¬ ]m]-]-cn-lm-c-Øn∂v tijw F¥v kw`-hn°pw

F∂-Xns\ kw_-‘n®v A¤p-X-s∏-tS-≠n-bn-cn-°p∂p. ]m]n-I-fmb

a\pjy-h¿K-Øns‚ tamN-\-Øn-∂mbn tbip-InkvXp ]mb-›nØw

sNbvsX-¶n¬ Iqio-I-c-W-Øn\v tijw ]m]-Øn-\p≈ in£ d±m-

t°-≠-Xt√? tbip InkvXpsh ssZh-]p-X-\mbn hniz-kn-®-h-cn¬s∏´

kvXoI-fpsS ]k-h-th-Z\ C√m-Xmtbm? hnizm-kn-I-fmb kvXo-Iƒ°v

D]-Po-h-\-Øns‚ ]bmkw IqSmsX Pohn-X-hn-`-h-ßƒ e`y-am-bn-

´pt≠m? `mhn-X-e-ap-d-bn-te°v ]m]-kw-I-aWw XS-™p-sIm≠v ]m]-

c-ln-X-amb k¥-Xn-Iƒ P\n®n´pt≠m? Cu tNmZy-ßƒs°√mw

"AsX' F∂ DØcw e`n-°p-sa-¶n¬ InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Kuc-h-]q¿hw

]d-bm-dp-≈ ]m]-Øn-s‚bpw ]m]-]-cn-lm-c-Øn-s‚bpw kn≤m-¥-ßƒ°v

Xo¿®-bmbpw km[q-I-c-W-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ IjvS-sa∂v ]d-b-s´, Cu

tNmZy-ßƒs°√mw DØcw C√, C√, C√ F∂v amX-am-Wv. ]m]-]-

cn-lm-cm¿∞w \S∂ Iqio-I-c-W-Øn\v tijw ssIkvX-h-cnepw

AssI-kvX-h-cnepw bmsXmcp kwK-Xn-bnepw Hcp am‰hpw Zriy-am-

bn√. ]ns∂ F¥mWv ]m]-]-cn-lm-c-Øns‚ A¿∞w?

tbip-In-kvXp-hn\v tijhpw temIØp apgp-h≥ am\-h-cm-in-bp-

sSbpw \oXn-t_m[w Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂Xv Hcmƒ Hcp sX‰p sNbvXm¬

AXn-∂p≈ in£ B hy‡n°v amX-amWv \¬tI-≠Xv, a‰m¿°pw

\¬Im≥ ]mSn-√ F∂m-Wv. kvXobm-Is´ ]pcp-j-\m-Is´ Ah-\-h≥

sNbvX ]m]-Øn-\p≈ in£ kzbw Xs∂ A\p-`-hn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

AXp-t]mse Ip™p-ßƒ Ft∏m-gpw ]m]-c-ln-X-cm-bmWv P\n-°p-∂-

Xv. Cu XØz-ßƒ icn-b-s√-¶n¬ ]ns∂ ssZh-Øns‚ \oXn-am≥

F∂ KpWw FSpØv Zqsc If-tb≠n hcpw.



Rßƒ apkvenwIƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv F√m Znhy-K-Ÿ-ß-fpw

k\m-X-\-amb kXy-ßsf A[n-jvTm-\-am°ns°m-≠p-≈-XmWv

F∂mWv. B¿°pw Xs∂ AXn\v hncp-≤-amb Hcp hmZw D∂-bn-°p-

hm≥ km[y-a-√. AØcw Znhy-sh-fn-]mSp KŸ-ß-fn¬ k\m-X-\ XXz-

ßƒ°v s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sm-ØXpw sshcp-≤ym-fl-I-hp-ambn Fs¥-¶nepw

Is≠-Øp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \ΩpsS kao-]\w AXns‚ kºq¿W-\n-cm-

I-c-Whpw \ntj-[-hp-a-√. ]XypX B KŸ-ß-fpsS Ah-[m-\-X-tbm-

Sp-Iq-Snb A\p-I-ºm-]q¿W-amb ]cn-tim-[-\-bm-bncn-°pw. ss__nƒ

]gb \nb-a-Ønepw ]pXnb \na-b-Ønepw h∂ \nc-h[n ]kvXm-h-

\Ifn¬ ]IrXn kXy-ßfn¬ \n∂pw hyXn-bm\w h∂-h-bmbn

ImWmw. AØcw ]kvXm-h-\-Iƒ I≠p-ap-´p-tºmƒ \mw B hN-\-

ß-fnse KqVm¿∞-]-ctam Be-¶m-cn-Itam Bb ktµ-i-ßƒ hmbn-

s®-Sp-°p-∂p. As√-¶n¬ thZ-K-Ÿ-ß-fn¬ ssZh-Øn-\p-]-Icw a\p-jy-

I-c-ßƒ FgpXnt®¿Ø IrXn-∏m-sW∂v IcpXn B thZ-`m-K-ßsf

\ncm-I-cn-°p-∂p. InkvXp-aXw AXns‚ kzO-cq-]-Øn¬ kXy-am-bn-

cp∂ ImeØv AXn¬ bmsXm-cp-hn[ ]£n-]vX-ßtfm Akzo-Im-cy-

amb bmsXmcp hkvXp-Xtbm hnizm-ktam ]Ir-Xnsb If-hm-°p∂

H∂pw Xs∂tbm C√m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv \mw ]mT-]-c-amb

Hcp ]cn-tim-[-\bv°v (Textual examination) Xp\n-bmsX AXns‚

aqe-X-Øz-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xv. AXm-Is´

\q‰m-≠p-I-tfm-f-ambn InkvXob XØz-im-kvX-Øns‚ tNmZyw

sNøs∏SmØ Ahn-`m-Py-L-S-I-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. AXn¬

G‰hpw ]mY-an-I-am-bXv ]m]hpw ]m]-]-cn-lm-chpw kw_-‘n®

InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS [mc-W-I-fm-Wv. InkvXob NcnX-Øns‚ GtXm

Hcp Zim-k-‘n-bn¬ sh®v Btcm Hcmƒ Imcy-ßƒ sX‰mbn [cn-°p-

Ibpw B [mc-W-Iƒ Xs‚ Adn-hns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hymJym-\n-

°m≥ ian-°p-Ibpw CXp ImcWw ]n¬°m-e- X-e-ap-d-Iƒ sX‰n-te°v

\bn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂mWv CXv kw_-‘-ambn Rm≥ hnNm-

cn-°p-∂-Xv.

]mc-ºcy ]m]w

hmZ-Øn-\p-th≠n BZapw l∆bpw ]g-b-\n-b-a-Øn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-

®-Xp-t]mse A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ Xs∂ ]m]n-I-fm-sW∂pw Ah¿ DNn-

X-amb coXn-bn¬ in£n-°-s∏-´p-sh∂pw Icp-Xp-I. IY-bn¬ hnh-cn-

°p-∂Xv t]mse in£ Ah-cn¬ amXw HXp-ßp--∂n-√. Ah-cpsS apgp-

h≥ k¥-Xn-]-c-º-c-I-fn-te°pw in£ ]c-°p-I-bm-Wv. Hcn-°¬ in£

hn[n-°p-Ibpw AXv \S-∏m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-I-gn-™m¬ a‰p in£-



I-fpsS Bh-iy-sa¥v? Hcn-°¬ Hcp Ip‰-Øn\v in£n-°-s∏-´m¬ AXv

AtXmsS Ign-™p. Hcn-°¬ Hcp in£mhn[n ]kvXm-hn-®p-I-gn-™m¬

ho≠pw ho≠pw in£-Iƒ AXn-t\m-Sp-Iq´n tN¿°m≥ B¿°pw Ah-

Im-i-an-√. BZ-an-t\bpw l∆-tbbpw Ah¿ sNbvX Ip‰-Øn\v e`n-t°≠

in£tb°mƒ IqSp-X-embn imkn-°-s∏´ncp-∂p. AXp-Iq-SmsX B

in£ Ah-cpsS k¥m-\-]-c-º-c-I-fn-te°v IqSn hym]n-∏n-°p∂ coXn

Atß-b‰w tNmZyw sNø-s∏-tS-≠-Xm-Wv. \mw AXns\∏‰n th≠-hn[w

]d™p Ign-™p. CXv tIhe \oXn-bpsS lo\-amb ewL-\-am-sW∂

Imcyw Nq≠n-°m-´m-\mWv \mw ian-°p-∂-Xv. \ΩpsS ]q¿∆ ]nXm-°-

∑m-cpsS sX‰p-Iƒ°v \sΩ in£n-°pI F∂-Xv t]mI-s´, B ]q¿∆

]nXm-°-∑m¿ sNbvX sX‰p-Iƒ°v A\-¥-c-^-e-am-bn-s°m≠v \Ωn¬

]m]w ASn-t®¬∏n-°p-∂Xv anX-ambn ]d-™m¬ \nµm-I-c-am-Wv.

a\p-jym-\p-`-h-ß-fpsS ]cp-°≥ bmYm¿∞y-ßfpsS ASn-ÿm-\-

Øn¬ \ΩpsS ssZ\w-Zn\ A\p- -h-ß-fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXp-sIm≠v

Ip‰-Øn-t‚bpw in£-bp-tSbpw InkvXob XØz-imkvXw \ap-s°m∂p

a\- n-em-°m≥ ian-°mw. Hcp Ip‰-hm-fn-s°-Xnsc Hcp hn[n- ]p-d-s∏-Sp-

hn-°p-∂p-sh∂v Icp-Xp-I. Abmƒ sNbvX Ip‰hpambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-

tºmƒ hfsc Xo£vWhpw ITn-\-hp-am-bn-cp∂p B in£. Ip‰hpw

in£bpw XΩn-ep≈ Cu hºn® A\p-]m-X-an-√mbva GsXmcp kmam-

\y-_p-≤n-bp≈ Bfp-tSbpw i‡hpw Xoh-hp-amb A]-e-]-\-Øn\v

hnt[-b-am-hpw. Cu ho£-W-tIm-Wn¬ \n∂p t\m°p-tºmƒ BZ-an-\v

At±lw sNbvX ]m]-Øn\p ta¬ Npa-Ønb in£ \oXn-am-\mb ssZh-

Øn¬ \n∂p-ap-≠m-b-XmtWm F∂v hniz-kn-°m≥ \ap°v ]bm-k-am-

Wv. Ip‰-tØ-°mƒ Ihn™ in£ F∂ ÿnXn°v CXv Hcp A\p-]m-

X-an-√m-bva-bpsS ]iv\w amX-a-√. InkvXy≥ k¶-ev]-]-Im-c-ap≈

ssZh-Øns‚ s]-cp-am‰w F∂ \ne-bn¬ B in£ BZ-an-t‚bpw l∆-

bp-tSbpw Pohn-X-Im-eØv amXw ]cn-an-Xs∏´p-\n¬°p-∂n-√. Ah-cpsS

k¥-Xn-I-fpsS Xe-ap-d-I-fn-te°v AXv hym]n®p \n¬°p-∂p. k¥-Xn-

Iƒ Ah-cpsS ]nXm-°ƒ°v th≠n in£n-°-s∏-SpI F∂Xv \oXn-

bpsS BXy-¥n-I-amb ewL-\-am-Wv. \mw AXv amX-a√ ]d-bp-∂-Xv.

Hcp Ip‰hm-fn-bpsS k¥-Xn-Iƒ°pw Ah-cpsS k¥-Xn-Iƒ°pw \nbaw

aptJ\ \n¿_-‘-]q¿∆w A\-¥-ambn Ip‰w sNø¬ XpS-cm\pw AXn-

\-\p-k-cn®v in£n-°m\pw C°m-esØ Hcp \ymbm-[n-]≥ hn[n ]d-

™Xv ImWm-\p≈ Zu¿`mKyw \ap-°p-≠mbn F¶n¬, kwkvIm-c-Øn-

eqsS km¿∆-XnI \oXn k¶ev]w B¿Pn® ka-Im-enI kaq-l-Øns‚

]Xn-I-cWw F¥m-bn-cn°pw?



A©mw \q‰m-≠n¬ lnt∏m-bnse _nj-∏m-bn-cp∂ AK-Ãn\pw*s]em-Pn-b≥ (Pelagian) ]ÿm-\hpw XΩn¬ BZ-an-s‚bpw l∆-bp-

tSbpw hogvNIsf-∏‰n hºn® hmZ-]-Xn-hmZw \S-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. BZw

sNbvX ]m]w At±-l-Øn¬ amXw ]cn-an-X-am-sW∂pw a\p-jy-hw-i-

Øns‚ apgp-h≥ ]m]-a-s√∂pw ]Tn-∏n® s]em-Pn-b≥ ]ÿm-\-Øn¬

_nj∏v AK-Ãn≥ aX-\nµ Btcm-]n-®p. Hmtcm a\pjy\pw ]m]-Øn¬

\n∂pw hnap-‡-\m-bn \n¿Ωe ]IrXn-tbmsS P\n-°p-∂p-sh∂pw ]m]-

c-ln-X-amb PohnXw \bn-°m≥ Hmtcm hy‡n°pw Ahs‚ I-gn-hp-]-

tbm-Kn®p km[y-am-sW∂pw Aßs\ Pohn®v hnPbw hcn-®-h¿ Ds≠-

∂p-am-bn-cp∂p s]em-Pn-b≥ hmZw. kXyw ]d-™-hsc aX-\n-µ-I-

cmbn apZ-Ip-Øp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. ]I¬ cmXn-bm-sW∂pw cmXn ]I-

em-sW∂pw ]Jym-]-\-ap-≠m-bn. kXyw aX-\n-µ-bm-sW∂pw aX-\nµ

kXy-am-sW∂pw h∂p.

]m]-Øns‚ ssIam‰w

]m]nsb in£n-°msX s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°m≥ ssZh-Øn\v

km[y-a-√. A√m-Ø]£w AXv ssZh-Øns‚ tIhe \oXn XØz-

ßƒs°Xn-cmWv F∂ kn≤m¥w \ap-s°m∂v ]p\-:]-cn-tim-[n-°mw.

a\p-jy-[n-j-W°v Xo¿®-bmbpw Kln-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-Xpw a\p-jy-

a\- m-£n°v IS-I-hn-cp-≤-hp-amb Cu kn≤m¥w \q‰m-≠p-I-tfm-f-ambn

InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hniz-kn®p hcp∂p F∂ bmYm¿∞yw Xncn-®-dn-bp-

tºm-ƒ Hcmƒ `oXn sIm≠v ]I-º\w sIm≠p-t]m-Ipw. `qan-bntem

BIm-itØm BIs´ \nc-]-cm-[n-bmb Hcp a\p-jy≥ kzbw in£

hcn-°m≥ Xøm-dm-bm¬ AXn-\p-]-Icw Fßs\-bmWv Hcp ]m]n°v

s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°pI? ssZhw Aßs\ sNøp∂ \nanjw apX¬

\oXn-bpsS Hcp ASn-ÿm\ XØzw ewLn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wv. Hcp ]m]n-

bpsS ]m]-Øn\v ]m]n-bmb Abmƒ Xs∂ in£n-°-s∏-S-Ww. Npcp-

°-Øn¬ in£ Hcm-fn¬ \n∂pw as‰m-cm-fn-te°v am‰-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ \nc-

h[n k¶o¿Æ-ßfmb am\p-jnI ]iv\-ßƒ DZv`-hn-°pw.

Hcp \nc-]-cm[n tkz-—-bm¬ as‰m-cm-fpsS in£ Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-

\m¬ in£-bpsS AØcw ssIam-‰-ßƒ tIh-e-\oXn k¶-ev]-ß-

* sk‚ v AK-Ãn≥ (G.-Un. 354-˛430): hSs° B^n-°-bnse AƒPo-cn-b-bn¬lnt∏m-dn-Po-bkv F∂ ÿeØv P\n® ]ucm-WnI ssIkvXh Zm¿i-\n-I-≥. ]pXnb\nb-a-Ønse hnizm-k-kn-≤m-¥-ßfpw bh-\-X-Øz-ao-w-am-w-k-bpsS ImX-emb mK-ßfpwDcp-In-t®¿Ø Hcp [¿Ω-kw-ln-X-bpsS ]Nm-c-I-\mWv sk‚ v AK-Ãn≥. B^n-°-bn-se AƒPo-cn-bmbnemWv P\n-®-sX-¶nepw ˛ ]m›mXy ssIkvXh Z¿i-\-Øns‚G‰hpw B[n-Im-cnI h‡m-hmWv sk‚ v AK-Ãn≥. ]Xn-\©v \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn AXvA`w-Kpcw XpS-cp-∂p. (hnh:)



fpsS XØz-ßƒ ewLn-°p-∂n√ F∂v Nne ssIkvXh ssZh-im-

kvX-⁄-∑m¿ hmZn-°p-∂p. ]Ww Xncn-®-S-°m≥ km[n-°msX ISw

h∂p Ib-dnb Hcm-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ as‰mcp ssZh-`-‡-\mb a-\p-jy-

kvt\ln h∂v apgp-h≥ IShpw ho´n Ahs\ IS-Øn¬ \n∂pw tamNn-

∏n-°p-∂p. Cu EW-_m-[n-Xs‚ Imcy-Øn¬ \nßƒs°¥v ]d-bm-

\p≠v? F∂mWv Ah¿ \tΩmSp tNmZn-°p-∂-Xv. Rß-fpsS adp-]Sn

C]-Im-c-am-bn-cn-°pw. AØcw Zb, HuZm-cyw, XymKw F∂n-h-tbm-Sp-

Iq-Snb a\pjykvt\-l-]camb ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ Xo¿®-bmbpw A`n-\-

µ-\m¿l-am-Wv. ]t£ tImSn-°-W-°n\v sÃ¿enwßv IS-°m-c-\mb Hcm-

fpsS tamN-\-Øn\v th≠n Hcp a\p-jy-kvt\ln apt∂m-´p-h∂v Abm-

fpsS t]m°-‰n¬ \n∂v Zbm-hm-bvt]msS Hcp s]∂n (G-‰hpw aqeyw

Ipd™ \mW-bw) FSp-Øp-sIm≠v Cu IS-°m-cs‚ F√m IS-ßfpw

CXn-\p-]-I-c-ambn Hgn-hm-°n-s°m-Sp-°-W-sa∂v ]d-™m¬ Hcm-fpsS

]Xn-I-c-W-sa-¥m-bn-cn°pw? a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS apgp-h≥ ]m]-Øn\pw

th≠n kzbw in£n-°-s∏´ tbip-hns‚ A¿∏Ww AXn-t\-°mƒ

FXtbm bp‡n-lo-\hpw Awim-\p-]m-X-an-√m-Ø-Xp-am-Wv. Hcp IS-

°m-ct‚tbm Hcp Xe-ap-d-bnse IS-°m-cp-tStbm ]iv\-a√ \mw kwkm-

cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]f-b-Imew hsc P\n-®Xpw P\n-°m-\n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb

tImSn-I-W-°n\v IS-°m-cpsS ]iv\-amWv \mw kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xv.

ta¬]-d™ DZm-l-cWw sIm≠v F√m-am-bn-√. IS-_m-≤y-X-bp≈

Hcmsf Hcp ]m]n-bp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv ]m]sØ \n¿∆-Nn-°p-

∂Xv G‰hpw _p≤n-i-q\y-am-Wv. Ip‰-tØbpw in£tbbpw Ipdn-®p≈

a‰p hi-ß-fn-te°v Xncn-bp-∂-Xn\v apºv ChnsS hnh-cn-°-s∏´ kwK-

XnIƒ IqSn hni-Zo-I-cWw A¿ln-°p-∂p-≠v.

A F∂ IS-°m-c≥ B F∂-bm-fn∂v Hcp e£w ]u≠v sImSp-

°m-\p≠v F∂n-cn-°-s´. Hcp kº-∂-\mb a\p-jy-kvt\ln At±-l-

Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-t_m-[-tØmsS IS-_m-[n-X-\mb Asb Bbn¬ \n∂pw

tamNn-∏n-°m≥ Kuc-h-tØm-sSbpw kXy-k-‘-ambpw BK-ln®p

F∂pw k¶¬]n-°p-I. s]mXp \nbaw A F∂-bmƒ B°v sImSp-°m-

\p≈ ISw apgp-h≥ ho´n-Øo¿°W-sa-∂mWv A\p-im-kn-°p-∂Xv.

F∂m¬ Cu a\p-jy-kvt\ln F∂ km¶venI IYm-]mXw A°v

th≠n B°v ISw sImSpØp ho´p-∂-Xn\p ]Icw Xm≥ IS-_m-[n-X-

\mb A°v ]I-c-ambn GXm\pw ASn kzoI-cn-°pItbm As√-¶n¬

aq∂p cmhpw ]Iepw Pbn¬ in£ kzoI-cn-°pItbm sNøm-sa-∂pw,

Asb IS-Øn¬ \n∂pw tamNn-∏n-°-W-sa∂pw \ymbm-[n-]-t\mSp

A`y¿∞n-°p-sa-∂n-cn-°-s´. bYm¿∞ temIØv Aßs\-sbm∂v kw -



hn-s®-¶n¬ \ymbm-[n-]≥ A¥w hn´p-t]m-hp-∂Xpw ]mhw ]Ww In´m-

\p≈ IS-°mc≥ Bi-b-°p-g-∏-Øn-em-hp-∂Xpw ImWmw. F∂m¬ a\p-

jy-kvt\ln At±-l-Øns‚ A`y¿∞\ apgph\pw ka¿∏n®p Ign-

™n-ń√ F∂p ]d™p-sIm≠p XpS-cp-∂p: Hm ]t`m, Fs‚ Cu

XymKw sIm≠v B ISw amX-a√ hoń--°n-t´-≠-Xv. Cu kmam-Py-

Øn¬ C∂v Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ kIe IS-°m-cptSbpw C\n P\n-°m-\n-

cn-°p∂ F√m IS-°m-cp-tSbpw IS-_m≤y-X-I-ƒ Fs‚ Cu aq∂v Znh-

ksØ XymKw sIm≠v C√m-XmhWw! Xs‚ A`y¿∞\ Cu L´-

Øn-seØptºmƒ GsXm-cm-fp-sSbpw a\ v aXn-`-a-Øn¬s∏´v he-

™p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.

Hcp-hs‚ A≤zm-\- -e-tam, kºm-Zytam apgp-h\pw Ih¿s∂-SpØ

I≈-∑msc AXn-t\-°mƒ hfsc Ipd™ tXmXn-ep≈ ]cn-lmcw

sIm≠v tamNn-∏n-°-W-sa∂v \oXn-am-\mb ssZh-tØmSv At]-£n-

°m\p≈ BKlw Fßs\-bmWv ssZh-Øn\p apºn¬ ka¿∏n-

°pI! ]t£ Ip‰-hm-fn-bpsS ssII-fm¬ ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏´ \nc-]-cm-[n-

tb-°mƒ IqSp-X-embn B Ip‰-hm-fn°v Zbm-Zm-£nWyw Im´m-\mWv

InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ssZhw ian-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWp-∂-Xv. Xo¿®-bmbpw

hfsc hnNn-X-amb \oXn-t_m-[-am-Wn-Xv. CXns‚ ê-ambn I≈-

∑m¿°pw, sIm≈-°m¿°pw, _me-]o-U-I¿°pw, \nc-]-cm-[n-Isf

tZmln-°p-∂-h¿°pw a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn-s\-Xnsc arKo-b-amb Ip‰-Ir-Xy-

ßƒ \S-Øn-b-h¿°p-sa√mw ac-W-k-a-bØv tbip-In-kvXp-hn¬ hniz-

kn-®m¬ am∏v \¬I-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv. Cu Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ°v Ah-cpsS

ssII-fm¬ ]oUn-X-cmb \nc-]-cm-[n-I-tfmSpff IW°v Xo¿Øm¬

Xocm-Ø-bX _m≤y-X-I-sf-∏-‰n-sb-¥p-]-d-bm\p≠v? Xe-apd Xe-ap-

d-bmbv D≠m-hp∂ \oNcpw in£n-°-s∏-Sm-Ø-h-cp-amb CØcw Ip‰-

hm-fn-Isf ip≤o-I-cn-°m≥ tbip-hns‚ GXm\pw \nan-jsØ \c-

Ihmkw aXn-bm-Iptam?

in£ ]¶p-sh-°¬ XpS-cp∂p

Hcp Ip‰-hm-fn-°p-ff in£ as‰m-cmƒ°v am‰n-s°m-Sp-°p∂Xv a\p-

jy-]-IrXn Hcn-°epw AwKo-I-cn-°n√. AØ-c-Øn-ep-ff hyXy-kvXhpw

Kuc-hm-h-l-hp-amb as‰mcp Xcw Ip‰-ßsf]‰n \ap°v ]cym-tem-Nn-

°mw. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Hcp sIm®p-Ip-ńsb Hcp Iiva-e≥ Iqc-ambn

]oUn-∏n-°p-Itbm _em¬kwKw sNøp-Itbm sNbvXXn\p tijw

AXns\ h[n-®p-I-f-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. a\p-jy-XzØns‚ kl-\o-

bXbpsS F√m ]cn-[nbpw ChnsS ewLn-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂ Imcy-Øn¬



bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-√. AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp Ip‰-hmfn AXp-t]m-

se-bp≈Xpw AXn-t\-°mƒ tLmc-hp-amb Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßƒ \oXn-]o-T-

Øns‚ IÆp sh´n®p-sIm≠v A\p-kyqXw \n¿∆-ln-°p∂p F∂v Icp-

Xp-I. B Ip‰-hmfn a\p-jy-I-c-ß-fm¬ in£n-°-s∏-SmsX t]mhp-Ibpw

sNøp∂p F∂pw k¶-ev]n-°p-I. acWw kam-K-X-ambt∏mƒ Abmƒ

hn[n-\m-fnse in£-bn¬ \n∂pw c£-s∏-Sm≥ \n›-bn-®p. DS-s\-Xs∂

tbip-In-kvXp-hns\ Xs‚ c£-I-\mbn hniz-kn-®p. Abm-fpsS ]m]-

sa√mw Dcp-In-sbm-en-®p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw Abmƒ°v Hcp \h-PmX inip-

hn-s\-t]mse ]m]-c-ln-X-\mbn ]c-tem-IØv D√-kn®v XØn-°-fn®v

\S-°m\pw km[n-°ptam? Hcp-]t£, acWw Bk-∂-am-Ip-∂Xv hsc

tbip-hn¬ hniz-kn-°msX amdn-\n¬°p-∂-bmft√ t\csØ tbip-

hns\ hniz-kn® Btf-°mƒ _p≤n-am≥! t\csØ hniz-kn-°p-∂-

bmsf kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw hniz-kn-®-Xn\v tij-ap≈ Ime-b-f-hn¬

Ip‰w sNøm\pw ]nim-Nns‚ ]nSn-b-e-I-s∏-Sp-hm-\p-ap≈ Ah-kcw IqSp-

X-em-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v tbip-hn-ep≈ \nß-fpsS hnizmkw Ih¿s∂-

Sp-°-s∏-Sm\pw ]nim-Nn\v Ah-kcw \¬I-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m\pw \nßƒ°v

acWw hsc F¥p-sIm≠v ImØn-cp-∂p-IqSm? ChnsS `qan-bn¬ Ip‰-

Ir-Xy-ß-fp-tSbpw Bkzm-Z-\-Øns‚bpw kzO-µ-Po-hn-Xhpw ]p\¿P-

∑-Øn¬ ]m]-hn-tam-N-\-Øns‚ imiz-X- -Po-hn-Xhpw e`n-°pw. Xo¿®-

bmbpw CsXmcp em`°-®-h-S-amWv.

CXmtWm InkvXym-\n-Iƒ ssZh-Øn¬ Btcm-]n-°p∂ \oXn-

t_m[w? sX‰pw icnbpw hnth-Nn-®-dn-bm≥ km[y-am-ImØ \oXn-

t_m[hpw a\- m-£n-bpw krjvSn® AØcw ssZhw ]q¿W-ambpw

a\p-jy-a-\- m-£n°v Akzo-Im-cy-\m-Wv.

a-\p-jym-\p- -h-ß-fp-tSbpw Nn¥mtijnbp-tSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬

Cu ]iv\w ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ ASn-ÿm\an√mØ \nc¿∞-I-amb

Hcp kn≤m¥w F∂ \ne°v Hcmƒ°v CXns\ A]-e-]n-°m-\p≈

F√m Ah-Im-i-ß-fp-ap-≠v. bmYm¿∞y-an-√m-ØXpw A¥- m-c-iq-\y-

hp-am-Wn-Xv. a\p-jym-\p-`-h-ßƒ \sΩ ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv Hcmƒ as‰m-cm-

fpsS ssIøm¬ ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏´ Bƒ

°mWv s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°m\pw s]mdpØp sImSp°mXncn°m-\p-ap≈

hntijm-[n-Im-c-ap-≈-Xv. Nne-t∏mƒ c-W-Iq-S-ßƒ tZiob Zn\-ß-fmbn

BtLm-jn-°p-tºmtgm a‰p Imc-W-ß-fmepw hnth-N\w IqSmsX Ip‰-

hm-fn-Iƒ°v s]mXp-am∏v ]Jym-]n-°m-dp-≠v. ]t£ \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fmb

Xs‚ kl-]u-c-∑m¿°v A]-cn-lm-cyhpw imiz-X-hp-amb ZpxJ-ßƒ

kΩm-\n-®-h¿°v sImSp-°p∂ Cu s]mXp-am∏v sIm≠pamXw Ah¿



sNbvX Ip‰-ßƒ \oXo-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. apJw t\m°m-sX \¬Ip∂

`c-W-Iq-S-ß-fpsS Cu s]mXpam∏v Hcp hn[-Øn-epw \ymbo-I-cn-°-s∏-

Sm-hp-∂-X-s√-¶n¬ CXv InkvXy≥ ssZh-im-kvXnIƒ \oXn XØz-

Øns‚ ewL-\-am-sW∂v KWn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ F¥p-sIm≠v Cu acymZ

XØzw ssZh-Øn\p IqSn _m[-I-am-°n-s°m-≠v, Ah\v CjvS-ap-≈-

h¿°v s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-sW∂ XØzw AwKo-I-cn-®p-sIm-

Sp-Øp-Iq-Sm? ssZhw ]c-am-[n-Im-cnbpw F√m-‰n-s‚bpw kjvSm-hpw, bP-

am-\-\p-am-Wv. Xs‚ kl-N-c-tcmSv A]-cm[w sNbvX GsXm-cp-

a\pjy\pw ssZhw am∏p-\¬Ip-∂p-sh-¶n¬, A]-cm-[-Øn\v hnt[-b-

\m-b-h\v HuZm-cy]q¿∆w ]cn-lmcw sNbvXv Xr]vXn-s∏Sp-Øm≥ A]-

cn-an-X-amb Ign-hp-I-fp≈ bP-am-\-\p-am-W-h≥. Aß-s\-bm-hp-tºmƒ

Ahs‚ \nc-]-cm-[n-bmb ]pXs‚ XymK-Øns‚ Bh-iy-sa¥v? CXv

\oXn-X-ØzsØ ]cn-lm-ky-am°nØo¿°p-∂p.\mw ssZh-Øns‚ KpW-

ßƒ kzmwio-I-cn-°m≥ krjvSn-°-s∏-´-h-cm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v ssZhw

ss__n-fn¬ ]Jym-]n-°p-∂p.

""A\-¥cw ssZhw Acpƒ sNbvXp: "\ΩpsS ]Xn-Om-b-bn¬

\ap°p kZr-i\mbn a\p-jys\ \mw \n¿an-°s´' (D¬]: 1:28) Cu

hnjbw hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p:

A√mlp GsXmcp ]Ir-Xn-bn¬ a\p-jys\ krjvSn-®p-thm B

]IrXn (ssI-s°m-≈p-I) (30:31)

Cu kn≤m¥w apkvenwIƒ°pw InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°pw Hcp-t]mse

_m[-I-am-Wv. AXm-bXv \n›nX kml-N-cy-Øn¬ a\p-jy-a-\- m£n

ssZhnI KpW-ß-fpsS ]Xn- -e\ Z¿∏-W-ambn Xotc-≠-Xp-≠v. \ΩpsS

ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-Ønse A\p-`-h-k-Xy-ß-fm-W-h. \mw \oXn-bpsS

XØz-ßsf sX√p-t]mepw ewLn-°msX s]mdpØp sImSp-°m-dp-≠v.

\ap°v hy‡n-]-c-ambn \jvS-ap-≠m-°nb Hc-]-cm[w sNbvX-bmƒ°v

s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°m≥ GX‰w hscbpw \ap°v t]mIm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Hcp Ip´n Ahs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°tfmSv A\p-k-c-W-t°Sv Im´p-I-tbm,

Ah-cpsS hne-]n-Sn-∏p≈ ho´p-]-I-c-W--ßƒ tISp-h-cp-Øp-I-tbm, Ah-

cpsS k¬t]-cn\v If¶w Nm¿Øp∂ Fs¥-¶nepw ]h¿Øn-°p-Itbm

sNbvXm¬ Ah-tcmSp sX‰p sNbvX-h-\mbnØocp∂p. amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ

Ah¿°v a\- m£n°pØn-√msX B Ip‰-ßƒ s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-

°p∂p. \oXn-bpsS XØzw ChnsS ewLn-°-s∏-´-Xmbn Bcpw Ahsc



Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øn-√. F∂m¬ Ah-cpsS Iqń Ab¬ho-´p-Im-cpsS hkvXp-

°ƒ \in-∏n-°p-Ibpw Ah-cpsS Ipń-Isf ]cn-t°¬∏n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXm¬, a‰p-≈-h¿°v Ah≥ aqe-ap-≠mb \jvS-Øn\v ]I-c-ambn

Ahs‚ amXm-]n-Xm-°ƒ Ah\v s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-Øm¬ aXntbm? Ah-

c-ßs\ sNbvXp-sh-¶n¬ AXm-bn-cn°pw Ah-cpsS a\- m-£-n°-\p-

k-cn®p Xs∂-bp≈ \oXn-t_m-[-Øns‚ ewL-\w.

Imcyhpw Imc-Whpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘-Øn\v ka-amWv Ip‰hpw

in£bpw XΩn-ep≈ _‘w. CXv Hc-f-thmfw B\p-]m-Xn-I-am-bn-cn-

t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Ip‰-Øn-s‚bpw in£-bpsSbpw Cu hiw kmº-Øn-I-

amb CS-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ hogvN hcp-Øn-b-Xns‚bSn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Hc-f-

thmfw \mw hni-Zo-I-cn®p Ign-™p. \nc-]-cm-[n-Isf ]cn-t°¬∏n-°¬,

AwK-hn-tO-Z\w sNø¬, sIme-]m-XIw As√-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS k¬t]-

cn\v If¶w Nm¿Ø¬ apX-emb Kpcp-X-c-amb Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ß-fnepw CtX

hmZw Xs∂ _m[-I-am-Wv. Ip‰-Ir-Xy-Øns‚ òI-cX IqSp-∂-Xn-\-\p-

k-cn®v in£-bpsS Xoh-Xbpw IqS-W-sa∂v Hcmƒ ]Xo-£n-°p∂p.

\m\m-hn-[-Øn-ep≈ F√m A]-cm-[-ßfpw s]mdp-Øp-X-cp-hm≥ ssZh-

Øn\v Ign-hp-≠v. Fs‚ hnizm-k-]-Imcw Ah∂v Htc Hcmƒ°v

amXta AXn\v Ign-bq. At∏mƒ ]ns∂ \nc-]-cm-[n-bmb Hcp a\p-

jys\ in£n-®p-sIm≠v ]m]-]-cn-lmcw \n¿∆-ln-t°-≠p∂ ]iv\w

Xs∂ DZn-°p-∂n-√. F¥m-bn-cp-∂mepw Hcp Ip‰-hm-fn-bpsS in£ \nc-

]-cm-[n-bmb as‰m-cm-fn-te°v Abm-fpsS kΩ-X-]-Imcw am‰p-∂-XmWv

]iv\-sa-¶n¬ B Ip‰-Øn\v Xpey-amb in£ bmsXmcp G‰-°p-d-

®nepw IqSmsX am‰-s∏-S-W-sa-∂mWv \oXn Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-I. \mw

AXns\ ]‰n th≠X ]Xn-]m-Zn-®p-I-gn-™p.

\oXn-bpsS Cu B¥-cn-I-t]-cW ]nXm-hmb ssZh-Øns‚

B⁄ ]Im-c-am-Wv ]pX-\mb tbip-hn¬ Btcm-]n-°-s∏-´Xv

F∂mtWm InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv? Aßs\-bm-sW-¶n¬

tbip P\n® A∂p-ap-X¬ A¥y-\mƒhsc InkvXob cmPy-ß-fn-

ep≈ kIe Ip‰hm-fn-I-fp-tSbpw Ip‰-ßƒ°p≈ in£ Hcp-an-®p-IqSn

AXn-tLm-c-amb ss]im-NnI ImTn-\y-Øn-te°v AXv B‰n-°p-dp°n

sIm≠p-h-∂p-sh-¶n¬ tbip aq∂v cmhpw aq∂p ]Iepw A\p-`-hn®

XymK-ßƒ ta¬ hnh-cn® Ip‰-hm-fn-I-fpsS Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßƒ°pw C\n

`mhn-bn¬ sNøm-\n-cn-°p∂ Ip‰-ßƒ°pw ]I-c-ambn Xocptam?!

Aßs\-bm-sW-¶n¬ Hcp InkvXy≥ `c-W-Iq-Shpw InkvXym-\nsb

in£n-°m≥ ]mSn-√. in£n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv hºn® A\oXn

sNøp-∂-Xn\v Xpey-am-bn-cn-°pw. Hcp InkvXy≥ Ip‰-hm-fn-s°-Xnsc



hn[n-\ymbw ]q¿Øn-bm-°n-b-Xn\v tijw \nb-a-t°m-SXn B Ip‰-hm-

fn-tbmSv ssZh-]p-X-\mb tbip-hn-t\mSv ]m¿∞n-°m≥ ]d-tb-≠-Xp-

≠v. AtXm-Sp-IqSn ]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Spw. B A≤ymbw AS-bp-

Ibpw sNbvXp. B Ip‰-hm-fn-bpsS Ip‰-ß-sf√mw tbip-hns‚ A°u-

≠n¬ hchv tN¿°-s∏´ Hcp tIkmbn amdpw.

hni-Zo-I-c-W-Øn\v th≠n Ata-cn-°-bn¬ \S-°p∂ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-

ß-fpsS Ah-ÿ-bn-te°v i≤ tIµo-I-cn-°mw. hgn-t]m-°s\ sIm≈-

b-Sn-°p-I, sIme-]m-XIw XpSßn Hcp IW-s°-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bm-Ø-

bX Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßƒ AhnsS km¿∆-Xn-I-am-Wv. Hcn-°¬ Rm≥

\yqtbm¿°n-ep-≈-t∏mƒ sIme-]m-X-I-ßƒ dnt∏m¿´v sNøm≥th≠n

amX-ap≈ Hcp tdUntbm Syq¨ sNbvX-Xmbn Hm¿°p-∂p. AXv `bm-

\-I-am-sbmcp A\p-`-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. lrZ-bt`Z-I-amb B ]cn-]mSn Ac-

a-Wn-°q-dn-eIw kabw tI´p-\n¬°m≥ F\n-°m-bn-√. an°-hmdpw

Hmtcm A©p-an-\n-´nepw Hcp sIme-]m-XIw hoXw Ac-tß-dp-∂Xv

dnt∏m¿´p sNø-s∏´ncp∂p. tLmc- o-I-c-amb B IrXy-ßƒ°v km£yw

hln-®p-sIm-≠p≈ X¬k-ab ]t£-]-W-ß-fm-bn-cn°pw Nne-t∏mƒ

\S-°p-I. Ata-cn-°-bnse Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßsf kw_-‘n®v hni-Zo-I-cn-

°-e√ \ΩpsS Dt±-iyw. ]t£, C∂v Ata-cn-°-bn¬ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßƒ

AXn-ioLw s]cp-In-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-sW∂ Imcyw Hcp-s]m-Xp-hn-

h-c-amWv. ]tXy-In®v henb \K-c-ß-fmb Nn°mtKm, \yqtbm¿°v,

hmjnw-KvS¨ apX-emb ÿe-ß-fn¬. \yqtbm¿°n¬ \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fmb

hgn-bm-X-°msc sIm≈-b-Sn-°p-Ibpw AXns\ sNdp-°p∂ Bfp-I-

fpsS Ah-b-h-ßƒ tOZn®p If-b-epw -k¿∆-km-[m-c-W-am-Wv. sNdnb

t\´ßƒ°p-th≠n Znt\\ \S-°p∂ Cu AwK-tO-Z-\-Øn-t‚bpw

sIme-]m-X-I-ß-fp-tSbpw NnXw AXy¥w Akp-J-]-Z-am-Wv.

temIØv \nc-¥cw h¿≤n-®p-h-cp∂ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßƒ am‰n-\n¿Ømw.

Ata-cn-°sb amXw \mw FSp-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ InkvXy≥ aX-k-¶-

ev]-Ønse ]m]hpw ]m]-]-cn-lm-chpw XΩn¬ AXn-∂p≈ _‘w

I≠v B›-cy-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥ B¿°pw km[y-a-√. ]mtbm-KnI Pohn-

X-Øn¬ InkvXob aqey-ßfn¬ \n∂pw Ah¿ FX-amXw AI-∂p-

\n-∂mepw Npcp-ßn-bXv InkvXob kn≤m-¥-amb ]m]-Ønepw ]m]-

]-cn-lm-c-Ønepw Ah¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. tbip-hn-s\ c£-I-\m-bpw-

Ah¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. IjvSw, AXp-sIm≠v F¥v Imcyw! Ata-cn-°-

bnse Inan-\-ep-Ifn¬ _lp- q-cn-]-£hpw InkvXym-\n-Iƒ F∂p hnfn-

°-s∏-Sp-∂-h-cm-Wv. apkvenwIfpw a‰p-≈-hcpw C√m-Xn-√. AX-hnsS

\n¬°-s´. hnizm-kn-I-fmb ]m]n-Iƒ°v th≠n tbip tkOm-]q¿∆w



hcn® _en-bn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h-cmWv Cu Ip‰-hm-fn-Iƒ F∂-Xp-

sIm≠v amXw Ah¿°v ssZhw s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°ptam? Aßs\-

bm-sW-¶n¬ GXv coXn-bn¬? A¥n-a-ambn Ah-cn¬ Hc-f-thmfw Ip‰-

hm-fn-Isf B cmPysØ \nbaw ]nSn-IqSn in£n-°p-∂p. ]t£ h¿j-

ß-tfmfw Ip‰IrXy-ßƒ XpS¿®-bmbn \S-Øn-bn´pw ]nSn-°-s∏-

SmØhcpw sNbvX Ip‰-ß-fn¬ Nne-Xn\v amXw in£n-°-s∏- -h-cpap≠v.

Cu temIØv \nb-a-Øn¬ in£n-°-s∏´h¿°pw \nb-a-Øns‚

]nSn-bn-sem-Xp-ßmsX Ign-bp-∂-h¿°pw InkvXp-a-X-Øn\v \¬Ip-hm-

\p-ff hmKvZm-\-sa-¥mWv? Ch¿ c≠p Iq´cpw tXmXv hyXym-k-a-\p-

k-cn®v in£n-°-s∏-Sptam? AX√ Hcp t]mse in£n-°-s∏-Sptam?

tbip-hn¬ hniz-kn°p∂ Imc-W-Øm¬ Ip‰-hm-fn-bpsS ]m]-

tam-N-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ as‰mcp k∂n-Kv[hpw Ahy-‡-hp-amb

]tl-fnI C]-Im-c-am-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Hcp InkvXym\n \nc-]-

cm-[n-bmb AssI-kvX-hs\Xnsc Hcp Ip‰w sNbvXp-sh∂v sh°pI.

tbip-hn-ep≈ hnizm-k-Øns‚ A\p-K-l-Øm¬ B Ip‰-hm-fn°p

Xo¿®bmbpw ssZhw s]mdpØp sImSp-°pw. ]t£ B Ip‰-Øns‚

in£ tbip-hns‚ IW-°n-te°v am‰-s∏-Spw. ]m]w \nc-]-cm-[n-bmb

B AssI-kvX-hs‚ em`-\-jvS-°-W-°ns‚ ÿnXn-sb-¥m-bn-cn°pw?

]mhw InkvXphpw ]mhw \nc-]-cm-[nbpw Ah¿ sNømØ Ip‰-Øn\v

shdpsX in£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.!

InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ DZbw apX¬ ]f-b-Imew hsc am\-h-N-cn-

X-Øn¬ Ac-tß-dn-bn-´p≈ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ß-sf-∏‰n Nn¥n-°p-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬ \ΩpsS _p≤n `an-®p-t]m-Ipw. Cu ]m]-Ir-Xy-ß-sf√mw tbip-

hns‚ IW-°n¬ hchv sh°p-I-bmtWm? ssZ-h-Øns‚ im¥nbpw

A\p-K-lhpw tbip-hn¬ h¿jn-°-s´. AXn-Zo¿L-amb Imew \S-∂p-

h∂ Cu Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ß-sf√mw tbip kln®p F∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂

lkz-amb aq∂v Znh-ksØ XymK-Øn∂p ]Icw sh°-s∏-Sp-sa-

∂mtWm? ]m]-ß-fpsS sImSpw hnjw sIm≠vv aeo-a-k-amb Ip‰-Ir-

Xy-ß-fpsS Cu alm-k-apZw apgp-h\pw tbip-hn¬ hniz-kn-°pI F∂

H‰ IrXyw sIm≠v ip≤o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw a[p-c-X-c-am-Ip-Ibpw

sNøp∂p! CXv Hcmsf A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv Xs∂-bm-Wv. ho≠pw

Hcm-fpsS Nn¥sb AXn-]p-cm-X-\-Im-e-tØ°v ]pd-tIm´p sIm≠p-t]m-

Ip-I-bm-Wv. ]mhw BZapw l∆-bpw, kmØm≥ ka¿∞-ambn NXn-®-

h-ebn¬ hogvØn-bXv sIm≠v amXw \njv°-f-¶- _p≤n-bm¬ \S-

Ønb Hc-]-cm-[-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. F-¥p-sIm≠v Ah-cpsS ]m]hpw



]q¿Æ-ambn Igp-In°f-™n√? Ah¿°v ssZh-Øn¬ hnizm-k-an-√m-

bn-cpt∂m? ]nXm-hmb ssZh-Øn-ep≈ Ah-cpsS hnizmkw Hcp \n m-

c-amb k¬°¿-Ω-ambn-cpt∂m? ssZh-Øn\v Xt∂m-sSm∏w imiz-X-

\mbn Hcp ]pX-\p-s≠∂ Imcyw Ahsc Adn-bn-°m-Xncp-∂Xv Ah-

cpsS Ip‰w-sIm-≠mtWm? F¥p-sIm-≠v Cu "ssZh-]p-X≥' BZ-an-

t\mSpw l∆-tbmSpw A\p-I-º-Im-Wn-°p-Itbm Ah-cpsS ]m]-Øn\p

IqSn ]I-c-ambn Xs∂ in£n-°-W-sa∂v A`y¿∞n-°p-Itbm

sNbvXn√?

BZ-an-t‚bpw l∆-bp-tSbpw `mK-Øp-\n-∂p≈ Hcp aplq¿Ø-Øn-

ep-≠mb B CS¿®°v amXw in£ \¬Is∏-´n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ FX

Ffp-∏-am-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Bcpw BK-ln-®p-t]m-Ipw. Aßn-s\-bm-

bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ hn[n-bpsS ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ apgp-h≥ a\p-jy-cm-in-bpsS

Ncn-Xhpw am‰n-sb-gp-X-s∏-Sp--am-bn-cp-∂p. AXm-bXv BZ-an\pw l∆°pw

th≠n kz¿§obamb Hcp qan ]Icw krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-ambn-cp∂p. Ah-

cpsS Ak-¥p-jvS-cmb FÆ-a‰ k¥-Xn-I-tfm-sSm-∏w Ahsc imiz-X-

ambn kz¿§-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]pd-Øm-°-s∏-Sp-ambn-cp-∂n-√. BZ-ans‚ ]m]-

Øns‚ ^e-ambn tbiphn\pw aq∂v cmhpw ]Iepw kz¿§w \ncmIcn-

°-s∏-SpIbp≠m-bn. k¶-S-I-camb Imcyw ssZhtam tbipthm CXns\

]‰n Nn¥n-®n-√ F∂-Xm-Wv. \n¿`m-Ky-I-c-sa∂v ]d-b-s´, kvt\l-bm-

Ym¿∞y-amb ]cn-ip-≤-\mb tbip Fßs\-bmWv hnNn-Xhpw Ahn-

iz-k-\o-b-hp-amb anØmbn amdn-b-sX∂v t\m°q.

\oXn-]m-e-\hpw s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°epw

Ip‰-sØbpw in£-tbbpw Ipdn-®p≈ InkvXob kn≤m¥w

\njv]-£-\mb Hcp [nj-Wm-im-ensb Bi-b-°p-g-∏-Øn-em-°p-sa∂v

amX-a√ Ah-\n¬ Aº-c-∏n-°p∂ At\Iw ka-ky-Iƒ Db¿Øp-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. InkvXy≥ ]m]-tam-N-\-kn-≤m-¥-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb

\oXn-]m-e-\w, s]mdp-ØpsIm-Sp-°¬ F∂o k¶¬∏--ßƒ F¥p-

sIm≠v ssZh-Øn\v s]mdp-Øp-sImSp°m≥ Ign-bp-∂n-√ F∂ Imcyw

hni-Zo-I-cn®p sImSp-°m≥ ian-°m-dp-≠v. \oXn-]m-e-\-hpw, s]mdp-Øp-

sIm-Sp-°epw H∏-Øn-s\m∏w sIm≠p-t]m-Im≥ km[y-a√ F∂

XnI®pw sX‰m-bXpw IrXn-a-am-b-Xp-amb \oXn-k-¶¬∏-Øns‚ ASn-

ÿm-\-Øn-emWv Cu InkvXob hni-Zo-I-cWw. AX-ß-s\-bn-cn-°s´.

]t£ a\p-jy-_-‘-ßsf kw_-‘n-®p≈ ]iv\-ßƒ N¿® sNøp-

tºmƒ F¥p-sIm≠mWv InkvXob kphn-ti-j-ßƒ s]mdp-Øp-sIm-

Sp-°-ens\ kw_-‘n®v AXy-[nIw Du∂¬ sIm-Sp-°p-∂-Xv? Rm≥



hmbn® aX-ß-fpsS Znhy-K-Ÿ-ß-fn-sem∂pw Xs∂ GI-]-£o-b-amb

s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°-ens\ kw_-‘n®v CXbpw Du∂n-∏-d-bp∂ A≤ym-

]-\-ßƒ I≠n- n-√. blq-Z-cpsS ]c-º-cm-KX aXm-≤ym-]-\-ß-fn¬ ImW-

s∏-Sp∂ \oXn XØz-ß-fp-ambn CXn\v Aº-c-∏n-°p∂ sshcp-≤y-ap≠v.

IÆn\v ]Icw IÆv, ]√n\v ]Icw ]√v AXm-bn-cp∂p blq-Z-\o-X-n.

Ie¿∏n-√m-ØXpw efn-Xhpw Xpe-\m-fl-I-hp-amb \oXn-bm-bn-cp∂p

AXv. CXn¬ \n∂v \mS-Io-b-amb ]n∑m-‰-amWv \ap°v InkvXob

kn≤m-¥-ß-fn¬ ImWm≥ km[n-°p-I. AXm-bXv Hcp sNIn-´-Ø-Sn-

®m¬ at‰ sNInSpw ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°pI F∂ A≤ym-]-\w. tXmd-

bpsS ]gb A≤ym-]-\-ßƒs°-Xn-cmbn BcmWv ]pXnb A≤ym-]-\-

ßƒ Ah¿°v \¬In-bXv? ]nXm-hmb ssZh-Øns‚ tXmd-bnse

BZysØ A≤ym-]\ßƒ°v IS-Ihn-cp-≤-amWv ssZh-Øns‚ ]pX-

\mb InkvXp-hns‚ ]pXnb \nb-a-Ønse A≤ym-]\w F∂Xv

Bcnepw B›-cy-ap-f-hm-°n-t√? Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ F¥p-sIm≠v

ssZh-Øns‚ ]pX≥ Xs‚ ]nXm-hns‚ A≤ym-]-\-Øn\v IS-I-hn-cp-

≤-amb \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn®p? ]Xn-Im-c-Øn\v Du∂¬ \¬In-s°m-

≠p≈ blq-Z-\n-b-a-Øn\v FXn-cm-bn-s°m≠v \ncp-]m-[n-I- am-∏ns‚

InkvXob kao-]\w ssZh-Øn¬\n-∂p-ap-≠mb t\¿hn]-co-X-amb Hcp

am‰-Øns‚ DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. ]pX-\n-ep-≠mb AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ am‰w

P\n-X-I-]c-amb sshI-eytam ]cn-Wm-a-Øn-ep-≠mb am‰tam BIm-

sa∂p Icp-tX-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tamk-kn\pw thZ-°m¿°pw \¬Inb

A≤ym-]-\-ßsftbm¿Øv ssZhw Bflm¿∞-ambn ]›m-Ø-]n-®-

Xmbpw X\n°v kzbw ]‰nb sX‰v Xncp-Øp-hm≥ hfsc BK-

ln®Xmbpw ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.

apkvenwIƒ F∂ \ne°v tamk-kn¬ \n∂pw tbiphnte-°p≈

Cu ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb hyXn-bm-\-Øn¬ Rßƒ bmsXmcp sshcp-

≤yhpw Z¿in-°p-∂n-√. ImcWw \oXn-]m-e-\-Øn-s‚bpw s]mdp-Øp-

sIm-Sp-°-en-s‚bpw c≠v KpW-ßfpw ]c-kv]cw s]mcp-Ø-t°-Sn-√msX

ka-\z-bn-®-Xmbn Rßƒ ImWp-∂p. Rßsf kw_-‘n-®nStØmfw

blqZ \nb-a-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ tbip-hns‚ Cu am‰w Hcp sX‰p-Xn-cp-

Ø-em-bn-cp-∂n-√. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ B ssZhn-I-\n-b-a-ßƒ blq-Zn-Iƒ

sX‰mbn \S-∏m-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p sNbvX-Xv. ssZhw \oXn-am≥ amX-

a√ s]mdpØp sImSp-°p-∂-h\pw Imcp-Wy-hm\pw Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-

am-sW∂v Rßƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. ]m]w s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°m≥

ssZhw Dt±-in-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXn-∂mbn ]pdØv \n∂p≈ Bcp-sSbpw

klm-b-Øn-\p-th≠n Ah\v ImØp-\n¬t°-≠-Xn-√. F∂m¬



InkvXob ho£-W-tIm-Wn¬ IqSn t\m°p-tºmƒ Cu ]iv\w

hºn® sshcp-≤y-ßƒ krjvSn-°p-∂p. AXm-bXv tXmd-bnse ssZh-

Øn\v \oXn-]m-e-\-sØ-°p-dn®v amXta Adnbq F∂v ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p.

B ssZh-Øn∂v Imcp-Wy-sØ-°p-dnt®m A\p-I-ºsb°pdnt®m Adn-

hn-√. FX Xs∂ BK-ln-®mepw icn ssZh-Øn\v s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-

°m\pw Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. At∏mƒ kw`-hn-®Xv ImWp-I. ssZh-

Øns‚ klm-b-Øn-\mbn ssZh-Øns‚ ]pX≥ FØp-∂p. Aßs\

ssZhw AI-s∏´ sImSnb hnj-a-hr-Ø-ß-fn¬ \n∂p ssZh]p-X≥

ssZhsØ tamNn-∏n -°p-∂p. AXm-bXv ]Xn-Im-c-Øns‚ DK-

aq¿Ønbmb ]nXm-hn-s\-Xnsc Imcp-Wy-Øns‚ aq¿Øn-km-I-ey-am-bn-

cp-∂p ]pX≥ F∂v \mw ImWp-∂p. a\p-jy-a-\- m-£nsb Akz-ÿ-

am-°p∂ tIh-e-samcp Akw-_‘w amX-a√ Cu ]pX-k-¶-ev]w.

AXn-ep-]-cn-bmbn ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw ]pX-s‚bpw "hy‡n-Xz-Øn-ep≈'

sshcp-≤y-ßƒ Hcn-°¬IqSn AXv Db¿Øn-s°m≠phcp-∂p. AXm-

bXv tbip-InkvXp ssZh-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ KpW-ap≈ ]pX-\mbn

ImW-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Hcp-]t£ InkvXp ssZh-Øns‚ P\n-X-I-]-c-amb

Hcp A_≤-am-bn-cn-°mw.

At\z-j-W-Øns‚ as‰mcp ][m-\-s∏´ taJe ]m]-sØ-°p-

dn®pw AXns‚ ]Xym-Lm-X-ß-sf-°p-dn-®p-ap≈ aX-ß-fpsS kao-]-\-

sØ-∏-‰n-bmWv. Xo¿®-bmbpw InkvXp-aXw amX-amWv temIsØ

shfn-]m-Sp-a-X-sa∂v Icp-Xm-\m-hn-√. P\-kw-Jym-]-c-ambn AssI-kvX-

h-cmWv InkvXym-\n-I-sf-°mƒ IqSp-X¬. tbip-InkvXp P\n-°p-∂-

Xn\v Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v h¿j-ßƒ°v apºv Xs∂ \nc-h[n aXßƒ

P∑w sIm≈p-Ibpw temI-Øns‚ hnhn-[-`m-K-ß-fnse a\p-jy-k-aq-

l-ß-fn¬ thcp-]n-Sn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Cu aX-ß-sfm∂pw

InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ]mb-›nØ kn≤m-¥-hp-ambn A¬∏-sa-¶nepw

_‘-ap≈ ]m]tamN\sØ kw_-‘n®v Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw kwkm-cn-

®n-´pt≠m? ssZhsØ kw_-‘n®v As√-¶n¬ Ah¿ C∂v hniz-kn-

°p∂ _lp-ssZ-h-ßsf kw_-‘n®v Ah-cpsS k¶¬∏-sa-¥mWv?

]m]n-I-fmb a\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-ßtfmSv ssZhw Fßs\ s]cp-am-dp-sa-

∂mWv Cu aX-ßƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv?

aX-ßsf ]c-kv]cw Xmc-Xayw sNøp-tºmƒ Hcp-]t£ InkvXp-

a-X-hp-ambn G‰hpw ASpØv \n¬°p-∂Xv lnµp-a-X-am-Wv. CXpw `mKn-

I-ambn amX-amWv icn. lnµp-°ƒ ssZh-Øns‚ tIh-e-\o-Xn-]m-e-I-

Xz-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. ]m]w sNbvX a\p-jys\ AXns‚ Af-h-

\p-k-cn-®p in£n-°-W-sa∂v lnµp-°-fpsS ssZh-Øn\v \n¿_-‘-amWv.



]t£ Cu kmayX ChnsS Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p. temI-Øp≈ F√m

]m]n-I-fp-tSbpw ]m]w, Npa-en-te-‰p∂ Hcp ]pXs\∏‰n hfsc hnZq-c-

am-bn t]mepw lnµp-aXw ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂n-√. AXn-\p-]-Icw a\p-jym-

flmhv arK-Øns‚ ico-c-Øn¬ ]th-in®v \S-Øp∂ ]m]-Øn-t‚bpw

in£-bp-tSbpw A\¥hpw FÆ-a‰Xpamb hnhn-[-ß-fmb ]p\¿-P-∑-

ßsf Ipdn-®mWv lnµp-aXw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. sNbvXp Xo¿Ø Ip‰-

ßƒs°√mw in£ A\p-`-hn-®-ti-jta Bflmhn\v tamN\w e`y-am-

Ip-∂p-≈q. CXv Xo¿®-bm-bpw `bm-\-Ihpw kvtXm`-P-\-I-hp-am-Wv.

]t£ CXn¬ \oXn-]m-e-\-Øns‚ XØz-imkvXw Dƒs∏-´n-´p-≠v.

tIhe \oXn-bpsS k¶¬∏-Øns‚ ka anXn (Symmetry) hfsc

Xpe-\m-fl-I-ambn ]cn-]q¿Æ \ne-bn¬ CXn¬ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

Imcy-Im-cW _‘-Øns‚ kI-e-hn[ k¶o¿Æ-X-Ifpw Dƒs°m-

≈p∂ ]p\¿P-∑-Øns‚ XØz-imkvXw ]d-bp∂ lnµp-a-X-tØbpw

AXp-t]mse as‰√m aX-ß-tfbpw shdpsX hnSp-I. temIØv Ah-

ti-jn-°p∂ hepXpw sNdpXp-amb a‰p aX-ßƒ ssZh-Øns‚ `mK-

Øp-\n-∂p-ap-≠m-Ip∂ s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°pI F∂ KpWsØ kw_-

‘n®v F¥v ]d-bp∂p? \q-dp-tIm-Sn-bn-e-[nIw hnizm-kn-I-fp≈ lnµp-a-

X-hpw AXp-t]m-se-bp≈ a‰p aXßfpw ]m]-tam-N\w F∂ ]tl-fn-

I-sb∏‰n H∂pw ]d-bmsX ]q¿Æ-ambpw Ah-K-Wn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. CXv

Xo¿®-bmbpw XnI-®pw hnNn-X-am-Wv. aX-N-cn-X-Øn¬ a‰n-S-ß-fnse

a\p-jy-k-aq-l-hp-ambn kwh-Zn® ssZhw ]ns∂ Bcmbncp∂p? InkvXp-

a-X-Øn¬ ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse ]nXm-hmb ssZhw A√m-bn-cp-∂pthm?

tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ t\XrXzw AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂-h-scm-gnsI as‰√m aX-

ß-fp-tSbpw \mb-IXzw ]nim-Nns‚ injy¿°mtWm? ]nXm-hmb

ssZhw At∏mƒ Fhn-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p? InkvXym-\n-I-f-√mØ a‰p a\p-

jy-k-aq-l-ßsf ssZh-Øns‚ t]cn¬ Xn∑-bn-te°v \bn-®p-sIm-≠n-

cp -∂-t∏mƒ F¥p-sIm≠v ssZhw c£-°mbn Cd-ßn-h-∂n√?

]nXmsh∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ ssZh-Øns‚ thsd h√ krjvSn-I-fp-

amtWm InkvXym-\n-I-f-√mØ a‰p a\p-jy¿? F¥p-sIm≠v Ah-tcmSv

]nXm-hmb ssZhw Hcp c≠m-\—-s\-t∏mse s]cp-amdn? F¥p-sIm≠v

Ahsc ]nim-Nns‚ Iqc-amb hnf-bm-´-Øn\p hn´p-sIm-SpØp?

Cu hnjbw \ap°v a\p-jys‚ kmam-\ym-\p- -h-ß-fp-ambn _‘-

s∏SpØn N¿® sNømw. a\p-jy-Po-hn-X-Øn¬ s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°epw

\oXn-]m-e-\hpw ka-Xp-e-\m-h-ÿ-bn¬ t]mhp∂Xv ImWmw. Cu c≠v

KpW-ßfpw ]c-kv]cw kl-I-cn®v \oßp-∂p. AXv F√m-bvt∏mgpw

]c-kv]cw FXncp \n¬°p-∂n-√. Nne-t∏mƒ \oXn-]m-e\w s]mdp-Øp-



sIm-Sp-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ AXv s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°m≥

A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂n-√. Hcp Ipń°v s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Hcp-

]t£ Ah≥ IqSp-X¬ sX‰p sNbvsX∂v hcpw. At∏mƒ s]mdp-

Øp-sIm-Sp-°¬ kzbw-Xs∂ Ip‰-Øn∂v t]c-I-am-hpw. AXv \oXn-]m-

e-\-X-Øz-Øn-s∂-Xn-cm-Wv. Hcp Ip‰-hm-fn°v s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°p-Ibpw

Ah≥ IqSp-X¬ Ip‰-Ir-Xy-ßƒ \n¿∆-ln-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬ AXv ê-Øn¬ a‰p-≈-h¿°v ]bm-k-I-c-am-bn-Øo-cp∂p.

ImcWw s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-ØXv aqew Ah-\n¬ Ip‰-hm-k\ IqSp-I-

bmWv sNbvX-Xv. AXv a‰p \nc-]-cm-[n-I-fmb ]uc-∑m¿s°-Xnsc

sNøp∂ Iqc-X°v ka-amWv. CXv \oXn-]m-e\ XØz-ßƒ°v hncp-

≤-hp-am-Wv. tbip-hns‚ ]m]-s∏m-dpXn kn≤m¥Øns‚ B\p-Iqeyw

A\p-`-hn-°p∂ \nc-h[n Inan-\-ep-Iƒ Chn-sS-bp-≠v. AXv kzbw

Xs∂ \oXn-s°-Xn-cm-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Hcp Ipń Xm≥ sNbvX

sX‰n\v ]›m-Ø-]n-°p-tºmƒ amXm-hn∂v B Ipń ho≠pw sX‰v

sNøn√ F∂v t_m[yw hcp-∂p. F¶n¬ B Ipńsb in£n-°pI

F∂Xv \oXn k¶¬∏-Øn-s∂-Xn-cm-Wv. Hcp Ip‰-hmfn ]›m-Ø-]n-

°p-tºmƒ AXv Xs∂ Ah\v in£-bm-Wv. Nne-t∏mƒ Ah\v

\¬Ip∂ _mly-in-£-tb-°mƒ FXtbm A[nIw thZ-\m-P-\-I-am-

bn-Xocpw B ]›m-Øm-]w. Hcp Ip‰w sNbvXp-t]m-bm¬ GsXmcp

a\- m-£n-bp≈ hy‡nbpw thZ-\n-°pw. a\- m-£n-bpsS Bh¿Øn-

®p-sIm-≠p≈ ]m]-t_m-[-hpw, sX‰n-te°pw ]›mØm-]-Øn-te-°pw

CS-°nsS hgp-Xn-ho-gp∂ Zp¿_-e-\mb ASn-bms\ s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-

°-s∏-Sm-\p≈ Hcp _nµp-hn-se-Øn-°p-∂p. Aßs\ ssZhw Ah\v

s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°p-∂p. CXmWv ]m]-s∏m-dp-Xn-bpsS \oXn-]m-Tw. alm-

_p-≤n-am-∑m¿°v apX¬ km[m-c-W-°m¿°v hsc ssZ\w-Zn\ Pohn-X-

Øn¬ \n∂v Cu ]mTw a\- n-em-°mw. InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ aX-kn-≤m-

¥-ßƒ (tUm-Kva) _p≤n-]-c-ambn bmsXmcp hni-I-e-\-ßfpw IqSmsX

kzoI-cn-°p∂ InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Be-ky-Øn¬ \n∂v DW-tc≠ kabw

AXn-I-an-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

InkvXp-a-X-kn-≤m-¥-ßsf kmam\y _p≤n-bp-tSbpw bp‡n-t_m-

[\Øn-t‚bpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]p\-∏-cn-tim-[-\°v hnt[-b-am-°p-

I-bm-sW-¶n¬ -AXv InkvXym-\n-Isf XnI®pw hn`n-∂hpw bmYm¿∞y-

t_m-[-hp-ap≈ \√ InkvXym-\n-I-fm-°n am‰pw. Ah-cpsS `mh-\-bn-

ep≈ ssZh-]p-X-\mb InkvXp shdpw anYy-bn¬ Ihn™v H∂p-a√.

InkvXp-hns‚ a\pjybmYm¿∞y-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-tºmƒ Ah¿°v

IqSp-X¬ ZrV-X-tbmsS kvt\l-Ønepw ka¿∏-W-Ønepw hniz-kn-



°m≥ Ign-bpw. tbip-hns‚ AXn-a-l-Ømb XymKw \ne-\n¬°p-∂Xv

CXn-lm-k-cq-]n-bmb InkvXp-hn-e-√. a\p-jy\pw ssZh-Zq-X\pw F∂

\ne°v At±lw A\p-`-hn® alm-Xym-K-Øn-em-Wv. tbip A\p-`-hn®

GXm\pw aWn-°q-dn-I-fnse oI-c-]o-U-\-Øn\v tijw Ipcn-in¬ acn®p

F∂ anØn-s\-°m-fpw acWm\-¥cw ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂p≈ At±-l-

Øns‚ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬∏n-t\-°m-fpw a\p-jy-lr-Z-b-ßsf ]nSn-®p-

Ip-ep-°p-Ibpw B¿Z]qcn-X-am-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv a\p-jy-\mb

InkvXp-hns‚ B alm-Xym-K-ßƒ Xs∂-bt√?

tbip-hn\v ]m]-]-cn-lmcw km[y-a√

Ah-km-\-tØ-Xp-w F∂m¬ ][m-\-s∏- -Xp-amb ]iv\w Hcp a\p-

jy-kvXo-bpsS aI-\mbn ]nd∂ tbip-hn\v Fßs\ ]m]-c-ln-X-\m-

bn-cn-°m≥ Ignbpw F∂-XmWv. B-Z-an-s‚bpw l∆-bp-sSbpw ]m]w

\n¿`m-Ky-hm-∑m-cmb Cu Zº-Xn-I-fpsS apgp-h≥ k¥-Xn-]-c-º-c-I-tfbpw

]m]-]-¶n-e-am-°n-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ AXns‚ kzm`m-hnI ]cn-WXn F∂

\nebv°v F√m B¨s]¨ k¥-Xn-I-fn-te°pw Cu ]m]-hm-k\

kwI-an-®n-´p-≠m-Ipw. Hcp-]-t£, kvXoP-\-ßƒ Cu ]m]-kw-I-a-

Øn\v IqSp-X¬ hnt[-b-am-bn-´p-≠m-Ipw. ImcWw BZ-ans\ ]tem--`n-

∏n-°p-hm≥ ]nimNv D]-I-c-W-am-°n-bXv kvXosb-bm-bn-cp-∂pht√m.

Bb-Xn-\m¬ ]m]-Øns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw BZ-an-t\-°mƒ IqSp-X-embn

l∆-bpsS Npa-en-emWv h∂p-ho-gp-I. tbip-hns‚ P\-\sØ (]n-Xm-

hn-√mØ P\-\w) kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw hy‡-ambpw l∆m-bpsS ]pXn-

bm-bn-cp∂p (I-\ym-a-dn-bw) _lp- q-cn-]£w ]¶pw \n¿∆-ln-®-Xv. ChnsS

i‡-ambn Db¿∂p-h-cp∂ tNmZy-an-XmWv: a\p-jy am-Xm-hns‚ Po≥

hln-°p∂ bmsXmcp tImtam-tkmapw P\n-X-I-]-c-ambn tbip-hn\v

\¬I-s∏-ń-ńt√? \¬I-s∏-ń-´p-s≠-¶n¬ BZ-ans‚ k¥-Xn-]-c-º-c-I-

fn-te°v ]I¿∂ ]m]-Øn¬ \n∂p c£-s∏-Sm≥ tbip-hn\v km[ya√.

tbip-hn\v Xs‚ amXm-hn¬ \n∂v bmsXm-cp-hn[ tImtam-tkmapw

\¬I-s∏-ń-ń-s√-¶n¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw At±-l-Øns‚ P\-\-Ønse

A¤pXw Cc-ń-°p-∂p. amXm-hn¬ \n∂pw ]nXm-hn¬ \n∂pw tImtam-

tkm-ap-Iƒ ]I¿∂p e`n-°msX Hcp Ip™v P\n-°pI F∂Xv AXni-

b-Icw Xs∂-bm-Wv. l∆-bn¬ \n∂v Zm\w sNø-s∏´ B tImtam

tkmw DÆn-tb-ip-hn\v ]I¿∂p \¬Inbt∏mƒ F¥p-sIm≠v kl-P-

amb ]m]-]-tem-`\w AXv kwh-ln-®n√ F∂Xv Zpcq-l-am-bn-cn-°p∂p!

InkvXob ktlm-Z-c-∑m-cpsS hnizm-k-a-\p-k-cn®v tbip-hn\v am\-h-

cm-inbpsS ]m]w hln-°m≥ AØ-c-samcp ]m]-c-ln-XXzw Bh-iy-

am-Wv. Cu Htc-sbmcp D]m-[n-bn-emWv InkvXym-\n-Iƒ tbiphn¬



hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xv. GXm-bmepw tbip Aßs\ ]m]-c-ln-X-\mbn P\n®p

F∂p-Xs∂ Icp-Xp-I. At∏mƒ as‰mcp ]iv\w D¤-hn-°p-∂p.

InkvXp-aXw Bhn¿`-hn-°p-∂-Xn\v apºv acn®v aÆ-Sn™ BZw k¥-

Xn-I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ F¥mWv kw`-hn-°pI F∂v Hcmƒ°v tNmZn-

°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

A©p `qJ-fi-ß-fn-embn Xe-ap-d-X-e-ap-d-bmbn temIw apgp-h≥

]c-∂p-In-S-∂n-cp∂ B a\p-jy¿ tImSm-\p-tIm-Sn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-hsc

P\n-®n-´n-√mØ Xß-fpsS c£-I-\mb tbip-hns\ kw_-‘n®v

tIƒ°pI t]mepw sNøm≥ bmsXmcp km[y-X-tbm, ]Xo-£tbm

C√m-sX, tbip-hn\v apºp≈- P\-k-aqlw Pohn-®p-a-cn-®n-´p-≠m-hpw.

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ BZ-an\pw tbip-hn\pw CS-bn-ep≈ a\p-jy-k-aqlw

Xo¿®-bmbpw Imem-Im-e-tØ-°mbn \c-I-Øn-se-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-bn- mWv

ImW-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. F¥p-sIm≠v Ah¿°v ]m]-s∏m-dp-Xn-bpsS hnZq-c-

amb Ah-kcw t]mepw \¬I-s∏-´n√? ]q¿∆-Ime ]m_-ey-tØmsS

Ah¿°v tbip-In-kvXp-hn-\m¬ s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°-s∏-Sptam? Aß-

s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ Fß-s\-bmWv s]mdp-Øp-sIm-Sp-°pI?

sIm®p-tZiamb PqZn-bsb At]-£n®v temI-Øp≈ _lp-`q-cn-

`mKw ÿe-ßfnse P\-ßfpw tbip Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂ ImeØv Xs∂

At±-l-sØ-∏‰n Adn-™n- n-√. Ah¿°v F¥v kw -hn°pw? Ah-cmcpw

Xs∂ tbip-hns‚ ssZh-]p-X-Xz-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-Itbm Ah¿°v

hniz-kn-°m-\p≈ Ah-kcw e`n-°p-Itbm sNbvXn- n-√. Ah-cpsS ]m]w

in£n-°-s∏-SmsX t]mIptam? AX√ Ah¿ in£n-°-s∏-Sptam? Ah¿

in£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ F¥p Imc-W-Øm-emWv in£n-°-s∏-Sm-Xn-

cn-°pI? C\n Ah¿ in£n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXns‚ bp‡n-

im-kvX-sa¥v? A-h¿°v F¥v Ah-k-c-amWv \¬I-s∏- n- p-≈Xv? Ah¿

XnI®pw \n -lm-b-cm-bn-cp-∂p-h-t√m. tIhe-\o-Xnsb Ipdn-®v Fs¥mcp-

hnI-e-amb `mh\!

BK--ln-°mØ XymKw

\ap°v Iqio-IcW kw`-h-Øn-te°v IS-°mw. ChnsS \mw ]cn-

l-cn-°-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bmØ Hcp hnj-a-k-‘n A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°≠n hcp-

∂p. tbip-hn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ tbip-hns\ kw_-‘n®v

\tΩmSv ZrV-ambn ]d-b-s∏-´Xv ]nXm-hmb ssZh-Øn-\p-th≠n kzbw

ka¿∏n-°-s∏´p F∂m-Wv. AXm-bXv am\-h-cm-in-bpsS ]m]-Øn\v

th≠n At±lw kzbw _en-bm-Smbn F∂v. tbip-hns‚ BK-l-km-



^-ey-Øns‚ B \nanjw kam-K-X-am-b-t∏mƒ ]m]n-I-fmb am\-h-cm-

in-bpsS Hfn-a-ßnb ]Xo-£-Iƒ°v Hcp ]pXnb bpK-Øns‚ s]m≥]p-

ecnbpsS Bcw-`-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. am\-h-N-cn-X-Ønse A\¿L-amb

Cu \n¿Wm-bI aplq¿Øw AXy-[nIw BÀm-Z-tØm-sSbpw Btam-

Z-tØm-sSbpw l¿tjm-∑m-Z-tØm-sSbpw tbip hc-th¬°p-∂Xv

ImWm≥ \mw ]Xo-£-tbmsS At±-l-Øns‚ t\sc Xncn-bp-tºmƒ

\mw AXyKm-[-ambn \ncm-i-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw \ΩpsS k¶¬∏-

ßsf√mw hoW-S-n-bpIbpw sNøpw. hnP-tbm-∑m-Z-Øns‚ B Akp-

e` \nan-j-ßƒ°v A£-a-\mbn ImØn-cn-t°≠ tbip-hn\v ]Icw

\mw ImWp-∂Xv ]nXm-hmb ssZh-tØmSv ac-W-sa∂ ssIt∏-dnb ]m\-

]mXw X∂n¬ \n∂-I-t‰-Wta F∂v Gß-e-Sn®p tXßn-°-c™p

]m¿∞n-°p∂ tbip-hn-s\-bm-Wv.

Ak-ly-Zpx-J-Øns‚ bmX-\m-]q¿Æ-amb B Imf-cmXnbn¬

]m¿∞-\m-]q¿∆w sNe-h-gn® tbip, Dd-ßn-t∏mb Xs‚ injy-cn-sem-

cmsf iIm-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ss__n-fn¬ B kw`hw Cßs\ hnh-

cn-°p-∂p:

""A\-¥cw tbip Ah-cp-ambn sKØvsi-a\ F∂ tXm´-Øn¬

h∂p. injy-∑m-tcmSv: Rm≥ AhnsS t]mbn ]m¿∞n-®p-h-cp-thmfw

ChnsS Ccn-∏n≥ F∂p ]d-™p, ]tXm-kn-s\bpw sks_Zn ]pX-

∑m¿ Ccp-h-scbpw Iq´n-s°m≠v sN∂p. ZpxJn®pw hymIp-e-s∏´pw XpS-

ßn: Fs‚ D≈w ac-W-th-Z-\-t]mse AXn-Zpx-Jn-X-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p;

ChnsS Xma-kn®p Ft∂m-Sp-IqsS DW¿∂n-cn-∏n≥ F∂p Ah-tcmSp

]d-™p. ]ns∂ Ah≥ A¬∏w apt∂m´p sN∂p. Iangv∂p hoWp:

]nXm-th, Ign-bp-sa-¶n¬ Cu ]m\-]mXw F¶¬ \n∂v \oßn-t∏m-tI-

W-ta; F¶nepw Rm≥ C—n-°pw-t]mse A√m, \o C—n°pw t]mse

BIs´ F∂p ]m¿Yn-®p. ]ns∂ Ah≥ injy-∑m-cpsS ASp-°¬

h∂p, Ah¿ Dd-ßp-∂Xp I≠p. ]tXm-kn-t\mSv: Ft∂mSv IqsS Hcp

\mgn-I-t]mepw DW¿∂n-cn-∏m≥ \nßƒ°v Ign-™n-s√tbm? ]co-£-

bn¬ AI-s∏-Sm-Xn-cn-°m≥ DW¿∂n-cp∂p ]m¿∞n-°n≥; Bflmhv

Hcp-°-ap-≈-Xv, PUtam _e-lo-\-atX F∂p]-d™p c≠m-aXpw

t]mbn: ]nXmth Rm≥ IpSn-°msX AXv \oßn-°qSm F¶n¬ \ns‚

CjvSw BIs´ F∂p ]m¿∞n-®p.'' (a-Ømbn 26:36-˛43).

InkvXob IY kzbw Xs∂ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ hkvXp-X-bn-Xm-

Wv. tbip-hn-s‚bpw At±--Øns‚ injy-∑m-cp-sSbpw ]m¿∞-\-Ifpw

A -b-bm-N-\-Ifpw ]nXm-hmb ssZhw kzoI-cn-®n-s√∂p amX-a-√, tbip-



hns‚ i‡-amb ]Xn-tj[w \ne-\n¬t° Ah-km\w At±lw Iqin-

X-\p-ambn. am\-h-cm-in-bpsS kIe ]m]-`m-c-ßfpw kp[ocw kz¥w

Npa-X-en¬ hln® XymK-aq¿Ønbpw \njv°-f-¶-X-bpsS cmP-Ip-am-c-

\p-amb tbip InkvXob IY-\-ß-fn¬ ImWp∂ AtX tbip

Xs∂bmbn-cpt∂m? AX√ at‰-sX-¶nepw hy‡ntbm? Iqio-I-c-W-

Øn-\mbn ]nSn-°-s∏´ thf-bnepw Iqin-∏ns‚ Ah-k-c-Ønepw At±-

l-Øns‚ s]cp-am‰w tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ hy‡n-Xz-Øntem AX√

tbip F∂ hy‡n°p Np‰pw s\bvsX-SpØ anØns‚ bmYm¿∞y-

Øntet°m CXn-te-sX-¶n-ep-sam-∂n-\p-ta¬ kwi-b-Øns‚ Icn-\n-g¬

hogvØp-∂p. AXn-s\-]‰n ]n∂oSv ]d-bmw. \ΩpsS hna¿i\ ]T\w

\n¿Øn-sh® ÿe-tØ°v Xs∂ aS-ßmw.

ITn -\ -Zpx -J-Øm¬ tbip-hn¬ \n∂p-b¿∂ hnem-]-ßƒ

Db¿Øp∂ a‰p ktµ-l-ßƒ C]-Im-c-am-Wv. BcmWv AKm[ thZ-

\-bpsS lrZ-b-kv]¿in-bmb B hm°p-Iƒ D®-cn-®Xv? a\p-jy-\mb

InkvXpthm AX√ ssZh-]p-X-\mb InkvXpthm?

AXv a\p-jy-\mb InkvXp-hm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ BcmWv At±-

lsØ Dt]-£n-®Xv? Bcm-emWv At±lw Dt]-£n-°-s∏-´Xv? F¥p-

sIm≠v Dt]-£n-°-s∏´p? hy‡n-]-c-amb Nn¥bpw kz¥-amb A\p`h-

ß-fp-ap≈ kzX-¥hpw hyXy-kvX-hp-amb Hcp hy‡nXzw tbip F∂

a\p-jy≥ Ah-km\w hsc \ne-\n¿Øn-bn-cp∂p F∂p kΩ-Xn-t°≠n

hcpw.

ssZh-]p-X-\mb tbip-hns‚ Bflmhv AXp-hsc hkn-®n-cp∂

a\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn¬ \n∂p th¿s]-Sp∂ B \nan-j-Øn¬ At±lw

acn-®n-cp-∂pthm? Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ Fßs\ acn®p? F¥p-sIm≠v

acn®p? acn-®ncp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ssZhm-flmhv th¿]n-cn™ tijw a\p--

jy-i-co-c-am-bn-cp-∂p- a-cn-®n-cn-°p-I. At∏mƒ Ah-ti-jn-°p∂ tNmZy-

an-Xm-Wv. acn-®p-I-gn™ AtX a\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn-te°v ssZh-Øns‚

Bflmhv ho≠pw Xncn-s®-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰Xv Bcm-Wv?

ho≠pw Db¿∂p-h-cp∂ ]iv\-ßƒ \sΩ Nne \nK-a-\-ß-fn-te°v

\bn-°p-∂p. AXm-bXv tbip F∂ ssZh-]p-X-\m-bn-cp-∂n√ Cu ]oU-

\-ß-sf√mw kln-®-Xv. tbip-hnse a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp∂p AX-Xbpw

A\p-`-hn-®-Xv. Atß-b-‰sØ BIp-em-h-ÿ-bn¬ hnem-]-ßƒ

s]mgn®v tbip Ic-™-t∏mƒ ssZh-]p-X-\mb tbip \n¿hn-Im-c\pw

A\p-`m-h-iq-\y-\p-ambn t\m°n-\n¬°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ a\p-

jy-cm-in-°p-th≠n ]oU-\-ßƒ- G-‰p-hm-ßn-bXv a\p-jy-\mb tb-ip-



h√ adn®v ssZh-]p-X-\mb tbip-hm-sW∂ Ah-Im-i-hmZw Fßs\

\ymbo-I-cn-°m-\m-Ipw?

C\n as‰mcp km[y-X, a\p-jy-\mb tbip-hn¬ D≠m-bn-cp∂ ssZ-

h-]p-X-\m-bn-cn°mw hne-]n-®-sX∂v Icp-Xp-I. Hcp-]t£ ]pXn-sbmcp

PohnXw X\n°v IqSn e`n-°p-at√m F∂ ]Xo-£-bn¬ tbip-hn-ep≈

a\p-jy\pw BƒXm-c-bn¬ ]pX-t\m-sSm∏w _en-bm-bn-cp-∂n-cn-°mw.

]pX-\mb tbip-hn-t\m-sSm∏w _en A\p- -hn® tbip-hnse a\p-jy\v

km£m¬°m-c-sØ-∏-‰n-bp≈ ]Xo-£°v henb Dd-s∏m-∂p-an-√m-bn-

cp-∂p. At±lw CjvS-s∏-´mepw Cs√-¶nepw Xm\pw _en-bmhpw. Hcp

shSn°v c≠v ]£n-Isf sIm∂ ssZh-Øns‚ \oXn-t_m[w GXv

Xc-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p F∂Xv N¿® sNø-s∏-tS≠ as‰mcp ]tl-

fn-I-bm-Wv.

Ipcn-in¬ _en-bmb tbip ssZh-]p-X-\m-sW-∂mWv InkvXp-

k-`-Iƒ s]mXpsh hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xv. AXv ssZh-]p-X-\mb tbip-X-

s∂-bm-sW-¶n¬ Cu BZysØ tNmZy-Øn\v e`n-°p∂ DØ-c-Øn¬

\n∂mWv c≠m-asØ tNmZyw D¤-hn-°p-∂-Xv. AXm-b-Xv, tbip-hns‚

Bfl-K-X-Ønse ""]n-Xmth Ign-bp-sa-¶n¬ Cu ]m\-]mXw F∂n¬

\n∂pw \oßn-t∏m-tI-Wta; F¶nepw Rm≥ C—n°pw t]mse A√.

\o C—n-°pw-t]mse BIs´ F∂p ]m¿∞n-®p... c≠m-aXpw t]mbn

]nXmth, Rm≥ IpSn-°msX AXv \oßn-°q-Sm. F¶n¬, \ns‚ CjvSw

BIs´ F∂p ]m¿∞n-®p. A\-¥cw Ah≥ h∂p'' (aØm: 26:39,

42) Cu hN-\-ß-fn¬ c≠v I£n-Isf hy‡-ambn ImWmw. AXn¬

c≠mw I£n Bcm-sW-∂-Xn-s\-°p-dn-®p-≈-XmWv BZysØ tNmZyw.

\ap°v AXns\ kw_-‘n®v c≠v km[y-X-Iƒ Xpd∂p InS-∏p-≠v.

H∂m-a-tØXv hn]Xv L´-Øn¬ Xm≥ Dt]-£n-°-s∏´p F∂v

]nXm-hns\ A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXp-sIm-≠p≈ ssZh-]p-Xs‚ ]cm-

Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p CXv. as‰m∂v, Ah¿ c≠p-t]cpw bmsXmcp tbmPn-∏p-

an-√mØ c≠v hy‡n-Xz-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p F∂ hkvXpX hniz-kn-°mt\

ChnsS \n¿hm-l-ap-≈q. AXm-b-Xv, F√m KpW-ßfpw Ah-bpsS

]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw Hcp-t]mse ]¶p-sh®v Hcp Bf-Xz-Øn¬ ]c-kv]cw

ebn-®p-tN¿∂v kl-h-kn-°m≥ Ign-bmØ c≠v hn`n∂ hy‡n-I-fm-

bn-cp∂p Ah¿ F∂ bmYm¿∞y-Øn-te-°v. ChnsS Hcmƒ ]c-tam-

∂X hn[n I¿Ømhpw kIe Imcy-ß-fp-sSbpw A¥na Xocp-am-\-sa-

Sp-°m≥ Ign-hp≈ k¿∆-i-‡-\mb hn[m-Xmhpam-Wv. a‰-bmƒ ]mhw



"]pX\pw'. AXm-b-Xv, ]nXm-hns‚ kIe KpW-ßfpw A]-l-cn-°-

s∏-´, Hcp-]t£ Xm¬°m-enIamsb-¶nepw FSp-Øp-am-‰-s∏´ ]mhw

]pX≥. Ah¿ Ccp-h-cp-sSbpw D]-tZ-i-ßfpw BK-l-ßfpw ]ckv]c-

hn-cp-≤-ambpw hntbmPn® \ne-bnepw G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ ]I-S-am-bn-

°m-Wp-∂Xv Iqio-I-cW \mS-I-Ønse Cu Ah-km-\-cw-K-Øm-Wv.

Cu apJy-amb tIµ-_nµp \mw a\- n¬ kq£n-t°≠ Hcp hkvXp-

X-bmWv.

c≠m-asØ tNmZyw CXmWv: hy‡n-]-c-amb Nn¥bpw hy‡n-]-

c-am-b aqey-t_m-[hpw hy‡n-]-c-amb Ign-hp-I-fp-ap≈ c≠v hn`n∂

hy‡n-I-fmb Ch¿ c≠p-t]¿ thZ-\bpw bmX-\bpw A\p-`-hn-°p-

∂Xv Ah¿ c≠p-t]cpw H∂m-bn-cn-°p-tºmtgm AX√ H∂v c≠m-bn-cn-

°p-tºmtgm? InkvXy≥ ssZh-im-kvXn-am-cp-ambn kpZo¿L-amb

kwhmZw Bh-iy-amb thsdmcp tNmZyw, ssZh-Øn\v thZ-\bpw

in£bpw A\p-`-hn-t°-≠n-h-cp∂ km[y-X-Isf kw_-‘n-®m-Wv.

Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬Øs∂ ssZh-Øns‚ Hcp ]mXn amX-am-bn-cn-°p-

at√m AXv kln-®-n´p-≠m-Ip-I. a\p-jy-\mb adp-]m-Xn°v Xs‚ ]Ir-

Xnbpw krjvSn-bpsS ]tXy-I-Xbpw aqew Cu in£ A\p-`-hn-°m-

\p≈ Ign-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Zpcq-lhpw hIo-Ir-X-hp-amb Cu XØz-

im-kvX-Øn-eqsS \mw ho≠pw apt∂-dp-tºmƒ ]Imiw ho≠pw

ho≠pw aßn-t∏m-Ip∂p. Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ßƒ°v ta¬ Bi-b-°p-g-∏-

ßƒ Ipan-™p-Iq-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

as‰mcp ]iv\w, tbip kzbw ssZh-am-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ At±lw

Bsc-bmWv A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNbvXXv? tbip ]nXm-hn-t\m-SmWv A -

b-bm-N-\-Iƒ \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬ At±lw At∏mƒ ]nXm-hns‚

Ahn-`m-Py-amb LS-I-am-sW-∂m-bn-cp∂p \tΩmSv ]d-b-s∏-´-Xv. Cu

tNmZy-Øn∂v tUmKvabn¬ (tNmZyw sNøm≥ ]mSn-√mØ InkvXob

aX-kn-≤m-¥-ßƒ) A`bw tXSmsX a\- m-£n-°-\p-kr-X-ambn DØcw

]d-bWw. a\p-jy-bp-‡n°v a\-kn-em-Ipw hn[w hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-

bmsX hcp-tºm-gmWv AsXmcp tUmKvabm-Ip-∂-Xv. ss__nƒ

]Imcw At±-lsØ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv ssIsh-Sn-™-t∏mƒ At±lw

ssZh-tØm-Smbn hne-]n-®p: "F¥p-sIm≠v \o Fs∂ ssIsh-Sn-™p?'

F∂v. B¿ Bsc ssIsh-Sn-™p-sh-∂mWv ]d-bp-∂Xv? ssZh-Øn\v

ssZhsØ ssIsh-Sn-bm≥ km[y-amtWm?



BcmWv _en-bm-°-s∏- Xv?

\mw a\- n-em-t°≠ as‰mcp ]iv\w tbip-hn-ep≈ a\p-jy≥

in£n-°-s∏-ń-cp-∂n√ F∂m-Wv. GsXmcp Xm¿°nI bp‡n-bp-sSbpw

ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ At±lw in£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. ImcWw At±lw

a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ ]m]-`mcw hln°m≥ Hcn-°epw BK-ln-®n-ń-√.

Cu ]pXnb hnjbw N¿®-bn-te°v IS-∂p-h-cp-tºmƒ AXv CXn-\p-

apºv \mw ]cn-KWn®n-ń-√mØ Hcp ]tXyI kml-N-cy-Øn-te°v

\sΩ B\bn-°p-∂p. AXm-bXv ]m]w sNøm≥ BZ-an-s‚bpw l∆-

bp-tSbpw k¥-Xn-Iƒ°v s]mXp-sh ]mc-º-cyambn e`n® -]-hWX-

bp-≠-t√m. B ]m] ]h-W-X°v tbip-hn-ep≈ a\p-jy-\p-am-bp≈

_‘-sØ-∏‰n Nn¥n-°p-tºmƒ Hcmƒ Xo¿®-bmbpw A¤p-X-s∏-´p-

t∏m-Ipw. ssZh-]p-X\pw a\p-jy\pw hkn-°p∂ tbip-hns‚ ico-c-

Ønse Zzbm-fl-Im-h-ÿ-bn¬ hniz-kn-°p-tºmƒ tbip-hnse ssZ-hn-

I-]p-X≥ amX-am-bn-cp∂p ]m]-c-ln-X≥ F∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xmhpw

G‰hpw \√-Xv. ssZh-]p-X-t\m-sSm∏w hkn-°p∂ a\p-jys‚ ÿnXn-

sb-¥m-bn-cn°pw? a\p-jy-\mb tbip P\n-®-Xv, ssZhw ]Zm\w sNbvX

Po\n¬ \n∂pw kz`m-h-Kp-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-am-bn-cn°ptam? Aß-s\-

bm-sW-¶n¬ At±lw tbip-hn-ep≈ ssZh-sØ-t]mse s]cp-am-d-Ww.

a\p-jy-\mWv F∂ t]cn¬ At±lw AXp-anXpw sNbvXv IrXy-hn-

tem]w Imń-s°m-≠p≈ bmsXmcp Hgn-hp-I-gnhpw kzoIm-cy-a-√. At±-

l-Øn¬ ssZhmwiw C√ F¶n¬ At±lw shdpsamcp km[m-cW

a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v \mw kΩ-Xn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Hcp-]t£ A¿≤

a\p-jy-\m-sW-s∂-¶nepw kΩ-Xn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ tbip-hp-ambn

IqSn-t®¿∂ B a\p-jy-hy-‡n°v a\p-jy-k-l-P-amb ]m]w sNøm-

\p≈ ]h-W-X-bp-≠m-Ipw. D≠m-hp-∂n√ F¶n¬ F¥mWv AXns‚

ImcWw?

kwKXn hfsc hy‡-am-Wv, Xs‚ ssZh-]-¶m-fn-bn¬ \n∂pw

XnI®pw hn`n-∂-\mb tbip-hnse a\p-jys\ ]‰n ]d-bp-∂Xv sIm≠v

bmsXmcp t\´-hp-an-√. tbip-hn-ep≈ a\p-jy≥ kzX-¥-\mbn Xs∂

]m]n-bm-tI-≠-Xp-≠v. ]m]-Øns‚ F√m `mchpw At±-l-Øns‚ Npa-

en-en-Sm-a-t√m. F√m-‰n\pw ]pdsa a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn-∂pth≠n Ipcn-in¬

sh®v acn® ssZh-]p-X-\mb InkvXp AX kzm¿∞-c-ln-X-\m-bn-´√

acn-®-Xv F∂ Imcyw IqSn Ah-X-cn-∏n-®m¬ amXta Cu NnXw ]q¿Øn-

bm-hp-I-bp-≈q. acn-°p-tºmƒ At±-l-Øn-\p≈ ap-Jy-amb D¬°WvT

At±-l-Øns‚ ]IpXn ktlm-Z-cs\ Ipdn-®m-bn-cp-∂p-. Cu hnizm-k-

ß-sf√mw _p≤n-]-c-ambn Zln-°m≥ AXoh Zpjv°-c-amWv. ]t£,

\ΩpsS ho£-W-tIm-Wn¬ \n∂v t\m°p-tºmƒ bmsXmcp ]iv\-hp-



an-√. Aº-c-∏n-t‚bpw AXo-h-Zpx-J-Øn-t‚-bpw hnem]w \S-Ønb

\njv°-f-¶-\mb tbip Zzµ-hy-‡n-Xzw hln-®nń√mØ tIhew

a\pjy≥ amX-am-bn-cp-∂p.

tbip-hns‚ ]tl-fnI

Rm≥ tbip-hn¬ Ahn-iz-kn-°p-∂n√ F∂ Imcyw Hcn-°¬ IqSn

hy‡-am-°-s´. Akm-[m-c-W-amb al¬Xym-K-ßƒ hcn® ssZh-

Øns‚ ]hm-N-I≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬ At±-l-tØmSv F\n°v AXn-c‰

_lp-am-\-ap-≠v. A·n-]-co-£-I-fpsS Hcp Ime-L-´-Øn-eqsS IS-∂p-

t]mb Hcp ]pWym-flm-hm-bn-´mWv Rm≥ tbip-hns\ ImWp-∂-Xv.

F∂m¬ Iqio-I-c-W-Øns‚ hnh-c-W-ßƒ amdmsX shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂

Hcp Imcyw tbip tkz—-bm¬ Ipcn-in¬ acn-°p-∂Xv CjvS-s∏-ń√

F∂v hniz-kn-°p-I-b√msX a‰p-am¿K-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√ F∂m-Wv. iXp-

°ƒ At±-lsØ Iqin®v h[n-°m≥ ian-°p-∂-Xn\v Xte∂v Xs‚

A\p-bm-bn-I-tfm-sSm∏w cmXn-bn-ep-S-\ofw At±lw ]m¿∞n-®n-cp-∂-

Xmbn \mw tIƒ°p-∂p. ImcWw At±-l-Øns‚ hmZ-Øns‚ (Xm≥

aninlm BsW∂ hmZw) kXy-km£yw Cu ]co-£-W-Øn\p (Ip-

cn-ip- kw- -h-Øn-s‚) apºn¬ sXfn-bn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ssZh-

Øns‚ ta¬ I‰p-sIń ]d-bp∂ Hcp I≈-hmZn ac-Øn¬ Xq°-s∏--Sp-

sa∂pw AXn¬ im]-arXyp hcn-°-s∏-Sp-sa∂pw ss__nƒ ]g-b-\n-b-

a-Øn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p.

""Fs‚ \ma-Øn¬ kwkm-cn-°m≥ Rm≥ B⁄m-]n-®n-ń-√mØ

Hcp hms°-¶nepw kwkm-cn-°m≥ apXn-cp-Itbm a‰p tZh-∑m-cpsS \ma-

Øn¬ kwkm-cn-°p-Itbm sNbvXm¬ B ]hm-N-I≥ acn-°pw.'' (Bh:

18:20)

"h[-in£ A¿ln-°p∂ Ip‰w sNbvX-hs\ h[n®p ac-Øn¬

Xq°n-°-gn-™m¬ Abm-fpsS PUw cmXn apgp-h≥ B ac-Øn¬ InS-

Ø-cp-Xv. B Znhkw Xs∂ Abmsf kwkvI-cn-°-Ww. Xq°n-s°m-√-

s∏-´-h≥ ssZh-Øm¬ i]n-°-s∏-´-h-\m-Wv. (Bh: 21:22, 23).

Cu Ipcn-ip-a-cWw kw`-hn-°p-sa-¶n¬ blq-Z¿ AXv BÀm-Z-

]q¿∆w BtLm-jn-°p-sa∂pw kwi-b-Øns‚ \ng¬t]m-ep-an-√mØ

coXn-bn¬ I≈w sXfn™Xmbn thZ-]p-kvX-I-ßƒ km£n-°p-∂p-

sh∂v Ah¿ ]Jym-]n-°p-sa∂pw tbiphn∂-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. CXm-

bn-cp∂p At±lw ac-W-Øns‚ Ibvt]-dnb ]m\-]m-X-Øn¬ \n∂pw

c£-s∏-Sm≥ DXvI-WvT-s∏-´-Xv. A√msX òcpXzw sIm≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√.



AXm-bXv Xm≥ Ipcn-in¬ ac-W-s∏-´m¬ Xs‚ P\X hgn-sX-‰n-t∏m-

Iptam F∂pw kXyw Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sptam F∂pam-

bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ `oXn. cmXn apgp-h≥ AXoh ssZ\yX-tbm-

sSbpw \n -lm-bm-hÿbnepw ]m¿∞-\-bn¬ tbip apgp-In-b-Xns‚

hnh-c-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw At±lw A\p-`-hn® am\-knI kwL¿jhpw,

ZpxJhpw lrZ-b-t -Z-I-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v \ap°v hmbn-s®-Sp-°mw. ]t£,

bYm¿∞-amb Cu Pohn-X-\m-SIw Ah-km-\-tØm-S-Sp-°p-tºmƒ

hnImc hn£p-_v[n-bp-tSbpw hnjm-Z-Øn-t‚bpw \n -lm-b-X-bp-tSbpw

]c-atIm-Sn-bn¬ At±-l-Øn¬ \n∂p-ap-b¿∂ Ah-km-\sØ Zo\-hn-

em-]-Øn¬ CsX√mw \ng-en-°p-∂p.

"Gen, Gen, eam k_Iv-Xm\n' "Fs‚ ssZhta, Fs‚ ssZhta,

\o F¥mWv Fs∂ ssIhn-´-Xv?' (aØmbn 27:46)

B hnem]w tIh-e-samcp am\-knI hyY-bpsS ]I-S\w amX-

am-bn-cp-∂n-√. hy‡ambpw AXv `bm-\-I-X-bpsS AXn-tcmfw hcp∂

B›-cy-Øns‚ LSIw IqSn Ie¿∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Iqio-I-c-W-Øn\v

apºv Xs∂ thZ\ ian-∏n-°m\pw apdn-hp-W-ßm-\p-ap≈ Iq´p-I-f-S-ßnb

te]\w Xs‚ ka¿∏n-X-cmb injy-∑m¿ Xøm¿ sNbvXn-cp-∂p. B

te]\w ]pc´n tbip t_m[-Øn-te°v Xncn-®p-h-∂p. At±lw A¤p-

XtØmsSbpw BÀm-Z-tØm-sSbpw hnkvab`cn-X-\mbn Xo¿∂n-cn-°-

Ww. kXy-ssZ-h-Øn-ep≈ At±-l-Øns‚ kvt\lw AXy-]q¿∆-ambn

amXw a\p-jy¿°v A\p- -h-s∏-Sm-dp-≈-Xp-t]mse AXn-cp-I-fn-√m-sXbpw

AXn-Xo-h-ambpw ]p\-:ÿm-]n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Icp-Øm¿÷n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXn-´p-≠m-hpw. te]\uj[w t\csØ Xs∂ Xøm-dm-°-s∏´p

F∂ hkvXp-X-bn¬ \n∂pw tbip-hns‚ injy-∑m¿ At±lw Ipcn-

in¬ \n∂pw Poh-t\msS c£-s∏-Sp-sa∂v Xo¿®-bm-bpw ]Xo-£n-

®ncp∂p F∂p a\- n-em°mw. acp-∂p-sIm-≠p≈ NnIn’ At±-l-

Øn\v Bh-iy-am-sW∂pw Ah¿ a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p.

apI-fn¬ ]kvXm-hn® hkvXp-X-I-fn¬ \n∂pw ]mc-º-cy-]m-]-

Øns‚ k¶-ev]-hpw, Iqio-I-c-Whpw ]n¬°m-e-Øp-≠mb InkvXy≥

ssZh-im-kvXn-I-fpsS anYym-hn-izm-khpw hymtam-lhpw amX-amsW∂v

hfsc hy‡-am-bn. InkvXp-a-X-Øn∂p apºp-≠m-bn-cp∂ kam-\-kz-

`m-h-ap≈ anØp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw cq]-s∏- -XmWv B hnizm--k-sa∂v hfsc

hy‡w. CØcw anØp-Iƒ tbip-hns‚ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Btcm-]n-

°pI-bpw Ah XΩn-ep≈ s]mcp-Ø-ßƒ hmbn-s®-SpØv ]pXn-sbm-

scÆw krjvSn-°p-I-bp-amWv sNbvX-Xv. \mw I≠Xv t]mse AXv

\nKq-VXtbm, sshcp-≤ytam F¥m-bn-cp-∂mepw icn InkvXob XØz-



im-kvX-Ønse ]m]hpw ]m] ]cn-lm-chpw tbip ]Tn-∏n-®-tXm,

]h¿Øn-®-tXm, ]d-™tXm A√. a\p-jy-_p-≤n°v IS-I-hn-cp-≤hpw

AXn-t\mSv hntbm-Pn-∏p-≈-Xp-amb bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ At±lw ]t_m-

[\w sNbvXn-ń-√.

]nXm-hmb ssZhhpw ]oU\w kln-®n-cp-∂pthm?

]pXs‚ ]Ir-Xn-bn-te°v hcp-tºmƒ At±lw \c-Im-·n-bn¬

Fdn-b-s∏´p F∂p hniz-kn-°m≥ \ap-°m-hn-√. AXn-\¿∞w tbip-

hn-\-IØv Xs∂ Hcp B`y-¥c sshcp-≤y-ap≠v F∂mWv. InkvXym-

\n-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-a-X-k-¶-ev]-Øn-te°v Xncn-®p-h-cp-tºmƒ

ssZhhpw ]pX\pw c≠v hy‡n-I-fm-sW-¶nepw c≠m-fpsS kØbpw

]Ir-Xhpw Hcp-t]m-se-bm-sW∂v ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Hcmƒ GsX-¶nepw

Hc-\p- -h-Øn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ as‰-bmƒ°v AXns‚ ]¶v ]‰m-

Xn-cn-°m≥ km[y-a-√. ssZhØns‚ Hcp `mK-amb ]pX≥ ]oUn-∏n-°-

s∏-Sp-tºmƒ ]nXm-hmb ssZhw bmsXmcp ]oUbp-ta¬°msX Ccn-

°pI F∂Xv Fßs\ \ap°v hniz-kn-°m≥ Ignbpw? At±lw AXv

A\p-`-hn-°m-Xn-cn-°pI F∂-Xn-∂¿∞w ssZh-Øns‚ GIX `RvPn-

°-s∏-SpI F∂-Xn\v Xpey-am-Wv. Hcm-fn¬ aq∂p-t]¿ D≠v F∂v hcp-

tºmƒ AXv Kln-°m≥ IqSp-X¬ ]bm-k-I-c-am-Wv. ImcWw XnXz-

Ønse aq∂v t]¿°p-≠m-Ip∂ A\p-`-h-ßƒ XnI®pw hyXy-ÿ-hpw

as‰m-cm-fn¬ \n∂pw hnZq-c-ÿ-hp-am-Wv. ssZh-ß-fn¬ Hcmƒ \c-I-

Øns‚ tIm]m-·n-bn¬ Bbn-cn-°p-tºmƒ a‰p c≠p t]cpw Akv]r-

iycpw AI-∂n-cn-°p-∂-h-cp-am-bn-cn-°pI F∂Xv Akm-[y-am-Wv.

C∂sØ InkvXym-\n-Iƒ H∂p-In¬ GI ssZh-hn-izmkw Dt]-£n-

®p-sIm≠v ]mIrX tdma≥ Ko°v tKmX-a-X-ß-fn-teXv t]mse aq∂v

hyXykvX ssZh-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-°Ww. As√-¶n¬ Ah¿ Ah-tcmSv

Xs∂ \oXn ]pe¿Øn a‰p ssZh-ß-fpsS sshcp-≤ym-fl-I-X-bn-te°v

t]mImsX ssZhw GI≥ amX-am-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-I. Hcp Ipń

thZ\ sIm≠v ]pf-bp-tºmƒ AXns‚ amXm-hn\v im¥nbnepw kam-

[m-\-Ønepw Ccn-°m≥ km[y-a-√. Ahcpw B kl-\-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-

°p-∂p. Nne-t∏mƒ Ipń-tb-°m-ƒ IqSp-X-embn thZ\ A\p-`-hn-°p∂p.

]pX≥ aq∂p-Zn-h-ksØ \c-I-bm-X\ A\p-`-hn-®-t∏mƒ ]nXm-hmb

ssZh-Øn\v F¥m-bn-cp∂p kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv? ]pX-\mb

ssZh-Øn\v F¥m-bn-cp∂p kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂-Xv? At±lw c≠v

cq]-ßfpw c≠v kØ-bp-ap≈ c≠v hy‡n-I-fmbn hn`-Pn-°-s∏-ń-cp-

∂pthm? Hcmƒ \c-I-Øn¬ bmX\ kln-°p-I. as‰-bmƒ ]q¿Æ-



ambpw ]pdØv bmsXm∂pw kln-°m-sX-bn-cn-°p-I. ]nXm-hmb ssZh-

Øn\v kzbw \cIbm-X\ kln-°m-\m-hp-sa-¶n¬ ]ns∂ Hcp "]pXs\'

krjvSn-t°≠ Bh-iy-sa-¥m-bn-cp∂p? At±lØn\v kzbw Xs∂

AXv kln-°m-am-bn-cp-∂nt√? At∏mƒ t\¿°v t\sc-bp≈ tNmZyw

CXm-Wv. F¥p-sIm-≠v At±lw AXv kln-®n√? ]m]-s∏m-dp-Xn-bpsS

]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ F¥n-\nX ]bm-k-I-c-amb ]≤Xn Bhn-

jvIcn®p?

A·n sIm≠p≈ in£

InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS kn≤m-¥-]-Im-c-ap≈ \c-I-amWv Hcp ]iv\w.

tbip ]th-in® Cu \c-I-sØ-°p-dn®v \ap°v hni-Z-ambn ]cn-tim-

[n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. B \cIw GXv Xc-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p?* ss__nƒ

]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ \mw hmbn® AtX \cIw Xs∂-bmtWm AXv?

"'a\p-jy-]pX≥ Xs‚ amem-J-amsc Ab°pw. Ah¿ Ahs‚

cmPy-Øn¬ \n∂pw F√m ]m]-Im-c-Wß-tfbpw A[¿Ωw ]h¿Øn-

°p-∂-h-scbpw Iq´n-t®¿Øp Xo®q-f-bn¬ C´p-I-f-bpw. AhnsS Ic-

®nepw ]√p-I-Snbpw D≠mIpw'' (a-Ømbn 13:41,42).

\mw IqSp-X¬ apt∂m´v t]mIp-∂-Xn\v apºv Xo sIm≠p≈

in£sb kw_-‘n®v As√-¶n¬ \c-I-Ønse in£sb kw_-‘n®v

ss__nƒ ]pXnb \nbaw A¿∞-am-°p-∂-sX-¥m-sW∂v hy‡-ambn

a\- n-em-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. B \cIm·n Bflm-hns\ Zln-∏n-°p-∂-

XmtWm? AX√ ico-csØ Fcn-®p-I-f-bp-∂Xpw AXp aptJ\ Bflm-

hns\ in£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ `uXn-Im-·n-bmtWm? ac-Wm-\-¥cw

\ap°v F¥v kw`-hn-°p-sa-∂mWv InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv?

ac-W-Øn\v tijw Po¿W-\-Øn\p hnt[-b-ambn ]©- q-X-ß-fn¬ ebn-

°p∂ \ΩpsS ico-c-Øn-te°p Xs∂-bmtWm \ΩpsS Bflmhv Xncn-

®p-sN-√pI F∂mtWm InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv? AX-√, ac-

W-Øn-\p-tijw Hmtcm Bflm-hn\pw ]pXnb icocw krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-

Ibpw ]p\-cp-∞m\w sNbvX hy‡n°v ]p\-chXmcw t]mse-bp≈

A\p-`-h-ap-≠m-Ip-Ibpw sNøptam?

\cIw uXn-Im-·nbpw imco-cnI in£-bp-am-sW-¶n¬ tbip-hn¬

kw`-hn® kwK-Xn-Isf B[m-c-am°n Hcm-fpsS `mh\ hen®p \o´m-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv. \c-Im-·n°v hnt[-b-am-°p-∂-Xn\v apºv tbip-hns‚ Bflm-

* InkvXp \c-I-Øn¬ AYhm ]mXm-f-Øn¬ ]th-in-®-Xmbn ss__nƒ ]pXnb

\nbaw. ]tXm: 3:19 Ft^ 4;9 F∂o hN-\-ßƒ kqNn-∏n-°p∂p (hnh:)



hns\ `qan-bn¬ Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ ]oU-\-ta-‰p-hm-ßp∂ Hcp ico-

c-Øn¬ _‘-\-ÿ-\m-°n-bn-cp-∂pthm? AX-s√-¶n¬ \cIw A\p-`-

hn-∏m≥ At±lw Hcp- kq£va ico-c-Øn-te°v Xcw-Xm-gvØ-s∏-ń-cp-

∂pthm? c≠m-aXv ]d-™-XmWv \S-∂n-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬ ùXn-Im-·n°v

kq£va-i-co-csØ Fcn-°mt\m in£n-°mt\m \in-∏n-°mt\m km[y-

a-√. AX-√, tbip-hns‚ Bflmhv hkn® a\p-jy-i-co-csØ \cIw

A\p-`-hn-°m-\p≈ Hcp am[yaw F∂ \ne°v At±-l-Øn\v th≠n

]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°-s∏-´-Xm-sW∂ k¶¬∏w \mw AwKo-I-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬ ssZhn-I-\o-Xn°v AXv as‰mcp BLm-X-ta¬∏n-°p-∂Xv \mw

ImtW≠n hcpw. ]mhw a\p-jy≥! At±-l-Øns‚ icocw XnI®pw

A\y-amb Hcp Bflm-hn-\p-th≠n Pohn-X-Imew apgp-h≥ sslPm°v

sNø-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. as‰mcp Bflm-hn\v BXn-tY-bXzw \¬Im≥

\n¿∫-‘-n-°-s∏´ ico-c-Øn\v ]Xn-êw e`n-®-Xm-Is´ B icocw

sNømØ Ip‰-Øn\v \c-Im-·n-bn¬ Fcn-bp∂ in£-bpw! XymK-Øns‚

F√m _lp-a-Xnbpw At±-l-Øn¬ (a-\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn¬) hkn® A\y-

amb Bflm-hn\v amXw Ah-Im-i-s∏- -Xp-am-Wv. B a\p-jys‚ Bflm-

hn-s\-°p-dn®v F¥mWv ]d-bm-\p-≈Xv? Hcp-]-t£, tbip-hn\v kz¥-

ambn a\p-jys‚ Bflmhv C√m-bn-cn-°mw. Aßs\ Bflmhv C√

F¶n¬ tbip-hn-ep≈ a\p-jy\pw tbip-hn-ep≈ ssZhhpw Htc-sbm-

cm-fm-bn-cn-°-Ww. tbip \S-Ønb A¿∞-\-Iƒ Nne-t∏mƒ a\p-jy-

]-tNm-Z-\-Ømepw Nne-t∏mƒ ssZth-—-bmepw Bbn-cn-°m-sa-∂Xv XnI-

®pw Hcp I_-fn-∏n-°¬ X¥-am-Wv. _p≤n-bp≈ a\p-jys\ kw_-

‘n-®n-S-tØmfw kzoIm-cy-amb Htc-sbmcp t^m¿ape Hcp ico-chpw

Hcp Bflmhpw tN¿∂-Xm-Wv Hcp hy‡n F∂-XmWv. c≠v Bflmhpw

Hcp ico-chpw F∂Xv hnNn-X-amb Bi-b-am-Wv. t]X-_m-[-bntem

AXp-t]m-ep≈ Imcy-ß-fntem hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿°v amXta CXv hniz-

kn-°p-hm≥ km[n-°q.

_enbpw Bflob l¿jhpw

c≠m-aXv ]d™ A`n-]m-b-amWv InkvXy≥ ssZh-im-kvXn-

am¿°v IqSp-X¬ kzoIm-cy-am-bn-cn-°p-I. AXm-bXv tbip-hns‚

Bflmhv Bflo-b-amb \c-I-Øn-em-bn-cn°pw ]th-in-∏n-°s∏-

ńcn°pI F∂-Xv. Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ Akw-_‘w F∂p ]d™v

AXns\ X≈n-°-f-bm≥ \ap°v ]‰msX hcpw. GXp ]Im-c-Øn-em-

bn-cp-∂mepw icn, Bflo-b-\-cIw F∂Xv Xoh-at\m-hy-Y-bmtem Ip‰-

t_m-[-Ømtem amXw krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp∂ H∂m-Wv. tbip-In-kvXp-

hns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ CsXm∂pw Btcm-]n-°m≥ km[y-hp-a-√. as‰m-cm-



fpsS Ip‰-Øn-\p≈ in£ \nc-]-cm-[n-bm-bn-cns° \nßƒ G‰p-hm-ßp-

tºmƒ AXv Xoh-a-t\m-th-Z-\-b√ adn®v AXn\v t\¿hn-]-co-X-^-e-

amWv krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp-I. AØcw Hcp hy‡n-bpsS Bflmhv alnX

tNX-\-sIm≠pw Bfl-Xym-K-Ømepw Xkn-°p-I-bm-bn-cn°pw sNøp-

I. \c-I-tØ-°mƒ kz¿§-Øn\v Xpey-amWv Cu Ah-ÿ.

\ap°v tbip A[n-h-kn® ico-c-Øn-te°v Xs∂ Xncn-®p-t]m-

Imw. ico-c-hp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-tºmƒ ac-W-Øns‚ A¿∞hpw

AtX ho£-W-tIm-Wn¬ Xs∂ ]p\-cp-∞m-\-Øns‚ A¿∞hpw

\ap°v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw. \ΩpsS Adn-h-\p-k-cn®v tbip-hns‚ icocw

At±-l-Øns‚ ]pX-Xz-Øns‚ Ahn-`mPy LS-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu ico-

c-a-√msX tbip-hns‚ taep≈ ssZh-Xz-hp-ambn k‘n-bn-em-Ip∂

as‰mcp s]mXpLS-Ihpw At±-l-Øn¬ Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂n-√. AXp-

t]mse tbip-hnse ssZh-Xzhpw Bf-Xzhpw ebn-®p-tN¿∂v Nne

\n›nX kµ¿`-ß-fn¬ hnhn-[-ß-fmb tdmfp-I-fn¬ HØp-tN¿∂v

]h¿Øn-°m-\p≈ s]mXp-thZn D≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. hyXn-cn-‡hpw

kz¥-hp-amb Bflm-hp≈ a\p-jy\v Imcy-\n¿∆-lWw \S-Øp-∂-

Xn\pw a‰pw ssZhXzw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂-Xmbpw \mw ImWp-∂p. F∂n v

a\p-jys‚ lrZ-b-a-kvXn-jv°-ß-fpsS \nb-¥Ww Gs‰-Sp-Ø-Xmbpw

ImWp-∂p. \mw ho≠pw Du∂n-∏-d-bp-∂-Xn-Xm-Wv. c≠v hyXy-kvX-amb

hy‡n-Xz-ßƒ Hcp AkvXn-Xz-Øn¬ _‘n-∏n-°-s∏- m¬ amXta CØ-

c-Øn-sem∂v kw`-hn-°m≥ km[y-X-bp-≈q.

"acWw' F∂ ]Z-Øn\v tbip-hns\ kw_-‘n® A¿∞w

ssZhhpw a-\p-jy\pw tbip-hn¬ Fßs\ ]h¿Øn-®n-cn-°-W-

sa∂p \mw hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-°n-bn-cns° acWw F∂ ]Z-Øns‚

]tbm-Khpw A¿∞hpw tbip-hns\ kw_-‘n®v Fßs\ _m[-I-

am-°n-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw \mw \√-Xp-t]mse Kln-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

aq∂v cmhpw aq∂v ]Iepw At±lw acn-®ncp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ ico-c-

Øn¬ \n∂v Bflmhv hn´v ]ncn™p t]mb-Xmbn \mw IW-°m-°-

Ww. AXn-\¿∞w ico-c-Øn¬ \n∂v F√m _‘-ßfpw hntO-Zn-®p-

sIm≠v arX-i-co-csØ _m°n-bm°n Bflmhv ]ncn™p t]mbn

F∂mWv. ico-c-hp-am-bp≈ kIe _‘-ß-fpw ]q¿W-ambpw hntO-

Zn®v arX-i-cocw amXw Ah-ti-jn-®p-sIm≠v Bflmhv th¿]n-cn™p

t]mbn. AX-hsc Imcy-ß-sf√mw icn Xs∂. AXm-bXv Ah-km-\-

sa-¶nepw a\p-jys‚ euInI ico-c-Øn¬ _‘-\-ÿ-\mb tbip-

hn\v tamN\w e`n-®-t√m. Fß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂mepw _‘-\-Øn¬ \n∂p-



ap≈ Cu tamN\w Hcn-°epw Hcp in£-bmbn IW-°m-°m-\m-hn-√.

]pXs‚ Znhym-flmhv AtX ]cn-ip-≤m-kvXn-Xz-Øn-te°v Xs∂ Xncn®p

hcnI F∂Xv bmsXm-c¿∞-Ønepw km[m-cW coXn-bn-ep≈ Hcp a\p-

jy-a-c-W-a-√. a\p-jys‚ acWw `b-P-\-I-am-Ip-∂Xv Ahs‚ Bflmhv

ico-c-Øn¬ \n∂v th¿s∏´p ]pXn-sbmcp t_m[-Øn¬ ]th-in-

°p∂Xv sIm≠-√. adn®v, acWw a\p-jys\ `b-N-In-X-\m°p∂Xn\v

ImcWw Ahs‚ ]nb-s∏´ hkvXp-°-sf√mw `qan-bn¬ Dt]-£n-®p-

sIm≠v Imem-Im-e-tØ-°p-ambn th¿]n-cn-bp∂p F∂-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv.

CjvS-s∏-Sp-hm≥ H∂p-an-√msX PohnXw iq\y-am-hp∂ ka-bØv acWw

hcn-°m≥ Hcmƒ BK-ln-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw.

tbip-hns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ ]›m-Øm]w ]I-S-am-hm≥ km[y-X-bn√.

At±-lsØ kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw ac-W-Øns‚ hmXm-b-\-ßƒ Htc-

sbmcp Zni-bn-te°v amXw Xpd-∂v sh°-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. AXv t\´-Øn-t‚-

XmWv. Hcn-°epw \jvS-Øn-t‚-X-√. At∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚ ico-c-

Øn¬\n∂pw Bflm-hns‚ th¿]mSv F¥p-sIm≠v AXoh ZpxJI-

chpw bmX\m \n¿`-c-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Icp-X-Ww? InkvXym-\n-

Iƒ \sΩ ]d™v hniz-kn-∏n-°p-∂-Xvt]mse tbip Be¶m-cn-Im¿∞-

Øn-e-√, A£-cm¿∞-Øn¬ Xs∂ Bflmhv Dt]-£n®v acn-®n-cp-∂p-

sh-¶n¬ AtX ico-c-Øn¬ Xs∂ At±-l-Øns‚ Bflm-hv Xncn®p

hcnI F∂-Xv tbip-hns\ kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw G‰hpw _p≤n-iq-

\y-amb Hcp hnti-j-W-am-Wv. ac-W-k-a-bØv th¿s∏-´p-t]mb

Bflmhv ho≠pw ico-c-Øn-te°v Xncn-®p-h-∂-t∏mƒ At±lw

]p\¿÷-\n°pIbmbncp∂pthm? Cu ]Xn-`m-ksØ tbip-hns‚

]p\-cp-÷o-h-\-sat∂m ]p\-cp-∞m-\-sat∂m hnfn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬

ico-chpw Imem-Im-e-tØ-°mbn imiz-Xo-I-cn-°-s∏-tS-≠-Xp-≠v.

F∂m¬ ss__n-fn¬ \mw hmbn-°p∂Xv XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-amb

as‰mcp IY-bmWv. ss__nƒ IY ]Imcw tbip acn-®-h¿°n-S-bn¬

\n∂pw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂‰p F∂m-Wv. AXm-bXv IqioI-cn-°-s∏´

AtX ico-c-Øn¬ Xs∂ At±lw ho≠pw ]th-in-®p. CXn-s\-bmWv

ho≠pw Poh-\n-te°v h∂p F∂v ]d-bp-∂-Xv. AX-ßs\-bm-sW-∂p

Xs∂ Icp-Xp-I. A-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚ Bflmhv icocsØ Hcn-

°¬IqSn Dt]-£n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXns‚ A¿∞w F¥m-bn-cn-

°Ww? AXv c≠mw ac-W-Øn\v Xpey-am-bn-cn-°nt√? ico-c-Øn¬

\n∂pw Bflmhv H∂mw XhW th¿]n-cn-b-emWv ac-W-sa-¶n¬

Xo¿®bmbpw c≠mw Xh-W-sb-¶nepw At±-l-Øns‚ Bflmhv th¿]n-

cn-bp-tºmƒ At±lw imiz-X-ambn acn-®-h-\mbn ]Jym-]n-°-Ww.



Bflmhv ico-csØ BZy-X-hW Dt]£n-°p-tºmƒ \nßƒ AXn-

s\ -a-c-W-sa∂v hnfn°p∂p. AtX ico-c-Øn-te°v Xs∂ Bflmhv

Xncn-®p-h-cp-tºmƒ ac-Wm-\-¥c PohnXw F∂p hnfn°p∂p. F∂m¬

Bflmhv AtX ico-csØ Hcn-°epw Xncn-®p-h-cm-Ø-hn[w F∂t-∂-

°p-ambn hn´p-]n-cn-bp-tºmƒ \nßƒ AXns\ F¥v hnfn°pw?

InkvXob hnti-jWw t]mse \nXy-PohnXw Ft∂m - "\nXy acWw'

Ft∂m F¥mWv hnfn-t°≠-Xv? \nXy-a-c-W-sa∂√msX as‰-¥mWv

AXns\ hnfn-°pI? CXv ac-W-a-√msX as‰m-∂p-a-√. sshcp-≤y-ßƒ°v

ta¬ sshcp≤yßƒ Ipan™p IqSp-I-bmWnhnsS. Xo¿®-bmbpw CXv

Rc-ºp-tcm-K-ap-≠m°p∂ Hcp A\p-`hw Xs∂-bmWv. c≠mw XhW

tbip-hns‚ Bflmhv icocw Dt]-£n-°p-∂n√ F∂p Icp-Xp-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬ as‰mcp hnNnX cwKw \ap°v Z¿in-t°≠n hcpw. AXm-

bXv ]nXm -hmb ssZhw A\-¥hpw Aeu-In -Ihpamb- Hcp

BflobkØbmbn \ne-\n¬°p-tºmƒ ]p-X≥ ]cn-an-Xhpw \iz-c-

hp-amb i-co-c-Øn¬ IpSp-ßn-°n-S-°p∂ Hcp Ah-ÿbmW-Xv.

A]-cn-an-X-amb ]m]-Øn\v ]cn-an-X-amb in£

sNbvXp-t]mb sX‰ns\ kw_-‘n®v t_m[-ap-≈-bm-fpsS

hn£p_v[ a\- m£n ]e-t∏mgpw Abm-fpsS lrZb-Ønepw a\-

nepw BIp-em-hÿ krjvSn-°p-∂n√ F∂v ]d-bmw. AtX-k-abw

\nc-]-cm-[n-tbm, `mKn-I-ambn A]-cm-[ntbm Bb Hcmƒ°p-≠m-hp∂

bmX-\-I-fn¬ as‰m-cmƒ°p-≠m-Ip∂ Xoh-amb A\p-Iº Abm-fpsS

PohnXw Xs∂ ZpxJ-]q¿Æ-am-°p-∂p. A\y-cpsS ZpJ-ß-fpsS t\sc

Im´p∂ ]mh-\-amb Bflo-b-Kp-WamWn-Xv. Cu A\p-Xm-]-]-I-S-\hpw

\c-I-Xp-ey-amb Hc-hÿ Hcm-fn¬ krjvSn-°p-∂p. amXm-°-∑-m¿ Ah-

cpsS Ip™p-ßƒ°p≠m-Ip∂ AkpJw aqew thZ\ A\p-`-hn-°m-

dp-≠v. Xß-fpsS a°ƒ°p-≠m-Ip∂ ÿnc-amb sshI-ey-ßƒ aqew

amXm-°-∑m-cpsS PohnXw apgp-h≥ \c-I-Xp-ey-ambn amdp-∂ a\p-jym-

\p-`-h-ßƒ°v \mw km£n-I-fm-Im-dp-≠v. Bb-Xn-\m¬ F¥p-sIm≠v

B hn-[-Øn¬ a‰p-≈-h¿°v th≠n thZ-\ kln-°p∂ kz`m-h-ioew

tbip-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂p F∂v \ap°v kΩ-Xn-®p-IqSm? Xo¿®-bmbpw

F¥p-sIm-≠Xv ]mSn√? ]t£ AXv aq∂v ]Iepw aq∂p cmXn-bp-

ambn F¥p-sIm≠v ]cn-an-X-s∏´p? F¥p-sIm≠v `qan-bnse At±-l-

Øns‚ Pohn-X-Im-e-a-Xbpw As√-¶n¬ AXn\p apºpw tijhpw

ZpxJw kln-®n-√? alm-∑m-cmb hy‡n-Iƒ GXm\pw aWn-°qtdm Znh-

k-ßtfm amXw bmX\ kln-°p-∂-h-c-√. a\p-jy-Zpx-J-ßƒ ]q¿Æ-



ambpw hn]m-S\w sNømsX Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ßƒ im¥n-sIm-≈n-√.

\mw ]cn-K-Wn-°p∂ Cu \cIw \njv°-f-¶-\mb Hcp Zn-hy-]p-X-t\m-

sSm∏w D≠m-b-X-√. h\y-Po-hn-Iƒ IqSn Ah-bpsS kao-]-ÿ-tcmSv

Im´p∂ ]mh-\-amb Hcp kz`m-h-Kp-W-amWnXv.

Ipd®v Imcy-ßƒ IqSn ]Xn-]m-Zn®v Rm\o kwKXn Ah-km-\n-

∏n-°mw. F\n°v as‰mcp kp]-[m\ kwKXn kv]¿in®p t]mhm\p≠v.

ssZhw tbip-hn∂v \n›-bn® in£ shdpw aq∂v ]Iepw aq∂v cmXn-

bp-am-Wv. AtX-k-abw ]m]w sNbvX ]m]n-Iƒ°v ss__nƒ ]Imcw

ssZhw \¬Ip∂ in£ AXn- -bm-\-Ihpw Zo¿L-ta-dn-b-Xp-am-Wv. F¥v

Xc-Øn-ep-≈ \oXn-bm-WnXv? ssZh-Øm¬ Xs∂ krjvSn-°-s∏´hcpw

Ahs‚ ]pX-∑mtcm ]pXn-Itfm A√m-Ø-h-cp-am-bm¬ Ah¿°p≈

in£ Imem-Im-e-tØ°pw imiz-X-am-bp-≈-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ kz¥w

]pXs‚ Imcy-Øn¬ in£ At±lw kzbw Xnc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xm°n

am‰n. s]s´∂v in£ sh´n-°p-d-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. shdpw aq∂p ]Iepw

aq∂v cmXnbpw amXw. F¥p-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂mepw CXv bmsXm-∂p-

ambpw Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hn-√. CXv \oXn-bm-sW-¶n¬ \oXn \oXn-

b-√m-sX-bmbn amdpw. Xs‚ heXv Icw sIm≠v krjvSn°s∏´ a\p-

jy≥ ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]Tn® Cu \oXn \S-∏m-°n-bm¬ ssZhw

a\p-jys‚ s]cp-am-‰sØ Fßs\bmbn-cn°pw ImWpI? \oXn-bpsS

Af-hp-tIm¬ kz¥w a°ƒ°v Hcp hn[-Ønepw a‰p-≈-h¿°v as‰mcp

hn[-Ønepw!! \oXnsb Cu hn[w A\p-Icn®m¬ ]nXm-hmb ssZhw

l¿j-]p-f-In-X-\mbn Im-Wptam? AtXm `oI-c-amb A]-cm-[-ambn

ImWptam? Xo¿®-bmbpw DØcw \¬Im≥ hfsc _p≤n-ap- p≈ tNmZy-

am-Wn-Xv.

F¥p-sIm≠v ]m]-]-cn-lmcw am‰n?

]m]Øns‚ in£-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v tbip-hns‚ Iqio-I-c-

WsØ ImWp-tºmƒ tbip-hn-ep≈ hnizmkw s-Im-s≠m∂pw BZw

k¥-Xn-Iƒ°v ssZhw \n›-bn® in£ bmsXm-cp-hn-[-Ønepw eLq-

I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√ F∂p \mw ÿm]n-®p-I-gn-™p. F√m a\p-jy-am-

Xm-°-fpw Ct∏mgpw ]k-h-th-Z\ kln-°p-∂p. a\p-jy≥ Ahs‚

Blm-c-Øn-\p-th≠n ]mSp-s]-Sp-∂p. tbip-hns‚ Imew apX¬°p≈

ssIkvX-h-˛-A-ssI-kvXh P\-X-Isf Xmc-Xayw sNbvXp-sIm≠v

\manXv as‰mcp ho£-W-tIm-Wn¬ t\m°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Ign™

Ncn-X-Im-e-L-´-Øn¬ tbip-hn-ep≈ hnizmkw sIm≠v Bcnepw

bmsXmcp \n¿Æm-b-I-amb am‰-ß-fpw D≠m-b-Xmbn ImWm≥ km[n-



®n- n-√. Ah-cpsS kvXoIƒ thZ\ IqSmsX ]k-hn-°p-∂-Xmtbm Ah-

cpsS ]pcp-j-∑m¿°v A≤zm\w IqSmsX Blmcw e`n-°p-∂-Xmtbm

\mw I≠n- n√. - AssIkvXh temI-hp-ambn Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ

InkvXym-\n-I-fn¬ C°m-cy-Øn¬ bmsXmcp am‰hpw \mw Z¿in-®n-´n√.

Ip‰w sNøm-\p≈ ]h-W-Xsb kw_-‘n-®m-sW-¶n¬ AssI-

kvXh hnizm-kn-I-fp-ambn InkvXym-\n-Isf Xmc-Xayw sNøp-tºmƒ

]m]w sNøm-\p≈ ]h-WX Ah-cn¬ \n∂pw ssZhw ]q¿Æ-ambpw

XpS-®p-\o-°n-b-Xmbn ImWp-∂n-√. CXv IqSmsX A¤p-X-I-c-amb

as‰mcp Imcyw ssZh-]p-X-\n¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ \ne-hmcw

Ipd™ Hcp hnizm-k-amtWm ssZh-Øn¬ amXw hniz-kn-°pI

F∂Xv? CXv G‰hpw IqSpX¬ ]k-‡-am-hp-∂Xv `Z-ambn kq£n-

°-s∏´ Nnc-]p-cm-X-\-amb Cu clkyw (ssZ-h-Øn\v ]pX\ps≠∂

cl-kyw) shfn-hm-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v apºp≈ Ime-L-´sØ kw_-‘n-

®m-Wv. Xo¿®-bmbpw ssZh-Ønepw Ahs‚ GI-Xz-Ønepw hnizm-k-

ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂ P\-ßƒ A°m-e-Øp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-t]mse

InkvXp-hn\v tijhpw F√m aX-Ønepws]´ FÆ-a‰ P\-ßƒ `qan-

bn¬ P\n-°p-Ibpw Ah¿ GI-ssZ-h-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. ssZh-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw F¥p-sIm≠v Bfp-I-fpsS Ip‰-Ønepw

in£-bnepw bmsXmcp kzm[o-\hpw sNep-Øp-∂n√? F¥p-sIm≠v

]nXm-hmb ssZhw Xs‚ ]cn-ip-≤\mb ]pX≥ ]m]n-Iƒ°v th≠n

\S-ØnbXv t]msebp≈ Hcp _en ]Z¿in-∏n-°m-\p≈ k∑-\ v

ImWn-®n-√? Xo¿®-bmbpw ]nXm-hmb ssZh-w kwkvImcw Ipd-™-h-

\mbpw ]pX≥ IqSp-X¬ [m¿ΩnI aqey-ßƒ D≈-h-\mbpw ChnsS

ImW-s∏-Sp∂p (ssZhw s]mdp-Øp-X-c-s´). At∏mƒ ssZhXzw F∂Xv

Ct∏mgpw ]q¿Æ-X-bn-te-°p≈ ]In-b-bpsS ]mX-bn-emtWm F∂v

ChnsS sh®v GsXm-cmƒ°pw tNmZn-®pIqtS?


A≤ymbw 3

]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ ]¶v

CXp hsc \mw ]pX-s\∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ tbip-hn-t‚bpw tbip-

hns‚ A£-cm¿∞-Øn-ep≈ ]nXmhv F∂p Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ ssZh-Øn-

t‚bpw ]iv\-ßsf kw_-‘n®v N¿® sNbvXp. F∂m¬ InkvXp-

aX kn≤m-¥-Øn¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv F∂ t]cn¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂

aq∂m-a-sXmcp hy‡nXzw IqSn-bp-≠v. Cu ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv ]nXm-hn-

t\mSpw ]pX-t\mSpw imiz-X-ambpw kºq¿Æ-ambpw IqSn-t®¿∂v Cu

aq∂v AkvXn-Xz-ßfpw H∂m-bn-Øo¿∂p-sh-¶nepw, ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv

hyXn-cn-‡-amb Hcp hy‡n-Xz-am-Wv. \ΩpsS i≤ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\

kw_-‘n® Cu ]iv\-Øn-te°v Xncn-°mw. AXm-bXv ]cn-ip-≤m-

flm-hn\v tbip-hn¬ \n∂pw ssZ-h-Øn¬ \n∂pw thdn´ Hcp Alw-

t_m[w Dt≠m? AX-√ Ah¿ aq∂v t]cpw IqSn Hcp Alw-t_m[w

]¶n-Sp-I-bm-bn-cpt∂m? A¥n-a-hn-i-I-e-\-Øn¬ "CtKm' (Ego) F∂m¬

]c-a-amb t_m[-am-Wv. AXm-bXv Hmtcm hy‡n-bp-tSbpw Ahn- m-Pyhpw

Abmƒ°v amXw ]tXy-I-hp-amb Xs‚ t_m[-Øns‚ ]c-a-amb Ah-

ÿ-bmWv Alw-t_m-[w F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. "Ah≥', "Ah-t‚Xv '

F∂pw "\o' "\nt‚Xv' F∂p-ap≈ `mh-ßƒs°-Xn-cmbn "Rm≥',

"Fs‚', "Ft‚Xv' F∂o t_m[w P\n-∏n-°p-∂Xpw as‰m-cm-fn¬ \n∂v

XnI®pw hyXn-cn-‡-hp-amb Hcm-fpsS ]c-a-amb Alw-t_m[w Xs∂-

bmWv ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv.

Znhy-Xz-Øns‚ aq∂v mK-ßsf tIµo-I-cn®v ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ

aq∂v t]¿°pw thdn´ Alw-t_m[aps≠t∂m Cs√t∂m D≈ Imcyw

\ap°v Xocp-am-\n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. Ah¿°v thdn´ coXn-bn¬ hyXn-cn-

‡-amb AkvXnXzw Cs√-¶n¬ Ah-cn¬ Btcm-]n-°-s∏´ hy‡nXzw

Kln-°m≥ km[n-°msX hcpw. Hmtcm hy‡nbpw as‰mcp hy‡n-

tbmSp FX Xs∂ ASp-∏-ap-≠mbmepw icn Ah-c-h-cpsS D◊sb

∏‰n Ah--t_m-[-ap-≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

ssZh-Øns‚ aq∂v kØ-I-fn¬ Hmtcm-∂n\pw AXm-Xns‚ hyXy-

kvX-amb hy‡n-Xz-ß-fp≠v F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ an° InkvXob k`-

I-fp-tSbpw HutZym-KnI \ne-]mSv hfsc hy‡hpw kp\n-›n-X-hp-amWv.

AXp-sIm≠v Ah tIhew H∂nse aq∂-√ (Three in one). adn®v

AXv aq∂v hy‡n-Iƒ ktΩ-fn® Hcp hy‡n-bm-Wv. ac-W-hp-am-bp≈


tbip-hns‚ Ibvt]-dnb A`n-ap-Jo-I-c-Whpw AXn-t\m-S-\p-_-‘n®p≈

Zpc-¥-]q¿W-amb kw`-h-]-c-º-c-Ifpsa√mw Xs∂ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhpw

Xpey-ambn ]¶n-ń´p-≠m-h-Ww. tbip-hn-t\m-sSm∏w ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhpw

Cu XymK-ß-sf√mw kln-®n- p-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. ]nXm-hmb ssZh-tØmSpw

tbip-hn-t\m-Sp-sam∏w \c-Ihpw At±lw A\p-`-hn-®n-´p-≠m-Ipw. Aß-

s\-b-s√-¶n¬ Ah¿ aq∂v t]cpw hyXy-kvX-am-bXpw thdn-´-Xp-amb

aq∂v hy‡n-Xz-ß-fm-sW∂v ]d-tb-≠n-hcpw F∂p amX-a-√, akvXn-

jvIhpw lrZ-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ Ah-cpsS Ign-hp-Ifpw hnIm-c-ßfpw

hyXy-kvXhpw thdn-´Xpw ]c-kv]cw _‘-an-√m-Ø-Xp-am-sW-∂p-ap≈

\nK-a-\-Øn¬ A\n-hm-cy-ambpw \mw FØn-t®-tc≠n hcpw.

XnXzsØ kw_-‘n® \ΩpsS ImgvN-∏mSv IqSp-X¬ hnim-e-am-

h-W-sa-¶n¬ aq∂v hy‡n-Iƒ H∂mbn IqSn-t®-cp-∂-Xn-t‚tbm As√-

¶n¬ imiz-X-ambn Hcp hy‡n-bmbnØo¿∂ aq∂p hy‡n-I-tftbm

hn`m-h\ sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v. Ah¿ aq∂p-t]-cp-tSbpw Nn¥-Ifpw hnIm-

c-ß-fpw Fßs\ H∂m-bn-Øo¿∂p F∂p I-s≠-Øp-∂-Xn¬ CXp-hsc

\mw ]cm-P-b-s∏-´p-\n¬°p-I-bm-Wv.

Cu XnXz-`m-h\ km£m¬°-cn-°m≥ Htc-sbmcp hgn amXta

Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂p-≈q. AXv ico-c-Ønse kwtbm-P-\-am-Wv. CXv Ko°v

CXn-lm-k-ß-fn¬ ]cm-a¿in-®n-´p≈ sslU-(Hydra)bpsS Xe-bp≈

Hcp òI-c-Po-hn-bpsS kvacW \ΩpsS Hm¿Ω-bn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cp-

∂p. \nc-h[n Xe-bp≈ B Pohn-bpsS XeIƒ shń am‰p-tºm-sg√mw

ho≠pw apf-®p-h-cpw. Xo¿®-bmbpw a\p-jy\v ssZh-Øns‚ bYm¿∞

]IrXn F¥m-sW∂v Kln-°m≥ km[y-a-√. Fßs\-bmWv ssZhn-

I-Kp-W-ßƒ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-sX∂pw \ap-°-dn-bn-√. Xe, lrZbw,

InUv\n apX-emb Ah-b-h-ßƒ hyXykvX taJ-e-I-fn¬ hyXykvX

[¿Ω-ß-tfmsS ]h¿Øn-°p-∂p. Aßs\ hyXykvX taJ-e-I-fn¬

]h¿Øn-°mØ GI- k-Ø-bmWv ssZhw F∂v hniz-kn-°-emWv

efn-Xhpw Ffp-∏-hpw. F∂m¬ hyXy-kvX-amb sshb-‡nI Nn¥-I-

fpw hnIm-c-ß-fp-ap≈ Cu ssZh-k-¶ev]w ta¬]-d™ ssZh-Øns‚

"GI-kØm' k¶-ev]-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xo¿®-bmbpw hyXykvX-amb

as‰mcp Bibam-Wv. CXv ssZh-sØ-°p-dn®v a\p-jy\v hniz-kn-°m\pw

Dƒs°m-≈m\pw ]bm-k-I-c-amb Hcp [mc-W-bp-≠m-°p-∂p. InkvXob

hnizm-k-Øn¬ Ign-bp∂ _lp-`q-cn -]-£hpw CXns\ tNmZyw

sNømsX Zo¿L-Imew Pohn-®p. ssZhw kz¥w Ic-ßƒ sIm≠v

krjvSn®p \¬In-bXv F∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp∂ a\p-jy-bp-‡nsb \·-

ambn ewLn-°p∂ Cu kn≤m-¥-Øn-s∂-Xnsc ]ecpw IÆ-S-®n-

cn°p∂p.




krjvSn∏n¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ ]¶v

krjvSn-bpsS ssZhnI ]≤-Xn-bntem tbip-hns‚ Imcy-ß-fntem

]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv Fs¥-¶nepw mKw \n¿∆-ln-®-Xmbn \ap°v ImWm≥

km[n-°p-∂n-√.

"BZn-bn¬ ssZhw BIm-ihpw qanbpw krjvSn-®p.' (D-ev]Øn1:1)

ChnsS ss__nƒ ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ ]nXm-hmb ssZhsØ∏‰n-

b-√msX tbip-hns\ ]‰ntbm ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ kw_-‘nt®m

bmsXmcp ]c-m-a¿itam kqN-\tbm C√. InkvXp-aXw Bhn¿`-hn-

°p-∂-Xn\v apºv ss__nƒ ]g-b-\n-a-b-Øn¬ hniz-kn-®n-cp∂ kIe

blq-Zn-Ifpw ]Xn-\m-bn-c-°-W-°n\v XhW Cu hN\w tIń-´p-≠m-

hWw. Ah-cn-emcpw Xs∂ ]]-©-Øns‚ krjvSn-]-In-b-bn¬

tbipthm ]cn-ip-≤m-flmthm ]s¶-Sp-Ø-Xmbn tIń-cn-°m-\n-S-bn-√.

tbml-∂m≥ At±-l-Øns‚ kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ "hN\w' F∂ hm°v

tbip-hns\ ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-

bn.* AØcw ]c-a-]-[m-\-amb Hcp hnjbw kphn-ti-j-Im-c-∑m-cn¬

Hcm-fmb tbml-∂m≥ amX-amWv ]cn-K-Wn-®-Xv- F∂ Imcyw hnNn-X-

am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. At±-l-am-Is´ tbip-hns‚ injy≥ t]mep-am-bn-cp-∂n√.

Hcmƒ At±-l-Øns‚ hN-\-ßƒ ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\-ambn ]cn-K-Wn-

°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Xs∂ "ssZh-Øns‚ C—' F∂ A¿∞-Øn-em-Wv

AXv a\- n-em-°m≥ Ign-bp-I. CXm-Is´ an° aX-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ krjvSn-

∏n-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ Hcp k¶-ev]-hp-amWv.

A¤p-X-I-c-sa∂p ]d-bs´, krjvSn -]-In-b-bn¬ InkvXphpw

]cn-ip-≤m-flmhpw ]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p F∂ Zo¿L-Im-esØ clkyw

tbip-hn\v amX-a-dn-bp∂ Hcp cl-ky-ambn \ne-\n-∂p. "hN\w'

Rm\mWv F∂v Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp∂ tbip-hn-s‚-Xmb Hcp ]kvXm-h\

t]mepw \mw hmbn-®n-ń-√. AXp-sIm≠v ]]©w krjvSn-°p-∂-Xnepw

AXns\ cq]-s∏-SpØn FSp-°p-∂-Xnepw tbip-hn\pw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-

hn\pw bmsXmcp ]¶p-an-√m-bn-cp∂p F∂p a\- n-em-°mw. as‰mcp

Imcyw \tΩmSp ]d-b-s∏-´-Xv, ]nXm-hmb ssZhw amX-amWv Xs‚

kz¥w ssIsIm≠v s]mSn-a-Æn¬ \n∂pw a\p-jys\ krjvSn-®Xv

F∂mWv. tbip-hn-t‚bpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-t‚bpw c≠v ssIIsf∏‰n

Hcp InkvXy≥ kmln-Xy-Ønepw Rm≥ hmbn-®n-ń-√. AXp-sIm≠v

tbip-hn-t‚bpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-t‚bpw klm-btam ]¶m-fn-Øtam

* BZn-bn¬ hN\w D≠m-bn-cp∂p. hN\w ssZh-tØm-Sp-IqsS Bbn-cp-∂p. hN\w

ssZhw Bbn-cp-∂p. (tbml: 1:1).


C√m-sX-bmWv ssZhw F√m krjvSn-I¿Ω-ßfpw \n¿∆-ln-®-Xv. krjvSn-

I¿Ωw \S-°p-tºmƒ kΩ-X-`m-h-Øn¬ Ah¿ shdptX t\m°n-bn-cp-

∂-XmtWm? AtXm hmkvX-h-Øn¬ krjvSn-]-In-b-bn¬ Ah¿ kPo-

h-ambn ]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp-∂pthm? krjvSn-I¿Ω-Øn¬ Ahcpw kPo-h-ambn

]s¶-Sp-Øp-sh-∂mWv InkvXy≥ imkvXn-amcpsS DØ-c-sa-¶n¬

as‰mcp tNmZyw DSs\ Db-cpw. Ah¿ Hmtcm-cp-Ø¿°pw as‰m-cm-fpsS

klm-b-an-√msX kzX-¥-ambn ]]-©w krjvSn-°m≥ Ign-hp-≠m-bn-

cp-∂pthm? AX√, A-h¿ aq∂p-t]-cp-sSbpw kl-tbm-K-Øn¬ amXta

krjvSn \S-Øm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈pthm? ka-ky-Iƒ ho≠pw Db-

cp-I-bmWv. Ch¿ aq∂p-t]-cp-tSbpw A\n-hm-cy-amb ]¶m-fnXzw krjvSn-

I¿Ω-Øn\v Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-tSbpw

]¶v Xpey-ambncp∂pthm? AX√ Hcm-fpsS A≤zm\w amXw A[n-I-

am-bn-cp-∂pthm? Ah¿ aq∂v t]cp-tSbpw Ign-hp-Iƒ Xc-Ønepw Af-

hnepw hyXy-kvX-amtWm? Ah¿ aqhcpw B Ign-hp-Iƒ Xpey-am-

bmtWm hn\n-tbm-Kn-®Xv? CXn¬ c≠n¬ GsX-¶n-ep-sam∂p kΩ-Xn-

®m¬ XnXz-Ønse Hmtcm LS-IØn\pw H∂p-w Xs∂ krjvSn-°m≥

km[y-a-√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cpw.

a‰p ssZhnI ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-te°pw Cu hmZ-KXn hym]n-∏n-°p-

I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Hcp ]I¿®-hym-[n-sb-t∂mWw CtX ]iv\-ßfpw

tNmZy-ßfpw InkvXp-aX imkvXn-Isf th´-bm-Sp∂Xmbn-cn-°pw. Hcp

GI-tIµ i‡nbpw A[n-Im-chpw AXns‚ aq∂v hn`n∂ `mh-ßfpw

]I-S-\-ß-fp-ap≈ efn-X-amb GI-k-Ø-bp≈ ssZh-Øn¬ Rßƒ

hniz-kn-®n- n√ F∂v A¥y-\m-fn¬ InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°v kΩ-Xn-t°≠n

hcpw. ]c-kv]-c-]q-c-I-ß-fmb ssZh-Øns‚ aq∂v LS-I-ßƒ F∂-Xn-

t\-°mƒ ssZh-i-co-c-Øn∂v aq∂v JWvV-ß-fp≠v F∂mWv Ah¿

hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu aq∂v JWvU-ßƒ Xpey-ß-fmtWm A√tbm

F∂ ]iv\w Xmc-X-tay\ \n m-c-hn-j-b-ambn Ah¿ Ah-K-Wn-°p∂p.

DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v \oXn-bp-tSbpw ]m]s∏mdp-Xn-bp-tSbpw Imcy-sa-

Sp-°p-I. ]pX≥ hf-sc-tbsd Imcp-Wy-hm-\mbn ImW-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ

]nXm-hmb ssZhw \oXn-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-t\-°mƒ

Xmsg-bmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhn\v ]nXm-hmb ssZh-

Øns‚ `mKØp \n∂p≈ A\o-Xnbn¬ bmsXmcp ]¶p-an-√.

\mw ]cm-a¿in® c≠m-asØ km[yX tbiphpw ]cn-ip-≤m-

flmhpw krjvSn-I¿Ω-Øns‚ Imcy-Ønepw ]]-©- -c-W-Øns‚ Imcy-

Ønepw ImWn-°p∂ DZm-ko-\-X-bm-Wv. Cu DZm-ko-\X a‰p ]e ka-

ky-I-fp-ap-b¿Øp-∂p. H∂m-a-Xmbn ssZhn-I-amb ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬



ssZh-Øns‚ ]¶m-fn-I-fmb a‰v c≠p t]cp-tSbpw ]s¶-¥mWv?

kvfo]nwKv ]m¿´vW-sd-t]mse Ah¿ \njvIn-bcpw \ni-_vZ-cp-amb

ImgvN-°m-cm-sW-¶n¬ kzm`m-hnIambpw Ah¿ c≠mw Xc-°m-cmbn

XcwXmgvØ-s∏-Sp-∂p. ssZh-Øns‚ ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw i‡n-bnepw

]¶p-Im-cm-hmsX ssZh-tØ-°mƒ Hcp ]Sn Xmgv∂ \ne-bn¬ ssZh-

tØm-sSm∏w Ah¿ kl-h¿Øn-®p-\n¬°p-∂p. ]h¿Ø-\-c-ln-X-amb

c≠v D]mw-K-ß-fp≈ (Appendices) Cu ssZh-k-¶ev]w anX-ambn

]d-™m¬ AXy¥w hnNn-X-am-Wv. Rm≥ A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-I-bmWv

BcpsS a\- m-£n-bmWv CXp-sIm≠v Xr]vXn-s∏-SpI? "aq∂n¬ H∂v'

F∂pw "H∂n¬ aq∂v' F∂p-ap≈ InkvXy≥ ssZh-k-¶ev]w bp‡n-

t_m-[-Øn\v XnI-®pw Akzo-Im-cyhpw AXp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-s∏-Sp-

Øm≥ km[n-°m-Ø-Xp-am-Wv. Nn¥bpw i‡nbpw AXp-t]mse GI-

Po-hn-k-Ø-°p-≠m-bn-cn-t°≠ \ΩpsS Pohn-Xm-\p-`-h-Øn-ep≈

as‰√mw KpW-ßfpw kºq¿W-ambn ebn-°msX aqs∂-Æ-Øns‚ GI-

Xzw hnZq-c-am-bn-t∏mepw Kln-°m≥ \ap°v km[y-a-√. Hcp thdn´

hy‡n-Xz-amb ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv Xs‚ hy‡nXzw a‰p c≠v hy‡n-Xz-

ß-fp-am-bn, hn -Pn-°m-\m-hm-Ø-hn[w ]q¿Æ-ambpw Xs‚ kz¥w kØm-

Kp-W-ßƒ Dt]-£n®p ]q¿Æ-ambpw ebn-®p-tN-cp-∂n-s√-¶n¬, Htc

Nn¥bpw Htc ico-c-tØm-Sp-w Iq-Snb sslU-bpsS X-e-bp≈ ssZh-

sØ-t∏mse Hcp ssZhw t]mepw D≠m-Ip-sa∂ ]Xo-£°v Xs∂

hI-bn-√m-Xm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p.

\nKqV cl-ky-ßtfm hntcm-[m- m-ktam?

Hcmƒ°v ]q¿Æ-ambn a\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-®n-´n-√mØ kwK-Xn-

Iƒ A\n-tj-[y-amb sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°m-

hp-∂-Xm-Wv. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v tdUntbm ]t£-]-Whpw AXv ]nSn-

s®-Sp-°p∂ tdUntbm sk‰ns‚ kmt¶-XnI ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw F¥m-

sW∂v an° t]¿°pw Adn-bn-√. AXp-t]mse i_vZhpw NnXhpw

hnZypXv Im¥nI Xcw-K-ß-fm°n am‰n ]t£-]Ww sNbvXv tdUn-

tbmhpw sSen-hn-j\pw ]h¿Øn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-s\∏-‰nbpw km[m-c-W-°m-

cn¬ _lp-`q-cn-]-£-Øn\pw Adn-bn-√. F¶nepw tdUn-tbm-hn-t\bpw

sSen-hn-j-t\bpw bmYm¿∞y-Øn¬ G‰hpw \nc-£-c-\mb hy‡n

t]mepw hniz-kn-°p-∂p. AXp-t]mse \Ωn¬ ]e¿°pw Iºyq-´¿

Fß-s\-bmWv ]h¿Øn-°p-∂-sX-∂-dn-bn-√. ]t£ Cu B[p-\n-I-

bp-K-Øn¬ AXns‚ ]h¿Ø\w Adn-bn√ F∂ Hscm‰ ImcWw

sIm≠pamXw AXns‚ AkvXnXzw Bcpw \ntj-[n-°p-sa∂v tXm∂p-

∂n-√. AØcw hnj-b-ßƒ \ap°v \nKq-V-c-l-ky-ßƒ (Mysteries)



F∂ ]´n-I-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. ChnsS AXns‚ AkvXn-

XzsØ \ntj-[n-°p∂ ]iv\w D¤-hn-°p-∂n-√. AXn¬ hniz-kn-°p-

∂-hsc ]cn-l-kn-t°≠ Imcy-hp-an-√. Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah¿ A\n-tj-

[y-amb sXfn-hp-I-fpsS ]n≥_-e-Øn-emWv Aßs\ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv.

aX-hn-izm-k-ß-fpsS cq]-Øn¬ \ne-\n¬°p∂ CØcw \nKq-V-c-l-

ky-ß-tfmSp \ap°v Ipsd IqSn Ab-hp≈ kao-]\w kzoI-cn-°m-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv. hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bm-sXbpw a\- n-em-hm-sXbpw hf-sc-

b-[nIw Bfp-Iƒ CØcw \nKq-Vm-fl-I-amb aX-kn-≤m-¥-ß-fn¬ hniz-

kn-°p-∂p. ]mc-º-cy-ambn Xe-ap-d-bn¬ \n∂v Xe-ap-d-bn-te°v ssIam-

dp∂ CØcw hnizm-k-ßƒ kXy-am-sW∂ k¶-ev]-Øn¬ hniz-kn-

°-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]t£,- a-X-hn-izm-k-ß-fn¬ sshcp-≤y-ßfpw hntcm-[m-`m-

k-ßfpw ImWp-tºmƒ AXns\ A\p-Iq-en-°p∂ kao-]\w AwKo-

I-cn-°m≥ km[y-a-√. Aº-c-∏n-°p∂ \nKq-V-X-I-fn¬ Bfp-Iƒ hniz-

kn-°p-∂p-ht√m F∂ \ymb-Øn-t∑¬ CØcw hntcm-[m-`m-k-ß-fn¬

hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xns\ \ymbo-I-cn-°m≥ km[y-a-√. ChnsS ]iv\w

AXy¥w k¶o¿W-am-Wv. F\n°v ]q¿Æ-ambpw Kln-°m≥ km[n-

°mØ kwK-Xn-Iƒ F\n°v hniz-kn-°m≥ km[n-°pw. ]t£, Hcp

Imcyw kzbw Xs∂ sshcp-≤ym-fl-I-am-sW-¶n¬ F\n-°-Xn¬ hniz-

kn-°m≥ km[y-a-√. bp‡n-t_m-[-ap≈ F√m-hcpw Cß-s\-bm-bn-cn-

°p-sa∂v Rm≥ ]Xo-£n-°p-∂p. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Hcp hm®v Fß-

s\-bmWv \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-´-sX∂v F\n-°-dn-bn-√. AXv icn Xs∂, kΩ-

Xn°mw. ]t£, B hm®v Ipc-°p-I-bpw, am¥p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Hcp

]´n-bm-sW∂v hniz-kn-°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw F\n-°n-√. CXv \n-Kq-Vm-

fl-I-amb kn≤m-¥-a-√. tIhew \·-amb hntcm-[m-`m-k-am-Wv.

ssZh-Øns‚ ct≠m AXn-e-[n-Itam KpW-ß-fp (Attribute) -ambpw ]c-kv]cw sshcp-≤ytam ssZh-Øns‚ ]hrØn-Ifpw hN-\-

ßfp-ambn s]mcp-Ø-an-√m-bvatbm D≠m-hp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ \nKq-V-c-l-

ky-ß-fpsS ]cn[n ewLn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. At∏mƒ \nKq-V-c-l-ky-ß-fpsS

taJ-e-bn¬ \n∂pw Ah sI´p-I-Y-I-fpsS temIØv FØn-b-Xmbn

Hcp-h≥ kzbw a\- n-em-°-Ww. hnizm-k-Ønse AØcw hncp-t≤m-

‡n-Iƒ sXfn-bn-°-s∏-´m¬ AXv Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-Øn¬ am‰-ßƒ

hcp-Øp-sa∂v ]Xo-£n-°p∂Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. Cu am-‰-ßƒ Ah-

cpsS hnizm-ksØ ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v. \n¿`m-Ky-I-c-

sa∂p ]d-b-s´, Rß-fp-ambn \S-Øp∂ kwhm-Z-ß-fn¬ InkvXy≥

]ptcm-ln-X-∑m¿ tbip-hns\ Htc-k-abw ssZhhpw a\p-jy-\p-ambn hniz-

kn-°p-∂-Xn¬ bmsXmcp sshcp≤yhp-an√ F∂ Xocp-am-\-Øn¬ ASn-

bp-d®v \n¬°p-∂-h-cmbn Rßƒ ImWp∂p. Hcmƒ°v Htc kabw



Ah-cpsS kz`m-h-Øn¬ bmsXmcp am‰hpw hcp-ØmsX Xs∂ aq∂v

t]cm-Im-sa-∂-Xn¬ Ah¿ bmsXmcp sshcp-≤yhpw ImWp-∂n-√. Ah¿

\sΩ GI-ssZ-h-Øn¬ hniz-kn-°m\pw AtX-k-abw ssZhw, ssZh-

]p-X≥ ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv F∂o aq∂v apJ-ß-fp≈ ssZh-Øn¬ hniz-

kn-°m\pw \n¿_-‘n-°p-∂p. CXv Hcp sshcp-≤y-a-s√∂pw efn-X-amb

Hcp \nKq-V-c-l-ky-am-sW∂v ]d-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. ]nXm-hmb ssZh-

Øn-t‚-bpw, ssZh-]p-X-t‚-bpw, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-t‚bpw hy‡nXzw hn`n-

∂-amWv F∂Xv Hcp hkvXp-X-bm-sW-∂-tXm-sSm∏w Xs∂ ssZhw

H∂mWv F∂mWv Ah-cpsS Ah-Im-i-hm-Zw. Cu Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-Ønse

\·-amb sshcp-≤y-Øn\p t\sc Ah¿ IÆ-S-°p-I-bm-Wv. \mw kwkm-

cn-°p-∂Xv aq∂v hn`n∂ hy‡n-I-sf-°p-dn-®mWv. Hcp hy‡n-bpsS

hn`n∂ ]tXy-I-X-I-sf-°p-dn-t®m, mh-ß-sf-°p-dn-t®m, KpW-ß-sf-°p-

dnt®m A√. amX-a√, B ssZhw "aq∂n¬ H∂pw' "H∂n¬ aq∂p'ambn

\ne-sIm-≈p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXv Xo¿®-bmbpw \nKq-Vm-flI cl-

ky-a√. \·-amb sshcp-≤y-am-sW∂v \mw Ah¿°v Nq≠n-°m-Wn-

°p-tºmƒ \tΩmSp kl-X-]n-®p-sIm≠v Ah¿ Xe-bm-´pw. F∂n´v

sshcp-≤y-Øns‚ as‰mcp taJ-e-bn-te°v Im¬sh-°m≥ hfsc hn\o-

X-ambn \tΩmSp Bh-iy-s∏-Spw. Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-amb Imcy-ß-fn¬ hniz-

kn-°m-\mWv Ah¿ BZyw Xs∂ \tΩmSp Bh-iy-s∏Sp∂Xv. F∂n´p

AhnsS \n∂pw sshcp-≤yØne-[n-jvTn-X-amb Hcp hnizm-k-Øn-te°v

\sΩ sIm≠p t]mIp-∂p. AXns\ sshcp≤yw -F-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ

\nKqV clkyw F∂v hnfn-°-m\mWv Ah¿ CjvS-s∏-Sp∂Xv. IÆpw

]qń hniz-kn-°Ww F∂v ]d-bp∂ Im-c-W-Øm¬ Hcp AssI-kvX-

h\v InkvXy≥ aX-kn-≤m-¥-ß-fnse sshcp-≤y-ßƒ F¥m-sW∂v

a\- n-em-°m≥ km[y-a-√. Hcmƒ°v hniz-kn-°m≥ Ign-bm-ØXv

Abmƒ Kln-°-Ww, Kln-°m≥ Ign-bmsX Abmƒ hniz-kn-°p-

Ibpw thWw. CXmWv Ah¿ AssI-kvX-h-tcmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-

Xv. CXmWv AssI-kvX-h-cmb \mw ]th-in-°-W-sa∂v InkvXym-

\n-Iƒ D]-tZ-in-°p-∂ InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ àm-fl-I-amb ambn-I-tem-

Iw. ]t£, àm-Xv-Iamb am¥nI ]c-h-Xm-\n-bn¬ Ahn-izmkn Imse-

Sp-Øp-h-®m¬ ]d-∂p-t]m-Im≥ AXv hnk-Ω-Xn-°p-∂p.

A≤ymbw 4

Iqio-I-cWw

tbip-hn-t\mSpw At±-l-Øns‚ Iqio-I-c-W-tØmSpw _‘-s∏´

ss__nƒ hnh-c-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw i≤ Xncn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ap-ºmbn tbip-

hns‚ Iqio-I-cW thf-bnepw AXn\p tij-hpw At±-l-Øn\p F¥p

kw`-hn®p F∂ Imcy-sØ∏-‰n-bp≈ AlvaZnøm ho£Ww Npcp°n

hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv Aÿm-\-Øm-hn√ F∂v Icp-Xp-∂p. Cu hnjbw lkz-

ambn ChnsS ]cm-a¿in® tijw ]n∂oSv hni-Z-ambn N¿® sNøm-hp-

∂-Xm-Wv.

tbip-hns‚ Iqio-I-cWw F∂Xv at‰-sXmcp h[-i-ahpw

t]mse Hcp ht[m-Zy-a-am-bn-cp∂p F∂mWv \mw hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xv. B

h[-i-a-Øn\p th≠n-bp≈ Hcp D]m-[n-bm-bn-cp∂p Iqio-I-c-Ww.

F¥p Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂mepw tbip-hns\ sIme-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ Imcy-

Øn¬ Iqio-I-cWw Hcp ]cm-P-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ At±-lsØ Ipcn-

in-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]cm-Pn-X-cmbn F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xn\v Xpey-am-Wn-Xv. at‰-

sXmcp ht[m-Zy-a-sØ-°p-dn®pw \man-ßs\ ]d-bm-dp-≠v. Hcmƒ as‰m-

cm-sf sIm√m≥ ian®psh∂n-cn-°-s´. B h[-iaw ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. At∏mƒ sIme-]m-X-I-i-a-Øn\p hnt[-b-\mb Bƒ sIm√-

s∏- p-sh∂v ]d-bm≥ km[y-a-√. DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp

h[-iaw hmfp-sIm≠v \S-Øp-Ibpw sIme-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ ]cm-P-

b-s∏SpIbpw sNbvXp-sh-∂n-cn-°-s´. c£-s∏´ Bsf-∏‰n Bcpw Xs∂

Abmƒ hmfn-∂n-c-bmbn F∂v ]d-bm-dn-√. A]-Imcw Rßƒ Alv

aZn-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv tbip-hn\v t\sc Hcp h[-iaw amX-amWv

\S-∂-sX-∂m-Wv. B h[-i-a-Øn\v Iqio-I-cWw Hcp-]-I-cWw amX-

am-bn-cp-∂p. Ipcn-in¬ sh®v GXm\pw aWn-°q¿ t\csØ Xoh-amb

]oU-\-Øn\v tijw ac-W-sa-Øp-∂-Xn\v aptº At±-lsØ AKm-[-

amb t_m[-c-ln-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬ Ipcn-in¬ \n∂pw FSpØv am‰-s∏-Sp-

Ibpw ]n∂oSv At±lw B t_m[-iq-\ym-h-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂pw DW-cp-

I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. ac-W-Øn\v hn[n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]n∂oSv h[-in-£-bn¬

\n∂v Fßs\tbm c£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX Hcmƒ°v Hcp `c-W-Iq-S-

Øn\pw ]n∂oSv \nb-a-]-cn-c£ \¬Im≥ Ign-bn-√. A]-Imcw tdma≥

\nb-a-Øn\p Iognepw Iqio-I-c-W-Øn-\p-tijw At±-l-Øn\v \nb-

a-]-cn-c-£bpw kwc-£-Whpw \¬Im≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Cu kml-

Ncyw tdma≥`-c-W-]-tZ-iØv \n∂pw GsX-¶nepw kzX-¥-tZ-iØv

]hmkw sNøm≥ At±-lsØ t]cn-∏n®-Xn\v aXn-bmb Imc-W-am-


bn-cp-∂p. AXv amX-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. At±-l-Øn\v Hcp ZuXyw \n¿∆-ln-

°m\pw Hcp ]h-N\w ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°m\pap≠m-bn-cp-∂p. _m_n-tem-

Wn-b≥, t]¿jy≥ `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ A[n-\n-th-i-Øn-\p-tijw Ing-

°≥ cmPy-ß-fn-te°v NnX-dn-∏n-cn-™p- Xma-kn-°p∂ Ckm-tb¬ Krl-

Ønse ImWmsX t]mb tKmX-ßƒ tbip-hns‚ ZuXyw ]Xo-£n-

®n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw PqZn-bm-bn¬ \n∂pw \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn

blq-Zn-Iƒ IpSn-tb-dn-∏m¿Øp-h-cp∂ A\y-tZ-i-ß-fn-te-°v tZim-S\w

sNbvXp F∂-Xn\v CXv i‡-amb Hcp Imc-W-am-bnØo¿∂p.

Ipcn-in¬ \n∂pw c£-s∏-´-Xn\ptijw km[m-cW \ne-bn¬

tbip acn®p F∂-Xn\v Rß-tfmSv sXfnhv Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-h-tcmSp

Hcp -Imcyw hy‡-am-°m≥ Rm\m-K-ln-°p-∂p. bmsXmcp \oXn-I-c-

Whpan√msX sXfn-hp- \¬Ip-∂-Xns‚ _m≤yX Ah¿ Rß-fpsS

Npa-en¬ sIń-sh-°p-I-bm-Wv. Hcp a\p-jy≥ acn-°pI F∂Xv km[m-

c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ km¿h-Xn-I-ambn F√m-h¿°p-a-dn-bp∂ Hcp ]IrXn

]Xn-`m-k-am-Wv. AXm-bXv `qan-bn¬ a\p-jym-bp v ]c-am-h[n \q‰-

ºXv hb- n¬ Ihn-bn-√. AXv B-bncw h¿jtam AXn-\-∏p-dtam Hcn-

°epw \ofm-dn-√. `qan-bn¬ a\p-jym-bp- p-ambn _‘-s∏´ \ΩpsS

A\p-`-h-am-Wn-Xv. Cu \nb-a-Øn\p hncp-≤ambn a\p-jy≥ Pohn-

°p∂psh∂v Bsc-¶nepw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp -∂p-sh-¶n¬ sXfnhv

\¬tI≠ Npa-Xe Aßs\ ]d-bp-∂-h-cpsS Npa-en-em-bn-cn-°pw. adn®v,

Cu ]IrXn \nbaw ewLn-°-s∏-ń√ F∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿°√.

tbip-hns‚ ac-W-tØbpw Pohn-X-tØbpw Nqgv∂p \n¬°p-∂- k-a-

ky-I-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw CXv Xs∂-bm-Wv _m[-I-am-t°-≠-Xv.

At±lw acn-®n-ń√ F∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ Ah-cpsS sXfn-hp-Iƒ

sIm≠p-h-tc-≠-Xp-≠v. F∂m¬ At±lw acn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂p ]d-

bp-∂-h¿ ]IrXn \nb-asØ B[m-c-am-°p-Itb th≠q. AXn-ep-]-cn-

bmbn Ah¿ Hcp sXfnhpw sIm≠p-h-tc-≠-Xn-√. A√m-Ø-]£w

Hcmƒ°v Abm-fpsS ]nXm-hns‚ ]nXm-hn-s‚ ]nXm-hns‚ ]nXmhv acn-

®n-ń√ F∂v hmZn-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Aßs\ hmZn-°p∂ Hcmƒ Xs‚

hmZ-Øn-s∂-Xn-cmbn ]kvXpX hy‡n acn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂-Xn-∂v

Fs¥-¶nepw sXfnhv B¿s°-¶nepw ka¿∏n-°m≥ Ign-bptam F∂v

Np‰p-ap-≈-hsc sh√p-hn-fn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p F∂n-cn-°s´: F¥m-bn-

cn°pw Np‰p-ap-≈-h-cpsS ]Xn-I-cWw? ]mhw tIƒhn-°m-c≥ Cu

sh√phnfnsb Fßs\ t\cnSpw? ]Ir-Xn-\n-baw F√m a\p-jy-cnepw

Htc coXn-bn-emWv ]h¿Øn-°pI. AXn¬ \n∂pw Bcpw Xs∂ AXo-

X-c√ F∂pw F∂m¬ Bsc-¶nepw ]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-Øn-s∂-Xnsc Ah-

Im-i-hm-Z-ap-∂-bn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXv sXfn-bn-t°≠ _m[yX B Ah-

Iqio-I-cWw


Im-i-hm-Z-ap-∂-bn-®-bmƒ°m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂pw tIƒhn-°mc\v adp-]Sn ]d-

bmw. CXmWv AXn-∂p≈ H∂m-asØ DØcw. ]t£, as‰mcp ho£-

W-tIm-Wn¬ hkvXp-X-Iƒ hy‡-am-°m-\mWv Fs‚ hn\o-X-i-aw.

ssZh-hp-ambn tbip-hn-∂p-≈ _‘w F¥p-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp-∂mepw

AXv tbip-hns\ acn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw AXo-X-\m-°nbn-cp-∂pthm?

InkvXym-\n-Iƒ kzbw Xs∂ At±lw acn-®-Xmbn hniz-kn-°p-∂p-

≠p-Xm-\pw. acn-°pI F∂Xv tbip-hns‚ ]Ir-Xn°v FXn-cm-sW-¶n¬

]mY-anIambn Hcn-°epw AXv kw`-hn-°m≥ ]mSn-√. ]t£ Npcp-ßn-

bXv Hcp Xh-W-sb-¶nepw At±lw acn-®-Xmbn \msa√mw kΩ-Xn-°p-

∂p. XpS¿∂p≈ At\z-j-W-ßƒ Ft∏m-gmWv At±lw acn-®-sX-∂-

Xns\∏‰n-bm-Wv. AXm-bXv Ipcn-in¬ sh®mtWm AX√ Ipcniv kw`-

h-Øn-\p-ti-j-amtWm?

tbm\m-bpsS AS-bmfw

ssZhw tbip-hns\ ssIhn-´n√ F∂pw Ipcn-inse lo\-a-c-W-

Øn¬ \n∂pw At±-lsØ c£-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb∂pw \ap°v ss__n-

fn¬ \n∂pw sXfn-bn-°m-\m-hpw. Iqio-I-c-W-Øn\p apºpw Iqio-I-

c-W-th-f-bn-epw, Iqio-I-c-W-Øn-\p-ti-j-hp-ambn ss__nƒ ]pXnb

\nb-a-Øn¬ hnh-cn® hkvXp-X-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°n-bp≈ ]T-\-ß-

fn¬ \n∂pw \ap-°nXv sXfn-bn-°m-\m-hpw.

Ipcn-iv kw`-h-Øn\v hfsc apºp Xs∂ P\-ßƒ°v Xs‚ AS-

bmfw tbm\m-bpsS AS-bm-f-a-√msX as‰m-c-S-bm-f-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°n√

F∂v At±lw hmKvZm\w \¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn.

""At∏mƒ imkvXn-am-cnepw ]co-i∑m-cnepw Nne¿ Ah-t\mSp;

Kptcm, \o Hcp AS-bmfw sNbvXp Im◊m≥ Rßƒ C—n-°p∂p

F∂p ]d™p. Ah≥ Ah-tcmSp DØcw ]d-™Xp: "tZmjhpw hy`n-

Nm-c-hp-ap≈ Xe-apd ASbmfw Xnc-bp∂p; tbm\m ]hm-N-Is‚ AS-

bm-f-a-√msX AXn\p AS-bmfw e`n-°n-√. tbm\ henb a’y-Øns‚

hb-‰n¬ aq∂p cmhpw aq∂p ]Iepw Ccp-∂-Xp-t]mse a\p-jy-]p-X≥

aq∂p-cmhpw aq∂p ]Iepw `qan-bpsS D≈n¬ Ccn-°pw' (a-Ømbn

12:38-˛41)

tbip-hn\v F¥v kw`-hn®p F∂v \mw Xocp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xn\v apºv

tbm\m°v F¥v kw`-hn®p F∂v \mw a\- n-em-°-Ww. ImcWw

tbm\m°v kw -hn® AtX A¤pXw X∂nepw Bh¿Øn-°p-sa-∂mWv

tbip Ah-Im-i-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xv. F¥m-bn-cp∂p tbm\m-bpsS AS-bmfw?

tbm\m henb a’y-Øns‚ hb-‰n¬ acn-°p-Ibpw AXn-\p-tijw

Iqio-I-cWw


ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw At±lw ]p\-cp--÷o-hn-∏n-°p-I-bp-amtWm D≠m-

bXv? InkvXy≥ blqZ apkvenw ]fin-X-∑m-cpsS GIo-I-cn-®p≈

A`n-]mbw tbm\ a’y-Øns‚ hb-‰n¬ sh®v acn-®n-´n√ F∂mWv.

Pohn-X-Øn\pw ac-W-Øn\pw at≤y tbm\m A]m-b-I-c-amw-hn-[-Øn¬

Xqßn \nev°p-Ibpw A¤p-X-I-camw hn[w At±lw ac-W-Øn¬

\n∂pw c£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. At±-l-Øns‚ ÿm\Øv at‰-sX-

¶nepw Hcp hy‡n-bm-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ acn-°p--am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ ssZh-

Øns‚ Iev]-\-bn¬ AXn-kq-£va-amb Nne ]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ß-fpsS

bmZr-›n-I-amb IqSn-t®-cen¬ tbm\ ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw c£-s∏-´p.

Aß-s\-sbmcp kw`-h-Øns‚ km[y-Xbpt≠m C√tbm F∂-X-√

\mw N¿® sNøp-∂sXt∂m¿°-Ww. tbip ]d™ Hcp hkvXpX

ChnsS Nq≠n-°m-´pI amX-amWv sNøp-∂Xv. tbm\m-bn¬ kw`-hn-®-

sX-¥mtWm AXp-t]mse X∂nepw kw`-hn-°p-sa∂v tbip ]d-™-

t∏mƒ At±lw A¿∞-am-°n-bXv tbm\m-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ F¥v kw -

hn-®p-sh-∂mtWm F√m-hcpw a\- n-em-°n-bXv AXp-Xs∂ At±-l-

Øns‚ Imcy-Ønepw kw`-hn-®n-cn-°pw F∂-Xm-Wv. PqZn-bm-bn¬ Xma-

kn-®n-cp∂ blq-Zn-Iƒt°m, PqZn-b°v ]pdØv NnX-dn-sØdn-°-en\v

tijw ]hm-kn-I-fmbn Ign-™n-cp∂ blq-Zn-Iƒt°m blq-Z-tem-

IsØ GsX-¶n-ep-samcp hy‡n-t°m tbip ]d™ AS-bm-fsØ]‰n-

bp≈ Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-Øn¬ \n∂pw hn`n-∂-ambn as‰mcp ktµiw e`n-

®n-cn-°m-\n-S-bn-√. B blqZn-I-sf√mw Xs∂ tbm\ A¤p-X-I-c-am-

tbm AX√ a‰p hnt[-\tbm aq∂v cmhpw aq∂p ]Iepw a’y-Øns‚

hb-‰n¬ Ign™p F∂mWv hniz-kn-®-Xv. Cu aq∂v cmhn\pw aq∂v

]I-en-\p-an-S-bn¬ Hcp \nanjw t]mepw At±lw acn-®n-cp-∂n-√. Xo¿®-

bmbpw Cu kw`h-Øn¬ Rßƒ°v Rß-fp-tS-Xmb ho£-W-ap-≠v.

tbm\m-bpsS kw`hw hnh-cn® Jp¿-B-\n¬ Fhn-sSbpw aq∂v Znh-khpw

aq∂v cmhpw tbm\ a’y-Øns‚ hb-‰n¬ ]co-£n-°-s∏´p F∂p ]d-

™n-´n√ F∂ Imcyw ]tXyIw Hm¿°-Ww. AXn-cn-°-s´, \ap°v

hnj-b-Øn-te°v Xncn-®p-h-cmw. tbm\m-bp-tSbpw tbiphns‚bpw Imcy-

Øn¬ s]mXp-hmbn kw`-hn-®Xpw tbip ]hNn-®-Xp-amb bYm¿∞-

Øn-ep≈ kmZr-iy-ßƒ F¥m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂Xnte°v shfn®w hoim≥

\ap°v ian-°mw. B kmZr-iy-ß-fn¬ hy‡-ambpw ]d-bp-∂Xv aq∂v

]Iepw aq∂v cmhpw ac-W-tØm-S-Sp-Øp≈ AXy¥w A]-I-S-I-c-amb

Ah-ÿ-bn¬ tbm\ Ign-™n-cp-∂p-sh∂pw B Bk∂ ac-Wm-h-

ÿsb A¤p-X-I-c -ambn AXn-Po -hn -°p-I-bp -amWv sNbvXXv

F∂pamWv. A√msX acn-®-Xn-\p-tijw Pohn®p F∂-√. CXv Xs∂-

Xs‚ Imcy-Ønepw kw`-hn-°p-sa-∂mWv tbip Ah-Im-i-s∏-´Xpw.

Iqio-I-cWw


Ckm-tb¬ Krl-tØm-Sp≈ tbip-hns‚ hmKvZm\w

c≠m-asØ G‰hpw ][m-\-amb sXfnhv PqZn-b°v Np‰pw Xma-

kn-°p∂ BSp-IfpsS (C-k-tb¬ tKmX-ßƒ) ASp-tØ°v amX-

a√ Xm≥ Ab-°-s∏-´-sX∂pw AtX tKmX-Øn¬s∏´ a‰p BSp-I-fp-

s≠∂pw tbip Xs‚ P\-X-tbmSp ]d-™n-cp-∂p. Xs‚ P\-X-bn-te°p

h∂-Xp-t]mse Xs∂ Xm≥ Ah-cpsS hos≠-Sp-∏n\pth≠n Ah-cpsS

ASp-°¬ t]mtI-≠-Xm-sW∂pw tbip Xs‚ P\-X-tbmSp ]d-bp-I-

bp-≠m-bn.

""Cu sXmgp-Øn¬s∏SmØ thsdbpw BSpIƒ F\n-°p-≠v.

Ah-tbbpw Rm≥ \S-tØ-≠-Xm-Ip-∂p. Ah Fs‚ i_vZw tIƒ°pw

Hcm-´n≥°q-´hpw Hcn-S-b-\p-amIpw'' (tbm-l-∂m≥ 10:16).

s]mXp-hmb Adn-h-\p-k-cn®v tbip At±-l-Øns‚ hmKvZm\w

\¬Inb kµ¿`-Øn\pw Iqio-I-c-W-Øn-∂p-an-S-°p≈ ka-bØv

PqZnb hn´v F-tßm´pw t]mbn-´n-√. tNmZy-an-Xm-Wv. tbip imiz-X-ambn

BIm-i-Øn-te°v Btcm-lWw sNbvXp-sh-¶n¬ ImWm-sX-t]mb

Ck-tb¬ tKmX-Ønse BSp-Ifpw AXn\p aptº-Xs∂ BIm-i-

Øn-te°v t]mbn-´p-≠m-th-≠-Xt√?... InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-

∂Xp t]mse tbip-hns\ Ipcn-in¬ \n∂pw acn® \ne-bn¬ FSp-°-

s∏-´-Xn-\p-tijw aq∂v Znhkw Ign™v At±-l-Øns‚ Bflmhv arX-

tZ-l-Øn¬ aS-ßn-sb-Øp-∂p. AXn-\p-tijw At±lw taL-Øn-eqsS

taevt]m-t´°v Ib-dn-t∏m-Ip-Ibpw BIm-i-Ønse A⁄mX hni-a-

tI-µ-Øn-te°v A]-Xy-£-\m-Ip-∂-Xp-amWv I≠Xv. AhnsS Ah-

km-\-ambn Xs‚ ]nXm-hns‚ knwlm-k-\-Øn\p heXv hiØv

shdpsX imiz-X-ambn IpØn-bn-cn-°m≥ th≠n amXw! CXv kXy-am-

sW-¶n¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw \mw Kpcp-X-c-amb Hcp ]iv\w t\cn-tS-≠-Xmbn

hcpw. AXm-bXv \mw c≠v ÿm\-ß-fn-sem∂v Xnc-s™-Sp-t°-≠-Xmbn

hcpw. H∂v tbip kzbw Xnc-s™-SpØ ÿm\w. as‰m∂v Xs‚ A\p-

bm-bn-Iƒ Xnc-s™-SpØ ÿm\w. Cu c≠v ÿm\-ßfpw ]c-kv]cw

bmsXmcp s]mcp-Øhp-an-√m-Ø-XmWv. AXm-bXv Hcp ÿm\w kzoI-

cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ at‰ ÿm\w \ncm-I-cn-t°≠n hcpw. \mw hniz-

kn-°p-∂Xv ]Imcw tbip kXy-k-‘-\m-bn-cp-s∂-¶n¬ BIm-i-Øn-

te°v Ib-dn-t∏m-Ip-∂-Xn\p apºv At±lw Xs‚ hmKvZm\w Hm¿t°-

≠-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ]nXm-hmb ssZh-tØmSv `qan-bn¬ X\n°v Ipd-®p-IqSn

kabw A\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa∂v Bh-iy-s∏-Sm-am-bn-cp∂p. Aß-s\-bm-bn-

cp-s∂-¶n¬ tbip P\n-°p-∂-Xn\v apºv Xs∂ hnZq-c-tZ-i-ß-fn¬ ]hm-

kn-I-fmbn t]mhp-Ibpw AhnsS IpSn-tbdn ]m¿°p-Ibpw sNbvX Ck-

Iqio-I-cWw


tb¬ tKmX-ß-fpsS ASp-tØ°v At±lw ]d-™Xv ]Imcw

t]mIm\pw Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ hmKvZm-\hpw hniz-kvX-

Xbpw XI¿°p-Ibpw At±-l-Øns‚ ]q¿Æ ssZh-Xz-Ønepw ]q¿Æ

Bf-Xz-Ønepw A]-cn-lm-cy-amb sshIr-X-ßƒ Gev]n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp-sIm-≠-√msX tbip-hn\v BIm-i-tØ°v Ib-dn-t∏m-Im≥

km[y-a-√. tbip Ckvdm-tb¬ Krl-Øn\p \¬Inb hmKvZm\w

At±lw hnkva-cn-®p-sh∂pw InkvXy≥ ssZh-im-kvXn-am¿ ]d-bp-∂Xv

t]mse At±lw t\sc IpØs\ BIm-i-tØ°v Ib-dn-t∏mbn

F∂pw hniz-kn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ hfsc ZpxJ-lr-Z-b-tØmsS

InkvXy≥ ssZh-im-kvXn-am¿ ]d-™Xv icn-bm-sW-∂pw, Atlm

IjvSw, InkvXp-aXw If-hm-sW-∂p-ap≈ \nK-a-\-Øn¬ \ap°v FØn-

t®-tc≠n hcpw. ImcWw InkvXp If-hmWv ]d-™-sX-¶n¬ InkvXp-

aXw icn-bm-bn-cn-°n-√-t√m. Rßƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv tbip Hcp kXy-

]-hm-N-I-\mWv F∂mWv. At±lw Hcn-°epw Hcp hymP hmKvZm\w

\¬In-√. ImWmsX t]mb ]Øp tKmX-ßƒ F∂v At±lw ]d-

™-Xv, Ckm-tb¬ Krl-Ønse ]Øp tKmX-ßsf∏‰n-bm-Wv. Ah¿

PqZn-bm-bn¬ \n∂v ]em-b\w sNøp-Ibpw hnZq-c-ß-fmb Ing-°≥ tZi-

ß-fn¬ ]m¿∏p-d-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p.-Xm≥ Ipcn-in¬ sh®v sIm√-

s∏-Sp-I-bn-s√∂pw Xs‚ ZuXy-]q¿Øo-I-c-W-Øn-∂mbn Zo¿Lm-bp v

\¬I-s∏-Sp-sa-∂p-am-bn-cp∂p At±lw \¬Inb hmKvZm-\Ønse

ktµiw. X\n°p Np‰pw Xma-kn-®n-cp∂ c≠v Ckm-tb¬ tKmX-

ßƒ°v amX-am-bn-cp-∂n-√ At±lw ]hm-N-I-\mbn h∂-Xv. apgp-h≥

Ck-tb¬ tKmX-ßƒ°pw At±-l-Øns‚ ]hm-N-IXz ZuXy-ap-≠m-

bn-cp-∂p. ta¬ ]kvXm-hn® Cu c≠p hkvXp-X-Iƒ IqSn Iqio-I-c-

W-Øn\v tijw tbip-hn\v F¥p-kw-`-hn®p F∂-Xn-te°v kp\n-iv-

Nn-X-amb sXfn-hp-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂p.

Ipcn-ip-kw`hw

][m-\-s∏´ as‰mcp hkvXpX ]nem-tØm-kn-\m¬ \n›-bn-°-

s∏´ Iqio-I-cWw \S-t°≠ Xnø-Xnbpw ka-b-hp-ambn _‘-s∏-´-

Xm-Wv. Iqio-I-c-W-Øns‚ Xob-Xnbpw ka-bhpw \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xn\v

sXm´p-apºv t]mepw ]nem-tØm-kns‚ A¥n-a-Xo-cp-am-\sØ kzm[o-

\n°pw hn[w Nne Imcy-ßƒ \mw ss__n-fn¬ hmbn-°p-∂p. CXv

At±-l-Øns‚ Xocp-am-\-ßsf kzm[o-\n-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn Hcmƒ hniz-

kn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXn-e-¤p-X-s∏-Sm-\n-√. H∂m-a-Xmbn tbip-hn-s\-

Xnsc ]oem-tØmkv \S-∏m-°p∂ in£sb kw_-‘n®v At±-l-

Øns‚ `mcy°v ISpØ Akw-Xr-]vXn-bp-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xmbn \mw

ss__nƒ ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ hmbn-°p-∂p. tbip-hns‚ hnNm-c-W°v

Iqio-I-cWw


Iqio-I-cWw

Xte-Zn-hkw Ah¿ I≠ kz]v\Øns‚ kzm[o-\-am-bn-cp∂p Cu Akw-

Xr-]vXn°v Imc-Ww.* tbip \nc-]-cm-[n-bm-sW∂v hniz-kn-°-Ø-°-

hn-[-Øn¬ AXbpw i‡n-a-Ømb kzm[o\w Ah-cn¬ B kz]v\w

D≠m-°n-bn-cp-∂p. X¬ -e-ambn tImSXn \S-]-Sn-I-a-ßƒ°v wKw hcp-

Øn-bn-´m-bm¬ t]mepw Cu kz]v\-Ønse ktµiw Xs‚ `¿Øm-

hn\v FØn-t°-≠Xv Xs‚ I¿Ø-hy-am-sW∂p Ah¿°v tXm∂n.

Hcp-]t£, Xs‚ `mcy-bpsS i‡-amb ]Xn-tj[w sIm≠p IqSn-bm-

bn-cn°mw At±lw tbip-hns\ X≈n-∏-d-bp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw ssI IgpIn

c£-s∏-´-Xv.

"Bc-hmcw A[n-I-am-Ip-∂-X-√msX H∂pw km[n-°p-∂n√ F∂p

]nem-tØmkv I≠n´p sh≈w FSpØp ]pcp-jmcw Im¨sI ssI

Igp-In. Cu \oXn-ams‚ c‡-Øn¬ F\n°p Ip‰w C√; \nßƒ Xs∂

t\m°n-s°mƒhn≥ F∂p ]d™p' (aØm: 27:24).

Xo¿®-bmbpw tbip \nc-]-cm-[n-bm-sW∂pw A-t±-l-Øn\p ta¬

Xm≥ ]mkm-°nb Iqc-amb in£m-hn[n \n¿_-‘-Øn\p hg-ßn-bm-

sW-∂p-ap≈ ]nem-tØm-kns‚ Ip‰-k-ΩXw ta¬]-kvXm-h-\-bn¬

]Xn- -en-°p-∂p. i‡-cmb blqZ kap-Zmbw tbip-hn-s\-Xnsc KqVm-

tem-N\ \S-Øp-Ibpw At±-lsØ in£m-]m-X-am-°m≥ Xocp-am-\n-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂p F∂ Imcyw ss__nƒ ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬

\n∂pw XnI®pw hy‡-am-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v blq-Zn-I-fpsS BK-l-

Øn-s∂-Xn-cm-bp≈ ]nem-tØm-kns‚ GsXmcp Xocp-am-\hpw AhnsS

ISpØ Ia-k-am-[m-\-]iv\w D≠m-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. At±-lsØ \n -

lm-b-\m°nØo¿Ø \n¿_-‘n-Xm-hÿ CXm-bn-cp-∂p. ]nem-tØmkv

ssII-gp-Inb \S-]-Sn-bn¬ \n∂pw hy‡-am-Ip∂Xpw CXp Xs∂-bm-

Wv. tbip-hns\ c£n-°m≥ ]nem-tØmkv as‰mcp \o°w IqSn \S-

Øn-bn-cp-∂p. tcmjm-Ip-e-cmb P\-°q- -sØ-t\m°n ]nem-tØmkv c≠n-

sem∂v Xnc-s™-Sp-°m-\p≈ Hcp Ah-kcw Ah¿°v \¬In. AXm-

bXv tbip-hn-s\tbm AX√ Ip]-kn≤ Ip‰-hm-fn-bmb _d-∫m-kn-

s\tbm Bsc-bmWv tamNn-∏n-t°-≠-sX∂v At±lw P\°q-´-tØmSp

tNm-Zn-®p.(1) CXv ]nem-tØm-kns‚ B ka-bsØ am\-knI \ne-

bpsS Ah-ÿsb kw_-‘n®v kqN-\-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂p. tbip-hn\v

in£ \¬Ip∂ Imcy-Øn¬ At±lw XnI®pw FXn-cm-bn-cp-∂p F∂v

hy‡-amWv. Cu am\-kn-Im-h-ÿ-bn-emWv tbip-hns\ h[n-°m≥

sh≈n-bmgvN Znh-khpw D® Xncn-™p≈ ka-bhpw At±lw Xnc-

* "Ah≥ (]n-em-tØm-kv) \ymbm-k-\-Øn¬ Ccn-°p-tºmƒ Ahs‚ `mcy Bf-b-®p.

B \oXn-ams‚ Imcy-Øn¬ CS-s]-S-cpXv; Ah≥ \nanØw Rm≥ C∂p kz]v\-Øn¬

hfsc IjvSw kln®p F∂p ]d-bn®p' (a-Ømbn : 27:19)


s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. F¥m-bn-cp∂p hmkvX-h-Øn¬ kw`-hn-®Xv? sh≈n-

bm-gvN D®-Xn-cn™v i∫Øv Zn\w* Bcw-`n-°m≥ Gsd ka-b-an√

F∂pw At∏m-tg°pw tbiphns‚ icocw Ipcn-in¬ \n∂pw FSpØp

am‰p-sa∂pw \oXn-]m-e-I≥ F∂ \ne°v ]nem-tØm-kn-∂-dn-bm-am-bn-

cp-∂p. AkvX-ab-Øn-\p-ti-j-amWv i∫Øv Bcw- n-°p-∂-Xv. At±lw

CXv t_m[-]q¿∆w Xocp-am-\n-®-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. AXv Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ kw`-hn-®-Xpw. GI-tZiw aq∂v cmhpw aq∂p ]Iepw

Ipcniv ]oU-\-ta-‰-ti-jta in£°v ]mX-amb hy‡n acn-°m-dp-≈q.

F∂m¬ tbiphn\v ]c-am-h[n GXm\pw aWn-°q¿ amXta Ipcniv

]oU-\-ta¬t°≠n h∂n-´p-≈q. ITn-\-Po-hnXw sIm≠v _en-jvTamb

ico-c-ap≈ tbip-hn-s\-t∏mse Hcmsf sIm√m≥ CXv XnI-®pw A]-

cym-]vX-am-Wv.

Cu kw`hw tbm\m-bpsS kw`-h-Ønse \nKq-V-X-I-fn-te°v

hnc¬ Nq≠p-∂nt√? km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ Ipcniv ac-W-Øn\v hn[n-°-

s∏- -h¿ aq∂v ]Iepw cmXnbpw Ipcn-in-t∑¬ Xqßn-°n-S°pw. t\csØ

kqNn-∏n-®Xp t]mse CXv tbip-hpw tbm\mbpw XΩn-ep≈ kmZriyw

Hcm-fpsS a\ n-ep-b¿Øpw. tbm\ a’y-Øns‚ hb-‰n¬ aq∂v cmhpw

aq∂p ]Iepw Ign™p F∂v Icp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. 3 Znh-k-Øn\p ]Icw

ssZh-ln-X-Øm¬ aq∂v aWn-°q-dp-Iƒ°p≈n¬ tbm\mbpw a’y-

Øns‚ hb-‰n¬ \n∂pw tamNn-X-\m-bn-cn-°mw. tbip-hns‚ Pohn-X-

Øn¬ kw`-hn-°p-Ibpw Ac-tß-dp-Ibpw sNbvXXv tbm\m-bpsS Zpc-

¥-\m-S-I-Øns‚ kw`-h-Ønse [¿∏-W-]-Xn-^-e-\-am-bn-cp-∂p.

\ap°v Iqio-I-cW thf-bnse kw`-h-ß-fn-te°v Xs∂ Xncn-

bmw. Ah-km\ \nanjw hsc tbip Xs‚ ]Xn-tj-[-hp-ambn i‡-

ambn \ne-sIm-≠p. "Gen, Gen eam-i-_-Iv-Xm\n' \nXm-¥-Zpx-J-Øn-

s‚bpw \ncm-i-bp-tSbpw Fs¥mcp thZ-\m-P-\-I-amb ]I-S\w! ]nXm-

hmb ssZhw X\n°v CXn-\p-apºv \¬Inb hmKvZm-\-ßfpw Dd-∏p-Ifpw

]men-t°-≠-Xns\∏‰n FX kq£va-am-bn-´mWv At±lw ChnsS

DW¿Øp-∂-Xv. Cu D¬°-WvTm-Ip-e-amb hnem-]-Øn¬ \n∂pw as‰-

¥mWv \ap°v hmbn-s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-bpI? P\-ß-fpsS ]m]-`mcw

(1) "F∂m¬ D’-h-k-a-bØp ]pcp-jmcw C—n-°p∂ Hcp XS-hp-Im-cs\ \mSp-

hmgn hn -b-°pI ]Xn-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A∂p _d-∫mkv F∂v ipXn-s∏´ Hcp XS-hp-Im-

c≥ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿ IqSn h∂-t∏mƒ ]nem-tØmkv Ah-tcmSp tNmZn®p: \nßƒ°v

th≠n Bsc Rm≥ tamNn-∏n-°Ww F∂mWv \nßƒ BK-ln-°p-∂Xv? _d-∫m-kn-

t\tbm InkvXp F∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ tbip-hn-t\tbm' (aØm: 27:15-˛17)

* i∫Øv Zn\w: sh≈n-bmgvN k‘y-ap-X¬ Bcw-`n®v i\n-bmgvN k‘y

hsc \o≠p-\n¬°p∂ blq-Z-∑m-cpsS hnip≤ Zn\w. (hnh:)

Iqio-I-cWw


kz¥w CjvS-]-Im-cw hln-°m-\p≈ At±-l-Øns‚ BK-l-Øn-

s‚bpw C—-bp-tSbpw \ntj-[-amWv "ssZhta \o Fs∂ ssIhn-´-

sX¥v' F∂ hN-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw hy‡-am-Ip-∂-Xv. Bk∂-a-c-Wm-h-

ÿ-bn¬ At±lw Nn¥n-®Xv AXm-bn-cp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ Bh-iy-

]-Im-c-amWv in£-sb-¶n¬ ]ns∂-sb-¥n\v AKm-[-Zpx-J-Øn-t‚-Xmb

Cu hnem]w? F¥n\v ]ns∂ At±lw ]nXm-hmb ssZhsØ Ip‰-

s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw Xs‚ tamN-\-Øn-\mbn A¿∞\ \S-Øp-Ibpw

sNbvXp? tbip-hns‚ Cu ]kvXm-h-\-I-sf√mw AXn\p apºv kw`-

hn® Imcy-ß-fpsS ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ hmbn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. B ka-b-

Øp-S-\ofw Ibvt]-dnb Cu ]m\-]mXw X∂n¬ \ns∂-Sp-Øp-am-t‰-

Wta F∂-t±lw ]m¿∞n-°p-Ibmbn-cp-∂p.

Rßƒ AlvaZn-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv kmXzn-I\pw hnip-≤-\p-

amb tbip-hn-s\ -t]msesbmcm-fpsS ]m¿∞\ ssZh-Øn\v kzoI-cn-

°m-Xn-cn-°m≥ km[y-a-√m-bn-cp∂p F∂m-Wv. ]m¿∞\ kzoI-cn-°-

s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p F∂v ssZhw Xo¿®-bmbpw At±-lsØ Adn-bn-®n-´p-

≠m-bn-cn-°pw. At±lw Ipcn-in¬ sh®v acn-®n-´p-s≠∂v Rm≥ hniz-

kn-°p-∂n-√. Fs∂ kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw bmsXm∂pw Xs∂ sshcp-

≤y-am-bn-´n√. F√mw ]c-kv]-c-]q-c-I-ß-fm-Wv. tbip acn-®-Xmbn ImW-

s∏-´Xv sshZy-imkvX sshZ-Kv[y-sam∂pan√mØ Hcp km[m-c-W-°m-

cs‚ \nco-£Ww amX-am-Wv. tbip-hns‚ ico-csØ sshZy-im-kvX-

]-c-ambn ]cn-tim-[\ \S-Øm-\p≈ bmsXm-c-h-k-chpw Abmƒ°v e`n-

®n-cn-°n-√. Xs‚ ]nb-s∏´ Kpcp-hn\v acWw kw`-hn-°p-sa∂ Bi-¶-

bm¬ DXvI-WvTm-Ip-e-\mbn B cwKw t\m°n∏m¿Øp-sIm-≠n-cp∂

Hcp injy≥ Kpcp-hns‚ Xf¿∂ inc v XmSn-bpsS ]m¿izw tN¿∂v

s\©n-te°v hoW-t∏mƒ \ne-hn-fn®p; "Hm! At±lw Poh≥ shSn-

™p.' t\csØ hy‡am-°n-b-Xp-t]mse ]mam-Wn-I-amb ho£-W-

tIm-Wn¬IqSn ss__n-fns‚ B[n-Im-cn-IX N¿® sNøp-Itbm As√-

¶n¬ AXnse GsX-¶n-ep-samcp hymJym-\sØ∏‰n X¿°-ap-∂-bn-°p-

Itbm sNøp∂ Hcp ]_-‘-a√ CXv. InkvXob aX-X-Øz-im-kvX-

tØbpw Ah-cpsS aX-kn-≤m-¥-ß-tfbpw bp‡nbpw kmam-\y--⁄m-

\hpw D]-tbm-Kn®v hna¿i-\m-fl-I-ambn hne-bn-cp-Øp-I-bmWv ChnsS

sNøp-∂-Xv.

tbip Ipcn-in¬ sh®p t_m[-c-ln-X-\m-hp-Itbm AX√ acn-°p-

Itbm sNbvXp-sh∂v sXfn-bn-®p-sh-∂m-sW-¶n¬ Xs∂ Ipcn-in¬ kw -

hn® ImcysØ kw_-‘n®v At±lw ]I-Sn-∏n® thZ\ Ie¿∂

A¤pXw At±lw ]Xo-£n-°m-Ø-XmWv kw -hn-®-sX∂v hy‡-ambn

sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. tbip ac-WamWv ]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ At±-l-

Iqio-I-cWw


Øns‚ A¤pX ]I-S-\-Øn\v bmsXmcp \ymbo-I-c-W-hp-an-√. AlvaZn

apkvenwIƒ F∂ \ne°v Rß-fpsS hymJym\w Cß-s\-bm-Wv.

tbip Xte∂v cmXn ssZh-tØmSp \S-Ønb A`-b-bm-N-\-I-fpsS

kµ¿`-Øn¬ At±lw Ipcn-in¬ \n∂pw hntam-Nn-X-\m-hp-sa∂

hmKvZm\w ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂v e`n-®n-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv At±lw

hymIpe\mb-Xv. ]t£ ssZh-Øn\v a‰p Nne ]≤-Xn-Iƒ IqSn-bp-≠m-

bn-cp-∂p. ssZhw tbip-hns\ t_m[-c-ln-X-\m-°n-bXv Imh¬ \n∂

`S-∑m¿ At±-lw acn-®-Xmbn sX‰n-≤-cn-°m\pw AXv ]Imcw tbip-

hns‚ icocw _‘p-°ƒ°v \¬Im-\p≈ Dt±-i-tØmsS tPmk^v

AcnaXy°mc\v ssIam-dm\pw th≠n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tbip-hns‚ Ah-

km\ hN-\-Øn¬ \mw i≤n® A¤pXw ]nemtØmkpw ]¶n-Sp-∂p.

tbip acn®p F∂ hnhcw ]nem-tØm-kns\ Adn-bn-®t∏mƒ "Ah≥

acn-®pthm!' F∂v At±lw kzbw A¤pXw Iqdp-I-bp-≠m-bn.* PqZn-

bm-bnse Kh¿W¿ F∂ \ne-°v kpZo¿L-amb `c-W-Im-e-b-f-hn¬

At\Iw t]sc Ipcniv ac-W-Øn\v hn-t[-b-am-°n-b-Xns‚ ]cnN-bhpw

A\p-`hhpw At±-l-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-cn-°p-a-t√m. GXm\pw aWn-°q-dp-I-

fnse Ipcniv ]oU\w sIm≠p-amXw Iqin-X-\mb Hcmƒ acn-°pI

F∂Xv Akm-[m-c-W-amWv F∂ hkvXpX At±-l-Øn\v hfsc hy‡-

ambn Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠m-bn-cn-°Ww tbip acn®p F∂-

dn-™-t∏mƒ At±lw B›cyw ]I-Sn-∏n-®-Xv. F∂n-´p-t]mepw \nKq-

Vm-fl-I-amb Cu kml-N-cy -Øn¬ icocw hn´p -X-c -W-sa∂

A`y¿∞\ (tb-ip-hns‚ injy-\mb Acn-a-Xy-°m-c≥ tPmk-^ns‚

A`y¿∞-\) At±lw kzoI-cn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv

At±-l-Øn\v Cu KqVm-tem-N-\-bn¬ ]¶p-s≠∂ Btcm-]Ww F°m-

eØpw Db-cp-∂-Xv.

]nem-tØmkv Xs‚ `mcy-bpsS kzm[o-\-Øn-∂-Sn-a-s∏-´p-sIm≠v

i∫Øv Zn\-tØm-S-SpØ \mgn-I-bn-emWv tbip-hns\ Ipcn-in-°m-\p≈

kabw \n›-bn-®-sX∂ Btcm-]-W-ap-≠v. c≠m-a-Xmbn tbip-hns‚

ac-W-kw-_-‘ambn kwi-b-I-c-amb dnt∏m¿´p-I-fp-≠m-bn-cnt° Xs∂

At±lw icocw hn´p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ Xøm-dm-bn. ]nem-tØm-kns‚ Cu

Xocp-am\w blq-Zn-I-fn¬ ISpØ Bi¶ Df-hm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿

tbip-hns‚ ac-WsØ kw_-‘n®v kwi-b-ßfpw ktµ-l-ßfpw ]I-

Sn-∏n-°p-Ibpw ]nem-tØm-kn-t\mSp Bh-emXn t_m[n-∏n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXn-cp-∂p.*

* Ah≥ acn-®p-I-gn-™pthm F∂v ]nem-tØmkv B›-cy-s∏-´p. iXm-[n-]s\ hnfn®p:

Ah≥ acn-®n´p H´p-t\-c-amtbm F∂ iXm-[n-]-t\mSp hkvXpX tNmZn-®-dn™ DS≥

tbmtk-^n\p ssIamdn (am¿t°mkv 15:44).

Iqio-I-cWw


Iqio-I-cWw

tbip-hns\ Ipcn-in¬ \n∂v FSp-Ø-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚ Imep-

Iƒ HSn-®n-cp-∂n√ F∂pw \mw ss__n-fn¬ \n∂pw hmbn-°p-∂p.

AtX-k-abw tbip-hn-t\m-sSm∏w Ipcn-in-te-‰n-bn-cp∂ c≠v I≈-∑m-

cpsS Imsem-Sn-®p-sIm≠v Ah-cpsS acWw Dd∏v hcp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p-

Xm\pw.**

tbip-hns\ Imsem-Sn-°msX Hgn-hm-°n-bXv At±-l-Øns‚

t_m[-c-ln-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂pw DW-cp-hm≥ Xo¿®-bmbpw klm-bn-

®n- p-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. ]nem-tØm-kns‚ ZqX-∑m¿ aptJ\ Imh¬°m-tcmSv

tbip-hns‚ Im¬ HSn-°-cp-sX∂ Iev]\ sImSp-Øn-´p-≠m-Ip-sa∂

hkvXp-Xbpw \ntj-[n-°m≥ km[y-a-√. At±-l-tØmSpw \nc-]-cm-[n-

I-fmb InkvXob kaq-l-tØmSpap≠m-bn-cp∂ BZcw ImcWw ]nem-

tØmkv Aßs\ sNbvXn-cn-°m\pw km[y-X-bp-≠v.

tbip-hns‚ hnem-]p-dØv Ip¥w sIm≠v IpØn-b-t∏mƒ

sh≈hpw c‡hpw Xpfn®p h∂p F∂pw \mw ho≠pw ss__n-fn¬

hmbn-°p-∂p.

""Ah¿ tbip-hns‚ ASp-°¬ sN∂p. Ah≥ acn-®p-t]mbn F∂p

I≠-Xn-\m¬ Ahs‚ Im¬ HSn-®n√. F¶nepw, ]S-bm-fn-I-fn¬ Hcp-

Ø≥ Ip¥w sIm≠v Ahs‚ hnem-]p-dØv IpØn. DSs\ c‡hpw

sh≈hpw Xpfn-®p-h∂p! (tbml:19: 33, 34)

tbip acn®v At±-l-Øns‚ lrZ-b-kv]-µ\w \ne-®n-cp∂p-sh-¶n¬

AØ-c-Øn¬ c‡-Øns‚ i‡-amb ]hmlw Akm-[y-am-bn-cp-t∂-

s\. Gdn-bm¬ I´ ]nSn® c‡hpw \ocpw aµ-K-Xn-bn¬ ]pd-tØ°v

Hen-®n-d-ßpIbm-bn-cn°pw sNøp-I. ]t£ ss__nƒ ]pXnb \nbaw

\¬Ip∂ NnX-a-X-√. AXv ]d-bp-∂Xv c‡hpw sh≈hpw Xpfn-®p-

h∂p F∂m-Wv. sh≈w Xpfn-®p-h-∂-Xns\∏‰n ]d-bp-tºmƒ Iqin-X-

* "Hcp-°-\m-fns‚ ]ns‰ Znhkw alm-]p-tcm-ln-X-∑mcpw ]co-i-∑mcpw ]nem-tØm-kns‚ASp-°¬ sN∂p-IqSn; bP-am-\-t\, B NXn-b≥ Poh-t\m-sS-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ: aq∂p-\mƒIgn™p Xm≥ Dbn¿-sØ-gp-t∂¬°p-sa∂v ]d-™-]-Imcw Rßƒ°v Hm¿Ω-h-∂p. AXp-sIm≠p Ahs‚ injy-∑m¿ sN∂p Ahs\ tamjvSn-®n-´p, Ah≥ acn-®-h-cpsS CS-bn¬ \n∂p Dbn¿sØ-gp--t∂‰p F∂p P\-tØmSp ]d-bp-Ibpw HSp-hn-esØ NXnhpapºn-e-tØ-Xnepw hnj-a-ambn Xocm-Xn-cn-t°-≠-Xn\p aq∂mw \mƒ hsc I√d Dd-∏m-°p-hm≥ Iev]n° F∂p ]d-™p. (a-Ømbn: 27: 62-˛65).

** A∂p Hcp-°-\mfpw B i∫Øv \mƒ hen-bXpw BI-sIm≠v ico-c-ßƒ i∫-Øn¬ Iqin-t∑¬ Ccn-°-cpXv F∂p-sh®v Ah-cpsS Im¬ HSn®p FSp-∏n-t°Ww F∂pblq-Z-∑m¿ ]nem-tØm-kn-t\mSp At]-£n-®p. BI-bm¬ ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ h∂v H∂m-a-Ø-h-t‚bpw Ah-t\mSp IqsS Iqin-°-s∏´ a‰-h-t‚bpw Im¬ HSn-®p. (tbm-l:19:31-˛32).


\mb \ne-bn¬ A\p-`-hn® G‰hpw Xo£vW-amb B in£-bpsS

ka-bØv At±-l-Øn\v izmk-tIm-i-ho-° (pleurisy) -_m-[-bp-≠mbn

F∂v ]d-™m¬ A-Xn¬ A¤p-X-s∏-tS-≠-Xn-√. imco-cn-I-amb ISpØ

kΩ¿±m-hÿ izmk-tIm-im-h-c-W-Øn¬ (pleura) \o¿s°-´n\p Imc-

W-am-tb-°mw. Hc¿∞-Øn¬ A]-I-S-I-c-amb Cu Ahÿ tbip-

hn\v KpW-I-c-ambn hn-®-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ ]m¿i- mKw

Ip¥w sIm≠v IpØn-b-t∏mƒ hoßnb ]vfqd AYhm izmk-tIm-im-

h-cWw Hcp Ipj≥ t]mse s\©n-\-IsØ Ah-b-h-ßsf t\cn´v

£X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw c£-s∏´pØpI-bp-≠m-bn. i‡-ambn

kv]µn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ lrZ--b-ap-≈Xv Imc-W-amWv c‡w Ie¿∂

sh≈w tbip-hns‚ ico-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]pd-tØ°v IpXn®p NmSn-

bXv.

as‰mcp sXfnhv C]-Im-c-am-Wv. ss__nƒ hnh-c-W-]-Imcw

tbip-hns‚ icocw Acna-Xy-°m-c-\mb tPmk-^n\v ssIam-dn-b-t∏mƒ

DS≥ Xs∂ AXv kwkvI-cn-°m≥ th≠n Hcp cl-ky-ÿ-e-tØ°v

sIm≠p-t]m-bn-cp-∂p. AXv Hcp I√-d-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tbip-hns\ IqSmsX

a‰p c≠p-t]¿°v Ccn-°m\pw ipiqjn-°m\pw IqSn hen-∏-ap≈

hnkvXm-c-ta-dnb Hcp I√-d-bm-bn-cp∂p AXv.

""F∂m¬ adnb I√-d-°¬ ]pdØv Ic-™p-sIm≠p \n∂p. Ic-

bp-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ Ah¿ I√-d-bn¬ Ip\n™p t\m°n. tbip-hns‚

icocw InS-∂n-cp∂ CSØp sh≈ hkvXw [cn®v c≠v ZqX-∑m¿ Hcp-

Ø≥ Xe-°epw Hcp-Ø≥ Im¬°epw Ccn-°p-∂Xv I≠p.'' (tbml

20:10)

ss__nƒ ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ \n∂pw C°mcyw amX-a√ tbip-

hns‚ apdn-hp-I-fn¬ ]pc-´m≥ Hcp te]\ Huj[w AhnsS ap≥Iq´n

Xøm¿ sNø-s∏- n-cp-∂-Xmbpw \mw Adn-bp-∂p.* hW-ßƒ DW-°m\pw

thZ\ ian-∏n-°m\pw D≈ Huj-[-Iq-´p-I-fp≈ Cu te]-\u-j[w

tbip-hns‚ injy-∑m-cmWv Xø-dm-°n-b-Xv. ]¥-t≠mfw Huj-[°q-

´p-I-fp≈ Cu te]\w Xøm-dm-°m≥ Ah¿ CX-amXw ]mSp-s]-´-sX-

¥n-\m-bn-cp-∂p.? C_v\p-ko-\-bpsS* hniz-]-kn-≤-amb "A¬Jm-\q≥'

F∂ sshZy-im-kvXKŸØnepw a‰p \nc-h[n ¢mknIv sshZy-im-

kvX-K-Ÿ-ß-fnepw Cu Huj-[®m¿Øns\ ]ddn ]Xn-]m-Z-\-ap-≠v.

(A-Øcw KŸ-ß-fpsS A\p-_‘w A\yX tN¿Øn-´p-≠v). Hcp

* BZyw cmXn-bn¬ Ahs‚ ASp-°¬ h∂ \ns°mtZsamkpw GI-tZiw \qdpdm-

Ø¬ aqdpw AInepw sIm≠p≈ Hcp Iq´p-sIm-≠p-h-∂p. (tbml: 19:39, 40).

Iqio-I-cWw


Iqio-I-cWw

arX-i-co-c-Øn\v Huj-[-te-]\w ]pc-t´≠ Bhiyw F¥p≠v? tbip

acn-°msX Poh-t\msS Xs∂ Ipcn-in¬ \n∂pw tamNn-X-\m-hp-sa∂v

injy-∑m¿ hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂n-cn-°-Ww, F¶n¬ amXta Ah-cpsS Cu

]hrØn km¿∞-I-am-Ip-I-bp-≈q. te]-\u-j[w D≠m-°n-b-Xn\pw

tbip-hns‚ ico-c-Øn¬ te]\w ]pc-ń-b-Xn\pw Hcp hni-Zo-I-cWw

\¬Im≥ ]Wn-s∏-´Xv tbml-∂m≥ amX-am-Wv. arX-i-co-c-Øn-t∑¬

Huj-[-te-]\w ]pc-´pI F∂Xv XnI®pw Akm-[m-c-W-amb Hcp

]hrØn-bm-Wv. tbip acn®p F∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿°v CXv hni-Zo-

I-cn-°m≥ ]bm-k-am-Wv. CXp-sIm-≠mWv kphn-ti-j-Im-c-\mb

tbmlm-∂≥ CXn\v hni-Zo-I-cWw \¬tI-≠nh-∂-Xv. arX-tZ-l-Øn¬

kpK-‘-ssX-e-tam, te]-\tam ]pc-´pI F∂Xv Hcp blq-Z-k-º-

ZmbamsW∂pw AXp-sIm-≠mWv A]-Imcw sNøm≥ Imc-W-sa-∂p-

ap≈ A`n-]m-b-amWv tbml-∂m≥ ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. B[p-\nI Kth-

j-I-∑m¿ CXv kw-_-‘n®v IqSp-X¬ ]T-\-ßƒ \S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ

tbmlm-∂m≥ PqX-hw-i-P-\m-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂ A`n-]m-b-Øn-emWv

FØn-t®¿∂-Xv. tbmlm-∂ms‚ blq-Z-k-º-Zm-bsØ∏‰n-bp≈

A⁄-X-bm¿∂ Cu ]kvXm-h\ CXv sXfn-bn-°p-∂p. blq-Z-tcm,

Ckm-tb¬ tKmX-Ønse GsX-¶n-ep-samcp hn`m-Ktam Hcn-°epw

Xs∂ bmsXmcp Xc-Øn-ep≈ te]-\-ßfpw arX-tZ-l-Øn¬ ]qin-bn-

cp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ tbml-∂m≥ blq-Z-hw-i-P-

\√ F∂ A`n-]m-b-Øn-seØnt®-¿∂Xv. blq-Z-\m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬

blq-Zm-Nm-csØ kw_-‘n®v CX-amXw A⁄X At±lw ]I-Sn-

∏n-°p-am-bn-cp-∂n√..

ac-W-tØmSSpØp ISpØ t_m[-iq-\ym-h-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂pw tbip-

hns\ c£-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-bn-cp∂p te]-\u-j[w ]pc- n-b-Xv. CXp kw_-

‘n®v kXy-k-‘-amb Htc-sbmcp hni-Zo-I-cWw CXv amX-am-Wv. AXm-

bXv tbip Ipcn-in¬ sh®p acn-°p-sa∂v At±-l-Øns‚ injy-∑m¿

Hcn-°epw ]Xo-£n-®n-ń√, bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Ipcn-in¬ sh®v At±lw

acn-®n-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Ipcn-in¬ \n∂pw FSp-°-s∏´ ico-c-Øn\v

te]\w ]pc-´p-∂-Xn\p apºv Pohs‚ e£-W-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-cn°-Ww.

* C_v\p-ko\ (980-˛1037): Ahn-sk∂ F∂ t]cn¬ bqtdm-∏n¬ Adn-b-s∏-Sp∂ hniz-]-kn-≤-\m-b -ssh-Zy-im-kvX-]-Xn`. Xp¿°n-ÿm-\nse _pJm-d°v kao-]-ap≈ A^vjm-\-bn¬ P\n-®p. XØz-Nn¥, tKmf-im-kvXw, KWn-Xw, Du¿÷-X¥wF∂o hn⁄m\ imJ-Ifnse√mw B[nIm-cnI KŸ-ßƒ cNn-®n-´p-≠v. "A¬Jm-\q\p ^n Øn∫' F∂ sshZy-imkvX KŸw C_v\pko\sb temI-]-i-kvX-\m-°n. sshZy-imkvXØnse Ah-km\ hm°v F∂v Icp-X-s∏-ń-cp∂ Cu KŸw 18mw\q‰m-≠p-hsc bqtdm-∏nse k¿∆-I-em-im-e-I-fn¬ ]mT-]p-kvX-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]Xn-s\´mwhb- n¬ sIm-´m-c-ssh-Zy-\m-bn-Øo¿∂ C_v\p-ko\ 10mw hb- n¬ Jp¿-B≥ a\-x∏m-T-am-°nb aX-]-fin-X≥ IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. (hnh:)


A√m-Ø-]£w B ]hrØn Atß-b‰w hnUvVn-Øhpw \oXn-I-cW-

an-√m-ØXpw \njv]-tbm-P-\-I-c-hp-ambnØocp-∂p. tbip Ipcn-in¬ acn-

°n-s√∂pw F∂m¬ Kpcp-X-c-ambn ]cn-t°‰ \ne-bn¬ Ipcn-in¬ \n∂v

FSp-°-s∏-Sp-sa-∂p-ap≈ i‡-amb kqN\ e`n-s®-¶n-e-√msX hocy-h-

Ømb ia-\-Im-cn-I-fp-]tbm-Kn®v CØ-c-Øn¬ Hcp Huj-[-°q´v Xøm-

dm-°≥ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw km[y-X-bn-√.

as‰mcp Imcyw a\- n¬ kq£n-t°-≠Xv I√-d-bp≈ ÿew

tbip-hns‚ injy-∑m-cn¬ Ipd®v t]¿°v amXw Adn-bm-hp∂ Hcp

cl-ky-k-t¶-X-am-bn-cp-∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. AhnsS kpc-£n-X-amb Imh-

ep-≠m-bn-cp∂p. tbip-hn\v Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ Poh-\p-≠m-bn-cp-s∂∂pw

A]-I-S-\ne XcWw sNømØ Ah-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw hy‡-

ambpw CXn¬ \n∂pw a\- n-em-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

I√-d-bn¬ kw`-hn-®-sX-¥mWv? Cu hnjbw ]e-hn-[-Ønepw

N¿® sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. I√-d-bn¬ \n∂pw \S-∂pt]mb a\p-jy≥

bYm¿∞-Øn¬ AXn-\p-apºv Ipcn-in¬ sh®v acn-®n-cp-∂psh∂pw -A-

Xn-\p-tijw I√-d-bn¬ sh®v Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰-Xm-sW-∂p-ap≈

InkvXob hmZw hna¿i-\m-fl-I-ambn ]cn-tim-[\bv°v hnt[-b-am-

°mt\m sXfn-bn-°mt\m Hcn-°epw km[y-a√. InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS

hnizm-k-Øn¬ Xs∂ \ap-°p-th≠ Htc-sbmcp sXfn-hp-≠v. AXm-

bXv I√-d-bn¬ \n∂p \S-∂p-t]mb tbip-hns‚ icocw aq∂v Znhkw

apºv Iqio-I-c-W-Øn\v hnt[-b-amb AtX icocw- Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p

F∂-XmWv B sXfnhv. B ico-c-Øn¬ Iqio-I-cWthf-bnse apdn-

hp-Ifpw AS-bm-f-ß-fp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AtX ico-c-hp-ambn At±lw

\S-∂p-t]m-Ip-∂Xv I≠p-sh-¶n¬ \ap°v FØn-t®-cm-hp∂ Htc-sbmcp

\nK-a\w At±lw Ipcn-in¬ acn-®n-cp-∂n√ F∂m-Wv.

tbip-hns‚ PohnXw ]g-b-Xns‚ XpS¿® Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v

sXfn-bn-°p∂ as‰mcp sXfnhv C]-Im-c-am-Wv. Ipcniv kw`-h-Øn-\p-

tijw aq∂v cmhpw aq∂v ]Iepw At±-lsØ injy-∑m-c-√msX s]mXp-

P-\-ß-fmcpw I≠n-´n-√. as‰m-c¿∞-Øn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ hniz-kvX-

cm-b-h¿ amXta I≠n-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. ]I¬t\cw At±lw k©-

cn-®n-cp-∂n-√. Ccp-fns‚ ad-hp-I-fn¬ sh®m-bn-cp∂p IqSn-t®-c-ep-Iƒ \S-

Øn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. A]-ISw ]Xn-bn-cp∂ ÿe-ß-fn¬ \ns∂√mw At±lw

cl-ky-Ønepw s]s´∂pw Hgn-™p-am-dp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-sX∂v

ss__nƒ hnh-c-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw \ap°v \ncq-]n-s®-Sp-°mw. tNmZy-

an-XmWv: tbip-hns‚ BZysØ ac-W-Øn\v tijw c≠m-a-sXmcp

acWw A\p-`-hn-t°-≠-Xn-√mØ hn[w ]pXn-bXpw A\iz-c-hp-amb

Hcp Pohn-X-amWv At±-l-Øn\v \¬I-s∏-´-sX-¶n¬ F¥p-sIm≠v

Iqio-I-cWw


Iqio-I-cWw

tbip `c-WIq-S-Ønepw s]mXp-P-\-ß-fnepw s]´ iXp-°-fpsS

IÆn¬s∏-SmsX Hfn™p \S∂p? At±lw blq-Zn-Iƒ°pw tdma≥

kmam-Py-Øns‚ ]Xn-\n-[n-Iƒ°pw apºn¬ ]Xy-£-s∏-´p-sIm≠v

"CXm Rm≥ ChnsS A\-iz-c-Po-hn-X-hp-ambn \n¬°p-∂p. Ign-bp-sa-

¶n¬ \nßƒ Fs∂ ho≠pw sIm√m≥ ian-°p-I. \nßƒ°-Xn\v

Hcn-°epw km[y-a-√' F∂v ]d-bp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p th≠-Xv. ]t£

At±lw Hfn™p Xma-kn-°m-\mWv CjvS-s∏-´-Xv. s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ°v

ap∂n¬ ]Xy-£-s∏Sphm≥ Bcpw tbip-hn-t\mSp Bh-iy-s∏-ń-cp-∂n-

√. ]tXy-I-ambn temI-Øn\v kzbw shfn-s∏-Sm≥ \n¿t±in-°-s∏-´-

t∏mƒ Xs∂ At±lw AXv \nc-kn-°p-Ibpw PqZn-bm-bn¬ \n∂pw

AI∂v amdn-°-gn-bp-I-bp-am-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. AXv ImcWw B¿°pw At±-

lsØ ]n¥p-S-cm\m-bn√.

"bqZm (C-kvI-cn-bmØv A√) Ah-t\mSp tNmZn®p: "I¿Ømth

temI-Øn\p shfn-s∏-Sp-ØmsX Rßƒ°m-bn-´p \o kzbw shfn-s∏-

Sp-Øp-∂Xv F¥p-sIm≠v?' (tbml: 14:22)

"Ah¿ t]mhp∂ Kma-tØmSp ASp-Ø-t∏mƒ Ah¿ ap-t∂m´p

t]mIp∂ `mhw ImWn-®p. Ahtcm; Rß-tfmSp IqsS ]m¿°p-I:

t\cw sshIn AkvX-an-∏m-dm-bt√m F∂p ]d™p Ahs\ \n¿_-

‘n-®p. Ah≥ Ah-tcmSp IqsS ]m¿∏m≥ sN∂p.' (eq-t°mkv 24:28,29).

ac-WØn\pw ]cp°p-Iƒ°pw hnt[-b-\m-Ip∂ Hcp \iz-c-a-\p-

jys‚ NnX-amWv ChnsS hc-®p-Im-ń-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. tbip X∂n-ep≈

a\p-jymw-i-Øn¬ \n∂pw tamNn-X-\mbn F∂ A¿∞-Øn¬ acWw

hcn-®n-ń√ F∂mWv CXv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ At±lw GsXm-

c-h-ÿ-bn¬ BZyw D≠m-bn-cp-∂pthm AtX ]Ir-Xn-bn¬ Xs∂

bmsXmcp am‰hpw IqSmsX XpS-cp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚

]gb hy‡nXzhpw ]pXnb hy‡n-Xzhpw th¿Xn-cn-°p-∂ Hcp acWw

At±-l-Øn¬ kw`-hn-®n-ń-√. km[m-cWKXn-bn¬ CXn-s\-bmWv

\ΩpsS A\p-`-h-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ Pohn-X-Øns‚ XpS¿® F∂v

hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. tbip Xs‚ ASpØ A\p-bm-bn-I-tfbpw kplr-Øp-

°-tfbpw cmXn-bpsS Ccp-fn¬ sh®v cl-ky-ambn k‘n-®Xv t]mse

Xo¿®-bmbpw ]c-tem-IØv \n∂p≈ `qXtam Bflmthm s]cp-am-dp-

I-bn-√.

tbip Hcp `qXm-flm-hm-bn-cp-∂pthm F∂ tNmZyw A¿∞-i-¶-

°n-S-bn-√m-Ø-hn[w \ntj-[n-®Xv tbiph√msX a‰m-cp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.

At±lw Xs‚ injy-∑m-cn¬ Nne¿°v ]Xy-£-\mbt∏mƒ AXv


tbip Xs∂-bmtWm F∂ bw Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXv Hcp qXm-

flm-hm-sW∂v Ah¿ hniz-kn-®p. A°mcyw Ah¿ ad-®p-sh-®n-√. Ah-

cpsS hnjaw I≠-dn™ tbip Xm≥ `qX-a√ F∂v ]d™v Ah-

cpsS `bw AI-‰p-Ibpw Xm≥ Iqio-I-c-W-Øn\p hnt[-b-\mb AtX

tbip Xs∂-bm-sW∂v Dd-∏n®p ]d-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. At∏mgpw DW-

ßmØ Xs‚ apdn-hp-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n®v t\m°m≥ t]mepw At±lw

injy-∑msc £Wn-®p.* injy-∑m¿°v ap≥]n-ep≈ tbip-hns‚ ]Xy-

£-s∏-S¬ bmsXm-c¿∞-Ønepw At±-l-Øns‚ ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂p≈

Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬∏m-sW∂v ÿm]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. F√m A¿∞-

Ønepw At±lw ac-WsØ AXn-Po-hn-®p-sh-∂mWv kvYm]n-°s∏-Sp-

∂-Xv.

Ah-cpsS a\- n¬ Ct∏mgpw ]Xn-™p-In-S-°p∂ kwibw \o°m-

s\∂ hÆw Ah¿ F¥mWv `£n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v tbip

tNmZn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ah¿ sdmńbpw ao\pw Xn∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-

bm-sW∂v ]d-™p. At∏mƒ tbip hni∏v ImcWw Ah-tcm-Sv

A∏hpw ho™pw hmßn Ign-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.** tbip acn-®-Xn\v

tijw Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰-X√ F∂v ho≠pw AWp-a-Wn-Øq°w kwi-

b-Øn\v CS \¬Im-Ø-hn[w CXv hy‡-am-°p-∂p. AXm-bXv acn®

Hcmƒ ho≠pw Pohn-X-Øn-te°v Xncn-®p-h∂p F∂ Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-

* "BgvN-h- -Øns‚ H∂mw \mƒ Bb B Znh-kw, t\cw sshIn-b-t∏mƒ injy-∑m¿ Ccp∂ ÿeØp blq-Z-∑msc t]Sn®p hmXn¬ AS-®n-cns° tbip-h∂p \Sp-hn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠p: \nßƒ°v kam-[m\w F∂p Ah-tcmSp ]d-™p. CXp ]d-™n´pIøpw hnem∏pdhpw Ahsc ImWn®p; I¿Øm-hns\ I≠n´p injy-∑m¿ kt¥m-jn-®p. tbip ]ns∂bpw Ah-tcmSp: \nßƒ°p kam-[m\w; ]nXmhv Fs∂ Ab-®Xpt]mseRm\pw \nßsf Ab-°p∂p F∂p -]-d-™p. Cßs\ ]d-™-tijw Ah≥ Ah-cpsS ta¬ DuXn Ah-tcmSp; ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns\ ssIs°mƒhn≥. BcpsS ]m]-ßƒ\nßƒ tamNn-°p-∂pthm Ah¿°p tamNn-°-s∏- n-cn-°p∂p; BcpsS ]m]-ßƒ \n¿Øp-∂pthm Ah¿°p \n¿Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂p ]d-™p'.

"F∂m¬ tbip h∂-t∏mƒ ]¥n-cp-h-\n¬ Hcp-h-\mbn ZnZn-tamkv F∂ tXmakvAh-tcm-Sp-IqsS D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. at‰ injy-∑m¿ Ah-t\mSp; Rßƒ I¿Øm-hns\I≠p F∂p-]-d-™msd; Rm≥ Ahs‚ ssII-fn¬ BWn-∏gpXp ImWp-Ibpw BWn-∏-gp-Xn¬ hnc¬ CSp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´-√msX hniz-kn-°-bn√ F∂v Ah≥ Ah-tcmSp]d™p'.

"F´p Znhkw Ign-™n´p injy-∑m¿ ]ns∂bpw AI-Øp-Iq-Sn-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒtXmakpw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. hmXn¬ AS-®n-cns° tbip h∂p \Sp-hn¬ \n∂p-sIm≠p:\nßƒ°p kam-[m\sa∂p-]-d-™p. ]ns∂ tXma-kn-t\mSp \ns‚ hnc¬ Ctßm´p\oń Fs‚ ssIIsf Im¨sI \ns‚ ssI \oń Fs‚ hnem-]p-dØp CSp-I. Ahn-izmkn BImsX hnizm-kn-bm-bn-cn-°p-I F∂p-]-d-™p'. (tbml: 20;19-˛27)

** "Ah¿ kt¥m-j-Øm¬ hniz-kn-°msX AXn-i-bn®p \n¬°p-tºmƒ Ah-tcmSp: "Xn∂m≥ h√Xpw ChnsS \nß-fpsS ]°¬ Dt≠m F∂p tNmZn-®p. Ah¿ HcpJfiw hdpØ ao\pw tX≥ I´-bpw Ah\p sImSpØp' (eqt°mkv ; 24: 41, 42).

Iqio-I-cWw


Iqio-I-cWw

Øn-s∂-Xn-cm-Wn-Xv. tbip AØ-c-Øn¬ ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°-s∏´p F∂p

hniz-kn-°m-sa-¶n¬ Ccń ]iv\-ß-fm-Wp-≠m-hp-I.

ap≥]v Ah-Im-i-s∏-ń--cp-∂Xv t]mse tbip Ct∏mgpw Hcp a\p-

jy-ssZ-h-k-¶c Pohn-bm--bncps∂¶n¬ At±-l-Øn-∂p-≈nse a\p-jy-

\n¬ \n∂pw At±lw tamNn-X-\m-bn-ń-√. CXv AXy¥w ]iv\-k-

¶o¿W-amb Hcp kml-Ncyw krjvSn-°p-∂p. acWw Fß-s\-bmWv

At±-l-Øn¬ As√-¶n¬ Ah-cn¬ (ssZhw + a\p-jy≥) ]h¿Øn-

®Xv? tbip-hnse a\p-jy-\mtWm acWw hcn-®Xv AtXm tbip-hnse

ssZhtam? tb-ip-hns‚ B aï-co-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw ssZ--h-Øn-t‚bpw

a\p-jyt‚bpw Bflmhv Htc-k-abw th¿]n-cn™p t]mIp-Ibpw

]n∂oSv Htc kabw Xncn®p hcn-I-bp-amtWm sNbvXXv? Ah¿ c≠p

t]cpsS Bflmhv Hcp-an-®m-bn-cpt∂m \c-I-k-µ¿i\w \S-Øn-bXv?

AX√ a\p-jym-flm-hns\ IqSmsX tbip-hn-ep≈ ssZhm-flmhv amX-

amtWm tbip-hns‚ ico-c-Øn¬ Xncn-®p-h-∂-Xv? Bfp-Isf A¤p-X-

]-c-X-¥-cm-°n-s°m≠v B Hcm-flmhv Ftßm-t´-°mWv IS-∂p-I-f-

™Xv? \c-I-Øn-te-°m-bn-cpt∂m B bmX? AXm-bXv \c-I-Øn-te-

°p≈ Ah-km-\-bm-X-bm-bn-cp-∂pthm?! aq∂v ]Iepw aq∂v cmhpw

amX-am-bn-cpt∂m At±-l-Øn-\-IsØ ssZhm-flmhv _‘-\-ÿ-\m-

bn-cp-∂-Xv? tbip-hn-\-IsØ ]nXm-hmb ssZhtam AX√ ]pX-\mb

tbipthm BcmWv _‘-\-ÿ-\m-bXv? Cu ]iv\w imiz-X-ambn

]cn-l-cn®v CXp kw_-‘-ambn Rßƒ°v hy‡-amb Hcp NnXw

\¬tI-≠-Xp-≠v. tbip-hns‚ icocw `mKn-I-ambn ssZh-Øn-t‚-Xpw

`mKn-I-ambn a\p-jyt‚-Xp-am-bn-cpt∂m?

ss__nƒ ]g-b-\n-b-ahpw ]pXnb \nb-ahpw ]Tn-°p-tºmƒ

\ap°v e`n-°p∂ ssZh-k-¶-ev]w ssZhw F∂Xv ico-c-an-√mØ Acq-

]nbpw A\-iz-c-k-Ø-bp-am-sW-∂m-Wv. ssZh-Øns‚ hy‡n-k-Øsb

cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp∂Xn¬ uXn-I-]-Zm¿∞-ßƒ°v bmsXmcp ]¶p-an-√. Cu

ÿnXn-bn¬ adn-b-bpsS K¿`-]m-X-Øn¬ `qWm-h-ÿ-bn¬ tbip IS-

∂p-t]mb hnhn[ L -ßsf°pdn®v \ap-s°m∂v Ah-tem-I\w sNømw.

tbip-hns\ ]Xyp¬]m-Zn-∏n-°m-\m-h-iy-amb kIe ]Zm¿∞-ßfpw

At±-l-Øns‚ a\p-jy-am-Xm-hmWv ]Zm\w sNbvXXv. Hcp AWp amX

t]mepw ]nXm-hmb ssZh-Øn-t‚-Xm-bn-√. Xo¿®-bmbpw ssZhw At±-

lsØ A¤p-X-I-c-amb coXn-bn¬ krjvSn®Xm-bn-cn-°mw. ]t£

Fs‚ ho£-W-]-Imcw A¤p-X-I-c-ambn ImW-s∏-´mepw As√-¶nepw

a\p-jy-kr-jvSn-∏v a\p-jy-kr-jvSn∏v Xs∂-bm-Wv. ]nXm-hn-t‚bpw amXm-

hn-t‚bpw mKØp \n∂p≈ ]Zm¿∞-ßƒ Xpey-amtbm mKn-I-amtbm

]¶n-´p-sIm-≠mWv a\p-jy-inip P\n-°p-∂-Xv. Npcp-ßnb ]£w inip-


hns‚ ico-c-Ønse FsX-¶nepw Hcp `mKw ]nXm-hn¬ \n∂v e`n-t°-

≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Cu ]pwZm-Xm-hn-s\-bmWv \ap°v ]nXm-hmbn AwKo-

I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-I.

Cu a\p-jy-`qWw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ ]nXmhv bmsXmcp ]¶pw

hln-®n-´n√ F∂Xv CXn¬ \n∂pw hmb-\-°m-c\v hfsc hy‡-ambn

a\ nem-hp-∂p. lrZb hyh-ÿ, izk-\-hy-hÿ, ]mY-an-I-hy-h-ÿ,

kncm-hy-h-ÿ, tImi-hy-h-ÿ, tIµ-\m-Uo-hy-hÿ apX-em-b-h-

sb√mw cq]-s∏-´Xv a\p-jy-am-Xm-hns‚ `mKØp \n∂p amX-am-Wv.

tbiphns‚ ico-c-L-S-\-bn¬ ssZh-Øns‚ Bflm-h-√msX as‰m∂pw

tbip kzoI-cn-®n-´n√ F∂n-cns°, Fhn-sS-bmWv tbip-hn¬ ssZh-

Øns‚ ]pXXz-Øns‚ LS-I-ap-≈Xv? tbiphpw ssZhhpw XΩn-ep≈

_‘-sØ-]-‰n-bp≈ Cu \qX\ k¶-ev]-Øn\v Bfp-Iƒ°v a\- n-

em-hp∂ as‰-s¥-¶nepw hni-Zo-I-cWw \¬In-bmepw Hcn-°-ep-aXv ]nXr-

]p-X-_-‘-am-sW∂v ]d-bm≥ km[y-a-√.

A≤ymbw 5

]p\-cp-÷o-h-\tam ]p\-cp-∞m-\tam?

(REVIVAL OR RESURRECTION)

ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ tbip-hns‚ ]p\-cp-÷o-h\w F∂

k¶ev]w \nc-h[n ]iv\-ßƒ krjvSn-°p-∂p. AXn¬ Nne-sX√mw

Ign™ A≤ym-b-Øn¬ N¿® sNbvXp-I-gn-™p. Ct∏mƒ \mw a‰p

Nne ]iv\-ß-fn-te°pw k¶o¿Æ-X-I-fn-te°pw i≤ Xncn-°p-I-

bmWv.

Iqio-I-c-W-Øn\v apºpw ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂p ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-®-Xn\v

tijhp-ap≈ At±-l-Øns‚ a\- ns‚ ]Ir-Xn-bmWv \man-t∏mƒ

N¿® sNøp-∂-Xv. aq∂v ]Iepw aq∂v cmXnbpw ]h¿Ø-\-c-ln-X-am-

b-Xn\v tijw At±-l-Øns‚ a\ v ho≠pw kPo-h-am-Ip-I-bm-bn-

cp∂p. tNmZy-an-Xm-Wv, acn-°p-tºmƒ tbip-hns‚ akvXn-jvIØn\v

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ F¥mWv kw`-hn-®Xv? akvXnjvIw GXm\pw an\p´v

t\c-tØ°p acn-®p-t]m-sb-¶n¬ AXv Imem-Im-e-tØ°pw \nt›-X-

\-amhpw F∂mWv Npcp-ßnb ]£w ssIkvX-h-˛-A-ssI-kvXh

sshZy-imkvX hnZ-Kv≤-∑m-cpsS F√m-h-cp-sSbpw s]mXp-sh-bp≈ A`n-

]m-bw. c‡-Nw-I-aWw \ne-°p-∂-tXmsS akvXnjvI tImi-ßƒ

hnL-S-\-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-hpw.

tbip Iqio-I-c-W-th-f-bn¬ acn-®p-sh-¶n¬ AXn-∂¿∞w At±-

l-Øns‚ lrZbw ]h¿Ø-\-c-ln-X-am-hp-Ibpw akvXn-jvI-Øn-te°v

c‡w hnX-cWw sNøp∂ ]h¿Ø\w \ne-°p-Ibpw DS≥ Xs∂

akvXnjvI acWw (Brain Death) kw`-hn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-sh-∂m-

Wv. At±-l-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ ssPhnI ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw \ne-®p-t]m-

bm-e-√msX At±-lsØ acn-®-h-\mbn ]Jym-]n-°m≥ km[y-a-√.

Aß-s\-bm-sW-¶n¬ tbip-hns‚ Pohn-X-tØbpw ac-W-tØbpw Ipdn-

®p≈ \nc-h[n ka-ky-Iƒ \mw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°≠n hcpw.

tbip-hn\v acWw kw`-hn-®m¬ AXn-\¿∞w- A-t±-l-Øns‚

]mW-i-cocw AYhm \mw hnfn-°p∂ Bflmhv At±-lØns‚ ÿqe-

]-RvPcw BIp∂ `uXnI ico-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw Fs∂-t∂-°p-ambn

th¿s∏´p F∂m-W¿∞w. A]-Imcw Xs∂ At±-l-Øns‚ ]p\-cp-


÷o-h\w F∂m¬ aq∂v Znh-k-ßƒ°p apºv th¿s∏- p-t]mb ]mW≥

AtX uXn-I-i-co-c-Øn-te°v Xncn-®p-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°Ww F∂p-

am-Wv. AØ-c-Øn¬ Xncn-®p-h∂ ]mW≥ uXnI ico-c-am-Ip∂ Poh-

L-Sn-Im-csØ ho≠pw kv]µn-∏n®p XpS-ßp-Ibpw thWw. Aßs\

kw`-hn-°p-tºmƒ hnL-S\w Bcw-`n®v arX-]n-WvU-ambn°gn™

akvXn-jvI -tIm-i-ßƒ°v Poh≥ sh°p-I-bpw, acn-®-Xn-\p-tijw thK-

Øn¬ XpS-ßnb cmk-]-h¿Ø\w aqe-ap≈ Po¿Æ\ ]Inb ]q¿W-

ambpw t\¿hn]-coX Zni-bn¬ ]h¿Øn-°m≥ Bcw-`n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXn-cn-°-Ww. CXv A\-h[n ]iv\-ß-fp-ambn sI´p-]n-W™p InS-

°p-∂p. Cu kaky ssIkvXh ssPh ck-X¥ imkvX-

⁄¿s°√mw Hcp sh√p-hn-fn-bmbn Ah-ti-jn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. tIµ-

\mUo hyh-ÿ-bn¬ kw`-hn® Po¿Æ-\-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ ssPh-cmk

]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw t\¿ hn]-coX Zni-bn¬ ]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv Fß-

s\-bmWv hni-Zo-I-cn-°pI? imkvX-⁄-∑m-cpsS hnZq-c-`m-h-\-Iƒ°p-

t]mepw A∏p-d-Øm-Wn-Xv. Aßs\bmWv kw`-hn-®-sX-¶n¬ Xo¿®-

bmbpw AsXmcp A¤pXw BWv. imkvX-⁄-∑msc ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-

Øp-Ibpw ssZhw Xs∂ krjvSn® ]IrXn \nb-asØ ]cn-l-kn-°p-

I-bp-am-bn-cn°pw AXv. C\n AsXmcp A¤p-X-am-sW-¶n¬ Xs∂

]iv\w AXp-sIm-s≠m∂pw ]cn-lr-X-am-hp-∂-Xp-a-√.

AØ-c-Øn-semcp ]p\-cp-÷o-h-\-sa-∂m¬ tIµ-\m-Uo-hy-h-ÿ-

bnse tImi-ß-fpsS ]p\-cp-÷o-h\w amX-a-√. AXv hmkvX-h-Øn¬

Ah-bp-sS-sb√mw ]h¿Ø\ kwtbmP\w IqSn-bm-Wv. Aßs\ AtX

tImi-ßƒ ]p\¿kr-jvSn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw ]g-b-Xp-t]mse ho≠pw kPo-

h-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ t]mepw AXv ]gb Hm¿Ω-I-sfm∂pw Ah-

ti-jn-°mØ ]pXnb Hcp Iq´w tImi-ß-fm-bn-cn-°pw. tbip-hns‚

Pohn-X-hp-ambn _‘-s∏- Xpw At±l-Øns‚ a\- ns‚ ac-W-tØmsS

akvXn-jvI-Øn¬ \n∂v XpS-®p-am-‰-s∏-´-Xp-amb B Hm¿Ω-I-sf√mw

ho≠pw ]q¿W-cq-]-Øn¬ ]p\¿kr-jvSn-t°≠n hcpw.

Pohn-X-sa-∂m¬ \ap-°-dn-bp-∂Xv t]mse akvXn-jvI-Ønse

tImSn-°-W-°n\v \yqtdm-Wp-I-fn¬ D≈-S°w sNbvX hnh-c-ßƒ

\¬Ip∂ t_m[w Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xm-Wv. B hnh-c-ß-sf√mw ]t©-

µn-b-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw e`n-°p∂ AXoh k¶o¿Æ-am-bXpw Iºyq-´¿

_n‰p-Isf t]mse ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏´ hnh-c-ß-fp-am-Wv. Ah D]-

hn-`m-K-ß-fmbn hn`-Pn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. B hnh-c-ß-f-

S-ßnb Um‰-I-sf√mw XpS-®p-\o-°-s∏-´m¬ AtXm-sSm∏w Pohn-Xhpw

kzbw Xs∂ XpS-®p-\o-°-s∏-Spw. Bb-Xn-\m¬ tbip-hns‚ akvXn-

jvI-Øns‚ ]p\-cp-÷o-h-\-sa-∂m¬, Hcp ]pXnb tkm^v‰vshb¿



D]tbm-Kn -®p≈ XnI®pw Hcp ]pXnb s_bv≥ Iºyq-´ -dns‚

kwcN\bpw \n¿Ωm-Whpw F∂m-Wv. Cu k¶o¿W-X-Iƒ tbip-

hns‚ akvXn-jvI-Øn\p ]pd-ta-bp≈ ico-c-Øns‚ ck-X-¥hp-ambn

IqSn _‘-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. ico-csØ ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°m≥ Po¿Æ\

]In-b-bn¬ \jvS-s∏-´p-t]mb F√m hkvXp-°-tfbpw hos≠-Sp-Øp-

sIm≠v AXn-_r-l-Ømb Hcp cmk-]p-\- w-L-S-\m-]-Inb ]mh¿Øn-

I-am-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ hºn® Hcp AXn-ibw kw`-hn-

°p-tºmƒ DS-se-Sp-°p∂ tNmZy-an-Xm-Wv. BcmWv ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-®Xv?

AXv tbip-hnse a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂pthm? AtXm tbip-hn-ep≈

ssZhtam? CXp-sIm-≠mWv tbip-hns‚ hy‡nXzw Bcp-tS-Xm-sW∂v

a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ Rßƒ Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

tbip ssZh-]p-X≥ F∂ \ne-°p≈ Xs‚ alm-i‡n ]I-Sn-

∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ CS-dp-Itbm ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Itbm sNbvXm¬ a\p-jy≥

F∂ \ne°v amX-amWv tbip ]cm-P-b-s∏-´-sX∂v ]d™v InkvXym-

\n-Iƒ tbip-hns‚ ssZh-Xz-Øn¬ A`bw tXSpw. AXp-sIm≠v

tbiphns‚ GXv `mK-amWv ssZh-sa∂pw GXv `mK-amWv a\p-jy-

s\∂pw hy‡-ambn hyh-tO-Zn®p \n¿∆-Nn-®p-X-c-W-sa∂v InkvXym-

\n-ItfmSv Bh-iy-s∏-Sm≥ \ap°v F√m Ah-Im-i-ß-fp-ap-≠v. a\p-

jy-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ tbip-hn\v XpS¿® D≠m-h-W-sa-¶n¬ At±-l-Øn-

∂-IØv ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂pw hn`n-∂-ambn a\p-jys‚ Hcp a\ v Bh-

iy-am-bp-≠v. tbip-hns‚ akvXnjvIw ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-°-s∏- -t∏mƒ AXv

tbip-hn-\-IsØ a\p-jymw-i-Øns‚ ]p\-cp-÷o-h-\-am-bn-cp-∂p.

ImcWw ssZhmw-i-Øn\v \ne-\n¬°m≥ `uXnI akvXn-jvI-Øns‚

Bh-iy-an-√-t√m. tbi-p-hns‚ ssZhn-I-kØ CXn-\p-apºv `qan-bn¬

Xm¬°m-enI hmkw \S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚ akvXnjvIw Hcp

kzoI-c-W-]mXw t]mse-bm-bn-cp∂p h¿Øn-®-Xv. AXm-bXv Bflm-

hns‚ Hcp am[yaw t]mse. AXp-sIm≠v tbip-hns‚ ]p\cp÷oh\w

F∂Xv tbip-hnse a\p-jy\p amXw _m[-I-am-Wv. At±-l-Ønse

a\p-jymwiw AtX ico-c-Øn-te°v aS-ßn-h-cm-sX-bp≈ ]p\-cp-÷o-

h\w Akm-[y-am-Wv.

Cu k¶ev]w Akzo-Im-cy-am-sW-¶n¬ \ap°v as‰mcp Kpcp-X-c-

amb ]iv\w A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°≠n hcpw. AXm-bXv tbip-hns‚ qtem-

I-hm-k-th-f-bn¬ At±-l-Øn¬ c≠v kzX-¥-a-\- p-Iƒ h¿Øn-®n-

cp-∂p-sh∂v Icp-tX≠n hcpw. H∂v a\p-jy-t‚Xpw as‰m∂v ssZh-Øn-

t‚bpw. c≠v t]cpw Htc ico-c-Øn¬ kl-h-kn-°p-Ibpw AtX-k-

abw ]c-kv]cw _‘-an-√m-Ø-hn[w kzX-¥-ambn h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-I. Aßs\bmsW-¶n¬ ]p\-cp-÷o-h-\-Øns‚ bYm¿∞



]IrXn F¥m-sW∂v hy‡-am-bn a\- n-em-°m≥ Cu ]iv\w ]p\-

∏-cn-tim-[-\°v hnt[-b-am-t°≠n hcpw. Cu k¶-ev]-Øn¬, a\p-jy-

\mb tbip-hns‚ a\- n\v Ccn-∏n-S-ta-Im≥ th≠n akvXn-jvIsØ

A\n-hm-cy-ambpw ]p\- w-L-Sn-∏n-t°-W-sa∂ k¶-ev]-Øns‚ Bh-

iy-an-√. ]≠v tbip ]m¿Øn-cp∂ Po¿Wn® akvXnjvIØns‚ Ah-

ti-jn-∏p≈ Xe-tbm-Sn¬ tbip ho≠pw kµ¿i\w \SØn F∂v

`mh-\-bn¬ I≠m¬ amXw aXn.

IqSp-X¬ Bg-Øn¬ Cu ]iv\-Øn-te°v \mw Npgn-™p-t\m-

°p-tºm-sg√mw Hmtcm At\z-j-W-X-e-Ønepw ]pXnb ]pXnb ]iv\-

ßƒ Xe-s]m-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. a\p-jys‚ Nn¥m-]-In-b°v Hcp-

]-I-c-W-am-bn-s°m≠v Hcp akvXn-jvIØns‚ Bh-iy-ap≠v. a\p-jy-

i-co-c-Øns‚ ]h¿Ø-\-co-Xnsb kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØm-fw, a\ v kzbw

]h¿Øn-°p∂ thdn´ Hcp AkvXn-Xz-am-sW∂v k¶-ev]n-°p-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬ B k¶ev]w a\ pw Bflmhpw H∂m-sW∂ Hcp kqN\

\¬Ip-∂p.- a-\-s t∂m Bflm-sht∂m F¥v t]cn´v \ma-Xns\ hnfn-

®mepw AXn\v a\pjy akvXn-jvIhp-am-bp≈ _‘w th¿s]-Sp-Øn-

bmepw kzX-¥-ambn Pohn-°m≥ Ign-bp-sa∂v Icp-Xm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

]t£ AXn\v a\p-jy-i-co-csØ \nb-¥n-°-W-sa-¶ntem AXn-\p-ta¬

Fs¥-¶nepw kzm[o\w sNep-Ø-W-sa-¶ntem a\ pw akvXn-jvI-hp-

amtbm Bflmhpw ico-c-hp-amtbm KmV-amb Hcp _‘w Bh-iy-am-

Wv. A√m-Ø-]£w Ah¿°v XΩn¬ ]c-kv]cw kzm[o-\n-°mt\m

a\p-jy-\nse imco-cn-Ihpw am\-kn-Ihpw sshIm-cn-I-hp-amb ]In-b-

I-fn¬ A`n-t]-cW sNep-Ømt\m km[y-a-√. Hcp-]t£ Cu hnj-

b-Øn-\p-ta¬ hnhmZw \S-Øm≥ km[y-a√

CXn¬ \n∂pw \mw as‰mcp Kpcp-X-c-amb ]iv\-Øn-te°v B\-

bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. ssZh-]p-X-s\-∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ At±-l-Øn\v akvXn-

jvI-Øn-eqsS \nb-¥n-°-s∏-Sp∂ Hcp ico-c-Øns‚ Bh-iy-apt≠m?

At±-l-Øns‚ Nn¥m-]-In-b°v Bi-bn-°m≥ Hcp `uXnI akvXn-

jvI-Øns‚ Bh-iy-apt≠m? krjv-Sn-tem-IØv kam-\XIfn-√m-Ø-

hn[w kIe am\p-jnI ]cn-an-Xn-I-tfbpw AXn-P-bn-°p-∂-hn[w AXp-

eyhpw kzX-¥-hp-amb Hcp Nn¥m-]-In-b-bmWv ssZh-]p-X-t‚-sX-

¶n¬ a\p-jys‚ a\- p≈ Hcp ico-c-Øn-te°v ssZh-Øns‚ Bflmhv

Xncn-®p-h-cnI F∂Xv ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp-≤amb Nn¥m-]-In-b-I-fp≈ Cc´

hy‡n-Xz-ß-fpsS hnNn-X-amb Hc-h-ÿ-bpsS ]p\x-krjvSn Bbn-cn-

°pw. CXp-Im-cWw a\p-jys‚ Bflmhpw a\- p-ambn ssZh-Øns‚

Bflm-hn\pw kØ°pw ]q¿Æ-ambn H∂mbnØocm≥ km[y-a-√.

akvXn-jvI-Øn¬ AXy-[nIw Atem-c-k-ß-fp-≠m-°p∂ Nn¥m-X-cw-




K-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb ÿncw hyXn-bm-\-ß-fp≈ c≠v Nn¥m-]-In-b-I-fm-

bn-cn°pw D≠m-hp-I. AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp am\-kn-Im-hÿ AXn-am-

\p-j-\mb at\m-tcm-K-hn-Z-Kv[\v NnIn-’n-°m≥ ]‰n-b-Xm-bn-cn-°pw. Hcp-

]t£ AXv Hcp ]pXnb Xcw Bflob kvIn‰vtkm^o-\nb*bpam-bn-

cn-°pw.

CXbpw ]d™ ÿnXn°v Cu k¶-ev]-ß-sf√mw Xs∂ \ap°v

as‰mcp ho£-W-tIm-Wn¬ ]p\¿kr-jvSn-°mw. InkvXp-a-XsØ∏‰n

Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn-®-t∏mƒ kmt¶-XnI ]Z-ßƒ a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xnepw

AXv ]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xnepw Nne Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ßƒ \ne-\n¬°p∂p

F∂ bmYm¿∞y-Øn¬ Rm≥ FØn-t®-¿∂p. B ]Z-ß-fpsS kml-

N-cy-ßƒ°-\p-k-cn-®p≈ hnh-£m¿∞w ]q¿Æ-ambpw a\- n-em-

°msX-bmWv Ah¿ AXv Aÿm-\Øv D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xv.

AØ-c-Øn-ep-≈ kmt¶-XnI ]Z-ß-fpsS Zpcp-]-tbmKw sIm≠v

InkvXob XXz-imkvXw \ndsb Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ß-fm¬ Ahy-‡-am-

bn-cn-°p-∂p. ]p\-cp-÷o-h\w (Revival) AXn-sem-∂m-Wv. as‰m∂v ]p\-

cp-∞m\w AYhm Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬∏v (Resurrection) BWv. c≠v

]Z-ßƒ°pw hyXykvX A¿∞-ß-fm-Wp-≈-Xv. tbip Poh-\n-te°v

Xncn-®p-h-cp-∂-Xn-∂p≈ km[y-X-sb-°pdn®v ]Xn-]m-Zn®t∏msb√mw ]p\-

cp-÷o-h\w (Revival) F∂ ]Z-amWv \mw t_m[-]q¿∆w D]-tbm-Kn-

®p-h-∂-Xv. ap≥N¿®-I-fn¬ \mw hy‡-ambn I≠-Xp-t]mse ]p\-cp-

÷o-h\w F∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv ac-WØn-\p-tijw ico-c-Øns‚ F√m

ssPh-]-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw Xncn-®p-h-cp-∂-Xn-s\-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ ]p\-cp-

∞m\w F∂Xv ]q¿Æ-ambpw as‰mcp ]Xn-`m-k-amWv.

\n¿`m-Ky-I-c-sa∂v ]d-bs´, Cu kmt¶-XnI ]Z-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw

am‰n Zpcp-]-tbmKw sNbvtXm Npcp-ßnb ]£w H∂ns‚ A¿∞w

as‰mcp ]Z-Øn∂v \¬In-s°m≠v InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS a\- n¬ Ah¿

Bi-b-°p-g∏w D≠m-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CXn\v temI-sa-ßp-ap≈ InkvXp-

k-`-Iƒ DØ-c-hm-Zn-I-fm-Wv. ]p\-cp-∞m\w (Resurrection) F∂Xv

Poh≥ Dt]-£n® InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-Øn-te°v AYhm acn®p F∂v

]d-b-s∏-Sp∂ InkvXp-hns‚ ico-c-Øn-te°v Poh≥ c≠m-aXpw A¶p-

cn-°p-∂-Xn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ]Z-ambn´mWv an° InkvXym-\n-Ifpw

a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xv. Xo¿®-bmbpw \mw CXn-t\mSp hntbm-Pn-°p∂p. AXv

AKm-[-am-sbmcp t_m[-aq¿® -(Coma) AYhm t_m[-c-ln-Xm-hÿbm-

* kvIn‰vtkm-^o-\nb (Schizophrenia) [nj-Wm-]-chpw Nn¥m-]-chpw

sshIm-cn-I-hp-amb ]In-b-Iƒ ]c-kv]cw HØp-t]m-Im-ØXv sIm≠v kw`-hn-°p∂

Hcp-Xcw at\m-tcm-Kw. AYhm hn`‡ hy‡nXzw (hnh :)


bn-cp-∂p-sh∂pw ac-W-am-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂pw hni-Zo-I-cn-°m-\p≈ Ah-

Imiw R-ßƒ°p≠v. icn-bmb coXn-bn¬ a\- n-em°n icn-bmb coXn-

bn¬ ]tbm-Kn-®m¬ tbip-hns‚ ]p\-cp-∞m\w F∂Xn\v ac-W-tØmsS

ico-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw th¿]n-cn™ Bflmhv ho≠pw AtX ico-c-Øn-

te°v Xncn-®p-h-cp∂p F∂ A¿∞w Iev]n-°m≥ km[y-a-√. ]p\-cp-

∞m\w F∂ kmt¶-XnI ]Z-Øn\v ]pXnb Hcp Bflob ico-c-Øns‚

krjvSn∏v F∂v amX-amWv A¿∞w. Bflob ]Ir-Xn-bp≈ CØcw

icocw Bflm-hns\ ip≤o-I-cn-s®-Sp-°p∂ aqi-t]mse h¿Øn-°p-∂p.

ac-W-Øn-\p-ti-j-ap≈ imiz-X-amb Pohn-X-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv AXv

krjvSn°s∏Sp-∂-Xv. Nne¿ AXns\ \£-X-i-cocw (Sideral body)F∂p ]d-bp∂p. Nne¿ ]mW-i-cocw (Astral) F∂p hnfn-°p-∂p. a‰p

Nne¿ "Bflmhv' F∂pw ]d-bp-∂p. F¥v t]cn´v hnfn-®mepw AXns‚

A¥ mcw H∂p-X-s∂-bm-Wv. ]p\-cp-∞m\w F∂Xv Bflm-hn\v th≠n

]pXnb Hcp ico-c-Øns‚ krjvSn-∏ns\ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. B ico-c-

Øns‚ ]IrXn kq£va-amWv, ÿqe-a-√. acn-°p-tºmƒ ÿqe-i-co-c-

Øn¬ \n∂pw th¿]n-cn™ Bflmhv Po¿Æ-X°v hnt[-b-am-hp∂ AtX

ico-c-Øn-te°v aS-ßn-h-cp-∂-Xn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ ]Z-a√ "]p\-cp-∞m\w'

F∂v \mw Bh¿Øn®p ]d-bp-∂p.

hnip≤ ]utemkv hfsc Zo¿L-ambn tbip-hns‚ ]p\-cp-∞m-

\sØ ]‰n icn-bmb A¿∞-Øn¬ ]d-™n-´p-≠v. ]p\-cp-∞m\w F∂-

Xp-sIm≠v tbip-hns‚ ]p\-cp-∞m-\-Øn¬ amX-am-bn-cp-∂n√ At±lw

hniz-kn-®-Xv. acn-®-Xn\v tijw F√m-h¿°pw s]mXp-hmbn Hmtcm-cp-

Ø¿°pw A\p-tbm-Py-amb coXn-bn¬ ssZhw \¬I-p∂ Hcp ]pXnb

AkvXn-Xz-tØbpw Pohn-X-tØ-bpw Ipdn-®mWv ]p\-cp-∞m\w F∂-Xp-

sIm≠v ]utemkv hniz-kn--®n-cp-∂-Xv. Bflm-hns‚ hy‡n-Xz-Øn∂v

bmsXmcp am‰-hp-ap-≠m-Ip-∂n-√. ]t£ Bflm-hns‚ hmk-ÿew amdp-

∂p. ]utem-kns\ kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw ]p\-cp-∞m\w F∂Xv Hcp

s]mXp ]Xn-`m-k-amWv. CXv F√m-hcpw AwKo-I-cnt°≠-Xp-amWv.

A√m-Ø-]£w InkvXo-b-Xt°m aX-Ønt∂m bmsXmcp A¿∞hpw

C√m-Xm-Ipw. hnip≤ ]utemkv sImcn-¥y¿s°-gp-Xnb IØp-Iƒ Bg-

Øn¬ ]Tn-t°-≠-Xp≠v. ImcWw B IØp-Iƒ Cu hnj-bsØ A[n-

I-cn-s®-gp-Xn-b-Xm-Wv. Npcp-ßn-b-]£w Iqio-I-c-W-Øn\ptijw tbip-

hns\ Poh-t\msS I≠p F∂v sk‚ v ]utemkv ]d™ ÿe-sØ√mw

hy‡-ambpw Ak-∂n-Kv[-ambpw ]p\-cp-∞m-\-sØ-°p-dn®v amX-amWv

At±lw ]d-™n-´p-≈Xv F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ F\n°v AWp aWnØq°w

t]mepw kwi-b-an-√. tbip-hns‚ Bflmhv At±-lØn-s‚ ac-W-Øn-

\p-tijw \iz-c-i-co-c-Øn-te°v Xncn-®p-h∂p ho≠pw At±lw Pohn-X-



Øn-te°p h∂p F∂ km[m-cW uXn-Im¿∞w ]utemkv Hcn-°epw

`mh-\-bn¬ t]mepw Nn¥n-®n-´p-≠m-hn-√. Fs‚ Cu A`n-]mbw

InkvXob imkvXn-am¿°v Akzo-Im-cy-am-sW-¶n¬ ]utem-kns‚ hN-

\-ß-fn¬ ]q¿∆m-]c sshcp-≤y-ß-fp-s≠∂v Ah¿°v kΩ-Xn-t°≠n

hcpw. Npcp-ßn-b-]£w tbip-hns‚ ]pXnb Pohn-X-sØ∏‰n hnh-cn®

Nne hN-\-ß-fn-se-¶nepw A¿∞-i-¶-°n-S-bn-√m-Ø-hn[w ]utemkv

a\- n-em-°n-bXv tbip-hns‚ ]p\-cp-∞m-\-am-bn-cp-∂p, tbip-hns‚

Bflmhv Hcn-°¬ IpSn-sIm-≠n-cp∂ ico-c-Øns‚ ]p\-cp-÷o-h-\-am-

bn-cp-∂n-√ F∂p-d-∏m-Wv. AXm-bXv ac-W-Øn-\p-ti-j-apff ico-c-

Øns‚ ]p\-cp-÷o-h-\-am-bn-cp-∂n-√.

Xmsg-sIm-SpØ ss__n-fnse Nne ]k‡ hN-\-ßƒ kzbw

Xs∂ kwkm-cn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv.

"F∂m¬ ssZhw I¿Øm-hns\ Dbn¿∏n®-Xp-t]mse \sΩbpw

Xs‚ i‡n-bm¬ Dbn¿∏n°pw' (sIm-cn-¥y¿ 16:14).

"acn-®-h-cpsS ]p\-cp-∞m-\-Ønepw Cß-s\-bm-Wv. hnX-bv°p-∂Xp

\iz-c-am-b-XmWv. Dbn¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv A\-iz-c-am-bXpw. A]-am-\-

Øn¬ hnX-°-s∏-Sp-∂p; aln-a-bn¬ Dbn¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Zu¿_-ey-

Øn¬ hnX-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. i‡n-bn¬ Dbn¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. `uXn-I-i-co-

c-amWv hnX-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Bflo-b-i-co-c-amWv Dbn¿∏n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv''

(sIm-cn¥y¿: 1, 15:42:44).

"F∂m¬ A¥yIm-l-f-\m-Z-Øn-¶¬ s]s´∂p IÆn-sa-°p-∂n-S-

bn¬ \mw F√m-hcpw cq]m-¥-c-s∏Spw Imlfw [z\n°pw, acn-®-h¿

A£-a-cmbn Dbn¿°p-Ibpw \mw cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. Cu

Zh-Xz-ap≈ AZ-h-Xz-tØbpw Cu a¿Øy-ambXp Aa¿Xy-Xz-sØbpw

[cn-°p-tºmƒ acWw \oßn Pbw h∂n-cn-°p-∂p.'' F∂v Fgp-Xnb

hN\w \nhr-Øn-bmIpw (sIm-cn-¥y¿ 1, 15:52-˛54) ""Cßs\ Rßƒ

ss[cy-s∏´p icocw hn´p. I¿Øm-hn-t\mSp IqsS hkn-∏m≥ Rßƒ

Hcp-°-am-Wv.' (sIm-cn-¥y¿ 2, 5:8).

Iqio-I-c-W-Øn\v tijw tbip Xs‚ ico-c-Øn¬ Poh-t\msS

Fßs\ ImW-s∏´p F∂v BZna InkvXym-\n-Iƒ hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v.

]utemkv At∏m-kvX-e≥ ]cm-a¿in-°p∂ ]Xn-]m-Zy-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw

Cu ]iv\w ]cn-lr-X-am-th-≠-Xp-≠v. tbip ]p\-cp-∞m\w sNbvXp

F∂v ]utemkv a\- n-em-°n-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw At±lw

Icp-Xn-bXv icn-bm-bn-cn-°-Ww. ]utemkns‚ tbip-hp-ambp≈ IqSn-

°mgvNbpw At±-l-Øns‚ hy‡n-]-c-amb Z¿i\hpw At±lw a\-



n-em-°nb "]p\-cp-∞m\'Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥

Ign-bpw. AXm-bXv ]c-tem-IØv \n∂p≈ Hcp ]tc-Xm-flm-hns‚

kµ¿i\w t]mse ac-W-Øn\p apºp≈ .tb-ip-hns‚ cq]-Ønepw

`mh-Ønepap≈ qXm-flm-hns‚ Hcp Bflob kµ¿i\w t]mse F∂v

hni-Zo-I-cn-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xm-Wv. ]t£, c≠v hn[-Øn-ep≈ sXfn-

hp-I-fpsS IqSn-°-e¿Ø¬ ChnsS Bi-b-°p-g-∏-ap-≠m-°p-∂p. BZy-

ambn tbip-hns\ kvt\ln-°p-Ibpw BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ injy-

∑m-cpsS ]mY-anI sXfn-hp-I-fmWv \mw ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xv. Ah¿

HutZym-Kn-I-ambn InkvXp-aXw kzoI-cn-®-h-cm-I-W-sa-∂n-√. B sXfn-

hp-Iƒ ]utemkv At∏m-kvX-e≥ sX‰n-≤-cn-®n´p≠m-h-Ww. ImcWw

B sXfn-hp-I-fn¬ tbip a\p-jy-cq-]-Øn¬ ÿqe-i-co-c-tØm-SpIqSn

h∂p F∂v hfsc hy‡-ambn ]d-bp-∂p. AsXm-cn-°epw ]p\-cp-∞m-

\-ambn hymJym-\n-°m≥ km[y-a-√. CXv sXfn-bn-°m≥ tbip-hns‚

injy-∑m-cn¬ Nne¿ A¤p-X-s∏´ IY amXw ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ aXn.

""Ah¿ sR´n `b-s∏´p; Hcp `qXsØ ImWp∂p F∂-h¿°v

tXm∂n. Ah≥ Ah-tcmSv \nßƒ Ie-ßp-∂Xv F¥v? \nß-fpsS lrZ-

b-Øn¬ kwibw s]mßp-∂Xpw F¥v? Rm≥ Xs∂ BIp∂p F∂p

Fs‚ ssIøpw Imepw t\m°n Adn-hn≥; Fs∂ sXm´p-t\m-°p-ho≥;

F∂n¬ ImWp-∂-Xv t]mse `qX-Øn\p amwkhpw AkvYnbpw

C√t√m F∂p ]d-™p. (Cßs\ ]d-™n´p Ah≥ ssIøpw Imepw

Ahsc ImWn-®p) Ah¿ kt¥m-j-Øm¬ hniz-kn-°msX AXn-i-

bn®p \n¬°p-tºmƒ Ah-tcmSp: Xn∂p-hm≥ h√Xpw ChnsS \nß-

fpsS ]°¬ Dt≠m F∂p tNmZn-®p. Ah¿ Hcp JWvUw hdpØ

ao\pw tX≥ I´-bpw Ah\p sImSp-Øp. AXp Ah≥ hmßn Ah¿

Im¨sI Xn∂p.'' (eq-t°mkv 24:37-˛43).

Cu kw`hw ]p\-cp-∞m-\-Øns‚ Bibw Ak-∂n-≤-ambn \ncm-

I-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. ChnsS tbip hy‡-ambpw ]I-Sn-∏n-°m-\m-K-ln-°p-

∂Xv At±lw AtX ico-c-ap≈ AtX hy‡n Xs∂-bm-sW-∂pw,

Hcp `qXm-flm-h√ F∂pw X\n°v `£-W-an-√msX Zo¿Lt\cw \ne-

\n¬°m≥ Ign-bp-I-bn-√m-sb-∂p-am-Wv. BZna InkvXym-\n-Iƒ c≠v

hyXykvX Imcy-ßsf kw_-‘n-®mWv kwkm-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v CXv

IqSp-X¬ hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-°n-Ø-cp-∂p. acn-®-h-cn¬ \n∂p≈

tbip-hns‚ ]p\-cp-÷o-h-\-sØ -(Revival)∏‰n Ah¿ ]d-™-

t∏msg√mw kwi-bm-ep-°-sf√mw AXv Akw-_-‘-amb Hcp Imcy-am-

sW∂v ]d™v hntbm-Pn-®n-cp-∂p. Ah¿ At∏m-sg√mw XØz-im-

kvX-]-c-ambpw bp‡n-]-c-ambpw hni-Zo-I-cWw \¬In-s°m≠v ]p\-

cp-∞m-\-sa∂ k¶-ev]-Øn¬ A`bw Is≠-Øp-I-bm-Wp-≠mb-Xv.



C°m-cy-Øn¬ c≠v tXmWn-bn¬ Imev sh®v ]tl-fn-I-bn-e-I-s∏-´-h-

sc-∏‰n ]Tn-°m≥ sImcn-¥y¿s°-gp-Xnb H∂mw teJ\w Hcp kph¿Wm-

h-kcw kΩm-\n-°p-∂p.

Ah-km-\-ambn, tbip-hp-ambn I≠p-ap-´nb BZna InkvXym-\n-

I-fpsS sXfn-hp-I-fn-te°v hcmw. Iqio-I-cWw Ign-™-Xn\v DS-s\-

Xs∂ tbip Xs‚ injy-∑m-cnepw kvt\ln-X-∑m-cnepw s]´ ]e¿°pw

]Xy-£-\mbn F∂v hniz-kn-°p-I-b-√msX a‰p hgn-bn-√. At±lw

Ah-tcmSv kwkm-cn-®p. Ahsc A\p-K-an-®p. cmXn-bpsS ad-hn¬ Iqin-

I-cWw \S∂ ÿeØv \n∂pw At±lw AI-e-ß-fn-te°v \oßp-

Ibpw sNbvXp. CXv Hcn-°epw ]p\-cp-∞m\w sNbvX Hcm-f-√. F∂m¬

ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw ÿqe-i-co-c-tØmsS ]p\-cp-÷o-hn® Bfm-bn-

cn°mw. AX-s√-¶n¬ acn-°msX ac-W-tØm-S-SpØ Ah-ÿ-bn¬

\n∂pw c£-s∏´ Hcm-fp-tS-Xm-bncn-°mw. AXm-bXv Cu Ahÿ

tbm\m a’y-Øns‚ hb-‰n¬ Ign™ Ah-ÿ-bp-ambn Xmc-Xayw

sNøm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. CXn¬ c≠m-aXv ]d™ A`n-]m-b-amWv kzoIm-

cy-ambXv F∂-Xn¬ Rßƒ°v bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-√.

InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°v CXv Ffp-∏-Øn¬ a\- n-em-hm≥ th≠n

Rms\mcp km¶-ev]nI IY ]d-bmw. CtX IY bYm¿∞ Pohn-X-

Øn¬ C°m-eØv kw`-hn-®n-´p-ap-≠v. H-cm-fpsS ta¬ h[-in£ \S-∏m-

°m≥ th≠n Iqin®p sIm√m≥ iaw \SØn F∂n-cn-°-s´. Iqio-

I-c-W-Øns‚ ^e-ambn Abmƒ acn-s®∂p Icp-Xn. ]t£ Ipd®v

\mfp-Iƒ°v tijw h[n-°-s∏-´-bmsf At±-lsØ ASp-Ø-dn-bp∂

Nne Bfp-Iƒ I≠p. Ah¿ At±-l-Øns‚ ico-c-Ønse Iqio-I-c-

W-Øns‚ AS-bm-f-ßƒ Xncn-®-dn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXn-\p-tijw

Abmsf ]nSn-IqSn \nb-a-]m-e-I-∑m¿ tImS-Xn°v apºmsI lmP-cm-

°n. h[-in-£°v hnt[-b-am-°m≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´p. AXm-bXv Abmsf

ho≠pw Iqin-°Ww F∂v Bh-iy-s∏-´p. c£-s∏-´-bmƒ Xs‚ \ymb-

hm-Z-ßƒ \ncØn Ah-cpsS hmZ-ßsf FXn-cn-´p. Xm≥ Xo¿®-bmbpw

Hcp XhW acn-®-XmWv. \nbaw AXns‚ e£yw km[n®p Ign-™p.

Ct∏mƒ Xm≥ ssZh-Øns‚ ]tXyI C—-]-Imcw ho≠pw acn-®-h-

cn¬ \n∂v Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂-‰-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v h[n-®p-I-f-bm-\p≈

]gb hn[n ho≠pw \S-∏m-°m≥ km[y-a-√. ImcWw \nbaw \S∏m°p-

∂-Xn-s\-Xnsc Rm≥ bmsXmcp FXncpw ]h¿Øn-°m-Xn-cns°

F\n°v kpJ-I-c-ambn Pohn-°m-\p≈ Ah-kcw ho≠pw e`n-®n-cn-°p-

I-bm-Wv. Abm-fpsS Cu hmZ-ap-J-ßƒ tImSXn kzoI-cn-s®-¶n¬

Abmƒ Hcn-°¬ in£n-°-s∏-´p Ign™ Ip‰-Øn\v ho≠pw in£n-

°-s∏-Sn-√. Hcp InkvXob cmPyØv InkvXy≥ tImS-Xn-bn¬



InkvXy≥ \ymbm-[n-]\p apºn¬ CØcw Hcp tIkv hcn-I-bm-sW-

¶n¬ F¥v hn[n-\ym-b-amWv Ah¿ ]mkm-t°-≠-sX-∂mWv hmb-\-

°m-c\v \n¿t±-in-°m-\p-≈-Xv? h[-in-£-bn¬ \n∂pw c£-s∏´v hnNm-

cW A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ ]kvXpX hy‡n-bpsS \ymb-hm-Z-ßƒ Xffn-

s°m≠v ho≠pw Abmsf h[n-°-m≥ hn[n-°-s∏-Sp-I-bp-amWv sNøpI.

GsX-¶nepw hnth-I-ap≈ InkvXy≥ \ymbm-[n-]t\m AssI-kvX-

ht\m AX√ ]Iz-X-bp≈ GsX-¶nepw \oXn-]o-Ttam Hcn-°¬

h[n°s∏´ Ip‰-hmfn c≠m-aXpw Pohn-®-XmWv AXp-sIm≠v Abmsf

in£-bn¬ \n∂v Hgn-hm-°Ww F∂ A`y¿∞\ bmsXm-c¿∞-Ønepw

kzoI-cn-°p-I-bn√ F∂v kv]jvS-am-Wv. Aßs\ hn[n-°p-∂Xv ]mtZ-

in-Itam aX-]-ctam hwio-btam tKmXo-btam Bb ]£-]m-Xn-Xz-

Øns‚ t]cn-sem-∂p-a√. hnth-I-ap≈ bmsXm-cmƒ°pw adn-s®mcp hn[n

C°m-cy-Øn-se-Sp-°pI km[y-a-√. Cu hn[n km¿h-Xn-Imw-Ko-Im-c-ap≈

bp‡n-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v km¿∆-XnI-

amb a\p-jym-h-t_m[w ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw Hcmƒ ]p\-cp-÷o-

hn®Xns‚ t]cn-ep≈ Cu A`y¿∞\ \nc-kn-°pI Xs∂ sNøpw.

F∂n´v ac-WsØ AXn-Po-hn® (Survival) AYhm ac-W-Øn¬

\n∂pw c£-s∏´Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ Hcp hn[n ]kvXm-hn-

°p-Ibpw sNøpw. CXmWv tbip-hns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ bYm¿∞-Øn¬

kw`-hn-®Xv. AXv ]p\-cp-÷o-h-\-Øn-t‚tbm ]p\-cp-∞m-\-Øn-t‚tbm

tIk√. hy‡-ambpw AXv ac-WsØ AXn-Po-hn® (Survive) Hcp

tIkm-Wv.

tbip-hns‚ arX-i-co-c-Øn\v Poh≥ Xncn®p e`n®p F∂ Imcyw

InkvXp aXsØ kw_-‘n-t®-S-tØmfw ]c-a-]-[m-\-am-Wv. AXp-

sIm≠v AXns‚ ]n∂nse bYm¿∞ Imc-WsØ kw_-‘n-®v Hcmƒ

Kth-jWw \S-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. Cu IY-bn-ep-S-\ofw hfsc hy‡-ambpw

bp‡n-bpsS Hcp IWnI t]mep-an-√. ssZh-Øns‚ ]pX-s\∂v hnfn-

°-s∏-Sp∂ At±lw F¥n\v Hcn-°¬ am\p-jn-I-amb ico-c-_-‘-\-

Øn¬ \n∂pw tamNn-X-\m-bn? ho≠pw AXn-te°v Xs∂ Fs∂-t∂-

°p-ambn aSßn hcm≥ Xocp-am-\n®p? At±lw bYm¿∞-Øn¬ acn-®p-

sh∂pw ]n∂oSv Pohn-X-Øn-te°v Xncn®p h∂-Xm-sW∂pw D≈ Imcyw

kwi-bm-Xo-X-amb Hcp sXfn-hm-sW∂ \ne°v \ap-s°-ßs\ kzoI-

cn-°m-\mhpw? Hcp ]cn[n hsc B Imcy-ß-sf√mw N¿® sNbvXp-I-gn-

™p. ho≠pw Rm\-Xn¬ Du∂n-\n¬°m-\m-K-ln-°p-∂n√. hmb-\-°m-

cpsS i≤ as‰mcp ]k-‡-amb hnj-b-Øn-te°v Xncn-®p-hn-Sm≥

Rm\m-K-ln-°p-∂p.



CØ-c-Øn¬ Akw-_-‘-P-Un-e-amb Hcp Bibw InkvXob

ssZh-im-kvX-Øn¬ thcp-]n-Sn-°p-Ibpw tbip-hn-\p-tijw GXm\pw

\q‰m-≠p-Iƒ°p-≈n¬ Cu A_-≤-kn-≤m¥w ssIkvX-h-hn-izm-k-

Øns‚ s\Spw-Xq-Wmbn Fßs\ amdp-Ibpw sNbvXp? Cu kn≤m-¥-

Øns‚ A`m-h-Øn¬ apgp-h≥ InkvXp-a-Xhpw XI¿∂p Xcn-∏-W-

ambn t]mIp∂ hn[-Øn¬ Fßs\ AXn\v ]m_eyw kn≤n®p?

bmYm¿∞y-Øn¬ \n∂pw hn`n-∂-ambns°m≠v InkvXp-aXw ]p\-¿kr-

jvSn-°-s∏´ kml-NcysØ∏‰n ]Tn-°m≥ th≠n Nne ka-ky-Isf

A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®n-cp∂ BZn-a-In-kvXym-\n-I-fpsS a\- p-I-fn-te°v \mw

Cdßn-s®-t√-≠-Xp-≠v. B ka-ky-Iƒ Ah¿°v ]cn-l-cn-°m≥ km[y-

a-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Cu hgn°v InkvXp-a-XsØ cq]-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXpw cq]-

s∏-Sp-ØmsX t]mb-Xp-amb hkvXp-X-Iƒ Bg-Ønepw Ffp-∏-Ønepw

\ap°v ]Tn-°m≥ km[n-°pw. F√m-‰n-t‚bpw tIµ-_n-µp-hmbn Xpd-

∂p-Im-t´≠ G‰hpw ISp-∏-ta-dnb hkvXpX CXmWv. tbip (-ssZ-h-

Øns‚ im¥n At±-lØn\p ta¬ D≠m-h-s´) bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Ipcn-

in¬ sh®v acn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ blq-Z-cpsS IÆn¬ At±lw hy‡-

am-bpw Hcp hymP-hmZn BIp-am-bn-cp-∂p F∂-XmWv B tIµ-_n-µp.

hnip-≤¿s°-Xn-sc-bp≈ lo\-hn-a¿iw

t\csØ ]Xn-]m-Zn-®-Xp-t]mse ssZhw ]d-bm-ØXv ssZhw ]d

™p-sh∂v Hcp hymP-hmZn I‰psI´n ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Abmƒ

ac-Øn¬ Xq°-s∏Spw F∂v thZKŸ-ßƒ (ss__nƒ ]gb-\n-b-

aw) ]h-Nn-®-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm≠v tbip-hns‚, Ipcn-in¬ sh®p≈

acWw InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ ac-W-Øn\p Xpey-am-Wv. B[n-Im-cnI

blqZ kmln-Xy-ß-fn-se√mw Xs∂ tbip Ipcn-in¬ acn-®-Xn¬ Kq-

V-amb B\µw A\p-`hn°p∂Xv ImWmw. ss__n-fnse B ]tXy-

I-hn[n ]Imcw tbip I≈-hm-Zn-bm-sW∂v kwi-bm-Xo-X-ambn sXfn-

™-Xmbn At±-l-Øns‚ ka-Im-en-Icpw iXp-°-fp-amb blq-Zn-Iƒ

Icp-Xp-∂p. At±-l-tØmSp _m-ly-amX-amb _lp-am\w t]mepw

Ah¿°v \jvS-s∏-Sp-Ibpw At±-l-Øn-s\-Xnsc Atß-b‰w \nµm-I-

chpw lo\-hp-amb `mj D]-tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂p. ssZh-Øns‚

]nb-s∏´h\pw ]cn-ip≤\pw kXym-flm-hp-amb Hcp ]hm-N-I-\m-bn-

cp∂p tbip-sh∂v Rß-sft∏mse hniz-kn-°p∂ bmsXm-cmƒ°pw

hmbn-°m≥ ]‰m-Ø-bX Ak-l-\o-b-amWv Ah-cp-]-tbm-Kn® `mj.

tb-ip-hns\ Hcp Znhym-flmhpw ssZh-Øns‚ ]hm-N-I-\mIpw akolv

F∂ hnti-jW ÿm\-Øn-∂-l¿l-\mb Bƒ F∂pw Adn™ncp-



∂-h-cm-bn-cp∂p BZna InkvXym\nIƒ. CØcw \nµyamb ]tbmK-

ßƒs°Xnsc Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ \nXm-¥-amb s\mº-c-ßfpw Xoh-

amb thZ-\-Ifpw Duln-°m-hp-∂-tX-bp-≈q. C°m-eØv k¬am≥

dpjvZn Fgp-Xnb "kmØm-\nIv thgvkkv' F∂ Ip]-kn-≤-amb

]pkvXIw hmbn-°p-tºmƒ A\p-`-h-s∏-Sp∂ sshIrXw \ΩpsS

kvarXn ]Y-Øn-se-Øp∂p. CØcw `mj-s°-Xnsc BZna InkvXym-

\n-Iƒ Fß-s\-bm-bncn°mw ]Xn-I-cn-®n-cn-°pI?

CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ A\m-Z-chpw k`y-X-bn-√m-bvabpw a\p-jys‚

AKm-[-amb A[x-]-X-\m-h-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂pw kwPm-X-am-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Znhym-fl-m°sf Xnc™p]nSn®v B`m-k-I-chpw Aio-I-c-hp-amb ]pe-

`y-ßƒ°v Ipdn-am-\-am-°p-∂-h-cpsS am\-hob aqey-ßƒ°v F¥v kw`-

hn®p F∂-dn-bm≥ Xmsg sImSpØ GXm\pw D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ hmbn-®m¬

hmb-\-°m-c\v a\- n-em-hpw.

blq-Z-P-\-X-bpsS aX-]-c-amb kI-e-⁄m-\-ßfpw hnizm-k-

ßfpw hymJm-\n-°p∂ Hcp ssk≤m-¥nI ]pkvX-I-amWv "X¬aqZv'.

AXns‚ A≤ym-]\ ]Imcw tbip-hns‚ P\\w Pmc am¿§-Øn-ep-

≈-XmWv F∂v amX-a-√ tbip-hns‚ amXmhv EXp-a-Xn-bm-bn-cp-∂-t∏mƒ

]nim-Npambp-≠mb thgvNbnemWv At±lw P∑w sIm≠Xv F∂p

Fgp-Xp-∂p. ho≠pw X¬aqZv A°mcyw hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂-p≠v. tbip-

hn∂v Cukmhp (Esau) hns‚ Bflm-hm-Wp-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv; Abmƒ

Hcp hnUvVn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Hcp B`n-Pm-c-I≥, ssewKn-I-ambn hgn ]ng-

∏n-°p-∂-h-\p-am-bn-cp∂p Abmƒ. AXp-sIm≠v Abmsf Iqin®p \c-

I-Øn¬ X≈n. A\p-bm-bn-I-fm¬ Abmƒ F°m-e-tØ°pw Hcp

_nw_-ambn \m´-s∏´p. Xmsg ImWp∂ D≤-cWn dh: sF.-_n.-]m-

ss\-‰nkv Fgp-Xnb The Thalmud Unmasked (X¬aqZv apJw aqSn-bn-

√m-sX) F∂ ]pkvXI-Øn¬ \n∂pw FSp-Øn-´p-≈-Xm-Wv.

"I√mlv' (Kallah Ib (18b) F∂ eLp-te-J hnh-cn-°p∂p:

""Hcn-°¬ apXn¿∂-h¿ ]Sn-hm-Xn¬°¬ Ccn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

c≠v bphm-°ƒ IS-∂p-t]m-bn. Hcm-fpsS Xe-a-d-®n-cp-∂p. a‰-bmƒ Xe-

a-d-®n-cp-∂n√. d∫n Geok¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p, Xe ad-°m-Ø-h≥

Pmck¥m-\ambn-cp-∂p. AXm-bXv Hcp aw-avk¿ (Mumzer). d∫n

tPmjzm ]d-bp∂p: Ahs\ K¿`w [cn-®Xv B¿Øh ka-b-Øm-bn-

cp∂p. AXm-bXv "_≥ \n±mlv' (Beniddah) Bbn-cp-∂p Ah≥. d∫n

AIn-_mlv ]d-bp-∂p: "Abmƒ CXv c≠p-am-bn-cp-∂p'. CXv ]d™

DSs\ d∫n AIn-_m-lnt\mSv a‰p-≈-h¿ tNmZn-®p: "Xm¶ƒ F¥p




(1) ."The Thalmud Unmasked' by Rev. I. B. Pranaitis, Chap. I, P.30.

sIm≠v a‰p-≈-h-cn¬ \n∂pw hn`n-∂-ambn CXv ]d-bp∂p? At±lw

adp-]Sn ]d™p: "Rm≥ ]d-bp-∂Xv F¥m-sW∂v F\n°v sXfn-bn-

°m≥ km[n°pw'. N¥-bn¬ ]®-°dn hn‰p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ B sN°s‚

AΩ-bpsS ASpØv Rm≥t]m-bn-cp-∂p. Rm\-h-tfmSv ]d™p : "Fs‚

aItf, Rm≥ tNmZn-°p-∂-Xn\v \o kXy-k-‘-ambn DØcw ]d-

™m¬ ]c-tem-IØv \o c£n-°-s∏Spw.' hmKvZm\w ]men-°-W-sa∂v

At±-l-tØmSp Ahƒ Bh-iy-s∏-´ncp∂p, d∫n AIn-_mlv A]-

Imcw kΩ-Xn-®p. ]t£, At±l-Øns‚ Np≠p-I-ƒ amX-am-bn-cp∂p

AXv ]d-™Xv. Abm-fpsS lrZbw B hm-KvZm\w \ntj-[n-®n-cp∂p.

AXn-\vtijw Ah-tfmSv tNmZn®p: "C\n ]dbq, \ns‚ Cu ]pX≥

GXv Xc-Øn-¬s∏´-h-\m-Wv. AXn\v Ahƒ DØcw ]d-™p: "Rm≥

hnhmlw Ign® Znhkw B¿Ø-h-Im-cn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. CXv ImcWw Fs‚

`¿Ømhv Fs∂ hn´-I-∂n-cp∂p. ]s£ Hcp ]nimNv Fs‚ Acn-In¬

hcn-Ibpw Ft∂m-sSm∏w ibn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu thgvN-bn-emWv

F\n°v Ch≥ P\n-®Xv' Aß-s\-bmWv Cu bphmhv Pmc-\m-sW∂v

amX-a√ B¿Ø-h-Im-cn-bm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ P\n-®-h-\pamWv F∂v sXfn-

™-Xv. d∫n-tbmSv tNmZyw tNmZn® Bfp-Iƒ CXv tI´-t∏mƒ H∂-

S¶w ]Jym-]n-®p. ""d∫n AIn-_mlv alm-\mWv, At±lw Xs‚

]q¿∆n-Isc kXy-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p-∂p'. Ah¿ B›-cy-s∏-´p. "tPmk-

^ns‚, aIs\∏‰n clkyw shfn-s∏-Sp-Ønb Ckm-tb-ens‚ ssZh-

Øn\v kvXpXn-bm-bn-cn-°s´!''

blq-Z¿ \ΩpsS c£-I\mb ""tbip-hns\∏‰nbpw At±-l''-

Øns‚ amXmhv adn-bsb∏‰nbpw a\- n-em-°nb P\\ IY Ah-cpsS

'sXm¬ ZmØv tPjzm' (Toldath Jescha = tbip-hns‚ Xe-apd)' F∂

]pkvX-I-Ønepw CtX hm°p-I-fn¬ Xs∂ (1) hnh-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.

alm-\mb tbip-hns‚ hnip≤ \ma-Øn\pw ]Xn-Omb°pw ta¬

At±-ltØmSv sImSpw]I-bp≈ iXp-°ƒ hmcn-sb-dn™ sI´p-\m-

dp∂ amen-\y-ßƒs°-Xnsc a\p-jy-\n-ep≈ am\yX ]Xn-tj-[n-°m-

Xn-cn-°n-√. Xo¿®-bmbpw tbip-hns\ K¿`w [cn-®Xv Nmcn-Xyh-Xnbpw

hnip≤ I\y-I-bp-amb adn-b-am-Wv. \ΩpsS ssZh-Øn-s‚, ]ncn-[n-bn-

√mØ krjvSn eoe-I-f-√msX as‰m∂pw Xs∂ tbip-hns‚ K¿`-[m-

c-WØn¬ kw`-hn-®n-´n-√. EXp-a-Xn-bm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ ]nim-Np-ambn

thg vN - \ -SØn K¿`n -Wn -bmbn F∂ ]cm -a¿iw IqSp -X¬

\∂mbnt®cpI ]I-bpsS K¿`w [cn-°p∂ a\- p-Iƒ°mWv. IjvSw!


hnip-≤m-flm-°-fpsS [¿Ω ]Xv\n-amsc°pdn®v amX-a√ Ah-cpsS hnip-

≤amXm-°ƒs°Xn-scbpw at\m-ssh-IrXw _m[n®hcpsS \mhpw

Xqen-Ibpw hnjhpw amen-\yhpw Hgp-°p-I-bm-Wv. CØcw NnØ-tcm-

Kn-Iƒ c≠m-bncw h¿jw-apºv Pohn-®n-cp-∂-h-cm-I-s´, ka-Im-eo\

temIØv Pohn-®n-cn-°p-∂-h-cm-Is´ Ah¿ XΩn¬ bmsXmcp hyXym-

k-hp-an-√. \mhn-t‚bpw t]\-bp-sSbpw kzmX-¥y-Øns‚ t]cn¬

CØcw arKo-bXbv° t\sc B[p-\nI \mK-cnI kaq-l-ßƒ°v Fß-

s\-bmWv IÆ-S-°m≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xv F∂ Imcyw A¤p-X-Icw Xs∂.

DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v Ckvem-an-s‚, Xncp-Zq-X-cpsS [¿Ω-]-Xv\n-am¿s°-

Xnsc k¬am≥ dpjvZn D]-tbm-Kn® `mj°v kam-\-amWv InkvXp-

hns‚ ]cn-ip≤ amXm-hn-s\-Xn-scbpw ]tbm-Kn-®n-´p≈ `mj.

kt\µn-\nepw (Sanhedrin) CØcw hnh-c-W-ap≠v 67 a.

"ep±n¬ sh®v ÃmUbpsS aI-t\mSv Ah¿ CXv Xs∂-bmWv sNbv

XXv. s]k-lm-bpsS Xte∂v Ah¿ Ahs\ Xq°n-s°m-∂p. ÃmU-

bpsS Cu ]pX≥ ]m¥n-d-bpsS ]pX-\m-bn-cp∂p. d∫n NkvZbpsS

hm°p-Iƒ ]Imcw ]m¥nd ÃmU-bpsS `¿Øm-hm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah\pw

Ahs‚ amXmhpw blq-Z-bpsS aI-\p-amb ]m]qkn (Paphus)s‚ Ime-

ØmWv Pohn-®n-cp-∂Xv!'

Thalmud Unmasked (X¬aqZv apJw aqSn-bn-√m-sX) F∂ KŸ-

Øns‚ I¿Ømhmb sF.-_n. ]ssW-‰nkv ta¬ hN-\-Øn\v C]-

Imcw hymJym-\-sa-gp-Xn:

"CXns‚ A¿∞w Cu adnbw ÃmU-sb∂v hnfn-°-s∏- n-cp-∂ Hcp-

thiy-bm-bn-cp-∂p F∂m-Wv. ImcWw ]p_-Sn-X-bn¬ sh®v Ahƒ°v

]Tn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv ]Imcw Ah-fpsS `¿Øm-hns\ Dt]-£n-®p-sIm≠v

hy`n-Nmcw \S-Ønbncp-∂p. CXv sPdp-sktew X¬aq-Znepw sabvtam-

\n-Znepw (Maimonides) tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.'

"CØcw ss]im-Nn-I-amb If-hp-I-fn¬ hniz-kn-°p-∂-h¿ hºn®

shdpt∏m AtXm kl-Xm-]tam GXmWv A¿ln-°p-∂-X,v F\n-

s°m∂pw ]d--bm≥ km[n-°p-∂n√ (Thalmud Unmasked - Rev. I.B.Pranaitis)

Xs‚ G‰hpw ]nb-¶-c-\mb bP-am-\≥ `m¥-amb ]cn-lm-k-

Øn\v hnt[-b-am-b-t∏mƒ hWnX NnØ\pw \n -lm-b-\p-amb Hcm-

fpsS lrZ-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw Db¿∂ thZ\ \nd™ hnem-]-amWv CXv.



BZna InkvXym-\n-Iƒ A°m-esØ blq-Zn-I-fpsS ]cn-lm-k-ß-fm¬

Xoh-amb ZpxJ-ß-fpw \mc-Iob A\p-`-h-ßfpw kln-°p-I-bp-≠mbn.

ISpØ iIm-c-hm-°p-Iƒ Ah¿ kln-®p. GtXm hnZq-c-`q-X-Im-eØv

hnkvar-X-\mb Hcmsf°pdn-®m-bn-cp-∂n√ B iIm-c-hm-°p-Iƒ; Ah-

tcm-sSm∏w Pohn-°p-Ibpw, Ah-cp-ambn ]¶n´ tNtXm-lc kvac-W-

Iƒ \nd™p \n¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvX Hcp alm-hy-‡nsb°pdn-®m-bn-

cp-∂p. Ah-cm¬ AKm-[-ambn kvt\ln-°-s∏´ Ah-cpsS ]nbs∏´

Kpcphns\°pdn-®m-bn-cp-∂p B iIm-c-hm-°p-Iƒ. Ah¿ c≠v hn[-Øn¬

]oUn-X-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS lrZ-bsØ hW-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv tbip-

hns\ kw_-‘n® lo\-amb ]cn-lm-k-ßƒ amX-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. hnNm-

cW thf-bnepw Iqin®p sIm√m≥ ian-®-t∏mgpw At±lw kln®

`’-\-ßƒ Ah-cpsS hWnX NnØsØ IqSp-X¬ thZ-\n-∏n-®p. CØ-

c-Øn¬ a\p-tjym-Nn-X-a-√m-Ø, PpKp-]vkm-h-l-amb mj D]-tbm-Kn®p

apkvenwI-fpsS ]nb-s∏´ hnip≤ ]hm-N-I-t\bpw At±-l-Øns‚

A\p-bm-bn-I-tfbpw FXn¿°ptºmƒ, Ah-cpsS ]cn-ip-≤-I¿Øm-

hns\ hna¿in-°p-tºm-gp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ H´pw Ipd-bmØ

coXnbn¬ tImSn°W°n\v apkvenwIfpw Xo¿®bmbpw thZ-\n-°p∂p

F∂v ]m›mXy temIsØ ssIkvXh kaqlw a\- n-em-°m≥ ian-

°-W-sa∂v Rm\m-K-ln-°p-∂p.

blq-Zn-Iƒ Al¶mc]q¿∆w Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂Xv t]mse, tbip-

Ip-cn-in¬ sh®v acn-®n-cp-∂n-√. Ipcniv kw`h-Øn\p-ti-jhpw At±lw

Pohn-®n-cp-∂p-sh-∂p-≈Xn\v- A\p- -h-]-c-amb Adnhpw A-\n-tj-[y-amb

sXfn-hp-Ifpw BZna InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS ]°-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n´pw Cu

\nµ Ah¿ G‰p-hm-ßn. Ah¿ kzbw Xs∂ tbiphns‚ apdn-hp-Iƒ

NnIn-’n-®p. At±-l-Øns‚ icocw Ah¿°v ssIam-dn-b-Xn¬ ]ns∂

A¤p-X-I-c-amb coXn-bn¬ AKm-[-amb At_m-[m-h-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂pw

tbip kpJw ]m]n-°p-∂Xv Ah¿ kz¥w IÆp-sIm≠v t\m°n-°-

≠p. AXv `qX cq]-Øntem t]X-cq-]-Øntem Bbn-cp-∂n-√. km[m-

cW a\p-jy-i-co-c-tØmSpIqSnØs∂. kXy-Øn-\p-th≠n kap-÷z-

e-amb XymK-ßƒ hcn® AtX Zp¿_eamb a\pjyicoctØmSp

IqSnØs∂ At±lw ac-WsØ AXn-Po-hn-®p. Ah¿ At±-l-tØmSv

kwkm-cn-®p. At±-l-tØm-sSm∏w `£Ww Ign-®p. Ipcniv kw`hw

\S∂ ÿeØv \n∂pw cmhp-tXmdpw cl-ky-am¿§-Øn¬ At±lw

ASn-sh-®-Sn-sh®v \oßp-∂Xpw Ah¿ I≠p.

kz¿§m-tcm-lWw (Ascension)]p\-cp-÷o-h-\tam ]p\-cp-∞m-\tam?


tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ kz¿§m-tcm-l-W-hn-jbw aØm-bnbpw,

tbml∂m\pw Ah-cpsS kphn-ti-j-ß-fn¬ ]c-am¿in®n- n-√. AØcw

Hcp ]c-a-]-[m-\-kw-`-h-Øns‚ ]Xn-]m-Z-\-an-√m-ØXv F¥p-sIm-≠m-

sW∂ Imcyw Btcbpw A¤p-X-s∏-Sp-Øpw. kam-\-kp-hn-ti-j-ß-

fn¬* (kn-t\m-]v-‰n°v kphn-ti-j-ßƒ) am¿t°mkpw(1) eqt°mkpw

(2) amX-amWv kz¿§m-tcm-l-W-sØ-]‰n ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv. Cub-Sp-

Ø-Im-eØv \S∂ imkvXo-bhpw ]fin-tXm-Nn-Xhpamb Kth-j-W-

ßƒ sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xv Cu c≠p kphn-ti-j-ß-fnepw ImWp∂ Cu

]cm-a¿i-ßƒ ]n¬°m-eØv Iqń-tN¿°-s∏´ ]£n-]vX-ß-fm-sW-

∂mWv. aqe-K-Ÿ-Øn¬ Cu hN-\-ß-fn-√.

ss__nƒ ]gb \nb-ahpw ]pXnb \nb-ahpw H∂n®v GI-tZiw

]q¿Æamb \ne-bn¬ Is≠-Ønb G‰hpw ]g-°-ta-dnb B[n-Im-cnI

KŸ-amWv tImUIvkv kn\n-bm-‰n-°kv ** (Codex Siniaticus) kz¿Km-

tcm-l-W-sØ-]‰n am¿t°mkpw eqt°mkpw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb hN-\-

ßƒ tImUIvkv kn\n-bm-‰n-Ivkn¬ C√ F∂v B KŸw Xs∂

km£yw hln-°p∂p. ]n¬°m-eØv GsX-¶nepw Fgp-Øp-Im¿

(Scribe) kz¥w \ne°v AXn¬ Iqńt®¿Ø-Xm-bn-cn°pw ]kvXpX

hN-\-ßƒ. tImUIvkv kn\n-bm-‰n-°-kn¬ am¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-

* kam-\-kp-hn-ti-j-ßƒ: Synoptic Gospels: aØmbn am¿t°m-kv, eqt°mkvF∂o aq∂v kphn-ti-j-ß-sf-bmWv C]-Imcw hnfn-°p-I. ][m-\-kw-`-h-ßƒ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xn¬ Cu aq∂p kphn-ti-j-ß-fnepw hf-sc-tbsd kmay-X-bp-≈XvsIm≠mWv Cßs\ hnfn-°p-∂Xv. ˛ tbml∂m≥ CXn¬s∏-Sp-∂n-√. knt\m-]v‰nIvF∂ Ko°v hm°ns‚ A¿∞w Syn: Hcp-an®v Opsis ImWpI ˛ ka-ho-£Ww F∂va\- n-em-°mw. (hnh :)

(1) ""Ah-tcmSv kwkm-cn®v Ign-™-tijw I¿Øm-hmb tbip kz¿§-Øn-te°vFSp-°-s∏- p. Ah≥ AhnsS ssZh-Øns‚ he-Xp-h-iØv D]-hn-jvS-\m-bn.'' (am¿t°mkv: 16:19).

(2) "Ahsc Bio¿h-Zn®psIm≠n-cnt° Ah≥ Ahsc hn´p-]n-cn-™p. kz¿§-Øn-te°v FSp-°-s∏-´p.' (24:50-˛51).

** tImUIvkv kn\n-bm-‰n-°kv: IS-emkv I≠p-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xn\v apºv ]pcm-X-\-Im-eØv sagp-Ip-]p-c-ńb ac-tØm-en-em-bn-cp∂p KŸ-ß-fpsS Isø-gp-Øp-]-Xn-IƒFgpXn kq£n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. C]-Imcw Fgp-Xn-t°m¿Øn-W-°nb ]pkvX-I-ßsfbmWvtImUIvkv F∂p hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. "tImUIvkv kn\n-bm-‰nIvkv' BWv G‰hpw ]pcm-X-\-amb ss__nƒ IrXn. Ko°v mj-bn¬ 4˛mw \q‰m-≠n-emWv CXv Fgp-X-s∏- -Xv. P¿Ω≥]ptcm-ln-X-\m-bn-cp∂ tIm¨Ã‚-bn≥ thm¨ Sokvj≥tUm¿^v (Konstantin VonTischendorf 1815-1874) ko\m ]¿∆-X-Øns‚ (Mount Sinai) ASn-hm-c-Øn-ep-ff HcpsamWm-kvSn-bn¬ \n∂mWv Cu IrXn Is≠-Sp-Ø-Xv. ko\m-]¿∆-X-Øns‚ ASn-`m-KØp \n∂pw Is≠-Sp-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠mWv tImUIvkv kn\n-bm-‰n°kvv F∂p t]cv h∂-Xv. 1933-˛¬ _nójv Kh¨sa‚ v djy-bn¬ \n∂pw Hcp e£w ]u≠n\v AXv hne°vhmßn _nójv ayqkn-b-Ønse ]Z¿i-\-ti-J-c-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. (hnh:)



tijw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂Xv 16-˛mw A≤ymbw 8˛mw hN-\-tØm-sS-bm-Wv.

Cu hkvXpX Nne B[p-\nI ss__nƒ ]Xn-∏p-I-fn¬ hy‡-ambn

]Xn-]m-Zn-®n-´p≠v. (1) eqt°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-j-Ønse "kz¿§-Øn-

te°v FSp-°-s∏´p' F∂ hN\w tImUIvkv kn\n-bm-‰n-°-kn¬

ImWp-∂n-√*.

kn.-F-kv.-kn. hn√ywkv F∂ ss_-_nƒ hna¿i-Is‚ A`n-]m-

b-]-Imcw tImUIvkv kn\n-bm-‰n-°kn¬ hn´p-t]m-bXv icn-bm-sW-

¶n¬ kz¿§m-tcm-l-W-sØ∏‰n aqe-Ir-Xn-bn¬ a‰p bmsXmcp ]cm-a¿i-

hp-an-√.(2) tbip-hns‚ ]pXXzhpw ]nXm-hn-te-°p≈ kz¿§m-tcm-l-

Whpw G‰hpw i‡n-bmbn hmZn-°p∂ btlmh km£n-Iƒ t]mepw

aqe-Ir-Xn-bn¬ C√mØXmWv am¿t°m-kv, eqt°mkv kphn-ti-j-

ßfnse Cu hN-\-ß-sf∂v BXy-¥n-I-ambn kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p.(3)

tbip-hns‚ ico-c-Øn\v F¥pkw -hn®p?

C∂sØ InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ Iqio-I-cWw,

kz¿§m-tcm-lWw F∂o D]m-Jym-\-ßsf bp‡n-bp-tSbpw kmam-\y-

_p-≤n-bp-tSbpw ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ kq£va-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ Ah-

bn¬ IqSp-X¬ \nc¿∞-I-amb Imcy-ßƒ AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn

ImWmw. tbiphns‚ a\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn-te-°p≈ Xncn-®p-h-c-hn-s\-∏‰n

th≠p-thmfw ]Xn-]m-Zn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. tbip A¥n-a-ambn kz¿§m-tcm-

lWw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ At±-l-Øns‚ ico-c-Øn\v F¥v kw`-

hn®p F∂ Imcy-sa-Sp-Øm¬ amXw aXn CXv hy‡-am-hm≥.

tbip-hns‚ ico-c-Øn\v F¥v kw`-hn-®p F∂ tNmZysØ A`n-

ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ Nne InkvXym-\n-Iƒ ]d-bm-dp-≈Xv, InkvXp-hns‚

(1) The Holy Bible : New International Version (1984) by - Interna-tional Bible Society.

* kn.-F¬.-B¿. skmssk‰n, Hmim\m au≠,v FSa‰w, tIm´bw ]kn-≤o-I-

cn® ae-bmfw ss__n-fnepw (sk-]v‰w-_¿ 2000) eqt°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-j-Øn¬

24:51 hN-\-Øn\v sImSpØ ASn-°p-dn-∏n¬ Cßs\ ImWmw. "kz¿§-Øn-te°v FSp-

°-s∏´p' F∂v Nne ssIsø-gpØp ]Xn-I-fn¬ ImWp-∂n√' F∂p tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-

cn-°p-∂p. AXp-t]mse ss__nƒ skmssk‰n Hm^v C¥y B‚ v kntem¨,

_mw•q¿ ]kn-≤o-I-cn® (1963) ss__n-fnepw "kz¿§m-tcm-lWw sNbvXp' F∂ mKw

aqe-Ir-Xn-bn-en√mØXv sIm≠m-bn-cn°mw _m°-‰nemWv sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂Xv (hnh:)

(2) The Secrets of Mount Sinai, the story of finding the world's oldestBible Codex Siniaticus by - James Bently P. 131.

(3) New World Translation]p\-cp-÷o-h-\tam ]p\-cp-∞m-\tam?


ÿqe icocw Hcp ]Im-i-tØmsS hnL-S-\-Øn\p hnt[-b-ambn A]-

Xy-£-am-hp-Ibpw kz¿§-ÿ-\mb Xs‚ ]nXm-hn-te°v Itc-dp-Ibpw

sNbvXp F∂m-Wv. CXv auen-I-amb Hcp ]iv\w Db¿Øp-∂p. Xs‚

ÿqe ico-c-Øn¬ \n∂p-ap≈ Hgn-™p-t]m-°ns‚ ê-ambn CX

henbv kvt^mS\w kw`-hn-®p-sh-¶n¬ F¥p-sIm≠v Cu ]Xn-`mkw

At±-l-Øns‚ BZysØ ac-W-k-a-bØv kw`-hn-®n√? Ipcn-in¬

Xqßn-°n-S-°p∂ tbip-hns‚ ac-W-sØ∏-‰n-bp≈ Htc-sbmcp ]cm-

a¿iw aØm-bn-bpsS hm°p-I-fn¬ ImWp-∂Xv C]-Im-c-am-Wv. "Dds°

\ne-hn-fn®p ]mWs\ hn´p' F∂v. ico-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw km[m-cW

t]mse Bflm-hns‚ th¿s]S-e-√msX as‰m∂pw kw`-hn-®n-ń√ F∂v

ChnsS hy‡-am-Wv. tbip-hns‚ icocw Hcp ]Imi hnkvt^m-S-\-

tØmsS A]-Xy-£-am-ImØXv ImcWw At±lw Ipcn-in¬ sh®v

acn-®n-ń√ F∂v \ap°v Duln-®pIqtS? F¥p-sIm≠v tbip Xs‚

ico-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw c≠mw XhW tamNn-X-\m-b-t∏mƒ amXw Cßs\

kw`-hn®p? Cu kml-N-cy-Øn¬ ct≠ c≠v hgn-I-fn-eqsS amXta

\ap°v apt∂m-´p-t]mIm≥ km[y-am-Iq.

1 ˛ H∂m-asØ hgn C]-Im-c-amWv: tbip-hns‚ Bflmhv ico-

c-Øn-te°v Xncn-®p-h-∂-Xn-\p-tijw (Ipcn-in¬ a--cn-®pIgn™p≈

Dbn¿∏n\v tijw) ico-c-Øn¬ imiz-X-ambn \ne-\n-∂n-ń-√. kz¿§m-

tcm-lW kµ¿ -Øn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ icocw Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw ip≤-

amb Bflm-hm-bn-s°m≠v ssZh-Øn-te°v Itc-dp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

CXv hkvXp-X-Iƒ°v \nc-°p-∂tXm Kln-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂tXm

A√. ImcWw tbip c≠v XhW acn®p F∂ aqV-hn-izm-k-Øns‚

A‘-amb ]mX-bn-te-°mWv AXv \sΩ \bn-°p-∂-Xv. BZy-X-hW

Ipcn-inepw c≠mw XhW kz¿§m-tcm-lW thf-bnepw!

2 ˛ c≠m-asØ hgn: a\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn-¬ Xs∂ tbip imiz-X-

ambn \ne-\n-∂ncp-∂p-sh-∂-Xm-Wv.

ssZh-Øns‚ al-Xz-Øn-\pw, ]Xm-]-Øn\pw A\p-tbm--Py-a-√m-

ØXpw Ahs\ kw_-‘n®v Ad-∏p-≠m-°p-∂-Xp-amb Cu k¶¬∏w

Hcn-°epw AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ km[y-a-√.

as‰m-cp-X-c-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬ kmam-\y-_p-≤n-bp-sS-Xmb ImgvN-

∏m-SmWv \ap-°p-≈-Xv. AXm-bXv "]pcm-X\ ImesØ _ln-cm-Im-i-

bm-Xm-k-¶¬∏w t]mse a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn¬ ]‰nb Hcp ]am-Z-am-bn-

cn-°Ww tbip-hns‚ kz¿§m-tcm-l-W-I-Y. BImiw F∂Xv kqcy\pw

Nµ-\pw, Kme-Ivkn°pw AI-se-bp≈ Hcp ÿe-amWv F∂v Ah¿



sX‰n-≤-cn-®p.1 kXyw C∏d™sXm∂p-a√. ]n¬°m-eØv InkvXp-a-

X-Øns‚ cq]o-I-c-W-th-f-bn¬ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®Xpw DØcw \¬Im≥

km[n-°m-ØXp-amb ]tl-fn-I-Iƒ°v ]Xn-hn-[n-sb-t∂m-W-am-bn-cn-

°Ww AØcw sI´p-I-Y-Iƒ Bhn¿ -hn-°m≥ Imc-Ww. tbip ZrjvSn-

bn¬ \n∂pw A]-Xy-£-\m-b-t∏mƒ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw ]n∂oSv At±-

l-Øn\v F¥v kw`-hn®p F∂ tNmZyw Db¿∂p-h-∂n-´p-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.

At±-l-Øns‚ icocw AhnsS C√m-ØXv ImcWw tbip acn-®n-cp-

∂n√ F∂v ]N-cn-∏n®v Cu ]iv\-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xe-bq-cm≥ BZna

InkvXym-\n-Iƒ ian-®n-cp-∂n-√. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Xs‚ ico-c-tØm-

sSm∏w At±lw Zqsc Zn°p-I-fn-te°v \S-∂p-\o-ßp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu

bYm¿∞ kwKXn ]d™v icocw AhnsS ImWm-Xm-bXv kw_-‘n®

]iv\w ]cn-l-cn-°m-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£ Ah¿°v Cu hmkvXhw ]d-

bm≥ km[y-a-√m-bn-cp-∂p. tbip PpZn-bm-bn¬ \n∂pw hnZq-c-Zn-°p-I-fn-

te°v k©-cn-°p-∂Xv I≠-Xmbn kΩ-Xn-°p∂ ]£w \oXn-]o-T-

Øns‚ in£-bn¬ \n∂pw c£-s∏´ Hcp A]-cm-[nsb klm-bn-°p-

∂-bmƒ F∂ \ne°v tdma≥ \nbaw AhcpsS taepw Ip‰w hn[n-t®-

°ptam F∂v Ah¿ `b-s∏-´n-´p-≠m-hpw.

Bibw FX-Xs∂ hnNn-X-am-bn-cp-∂mepw tbip-hns‚ kz¿§m-

tcm-l-W-IY Ah¿°v tNmZy-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw c£-s∏-Sm-\p≈ kpc-

£n-X-amb Hcp t]mwh-gn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£ AXn¬ Ahm-kvXhw

Ie¿∂n-cp-∂p. tLmc-amb kml-N-cy-Ønepw AØcw Ak-Xy-]-

kvXm-h-ß-fn¬ A`bw tXSm-Xn-cp∂ tbip-hns‚ BZy-Ime injy-

∑m-cpsS kXy-k-‘-X°v apºn¬ \mw \ΩpsS BZ-c-ßƒ A¿∏n-t°-

≠-Xp-≠v. hymP-]-kvXm-h-\-Iƒ \SØn ]pI-a-d-°p-≈n¬ A`bw tXSp-

∂-Xn\v ]Icw F√m kphn-ti-j-I-∑mcpw Cu hnj-b-Øn¬ au\w

]men-°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. iXp-°-fpsS Xo£vW-amb ]cn-lm-k-h-

N-\-ßƒ BZna InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Xo¿®-bmbpw kln-®n-´p-≠mhpw.

]t£ Ah¿ au\w ]men-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv.

tbiphns‚ A]-Xy-£-am-I-ense B¥-c-c-l-ky-ß-f-dn-bp-∂-h-

cpsS `mKØv \n∂p≈ \nKq-Vm-fl-I-amb Cu au\-amWv ]n¬°me

InkvXob Xe-ap-d-I-fn¬ kwi-b-Øns‚ hnØv hnX-°m≥ Imc-Ww.

tbip-hns‚ Bflmhv ico-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw th¿s]-´-Xn-\p-tijw At±-

l-Øns‚ ico-csØ kw_-‘n®v bmsXmcp ]cm-a¿ihpw F¥p-

sIm≠v D≠m-bn√ F∂Xv kw_-‘n®v Ah¿ A¤p-X-s∏-´n-´p-≠m-h-

Ww. B icocw FhnsS? AXn\v F¥v kw`-hn®p? B ico-c-Ønse

1. The Lion Hand book of Christian Belief, Lion, London (1982) P. 120



tbip-hns‚ Bflmhv ho≠pw Xncn-®p-h-s∂-¶n¬ F¥p-sIm≠v AXv

AtX ico-c-Øn¬ Xs∂ h∂p-tN¿∂p? Cu tNmZyw \n¿Æm-b-Ihpw

DØ-c-an-√m-Ø-Xp-amb a‰-t\Iw tNmZy-ß-fp-b¿Øp-∂p. AtX-]q¿∆-

i-co-c-Øn-te°v Xs∂-bp≈ aS-°-amWv ]p\-cp-∞m-\-sa-¶n¬ c≠m-

aXpw B ÿq-e-i-co-c-Øn¬ _‘-\-ÿ-\mbXn\p-tijw tbip-In-

kvXp-hn\v F¥mWv kw`-hn-®Xv? At±lw imiz-X-\mbn ]kvXpX

ico-c-Øn¬ _‘-\-ÿ-\mtbm? Hcn-°epw B ico-c-Øn¬ \n∂pw

tamN-\-ant√?

adn®v, acn® tbip-hns‚ Bflmhv ho≠pw ico-c-Øn¬ \n∂p

hn´p-t]m-bn-´p-s≠-¶n¬ ]p\-cp-∞m\w imiz-X-am-bn-cp-∂pthm AtXm

Xm¬°m-en-Itam? At±-lw ico-c-Øn¬ _‘-\-ÿ-\m-bn-cp∂nń-s√-

¶n¬ At±-l-Øns‚ c≠mw ac-W-Øn-\p-tijw ico-c-Øn\v F¥p

kw`-hn-®p? Fhn-sS-bmWv AXv AS°w sNbvXXv? GsX-¶nepw

]pcmtcJIfntem ]pcm-hr-Ø-ß-fntem AXv kw_-‘n® tcJ-I-fp-

t≠m?

BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬ CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ tNmZy-ßƒ Db¿∂p h∂n-

s√-¶nepw tbip-hns‚ ]tl-fn-Isb kw_-‘n®pw At±-lsØ

kw_-‘n-®pap≈ F√m tNmZy-ßƒ°pw InkvXy≥ sshZn-I-∑m¿

XmXzn-I-amb hni-Zo-I-c-W-ß-fp-ambn a¬∏n-SpØw \S-Øn-b-Xn\v

]n¬°me \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ km£yw hln-®-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. tbip-

hns‚ ico-c-Øn\v F¥v kw`-hn®p F∂-Xn-s\-]-‰n-bp≈ Cu tNmZy-

ß-fn¬ \n∂pw Xe-bq-cm≥ tbip BIm-i-tØ°v ki-cocw Db¿∂p-

t]m-Ip-∂Xv I≠p-sh∂v am¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ Ah-km-

\sØ ]¥≠v hN-\-ßƒ bmsXmcp a\- m-£n-°p-Øp-an-√msX

IrXn-a-ambn Fgp-Øp-Im¿ Fgp-Xn-t®¿ØXm-Wv. F∂n´v tbip-hns‚

kz¿§m--tcm-lWw Ah-km-\-ambn I≠p F∂ ]kvXmhw am¿t°m-

kns‚ kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ t]cn¬ hymP-ambn Btcm-

]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Iqń-t®¿∏p-Iƒ eqt°m-kns‚ kphn-ti-j-

tØbpw shdpsX hnń-√. AXn¬ Ah¿ "kz¿§-Øn-te°v FSp-°-

s∏´p' (eq°v: 24:51) F∂ `mKw hfsc X¥-]q¿∆w Fgp-Xn-t®¿Øp.

C]-Imcw tbip-hns\ kw_-‘n-®p≈ F√m tNmZy-ßƒ°pw Fs∂-

t∂-°p-ambn AdpXn-h-cp-Øn. Npcp-°-Øn¬ InkvXp-aXsØ Ae-ń-

bn-cp∂ Cusbmcp ]tl-fnI C]-Imcw ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-´p. F∂m¬

Atlm, ]cn-Xm-]-Icw! F¥v hne-bmWv Ah¿ AXn\v \¬In-bXv?

tbip-hns‚ bYm¿∞ Pohn-XsØ kw_-‘n® G‰hpw ]hn-Xamb

hkvXp-X-Isf _en-I-gn-®p-sIm-≠mWv Ah¿ Cu IrXyw \n¿∆-ln-®-

Xv. sI´p-I-Y-I-fpsS _en-th-Zn-bn¬ tbip-hns‚ kXyßƒ tlman-



°-s∏-´p. A∂p apX¬ InkvXp-aXw AXns‚ kXy-Øn¬ \n∂v sI´p-

I-Y-I-fn-te-°p≈ A]-Xn-tcm-[yhpw AXn-\n-in-X-hp-amb ]cn-Wma

apt∂‰w XpS¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p.

\ap°v Xo¿®-bmbpw Adnbmw tbip-hns‚ icocw ImWm-Ø-

Xn¬ blq-Zn-Iƒ Ak-¥p-jvScpw Akz-ÿ-cp-am-bn-cp∂p (1) tbip

acn®p F∂-Xn\v ]q¿Æ-amb sXfnhv Ah¿°v Bh-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p.

CXn-∂mbn k¿∆mw-Ko-Ir-X-amb Hcp sXfnhv Ah¿°v th≠-Xp-≠v.

AXv At±-l-Øns‚ arX-i-co-c-Øns‚ km∂n-≤y-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]nem-

tØm-kns‚ apºn¬ blq-Zn-Iƒ ka¿∏n® ]cm-Xn-bn¬ tbip A]-

Xy-£-\mIpw F∂ òXn Ah¿ ]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp∂p (2)

G‰hpw kXy-k-‘hpw efn-X-hp-amb DØ-c-an-Xm-Wv. Fßs\-

bm-bn-cp-∂mepw C∂v hym]-I-ambn hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-t]mse tbip

Ipcn-in¬ acn-®nń√ F∂ kXy-amWv \ap°v a\- n-em-hp-∂-Xv. AXp-

sIm≠v icocw Fhn-sS-t∏mbn F∂ tNmZyw XnI®pw A]-k-‡-

amWv.

"Ckm-tb¬ Krl-Ønse ImWmsX t]mb BSpI-fpsS ASp-

°-te°v Rm≥ t]mIpw' F∂ tbip-hns‚ hmKvZm\w ]men-°m≥

th≠n At±lw PqZnb hntS-≠-Xp-≠v. Xo¿®-bmbpw At±lw ]n∂oSv

AhnsS ImW-s∏-Sm≥ km[y-X-bn-√.

AlvaZnøm ho£Ww

tbip-hns‚ ico-cØn\v F¥v kw`-hn®p F∂-Xns\∏‰n-bp≈

AlvaZnøm ho£Ww hfsc hy‡-hpw, bp‡n-]-c-hpw, hkvXp-Xm-

]-c-hp-am-Wv. tbip-hn∂v F¥v kw`-hn®p F∂ Imcyw AXns‚ al-

Xz-Øns‚ ]cn-th-j-tØmsS kXy-Øns‚ shfn-®-Øn¬ AlvaZnøm

(1) Ah¿ bmX-bm-b-t∏m-ƒ Imh¬°m-cn¬ Nne¿ \K-c-Øn¬ sN∂p kw`-hn-®-sX√mw apJy-]p-tcm-ln-Xsc Adn-bn-®p. Ah¿ aq∏∑msc hnfn-®p-Iqń Btem-Nn-®-tijw ]S-bm-fn-Iƒ°p hf-sc-tbsd ]Ww sImSp-Øn´p ]d™p: ""cmXn-bn¬ RßƒDd-ßn-b-t∏mƒ Ahs‚ injy-∑m¿ h∂v Ahs\ tamjvSn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]mbn'' F∂pP\-ß-tfmSp ]d-bp-I. CXv tZim-[n-Im-cn-bpsS sNhn-bn¬ FØn-bm¬ Rßƒ Abmsfkzm[o-\n-®p-sIm-≈mw. \nßƒ°v D]-Zhw D≠m-ImsX t\m°n-s°m-≈p-Ibpw sNømw.Ah¿ ]Ww hmßn \n¿t±-in-®-Xp-t]mse ]h¿Øn-®p. ˛ Cu IY Ct∂mfw blq-Z-cpsS CS-bn¬ ]N-cn-®p-t]m-cp-∂p. (aØm: 28:11.15)

(2) ""ASp-Ø-Zn-hkw AXm-bXv Hcp-°-\m-fns‚ ]nt‰∂v apJy-]p-tcm-ln-X-∑mcpw

^cn-tk-bcpw HØp-tN¿∂p ]nem-tØm-kns\ kao-]n®p ]d-™p: "bP-am-\-t\, B

h©-I≥ Pohn-®n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ ""aq∂p Znh-k-Øn-\p-tijw Rm≥ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬°pw''

F∂v ]d-™Xv Rßƒ Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ aq∂mw Znhkw hsc ih-Ip-So-c-

Øn\v Imh¬ G¿s∏-Sp-Øm≥ DØ-c-hm-IWw' (a-Ømbn: 27:58-˛62).



]ÿm\w Ah-X-cn-∏n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. tbip-hns\∏-‰n-bp≈ bmYm¿∞yw

G‰hpw lrZ-b-lm-cn-bm-Wv. CXn-lm-k-Øns‚ IrXna ]cn-th-j-ßƒ

At±-l-Øns‚ ta¬ AWn-bn-t°-≠-Xn-√. ]m]-]-¶n-e-amb a\p-jy-

k-ap-Zm-b-Øn\pth≠n PohnXw apgp-h≥ At±lw A\p`-hn® ISpØ

bmX-\-Iƒ Ah-km\w Iqio-I-c-W-Øn¬ h∂p-\n¬°p-∂p. Ipcn-in¬

\n∂pw At±-lØns‚ tamN-\hpw AXns\ XpS¿∂v ImWmsX t]mb

]Øv Ck-tb¬ tKmXßsftØSn-bp≈ bmXbpw ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-

I\pw Icp-Wm-\n-[n-bp-amb ssZh-Øns‚ hmKvZm-\-a-\p-k-cn-®p-≈-XmWv.

AXm-bXv Iqio-I-c-W-Øn\v apºv At±lw ssZhn-I-k-tµ-i-ßƒ

t]jWw sNbvXn-cp∂ c≠v Ck-tbeo tKmX-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ amX-

a√, ]pdØv ]hm-kn-I-fmbn°gn-™n-cp∂ _m°n ]Øv tKmX-ß-

fnepw ssZhn-I-k-tµiw FØn-t°≠ Npa-Xe At±l-Øn-∂p-≠m-

bn-cp-∂p. At∏mƒ amXta At±-l-Øns‚ ZuXyØn\v ]cn-]q¿ÆX

ssIh-cn-I-bp-≈q. CXmWv tbip-hns‚ Pohn-X-Øns‚ kw`-h-_-lp-

ehpw ]cn-ip-≤-hp-amb bmYm¿∞y-ßƒ.

\qdp h¿j-ßƒ°p apºv AlvaZnøm apkvenw kaq-l-Øns‚

ÿm]-I-\m-bn-cp∂ lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv JmZn-bm\n (A)

tbip- Xs‚ BZy-Ime ]`m-j-W-ß-fn¬ kqNn-∏n-®-Xv t]mse Ipcn-

in¬ \n∂v c£-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn F∂v ]Jym-]n-®p. Zpcq-l-X-Iƒ°n-

S-bn¬ Ign-™n-cp∂ tbip-hns‚ Pohn-X-Ønse kap-÷ze kXy-

ßƒ CkvemanI Ncn-X-Øn-em-Zy-ambn ssZh\ntbm-Kn-X-\mb At±lw

ad- \o°n ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-∂p. `qcn-]-£o-bcmb bmYm-ÿn-XnI

apkvenwI-fpsS tcmjw \nd™ apJØv t\m°n tbip Ipcn-in¬

acn-°p-Itbm BIm-i-tØ°v Ib-dn-t∏m-Ip-Itbm sNbvXn-´n-√ F∂pw

ssZhn-I-hm-KvZm-\-]-Imcw Ipcniv ]oU-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw A¤p-X-I-c-

ambn c£-s∏-Sp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-bsX∂pw lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv

(A) ]Jym-]n-®p. AXn-\p-tijw tbip kzbw hmKvZm\w sNbvXXv

]Imcw ImWmsX t]mb Ckm-tb¬ tKmX-ßsf tXSn-t∏m-bn.

C¥y-bnse Imivao-cnepw a‰p ]tZ-i-ß-fnepw IpSn-tbdn∏m¿Ø Ck-

tben tKmX-ß-fpsS G‰hpw km[y-amb k©m-c-]mX A^vKm-\n-

ÿm≥ hgn-bm-sW∂v Hcmƒ°v \ymb-ambpw Duln-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

Ahn-S-ß-fn-se√mw Ckm-tben tKmX-ßƒ A[n-h-kn-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn

dnt∏m¿´v sNø-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. A^vKm-\n-ÿm-\n-tebpw Imivao-cn-tebpw

P\ßƒ, IpSn-tbdn∏m¿Ø Ckm-tbeo tKmX-ß-fn¬ \n∂p≈ imJ-

I-fm-sW-∂-Xn\v Ncn-X-]-c-amb i‡-amb sXfn-hp-I-fp-≠v. tbip Ah-

km\w km[m-cW \ne-bn¬ acn-°p-Ibpw Imivao-cnse io\-K-dn¬

I_-d-S°w sNø-s∏-´p-sh∂pw lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv JmZn-



bm-\n (A) shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXp.

tbip-hns‚ icocw P∑-ÿ-e-Øp-\n∂pw ImWm-Xmb ]tl-fnI

kw_-‘n®v G‰hpw \ymb-bp-‡hpw hmkvX-hn-I-hp-amb hni-Zo-I-c-

WamWv AlvaZn-Iƒ apt∂m´p sh°p-∂-Xv. \nc-h[n XhW Ah¿

Cu hni-Zo-I-c-W-Øn\v Jfi\w A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®n- p-≠v. Ipcn-in¬ \n∂v

c£-s∏-s´-∂m¬t]mepw PqZn-bm-bn¬ \n∂pw Imivao¿ hsc-bp≈

Zo¿Lhpw Zp¿L-S-hp-amb bmX Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-am-sW-∂mWv Ah-

cpsS Jfi-\w. Cu FXn¿hmZw tIƒ°p∂ AlvaZn-Iƒ tNmZn-°m-

dp≠v: "GXp Zqc-amWv ssZ¿Ly-ta-dn-bXv? e-kvXo-\n¬ \n∂v Imivao-

cn-te-°p≈ Zqctam? `qan-bn¬ \n∂v AXn-hn-Zq-c-amb BIm-i--tZ-i-tØ-

°p≈ Zqctam?'* ho≠pw Alva-Zn-Iƒ Ah-tcmSp A¤p-Xw Iqdn

tNmZn-°m-dp-≠v, ImWmsX t]mb Ck-tb¬ tKmX-ßsftØSn Xm≥

t]mIp-sa∂v ]d™ tbip-hns‚ hmKvZm-\-Øn\v F¥v kw`-hn®p?

tbip ^e-kvXo-\n¬ \n∂pw bmX ]d™v t\sc sNmt∆ BIm-

iØv t]mbn ssZh-Øns‚ heXv `mKØv Ccn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬

At±lw Xs‚ hmKvZm\w ad-∂p-t]m-Ip-I-bt√ sNbvXXv? AX√,

At±-l-Øns‚ hmKvZm\w ]men-°m≥ At±-l-Øn\v Ign-bmsX

t]mtbm? A√m-Ø-]£w \mw t\csØ ]d-™-Xvt]mse Ck-tb¬

tKmX-Ønse ImWmsX t]mb tKmXßƒ BZyta BIm-i-tØ°v

Ib-dn-t∏m-hp-Ibpw Ahsc At\z-jn®v ]n∂mse tbip-hpw t]mb-

Xm-sW∂v Icp-Xmtam.'?

ac-W-Øn¬ \nv∂v c£-s∏´ kw -h-ßƒ

tbip Ipcn-in¬ \n∂p Poh-t\msS c£-s∏- p-sh∂v hniz-kn-°m≥

Ct∏mgpw Nne¿°v ]bm-k-am-Wv. AXv Akw-`-hyhpw Akzo-Im-cy-

hp-am-sW∂v Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂p. AXy¥w A]-I-S-I-c-amb Ah-ÿ-

t]mepw a\p-jy≥ XcWw sNbvX kw`-h-ßƒ Ncn-X-Øn¬ tcJ-

*tbip-hns‚ injy-\mb sk‚ v tXmakv tIc-f-Øn¬ h∂v Ggp ÿe-ß-fn¬

]ffn ]Wn-X-Xmbn tIc-f-Ønse am¿tØmam InkvXym-\n-Iƒ H∂-S¶w hniz-kn-°p-

∂p. e-kvXo-\n¬ \n∂pw Ic-h-gn- h-cn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Iivao¿ tIc-f-sØ-°mƒ GI-

tZiw 3500 In.-ao-d-d¿ Ipd-hmWv F∂ Imcyw \mw ]tXyIw Hm¿°-Ww. A^v-Km-\n-

kvXm-\nse sKm≠m-^-dmkv cmPm-hns‚ cmP-[m\n kµ¿in®p Ic hgn-bmWv sk‚ v

tXmakv C¥y-bn-te°v h∂-sX∂v "tXmam-bpsS ]hrØn-Iƒ' (Act of Thomas) F∂

thZ]pkvX-I-Ønse kqN-\-I-fn¬ \n∂pw a\- n-em-hp-∂p. tbiphpw, k¥X kl-

Nm-cn-bm-bn-cp∂ tXmakpw IqSn kndn-b, Cdm-Jv, Cdm≥, A^vKm-\n-ÿm≥ , Iivao¿

hgnbmWv C¥y-bn-te°v h∂-sX∂pw, kn-‘nse Idm-®n- Xpd-ap-JØv \n∂v sk‚ v

tXmakv IS¬ hgn KpP-dm-Øv, sIm¶¨, ae-_m¿, Xocw hgn tIc-f-Øn-te°v h∂-

sX∂pw Nne Ncn-X-Im-c-∑m¿ A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. (hnh : )



s∏- Xpw Adn-b-s∏- -Xp-am-Wv. \mw ChnsS hnh-cn® tbip-hns‚ kw`hw

hnNn-Xtam hniz-kn-°m≥ ]bm-k-ap-≈tXm A√. ac-W-Øn\v kam\

Ah-ÿ-bn¬ Bfp-Iƒ Pohn-X-Øn-te°v Xncn-®p-h-∂-Xn-\-\p-Iq-e-amb

\nc-h[n sXfn-hp-Iƒ sshZy-imkvXw dnt∏m¿´v sNø-p-Ibpw kzoI-

cn°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v.

Ahn- ‡ C¥y-bnse Hcp \m´p-cm-PysØ alm-cm-P-mhns‚ Imcyw

CXp kw_-‘n®v ]cm-a¿in-°m-hp∂ Hcp B[n-Im-cnI kw`-h-am-Wv.

At±-l-Øn\v CXvt]mse ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw c£-s∏-Sm≥ km[y-

a√ F∂v ]d-bm-hp∂ Hcp L´w h∂p. alm-cm-Pm-hn\v Xs‚ `mcy

hnjw \¬InbXm-sW∂v I-cp-X-s∏-Sp-∂p. At±-l-Øns‚ arX-i-cocw

kwkvI-cn-°m≥ th≠n AXn-\p-ta¬ NnX- Iq´n XosIm-fp-Øn. s]mSp-

∂s\ Hcp sImSpw-¶m‰v ]Xy-£-am-bn. Ah-km\w At±lw ac-W-

Øn¬ \n∂v c£--s∏-´p-sh∂v amX-a-√. Hcp-]mSp ImesØ \nb-a-bp-

≤-Øn\v tijw At±-l-Øn\v knwlm-k\w Xncn-®p-e-`n-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. kw`hw C]-Im-c-am-Wv:

cmtaµ \mcm-b¨ tdmbv, t_h≥ FtÃ-‰nse tImS-Xn-bpsS kwc-

£W Npa-X-e-bn-ep≈ (Court of Ward) Hcp cmP-Ip-am-c-\m-bn-cp-∂p.

`c-W-X-e-ÿm-\-amb tPmbv tZhv]qcn¬ sh®v 1909 tabv amk-Øn¬

A-t±-l-Øn\v hnjw sImSp-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw XpS¿∂v ac-W-s∏-´-Xmbn

]Jym-]n-°s∏Sp-Ibpw sNbvX-Xmbn Btcm-]n-°-s∏-´p. ac-W-]-Jym-

]-\-Øn-\p-tijw arX-i-cocw ]´-S-bn¬ sh®p. kml-N-cy-sØ-fn-hp-

Iƒ kqNn-∏n-°p-∂Xv At±-l-Øns‚ `mcy-bm-bn-cp-∂p Cu h[-i-a-

Ønse apJy-]Xn F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. Aedn i_vZn® CSn-\mZw ImcWw

NnX-sbm-cp-°m≥ t]mb-h-sc√mw NnX°v XosIm-fp-Øn-b-tijw Xncn-

®p-t]m-∂p. XpS¿∂p XI¿Øp-s]bvX ag-bn¬ NnX-sI´p. \mcm-b-¨

tdmbv acn-°msX c£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXp-hgn t]mb Hcp

Iq´w lnµp k\ym-kn-am¿ Nn-X-bn¬ sh® a\p-jy\v Poh-\p-s≠∂v

a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw At±-lsØ c£n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ASpØ

Znhkw KqVm-tem-N-\-°m¿ icocw A]-Xy-£am-bXv Xncn-®-dn-™p.

Ah¿ as‰mcp arX-i-cocw Zln-∏n-®p. AXv cmP-Ip-am-c-t‚XmsW∂v

hcp-Øn-Øo¿Øp.

cmP-Ip-am-cs\ c£n® Hcp k\ymkn At±-lsØ Hcp ÿeØp

\n∂pw as‰mcp ÿe-tØ°v \nc-¥cw am‰n am‰n Xma-kn-∏n-®p. ac-W-

tØm-S-SpØ A\p-`-h-ßƒ cmP-Ip-am-cs‚ Hm¿Ω-i-‡nsb \in-∏n-®n-

cp-∂p. ]t£, At±-l-Øn\v ItaW Hm¿Ω Xncn-®p-In- p-Ibpw 12 h¿j-

Øn-\p-tijw tPmbv tZhv]q¿ kµ¿in-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. At±-

lØn\v Nnc-]-cn-Nn-X-amb hmk-ÿ-eØns‚bpw ]´WØns‚bpw



]cn-kcw At±-l-Øn-s‚ Hm¿Ωsb ]q¿Æ-ambpw ]p\:-ÿm-]n-°m≥

klm-b-I-am-bn. cmP-Ip-am-c≥ bYm¿∞ Ah-Imin F∂ \ne°v

t_mh¿ FtÃ-‰ns‚ kwc-£W®pa-X-e-bp-≈-h-cn¬ \n∂pw AXv

ho≠p-In-´m≥ Hcp knhn¬ tIkv ^b¬ sNbvXp. At±-l-Øns‚

`mcybpw a‰p-≈-hcpw FXn¿]-£Øpw. Cu tImS-Xn-hy-h-lmcw c≠v

I£n-Iƒ XΩn¬ cq£-ambn apt∂-dn. Bbn-c-Øn-e-[nIw Bfp-Iƒ

cmP-Ip-am-c\v A\p-Iq-e-ambn sXfnhv \¬In. \m\qdv t]¿ At±-l-

Øns‚ `mcy°v A\p-Iq-e-ambpw sXfnhv \¬In. kmam-\y-hn-h-c-]-

Imcw ]¥≠v h¿jw apºv acn®p F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ cmP-Ip-am-c≥

Xs∂-bmtWm Ct±lw F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p bYm¿∞ X¿°-hn-j-bw.

cmP-Ip-am-c≥ Ah-km\w tIkv Pbn-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. At±-

l-Øns‚ `mcy-bpsS ico-c-Ønse Hcp AS-bmfw ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-Øp-

sIm-≠m-bn-cp∂p At±lw tIkv Pbn-®-Xv. Hcp `¿Øm-hn\v amXw

ImWm≥ ]‰p∂ cl-ky-ÿm\Ømbn-cp∂p B AS-bm-fw. At±-

lØn\v `qan Xncn®p e`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp!' (1)

CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v tIkp-Iƒ dnt∏m¿ v sNø-

s∏-SmsX t]mhp-∂p-≠m-hmw. B[p-\nI sshZy-im-kvX-Øn\pw

hm¿Øm-am-[y-a-ßƒ°pw \µn ]d-bp-I. CØ-c-Øn¬ ac-W-h-‡-

Øn¬\n∂pw c£-s∏´ At\Iw kw`-h-ßƒ Ah¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønbn-

´p-≠v. CØcw kw -h-ßƒ kaq-l-Ønse F√m-hn- mKw P\-ßƒ°pw

F√m aX-hn- m-K-ßfn¬s∏´ [¿Ω-Nn-¥-bp-≈-h¿°pw \ymb-bp-‡-ambn

tXm∂p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ F¥p-sIm≠v AXv tbip-hns‚ Imcy-Øn¬

km[y-a-√msX t]mhp-∂p? AXn-Po-hn°m≥ Akm-[ysa∂v tXm∂p∂

Ah-k-c-ßsf sh√p-hn-fn-®p-sIm≠v B¿s°-¶nepw AXn-Po-hn-°m-

\p≈ Ah-kcw e`n-®n´ps≠-¶n¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw tbip-hn\pw al-

Ømb Hc-h-kcw e`n-®n-cp-∂p. At±--lØn\v Np‰pw Aßs\-bp≈

]tXyI kml-Ncyw \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Ipcn-in¬ sh®v sIm√p-

hm-\p≈ ia-Øn¬ \n∂pw tbip c£-s∏´p F∂ hkvXpX hniz-

kn-°m≥ kwi-bm-ep-°ƒ hnk-Ω-Xn-°p-∂p. AXv A¤p-Xm-hlw

Xs∂. AtX-k-abw tbip acn-®-Xn\v tijw ]p\¿÷o-hn-®p-sh-∂p≈

Ab-Ym¿∞hpw bp‡n-lo-\hpw ]Ir-Xn-\n-b-a-ßƒ°v hncp-≤-hp-amb

Hcp IY-bn-emWv Ah¿ hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv Ahsc kw_-

‘n-t®-S-tØmfw aq∂v ]Iepw aq∂v cmXnbpw \o≠p-\n∂ Hcp acWw.

Bk∂ ac-Wm-hÿ (Near Death Phenomenon) sshZy-im-kvX-

1. The Bhowal Case, compiled by J.M Mitra and R.C. Chakravarthy, publishedby Pear & Sons, Calcutta.



Øn\pw Gsd Xm¬]-cy-ap≈ hnj-b-am-Wv. Hcp sshZy-im-kvX-]-T-\-

Kth-j-W-kwLw Fgp-]-sØ´v Bk-∂-a-c-Wm-hÿ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-

I-bp-≠mbn. AXn¬ F¨]Xv iX-am-\w tIknepw sshZy-im-kvX-

hn-Z-Kv≤-∑m-cpsS km∂n-≤yap≠m-bn-cp-∂p. As√-¶n¬ kw`hw Ign™

DSs\ Ah-cpsS km∂n-≤y-ap-≠mbn-´p-≠v. IuXp-I-c-sa∂v ]d-b-s´.

\m¬]-sØm∂v iX-am\w Bfp-Ifpw Bk-∂-a-c-Wm-h-ÿ-bn¬ Ign-

™n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ acn-®-Xmbn dnt∏m¿´v sNø-s∏-´-h-cmWv! (2)

F√m sshZy-imkvX D]-I-c-W-ßfpw sh®v ]cn-tim-[n-®-Xn\v

tijta sshZy hnZ-Kv[-∑m¿°v Hcp Poh-\p≈ a\p-jy≥ acn-®-Xmbn

]Jym-]n-°m\m-hq F∂n-cns° D-XvIWvTm-`-cn-X-\mb Hcp ImgvN-°m-

c≥ tbiphns‚ t_m[w \in-°p-∂Xv I≠v At±lw acn-®p-t]mbn

F∂v Duln-®m¬ AsX-X-tØmfw hniz-k-\o-b-amIpw? AXn-t\-°m-

fp-]-cn-bmbn tbip-hns\ ho≠pw Im-Wptºmƒ At±lw ]p\-cp-÷o-

hn-®-Xm-bp≈ Dul-Øn-se-Øn-t®cp-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv \oXoI-cn-°m≥

Ign-bm-Ø-XmWv.

2. The Phenomenology of Near-Death Experiences' by Bruce Greyson. MD andIan Stevenson MD, A.M. Psychiatry Page 137, 10th Oct. 1980.

A≤ymbw 6

XnXzw

tb-ip-hns\ ssZh-am°n am‰p∂ anØp-Isf krjvSn-°p-∂-Xns‚

A¥¿[m-c-Isf°p-dn®pw ssZh-Øns‚ ]pX≥ F∂ \ne°v XnXz

kn≤m-¥-Øn¬ tbip-hns‚ ÿm\-sØ-°p-dn-®p-amWv \mw CXp-hsc

]cn-tim-[n-®-Xv. F∂m¬ InkvXym-\n-IfpsS XnXz kn≤m-¥-Ønse

aq∂m-asØ hy‡nbmb ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv (Holy Ghost)Hcp ka-ky--

bm-Wv. InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Cu ASn-ÿm\ kn≤m-¥-Øn¬ H∂n¬

c≠v (Two in one) Xs∂ aXn-bmIpam-bn-cp-∂nt√? aq∂m-a-sXmcp

AkvXn-XzsØ Dƒs∏-Sp-tØ≠ Bh-iy-ap-≠m-bn-cpt∂m? bp‡n-]-

c-ambn ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ ssZh k¶-ev]-Øn¬

aq∂m-a-sXmcp hy‡n kØ°v CSw \¬Im≥ bmsXmcp \oXn-I-c-W-

hp-an-√. Cu ]iv\-Øn¬ `mjy-Im-c-\mb l¿t\°v 1 (Harnack)]d-bp-∂-Xv, Xp-S-°-Øn¬-ssZh-Øn-epw, tbip-hnepw InkvXp-aXw Hcp

h\-tZ-hX (Dryad) bm¬ ]Xn-\n-[o-I-cn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂mWv

A¿∞-iq-\yhpw AbY-m¿∞-hp-amb Hcp aq∂mw ]¶p-Im-cs‚ (]-cn-

ip-≤m-flm-hv) Znhy-L-SIw Iq´n-t®¿°m-\m-bn-cp∂p Bflmhv (TheSpirit) F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v Cu h\-tZ-hXm k¶ev]w InkvXp-

k-`sb hebw sNbvX-Xv. CXv XnI®pw blqZ hncp-≤-amb Hcp Bi-

b-am-bn-cp-∂p.1 dh: sI. C.-In¿°v (K.E. Kirk) Xs‚ "XnXz kn≤m-

¥-Øns‚ ]cn-Wmaw' (The Evolution of the Doctrine of Trinity)F∂ ]_-‘-Øn¬ CtX hnj-b-sØ∏‰n C]-Imcw ]d-bp-∂p:

"Cu hnizm-k-Øn\v Ah¿°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ Ah-ew_sØ kw_-

‘n®v Adn-bm≥ kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw \mw A°m-esØ Fgp-Øp-Im¿°p

t\sc Xncn-bp-∂p. Ah¿°v Hcp B[m-chpw AXp kw_-‘n-®n√ F∂

Imcyw \sΩ A¤p-X-s∏-SpØ-p∂p. CXmWv \sΩ Aº-c∏n-°p-∂Xv.

F¥p-sIm≠v aq∂v t]¿? F¥p-sIm≠v AXn¬°q-Sp-X¬ t]¿ C√?

F∂o tNmZy-ß-sfm∂pw AtX-]Sn Ah¿°p apºn¬ ka¿∏n-°-s∏-

´n-cp-∂n-√.

"XnXz kn≤m¥w bp‡n-]-c-ambn \oXoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬ InkvXob

ssZh-imkvXw kºq¿Æambpw ]cm-P-b-s∏´Xmbn At±lw Nq≠n-

°m-´p-∂p. InkvXy≥ XnXz kn≤m-¥w ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn Hcp Zzµm-

1. Harnack, 'Constitution and law of the Church ' ET P. 264


flI kn≤m-¥-ambn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°-s∏-Sm-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]q¿WX hcp-Øp-

hm≥ th≠n-bmWv XnI®pw tbmPn-°mØ aq∂m-a-sXmcp AkvXn-

XzsØ AXpambn tIm¿Øp-sI-´n-bXv.'1

]≠pImeØv tdma≥ kmamPy-Øn¬ kar-≤-am-bp-≠mbn-cp∂

]mIrX aX XØz-ß-fp-sSbpw anØp-I-fp-sSbpw kzm[o\ ^e-am-bn-

´mWv Cusbmcp aq∂mw AkvXn-Xzw ItaW InkvXp-a-X-Øn-te°v

kzmwio-I-cn-°-s∏-´-sX-∂v \mw hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Cßs\ Bi-b

ssIam‰ß-fpsS e-am-bn-´m-bn-cn°mw InkvXob ssZh imkvXn-Iƒ

"]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv' F∂ k¶-ev]-Øn\v Xß-fpsS hnizm-k-Øn¬ CSw

\¬In-b-Xv. aq∂v AkvXn-Xz-ßƒ H∂n¬ k∂n-th-in-∏n-®p-sIm-≠p-≈

ssZh k¶-ev]-ßsf DZm-l-cn-°m≥ ]‰nb hnizm-k-ßfpsSbpw Bcm-

[\m kº-Zm-b-ßfptSbpw km∂n-≤yw \ΩpsS Np‰pap-≠v. InkvXp-

a-X-Øns‚ XnXz kn≤m-¥-Øns‚ Dd-hnSw Is≠-Øm≥ AX henb

]bm-k-ß-sfm-∂p-an-√. F√m-‰n-\p-ap-]-cn-bmbn c≠v H∂pw, H∂v c≠pw

BIm-sa-¶n¬ ]ns∂ A]-Imcw aq∂n\v F¥p-sIm≠v H∂m-bn-°qSm?

InkvXy≥ antØm-f-Pn-bnse ssZh-k-¶-ev]-Øn¬ Cu aq∂mw

AkvXnXzw thcp-d-∏n-®Xv Ft∏m-gm-sW∂pw Fßs\-bm-sW∂pw IrXy-

ambn Kth-jWw sNbvXv I≠p-]n-Sn-t°≠ Npa-Xe Kth-jW ]WvUn-

X-∑m¿°m-Wv. AØcw hnj-b-ßƒ Ct∏mƒ Cu N¿®bpsS ]cn-

[n°v ]pd-ØmWv. a\pjy _p≤n \ncm-I-cn-°p∂ XnXz hmZ-Ønse

\nc¿∞IX hni-I-e\w sNøm≥ amX-amWv ChnsS Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv.

kzbw Xs∂ ]c-kv]c hncp-≤-am-bXpw hntcm-[m-`mkw P\n-∏n-°p-∂-

Xp-amb kn≤m-¥-ß-tfmSv a\pjy ]IrXn hnc‡n ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p.

XnXz k¶-ev]-Ønse ]c-kv]c _‘-ßƒ

InkvXp-a-X-Ønse XnXz kn≤m-¥-Ønse aq∂v LS-I-ß-fpsS

]mc-kv]cyw `mh-\-bn¬ ImWp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Xmsg hnh-cn-®Xv ]Im-

c-ap-≈ Hcp NnXw e`n-°m-\m-bn-cn°pw km[y-X.

F. Ah¿ aq∂p t]¿°pw Hcp hy‡n-bpsS hn`n∂ `m-h-ßfpw

Ah-ÿ-I-fp-am-bn-cn°pw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-I.

_n. Ah¿ aq∂p-t]cpw A\-iz-cX Xpey-ambn ]¶p-sh-°p∂

aq∂p hn`n∂ hy‡n-I-fm-bn-cn-°pw.

kn. Ah¿ aq∂p-t]-cp-sSbpw F√m kz`m-h-ßfpw hy‡-n-Xzhpw

]c-kv]cw ]¶p-sh-°m-sX, Nne kz`m-h-ß-fnepw hy‡n-Xz-Ønepw

hn`n∂X ]pe¿Øp-∂p-≠m-bn-cn-°pw.

1. Essays on the Trinity and Incarnation. Edited by AEJ Rawlinson, Longmans, Lon-don (1928)

XnXzw


Un. Ah¿ aq∂p-t]cpw ]q¿W-ambpw Htc kz`m-h-ap≈hcpw Xpey-

i-‡n-bp-≈-hcpw ]c-kv]cw ebn-®-hcpw Hcmƒ°v as‰m-cm-fn¬ \n∂pw

hn`n-∂-amb bmsXmcp ]h¿Ø-\-ß-fp-an-√m-Ø-h-cp-am-bn-cn-°pw.

ta¬]-d™ Hmtcm km[y-X-I-tfbpw kw_-‘n®v bYm-Iaw

\ap°v ]cn-tim-[n-°mw.

hn`n∂ mh-ßtfm Ah-ÿ-Itfm D≈ GI hy‡n

Cu km[y-Xsb kw_-‘n®v ChnsS N¿® sNtø≠ Bh-iy-ap-

s≠∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√. tbip ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂pw kzX¥-\mb Hcp

hy‡n F∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ ssZhØns‚ Hcp `mhtam Ah-ÿtbm

BWv F∂v hniz-kn-°p∂ Hcp InkvXym-\nbpw C∂n-√. XnXz hnizm-

kn-Iƒ ssZhw, H∂m-bn-Øo¿∂ aq∂v hy‡n-I-fmWv F∂-XnemWv

Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂-Xv.

XnXz k¶-ev]-a-\p-k-cn®v aq∂v ssZh-ßƒ H∂n®p tN¿-∂Xm-W-

t√m. At∏mƒ aq∂v hyXy-kvX-`m-h-ß-fp≈ Hcp hy‡n Htc kabw

AXv ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂p-sh∂v AwKo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ B \nanjw XnXz

k¶ev]w A]-Xy-£-am-Ip-I-bmWv sNøp-I. ]ns∂ AhnsS XnXz-

an√. as‰m∂v ]nXm-hmb ssZhw kzbw Xs∂ Xs‚ Imcp-Wy-Øm¬

]tNm-Zn-X-\mbn ]m]n-bmb a\p-jy\v th≠n acn-°p-I-bm-Wv. Aßs\

acn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ B hy‡n-bpsS AXm-bXv ssZh-Øns‚

£WnI t\c-tØ-°p≈ Ah-ÿsb kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. `mh-ßƒ

Hcn-°epw kzX¥ hy‡n-I-fm-hp-∂n-√. AXp-t]mse Ah-ÿ-Iƒ

]tXy-I-amb AkvXn-Xz-ßsf krjvSn-°p-∂p-an-√. Hcp hy‡nsb

ct≠m aqt∂m As√-¶n¬ AXn-e-[n-Itam hy‡n-I-fmbn th¿s∏-Sp-

ØmsX Xs∂ GsXm-cmƒ°pw At\-Im-bncw mh-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw Ah-

ÿ-I-fn-eq-sSbpw IS∂p t]mIm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠v ssZhw

a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ ]m]-Øn\v ]cn-lm-c-ambn acn-°p-hm≥ Xocp-am-

\n-s®-¶n¬ AXn-\p-th≠n ssZhw Xs∂ acn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ssZh-Øn-

s‚ Hcp `mhw acn-®m¬ t]mcm.

Cu hnj-b-Ønse hkvXp-X-Iƒ \mw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-tºmƒ,

a\pjy hwi-Øns‚ ]m]-Øn\p ]cn-lm-c-ambns°m≠v ssZh-Øns‚

Hcp `mhw (Im-cp-Wyw) ]h¿Ø-t\m-∑pJamb-Xmbn \mw a\- n-em-

t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ssZh-Øns‚ Imcp-Wy-sa∂ B KpWsØ amXw

\ap°v Hcp hy‡n-bmbn ]cn -K -Wn -°p -Ibpw B hy‡n-°v

tbipInkvXp F∂v \ma-I-cWw sNøp-IbpamsW-¶n¬ acn-®Xv ssZh-

Øns‚ Imcp-Wy-am-bn-cp-∂p. a\pjyIpe-Øn-s‚ ]m]-Øn¬ kl-X-

]n-®p-sIm≠v ssZh-Øns‚ Imcp-Wy-sa∂ `mhw Bfl-lXy sNbvXp

XnXzw


F∂Xv AXy¥w hnNn-X-amb Hcp hntcm-[m- mkw Xs∂! aq∂v cmhpw

]Iepw ssZh-Øn-s‚ Imcp-Wy-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂n-√ F∂ Imcyw IqSn

CXn¬ A¥¿`-hn-®n-´p-≠v.

ChnsS \mw Hm¿t°-≠-Xv, tbip thdn´ kzX-¥-\mb Hcp hy‡n-

Xz-am-b√ ChnsS IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ssZh-Øns‚ Hcp kz`m-h-

KpWw AYhm mhw amX-am-bn- mWv Icp-X-∏-Sp-∂-Xv. AXm-bXv ssZh-

Øns‚ ImcpWyw F∂ KpW-Øns‚ Bƒ cq]-am-bn´v. ssZh-Øns‚

B Bƒ cq]w GXv hnt[-\-sb-¶nepw ssZh-Øns‚ Ahn-`m-Py-amb

GI kØ-bmbn \ne-\n¬t°≠-Xp-≠v.

Cu ]In-b-bn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw H∂v acn-®n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ AXv ssZh-

ß-fn-sem-cmtfm AX√ Cu kw`-h-ß-fn¬ ]apJ ]¶p-h-ln® ssZh-

Øns‚ ImcpWyw F∂ mhtam Bbn-cn-°pw. F¥v Xs∂-bm-bmepw

H∂p-In¬ ssZh-Øns‚ Imcp-Wy-sa∂ KpWtam As√-¶n¬ Imcp-

Wy-hm-\mb ssZhw Xs∂tbm acn-s®∂v hniz-kn-°msX \nhrØn-

bn√.

Aev]-k-a-b-tØ-°m-I-s´, As√-¶n¬ imiz-X-am-bn-´m-I-s´, Hcp

hy‡n-bpsS kz`mh KpW-ßƒ XpS®p \o°-s∏-s´∂p hmZn-°p-I-bm-

sW-¶n¬ \nc-h[n k¶o¿W-X-Iƒ DS-se-Sp-°pw. a\p-jys‚ A\p-`-

h-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ amXta Cu cwKm-hn-jvIm-c-ßƒ \ap°v a\-

n-em-°m≥ km[n-°q. Hcp a\p-jys‚ ImgvNtbm tIƒhntbm

Xm¬°m-en-I-amtbm ÿnc-amtbm \jvS-s∏-´m¬ t]mepw Abmƒ°v

AtX a\p-jy-\mbn Xs∂ Pohn-°p-hm≥ Ign-bpw. a\pjys‚ Hcp

Ignhv acn-°pI AYhm \jvS-s∏-SpI F∂Xv hmkvX-h-Øn¬ B

hy‡nbpsS `mKn-I ac-W-am-Wv. A¥na hni-I-e-\-Øn¬ Ign-hp-

Iƒ \jvS-s∏´h\pw AYhm bmX\ A\p- -hn-°p-∂-h\pw ]gb AtX

hy‡n-Xz-ap-≈ hy‡n Xs∂bmbn XpS-cp-∂p.

A\-¥-X ]¶psh°p∂ hyXykvX hy‡n-Iƒ

A\-¥-X Htc-k-abw ]¶p-sh-°p∂ aq∂v hnhn[ hy‡n-I-fmWv

Ah-sc¶n¬ Ah¿ XΩn-ep≈ B`y-¥c _‘-ß-sf-∏‰n kwi-b-ß-

fp-b-cp-∂-Xm-Wv. Ah¿ aq∂p t]cpw A\-¥-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-Ibpw

AtX kabw Hcp ssZh-ambncn°p-I-bp-am-sW-¶n¬ Ah¿ aq∂p-

t]¿°pw hyXy-kvX-amb aq∂v kzXz-ßƒ D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

AXm-bXv Hcmƒ bmX\ kln-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Abmƒ Xs∂ AXv

kln-°-Ww. AXv Abm-fpsS kzImcy A\p-`-h-am-bn-cn-°pw. a‰p-≈-

h¿°v Abm-tfmSv kl-Xm]w ]I-Sn-∏n°mw ]t£ bmX-\-bn¬ ]¶p

sIm≈m≥ km[y-am-hp-∂X√. ssZh-Øns‚ Nn¥m ]In-bsb kw_-

XnXzw


‘n®pw A`n-]mb cq]o-I-cW coXn-sb°pdn®pw Xo¿®-bmbpw \ap-

°-dn-bn-√. ]t£, Ah¿ bYm¿∞Øn¬ aq∂v t]cm-sW∂pw aq∂p-

t]¿ IqSn-t®¿∂v H∂m-b-Xm-sW-∂p-amWv hmZw. Aßs\ hcp-tºmƒ

CXv ]c-kv]c _‘-ap-≈ aq∂v kzX¥ Nn¥m ]In-b-IfpsS Hcp

kwcw-`-am-sW∂v ]d-bm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.

aq∂p Xe-bp-ambn Hcp a\p-jy-inip P\n-°p-∂p-sh∂v Icp-XpI.

\mev Ah-b-h-ß-fps≠¶nepw Hcp ico-c-ap-≈-Xp-sIm≠v Cusbmcp

òIc krjvSnsb Hcp hy‡n-sb∂v \ap°v ]d-bm≥ km[n-°pw.

]t£ aq∂v Xe-Ifpf-fXpsIm≠v AXns‚ bYm¿∞ hy‡n-Xz-sa¥vv

F∂v hnh-cn-°m≥ km[y-a-√msX hcpw. ]Ir-XnbpsS AØcw Hcp

hne-£W krjvSn Ipd®p Imew Pohn-°p-Ibpw AXn\v kwkm-cn-

°m\pw kzbw BcmsW∂v shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw Ign-bp-sa-¶n¬ AXns‚

aq∂v hyXykvX inc- p-I-fn¬ F¥mWv kw`-hn-°p-∂-sX∂v \ap°v

At\z-jn-®v Adn-bm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p. AØcw Hcp Adn-hns‚

A`m-h-Øn¬ Hcp hy‡n aq∂v a\- p-Iƒ ]¶n-Sp-∂p-sht∂m As√-

¶n¬ aq∂v hy‡n-Iƒ Hcp icocw ]¶n-Sp-∂p-sht∂m ]dbm≥ km[y-

a-√.

as‰mcp hnNn-X-amb Imcyw Cu ][m-\-s∏´ ssIkvXh

kn≤m¥w Ah-cpsS thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ hnh-cn-°-s∏-ń-ń-√ F∂-Xm-

Wv. tbip-hn-s\-°p-dn-®pw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s\-°p-dn®pw ]cm-a¿in-°-

s∏´ kµ¿`-ß-fn-se√mw Ah¿ c≠p-t]cpw hyXykvX hy‡n-Xz-ß-

fm-sW-∂-Xn\v sXfn-hp-Iƒ°v bmsXmcp £mahpan-√. Ah¿ c≠p-

t]cpw Htc Nn¥bpw hnIm-chpw ]¶p-sh-®n-ń-√. as‰m-cp-hn-[-Øn¬

]d-™m¬ InkvXp-hn¬ \n∂pw hn`n-∂-am-b-XmWv ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚

hn`m-h-\-I-ƒ F∂ Imcyw \ap°v a\-kn-em-°m≥ km[n-°p-∂n-√.

hnti-jn®v tbip a\p-jy-i-co-c-Øn¬ _‘-\-ÿ-\mbn Pohn-®n-cp∂

Ime-Øv.

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ a‰p c≠p ssZh LS-I-ß-fp-am-bp≈ _‘-Øn¬

tbip F∂ hy‡n°v F¥mWv kw`-hn-®Xv F∂ ]iv\-ap-b¿Øp∂

tNmZy-an-Xm-Wv.

1. ]nXm-hmb ssZhw, ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv F∂o c≠p LS-I-ßƒ

tbip-hn-s‚ ico-ctam A\p-`-h-ßtfm Fs¥-¶nepw hn[-Øn¬ ]c-

kv]cw ]¶n-ń-cp-∂pthm?

2. B ico-c-Øn¬ hkn-®n-cp-∂Xv tbip-am-X-am-bn-cp-∂pthm AXp-

]-Imcw tbip Xs‚ imco-cn-Im-\p-`-h-ßƒ XnXz-Ønse a‰v c≠v

ssZh-L-S-I-ß-fp-ambn ]¶n-ń-cp-∂nt√?

XnXzw


BZy-tØ-Xns‚ k¶o¿Æ-X-I-ƒ \mw N¿® sNbvXp Ign-™p.

c≠m-asØ hnj-b-Øn¬ XnXz-Ønse a‰p c≠p LS-I-ß-fp-am-bp≈

tbip-hns‚ _‘-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ k¶o¿W-X-Iƒ Db¿∂p-h-cp-∂p.

`qan-bnse Pohn-X-Øn¬ tbiphn\v ]q¿Æhpw hyXy-kvX-hp-amb

AkvXnXzw D≠m-bn-cp-∂pthm? Aßs\-b√ F¶n¬ B kµ¿`-

Øn¬ tbip a\p-jy-i-co-c-Øns‚ cq]-ambn amXw Ccn-°p-Ibpw a‰p

c≠p LS-I-ß-fp-tSbpw Ahn-`m-Py-L-S-I-ambn h¿Øn-°p-IbpamtWm

sNbvXncp-∂Xv? Ct∏mƒ as‰mcp tNmZy-Øn\v°qSn DØcw \¬tI-

≠-Xp-≠v.

3. tbip-hns‚ Znhyamb ssZhn-Im-kvXnXzw At±-l-Øns‚ apgp-

i-co-c-Ønepw Nqgv∂p \n∂n-cp-∂pthm? AXs√-¶n¬ ]nXm-hmb ssZh-

hpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hpw s]mXp-hmbn ]¶p-sh-°-s∏´ cq]Øn¬ Aao-

_-bpsS ico-c-Ønse ]pd-ta°v X≈n \n¬°p∂ `mKw t]mse Hcp

]t£-]-am-bn- (Projection)´mbn-cp-∂pthm \ne-s°m-≠Xv?

Cusbmcp NnXo-I-c-W-Øn¬ ]kvXpX L´-Øn¬ tbip a‰p

c≠p kl-]-¶m-fn-I-tf-°mƒ al-Xz-ap-≈-h-\mWv F∂v \mw hniz-kn-

t°-≠-Xmbn hcpw. ImcWw tbip B ka-b-sØ√mw ]nXm-hmb

ssZh-Øn-t‚bpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-t‚bpw AkvXnXzw t]dn \S-°p∂p.

AtX-k-abw tbip-hns‚ a\p-jym-kvXnXzw a‰p c≠v ssZh-ßfpw

t]dn \S-°p-∂n-√. Imcy-ßƒ Ffp-∏-Øn¬ a\- n-em-hm\pw CXn-e-S-

ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ ]c-kv]c sshcp-≤y-ßfpw Akw-_-‘-ßfpw IqSp-X¬

hy‡-am-°m\pw Cu k¶-ev]ßƒ Zriy-h¬°-cn-t°≠-Xp-≠v. Xo¿®-

bmbpw hmb-\-°m-c≥ Cu NnXo-I-cWw A£-cm¿∞-Øn-se-Sp-°-

cpXv.

Htc hy‡n-Xs∂ hnhn[ KpW-ßƒ ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-Ibpw hnhn[

`mh-ß-fnepw IS-∂p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-∂-XmWv \ΩpsS apºn¬

Db¿∂p-h-cp∂ ]iv\w. H∂v aq∂m-hp-tºmgpw aq∂v H∂m-hp-tºmgpw

Hmtcm LS-I--Øn-s‚bpw A\p-]m-X-Øns‚ tXmXv FXbps≠∂

tNmZyw \mw ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ]tXy-In®v H∂n-s\m∂v hyXy-

kvX-amb mh-ß-fp≈ hy‡n-I-fpsS tImWp-I-fneqsS t\m°p-tºmƒ

Cu A\p-]mXw FX-bp-s≠∂v hne-bn-cp-tØ≠-Xp-≠v. Ign™

A≤ym-b-Øn¬ C°mcyw kpZo¿L-ambn N¿® sNbvXn-´p-≠v. Hcp

hy‡ntbm AkvXn-Xztam hnhn[ `mh-ßƒ ]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂psh-¶n¬

hnhn[ `mh-ß-fmbn kzbw th¿]n-cn-bmsX AXv Htc kabw ]I-

Sn∏n°m≥ km[y-a-√ F∂v ChnsS Bh¿Øn®p hy‡-am-t°-≠n-bn-

cn-°p-∂p.

XnXzw


DZm-l-c-W-Øn\v, \n›nX Afhv Pe-sa-Sp-°mw. sh≈w apgp-h\pw

AXns‚ kØ-bpsS GIXm\X°v `wKw hcp-ØmsX Pe-_m-jv]-

am-tbm, sFkv Btbm am‰m≥ Ign-bpw. sh≈-Øns‚ Cu aq∂v

Ah-ÿ-Ifpw Htc kabw \nco-£n-°-s∏-S-W-sa-¶n¬ AXns‚ aq∂n-

sem-cp-`mKw Pe-_mjv]ambpw ap∂n-semcp `mKw Zmh-I-ambpw aq∂n-

sem-cp-`mKw sFkv Bbpw AXns\ hn`-Pn-t°-≠-Xmbn hcpw. Hmtcm

Ahÿm cq]hpw a‰p-≈-h-bn¬ \n∂pw ]ckv]cw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cn-

°pw. Hmtcm Ahÿm cq]-ßfpw a‰v c≠v Ah-ÿ-Ifpw Htc kabw

]¶n-Sp-∂n-√. sh≈w apgp-h\pw Cßs\ Jcw, Zmh-Iw, hmXIw F∂o

Ah-ÿ-I-fn¬ hn`-Pn-°p-I. Hmtcm Ah-ÿ-I-fp-sSbpw hym]vXw

samØap≠m-bn-cp∂ hym]vXsØ At]-£n®v sNdp-Xm-bn-cn-°p-sa-

¶nepw sh≈-Øns‚ Ah-ÿ-Iƒ H∂m-sW∂pw H∂v aq∂m-sW∂pw

]Jym-]n-°m≥ km[y-a-√. AXp-t]mse a\p-jy-\mb tbip-hn\pw

]nXm-hmb ssZh-Øn\p-an-S-bn-ep≈ _‘-Øn¬ bmsXmcp Ipdhpw

hcp-ØmsX \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m≠v InkvXp a\pjy ico-c-Øn¬ tbip-

hns‚ cq]-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-°pI F∂Xv Kln°p-hm≥ km[y-a-√.

F√m a\p-jycpw Htc ]Zm¿∞w sIm≠mWv krjvSn-°-s∏-´n-cn-

°p-∂-Xv. ]t£, Ah-cpsS kmayXIfpw kmZr-iy-ßfpw Ahsc

Hscm‰ hy‡n-bm°n am‰p-∂n-√. Ah-cpsS kz`m-h-ßfpw hy‡n-Xz-

ßfpw hyXn-cn-‡-XIfpw Ahsc A\-h[n AkvXn-Xz-ß-fm°n am‰p-

∂p. kz`m-hn--ambpw Ah¿ Htc ]Zm¿∞w sIm≠v krjvSn-°-s∏-´n´pw

Ah¿ hyXy-kvX-ambn \ne-sIm-≈p-∂p. a\p-jy-sc√mw Xs∂ s]mXp-

hmbn am\p-jn-IX ]¶n-Sp-∂p-≠m-bn´pw A™qdp tImSn H∂m-sWt∂m

H∂v A-™qdp tImSn-bm-Wt∂m Hcmƒ°v Fßs\ hnti-jn-∏n-°m≥

km[n-°pw?

Cu tNmZyw \ap°v as‰mcp ho£-W-tIm-Wn¬ t\m°mw. GsX-

¶nepw ]tXyI ImetØ°v tbip ]nXm-hmb ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂pw

]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn¬ \n∂pw Xncn-®-dn-b-s∏Spw hn[w hn´p\n∂p F∂p

Icp-Xp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ GsX-√mw taJ-e-bn-em-bn-cn°pw tbip-hns‚ Cu

kzX¥ hy‡nXzw \ne-\n-∂n-cn-°pI? Xs‚ kl-Po-hn-I-fmb a\p-

jy¿°v th≠n, AYhm Xs‚ `mKn-I-amb a\p-jy-k-tlm-Z-c-ßƒ°v

th≠n, ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhn¬ \n∂pw kºq¿Æ-ambn

th¿s∏-´p-sIm≠mWv ]oU-\-ßƒ kln-®-Xv. Bb-Xn-\m¬ \mw Hcp

Imcy-tam¿°-Ww. Cu A\p-`hw tbip-hns‚ amXw kzImcy A\p-

`-h-am-Wv. ssZhw Xs‚ a\t m As√-¶n¬ Nn¥tbm amX-am-Wv

tbip-hns‚ ico-c-Øn-te°v am‰n-b-sX-∂p-≈-Xn\v CXv ]I-S-amb

sXfn-hmWv. as‰mcp hn[-Øn¬ ]d-™m¬ tbip-hns‚ Cusbmcp

XnXzw


Pohn-Xm-\p-`hw XnXz-Ønse a‰p c≠p LS-I-ß-fp-ambn ]¶p-sh-°-

s∏-ń-ń-√. a\- n\v hnàw P\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xt√ CXv?!

hyXy-kvXhpw hyXn-cn-‡-hp-amb hy‡n-Xz-ap≈

hn`n∂ hy‡n-Iƒ

]nXm-hmb ssZhw, ]pX-\mb tbip, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hv, Ch¿ aq∂p-

t]¿ ]c-kv]cw ]q¿Æ-ambpw ]¶n-SmØ hyX-kvX hy‡n-Xz-ß-fp≈

aq∂p t]cm-bn-cp∂psh-¶n¬ Ahsc aq∂n¬ H∂mbpw H∂n¬ aq∂mbpw

IW-°m-°m≥ km[y-a-√. aq∂p hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw kz`mh KpW-

ßƒ, ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ, XpSßn F√m Ign-hp-Ifpw ]c-kv]cw

bmsXmcp hyXym-k-hp-an-√msX H∂n-t\m-sSm∂v kam-kaam-sW-¶n¬

amXta XnXz-Ønse aq∂p-t]cpw Hcp hy‡n-bmbn kºq¿Æ-ambn

ebn®p tNcp-I-bp-≈q.

a\ v, lrZbw, hnImcw, Ah-b-h-ß-fpsS ]h¿Ø\w Ch-sb√mw

XnI-hp‰ coXn-bn¬ GIo-`m-h-tØmsS ]h¿Øn°p∂ aq∂p-t]-cpsS

X¬k-a (Identical Triplets) NnX-amWv CXv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xv.

aq∂p t]cn¬ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-sSbpw A\p-`-h-ßƒ aq∂p t]cpw ]q¿W-

ambpw ]¶p sh°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXv kw`-hn-°pIbmsW-¶n¬

]nXmhv, ]pX≥, ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv Ch¿ tN¿∂v cq]w \¬Ip∂

XnXzsØ ∏‰n Fs¥-¶nepw \ap°v IqSp-X-embn a\- n-em-°m-am-bn-

cp∂p. F∂m¬ aq∂p-t]cpw aq∂v kzX¥ hy‡n-Xz-ß-fmbn \n¬°p-

∂-Xp-sIm-≠mWv ]iv\-ß-fp-≠m-hp-∂-Xv. AØcw Hcp k¶ev]w

InkvXp-a-X-Ønse XnXzw F∂ Bi-b-Øn\v tNcp-∂-X-√. C\n

aq∂v hy‡n-Xz-ß-fp≈ Hcp hy‡n F∂v Hcp hnizm-kn-sb-s°m≠v

\n¿_-‘n®v AwKo-I-cn-∏n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Xs∂ Hcp hy‡n-bn¬

aq∂v hy‡n-Iƒ Dƒs°m-≈p-tºmƒ amXta AØcw Hcp k¶ev]w

km£m¬°-cn°m≥ km[n-°q. AXp Xs∂ \nc-h[n ]iv\-ßƒ

Dƒs°m-≈p-∂-Xm-Wv. ChnsS ]d-™-Xp-t]mse a\p-jy-i-co-c-tØmSp

D]-an°pw hn[w ssZh-Øn\v Hcp ico-c-an√. AXpsIm≠v AXv ChnsS

tbmPn-°p-∂-X-√ F∂ hmZhpw Nq≠n-°m-´m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Xo¿®-bmbpw

a\p-jy-i-cocw t]mse-sbmcp icocw ssZh-Øn-\n-√ F∂v \ap-°-dn-

bmw. C\n AXv aq∂v X¬k-a-ßfpw kz¥-amb hy‡n-Xz-ß-fp-ap≈

Bflo-bm-kvXn-Xz-am-sW-¶n¬ Xs∂ ]iv\w ]ns∂bpw Ah-ti-jn-

°p-∂p.

km¶-ev]n-I-amb Cu ssXXzm-hÿ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ as‰mcp

]iv\w Bcm-[\m kw_-‘-amb Ah¿ XΩn-ep≈ _‘-sØ-°p-dn-

®mWv. aq∂n¬ H∂v F∂ Cu ssZh k¶-ev]-Ønse Bflob hy‡n-

XnXzw


Xz-ßƒ Hcmƒ as‰m-cmsf Bcm-[n-°ptam? Ch¿ aqhcpw XΩn-ep-≈

]c-kv]c _‘-Øns‚bSn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ ]m¿∞\ \S-ØmsX

ChcpsS krjvSn-Iƒ \S-Øp∂ ]m¿∞\ XnXz-Ønse aq∂v ssZh-

ßfpw kzoI-cn-°ptam?

]pXnb \nbaØn¬ tbip InkvXp ]nXm-hmb ssZhsØ Bcm-

[n-°p-∂-Xmbn Bh¿Øn®p ]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p. A]-Imcw sNøm≥

a‰p-f-f-hsc D]-tZ-in-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. F∂m¬ AØ-c-Øn¬ ]cn-

ip-≤m-flm-hns\ Bcm-[n-°m≥ tbip Bscbpw D]-tZ-in-®-Xmbn

]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ ImWp-∂p-an-√. ]nXm-hmb ssZhsamgnsI

Xs∂tbm ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s\tbm Bcm-[n-°m≥ tbip ]d-™-Xmbn

Hcn-°epw ]pXnb \nb-a-Øn¬ ImWn®p Xcp-hm≥ km[y-a√. C°m-

cy-Øn¬ XnXz-Ønse a‰p c≠p-t]-cp-sSbpw A`mhw GsXm-cm-fnepw

IuXp-I-ap-W¿Øpw.

]nXm-hn-t\m-sSm∏w ]pX-\mb ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-°pI F∂Xv

InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°n-S-bn¬ hym]-I-amb Hcp kº-Zm-b-am-Wv. ]t£,

tbip-hns‚ `qhmkØn-\nS-bn¬ Xs‚ injy-∑m-cn-em-sc-¶nepw At±-

lsØ Bcm-[n-®-Xmtbm tbip Ah-tcmSv A]-Imcw D]-tZ-in-®-

Xmtbm tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ø-s∏-´n-´n-√. At±lw A]-Imcw sNbvXn-cp∂psh-

¶n¬ Xs∂ AXv DØ-c-an-√mØ At\Iw tNmZy-ßƒ Db¿Øp-am-

bn-cp-∂p. CtX ssZhXzw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn¬ Btcm-]n-®p-sIm≠v

ho≠pw tNmZy-ap-b-cp-∂p. F¥p-sIm≠v ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn\v Bcp-sSbpw

Bcm-[\ Bh-iy-an-√msX h∂p?

H∂n¬ aq∂v F∂ Ah-ÿ-bn¬ aq∂v hy‡n-Xz-ß-fp-sSbpw

AkvXn-Xz-Øns‚ Alw-t_m[w AYhm kzmflm t_m[w H∂m-bn-

cp-∂-t∏mƒ t]mepw `mh-Ønepw Ah-ÿ-bnepw Ah¿ aq∂mbn hn`-

Pn-X-am-bn-cp-∂p F∂ Imcyw hni-Z-ambn \mw ]cn-tim-[n®p Ign-™p.

AØcw hnh-c-WØ-nse Hcp AkvXn-XzsØ (Being) bp‡n-]-c-ambn

"H∂nse aq∂p hy‡n-Iƒ' F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°m≥ km[y-a-√. XnXz-

Ønse mh-ßfpw KpW-ßfpw Bcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. Ah-cpsS tIµ

t_m[sØ Xs∂ Ah¿ Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p-an-√. Hmtcm

hyXykvX hy‡n-I-fmbn Cu XnXz k¶ev]w a\- n-em-h-W-sa-¶n¬

Hcp BXy-¥nI hy‡n-t_m[w \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m≠v Ah¿°v Hmtcm-

cp-Ø¿°pw kzX¥-bmb hy‡nXzw D≠m-bn-cn-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. B

hy‡n-t_m-[-am-I-s´, Hcp hy‡n-bp-sS t_m[w t]mse Xncn-®-dn-b-

s∏-SpIbpw thWw.

A-√m-Ø-]£w "Rm≥' "\o', "Ah≥' F∂n-ßs\ Ah¿ Xs∂

XnXzw


kwt_m[\ sNøp∂ ]iv\w D¤-hn-°p-∂n-√-t√m. XnXzsØ KpW-

Øn-e-√msX as‰m-∂nepw H∂mbn ImWm≥ km[y-a√-. ssZh-Øns‚

KpWsØ kw_-‘n-®m-sW-¶n¬ AsXm-cn-°epw aq∂n¬ ]cn-an-X-s∏-

Sp-Øm≥ km[y-a-√. \mw Adn-™mepw Cs√-¶nepw ssZh-Øn\v FÆn-

bms-em-Sp-ßmØ KpW-ß-fp-≠v.

Cu N¿® \ap°v D]-kw-l-cn-°mw. XnXz-Ønse aq∂p t]cpw

Xpey ]Z-hn-Itfm kz`mh KpW-ßtfm C√mØ aq∂v hyXykvX

hy‡n-I-fm-sW-¶n¬ amXsa Hcmƒ as‰m-cmsf Bcm-[n-°p∂ ]iv\w

DZv`-hn-°p-∂p-≈q. ChnsS Hcmƒ amXta Bcm-[-\°v A¿l-\m-bp-

≈q. a‰p c≠p-t]cpw H∂m-as\ Bcm-[n-°p-∂-h-cm-sW-∂-Xn-\m¬ Ah-

cpsS ÿm\w Aev]w Xmsg-bm-sW∂v Icp-Xmw. CXn¬ \ns∂√mw

ho-≠pw e`n-°p∂ DØcw "XnXz-Ønse GIXzw' (Oneness in Trin-ity) A]-Xy-£-am-Ip-∂p F∂-Xm-Wv. GXm-bmepw \nßƒ°v "aq∂n¬

H∂v' "H∂n¬ aq∂v' F∂v Htc-k-abw k¶-ev]n-°m≥ km[ya√.

CØ-cp-W-Øn¬ Fs‚ Hm¿Ω-bn¬ hcp∂ Hcp ^enXw \nß-fp-

ambn ]¶n-Sm-\m-K-ln-°p-∂p. Aao¿ Xnaq-dns\ Gsd ckn-∏n® tPml

Fs∂mcp ]i-kvX-\m-sbmcp sIm´m-c-hn-Zq-j-I-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. _mKvZmZv

BI-a-W-Im-eØv bp≤-ap-X-en-t\m-sSm∏w e`n® tPmlsb Xnaq¿

IqsS sIm≠p-h-cn-Ibpw apJy-sIm-´mc hnZq-j-I-\mbn \nb-an-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. amwk-`-£Ww tPml-bpsS Hcp Zu¿_-ey-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXv

aXn-h-cp-thmfw H‰°v Xs∂ Ign-°Wsa∂v At±-l-Øn\v BK-l-ap-

≠m-bn. amwk hn¬]-\-°m-c-\n¬ \n∂pw tPml c≠v Intem Cd®n

hmßn-s°m-≠p-h-∂p. kzmZn-jvS-amb coXn-bn¬ Cd®n ]mIw sNøm≥

`mcy-tbmSp ]d-™p. mcy-b-S°w Bcpw Xs∂ Cd-®n-sXm-´p-t\m-°m≥

IqSn ]mSn√ F∂v tPml Xs‚ ]Xv\n-tbmSv B⁄m-]n-®p. \n¿`m-Ky-

I-c-sa∂v ]d-bs´, amwk-`-£Ww ]mIw sNbvXp Ign™ t\cw

t\m°n tPml-bpsS `mcy-bpsS ktlm-Z-cßƒ bmZr-›n-I-ambn Ib-

dn-h∂p. Xo¿®-bmbpw ktlm-Z-c-ß-fpsS kµ¿i\w `mcy°v BÀm-Z-

I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw tPml°v AXv ]n∂oSv ZpxJ-I-c-ambn `hn-°p-

I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. tPml-bpsS `mcy-bpsS ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿°v hdpØ

amwk-Øns‚ ]tem-`-\o-b-amb K‘w kln-°m≥ Ign-™n√. ]ns∂-

sb¥v kw`-hn-®p-sh∂ Imcyw ]d-bm-\n-√-t√m. AXv apgp-h≥ Ah¿

Xn∂p Xo¿Øp. Ah-km-\sØ IjvWw hdpØ Cd-®nbpw Ign®v

BÀm-Z-`-cn-X-cmb ktlm-Zc-∑m¿ Xß-fpsS ktlm-Z-cn-tbmSp bmX

]d-™p. tPml-bpsS ]nb-]Xv\n BIp-e-Nn-Ø-bmbn. F∂n-cp-∂mepw

tPml hcp-tºmƒ ]d™p kam-[m-\n-∏n-°m≥ hniz-k-\o-b-amb Hcp

XnXzw


Hgn-hp-I-gnhv Is≠-Øn. sImXn-bq-dp∂ amwkm-lm-c-Øns‚ K‘hpw

Bkz-Zn®p h∂ tPml Xs‚ c≠v Intem Cd-®nsb∏‰n `mcy-tbmSp

Xnc-°n. `mcy tPml-bpsS ]nb-s∏´ ]q®sb Nq≠n-°m´n ]d™p:

"CXm t\m°p, \nßƒ°v Cu ]q®-bn¬ \n∂pw c≠v Intem amwkw

FSp-°m≥ Ign-bpsa-¶n¬ FSp-°p-I; Rm≥ tPmen-Øn-c-°n-em-bn-cp-

∂-t∏mƒ amwkw apgp-h≥ Ah≥ AI-Øm-°n.' CXp tI´-bp-Ss\

tPml Xs‚ ]q®sb Hcp Xmkn-en-cpØn Xq°n-t\m-°n. ]q®-bpsS

Xq°w IrXyw c≠v Intem amXw! tPml Xs‚ ]nb-X-a-bpsS t\sc

Xncn™p: ""A√tbm hXo, Rm≥ \ns∂ Xo¿®-bmbpw hniz-kn-°mw.

F∂m¬ CXv Fs‚ Cd-®n-bm-sW-¶n¬ Fs‚ ]q® Fhn-sS-t∏mbn?

CXv Fs‚ ]q®-bm-sW-¶n¬ FhnsS Fs‚ Cd®n?!'

Xami Ahn-sS-bn-cn-°s´, tbiphns‚ bYm¿∞hpw kXy-k-‘-

hp-amb A≤ym-]-\-ß-fpsS shfn-®-Øn¬ Rm\nXv N¿® sNøm≥ Dt±-

in-°p-∂n-√. CXv tbiphns‚ bYm¿∞ A≤ym-]-\-Øn¬ \n∂pw

_lp-Zqcw hyXn-N-en® InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Hcp k¶ev]w amX-amWv

F∂ hkvXpX Xpd-∂p-Im-´m-\mWv ]kvXpX Xami IY Rm\p-≤-

cn®-Xv.

tbip-hns\ Bcm-[n-°-W-sa∂v kqNn-∏n-°p∂ bmsXmcp hN-\hpw

ss__n-fn√ F∂v ]d-bp-tºmƒ CXp-ambn _‘-s∏´ eqt°mkv

24;52*se Htc-sbmcp ]c-am¿iw \ap°v hni-Zo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xmbn hcp-

∂p. tbip Xs∂ Bcm-[n-°m≥ A\p-bm-bn-Isf D¬t_m-[n-∏n®p F∂-

Xn\v Cu hN\w sXfn-hm-sW∂v ]ecpw Ah-Im-i-s∏-Sm-dp-≠v. Cu

hN\w eqt°m-kns‚ bYm¿∞ kphn-ti-j-Ønse hN-\-am-W∂v Ah-

Im-i-s∏-Sm≥ sXfn-hn√; ]kvXpX hN\w IrXnaambn ]pXnb \nb-

a-Øn¬ IqSn-t®¿Ø-Xm-Wv. C°m-cysØ kw_-‘n®v B[p-\nI

ssIkvXh ]WvU-Xn-∑m¿ t_m[-hm-∑m-cm-Wv.

kphn-ti-j-Ønse sXfn-hp-Iƒ ]n¥p-W-®mepw Cs√-¶nepw s]mXp-

hmb ssIkvXh BNm-c-k-º-Zm-b-ß-ƒ F¥m-sW∂v \ap°v ]cn-

tim-[n-°mw. C∂v ImWp∂ ssIkvXh hn`m-K-Ønse _lp-`q-cn-]-

£hpw tbip-hns\ ssZh-Øns‚ ]pX-\mbn Bcm-[n-°p-∂p. Ah¿

Bcm-[n-°p∂ AtX tbip ]nXm-hmb ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-®ncp∂-

Xmbn F√m-hcpw kΩ-Xn-°pIbpw sNøp-∂p. tbip kzbw ssZh-

Øns‚ Ahn-`m-Py-L-S-I-am-Wv. amX-a√ aq∂p-hy-‡n-I-fm-sW-¶nepw

GIm-fl-I-am-sW∂ t_m[w P\n-∏n-®p-sIm≠v tbip Ah-cn¬

* Ah¿ Ahs\ Bcm-[n-®n´v hfsc kt¥m-j-tØm-Sp-IqSn sPdp-k-te-an-te°p aS-

ßn-t∏mbn (eq-t°mkv : 24:52)

XnXzw


kºq¿Æ-ambpw ebn-®p-tN¿∂-Xp-am-Wv. F∂n-cns° ]nXm-hmb

ssZhsØ tbip Bcm[n-°p-∂-Xns‚ bp‡n-sb-¥mWv? DØcw e`n-

°n-s√∂dnbm-sa-¶nepw InkvXob ]fin-X-∑m-tcmSv Rm≥ CS-°nsS

CØcw tNmZy-ßƒ hrYm tNmZn-°m-dp-≠v.

XnXz-Ønse ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv F∂v hnfn-°-s∏-Sp∂ aq∂m-asØ

hy‡nsb tbip Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw Bcm-[n-®n-´pt≠m? Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw

tbip At±-lsØ kzbw Bcm-[n-®n-´pt≠m? ]cn-ip-≤m-flmhv Ft∏m-

sg-¶nepw tbip-hns\ Bcm-[n-®n-´pt≠m? ]nXm-hmb ssZhw a‰p c≠p-

t]-sc-bpw Bcm-[n-®n- pt≠m? Bcm-[n-®n- n-s√-¶n¬ F¥psIm≠v? XnXz-

Ønse a‰p c≠v hy‡n-I-fpsS taepw ]nXm-hmb ssZh-Øn\v ta¬

ssI Ds≠∂v kΩ-Xn-°m≥ Hcp-]t£ CØcw tNmZy-ßƒ°v apºn¬

InkvXym-\n-Iƒ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-hpw. AhnSw apX¬ XnXz-Ønse aq∂v

hy‡n-Ifpw Ah-cpsS ]Z-hn-I-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ X¬k-a-ß-f√

F∂p hcp-∂p. AXm-bXv Ah¿ "aq∂n¬ aq∂v' Xs∂-bmbn \n¬°p-

∂p. (Three in Three) aqhcpw aq∂mbn thdn-´p-\n¬°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬

Hcn-°epw Ah¿ "aq∂n¬ H∂mbn'cn°n√.

]nXm-hm-b ssZhsØ Bcm-[n-®ncp∂ ]pX-\mb tbip-hns\∏‰n-

bp≈ tNmZyw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-tºm-ƒ InkvXy≥ ]-WvUn-X-∑m¿ Ah-

Im-i-s∏-Sp-∂Xv tbip-hn-ep≈ a\p-jy-\mWv ]nXm-hmb ssZhsØ

Bcm-[n-®n-cp-∂Xv, ssZh-Øns‚ ]pX-\mb tbip-h√ F∂m-Wv. Cu

DØcw \mw CXn\v apºv N¿® sNbvXp Ign™ Imcy--ß-fn-te°v

Xs∂ \sΩ Xncn®p sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-∂p. AXm-bXv tbip-hns‚ ico-

c-Øn¬ Fßs\ a\p-jy-s‚bpw ssZh ]pX-t‚-Xp-amb c≠v

t_m[ßƒ \ne-sIm≠p? amX-a√ F¥p-sIm≠v tbip-hn-ep-≈ a\p-

jym-flmhv At±-l-Øn¬ Xs∂ IpSn-sIm-≠ncp∂ ssZh ]pXs\

Ah-K-Wn-®p? ssZhmw-iamb InkvXp-hn-t\m-sSm∏w Htc ico-c-Øn¬

hkn-®n-cp∂ AtX tbip F¥p-sIm≠v aq∂mw LSI-amb ]cn-ip-

≤m-flm-hns\ Bcm-[n-®n-√?

Bcm-[\ F∂Xv ico-c-Øns‚ ]Xo-ImflI Ne-\-ß-fn-eqsS ]I-

Sn-∏n-°p∂ a\- n-t‚bpw Bflm-hn-s‚bpw A\p-jvTm-\-ß-fm-Wv. AXv

hy‡n-bpsS sshIm-cn-Ihpw am\p-jn-I-hp-amb hy‡n-Xz-Øn-e-[n-jvSn-

X-amb Hcp I¿Ω--am-Wv. Bb-Xn-\m¬ tbip-InkvXp ssZhsØ Bcm-

[n-®-t∏mƒ BcmWv ]m¿∞n-®sX∂v Xocp-am-\n-°-s∏-S-Ww. ssZh-

Øns‚ ]pX-\mb InkvXp Bcm-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xnse k¶o¿W-XIsf

kw_-‘n®v \mw th≠Xv t]mse N¿® sNbvXp-I-gn-™p. AXn\p

hn]-co-X-ambn tbip F∂ a\p-jy≥ ]nXm-hmb ssZhsØ amXwXnXzw


Bcm-[n-°p-Ibpw InkvXp-hns\ Bcm-[n-°m-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-

sh-¶n¬ tbip `qan-bn¬ kzbw ImWn®p X∂ Cu ]cn-ip-≤-am-Xr-I

F¥n\v InkvXym-\n-Iƒ \ncm-I-cn-°-Ww.? G‰hpw ASpØv Xs‚

]¶m-fn-bmbn Htc ico-c-Øn¬ hkn-®n´pw a\p-jy-\mb tbip Xs‚

]¶m-fn-bmb InkvXp-hns\ Bcm-[n-®n-´n-√. ]ns∂-sb-¥n\v Ah¿

ssZhsØ IqSmsX InkvXp-hns\ Bcm-[n-°-Ww?

X¬k-a-ßfpw ]c-kv]cw Xpey-ß-fp-ambKpW-ß-tfmSp IqSnb hyXykvX hy‡n-Xz-ßƒ

H∂n-t\m-sSm∂v hyXy-kvX-am-bXpw, kºq¿Æhpw, X¬k-a--

ßfpw aq∂v hy‡n-Xz-ß-fp-≈-Xp-amb XnXz-Ønse H∂n¬ aq∂v F∂

t^m¿ape as‰mcp ho£W tImWn-eqsS \ap°v ho≠p-sam∂v ]cn-

tim-[n°mw. \mw Ct∏mƒ aq∂v hyXykvX cq]-ß-fp≈Xpw H∂n¬

tbmPn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xp-amb Hcp hy‡n-sb-°p-dn-®√ ChnsS ]cm-

a¿in°p∂Xv. kam\ cq]-ß-fp≈ aq∂v hy‡n-Xz-ßsf°pdn-®mWv

AYhm ssXXz (Triplet) ßsf-°p-dn-®m-Wv. Cu ssXXz hy‡n-Xz-

ßƒ kºq¿Æ X¬k-a-ß-fm-Wv. Cu kºq¿Æ X¬k-a-ßƒ

AXns‚ cq]-Øn¬ amXw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂n-√. AXns‚ F√m Nn¥-

I-fnepw sshIm-cnI ]In-b-I-fnepw Cu X¬k-aX \nd™p

\n¬°p∂p. Ah¿ XßfpsS Nn¥-I-tfbpw hnIm-c-ß-tfbpw A\p-`-

h-ß-tfbpw X¬k-a--ß-fmbn ]¶p-sh-°p-∂p. Cu Imcy-Øn¬ XnXz-

Ønse aq∂n¬ cs≠Æw A\m-h-iy-am-sW∂v Hcmƒ°v kΩ-Xn-t°-

≠n-h-cpw. Cu aq∂n¬ c≠v C√m-Xmbm¬ t]mepw XnXz-Øn¬ Ah-

ti-jn-°p∂ B H∂ns\ Atijw _m[n-°n-√. B H∂v ]cn-]q¿Æ-

\mbn Xs∂ \ne-\n¬°p-∂p.

hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ CtX tNmZyw Db¿Øp-∂p-≠v. ssZhw tbip

InkvXp-hn-t\bpw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-t\bpw \in-∏n®v XpS®p am‰n-°-gn-

™m¬ ]Xm]hm\w A\-iz-c\pw kºq¿Æ-\p-amb ssZh-Øn\v

F¥v am‰-am-Wp-≠m-hp-I? Aßs\ sNøp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw B¿°mWv

Ahs\ XSbm-\m-hpI? (5:18) ssZh-Øns‚ F√m KpW-ßfpw imiz-

X-ambn XpS-cp-∂-Xm-sW∂v Cu hN\w DZvtLm-jn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m-¬

ChnsS hnh-cn-°-s∏´ XnXzw \nc¿∞-Ihpw A\m-h-iy-hp-ambn `hn-

°p-∂p.

Fßs\ Icp-Xn-bmepw icn, XnXz-Ønse aq∂v hy‡n-Ifpw aq∂v

hyXykvX ]hrØn-I-fmWv \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂-Xv. Cu ssZh k¶ev]w

ÿm-]n-s®-Sp-°m≥ Cu aq∂p LS-I-ßfpw AXym-h-iy-amWp Xm\pw.

XnXzw


ChnsS aq∂p hyXykvX ssZh-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw kl-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v

]cn-]q¿Æ cay-X-tbmsS kl-Po-h\w \S-Øp-I-bmWv. Bb-Xn-\m¬

Ah¿ aqs∂-Æ-Ønse aq∂v ssZh-ß-fmWv (Three Gods in three)adn®v H∂nse aq∂v ssZh-ß-f√ (Not Three Gods in one).

hnhn[ Ah-b-h-ßfpw ]h¿Ø-\-ßfpw Hcp hy‡n-bn¬ kwtbm-

Pn-°-s∏-´Xp t]mse H-∂mWv XnXz-sa-¶n¬ Xo¿®-bmbpw GIX \ne-

\n¿Øm-am-bn-cp∂p. ]t£, AXv XnXz-am-hn-√. F∂m¬ ChnsS \mw

N¿® sNøp-∂Xv hnhn[ Ah-b-h-ßfp≈ Hcp hy‡n-sb-°p-dn-®-√.

adn®v XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-amb aq∂v hy‡n-I-sf-°p-dn-®m-Wv. Htc

t]mse ]h¿Øn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ Ah¿ XßfpsS Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cp-

sSbpw hy‡n-Xz-ßƒ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂p. hnhn[ Ah-b-h-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-

Snb Hcp hy‡-nsb AhX-cn-∏n-°p--I-bmWv Cu N¿®-bn-eqsS sNøp-

∂-sX-¶n¬ AXn¬ bmsXmcp Abp-‡n-I-X-bp-an-√. ]t£ Hmtcm

Ah-b-h-ßfpw Hmtcm hy‡n-I-fmbn IW-°m-°p-Ibpw AtX-k-abw

Ah-sb√mw IqSn ka-K-ambn Hcp hy‡n-bmbnØocp-Ibpw sNøpI

F∂Xv bp‡n°v hncp-≤hpw CXv kw_-‘-amb F√m N¿®-Ifpw

Akzo-Im-cy-ambnØocp-Ibpw sNøpw. Xo¿®-bmbpw Ah-b-h-ßƒ°v

AXn-t‚-Xmb sshb-‡n-I-X-bp-≠v. ]t£ Ah-bpsS hy‡nXzw ka-

K-amb Hcp hy‡n-Xz-Øns‚ Hcp LSIw amX-am-Wv. B hy‡n

Hcp Ah-bhw amX-a√ Dƒs°m-≈p-∂Xv. a‰p Ah-b-h-ßfpw B

hy‡n-bn-ep-≠v. Hcm-fn-ep≈ AØcw Ah-b-h-ß-fpsS ka-Km-h-ÿ-

bn-emWv B hy‡nsb \mw a\p-jy≥ F∂p hnfn-°p-∂-Xv. Xo¿®-

bmbpw Xmc-X-tay\ sNdnb [¿Ω-ßƒ \n¿∆-ln-°p∂ AØcw Ah-

b-h-ßƒ C√m-sXbpw a\p-jy\v a\p-jy-\mbn \ne-\n¬°m≥ Ign-

bpw. ]t£ Hcp kºq¿Æ a\p-jy\v km[mcW a\p-jy\v Bh-

iyamb F√m Ah-b-h-ßfpap≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. Aßs\ Cu Ah-b-

h-ß-fpsS kºq¿Æm-h-ÿ-bn-emWv Hcmƒ Hcp ]q¿Æ a\p-jy-\m-hp-

∂-Xv.

t]mƒ F∂v hnfn-°p∂ Hcm-fpsS DZm-l-cWw \ap-s°-Sp-°mw.

t]mfns‚ Icƒ, lrZ-bw, izmk-tIm-iw, InUv\n apX-emb Ah-b-h-

ßƒ°v ]tXyI [¿Ω-ßƒ \n¿∆-ln-°p∂ hy‡nXzaps≠-∂n-cns°

Ah-sb√mw t]mfns\ ]q¿W-ambpw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ km[n-°p∂ hy‡n-

I-fm-sW∂v Bcpw ]d-bm-dn-√. InUv\n-bn-eqsS t]mfns\ ]q¿W-ambpw

Xncn-®-dn-b-W-sa-¶n¬ InUv\n ka-K-ambn XnI®pw t]mfn-s\-t]mse

XnXzw


]h¿Øn-°-Ww. AXv t]mse ]h¿Øn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ a‰-h-b-h-

ß-sf-°p-dn®pw Aßs\ ]d-bmw. Hmtcm Ah-b-h-ß-fp-sSbpw A`m-

htam ]Icw sh°tem t]mfns‚ kz`m-h-Øn¬ bmsXmcp am‰hpw

hcp-Øp-∂n√ F∂ hkvXpXbpw ]cn-K-Wn-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. AXm-bXv

t]mfn\v Abm-fpsS izmk-tIm-iw, lrZ-bw, InUv\n, akvXnjvIw

F∂o Ah-b-h-ßƒ am‰n-bmepw t]mƒ t]mfm-bnØs∂ XpS-cpw.

A¥na hni-I-e-\-Øn¬ B Ah-b-h-ß-sf√mw Htcm∂pw Ds≠¶nepw

Cs√-¶nepw t]mƒ F∂ hy‡n°v bmsXmcp am‰hpw kw`-hn-°p-∂n√

H∂n¬ aq∂v (Three in one) F∂ k¶-ev]-ap-s≠-¶n¬ bp‡n D]-

tbm-Kn®v InkvXp-a-XsØ hna¿in-°p-∂Xv sX‰m-Wv. C°m-esØ

InkvXp-a-X-Øn¬ bp‡n Btcm-]n-°pI F∂m¬ B bp‡n amIv_-

Ønse b£n-Iƒ ]d™ bp‡n-t]msebncn-°pw. AXm-bXv \∑

Xn∑-bmWv, Xn∑ \∑-bp-am-Wv. (Fair is foul and foul is fair)1

1. Macbeth - By William Shakespeare

XnXzw

A≤ymbw 7

InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ ]cn-Wmaw

InkvXp-aXØns‚ ASn-ÿm\ kn≤m-¥-amb XnXzw InkvXp-

hns‚ PohnX ImeØv InkvXp-a-X-Øn¬ C√mØ H∂m-Wv. Cu

kn≤m¥w cq]-s∏-´p-h-cm≥ XpS-ßn-bXv InkvXp-hns‚ Iqio-I-c-W-

Øn\p tijw amX-am-sWt∂ ]c-am-h[n ]d-bm≥ km[y-am-hq. hy‡-

ambn \n¿∆-Nn-°-s∏´ cq]-Ønepw `mh-Ønepw InkvXp-aXw cq]-s∏-

´p-h-cm≥ \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ FSp-Øn-´p-≠v. hyXykvX aX-Ønepw kwkvIm-

c-Ønepw ]mc-º-cy-Ønepw Dƒs∏´ InkvXy≥ ssZh-im-kvX-⁄-cp-

tSbpw XXz-imkvX hnZ-Kv[-cp-tSbpw Xo£vWhpw hnhm-Zm-fl-I-hp-amb

kpZo¿L kwhm-Z-]-In-b-I--fn -eq-sS-bmWv XnXz-hmZw IS-∂p-h--∂Xv.

BZy-Im-eØv InkvXp-a-X-Øns\ hc-th‰ ]e tZi-ß-fnsebpw

anØp-Ifpw ]mc-º-cy-ßfpw hºn® tXmXn¬ InkvXp-a-XsØ kzm[o-

\n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ aqJy-amb XmgvØSn PqX-aX

]mc-º-cy-Øn-t‚-Xm-Wv. InkvXp-aXw cq]-s∏- p-h∂ BZy-Im-e-ß-fn¬

AXns‚ hnizm-khpw XØz-im-kvX-hp-sa√mw hf¿∂p hnI-kn-®Xv

PqX-a-X-Øns‚ hnem-k-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ BZy-Ime

Ncn-X-ØnepS-\ofw Cu PqX-aX kzm[o\w G‰hpw ]_-e-ambn

cp∂p. PqX-aX hn`m-K-Øn¬s]-´-h-cmWv tbip-hn¬ \n∂v t\cn´v

InkvXp-aXw ]Tn-°p-Ibpw tbip-hns‚ Pohn-X-Øn\v km£yw hln-

°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv. tbip-hns‚ hnip-≤-amb A≤ym-]-\-ß-fp-sS-bpw,

PohnX ]mT-ß-fp-sSbpw `qan-I-bn¬ Bg-Øn¬ thcp-I-fp-≈-h¿ Ah-

cm-Wv. tbip-hns\ kzoI-cn® Cu PqX-a-X-ÿ¿ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p

tbip-hns‚ Iqio-I-c-W-Øn\v km£yw hln-®Xpw B h[-i-a-Øn¬

\n∂pw tbip-hns‚ AXn-Po-h\w t\m°n-°-≠Xpw.

tbip-hns‚ BZy-in-jy∑m¿

BZna InkvXym-\n-Iƒ, tbip-hns‚ ]Ir-XsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am-

°nbpw tamk-kns‚ \nb-a-ßsf ]n¥p-S-cp-∂-Xns\ B[m-c-am-°nbpw

ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-ambn hn -Pn-°-s∏- -Xmbn ImWp-∂p. InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚

c≠m-asØ hnIm-k-L´w, ]pXn-sbmcp Bi-bKXnbpw XØz-im-


kvXhpw InkvXp-a-X-Øn\v \¬Inb sk‚ v t]mfns\ B[m-c-am-°n-

s°m-≠p-≈-Xm-Wv. sk‚ v t]mfpw kmXzn-I-\mb bmt°m_pw (James)XΩn¬ auenIambn A`n-]mb hyXym-kßfp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. bmt°m_v

sPdp-ktew k` ]cn-]m-en-®-t∏mƒ t]mƒ ]m›mXy cmPy-ß-fn-emWv

kphn-tijw ]kw-Kn-®-Xv. apJy-ambpw ]pdw-Pm-Xn-Iƒ (Gentile)°nS-

bn-emWv At±lw ]Nm-cWw \S-Øn-b-Xv. ]m›mXy k` t]mfns‚

BZ¿i-ß-fmWv ]n∂oSv kzoI-cn-®-Xv. F∂m¬ sPdp-ktew k` GI-

ssZ-hkn≤m¥-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-amb A≤ym-]-\-ß-fmWv Ah-ew-_n-®-

Xv.

bmt°m-_ns‚ k`m-ip-iq-j-bpsS e-am-bn- mbncp∂p F_n-tbm-

ssW‰v (Ebionites) F∂ hn`mKw DS-se-Sp-Ø-Xv. km[p (The meek),

Zcn-Z¿ (The poor) F∂o A¿∞-ß-fp≈ "F_n-tbm\nw' F∂ ln_p-

hm-°n¬ \n∂mWv F_n-tbm-ssW‰v F∂ \maw D¤qX-am-b-Xv. PqX

InkvXym-\n-I-fm-bn-cp-∂ F_n-tbm-ssW-‰p-Iƒ tbip-hns\ aninlm

(a-ko-lv) Bbn-´mWv kzoI-cn-®-Xv, ssZh-]p-X-\m-bn-´√. Ah¿ tamk-

kns‚ \nba-ßƒ I¿i-\-ambn ]n¥p-S¿∂p. ln_p -kp-hn-ti-jw,

F_n-tbm-ssW-‰v kphnti-jw, \km-dm-b-cpsS kphn-tijw F∂o

t]cp-I-fn-emWv F_n-tbm-ssW-‰p-I-fpsS kphn-tijw Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.

F_n-tbm-ssW-‰p-I-sf-°p-dn®v ]e tkmX- p-I-fn¬ \n∂pw e-`y-amb

hnh-c-ßƒ C]-Im-c-am-Wv.

4mw \q‰m-≠n¬ Pohn® kok-dm-bnse (Cesaraea) Cbq-kn-_kv

Fgp-Xnb "k`-bpsS NcnXw' (The History of Church) F∂ KŸ-Ønse

"shkv]m-kn-b-\n¬ \n∂pw SmP-\n-te°v' (Vespasian to Trajan) F∂

aq∂mw ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ F_n-tbm-ssW-‰p-Isf kw_-‘n®v ]cm-a¿i-

ap-≠v. tbip-hns‚ \nehmc-an-√m-ØXpw \n m-c-hp-amb A`n-]m-b-ß-

fn¬ \n∂mWv "F_n-tbm-ssW-‰p-Iƒ' F∂ \maw D¤hn®-sX∂v

]d™v KŸ-Im-c≥ Ah-cpsS ho£-W-ßsf ]cn-l-kn-°p-∂p-≠v.

kz`m-h-Kp-W-ß-fpsS al-XzØneqsS Atß-b‰w kmXzn-I-\m-bn-

Øo¿∂ Hcp km[m-cW a\p-jy-\mWv tbip F∂mWv F_n-tbm-

ssW-‰p-Iƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂Xv. PqX-∑m-sc-t]mse Ah¿ apd]Imcw

im∫Øv BN-cn-®p. hnizm-k-Øn-eqsS amXw tam£w In´p-sa∂

t]mfns‚ Bibw Ah¿ X≈n-°-f-™p. ]kvXpX KŸ-Im-c≥

as‰mcp F_n-tbm-ssW‰v Kq∏n-s\-°p-dn®pw ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂p≠v. Ah¿

I\y-Im-]-k-h-Ønepw ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hnepw hniz-kn-®-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p.

]t£, ssZhw F∂ \ne°v P\n-°p-∂-Xn\v aptº hN-\hpw ⁄m\-

hp-ambn tbip \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂p F∂ kn≤m-¥sØ Ah¿ \ncm-I-

cn®p. aØm-bn-bpsS kphn-ti-j-am-bn-cn-°m≥ km[y-X-bp≈ "ln_q-



kp-hn-tijw' Bbn-cp∂p Ah¿ ]n¥p-S¿∂Xv. im∫Øpw a‰p -PqX

BNm-c-ßfpw ]men-®p-t]m-∂ Ah¿ Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬∏pw BN-cn®p

t]m∂p. (1)

B¿. Cukvam≥ Xs‚ 'Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered' (Nm-hp-I-S¬

Nqcp-fpIƒ ad\o°p-∂p) F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ F_n-tbm-ssW-‰p-I-

fpsS ]›m-Øew hnh-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. bmt°m_v (sP-bnwkv kmZn°v,

ktZm°v ˛ kmXzn-I≥ F∂v A¿∞w) BZy \q‰m-≠ns‚ a[y-L´-

Øn¬ (G-I-tZiw G.-Un. 40-˛60) sPdp-sktew k`-bpsS t\Xm-hm-bn-

cp∂bm-fm-Wv. qX-Im-esØ kvacn-®p-sIm≠v ]d-bp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Cu

kaqlw ]e-kvXo-\nse PqX InkvXym-\n-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. F_n-tbm-

ssW-‰p-Iƒ Cu imJ-bn¬ \n∂mWv cq]w sIm≠-Xv.(2)

bmt°m-_ns\ ]n≥]-‰nb Cu kaqlw "Zcn-Z¿' F∂ t]cn-emWv

Adn-b-s∏- n-cp-∂-Xv. (Kem-Øn-b¿. 2:10, bmt°m_v. 2:3˛5) "Zcn-Z¿' F∂

hnti-jWw tbip-hns‚ Kncn-]-`m-j-W-Ønepw Nmhp-I-S¬ Nqcp-fp-I-

fnepw ImWmw. Nmhp-I-S¬ Npcpƒ Fgp-Xn-b-h¿°v ka∑mcmWv F_n-

tbm-ssW-‰p-Iƒ F∂v ]e coXn-bnepw Cukvam≥ Icp-Xp-∂p. \ymb

]amWØns‚ hnizmkw XyPn-®-h-\m-Wv t]mƒ F∂v Icp-Xn-bn-cp∂

F_n-tbm-ssW-‰p-Iƒ kmXzn-I-\mb sPbnw-kns\ BZ-cn-°p-Ibpw

tbip Ah-cpsS a\p-jy-\mb ako-lm-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw

sNbvXp. Ah¿ \nb-ahpw im∫Øpw I¿i-\-ambn AXyp¬km-l-

tØmsS ]men®p t]m∂p. bmt°m-_ns\ Ah¿ G‰hpw D∂-X-\mbn

KWn-°p-Ibpw t]mfns\ iXp-hmbn (aØmbn 13:25-˛40) Icp-Xp-Ibpw

sNbvXp. (3)

s_-bvK‚ v, telv, en≥tIm-fn≥ F∂n-h¿ tN¿s∂-gp-Xnb "sakn-

bm-\nIv eoKkn' (The Messianic Legacy) F∂ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ F_n-

tbm-ssW-‰p-Iƒ, Kvt\mÃn-°p-Iƒ (Gnostics), am\n-t°-b-∑m¿

(Manicheans), km_n-b-∑m¿ (Sabians), am≥Un-b≥ aX-°m¿ (Mandeans),s\tÃm-dn-b≥kv (Nestorians), F¬°m-ssk‰kv (Elkasites) F∂n-h-

cpsS A≤ym-]-\-ß-fpsS bYm¿∞ tkmX v \kvdo≥ XØz-im-kvX-

(Nazarene Philosophy) am-sW∂v hnh-cn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. Ah¿ \kvdo≥

XØz-im-kvXsØ∏‰n ]cm-a¿in-°p-∂Xv C]-Im-c-am-Wv:

"tbip-hn-s\-°p-dn®pw At±-l-Øns‚ A≤ym-]-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw

]Tn-°p-tºmƒ AhbpsS A¥na tkmX v \kvdo\pI-fn¬ \n∂m-

sW∂v ImWmw. AXm-bXv tbip-hn-\m¬ shfn-hm-°s∏´Xpw bmt°m-

(1) Eusebius: The History of the Church' Page: 90-91 (Penguin 1989).(2) Dead sea scrolls uncovered', R - Eisehman and M. Wise, P. 186 [Element Books,1992] (3) Ibid - 233-34



_v, bqZm AYhm bqZm tXmakv F∂n-hcpw Ahsc XpS¿∂p-≈-hcpw

]t_m-[n-®Xp-am-Wv Ah. Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-ßƒ Ch-bmWv:

1. tamk-kns‚ \nb-a-tØm-Sp≈ I¿i-\-amb hnt[-b-Xzw.

2. tbip ako-lm-sW∂ hnizmkw.

3. tbip-hns‚ km[m-cW P\-\-Øn-ep≈ hnizmkw

4. t]mfns‚ ho£-W-ß-tfm-Sp≈ FXn¿∏v.

CkvXmw-_q-fnse Hcp sse_-dn-bn¬ kq£n-°-s∏´ Hcp Ad_n

enJnX tiJ-c-ap≠v. CdmJv AXn¿Øn-tbmSp tN¿∂ sX°v ]Sn-™m-

d≥ Cdm-\nse Jqkn-ÿm≥ (Khuzistan) F∂ ÿeØv \n∂p≈

Hcp k\ymkn aT-Øn¬ \n∂v e`n-®-XmWv Cu IrXn. A©v Bdv

\q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ kpdn-bm\n `mj-bn¬ Fgp-X-s∏-´-Xpw "A¬ \kmd'

F∂v hnh-cn-°-s∏-´-Xp-amb Hcp KŸ-Øn¬ \n∂p-≈ D≤-c-Wn-Iƒ

Cu IrXn-bn-ep-≠v. G.-Un. 66-˛¬ sPdp-skew \in-∏n-°-s∏-´-t∏mƒ

AhnsS \n∂pw c£-s∏´ \kvdo≥ kwL-Øns‚ ho£-W-ß-fmWv

CXn¬ ]Xn-^-en-°p-∂Xv. tbip Hcp a\pjy\m-sW∂mWv AXn¬

]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xv. tamk-kns‚ \nb-a-ßƒ ]n¥p-S-cm\pw AXn¬

Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂p-≠v. t]mfns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ tbip-hns‚ aXw

Dt]-£n-°p-Ibpw tdmam-°m-cpsS aX-kn-≤m-¥-ßƒ kzoI-cn-°p-

IbpamWv sNbvXXv.' (1)

InkvXp-aXw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ ]s¶-SpØ F√m-hn[ kn≤m-

¥-ß-fnepw sh®v \kvdo≥ XXz-ß-fn¬ hniz-kn-®-h-cpsS kn≤m-¥-

ßƒ°v ap≥K-W\ \¬Ip-∂-Xm-Wv \oXn-]q¿∆-I-am-bn-´p-≈-Xv. Cu

BZna InkvXym-\n-Iƒ InkvXob XØz-ß-fpsS A¿∞w tbip-hn¬

\n∂p-Xs∂ t\cn-´p-]-Tn-®-Xm-Wv.

sk‚ v t]mfns‚ ]¶v

sk‚ v t]mfpw At±-l-Øns‚ Nn¥m-k-c-Wnbpw hy‡-ambpw

tbip-hns‚ PohnX ImeØv Ahn-sS-bn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. hmkvX-h-Øn¬

sk‚ v t]mfns‚ Imew apX¬°mWv InkvXp-aXw tdma≥ kmam-

Py-Øn∂p Iogn-ep≈ a‰p tZi-ß-fn-epw, ]mIrX tKmX aX-hn-izm-

kn-Iƒ°n-S-bnepw (t]-K≥kv) ]N-cn-®-Xv. A°m-eØv AXmXv tZi-

ß-fn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ kwkvIm-c-Øm-epw, CXn-lm-k-ß-fmepw

InkvXp-aXw i‡-ambn kzm[o-\n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw AXn-te°v Nmbp-

Ibpw sNbvXp. Aßs\ InkvXp-a-XØns‚ P∑-PmX ]hn-X-X-bn¬

\n∂pw AXv _lp-Zqcw AI-∂p-t]m-bn. sk≥dv t]mƒ Xs‚ kz¥w

(1). The Messianic Legacy - M. Baigent, R. Leigh H. Lincoln. P. 135-138 (CorgiBooks).



hI-bm-bp≈ anÃnknkw Iqń-°-e¿Øn-s°m≠v InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚

Cu inYn-eo-I-c-W-Øn\v B°w Iq´p-I-bp-≠m-bn. sk‚ v t]mƒ blq-

Z-\m-bn-cp-∂n-√. Xm≥ I≠ Hcp Z¿i-\-sam-gn®v tbip-hp-ambn t\cn´v

bmsXmcp _‘hpw At±-lØn-∂n-√m-bn-cp∂p. sshtZ-inI kwkvIm-

c-Øns‚ i‡-amb kzm[o-\-Øn\v t]mƒ apºp-Xs∂ hnt[-b\m-bn-

°-gn-™n-cp-∂p. AXn-\p-ti-j-amWv At±lw B Z¿i\w ImWp-∂Xv.

sk‚ v t]mfn\v c≠v hgn-I-fm-Wp-≠mbn-cp-∂-Xv. H∂v AXn-]p-cm-

X\ Imew apX¬°v Xs∂ tdma≥ kmam-Py-Øn¬ \ne-\n-∂p-t]m-

∂n-cp∂ A‘-hn-izm-k-ßƒ, anØp-Iƒ, CXn-lm-k-ßƒ F∂n-h-s°-

Xnsc ITn-\-ambn kacw sNøp-I. As√-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS Bh-iy-

ßƒ°pw C—-Iƒ°pw A\p-k-cn®v InkvXp-a-XsØ cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-

Øn-sb-Sp-°pI. CXm-bn-cp∂p B c≠p hgn-Iƒ. InkvXp-aXw tdmam

°mcpsS CXn-lm-k-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw anØp-I-fn¬ \n∂pw hn`n-∂-a√

F∂ ktµ-i-amWv tdma-°m¿°v t]mƒ \¬In-b-Xv. hfsc em`-I-c-

am-bXpw kuI-cy-]-Z-hp-amb c≠m-asØ hgn-bmWv At±lw kzoI-

cn-®-Xv. hnPm-Xo-b-cpsS temIØv hym]-I-ambn \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ XØz-

ßƒ°pw A`n-em-j-ßƒ°pw A\p-k-cn®v InkvXp-a-XsØ At±lw

am‰n-a-dn-®p.

Cu X¥w \∂mbn ên-®p. ]pXnb aX-Øn-te°v [mcmfw t]¿

]cn-h¿Ø\w sNbvXp h∂p. as‰mcp hn[-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬

CX-sb-fp-∏-Øn¬ Bsf Inń-√m-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£ F¥v _en-I-gn-®n-

´mWv B t\´-ap-≠m-°n-bXv? \n¿`m-Ky-I-c-sa∂v ]d-b-s´, DZm-Ø-amb

ssIkvXh aqey-ßfpw _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]mIr-X-tKm-X-

a-X-ßfnse anØp-I-fp-am-bp≈ Ahn-ip-≤-amb a’-c-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p

AXv Iem-in-®-Xv. sk‚ v t]mƒ _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I-fmb ]mIrX

aX-Ønse ssZh-ß-fpsS t]cp-Iƒ am‰n AXn-\p-]-Icw tbip-hn-s\bpw

]nXm-hmb ssZh-sØbpw, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s\bpw ]XnjvTn-®p.

hmkvX-h-Øn¬ XnXz-Ønse anØv sk‚ v t]mƒ I≠p-]n-Sn®v AXv

InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ t]cn¬ ]mIr-X-a-X-hn-izm-k-tem-IØv Ah-X-cn-

∏n-®-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√. adn®v XnXz-sa∂ anØv _lp-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I-fpsS

]mIr-X-a-X-Øn¬ \n∂v IS-sa-SpØv InkvXp-a-X-hp-ambn kwtbm-Pn-

∏n-°p-I-bmWv At±lw sNbvX-Xv. A∂p-ap-X¬ InkvXp-aXw B

]gb ]mIrX _lp-ssZh hnizmkw Xs∂-bm-bn amdn-°-gn-™p.

]t£ ]pXnb t]cpw ]pXnb apJ-`m-hhpw kzoI-cn-s®∂p amXw.

AXp-sIm≠v ]mIrX aX-tem-IsØ kn≤m-¥-ßfpw anØp-Ifpw

A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw am‰n-sb-Sp-°m≥ t]mfn-b≥ InkvXp-a-X-Øn\v

km[n-®n-√. adn®v, B aX-hn-izm-k-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v InkvXp-aXw amdp-



I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. ae At±-l-Øn-∂-cn-In-te°v h∂n-√. ae-bn-te°v

At±lw Ib-dn-t∏m-Im≥ Xocp-am-\n-°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv.

tbip-hns‚ bmYm¿∞yw

t]mfn-b≥ InkvXp-a-Xtam AX√ tbip-hns‚ injy\pw BZna

InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS t\Xm-hm-bn-cp∂ kmXzn-I-\mb bmt°m-_ns‚

InkvXp-a-Xtam GXmWv sXc-s™-Sp-t°-≠Xv F∂Xv Xo¿®-bmbpw

Hcm-fpsS hy‡n-]-c-amb kzmX-¥y-Øn¬s∏´-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬

InkvXp aX-Øns‚ apJy[mc GI-ssZh hnizm-k-Øn¬ hf-sc-tbsd

hnI-kn®p apt∂m- p-t]m-bn- p≠v F∂ hkvXpX \ap°v ChnsS ÿm]n-

t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ]n¬°m-eØv InkvXp-a-X-Øn¬ Iq- n-tN¿°-s∏´ tbip-

hns‚ ssZh-]p-X-k-¶-ev]w, XnXzw, ]mc-ºcy ]m]-kn-≤m-¥w, ]m]-

hn-tam-N-\w, tbip-hns‚ imco-cn-I-amb Dbn¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]v apX-emb

A¿∞-iq-\y-amb IY-I-fn¬ \n∂pw k¶o¿Æ-amb InkvXp-aX kn≤m-

¥-ß-fn¬ \n∂psa√mw Ah¿ hnZq-c-ÿ-cmbn Hgn-™p-am-dn-. InkvXp-

k-`-bpsS BZy-Ime t\Xm-°-∑m-cn-sem-cm-fmb kmXzn-I-\mb bmt°m-

_ns‚ ho£-W-ßƒ A°q-´-Øn¬ G‰hpw ]ap-J-am-Wv. AXv efn-

X-hpw, kXy-k-‘hpw, B`y-¥-c-ssh-cp-≤y-ß-fn-√m-Ø-Xpw anYy-bpsS

]p-I-a-d-°p-≈nse hncp-t≤m-‡n-I-fn¬ \n∂v ap‡-hp-ambncp∂p.

InkvXpaX-Ønse GI-ssZ-h-hm-Z-Øns‚ (Unitarianism) NcnXw ]Tn-

°p-tºmƒ XnXz-Øns‚ apZm-hm-Iy-Øn¬ k¶o¿Æ-am-hmØ tbip-

hns‚ kwip-≤-amb bYm¿∞ k`-bpsS G‰hpw B[n-Im-cn-I-amb

kn≤m¥w GI-ssZ-h-X-Xz-am-sW∂v bmsXmcp kwi-b-Øn\panS-bn-

√mØ hn[w ÿm]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xm-Wv.

Cu eLp ]_‘w InkvXp ]t_m-[n-°mØ at‰-sX-¶nepw

hn-izm-k-Øn-te°v InkvXym-\n-Isf ]cn-h¿Øn-∏n-°m-\p≈ ia-a√.

F∂v Zbhv sNbvXv Hm¿°p-I. InkvXp Xs∂ ]t_m[n® ]c-n-]m-

h\hpw kz—-hp-amb hnizm-k-Øn-te°pw I¿Ω-Øn-te°pw aS-ßn-h-

cm≥ In-kvXym-\n-I-tfm-Sp≈ kXy-k-‘hpw Ffn-b-Xp-amb Hcp \nth-

Z\w amX-am-Wn-Xv. sI´p-I-Y-I-fn¬ \n∂pw InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚

bmYm¿∞y-ß-fn-te°v Xncn-®p-h-cm-\p≈ Bflm¿∞-amb Hcp iaw

amXw. bmYm¿∞y-ß-fm-hs´ sI´p-I-Y-I-tf-°mƒ AXoh at\m-l-

chpw kXy-k-‘-hp-amWv. AXv lrZ-b-tØbpw akvXn-jvI-tØbpw

Hcp-t]mse Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

bp‡n-t_m-[-tØbpw imkvXob ]ptcm-K-Xn-bn¬ \n∂pw D¤p-

X-am-Ip∂ ]_p-≤-X-tbbpw sh√p-hn-fn-®p-sIm≠v Ign™ c≠mbncw

h¿j-ambn InkvXp-a-XsØ \ne-\n¬°m≥ klm-bn-®Xv tbip-hns‚InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ ]cn-Wmaw


bmYm¿∞y-Øn\p Np‰pw s\bvsX-SpØ CXn-lm-k-ßtfm XnXz-

Øns‚ anYym k¶-ev]-ßtfm Bbn-cp-∂n√; .tb-ip-hns‚ Bf-

XzØns‚ kuµ-cyhpw A≤ym-]-\-ß-fpsS Nmcp-X-bp-amWv InkvXp

aX-Øns‚ kXy-tØbpw kmc-tØbpw \ne-\n¿Øn-b-Xv. Bfp-Isf

InkvXp-a-X-Øn¬ tN¿Øp \n¿Øn-bXv tbip-hns‚ ssZhnI hy‡n-

Xz-am-bn-cp-∂n√. adn®v, lrZ-b-lm-cn-bmb At±-l-Øns‚ Znhy-amb

kz`mh ioeß-fmWv. Xs‚ hnizm-km-Z¿i-ßƒ am‰m≥ th≠n AXn-

`-bm-\-I-amb kIe ]oU-\-ßƒ \S-Øs∏ń´pw AXn-s\-sb√mw

XrW-h¬K-Wn®v DZmØ aqey-ßƒ°v th≠n-bp≈ tbip-hns‚ D÷z-

e-amb XymKhpw kl-\hpw ssÿcyhpambn-cp∂p bYm¿∞-Øn¬

InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ \s´-√mbn h¿Øn-®Xv. C∂pw AXv hiy-a-t\m-

l-chpw kvt\lm¿Zhp-am-Wv. F°m-eØpw AXv Aßs\-bm-bncp-

∂p. AXv InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS a\- n-t\bpw lrZ-b-tØbpw hºn®

tXmXn¬ kzm[o-\n-®p. Bb-Xn-\m¬ Ah¿ hgn-]n-cn™p t]mhmsX

InkvXp aX-Øns‚ bp‡n-`w-K-ßƒ°v t\sc IÆ-S-®p-sIm≠v

InkvXp-a-X-hp-ambn IqSn-t®¿∂p \n∂p.

tIhew Zp¿_-e-\mb Hcp a\pjy≥ amX-am-bn-cp∂p tbip.

AXn¬I-hn™v At±lw -H-∂p-a-√m-bn-cp∂p. Xs∂ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øm≥

KqVm-tem-N\ \S-Ønb Ccp-ńs‚ i‡n-Isf tbip AXn-P-bn-°p-

Ibpw ]cm-P-b-s∏-SpØpIbpw sNbvXp F∂-Xn-emWv tbip-hns‚

alXzw IpSn-sImf-fp-∂-Xv. tbip-hns‚ hnPbw BZw k¥-Xn-Iƒ°m-

I-am\w A`n-am-\-]q¿∆w ]¶n-Sm-hp∂ H∂m-Wv. AXn-tLm-c-amb A·n-

]-co-£-Iƒ°pw Xoh thZ-\-Iƒ°pw apºn¬ AN-©-e-\mbn kl-

\-]q¿∆w \n∂p-sIm≠v a\p-jyXzw ]Tn-∏n® tbip BZ-ans‚ alm-

∑m-cmb k¥m-\-ß-fn-sem-cm-fm-sW∂ hkvXpX apkvenw ho£W

tImWneqsS \mw I≠p-I-gn™p. Atßb‰w XojvW-amb ]co-£-

IfpsS ZwjvS-ßƒ°n-S-bnepw At±lw Iog-S-ßmsX ssÿcy-]q¿∆w

\ne-sIm≠p. AXm-bn-cp∂p tbip-hns‚ ]mh-\-amb t\´w. tbip

kln® bmX-\bpw thZ-\-bp-amWv a\p-jy-XzsØ hos≠-Sp-°m≥

At±-lsØ ]m]vX-\m-°n-b-Xv. AXp-t]mse ac-W-Øn¬ \n∂pw

c£-s∏-Sm≥ At±-l-Øn\v Ign-™Xpw AXp-sIm-≠m-Wv. At±lw

tkz—-bm¬ acWw Xnc-s™-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ At±-l-Øns‚ bmX-

\m-]q¿W-amb Ah-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂p≈ Hfn-t®m-´-Øn\p ka-ambn AXv

Xocp-am-bncp-∂p. Fßs\-bmWv Hcmƒ°v AXns\ Hcp [oc-Ir-Xy-

ambn I-W°m-°m≥ km[n-°pI? kml-N-cy-ßfpsS kΩ¿±-Øm¬

t]mepw Hcmƒ Bfl-lXy sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AsXmcp òcp-hns‚

IrXy-ambn amXta IW°m-°m-\m-hq. ]co-£-Iƒ°v apºn¬ ac-W-



Øn-eqsS c£-s∏-SpI F∂-Xn-t\-°mƒ bmX-\-Iƒ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-®p-

sIm≠v Pohn-°-emWv G‰hpw DØ-a-am-bn-´p-≈-Xv. a\p-jy-hw-i-Øn\v

th≠n acWw kzbw kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-≠p≈ tbip-hns‚ ]c-tam-∂X

XymKw F∂Xv shdpw s]m≈-bmb sshIm-cn-IX amX-am-Wv. A¥-

mc iq\y-amWv B k¶-ev]w.

tbip-hns‚ alXzw At±-l-Øns‚ Po-hn-X-Im-eØp≈ ]c-a-amb

XymK-Øn-emWv \ne-sIm-≈p-∂Xv F∂ Imcyw \mw ho≠pw Du∂n

]d-bp-∂p. kpJ-Øn\pw Ffp-∏-Øn\pw ]I-c-ambn Pohn-X-Øn-ep-S-\ofw

ISpØ bmX-\-Iƒ G‰p-hmßn A-t±lw ]tem-`-\-ßsf AXn-Po-hn-

®p. Znt\\ At±lw ac-W-hp-ambn G‰p-ap-ń. ]t£, At±lw ac-W-

Øn\p apºn¬ \n∂p sImSp-Øn-√. ]m]n-Isf ]cn-ip≤ Pohn-X-Øn-

te°v B\-bn-°m≥ th≠n At±lw Pohn-®p. ac-W-Øn\p apºn¬

kzbw ASn-b-dhv ]d™p sIm≠√ At±lw ac-WsØ Iog-S-°n-b-

Xv. adn®v ac-W-Øn\v apºn¬ Xe-Ip-\n-°m≥ hnkΩ-Xn-®p-sIm-≠mWv

At±lw ac-WsØ Io-g-S-°nb-Xv. Hcp km[m-cW a\p-jy≥ XI¿∂p-

t]m-Ip-am-bn-cp∂ ac-W-Øns‚ Icmfh‡-Øn¬ \n∂pw At±lw

Pohn-X-Øn-te°v h∂p. ac-WsØ At±lw hy-‡-ambpw tXm¬∏n®p.

Aßs\ tbip Xs‚ kXyw ÿm]n-®p. ktµ-l-Øns‚ Hcp \ng¬

t]mep-an-√mØ hn[-Øn¬ At±-l-Øns‚ hN-\-ß-sf√mw kXyam-

sW∂v sXfn-bn-®p. Cßs\-bmWv \mw tbip-hns\ ImWp-∂-Xv. AXp-

sIm-≠mWv \mw tbip-hns\ kvt\ln-°p-∂-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ hN\w

ssZh-Øns‚ hN-\-am-bn-cp-∂p. B hN-\-ßƒ At±-l-Øns‚ tZtl-

O-bpsS hN-\-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂n-√. ssZhw At±-l-tØmSv ]d-bm≥ Iev]n-

®-sXt¥m AXv amX-amWv At±lw ]d-™-Xv. AXn¬ IqSntbm

Ipdt®m At±lw ]d-™n-√. Pohn-X-Øn-ep-S-\ofw At±lw ssZhsØ

Bcm-[n®p. ssZhsØ amXw Bcm-[n-®p. Hcp a\p-jy-t\mSpw X\n°v

apºntem Xs‚ amXm-hn-s‚tbm, ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hn-s‚tbm apºntem

inc v Ip\n-°-W-sa∂v At±lw Bh-iy-s∏-ń-ń-√. CXmWv tbip-

hn-s\-]-‰n-bp≈ bmYm¿∞yw. Cu bmYm¿∞y-Øn-te°v F√m hn`m-

K-ß-fnepw F√m hnizm-k-Ønepw s]´ InkvXym-\n-Isf Rßƒ

£Wn-°p-∂p.

aX-Øns‚ XpS¿®

aX-ß-fpsS A\-kyq-X-amb XpS¿-®-bnepw AXns‚ km¿∆-Xn-I-

X-bnepw Rßƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm-≠mWv ]hm-N-IXzw

F∂Xv temIØv F√m-bn-S-Øp-ap≈ Hcp km¿P\o\ ]Xn-`m-k-am-

sW∂ Imcy-Øn¬ Ckvemw Du∂¬ \¬Ip-∂-Xv. ]hm-N-I-∑m¿

Ah-cpsS kmI-eym-h-ÿ-bn-emWv kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv F∂mWv CXp-



sIm≠v A¿∞-am-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. ]hm-NI kaq-l-Øn¬s∏´ Hcmsf

\ntj-[n-®m¬ Ahsc apgp-h\pw \ntj-[n-®Xn\v Xpey-am-Wv. ]hm-N-

I-∑m-sc√mw Htc tkmX- n¬ \n∂p-≈-h-cm-sW∂ ]cn-t]-£y-Øn-

emWv Hcmƒ ]hm-N-I-∑m-sc-sb√mw A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ]hm-N-I-

∑m-cpsS A\-kyq-X-amb XpS¿® F∂-Xp-sIm≠v kmZr-iy-ap≈Xns‚

Bh¿Ø\w F∂mWv Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv, A√msX Pohn]cn-Wmaw

t]mse-bp≈ XpS¿® F∂ \ne-°-√. \mw ]hm-N-I-∑m-cpsS ktµ-i-

Øns‚ ]ptcm-K-a-\m-flIXbn¬ hn-iz-kn-°p-∂p. AXm-bXv ka-kvX-

am-\-hob taJ-e-sbbpw kv]¿in-°p∂ a\pjy ]ptcm-K-Xnbnte°v

Nph-Sp-sh®p sIm≠p-≈-XmWv B ]ptcm-K-Xn. BZna ImesØ shfn-

]mSp aX-ß-sf√mw Htc-Xcw auenI A≤ym-]-\-ß-fmWv Dƒs°m-

≈p-∂-Xv. B aX-ßƒ Xmc-X-tay\ Ipd™ taJ-e-bn¬ amXta hni-

Z-amb A≤ym-]-\-ßƒ \¬In-bn-´p-≈q. AXm-bXv Ipd-™ tXmXn¬

amXta hn[n hne-°p-Iƒ \S-∏m-°n-bn-´p-≈q F∂v CXn-s\-°p-dn®v

]d-bmw. Cu hn[n hne-°p-I-ƒ ItaW hnim-e-amb a\p-jy-]-h¿Ø-

\-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈p∂ taJ-e-bnte°v IqSp-X¬ hym]n-°p-I-bp-≠mbn.

]ucm-WnI kwkvIm-c-ß-fnse aX-ßƒ kzbw Xs∂ Xmc-X-tay\

Hcp ]tXyI tKmX-Øntem h¿§-Øntem ]tZ-i-Øntem D≈ Bfp-

Isf amXw A`n-kw-t_m-[\ sNøp-∂-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. Cu ktµ-

i-ßƒ B Ime-L-´-Ønse Bh-iy-ß-fn¬ amXw ]cn-an-X-am-bn-

cp∂p. Ahsb tKmXo-btam h¿§-]-c-tam, tZio-btam Bb aX-

ßƒ F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xmhpw IqSp-X¬ DNnXw. Ck-tb¬

k¥-Xn-Ifpw blq-Zm-≤ym-]-\-ßfpw CXn\p ]‰nb G‰hpw \√ DZm-

l-c-W-am-Wv.

aX-ß-fpsS hnI-k-\-Øns‚ Ncn-X-]-c-amb ]h-W-X-Iƒ c≠p

hn[-Øn¬ kwK-ln-°mw.

1. aXm-≤ym-]-\-ß-fpsS ]ptcm-K-a-\m-fl-I-amb hnkvXm-c-Whpw A-

XmbXv a\p-jy≥ CS-]-gp-Ip∂ IqSp-X¬ hnim-e-amb taJ-e-Ifn¬

aX-]-c-amb hn[n hne-°p-Iƒ \S-∏m-°¬. A≤ym-]-\-ßfpsS Xmc-X-

aym-fl-I-amb ]cn-]q¿W-X-bpw.

2. sNdnb P\hn`m-K-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw henb P\hn`m-K-ß-fn-te-

°p≈ ]ptcm-K-a-\m-fl-Iamb am‰w.

aX-ß-fpsS A\-kyq-X-amb XpS¿® F∂-XvsIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv

BZan\v shfn-s∏´ AtX aXw Xs∂ Bh¿Øn-®p-sIm≠v XpS¿®-

bmbn a\pjy kaq-l-Øn\v \¬In- ]ptcm-K-a-\m-fl-I-amb am‰hpw

ssh]p-eyhpw hcp-ØpI F∂--√. temI-Ønse hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬

hnhn[ Xc-Øn-epf-f- \mK-cn-I-X-Iƒ thcv ]nSn-°p-Ibpw ]pjv°-e-am-



hp-Ibpw sN-bvXn-´p-≠v. Cu kmaqly hnI-k-\-Øn\\pkr-X-amb

hn[-Øn¬ Znhy-sh-fn-]m-Sp-I-fn-eqsS temI-Ønse hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬

aX-ßƒ DSseSp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. aX-ß-sf√mw Xs∂ Htc s]mXp-

Zn-i-bn-te-°m-bn-cp∂p hnImkw ]m]n-®-Xv.

aX-hn-Im-k-Øns‚ AK-naÿm\w

temI aX-ß-fpsS ]cn-Wm-a-Øn¬ apJy-[m-c-bmbn h¿Øn®

][m\ aX-ß-sf√mw ]n-d∂p hoWXpw ]cn-t]m-jn-∏n-°s∏-´Xpw ]cn-

jv°-cn-°-s∏-´Xpw a[y-]u-ckvXy tZi-Ønem-sW∂v \mw hn-iz-kn-

°p-∂p. C°mcyw aX-ß-fpsS NcnX ]T\-Øn¬ hfsc ]I-S-am-

Wv. blqZ aXsØ ]n-¥p-S¿∂v InkvXp-a-Xhpw AXns\ XpS¿∂v

h∂ Ckvemw aXhpw aXm-≤ym-]-\-ß-fpsS ]cn-Wma Znim am¿§w

hy‡-ambpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p. Cu a-Xß-fp-sS hnImk ]cn-Wma Ncn-

X-ßƒ Ffp-∏-Øn¬ Kln-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. B aX-ß-sf√mw AKm-

[-ambn ]c-kv]cw _‘-s∏´p InS-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. CXv G‰hpw

kp]-[m\amsbmcp Imcy-am-Wv. aXm-≤ym-]-\-ßfpsS Ia]hr-≤-

amb Cu _rlZv ]≤-Xn-bn-eqsS kw`-hn-t°-≠n-bn-cp-∂Xpw kw`-hn-

®Xpw Hcp km¿∆XnI aX-Øns‚ cq]o-I-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXmWv

Ckvemw aXw.

Cu ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ PqX-∑m¿ ap≥hn-[n-bn-√msX Kuc-h-]q¿∆w

tbip-In-kvXp-hns‚ ]m[m\yw a\- n-em-°m≥ ian-t°-≠-Xp-≠v.

At±-lsØ a\- n-em-°p∂-Xn¬ PqX-a-X-ÿ¿ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ

]cn-Wma Ncn-X-Øn¬ IÆn-b‰p Ipgn®p aqS-s∏-Sp∂ Pohn-I-sf-t∏mse

]cn-]q¿Øn-bn-te°v IpXn-°p∂ ]cn-Wma irwJ-ebn¬ kPo-h-amb

Hcp IÆn-bmbn h¿Øn-°m≥ PqX-a-X-Øn\v Ign-bmsX hcp∂p.

Aßs\ AXns‚ k¶p-Nn-X-amb AkvXnXz hrØ-Øn¬ amXw \ne-

\n¬°p∂ Ncn-X-Øns‚ Ah-ti-jn-∏mbn B aXw XpScp-∂p.

ho≠pw InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS Imcyw ChnsS ]cm-a¿in-°p-I-bm-Wv.

Ah-cpsS Imcyhpw blq-Zn-I-fp-tSXv t]mse Xs∂-bm-Wv. Ime-K-

W\m Ia-Øn¬ InkvXym-\n-I-ƒ blq-Zn-I-tf-°mƒ Hcp ]Sn-IqSn

Ckvemap-ambn ASpØv \n¬°p-∂p. F∂m¬ as‰mcp ][m\ Imcyw

it≤-b-am-Wv. tbip-hns‚ am¿§-Øn¬ \n∂pw Po¿Æ-X-bn-te-°p≈

hgn-sbm-cp-°n-bXv hmkvX-h-Øn¬ sk‚ v t]mfm-bn-cp-∂p. CXv F√m

]Imc-Ønepw Ahsc blq-Zn-I-sf-°mƒ Ckvemap-ambn AI-em≥

t]cn-∏n-®p. Ign™ \mem-bncw h¿j-ambn \ne \n¬°p∂ blq-Zn-

Iƒ aX--Øn-t‚bpw Bflob Pohn-X-Øns‚bpw \n¿ÆmbI XØzw

ssZh-Øns‚ GI-Xz-amsW∂v Npcp-ßn-b-]£w Kln-®n-´p-≠v. ASn-



ÿm\ XØz-ß-fn¬ Cßs\ Ckvemap-ambn ASpØp\n∂n´pw _lp-

`q-cn-]£w blq-Zn-Ifpw Ckvemans\ \ncm-I-cn-®p-sIm≠p ITn-\-Nn-

Ø-cmbn \n¬°p-∂-Xn\v a‰p Nne Imc-W-ßƒ IqSn-bp-≠v.

tbip-hns\ a-\ n-em-°m-\m-h-iy-amb at\m\ne-]mSpw kao-]-

\hpw blq-Zn-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-s®-Sp-°m-Ø-]£w Ckvemap-ambn BZ¿i

]c-ambn FX Xs∂ kmay ap≠m-bn-cp-∂mepw InkvXym-\n-I-sf-°mƒ

AIse Xs∂ Ah¿ \ne-sIm-≈p-sa-∂mWv Fs‚ ]T-\-ß-fn¬

\n∂pw F\n°v a\- n-em-°m≥ km[n-®-Xv. apl-ΩZv \_n (k) bpambn

Ahsc _‘n-∏n® kp]-[m\ IÆn-bm-bn-cp∂p tbip InkvXp. B

IÆnsb Ah¿ \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øn. Cu kXy-Øns‚ \ntj[w a\-im-

kvX-]-c-ambn ]pXn-sbmcp ktµiw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ Ign-bmØ hn[w

Ah-cpsS lrZ-bsØ ITn-\-X-c-am°nØo¿Øp. InkvXp hcn-Ibpw

t]mhp-Ibpw sNbvXn´pw Ah¿ anin-lmsb ]Xo-£n-®p≈ ImØn-

cn∏v XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv. Hcn-°¬ Ah¿ At±-lsØ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn¬

]cm-P-b-s∏-´p. tbip-hns‚ c≠mw hc-hnepw Ah¿ At±-lsØ Xncn-

®-dn-bp-∂-Xns‚ hnZqc km[yX t]mep-an-√. Ah-cpsS kz]v\-Øn-ep≈

tbip-hn\pth≠n ImØn-cn-°m≥ Ime-mIm-ehpw hn[n-°-s∏-´-h-cm-

Wh¿.

D∂X aX-kw-hn-[m-\-amb Ckveman-te-°p≈ hgn-sbm-cp-°p-I-bm-

bn-cp∂p tbip sNbvX-Xv. Cu ]kvXmhw k¶p-Nn-Xm¿∞-Øn¬

FSp-°-cp-Xv. blq-Zn-Iƒ BZyw InkvXp-aXw kzoIcn®v ]n∂oSv

Ckvemw aXw kzoI-cn-°pI F∂√ Rßƒ A`n-]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv.

AXv aX-Øns‚ ]Jym-]nX ho£-W-Øn¬ \nc¿∞-I-am-Wv. Rßƒ

shfn-∏-Sp-Øm≥ BK-ln-°p∂ hkvXpX CXm-Wv. tbip Hcp km[m-

cW ]hm-N-I-\m-bn-cp∂n-√. P\-ß-fpsS am\-kn-Ihpw Bflo-b-hp-

amb ]cn-io-e-\-Øn¬ hfsc \n¿Wm-b-I-amb ]¶v hln® alm\mb

Hcp ]hm-N-I-\m-bn-cp∂p At±-lw. At±-lsØ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-h¿

Aßs\ sNøp-∂Xv am\-kn-I-hp-ambpw B≤ym-fln-I-ambpw Ah¿

tcmKm-h-ÿ-bn-em-b-Xp-sIm-≠m-Wv. Cu BXp-cm-hÿ Ah¿ NnIn-

’n®p t`Z-am-°p-Itbm kXy-Øn\p t\sc-bp≈ Cu lo\-amb kao-

]\w am‰p-Itbm sNøm-Ø ]£w Ah¿ hntO-Zn®p Ign™ _‘-

ßƒ°v ]pdØv hcp∂ Hcp ]hm-N-Is\- ]n≥]‰pI F∂Xv Gsd-

°psd Akw-`-hy-am-Wv.

InkvXym-\n-Isf kw_-‘n-t®S-tØmfw Ah¿°v ap-lΩZv \_n-

bpsS kXy-Øn-te°v \bn-°-s∏-S-W-sa∂p-s≠-¶n¬ tbip-hns‚

kXy-Øn-te°pw bmYm¿∞y-Øn-te-°pw Ah¿ Xncn-tb-≠-Xp-≠v.

At±lw ssZh-Øn-te-°p≈ hgn amX-a-√, as‰√m ]hm-N-I-∑m-scbpw



t]mse apl-ΩZv \_n-bn-t-e°p≈ hgn IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tb-iphns‚

`mK-t[bhpw AXm-bn-cp-∂p. ap¥n-cn-tØm-´Ønse D]-a-bnse a[y-

h¿Øn-bm-bn-cp∂p tbip. ssZh-Øns‚ G‰hpw ]cn-]q¿Æ-\mb ]Xn-

\n[n At∏mƒ h∂n-´p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. InkvXym-\n-Iƒ Xß-fpsS

]cn-ip≤ bP-am-\-\mb tbip-hns\ kw_-‘n®v sh®v ]pe¿Øp∂

Ab-Ym¿∞hpw anYy-bp-amb k¶-ev]-ß-tf-°mƒ FXtbm D∂-Xhpw

]mh-\p-amWv tbip-hns‚ kXyw. Ah-cpsS anYym-k-¶-ev]-ß-fn¬

\n∂pw amdmØ ]£w apl-ΩZv \_n (k) bpambn tbip aptJ\

_‘n-°s∏´ ]mX-bn-te°v Ah¿ \bn°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√. ]hm-N-I-

\mb apl-ΩZv (k) Hcp bYm¿∞y-am-bn-cp-∂p. sI´p-I-Y-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√.

bmYm¿∞y-ßƒ°v amXta bmYm¿∞y-Øn-te°v \bn-°p-hm≥ km[n-

°p-I-bp-≈q. AXp-sIm≠v tbip-hns\ Nqgv∂p \n¬°p∂ sI´p-I-Y-

tb-°mƒ At±-l-Øns‚ bmYm¿∞y-ß-fmWv ]hm-NI\mb apl-

ΩZv (k) s\ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°v A\p-K-l-am-bn-

ØocpI.


A≤ymbw 8

InkvXp-aXw C∂v

InkvXob temIw C∂v A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ G‰hpw henb

]iv\w [mcWm i‡n-bpsS Ipdhpw AXp-t]mse kXyw Adn-bm-

\p≈ sshap-Jyhpw AXv kzoI-cn-°m-\p≈ k∂-≤X-bn-√m-bva-bp-am-

Wv. sFXn-ly-]-c-am-Is´, hkvXp-\n-jvTm-]-c-am-Is´ InkvXp-aXw

]m›mXy \mK-cn-I-XbpsS Ahn-`m-Py-L-S-I-am-Wv. Ah-cpsS tImf-

\n-h-Xv°-c-W-Ønepw kmam-PyXz hnP-b-ß-fnepw hfsc ]ap-J-amb

]¶mWv InkvXp-aXw hln-®-Xv. kmº-Øn-Ihpw cmjvSobhpamb

]m›mXy hyh-ÿ-Isf AXv Xmßn \n¿Øp-Ibpw Ah¿°v GIo-

Ir-Xhpw _e-h-Øm-b-Xp-amb Hcp GI-in-em-L-S\ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp-

∂p. k¶o¿W-amb kmaqly cmjvSob kmº-ØnI hyh-ÿ-I-ƒ

Dƒs°m-≈p-∂ ]m›mXy kwkvIm-csØ \n¿Ωn-°m\pw H∂n®p

\n¿Øm\pw InkvXp-aXw G‰hpw ][m\-amb Hcp ]¶mWv hln-°p-

∂-Xv. ]m›mXy kwkvIm-c-sØ-°p-dn-®pw ]m›mXy kmam-Py-Xz-sØ-

°p-dn®pw Ah-cpsS kmº-Øn-I-ta-[m-hn-sØ-°p-dn®pw \mw a\- n-em-

°p∂ Imcy-ß-fn-se√mw Nne InkvXob LS-I-ßƒ Nqgv∂p \n¬°p-

∂p. ]≠v ImeØv InkvXp-aX hnizmkw ]Sp-Øp-b¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw

[m¿ΩnI aqey-ßƒ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\pw th≠n-bmWv IqSp-X-

embn ian-®n-cp∂sX¶n¬ C∂v ]m›m-Xy-cpsS BXvaob Imcy-ß-

sf-°mƒ `uXnI Imcy-ßtfmSmWv AXv B`n-apJyw ]pe¿Øp-∂Xv.

F¥m-bn-cp-∂mepw Ncn-X-]-c-ambn InkvXp aXw \n¿∆-ln® ]¶n-

te-sdbpw ]m›mXy kmam-PysØ sI´n-∏-Sp-°epw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Ø-

ep-am-bn-cp-∂p. InkvXo-b-amb XojvW hnIm-c-tØm-sS-bmWv

]uckvXy \mSp-I-fnse A[n-\n-th-i-ßƒ Ac-tß-dn-bXv. apkvenw

kmam-Py-ß-fp-ambn ]m›mXy \mSpIƒ \S-Ønb bp≤-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw

t]cI i‡n InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ apkvenw hntZz-j-am-bn-cp∂p.

InkvXp-a-Xhpw sImtfm-Wn-ben-khpw

sImtfm-Wn-b¬ `cWw GI-tZiw apgp-h≥ B^n-°≥ h≥I-c-

tbbpw ASn-ap-X¬ apSn-hsc cmjvSob ASn-a-®-ß-e-bn¬ _‘-\-ÿ-

cm-°n. Xmakw hn\m Ah-cpsS ssIIm-ep-I-fn¬ kmº-ØnI ASn-a-

Xz-Øns‚ hneßp hoWp. P\-ßsf kmº-ØnIambn Iogvs∏-Sp-

Øm-sX-bp≈ kmam-PyXz A[n-\n-th-i-ßƒ A¿∞ cln-X-am-Wv.

Xß-fpsS cmjvSob kmº-ØnI bP-am-\-∑m-cpsS ]n∂mse Xs∂


hn\-b-Øn-s‚bpw Bfl XymK-Øn-s‚bpw Xncp-h-kvX-ß-fn™v

InkvXob ]ptcm-lnX∑mcpw B^n-°-bn-se-Øn. cmjvSo-bhpw kmº-

Øn-Ihp-ambn P\-ßsf sIm≈-b-Sn-°m≥ B^n-°-bn-seØnb Xß-

fpsS ]m›m-Xy-cmb ap≥Km-anIsf FXn¿Øp sIm≠mWv InkvXob

aX--]p-tcm-ln-X-∑m-cpsS kµ¿i\w F∂v _mly-ambn ImW-s∏-´p.

Ah¿ ]d™Xv : "Rßƒ h∂-Xv ASn-a-s∏-Sp-Øm-\-√. B^n-°-

bpsS Bflm-hns\ tamNn-∏n-°m-\mWv' F∂mWv. Zzbm¿∞-ß-fp≈

Ah-cpsS Cu hnip≤ Dt±-isØ B^n-°-°m¿ tNmZyw sNbvXn√

F∂Xv A¤p-X-I-c-am-Wv. a\p-jy-Im-cp-Wy-Øns‚ Cu InkvXp-k`m

t\Xm°∑m-tcmSv F¥p-sIm≠v "\nßƒ Rß-fpsS Bflm-°-tfmSv

amXw kl-Xm]w ImWn-°p-∂p'? F∂v hn\-b-]p-c- cw B^n-°-

°m¿ tNmZn-®n-√. Bflm-hn-t\m-S-√msX as‰m-∂n-t\mSpw F¥p-sIm≠v

\nßƒ°v kl-Xm-]w tXm∂n-bn√ F∂pw Ah¿ tNmZn-®n-√. B^n-

°-°m-cpsS icocw FX Zmcp-Wamb coXn-bn-emWv ASn-a-®-ß-e-bn¬

_‘n-Xam-bn-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v InkvXob t\Xm-°-∑m¿°v ImWm-am-

bn-cp-∂nt√? FX ss]im-Nn-I-am-bn-´mWv Ah-cpsS cmjvSob

kzmX¥yw Ah-cn¬ \n∂pw Ih¿s∂-Sp-ØXv? kmº-ØnI A-Sn-a-

Xz-Øns‚ hne-ßn¬ Ahsc Xf-®n-ń-cn-°p-∂Xv Fß-s\-bm-sW∂v

Ah¿ Adn-bp-∂nt√? F¥p-sIm≠v Ah-cpsS ico-c-ßƒ°v h∂p

`hn® Zb-\o-b-amb Zmky-Xz-Øn¬ InkvXpk` kl-X-]n-°p-∂n√?

ASn-aI-fm°s∏´ P\-X-bpsS Bflm-hns\ amXw tamNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬

amXw Ah¿ Xmev]cyw ]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂Xv F¥p-sIm-≠mWv?

CXn¬ A¥¿`-hn-®n-´p≈ sshcp-≤y-ßƒ hfsc ]I-S-amW.v

]t£ A¤p-X-I-c-sa∂v ]d-bs´, InkvXym-\n-I-fpsS KqV-X-¥-

ßƒ°v Ipdn-am-\-am-bn-´p-≈-h¿°v Cu sshcp-≤y-ßƒ AX-tØmfw

hy‡-ambn a\- n-em-bn-ń-√. B^n-°-°m¿ Xo¿®-bmbpw \njv°-f-

¶-cmWv. Ccp-\qdv h¿j-ßƒ°v apº-tØXv t]mse Ah¿ C∂pw

\njvI-f-¶¿ Xs∂-bm-Wv. hnZq-c-ÿ-eØncp∂v AZr-iy-lkvX-ß-fm¬

\nb-¥n-°-s∏-Sp-∂ \h sImtfm-Wn-b¬ hyh-ÿ-bpsS kmº-Øn-

Ihpw cmjvSo-b-hp-amb ASn-a-ØØnse NqjWw B^n-°-°m¿°v

C∂pw Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ Ign-™n-ń-√. InkvXp-aXw Ahsc Iogvs∏-Sp-

Øm-\p≈ Hcp D]-I-cWw amX-am-sW∂ bmYm¿∞yw Ah¿ Ct∏mgpw

Kln-®n-´p-an-√. hnkvar-Xn-bpsS \nXm-¥-amb ab°w kΩm-\n-°p∂

ab°v acp∂p t]mse-bm-Wv Ah¿°v InkvXp-a-Xw. Ah-cpsS `c-

Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ ssIhiw sh®n-cn-°p∂ kº-Øn¬ Ah¿°pw Xpey-

]-¶m-fnØw e`n-°p-sa∂ anYym-t_m[w Ah-cn¬ D≠m-°n-bn-cn-°p-

∂p. B anYym-t_m[w Xs∂-bmWv ]m›mXy coXn-bn-ep≈ BVw-

InkvXp-aXw C∂v


_-c]-]q¿Æ-amb Pohn-X-ssien A\p-I-cn-°m≥ Ahsc t]cn-∏n-°p-

∂Xv. hr£w \S-s∏-´Xv hntZ-i-ØmWv. ]t£ AXns‚ ^e-ß-fpsS

cpNn°v ASn-a-s∏´p t]mb-h-cpsS \m´n-te°v AXv Ib-‰p-aXn sNø-

s∏-SpI amX-amWv sNøp-∂-Xv. aq∂mw temI-Øn\v ta¬ cmjvSob

kmº-ØnI kmam-PyXz i‡n-bmbn \n¬°p∂ ]m›mXy tImbva-

bpsS Hgn®p IqSm-\m-hmØ `mK-ambn InkvXp-aXw Fßs\ Bbn-

Øo-cp∂p F∂v ImWn-°m\mWv Cu sNdp-hn-h-cWw \¬In-b-Xv.

]m›mXy tZisØ Hcp km[m-cW°mc≥ Abmƒ InkvXp-

aX kn≤m-¥-ßfpsS k¶o¿W-X-Iƒ a\- n-em-°n-bn- pt≠m C√tbm

F∂ Imcyw \ap-°-h-K-Wn-°mw, Abmƒ InkvXp-aXw Xs‚ kwkv°m-

c-Ønt‚bpw \mK-cnI-X-bp-sSbpw Ahn-`mPy LS-I-am-bn-°m-Wp-∂p.

Inkv-Xp-aXw FhnsSsb√m-apt≠m Ahn-sS-sb√mw AXns‚ bYm¿∞

i‡n Hcp Iq´w anØp-I-fn-ep≈ hnizm-k-ß-f√ F∂v \mw ]tXyIw

Hm¿°-Ww. AXn\p ]Icw InkvXp aX-Øns‚ ]cym-b-ßƒ F∂p

Icp-Xp∂ Imcp-Wyw, A\p-Iº, Ai-c-W-cpsS tkh\w F∂o aqey-

ß-fn¬ Du∂p-∂-Xn-emWv AXns‚ bYm¿∞ i‡n F∂p \mw a\-

n-em-°-Ww. Cu aqey-ß-sf√mw temI-Øn-ep≈ F√m aX-ß-fp-

sSbpw s]mXp-aq-ey-ß-fm-Wv. am\-ho-bX t\Sn-sb-Sp-t°≠ e£y-ß-

fm-bn-s°m≠v ssZhw kwhn-[m\w sNbvX-XmWv CsX∂v \ap°v

ImWmw. ]t£, InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ AXn-i-‡amb \nc-¥c ]Nm-

cW X¥-ß-fn-eqsS Cu aqey-ß-sf√mw InkvXp-a-X-hp-ambn amXw

_‘-s∏-´-XmsW∂v hen-sbmcp P\-hn-`m-KsØ hniz-kn--∏n°m≥

Ah¿°p km[n-®p. A\p-I-º-bp-sSbpw Imcp-Wy-Øn-s‚bpw Znhy-Xz-

Øn-s‚bpw am\y-amb s]cp-am-‰-Øn-s‚bpw Cu ktµ-i-Øns‚ ipXn-

a-[p-c-amb kwKoXw ImXp-I-fn¬ Hcp am¥nI hio-I-c-W-ap-≠m-°p-

∂p. Cu ambnI ]cn-th-j-amWv s]mXpth InkvXp-aX hnizm-k-Øn-

te°v P\-ßsf BI¿jn-°p-∂Xv. F¥m-bn-cp-∂mepw ]m›m-Xy-cpsS

cmjvSo-bhpw kmº-Øn-I-hp-amb XojvW-bm-Ym¿∞y-ß-fpw a‰p cmPy-

ßsf ASn-a-s∏-Sp-Øepw ]kvXpX aqey-ß-fn¬ \n∂p-apff Ah-

cpsS hyXn-N-e-\-am-Wv.

InkvXp aX-Øn-t\m-sSm∏w \ne-sIm-≈p∂ Cu ssk≤m-¥nI

sshcp-≤y-ßƒ Hc-f-thmfw Ah-cpsS euInI hyh-lm-c-ß-fnepw

ImW-s∏-Sp-∂p. Zb-, hn-\-bw, kln-jvWp-X, XymKw ap-X-emb \nc-

h[n DZm-Ø-amb hm°p-I-tfm-sSm-∏w Iqc-X, ASn-®-a¿Ø¬ hym]-I-

amb \oXn-\n-tj-[w, temI P\-X-bn¬ \n -lm-b-cmb hen-sbmcp

hn`m-KsØ A-Sn-a-s∏-Sp-Ø¬ F∂n-hbpw H∏-Øn-s\m∏w \n¬°p-∂-

Xmbn ImWmw. \nba hmgvN, \oXn, \oXn-]m-e\pw apX-em-bh

InkvXp-aXw C∂v


]m›mXy InkvXob cmPy-ß-fn¬ amXw ]Nm-c-W-aq-ey-ap≈ \mW-

b-ß-fm-Wv. km¿∆-tZ-iob _‘-ß-fn¬ Ah hnUvVn-Øhpw FSp-

°mØ \mW-b-ß-fp-am-Wv. Kuch ]q¿∆w FSp-t°≠ AØcw hnj-

b-ßƒ ]m›mXy temI-Øn\v ]pdØv \n m-c-ß-fm-bn Ah¿ ImWp-

∂p. A¥¿t±iob \b-X-¥-Ønepw kmº-ØnI _‘-ß-fnepw \oXn

F¥m-sW∂v Ah¿°-dn-bn-√. B cwK-sØ√mw tZiob Xmev]-cy-ß-

f-√msX Ah¿°v as‰m-∂p-an-√. ]m-›mXycpsS cmjvSob kmº-ØnI

B[n-]-Xy-Øn-\-I-tØ°v InkvXy≥ aqey-ßƒ°v NphSp sh°m≥

A\p-hm-Z-an-√. Ah FX \√-Xm-sW-¶nepw icn. CXmWv B[p-\nI

temIsØ Zmcp-Wamb sshcp-≤yw.

InkvXp-aXw ]tem-`-\o-b-amb AXns‚ ]mivNmXy kwkvIm-c-

tØbpw \mK-cn-I-Xtb-bpw FSp-Øp-Im´ns°m≠v s]mXpsh k¶p-

NnXhpw Po¿Æ-hp-amb aX kaq-l-ß-fmbn Ign-bp∂ ]uc-kvXysc

£Wn-°m-dp-≠v. kpJ-]-Z-hpw, k¿∆ kzX-¥hpw kz—µkp-µ-c-hp-

amb Pohn-X-Øn-te°mWv Ah-cpsS £Ww. hntam-N-\-Øn-\m-bp-≈

Blzm-\-Øn¬ A¿≤ km£-c-cmb hen-sbmcp hn`mKw aq∂mw temI

P\X sX‰n-≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v BI¿j-n°-s∏-Sp-∂p. IqSmsX In-kvXp-

aXw F∂ s]mXp LS-I-Øn-eqsS Xßƒ ]cn-jvIrX temI-Øn¬

\n∂p≈hcmbnØocp-∂p F∂ am\-knI kwXr]vXn Ah-cn¬ D≠m-

°p-∂p. Cu aq∂mw temI-P-\-X-bm-Is´ PmXntiWn-I-fp≈ kaq-l-

Ønse G‰hpw ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏-´-hcpw Xmsg-°n-S-bn-ep-≈-h-cpamWv.

Cßs\ ]cn-jvIrX temI-ØnseØm≥ InkvXp aX-Øn-\p≈ kp]-

[m\amb ]¶v B aX-Øn-te°v hen-sbmcp P\-hn-`m-KsØ BI¿jn-

°p-∂p. CXmWv ]e-t∏mgpw kw`-hn-°p∂Xv. InkvXp aX-Øns‚

kn≤m-¥-ßƒ a\- n-em-°pI F∂Xv Ah-cpsS ]cn-[n°v ]pd-Øp≈

Imcy-am-Wv. Ah-cpsS a\p-jym-hÿ Db¿Øp-Øp∂-Xn¬ amX-amWv

InkvXp-aXw Ahsc klm-bn-°p∂-Xv. F∂m¬ B hntam-N-\-am-Is´

hymP-hp-am-Wv.

Ct∏m-gsØ InkvXp-aXw tbip-hns‚ A≤ym-]-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw

_lp-Zqcw AI-se-bm-sW∂v ta¬ hnh-c-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw sXfn-bp-

∂p. ]m›mXy kwkv°m-c-amWv InkvXp-aX-sa∂v a\- n-em°-p∂Xv

]I-S-amb sX‰m-Wv. ka-Im-eo\ temIsØ hnhn[ Xe-ß-fn-ep≈

InkvXp-a-X cq]-ßsf InkvXp-hn¬ Btcm-]n-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Xo¿®-

bmbpw AXv InkvXp-hns\ A]-am-\n-°-em-bn-cn-°pw. F√m \nb-a-

Øn\pw Nne \o°p-t]m-°p-I-sfm-s°-bp-ap-≠v. Hcp Btcm-]-Whpw Hcp

henb kaqlØn\v H∂-S¶w _m[-I-am-°m≥ km[y-a-√. ssIkvX-

h-amb Bflm¿∞-X, kvt\lw, XymKw apX-emb aqeyßƒ kXy-

InkvXp-aXw C∂v


k-‘-ambn \S-∏n¬ hcp-Øp∂ hy‡n-Ifpw sNdp-kw-L-ßfpw ]Xo-

£-bpsSbpw kPo-h-X-bp-sSbpw sIm®p Xpcp-Øp-Ifmbn InkvXob

temIØv ImW-s∏-Sp∂p F∂ Imcy-Øn¬ kwi-b-an-√. A[m¿Ωn-

I-X-bpsS ]£p-_v[-amb ]mcm-hmc-Øn¬ Cu sIm®p Zzo]p-Iƒ

AcnIv \in®v ap-ßn-Øm-gp-I-bm-Wv. Ah FX Xs∂ sNdpXpw hnZq-

c-ÿ-hpam-sW-¶nepw tbip InkvXp-hns‚ ssNX-\yØm¬ tkh\

\nc-X-cmb AØcw Pzen-°p∂ amXr-I-Iƒ C√m-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬

A‘-Imcw ]m›m-XyNI-hmfsØ Kkn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. CX-√msX

InkvXob temIsØ Ae-¶-cn-°m≥ as‰m-∂p-ap-≠m-Ipambn-cp-∂n-√.

IjvS-sa∂v ]d-b-s´, AØcw shfn-®-ßƒ ZpX-K-Xn-bn¬ aßn-s°m-

≠n-cn-°p-I-bpamWv.

InkvXob temI-Øns‚ hn`-‡-amb hy‡n-Xz-Øn-\pw, Ah-cn¬

A¥¿ln-X-amb Im]-Sy-Øn\pw kzbw NnIn-’n®v kpJw ]m]n-°m≥

tbip-hns‚ bmYm¿∞y-Øn-te°v InkvXob temIw Xncn-®p-t]m-tI-

≠Xv AXym-h-iy-amWv. anØp-I-fp-sSbpw CXn-lm-k-ß-fp-sSbpw

temIØv PohnXw XpS-cpI F∂Xv hn\m-i-Øn-\p≈ hgn-bm-Wv. Cu

Ffnbia-ß-fp-sS-sb√mw apJy Dt±iw InkvXob temIØv Ah-

cpsS hnizm-khpw ]h¿Ø-\hpw XΩn-ep≈ h¿≤n-®p-h-cp∂ sshcp-

≤y-ßsf∏‰n Ahsc t_m[-hm-∑m-cm-°pI F∂-Xm-Wv. kaql tiWn-

bnse Xmsg-°n-S-bn-ep-≈-h-cpsS A⁄-X NqjWw sNbvXv ab-°n-

°n-SØn Ahsc Iogvs∏-SpØn \nb-¥n-°pI F∂ Dt±iysØ klm-

bn°m≥ anØp-Iƒ hfsc \√-Xm-Wv. F∂m¬ arXn-b-S-™p-t]mb

Hcp kaq-lsØ Poh-\n-te°v sIm≠p-h-cp-hm\pw AXn-ioLw Po¿Æn-

°p∂ Ah-cpsS [m¿ΩnI aqey-ßsf ]p\¿kr-jvSn-°m\pw AØcw

anØp-I-ƒ°v Ign-bn-√. Ah shdpw anYym- m-h-\-Iƒ amX-am-Wv. anYym-

`m-h-\-Iƒ°v am\p-jnI hyh-lm-c-ß-fn¬ A¿∞-h-Ømbn CS-s]-Sm≥

km≤y-a-√.

tbip InkvXp-hns‚ ]p\-cm-K-a\w

CXp-h-scbp≈ \nco-£-W-ßfpsS ]m-tbm-KnI hi-ßƒ Ct∏mƒ

\ap°v ]I-Sn-∏n-°m\mhpw. a\p-jy-hw-i-Øns‚ ]p\-cp-÷oh\sØ∏-

‰n-bp≈ ][m\ tNmZyw C∂v InkvXp-hns\ tIµ-am°n Id-ßp-I-

bmWv. AXp-sIm≠v At±-l-Øns‚ bmYm¿∞y-sa-¥mWv F∂-Xn-

s\∏‰n ]Tn-°¬ hfsc \n¿Æm-b-I-am-Wv. Bcm-bn-cp∂p At±lw?

Po¿Æn® blqZ kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ InkvXp-hmbn At±lw BZyw Ah-

Xcn-®-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øns‚ ]s-¶¥m-bn-cp-∂p? Ah-km\- Im-eØv

Xm≥ c≠m-aXpw BK-X-\m-hp-sa∂ At±-l-Øns‚ hmKvZm\w FX

Kuc-h-Øn¬ \ap°v ImWm≥ km[n°pw? Cu \n¿Æm-bI

InkvXp-aXw C∂v


]iv\sØ Xo¿®-bmbpw \mw A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠-Xp≠v.

tbip-InkvXp Ab-Ym¿∞hpw a\p-jys‚ mh-\m-krjvSn amXhp-

am-sW∂pw Icp-Xp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ At±-l-Øns‚ ]p\-cm-K-a\w k¶-

ev]n-°m≥ km[y-a-√. ]t£ tbip a\p-jy-`m-h-\bpsS DXv]-∂-a√

At±lw Hcp bYm¿∞ a\p-jy-\m-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-]-Imcw At±lw

bYm¿∞ a\p-jy-in-ip-hmbn Xs∂ ]p\¿P-\n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. ambm-cq]w

t]mse BIm-iØv \n∂pw Cd-ßn-h∂v a\-jysc ho≠pw kµ¿in-

t°-≠-Xn-√. AØcw -am-bm-cq-]-ßƒ Hcn-°epw a\p-jys‚ -Po-hnX

bmYm¿∞y-ßƒ°v \nc-°p-∂-X-√. anØp-I-fp-sSbpw CXn-lm-k-ß-

fp-tSbpw temIØv Pohn-°p-∂-h¿°v XßfpsS hntamN-I≥ hcp-I-

bm-sW¶n¬ Xs∂ At±-lsØ Xncn-®-dn-bm≥ km[y-a-√. Ah¿

Ah-cpsS hnizm-k-Øn¬ XpS-cpI Xs∂ sNøpw.

InkvXy≥ ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ \sΩ ]d™v hniz-kn-∏n-°p-∂Xv

t]mse tbip hmkvX-h-Øn¬ ssZhØns‚ ]pX-\m-sW-¶n¬ Xo¿®-

bmbpw bYm¿∞ amem-J-am-cpsS Npa-en¬ ssIsh®v At±lw al-

Xz-hm-\mbn Xncn-®p-h-cpw. F∂m¬ CXv InkvXym-\n-IfpsS ]Xo-£-

bp-sSbpw A`n-em-j-ß-fp-sSbpw Hcp ambnI `aw amX-am-sW-¶n¬

Cu kw`hw Hcn-°epw \S-°n-√. Hcn-°epw Xs∂ amem-J-am-cpsS

AI-º-Sn-tbmsS ssZh-]p-X\v kvXpXn-Ko-X-ßƒ Io¿Ø\w sNbvXv

a\p-jy-cq-]-Øn¬ ssZhw Ah-tcm-ln-bmhp∂ ImgvN temIw ImWp-

I-bn-√.

Cu Bi-b-ß-sf√mw bp‡n°pw a\p-jy-[m-c-W-Iƒ°pw hncp-

≤-am-Wv. a\pjy [nj-W-sb \nt›-X-\-am-°p∂ F°m-e-tØbpw

henb ImSp-I-b-dnb b£n-°Y t]mse-bm-W-Xv. Cu `am-fl-Iamb

b£n°YIƒ°v ]Icw tbip-hns\ ]‰n-bp≈ AlvaZnøm Xncn-®-

dnhpI-ƒ kzoI-cn-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv a\p-jy-_p-≤n°v A\p-

tbmPyw F∂v amX-a√, am\-h-cm-in-bpsS apgp-h≥ aX-N-cn-X-Øn-t‚bpw

]n¥p-Wbpw AXn-\p-≠m-Ipw. BZyw h∂ tbip-hn¬ \n∂pw hn`n-

∂\√mØ c£-Is\ \ap°v ]Xo-£n-°mw.

tbip BZyw ]nd-∂-Xp-t]mse Ffn-b-h-\m-bn-sIm≠v Hcp hn\o-

X\mb a\p-jys\ \ap°v ho≠pw ]Xo-£n-°mw. At±lw ]≠v

sNbvXXv t]mse AtX ssien-bn¬ t]jnX ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ C\n

hcp-∂-bmfpw \n¿∆-ln-°-Ww. kz`m-h-Ønepw a‰p ]›m-Ø-e-ß-fnepw

PqZn-bm-bnse blq-Zn-Isf t]mse-bp≈ Hcp P\-X-bn¬ \n∂v At±lw

hc-Ww. ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂pw Hcp c£-Is\ ]Xo-£n-®n-cp∂ B P\-

X, Xm≥ hmKvZØ ]cn-jv°¿Øm-hmWv F∂ At±-l-Øns‚

hmZsØ \ntj-[n-°-Ww. At±-lsØ D∑q-e\w sNøm≥ Xßsf

InkvXp-aXw C∂v


sIm≠v Bhp-∂-sX√mw sNø-Ww. tbip-hns‚ BZysØ PohnXw

t]msebp≈ Hcp PohnXw At±lw c≠m-aXpw Pohn®p Xo¿°-Ww.

tbip A\p- -hn® AtX shdp∏n\pw hntZz-jØn\pw Al-¶mcØn\pw

At±-lhpw Ipdn-am-\-am-I-Ww. At±lw Hcn-°¬ IqSn Xs‚ kz¥w

P\-X-bpsS Ic-ßƒ sIm≠-√msX Xs∂ FXn¿Øp sIm≠n-cp∂

as‰mcp i‡n-bpsS ssII-fmepw ]oUn-X-\m-hWw. Xm≥ P\n® P\-

Xsb A-Sn-a-I-fm-°n-sh® Hcp sshtZ-inI kmam-Py-Xz-]-c-am-[n-Im-cn-

bpsS ssII-fm¬ At±lw in£n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw thWw.

]n Un. Hukv s]≥knIn F∂ ]ap-J-\mb -djy≥ ]X-]-h¿Ø-

I≥ Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy ]Ip-Xn-bn¬ tbip-hns‚ c≠mw

hc-hn-s\-°p-dn®v CtX ho£Ww ]¶p sh®psIm≠v Fgp-Xp-I-bp-

≠m-bn.

""tbip-hns\ kw_-‘n®v AXv bmsXm-c¿∞-Ønepw Hcp \qX-

\ Bi-bta Bbn-cn-°p-I-bn-√. AXm-bXv tbip c≠m-aXpw `qan-

bn¬ hcn-I-bm-sW¶n¬ At±lw InkvXp-k-`-bpsS Xe-h-\m-bn-cn-°p-

I-bn-√ F∂p amX-a√ B k`-bn¬ AwK-am-bn-cn-°m\pw km[y-X-bn-

√. k`-bpsS ]Xm-]hpw i‡nbpw \nd™ B ImeL-´-Ønembn-

cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ At±-lsØ Hcp aX-\n-µ-I-\mbn ]Jym]n®p Np´p-sIm-

√m-\m-bn-cn°pw Iev]\ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°pI. hfsc ]_p-≤-amb Cu

Ime-L-´-Øn¬ t]mepw InkvXp-k-` InkvXp hncp-≤-amb \ne-]m-Sp-

Iƒ Dt]-£n-®n-´n-√. Ah-cXv ad®p sh°m≥ ian-°p-∂p-≠v. ]co-

in-I-fp-tSbpw imkvXnam-cp-sSbpw ]oU-\-ßfpw a¿±-\-ß-fp-an-√msX

At±-l-Øn\v Pohn-°-W-sa-¶n¬ AXv djy-bnsehnsS-sb-¶n-ep-ap≈

Hcp k\ym-kn-a-T-Øn-em-bn-cn-°pw km[y-am-hp-I.''1

Cusbmcp bYm¿∞ ]cn-jv°-cW ]In-b-bneqsS-bmWv F√m

ssZh-Zq-X-∑mcpw ]cn-jv°¿Øm-°fpw IS-∂p-h-∂-Xv. CX-√msX as‰√m

k¶-ev]-ßfpw s]m≈bpw \nc¿∞-Ihpw IrXn-a-hp-am-Wv.

]h-N-\-ßsf ]q¿Øo-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v P\-X-I-fn¬ ssZh-\n-bp-‡-

\mb ]cn-jv°¿Øm-°-ƒ BK-X-cm-Ip-tºmƒ GsXmcp P\-X-bpsS

hntam-N-\-Øn\p th≠n-bmtWm At±lw Ab-°-s∏-´Xv B P\X

At±-lsØ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. AXmWv Ft∏mgpw

kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xv. Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ ]cn-jv°¿Øm-hns\∏‰n-bp≈

k¶-ev]-ßƒ bYm¿∞y-Øn¬ \n∂v ambm IY-bn-te°v amdn-bn-´p-

≠m-Ipw. Ah¿ Hcp ambm-]p-cp-js\ ]Xo-£n-°p-Ibpw AXns‚

km£m¬°m-c-Øn-\p-th≠n ImØn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. a\p-jy-hw-

1. P.D. Ouspensky, 'A New Model of the Universe' P. 149-150, Kegan Paul, Trench,Trubener & Co; Ltd. 1938.

InkvXp-aXw C∂v


i-Ønse ssZh-\n-bp-‡-\mb BZysØ ]cn-jv°¿Øm-hns‚ Imew

apX¬ aX Ncn-X-Øn-ep-S-\ofw Cu NcnXw ]p\-cm-h¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp∂p.

km[m-cW a\p-jy-am-Xm-hns‚ ]pX-∑m-cmbn hn\o-X-cmbn ]Xy-£-

s∏-Sp∂ Ah¿ Pohn-X-Øn-ep-S-\ofw a\p-jy-cmbnØs∂-bmWv IW-

°m-°-s∏Sp∂-Xv. ac-W-Øn-\p-tijw hfsc Ign-™mWv Ahsc

ssZh ]Z-hn-bn-te-°p-b¿Øp∂ ]Inb Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. A°m-c-W-

Øm¬ Ah-cpsS ]p\-cm-K-a-\-Øn¬ kzoIm-cyX Akm[yambnØocpw.

AØcw aX-k-aq-l-ßƒ Znhy-]-cn-jvI¿Øm-°fpsS bmYm¿∞y-

ß-fp-ambn A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-tºmƒ Ah¿ H‰-b-Sn°v \ntj-[n-°-s∏-

Sp-∂p. Hcp ambm-]p-cp-j-t\m, AXn-am-\p-jt\m BK-X-\m-Ip-sa∂v ]Xo-

£n®p sIm≠n-cn-°p-∂-h¿ AXn\v ]Icw Hcp km-[m-c-W-°m-cs\

Fßs\ kzoI-cn°pw? tbip-hns‚ ]p\-cm-K-a\w kw -hn-®p-I-gn-™n´pw

AXv ImWmt\m AwKo-I-cn-°mt\m Ign-bmsX t]mbXv AXp-sIm-

≠m-Wv.

th≠-hn[w sXfn-hp-I-fn-√mØ Hc-h-Im-i-hmZw an° hmb-\-°mcpw

Xnc-kv°-cn-t®-°mw. temIØv Hcp i≤bpw ]nSn®p ]‰msX tbip

Fßs\ hcn-Ibpw t]mhp-Ibpw sNbvXp? InkvXob temIhpw

CkvemanI temIhpw Adn-bmsX Fßs\ tbip h∂p-t]m-bn? B[p-

\nI ImeØv CØcw \nc-h[n Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ß-fp-am-bn ]ecpw cwK-

]-th-i\w sNøm-dp-≠v. Ah¿ Xm¬°m-en-I-ambn Nmb-t°m-∏-bn¬

Im‰p -tImfpw krjvSn-°m-dp-ap-≠v. ]t£, Ah-sc√mw ]n∂oSv

Ftßm´p-t]m-bn F∂-dn-bn√.

Hcp ImeØv ]e cmPy-ß-fnepw ]e-hn[ `‡n ]ÿm-\-ßfpw

IqWp-Iƒ t]mse apf®p s]m¥p-I-bp-≠m-bn. tbip- Ab-°-s∏´ncn-

°p∂p As√-¶n¬ tbip-hns‚ aps∂mcp-°-°m-cs\ Ab-°p-∂p-sh-

t∂m D-≈ Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ßƒ ]e kµ¿`-ßfnembn D≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

Cu hmZhpw AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ H∂m-bn-cn-°mw. Kuc-h- _p≤ntbmsS

Nn¥n-°p∂ a\p-jy¿ CØcw hnj-b-sØ-∏-‰n Nn¥n®v F¥n\v kabw

If-bWw? Cßs\ Hcp hmZw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-tºmƒ Xo¿®-bmbpw

hfsc Kuc-hm-hl-amb kwi-b-ßƒ krjvSn°-s∏-SpIbpw A‘m-

fn-∏n-°p∂ ]tl-fn-I-Iƒ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t°-≠n-h-cn-Ibpw sNøpw.

tbip bYm¿∞Øn¬ h∂p F∂Xv Zriy-h¬°-cn-°m≥ Rßƒ

hmb-\-°m-tcmSp A`y¿∞n-°p-∂p. tbip-hns‚ ]p\-cm-Ka\w Hcp

ambm-°m-gvN-bm-bn-´mtWm kw`-hn-°p-I AX√ At±-lØn\v ÿqe

ico-c-tØmsS BK-X-\m-hm≥ Ign-bptam? As√-¶n¬ as‰mcp ]Xn-

\n-[nsb Ab-®m-bn-cn-°p-tam AXv \nd-th-‰-s∏-SpI? C-Ø-c-Øn-ep≈

\nc-h[n kwi-b-ßƒ°v DØcw ]d-bp-∂-Xn\v apºmbn sXm´p-ap-I-

InkvXp-aXw C∂v


fn¬ sImSpØ tNmZy-Øns‚ DØ-c-amWv e`n-t°-≠-Xv.

InkvXob temIhpw apkvenw temIhpw tbip-hns‚ c≠mw hc-

hns\ hc-th¬°m≥ am\-kn-I-ambn k∂-≤-amtWm? Aßn-s\-bm-

sW-¶n¬ GXp cq]-Øn¬? GXp coXn-bn¬? InkvXym-\n-I-fp-tSbpw

apkvenwI-fp-tSbpw ho£W tImWn¬ t\m°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ tbip

Ft∏m-sg¶nepw Xncn®p hcn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ AXv ]uVKw`o-chpw

hy‡-hpamb AS-bm-f-ß-tfmSpIqSn--bm-bn-cn-°pw. ]I¬ shfn-®-Øn¬

amem-J-am-cpsS AI-º-Sn-tbmsS At±lw BIm-iØp \n∂v Ah-tcm-

lnbmhptºmƒ G‰hpw henb kwi-bm-ep-hn-\p-t]mepw AXv \ntj-

[n-°m≥ Ign-bmsX hcpw.

Zp:JI-c-sa∂p ]d-bs´, hnNnX Iev]n-X-\mb Hcp tbip-hn-s\-

bmWv C∂sØ temI-Øn-\m-h-iyw. AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp tbipthm

At±-lsØ t]mse a‰m-sc-¶n-eptam CXp-hsc CXn\v apºv a\pjy

Ncn-X-Øn¬ BK-X-\m-bn- n-√. F∂m¬ aX-N-cnXw Kuc-h-am-sb-SpØv

]Tn-°p∂ Hcmƒ°v aX-ÿm]-Icpw a‰p Znhy ]pcp-j-∑mcpw BIm-i-

tØ°v ki-cocw Ib-dn-t∏mb \nc-h[n hnh-c-W-ßƒ ImWm≥ km[n-

°pw. CØcw Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ßƒ hfsc IqSp-Xepw hfsc hym]-I--

hp-am-Wv. Xß-fpsS aX ]pcp-jp-∑msc AXn-am-\p-j-cm-°p-hm\pw AXyp-

∂-Xn-bn-te-°p-b¿Øp-hm\pw CØcw sI´p-I-Y-Iƒ Nabv-°pI F∂Xv

temI hym]-I-amb Hcp ]h-W-Xbmbn ImWp-∂p. tNmZy-an-XmWv,

Hcp ]t£, temIØv C∂p≈ tImSn-°-W-°n\v hnizm-kn-Iƒ AwKo-

I-cn® CØcw hnizm-k-ßsf \ap-s°-ßs\ \ntj-[n-°m≥ Ignbpw?

InkvXym-\n-Ifpw apkvenwIfpw IqSn 200 tImSn-b-en-[nIw hcp∂ P\-

ßƒ CØcw hnizm-k-ß-fnepw AXp-t]mse hn`am-flI-amb a‰p

kw`-h-ß-fnepw hniz-kn-°p-∂p. AXp-sIm≠p \apt°m a‰p-≈-

h¿°m¿s°-¶n-eptam Ab-Ym¿∞hpw `mh-\m-flm-I-hp-amWv CØcw

hnizm-k-ß-sf∂p ]d™v X≈n-°-f-bm≥ F¥v Ah-Im-i-amWv D≈-

sX∂v hmb-\-°m-c≥ tNmZn-t®-°mw. Cu ho£-W-tIm-Wn¬ \n∂v

CXv ]cn-tim-[n-°pI F∂Xv hfsc ia-I-c-amb tPmenbmWv F∂v

Rßƒ kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p. AXm-bXv Htcmhn`mKw aX hnizm-kn-I-fpw

Ah¿ hniz-kn-°p∂ aX-K-Ÿ-ß-fpsS ]n¥p-W-bn-√msX Ah-cpsS

AØcw hnizm-k-ßsf \ncm-I-cn-°m≥ hfsc ]bm-k-I-c-am-Wv.

Hcmƒ hymJym\-ß-fpsS \qem-am-e-I-fn-eqsS apt∂dn Ah-km\w ap≥K-

W-\-bp-sSbpw sXc-s™-Sp-∏n-s‚bpw ]iv\-Øn¬ Xs∂-bm-bn-cn-°pw

FØn-t®-cp-I. Aßs\ Hcm-fpsS hymJym-\Ikd-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-

bn-°-gn™ B aX-K-Ÿ-tam, aX-N-cn-Xtam hmNym¿∞-am-sWt∂m -

B-e-¶m-cn-Im¿∞-am-sWt∂m hn[n-sb-gp-X-s∏-Spw. ]c-kv]-c-hn-cp-≤-amb

InkvXp-aXw C∂v


hni-Zo-I-c-W-ß-fpsS Cu NXp-∏v \netØ°v Imse-SpØv sh®Xv

sIm≠v bmsXm-cp ]tbm-P-\-hp-an-√. F¶nepw Cu `mcn® iaØn¬

\n∂pw c£-s∏-Sm≥ Hcp hgn-bp-≠v. \ap°v hmb-\-°m-c\v AXv ImWn-

®p-sIm-Sp-°mw. F∂n´v At±-lsØ kzoI-c-W-Øns‚tbm Xnc-kvI-

c-W-Ønt‚tbm hgn-bn-te°v £Wn-°mw.

hmZ-Øn\p th≠n BIm-i-tØ°v Db¿∂p-t]mbn F∂ aX-t\-

Xm-°-∑m-cpsS Ah-Im-i-hmZw apJ-hn-e-s°-Sp-°mw. tbip BIm-i-

tØ°v Db¿∂p-t]mbn F∂ hmZw _mlym¿∞-Øn¬ Xs∂-sb-

Sp°mw. AXp-t]mse At±-l-Øns‚ BIm-iØv \n∂p≈ Cd°w

A£-cm¿∞-Øntem bmYm¿∞y-amtbm kw -hn°pw F∂pw Icp-XpI.

F¶n¬, AXp-t]m-se-bp≈ a‰p kw`-h-ßƒ \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xn¬

bmsXmcp A¿∞-hp-an-√. Gen-bm-hn-t‚bpw* imtemw cmPm-hn-t‚bpw**

Ckvemanse inbm hn`m-K-Øns‚ ]¥-≠m-asØ Cam-an-t‚bpw***

BIm-im-tcm-l-Whpw AXp-t]mse lnµp ssZh-ß-fp-sSbpw Znhy ]pcp-

j-∑m-cp-sSbpw ssZhXzw Btcm-]n-°-s∏´ Bfp-I-fp-sSbpw BIm-i-

bm-X-Iƒ F¥n\v \mw Hgn-®p-\n¿ØWw? CØcw hnizmk--ßƒ ]¶n-

Sp-∂h¿ XΩn¬ hnhm-Z-ß-fn¬ G¿s∏-Sp-∂Xv A¿∞ iq\y-am-Wv.

AØcw A‘ hnizm-kn-I-tfmSv Bsc-¶nepw Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw BIm-

i-Øns‚ A\-¥-Xbn¬ ki-co-c-tØmSp IqSn A]-Xy-£-\mbXmtbm

BIm-i-tØ°v Db¿∂p-t]mb B hy‡n AtX ico-c-tØmSp

* Gen-bmhv : ss__nƒ ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ ]Xn-]m-Zn-® ]ap-J-\mb Hcp Ckvd-tbeo ]hm-N-I≥. Knse bmZnse Xnjvs_-bn-emWv Cu ]hm-N-I≥ Pohn-®-sX-¶nepw At±-l-Øns‚ ]q¿∆-N-cnXw Fßpw ImWp-∂n-√. a¬°nktZ-°ns\ t]mse]nXmthm amXmthm hwi ]c-º-c-tbm, Xs‚ Znh-k-ßƒ°v Bcw-`tam Bbp- ns‚Ah-km-\tam C√m-Ø-h-\mbn ]gb \nb-a-Øn¬ Ct±lw \nd™p \n¬°p-∂p."Genbmhv Xs‚ ]nb-s∏´ injy\pw ]n≥Km-an-bp-amb Geo-i-bp-samØv Kn¬Km-en¬\n∂v bmX sNøp-tºmƒ "A·n-c-Y-ßfpw Aiz-ßfpw h∂v Ahsc th¿]n-cn-°pIbpwGen-bmhv Npg-en-°m-‰n¬ kz¿§-Øn-te°v Ib-dp-Ibpw sNbvXp.' (2 cmPm: 2:1-˛15).aninlm -A-h-X-cn-°p-∂-Xn\v ap-ºmbn Gen-bmhv BImiØv \n∂pw hcp-sa∂vblqZ∑m¿ ]h-N-\-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ -hniz-kn-®n-cp-∂p. tbip aninlmbmbnh∂-t∏mƒ At±-lsØ blq-Zn-Iƒ \ncm-I-cn-°m-\p-≠mb Imc-W-ß-fn¬ ][m-\-ambH∂v Gen-bmhv BIm-i-Øp-\n∂pw Cdßn hcp-∂Xv ImWm-ØXv sIm≠m-bn-cp∂p(hnh:)

** imtew cmPmhv : bcp-tiew Xs∂-bmWv imtew F∂v Nne ss__nƒ ]WvUn-X-∑m¿ ]d-bp∂p: a¬°nktZ-°mWv Ahn-SpsØ cmPmhv. At±lw BIm-iØv Pohn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂v hniz-kn-°p-∂p. (hnh:)

*** inbm-°-fpsS 12- mw Camw: ]¥-≠p-Im¿ (Ckv\m Ai-cn-ø) F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂inbm I£n-bpsS ]¥-≠m-asØ Camw apl-ΩZv C_v\p lk≥ A¬ AkvIcnsNdp-]m-b-Øn¬ A∫m-knøm Jnem-^-Øns‚ ]oU\w kln-°m≥ Ign-bmsX HcpInW‰n¬ A¥¿[m\w sNbvXp-sh∂v inbm-°ƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Ah-km\ \mfn¬At±lw ]Xy-£-\mbn k¬`-cWw \S-Øp-sa∂pw Ah¿ hniz-kn°p∂p. (hn-h:)

InkvXp-aXw C∂v


IqSnØs∂ ho≠pw `qan-bn¬ kµ¿in®Xmtbm Dff Hcp kw`hw

temI Ncn-X-ØnsehnsS-sb-¶nepw \S∂Xmbn ImWn-®p-X-cm≥ ]-

‰ptam F∂v tNmZn-°pI. Aßs\sbm∂v FhnsSsb-¶nepw kw`-hn-

®n-´p-s≠-¶n¬ Ah¿ AXv ImWn®p Xc-s´.

AØcw Ah-Im-i-hm-Z-ßfpsS km£m¬°mcw Fhn-sSbpw \S-

∂n-ń√ F∂n-cns° c≠v am¿§-ß-fmWv Hcmƒ°v apºn¬ Xpd-∂p-In-S-

°p-∂Xv. H∂p-In¬ hymPamsW∂v ]d™p AØcw Ah-Imi hmZ-

ßsf \ncm-I-cn°mw. A√m-Ø-]£w Fen-bm-hns‚ c≠mw hc-hns‚

Imcy-Øn¬ tbip sNbvXXv t]mse AXv Be-¶m-cnI A¿∞Øn¬

kzoI-cn-°p-I. CXn¬ \n∂pw Hcp Imcyw hfsc hy‡-am-Wv. A£-

cm¿∞-Øn¬ BIm-iØv \n∂p-ap≈ tb-ip-hns‚ Cd°w ]Xo-£n-

®n-cn-°p-∂-h¿ tbip-hns‚ Pohn-X-Ønse bmYm¿∞y-ßƒ°pw

Xßƒ°panS-bn¬ Hcp XS w krjvSn-°p-I-bm-Wv. tbip c≠m-aXpw

hcn-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ At±-l-Øn\v apºv h∂ F√m Znhy ]cn-jv°¿Øm-

°-tfbpw t]mse km[m-cW a\p-jy-\mbns°m≠mWv At±-lhpw

hcn-I. tbip hn\o-X-\mb Hcp km[m-c-W-°m-c-\mbns°m≠v ê-

kvXo-\nse PqZnb t]m-se-bp≈ as‰mcp ÿeØv ho≠pw ]Xy-£-

\m-hp-Ibpw tbip-hn\v ]≠v c-ta¬∏n-°-s∏-´-Xp-t]m-se-bp≈ ZuXyw

c≠m-aXpw Gev]n-°s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ê-kvXo≥

P\X A∂v tbip-hn-t\mSv s]cp-am-dn-bXv t]mse C∂pw At±lw

BK-X-\m-hp∂ \mńse P\X At±-l-tØmSp s]cp-am-dp-∂-Xm-Wv.

hmKvZØ akolv

CXp Xs∂-bmWv \mw hniz-kn-°p∂ ako-lns‚ c≠mw hc-

hnepw AS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ kwK-Xn. GI-tZiw \qdv h¿jw apºv AXv

kw`-hn-®p. an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv JmZn-bm\n (A) F∂ km[m-c-W-

°m-c-\mb Hcp a\p-jy-\n¬ AXv kw`-hn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. InkvXym-

\n-Ifpw apkvenwIfpw Hcp-t]mse hcp-sa∂v ImØn-cp∂ ssZh-Øns‚

hninjvS\mb ]hm-N-I≥, \kvtdØnse adn-b-bpsS ]pX-\mb tbip

as‰√m ]hm-N-I-∑m-tcbpw t]mse acn®p t]mbn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ssZhw

Xs∂ Adn-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂v At±lw ]Jym-]n-®p. tbip ico-c-

tØm-Sp-IqSn Pohn-®ncn-°p-∂n-√. At±lw Hcn-°epw ico-c-tØmSp IqSn

BIm-i-ØnsehntS°pw Db¿Ø-s∏-Sp-Itbm ho≠pw `qan kµ¿in-

°≥ hcn-Itbm C√ F∂v lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A)

]Jym-]n-®p. ssZh-Øns‚ as‰√m ]hm-N-I-∑m-scbpw t]mse

tbiphpw ac-W-a-S-™p. At±lw Hcp ]hm-N-I-\n¬ Ihn™v Bcp-

am-bn-cp-∂n√. InkvXym-\n-Ifpw apkvenwIfpw Hcp t]mse s]mXp-

hmbn hniz-kn-°p∂ tbip-hns‚ c≠mw hchv Bflo-bm¿∞-Øn-emWv

InkvXp-aXw C∂v


kw -hn-°p-I. A£-cm¿∞-Øne-√. B ]h-N-\-Øns‚ km£m¬°m-

c-ambns°m≠mWv Xm≥ Fgp-t∂¬∏n-°-s∏- sX∂v At±lw ]d-™p.

]©m-_nse Ipeo-\-amb Hcp IpSpw-_-Øn-emWv an¿km- Kpemw

AlvaZv (A) P\n-®-Xv. kº¬ kar-≤nbpw _lp-a-Xnbpw t\Snsb-

Sp-°m≥ At±-l-Øns‚ IpSpw_w _≤ i≤-cm-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£,

euIn-Im-k-‡n-bn¬ \n∂pw ]cm-ßvapJ-\mbn lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)

temIØv \n∂pw _lp-Zqcw hn´p \n¬°p-Ibpw IqSp-X¬ ka-bhpw

ssZhm-cm-[-\-bnepw aX-]-T-\-ß-fnepw apgp-In-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

Gsd-°psd temI-Øn\v \jvS-amb Hcp hy‡n-bm-bn-cp∂p At±lw.

Xs‚ sIm®p ]´-W-Øn¬ t]mepw A]q¿∆w t]¿°v amXta At±-

lsØ Adn-bm-am-bn-cp-∂p. ItaW Ckvemans‚ Pb-im-en-bmb

t]mcm-fn-bmbns°m≠v C¥y-bpsS aX-N-I-hm-f-Øn¬ At±lw DZn-

®p-s]m-ßn. apkvenwIƒ amX-a√ A\y-a-X-ÿ-cn¬ hsc AXymZ-c-

apf-hm-°p∂ Hcp Znhy-]p-cp-j-\mbn At±-l-Øns‚ Io¿Øn ]c-°m≥

XpS-ßn. At±-l-Øns‚ ]m¿∞-\-Isf√mw k^-e-ß-fm-bn. ssZh-

hp-ambn _‘-ap≈ Bƒ F∂-Xn\v P\-ßƒ km£yw hln-®p. a\p-

jy-Xz-tØmSpw a\p-jyZp:JtØmSp-ap≈ At±-l-Øns‚ AXy-Km[-

amb ]Xn-_-≤-X tNmZyw sNø-s∏-SmØXmbn-cp-∂p.

\n¿`m-Ky-I-c-sa∂p ]d-b-s´, Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ Ckvemans‚

C¥y-bnse \ne ]c-a-Z-b-\o-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. _n´ojv kmam-PyXz \b-

ß-fpsS ]n¥p-W-tbmsS InkvXob aX-]-Nm-c-I-∑m¿ Ckveman-s\-

Xn-cmbn amX-a-√, Ckvemans‚ ÿm]-I-cmb ]cn-ip≤ ]hm-N-Isc

∏‰nbpw AXn-\n-inX-amb hna¿i-\-ß¬ Agn-®p-hn-´p. C¥y-bnse

G‰hpw henb aX-amb lnµp-a-X-Øn¬ \n∂pw Xoh-amb Bth-i-

tØmsS Ckveman-s\-Xnsc Hcp ZznapJmIaWw Db¿∂p hcn-I-bp-

≠m-bn. lnµp kwkvIm-chpw BNm-c-ßfpw ]p\-cp-÷o-hn-∏n-°p-Ibpw

AtX-k-abw Ckveman-t\bpw apkvenwItfbpw C¥y-bn¬ \n∂v D∑q-

e\w sNøp-I-bp-am-bn-cp∂p AhcpsS ]cn-]m-Sn. C¥y-bn¬ thcn-d°n

\n¬°m≥ bmsXmcp Ah-Im-i-hp-an√mØ hntZ-in-I-fmWv apkvenwIƒ

F∂v Ah¿ NnXo-I-cn-®p. AXn¬ G‰hpw AI-a-tWm-’p-I¿ 1875

¬ ]WvUn‰v Zbm-\µ kc-kzXn (1824-˛1883) ÿm]n® Bcy-k-amPw

]ÿm--\-am -bn-cp-∂p. Hcp ]t£, CXm-bn-cn°mw lZvdØv an¿km

Kpemw AlvaZn(A)\v Ckvemans\ ]Xn-tcm-[n-°m≥ hni-Z-amb aX-

Xm-c-Xay Kth-j-W-ßƒ \-S-Øm≥ IqSp-X¬ ]tNmZ\-ta-In-b-Xv.

At±-l-Øns‚ ]T\ Kth-j-W-ßƒ Ckvemans‚ Hu∂-XysØ

H∂pIqSn A-c-°n-´p-d-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. am\hob ]iv\-ß-tfm-

Sp≈ Jp¿-Bs‚ hyXn-cn-‡-amb kao-]\w At±-lsØ lTm-Zm-I¿jn-

®p. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ a\p-jy\v Hcp kz`mh kwlnX kΩm-\n-®p-

InkvXp-aXw C∂v


sIm≠v AXn-s‚ A≤ym-]-\-ßƒ tkz—m-]-c-ambn ASn-t®¬∏n-°p-

∂n-√. hfsc bp‡n-k-l-amb hmZ-ap-J-ß-fn-eqsS sXfn-hp-Iƒ \nc-

Øn-s°m≠v \n¿±n-jvS-amb B A≤ym-]-\-ßƒ G‰hpw DNn-X-am-sW∂v

hy‡-am-°p-∂p.

At±-l-Øns‚ ]T\ Kth-j-W-ßƒ, A°m-eØv \n -lm-bm-h-

ÿ-bn-em-bn-cp∂ Ckvemans‚ Pb-im-enbmb t]mcm-fn-bm°n At±-

lsØ am‰n. C¥y-bn¬ Ckveman\v A°m-eØv G‰hpw Ahiyw

th≠p∂ ]Xn-tcm[ ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ At±lw \n¿∆-ln-®p. a‰p-≈-h-

cp-ambn sNdnb tXmXn¬ aX-kw-hm-Z-ßƒ \S-Øn-bm-bn-cp-∂p At±-

l-Øns‚ s]mXp PohnXw Bcw-`n-®Xv. ItaW AXv hn]p-e-amb

hrØ-ß-fn-te°v hym]n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ckvemans‚ G‰hpw Ign-

hp‰ A]-Xn-tcm-[y-\mb t]mcmfn F∂ \ne°v At±-l-Øn-s‚ bi v

hnZq-c-ß-fn-te°v ]c-°m≥ XpS-ßn.

B Ime-L-´-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p aX-km-lnXy temIsØ G‰hpw

B[n-Im-cn-I-amb Hcp KŸØns‚ cN\ At±lw \n¿∆-ln-®Xv. _dm-

lns\ AlvaZnø F∂ B KŸw 50 hmey-ß-fn-embn Fgp-Xm-

\mbncp∂ At±lw Dt±-in-®Xv. ]t£, ]£p-_v[-amb kw`h ]c-

º-c-I-fpsS B[nIyw ImcWw B IrXyw XpS-cm\pw ]q¿Øo-I-cn-

°m\pw At±-l-Øn\p Ign™n√. A©v hmey-ßƒ amXta At±-

l-Øn\v ]q¿Øn-bm-°m≥ km[n®p-≈q. Ime-L-´-Øns‚ Bh-iy-

ßƒ°-\p-k-cn®v At±lw [mcmfw a‰p KŸ-ßƒ Fgp-Xn. hmkvX-

h-Øn¬ At±lw F¥mtWm Fgp-Xm≥ Dt±-in-®Xv B hnj-b-ßfpw

AXn¬ IqSp-X-emb hnj-b-ßfpw B KŸ-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏-´n-cp-∂p.

bYm¿∞-Øn¬ Xm≥ hmKvZm\w sNbvX-Xn-t\-°mƒ IqSp-X¬

At±lw ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. _dm-lns\ AlvaZnøm F∂

B KŸ-Øns‚ \ma-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂n√ F∂p amXw. aX-]p-tcm-ln-X-

∑m-cpsS klm-b-an-√msX Hcmƒ H‰°v CX-b-[nIw KŸ-c-N-\-Iƒ

\n¿∆-ln-°pI F∂Xv A¤p-X-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. KŸ-ßƒ, KZy-te-J-

\w, ]_‘w apX-emb 110 cN-\-Iƒ At±lw \n¿∆-ln-®p. kmlnXy

cN-\-I-ƒ amX-am-bn-cp∂n√ D]- q-J-WvU-Øns‚ apgp-h≥ AwKo-Imcw

At±-l-Øn\v t\Sn-s°m-Sp-Ø-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ Bflob KpW-ßƒ

IqSn h≥tXm-Xn¬ At±-l-Øn\v Io¿Ønbpw _lp-a-Xnbpw t\Sn-s°m-

Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb ]¶p hln-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn.

lZvdØv AlvaZns‚ (A) bi v DZn-®p-b-cp-Ibpw ]c∂p hnim-

e-am-Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. B ]mcw` Ime-L- -Øn¬ Xs∂

an°-hmdpw F√m aX-ßfpw Ah-km\ ImeØv BK-X-\mIpsa∂v

]Xo-£n-®n-cp∂ -Ah-km-\-Im-esØ ]cn-jv°¿Øm-hmbn-s°m≠v

InkvXp-aXw C∂v


`mcn® DØchmZnXzw \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn-\mbn A-√mlp At±-lsØ Xnc-

s™-Sp-Øp. apkvenw ho£W ]Imcw At±lw ssZh-Øm¬ am¿§-

Z¿i\w \¬I-s∏´ ]cn-jv°¿Øm-hmb "A¬ alvZn' Bbn-cp∂p.

apkvenwI-fp-sSbpw InkvXym-\n-I-fp-sSbpw ho£W tImWn¬ tbip-

hns‚ c≠mw hc-hns\ kw_-‘n-®p≈ ]h-N-\-ßƒ ]q¿Øo-I-cn-

°p∂ hmKvZØ akolns‚ ]Zhnbnte°v At±lw Ah-tcm-[n-X-

\mbn. Cu ssZhnI \nb-a-\-Øn\v apºv At±lw kºm-Zn® ]i-

kvXnbpw Io¿Øn-bp-sa√mw AtXmsS \jvS-s∏-´p. Ime-Øns‚ ]cn-

jv°¿Øm-hmbn ssZhw \ntbm-Kn® an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A) DS≥

Xs∂ ]cn-Xy-‡-\m-bn. a‰p aX-ÿ¿ amX-a√ At±-lsØ \ntj-[n-

®Xv. BcpsS aXØn\p-th-≠n-bmtWm At±lw AXn-Kw-`o-c-ambpw

A]-Xn-tcm-[y-ambpw t]mcm-Sn-bXv B P\X Xs∂ AYhm C¥y-

bnse apkvenwIƒ Xs∂ At±-lsØ AXn-cq-£-ambn \ntj-[n-®p.

AXv At±-l-Øn\v Bflo-b-ambn Hcp \h-P∑w \¬In. At±lw

GI-\mbn temIØv hcn-Ibpw GI-\m-bn-s°m≠v Xs∂ aX-tem-IØv

Hcp ]pXnb Pohn-X-Øn\v XpS-°w Ipdn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-t∏mƒ Xs‚

Np‰p-ap-≈-h-sc√mw At±-lsØ Dt]-£n-®p. ]t£ ssZhw At±-

lsØ ssIshSn™n-√. B Xo£vW-amb FXn¿∏ns‚ Ime-L-´-

ß-fn¬ ssZh-Øn¬ \n∂pw At±-l-Øn\v klm-bhpw ]n¥p-Wbpw

hmKvZm\w sNbvXp-sIm≠v ]e-hn-[-Øn-ep≈ shfn-]m-Sp-Ifpw e`n-

®p. Hcn°¬ At±-l-Øn\v Cßs\sbmcp shfn-]m-Sp-≠mbn.

"temIØv Hcp Xm°oXpIm-c≥ h∂p. ]t£ temIw At±-lsØ

kzoI-cn-®n-√. ]t£ ssZhw At±-lsØ kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw i‡n-a-

Ømb ZrjvSm-¥-ß-fm¬ At±-l-Øns‚ kXyw temIØv ÿm]n-

°p-Ibpw sNbvXp'.

"`qan -bpsS tImWp-I-fn -temfw Rm≥ \ns‚ ktµ-isØ

FØn°pw.'

FXn-cm-fn-I-fpsS ssIøm-ep≈ cq£-amb FXn¿∏p-Isf XpS¿∂v

At±lw GIm-Inbpw Xnc-kvIr-X\pambnØo¿∂-t∏mƒ At±-l-Øn\v

km¥z-\-ambn e`n® BZy-Ime shfn-]m-Sp-I-fm-bn-cp∂p Ch. \qdp-h¿j-

ßƒ°p-tijw At±-l-Øns‚ hmZ-ß-tfbpw ]h-N-\-ß-tfbpw shfn-

]mSv kXy-ß-tfbpw ]q¿W-ambpw ]n¥p-W-®p-sIm≠v kmh-Im-i-Øn¬

NnX-ßƒ sXfn-™p-h-cm-\m-cw-`n®p

B Hcp a\p-jy-\n¬ \n∂pw AXv temIsØ A©p `qJ-WvU-

ß-fn-ep≈ 134 cmPy-ß-fn¬ Hcp tImSn-bmbn h¿≤n-®n-cn-°p-∂p.* At±-

l-Øn-s‚ ktµ-i-ßƒ `qan-bpsS tImWp-I-tfmfw FØn-°-gn-™p.

]Sn-™m-dns‚ G‰hpw A‰Øv \n∂pw Ing-°ns‚ hnZqc tImWp-I-fn-InkvXp-aXw C∂v


temfw AXv sNs∂-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ata-cn-°-bnepw, bqtdm-∏nepw

B^n-°-bnepw Gjy-bnepw im¥ kap-Z-Øns‚ sX°p-In-g-°≥

`mK-Øp≈ Zzo]p-I-fmb ^nPn, Xqhm-ep, tkmf-a≥ Zzo]p-Iƒ apX-

emb ÿe-ß-fnepw hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏´ k∑m¿§-Z¿i-I-\mb

hmKvZØ ako-lns‚ c≠mw hc-hm-bn-s°m≠v At±-l-Øns‚ BK-

a\w kzoI-cn-°-s∏´p. At±-l-Øns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ alm-km-K-c-ßƒ

t]msebp≈ InkvXob temI-hp-ambn Xmc-aXyw sNøp-tºmƒ

sIm®p Pem-ibamsW∂v hnti-jn-∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn°pw G‰hpw \√Xv.

lZvdØv an¿km-Kpemw AlvaZv (A)s‚ ]ÿm-\-Øns‚

kpZo¿L-amb t\ -ßƒ hnh-cn-°m≥ Chn-sS-bp-≈ Cu sNdnb ÿew

aXn-bm-hp-I-bn-√. ]t£ Hcp kp]-[m-\-amb Imcyw, B[p-\nI

temIØv as‰mcp aX-]-ÿm-\hpw CXbpw i‡-amb Nph-Sp-sh-∏p-

I-tfmsS CX-thKw ]ptcm-K-an-°p-Ibpw hym]n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn´n-√.

F∂ hkvXpX ]tXyIw FSpØp ]d-tb≠Xp≠v. adn®v Hcp Iƒ´v

hnizm-ktam P\-]n-b-amb aX-`-atam A√. Kuc-hmhlamb ktµ-

i-am-Wv. XnI™ A®-S°hpw `Ko-cY bXv\hpw AXns‚ A\p-bm-

bn-I-fn¬ \n∂v Bh-iy-s∏SpIbpw D∂-Xn-bn-te°v IpXn--sIm-≈p-Ibpw

sNøp∂p Hcp ]ÿm-\-am-WXv. AXns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ Pohn-X-

Øn-ep-S-\ofw sNbvXp Xo¿t°≠ `mcn® DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-ßƒ kzbw

kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. BZy-Ime F o≥** kaq-lsØt∏mse Ah¿ Gsd-

°psd hnc‡ Pohn-X-amWv \bn-°p-∂-Xv. lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw

AlvaZns\ hmKvZØ ako-lmbn kzoI-cn-°pI F∂Xv shdpsX

hnt\m-Z-Øn\pw D√m-k-Øn\pw th≠n-bp-≈-X√. Pohn-X-Øn-ep-S-\o-f-

ap≈ ]Xn-_-≤-X-bm-W-Xv. Cu kaq-l-Øn¬ AwK-am-hp-∂-tXmsS

* BtKm-fm-Sn-ÿm-\-Øn-ep≈ Iq´mb ]Nm-cW ]≤-Xn-I-fpsS ^e-ambn C∂vAlvaZnøm Pam-AØv 181 cmPy-ß-fn¬ ]N-cn-°p-Ibpw AwK-kwJy GI-tZiw 20tImSn-tbm-f-ambn h¿≤n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-´p-≠v. (hnh:)

** F o-\n-Iƒ: tbip-hns‚ ImeØv e-kvXo-\n-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Hcp blq-Z-k-aqlw.GI-ssZ-h-hn-izm-kn-I-fpw, kmXzn-I-cpw, I¿i-\-amb aX-Po-hnXw \bn-®-hcpw euInIhnc-‡-cp-am-bn-cp∂p F o-\n-Iƒ. Irjn, tX\o® hf¿Ø¬, Bim-cn-∏Wn F∂o tPmen-Iƒ sNbvXn-cp∂ Ch¿ \K-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂v AI-∂p-I-gn-bp-Ibpw ip`-h-kvX-ßƒ [cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. ss__n-fn¬ Ch-sc-°p-dn®v bmsXmcp ]cm-a¿i-hp-an-√. tbip-hns\ hniz-kn-°p-Ibpw i‡-ambn ]n¥p-W-°p-I-bpw, klm-bn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX F o-\n-Isf Ipdn®v Jp¿-B≥ (62:15, 5:112) A\p-kva-cn-°p-∂p. "lhm-cn-Iƒ (ip- -h-kvX-[m-cn-Iƒ) F∂mWv Jp¿-B≥ Ahsc hnti-jn-∏n-®-Xv. PqX-N-cn-X-Im-c-∑m-cmbtPmk- kv,]vfn\n, ^ntem F∂n-h-cpsS IrXn-I-fn¬ F n-\o-I-sf-Ipdn®v ]cm-a¿i-ap≠v. 1947¬Nmhp-I-S-en-∂- n-ap-J-ambn \n∂ Jpwdm≥ Xmgvhc-bnse Kpl-I-fn¬ \n∂pw Is≠-SpØNmhp-I-S¬ Npcp-fp-Iƒ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp∂ tXm¬Np-cp-fp-I-fnse enJn-X-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWvCu aX-k-aq-l-sØ-]‰n B[p-\n-I-tem-I-Øn\v IqSp-X¬ Adnhp e`n-®Xv (hnh:)

InkvXp-aXw C∂v


InkvXp-aXw C∂v

A\-`n-e-j-Wo-b-amb Pohn-Xm-kzm-Z-\-ß-sf√mw \ntj-[n-°s∏Sp-∂p.

]t£ temIhnc-‡\mb ]cn-hm-P-I-s\-t∏mse Hcp k\ym-kn Pohn-

X-a√ AXv. AKm-[-amb t_m≤y-ß-tfmsS-bp≈ ]Xn-_-≤-Xbpw

kwXr-]vXnbpw lrZb-im-¥nbpw Ahsc IqSp-X¬ XymK k∂-≤-cm-

°p-Ibpw AXyp-∂-X-amb \ne-hm-c-Øn¬ ÿnc-Nn-Ø-cmbn \n¿Øp-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. kmº-ØnI XymK-Øn¬ Xpey-X-bn-√mØ Hcp kaq-

l-sØ-bmWv At±lw krjvSn-®-Xv. ]cn-ip-≤-amb e£y-Øn\v th≠n

Cu kaq-l-Ønse hcp-am-\-ap≈ F√m AwK-ßfpw Npcp-ßn-bXv ]Xn-

\m-dn-sem∂p hoXw Zm\w sNøp-∂p. Ah¿ A\p-jvTn-°p∂ \nkzm¿∞-

amb XymK-ßfpw A≤zm-\-Øns‚ Afhpw Btcbpw Aº-c-∏n-°p-∂-

Xm-Wv. CsX√mw Ah¿ \n¿∆-ln-°p-∂Xv AWp-amX t]mepw \n¿_-

‘-an-√m-sX-bmWv. kmº-Øn-I-ambpw imco-cn-Im-≤zm\w aptJ\bpw

Ah-ch-cpsS ]¶v Zm\w sNøp-tºmƒ Aßs\ sNøm≥ km[n-®-Xn¬

Xßƒ `mKy-hm-∑m-cmbn F∂v Ah¿ Icp-Xp∂p.

Cu k-aqlw AXns‚ kmº-ØnI Imcy-ß-fn¬ ]cn-]q¿Æ-ambpw

kzmi-b-cm-Wv. Cu BtKmf kmº-ØnI Zm\ hyhÿ Ign™

\qdv sIm√-ambn bmsXmcp If-¶-hp-an-√msX [m¿ΩnI _≤-X-tbmsS

]h¿Øn-®p-h-cp-∂p. CXmWv ]pdsa \n∂p≈ bmsXmcp kzm[o-\hpw

_m[n-°msX Hcp \q‰m≠p Imew Cu ]ÿm\w \ne-\n-∂p-h-∂-

Xns‚ hnP-b-c-l-kyw. AXv Hcp ]m¿iz ho£Ww amX-am-Wv. a‰p

ho£W tImWn¬ Cu ]ÿm-\-Ønse AwK-ß-fpsS kz`mh KpW

\ne-hmcw ho£n-°p-tºmƒ AXv kmº-ØnI XymK-tØ-°mƒ anI®p

\n¬°p-∂p. Ah¿ Xß-fpsS [m¿Ωn-I-t_m-[Ømepw kam-[m-\-]q¿∆-

amb kl-h¿Øn-Xz-Ønepw ]c-kv]-c-ap-≈ AKm[ kvt\l-Ønepw

am\p-jnI aqey-ß-tfm-Sp≈ DXv°-S-amb BZ-c-hnepw Pohn®p hcp-∂p.

\nb-a-hm-gv®-tbm-Sp-≈ BZ-c-hnepw, aX-tam, hnizmk]am-Wtam,

\ndtam t\m°m-sX A¥- m¿∂ am\p -jnI _‘-ßƒ

]pe¿Øp∂Xnepw Cu kaqlw temI-Øns‚ h¿≤n® BZ-chv t\Sn-

bn-cn-°p-∂p.

\mw ]d™p sIm≠n-cp∂ hnj-b-Øn¬ \n∂pw bmsXmcp _‘-

hp-an-√mØ as‰mcp ]mX-bn-te°v \mw Imse-Sp-Øp-sh-®pthm F∂v

hmb-\-°m-c≥ kwi-bn-t®-°mw. Aßs\ hnNm-cn-°p∂ hmb-\-°m-

c≥ Hcp Imcyw ImWmsX t]mhp∂p F∂v _lp-am-\-]p-c- cw Nq≠n-

°m-´s´ . ^ew sIm≠v hr£sØ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂p.1 F∂ tbip-

hns‚ AKm-[-amb Dƒ°m-gvN-tbm-sS-bp≈ hN-\-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm\-

Øn¬ Cu N¿®bpsS ]k‡n IqSp-X¬ t_m≤y-am-Ip-sa∂v Icp-

Xp∂p.


Bsc-¶nepw C°m-eØv lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZn (A)s‚

hmZ-Øns‚ hnizm-kyX Af-°m≥ Kuc-h-X-c-am-b- Xmev]cyw ImWn-

°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXv Ah¿°v G‰hpw \√Xpw hniz-k-\o-b-hp-amb

am\-Z-WvU-am-Wv. Af-hp-tIm-ens‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ tbip InkvXp-

hnt‚ amX-a√, Ckvemw aX-Øns‚ ÿm]-IcptSbpw ]h-N\

]Imcw BK-X-cmb hmKvZØ akolv At±lw Xs∂-bmtWm F∂v

hn[n-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. GXv hn[-Øn-ep≈ A\p-bm-bn-I-tf-bmWv

At±lw D¬]m-Zn-∏n-®-sX∂pw Hcp \q‰m≠p Ime-b-fhv F¥mWv Ah-

tcmSv sNø-s∏-´-sX-∂p-ap-≈ Imcyw Is≠-Øp-tºmƒ AXv hfsc

klm-b-I-c-am-bn-cn°pw. InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ BZy \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬

tbip-hns‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°v e`n® AtX s]cp-am-‰-amtWm Ch-

tcmSpw A\p-h¿Øn°s∏-´Xv F∂ tNmZy-ap-b¿∂p-h-cp-∂-Xm-Wv.

ho≠pw tNmZy-ap-bcmw. AXm-bXv tbip-hn-t\bpw At±-l-Øns‚

kaq-l-tØbpw \in-∏n-°p-hm\pw \njv°m-k\w sNøm\pw iaw \S-

∂-t∏mƒ ssZh-Øns‚ s]cp-am-‰-sa-¥m-bn-cp∂p? a¿±-I¿°v A\p-Iq-

e-am-bmtWm AX√ th´-bm-S-s∏´psIm-≠n-cp∂ B kaq-l-Øn-∂\p-

Iq-e-am-bmtWm ssZhw s]cp-am-dn-bXv? BZna InkvXym\n-I-sf-

t∏mse an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv (A) s‚ A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ°pw F√m

]Xn-k‘n L´-ß-fnepw ssZh-Øns‚ ]n¥pW e`n-®n-ń-√m-bn-cp-

∂pthm? Ah¿ Ft∏m-sg-¶nepw ITn-\-amb ]oU\-ßƒ°v hnt[-b-

am-Ip-I-bm-sW-¶n¬, Xp≠w Xp≠-ambn [qfn-°-s∏-´p t]mIp-∂-Xn\p

]Icw Ah¿ as‰m-cn-SØv AXn-t\-°mƒ IqSp-X-embn s]cp-Ip-I-bm-

Wp-≠m-b-Xv, Ah¿ IqSp-X¬ i‡n-im-en-I-fmbn IqSp-X¬ _lp-am-

\n-X-cm-bn. AØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp hmZn-bpsS hmZ-ßƒ \n m-c-ambn

X≈p-hm≥ km[y-a-√. AXv Hcp `m¥s‚ Ko¿hmW P¬]-\-ß-f-√.

Hcp Znhm-kz-]v\-°m-cs‚ hn`-am-fl-I-amb Akw-_‘ `mh-\-bp-a-√.

InkvXp-a-X-Øn\v AXns‚ BZy \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ ssIh-cn-°m≥ Ign-

bm-Ø-bX hn]p-e-amb Hcp NI-hm-f-Øn¬ Hcp bmYm¿∞y-ambn

Øo¿∂ AlvaZn-ø-Øns\ Kuc-h-]q¿∆w ImtW-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

akolv Ncn-X-Ønse Hcp bmYm¿∞y-am-bn-cp-∂p. At±lw sI´p-

I-Y-IfpsS D¬]-∂-a√. BZy-X-hW ssZh t]jn-X-\mb Hcp

Znhy\mbI-\mbn h∂Xpt]mse At±-l-Øns‚ c≠mw hchpw Hcp

bmYm¿∞y-am-bn-cp-∂p. Imcy-ß-sf√mw C°m-esØ P\-ßƒ°v hnń-

cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿°v GXv thW-sa-¶nepw Xnc-s™-Sp-°mw. AhcpsS

aX-ß-fp-tSbpw , hnizm-k-ß-fp-tSbpw ]cn-jv°-c-W-Øn\p th≠n

1. hr£w \s∂-¶n¬ êw \∂m-bn-cn-°pw. hr£w NoØ-sb-¶n¬ êw NoØ-bm-

bn-cn-°pw. hr£sØ Adn-bp-∂Xv êw sIm≠m-W-t√m. (aØm: 1:12:33)

InkvXp-aXw C∂v


hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏´ ]cn-jv°¿Øm-hns\∏‰n CXn-lmk--ß-fp-tSbpw

sI´p-I-Y-I-fp-tSbpw temIØv Pohn-®p-sIm≠v Ah-cpsS A\-¥-amb

ImØn-cn∏v XpS-cmw. As√-¶n¬ Cu Pohn-X-Øns‚ XojvW-amb

bmYm¿∞y-ßƒ kzo-I-cn-°mw. Hcp Imcyw \mw kΩ-Xn-t°-≠-Xp-

≠v. AXm-bXv [mcmfw aX-t\-Xm-°-∑m¿ km[m-cW a\p-jy-cpsS

ÿm\Øv \n∂pw tZh-∑m-cpsS ]Z-hn-bnte°v Db¿Ø-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.

[mcmfw kµ¿`-ß-fnembn aX-]p-cp-j-∑m¿ BIm-i-tØ°v Db¿∂p-

t]m-bn-´p-s≠∂pw hm\-tem-IØv GsX-¶n-ep-samcp \nKqV ÿeØv

`qan-bn-te-°p≈ c≠mw kµ¿i-\-Øn-\p-th≠n ImØp \n¬°p-I-bm-

sW∂v k¶-ev]n-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. AØcw hnizm-kßfn¬

H∂v ssIs°m-≈p-Ibpw a‰pf-fXns\ Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-

Xn\v bp‡n-]-c-amb Imc-W-ß-fn-√. AsX√mw tIhew Ah-Im-i-

hm-Z-ßƒ amX-am-Wv. imkvXo-btam bp‡n-k-ltam Bb bmsXmcp

sXfnhpw AXns‚ kXy-X sXfn-bn-°m≥ Ah¿°v ka¿∏n-°m-\n-√.

H∂p-In¬ BIm-i-tcm-lW IY-I-sf√mw hniz-kn-°-Ww. A√m-Ø-

]£w Ah-sbm-∂-S-¶w \ntj-[n-°-Ww. A√msX as‰mcp hgn-bn-√.

CXm-bn-cn-°Ww G‰hpw kXy-k-‘hpw \oXn-]q¿∆-Ihp-amb Xocp-

am\w. F¥m-bn-cp-∂mepw Hcp Imcyw hfsc Xo¿®-bm-Wv. Cu `qap-

JØv \n∂pw Hcmƒ acn®v th¿s∏-´m¬, Abmsf∏‰n A\p-bm-bn-Iƒ

Icp-Xp-∂-Xv F¥pXs∂-bm-Is´, AØcw Bfp-Iƒ Hcn-°epw `qan-

bn¬ Xncn®p h∂-Xmbn am\h Ncn-X-Øn¬ ImWm≥ km[y-a-√.

as‰mcp Imcyw IqSn hfsc hy‡-am-Wv. tZh ]Z-hn-b-te-°p-b¿Ø-

s∏´-h-cpw, ssZh-Øns‚ ]¶m-fn-bm°n am‰s∏-´-hcp-amb F√m Znhy-

∑mcpw Bflob ]pcp-j-∑mcpw Ah-cpsS PohnXw km[m-c-W-°m-cmb

a\p-jy-sc-t]mse Xs∂-bmWv Bcw-`n-®Xv. acWw hsc Ah¿ km[m-

c-W-°m-cmbn Pohn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Ah-cpsS A\p-bm-bn-I-fmWv

]n∂oSv Ahsc ssZh-ß-fm°n am‰n-b-Xv. ]t£ Hm¿°p-I, Ahcmcpw

Xs∂ ]Ir-Xn-bpsS \S-Øn∏n¬ Xß-fpsS ]¶v F¥m-sW∂v ]I-Sn-

∏n-®n-´n-√. ]IrXn \nb-a-ß-fpsS \S-Øn-∏n∂p ]n∂n¬ Hcp Icw

amXta Ft∏mgpw \ap°v ImWm≥ Ign-bp-∂p-≈q. ]IrXn \nb-a-

ßfpsS F√m Xeßfnepw BImi Z¿∏-WØnepw Hcp ssZh-Øns‚

apJw amXta ]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p∂p≈q. GI-\mb Htc-sbmcp ssZh-

Øns‚ apJw amXw. hnip≤ Jp¿-B≥ ]d-bp∂p:

InkvXp-aXw C∂v


""]ca Imcp-Wn-I≥ Hcp ]pXs\ kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p∂p F∂v Ah¿

]d-bp-∂p. Xo¿®-bmbpw \nßƒ Hcp `b-¶c \njn≤ IrXyw sNbvXn-

cn-°p-∂p. AXn-\m¬ BIm-i-ßƒ s]m´n-°-odpI-bpw `qan ]nf¿∂p

t]mhp-Ibpw ]¿∆-X-ßƒ XI¿∂p hogp-Ibpw sNbvtX-°mw, ]c-a-

Im-cp-Wn-I\v Hcp ]pX-\ps≠∂v Ah¿ hmZn® Imc-W-Øm¬. Hcp

]pXs\ kzoI-cn-°p-I-sb-∂Xv ]c-a-Im-cp-Wn-I\v H´pw `qj-W-a√''

(19-:89-˛93)

D]-kw-lmcw

\ΩpsS CXp-h-sc-bp≈ At\z-j-W-tØmSv \mw aXn-bmb coXn-

bn¬ \oXn ]pe¿Øn F∂p hniz-kn-°p-∂p. hnjbw ChnsS sh®v

\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\v apºmbn InkvXob temI-tØmSv AXy¥w lrZ-

bkv]r°mbn Rßƒ°v A`y¿∞n-°m-\p-≈-Xv, \nß-fpsS hnizm-k-

ßƒ Xo¿Ø Z¥-tKm-]p-c-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Pohn-XØns‚ Xn‡

bmYm¿∞y-ß-fn-te°v Cd-ßn-h-c-W-sa-∂m-Wv.

tbip InkvXp At±-l-Øns‚ Ime-L-´-Ønse ]cn-]q¿W a\p-

jy-\m-Wv. a\p-jy-\n¬ Ihn™v At±lw Bcp-a-√. akolv F∂v

A`n-[m-\-ap≈ ssZh-Øns‚ hnin-jvS-\mb Hcp ]hm-N-I≥ F∂

ÿm\Øv At±lw FØn-t®¿∂p. tamk-kns‚ Imew apX¬ At±-

l-Øns‚ BK-a\w hsc-bp-≈ ]hm-NI ]c-º-c-I-fn¬ Cu ÿm\w

At±-lsØ AXp-ey-\m°n.

F√m ]hm-N-I-∑mcpw Xo¿®-bmbpw ]bm-k-I-c-amb ZuXy-amWv

\n¿∆-ln-®-Xv. Xn∑-bn¬ apgp-Inb P\-k-aq-l-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ Ah¿

]cn-jv°-c-W-ßƒ sIm≠ph∂p. tbip-hns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ Cu ZuXyw

hfsc ]bm-k-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. ImcWw At±lw kaq-l-Øns‚

s]mXp-hmb Xn∑-Iƒs°-Xn-cmbn amX-a√ t]mcm-Sn-bXv. At±-l-Øn\v

blq-Z-∑m-cpsS s]cp-am-‰-Øn¬ \mS-Io-bhpw hnπ-h-I-chp-amb Hcp ]cn-

h¿Ø\w sIm≠p-h-tc-≠-Xp-≠m-bncp-∂p.

F√m aXm-\p-bm-bn-Ifpw Ime-L-´-ßƒ Ign-bp-tºmƒ kXy-]m-

X-bn¬ \n∂pw ItaW hyXn-N-en-°p-Ibpw Xn∑-bpsS Dujc `qan-

bn¬ Ae-bp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. CXp Xs∂bmWv PqX kaq-l-Ønepw

kw`-hn-®Xv. tbip-hns‚ B-K-a\ ImeØv Ah¿ bYm¿∞-Øn¬

Bflo-b-ambn arXn-b-S-™n-cp-∂p. Znhy Pohn-X-Øns‚ Poh-Pew h‰n-

h-c-≠p. arX-s∏-´p. I√n\v kam-\-amb lrZbw _m°n-bm-bn. Ahsc

Poh-\p≈hcm°n am‰p-hm\pw Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ßsf kv]µn-∏n-°p-

hm\pw a\p-jy-Im-cp-Wy-Øns‚ \ocp-dh \n¿K-an-∏n-°m-\pap-≈ Znhy

ZuXyw tbip InkvXp-hn¬ A¿∏n-X-ambn. CXm-bn-cp∂p tbip Inkv

InkvXp-aXw C∂v


InkvXp-aXw C∂v

Xp sNbvX A¤pX IrXyw. AXn-em-bn-cp∂p At±-lØns‚ alXzw.

Ct∏mƒ apkvenw temIhpw ssIkvXh temIhpw Hcp-t]mse

InkvXp-hns‚ hchpw ]Xo-£n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. hcm-\n-cn-°p∂

tbiphn\v kz`m-h-Ønepw ZuXy-\n¿∆-l-W-Ønepw amX-amWv kmay-

X-bp-≈-sX∂ Imcyw Ah¿ Xo¿®-bmbpw ad-°-cp-Xv. GXp hn[-Øn-

em-bmepw Ckvemw aX-ÿm-]-I-\mb aplΩZv \_n (k) bpsS ]h-

N-\-ß-fpsS ASn-ÿm-\-Øn¬ Cu c≠mw hchv apkvenw temI-ØmWv

kw`-hn-°pI. InkvXym-\n-Iƒ°n-S-bn-e-√. F¶nepw At±lw sIm≠p-

h-tc-≠n-bn-cp∂ A¤p-X-ß-sf√mw H∂p-X-s∂-bm-bn-cn-°p-Ibpw thWw.

]t£, Cu c≠mw hc-hn¬ Ah-km-\--Im-esØ apkvenwIfpsS lrZ-

b-ambncp∂p At±-l-Øn\v am‰n-sb-Sp-t°-≠-Xv. At±-l-Øn-s‚ c≠mw

hc-hns\∏‰n-bp≈ Cu ]mT-ßƒ Xncp-\_n (k) bpsS a‰p ]h-N-\-

ßƒ ]q¿Æ-ambpw ]n¥p-W-°p∂p. apkvenwI-fpsS Ah-km\ Ime-

Øp≈ Ahÿ blq-Zn-I-fpsS Po¿W-Im-e-Øp≈ Ah-ÿ°v Xpey-

am-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Xncp-\_n (k) Zo¿L-Z¿i\w sNbv-Xn-´p-≠v. Fß-

s\sb-∂m¬ Hcp tPmSn ]mZp-I-ßƒ ]c-kv]cw Xpey-am-bn-cn-°p∂

coXn-bn¬ Ah¿ XΩn¬ kmayXbp≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂mWv ]h-N-\w.

tcmKw Xpey-am-b-Xn-\m¬ NnIn-’bpw AXp-t]mse Xpey-am-bn-

cn-°-Ww. akolv AtX Ffn-a-bn¬ temIØv ho≠pw Ah-X-cn-°p-

I-bp-≠m-bn. AtX hy‡n-bm-bn-s°m-≠-√. adn®v ssNX-\y-Ønepw

kz`m-h-Ønepw kZr-iy-\m-bn-s°m-≠mWv. AØcw Bflob hnπ-

h-Im-cn-Iƒ Atß-b‰w Ffn-a-Xz-Ønepw Ah-K-Wn-Xm-h-ÿ-bnepw P∑w

sIm≈p-Ibpw Xmgva-tbm-Sp-Iq-Snb PohnXw \bn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

A≤ym-flnIamb Ah-cpsS ]p\-c-h-X-cWw BZy-tØXv t]mse AtX

Ah-ÿ-bn-em-bn-cn°pw. AXpt]mse Ah-tcmSp AtX \njvTq-c-X-

tbmSpw ap≥hn-[n-tbmSpw `m¥-amb hntZz-j-tØmSpw s]cp-am-d-s∏-Sp-

Ibpw sNøp-∂p. hn≠pw hcp-sa∂v hmKvZm\w sNø-s∏-´h¿ F∂

\ne°v Cu bYm¿∞ ]Xn-\n-[n-I-sfbpw temIw Ffp-∏-Øn¬ Xncn-

®-dn-bp-∂n-√.

InkvXp-hns‚ Ah-X-cW ImeØv blq-Zn-I-fpsS Ic-ß-fm¬

At±-l-Øn\v Fs¥√mw kln-t°-≠n-h-∂pthm AsX√mw c≠m-a-

sØ ako-lns‚ hc-hnepw Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-´p. ]t£, CØ-hW

At±-lsØ ]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂ apkvenwI-fpsSbpw InkvXym-\n-I-fp-

sSbpw ssIIƒ sIm≠mWv At±lw ]oUn-∏n-°-s∏-´-Xv. CØ-hW

BK-X-\mbt∏m hnI-ehpw Ab-Ym¿∞-hp-amb AtX ]Xo£-I-fm-

bn-cp∂p At±lw Ab-°-s∏´ P\-X-bpw sh®p ]pe¿Øn-bn-cp-∂Xv.

AtX km¶-ev]nI e£y-ßƒ At±lw t\Sp-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p Ah¿


Icp-Xn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. AtX coXn-bn-ep≈ ZuXy \n¿∆-lWhpw t\ -ßfpw

`qan-bn¬ ssIh-cn-°-W-sa∂v c≠mw hchv ImeØv blq-Zn-Isf

t∏mse apkvenwIfpw ]Xo£ sh®p ]pe¿Øn. Cu coXn-bn¬

NcnXw ]p\-cm-h¿Øn-°-s∏-Sp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

Cu NcnXw Ah-tem-I\w sNøp-tºm-ƒ blq-Zn-Iƒ°v Ah-cpsS

ako-lns\ Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-Xn¬ h∂p- `-hn® ]ng-hp-Iƒ Ffp-∏-Øn¬

Kln-°m\pw B Zpc-¥-Øn¬ \n∂pw ]mT-ßƒ Dƒs°m-≈m\pw \ap°v

km[n-°p-∂p. hnip≤ ]pkvXIØnse ]Xn-]m-Z-\-ßƒ A£-cm¿∞-

Øn¬ ]pe-c-W-sa∂ imTy-amWv Ahsc hgn-]n-g-∏n-®-Xv. CsX√mw

\mw N¿® sNbvXp-I-gn-™p. Cu kp]-[m\ Imcyw Du∂n-∏-dbm≥

\mw ho≠pw AXv kqNn-∏n-°p-I-bm-Wv. P\-ßƒ ]Xo-£n-°p∂

aX-]p-cp-j-∑m-cpsS ImeØv Ft∏mgpw kw`-hn-®n-´p-≈Xv AXmWv.

Ahsc Xncn-®-dn-tb-≠p∂ AS-bm-f-ßsf sX‰mbn ]mcm-bWw sNøp-

Ibpw sX‰n-≤-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂Xv sIm≠mWv CXv kw`-hn-°p-∂-

Xv. bmYm¿∞y-ßsf AXv anYy-bm°n am‰p-∂p. Ae-¶m-tcm-‡n-Isf

A£-cm¿∞Øn¬ FSp-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

ako-lns‚ c≠mw hchv lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv JmZn-

bm\n (A) bn¬ ]q¿Øn-bmb-t∏mƒ Gsd-°psd tbip-hns‚ ImeØv

Ac-tß-dnb AtX NcnXw Xs∂-bm-Wv Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-´Xv. blq-Zn-

Iƒ ImØn-cp∂ Genbm ]hm-N-I≥ BIm-iØv \n∂pw Cd-ßn-h-

cp-sa∂v InkvXp-hns‚ Ime-sØ blq-Zn-Iƒ ]Xo£m]q¿∆w ImØn-

cp∂p. AXp-t]mse akolv kzbw BIm-i-Øp-\n∂pw Cd-ßn-h-cp-

sa∂v C°q-´cpw ImØn-cn-°p-∂p.

blq-Zsc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw akolv ]q¿Æ alXzw sIm≠p

hcp-sa∂v Ah¿ ]Xo-£n®ncp-∂p. A∂sØ Ah-cpsS tdma≥ ta[m-

hn-Iƒ°v aosX akolv Ahsc A[n-]-cm-°p-sa∂v Ah¿ Icp-Xn.

Cu ]Xo-£-I-sf√mw \k-td-Øp-Im-c-\mb tbip XI¿sØ-dn-™p.

HSp-hn¬ At±lw ]Xy-£-\mbt∏mƒ \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn blqZ P\X

s\©n-te‰n \S-°p-Ibpw ]Xo£m ]q¿∆w BÀm-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX

ako-lns\°pdn-®p≈ k¶¬∏-ßƒ bmYm-¿∞y-hp-ambn bmsXmcp

_‘hpw C√m-Ø-Xmbn Iem-in-®p.

tbip-InkvXphns‚ BK-a-\hpw an¿km Kpemw AlvaZv JmZn-

bm-\n-bpsS BK-a-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ kwK-Xn-I-fn¬ A\n-tj-[y-amb

kmay-X-bm-Wp≈Xv. Ccp-h-cp-tSbpw iXp-°-fpsS kao-]\w Hcp

t]mse-bm-bn-cp-∂p, t]cp-am-Xta hyXy-kvX-am-bn-´p-≈q. apkvenwI-fp-

sSbpw InkvXym-\n-I-fp-sSbpw aqJy-[mcm kaqlw tbip-hns‚

ImesØ blq-Zn-I-fpsSXn\p Xpey-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah-cpsS FXn¿∏p-

Iƒ°v kmay-X-bp-≠v. Ah-cpsS \ntj[ \ymb-ßƒ°pw kmay-X-

InkvXp-aXw C∂v


bp-≠v. F¶nepw Cu Ffnbh\mb a\p-jy\v ssZhw tbip-hn\v \¬In-

b-Xn-t\-°mƒ al-Ømb ZrjvSm-¥-ßƒ \¬In klm-bn-°p-Ibpw

At±-l-Øns‚ ktµiw F√m qJ-WvU-ß-fnepw ZpX-K-Xn-bn¬ hym]n-

°p-Ibpw F√m tZi-ß-fnepw ]N-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. hkvXp-X-I-

sf√mw kzbw kwkm-cn-°p-∂-XmWv. ]t£ CsX√mw Nn¥n-°p-∂-

h¿°v amXta Kln-°m≥ km[n-°q. Imew Ign-bpw-t¥mdpw Cu

hkvXp-X-Iƒ IqSp-X¬ IqSp-X¬ hy‡-ambn hcp-∂p. ]t£, _p≤n-

]q¿∆w \nco-£n-°p∂h¿t° Imcy-ßƒ a\- n-em-hp-I-bp-≈q. AXn-

ep-]-cn-bmbn ka-Im-eo\ temIsØ apkvenwI-fp-tSbpw InkvXym-\n-

I-fp-tSbpw blqZ kam-\-amb CØcw kao-]-\-Øns‚ ]cn-t]-£y-

Øn¬ Ah¿°p≈ akoln ktµ-i-Ønepw am‰-an√. ]t£ IÆp-

I-ƒ AXn\pt\sc AS-®n-Sm-Ø-h¿ amX-amWv Imcy-ßƒ Kln-°pI.

\ap°v Ah-km-\n-∏n-°mw, \q‰m-≠p-I-fmbn ako-lns‚ c≠mw

hchv ImØn-cn-°p∂ InkvXym-\n-Ifpw apkvenwI-fp-ambhsc

DW¿Øn-s°m≠v ssZh \nbp-‡-\mb akolv lZvdØv an¿km Kpemw

AlvaZv JmZn-bm\n (A) ]d™ ]h-N-\m-fl-I-amb Hcp ]Jym-]\w

tIƒ°p-I.

""hmKvZØ ako-lns‚ BIm-iØp \n∂p≈ Cd°w shdpw

Hcp hymtamlw amX-am-Wv. BIm-iØv \n∂pw Bcpw Xs∂

Cdßn hcp-∂-X-s√∂p \√-hÆw [cn®p sImƒhn≥. C∂p Pohn-

®n-cn-°p∂ Fs‚ F√m FXn-cm-fn-Ifpw acn-s®m-Spßpw. F∂m-e-

h¿°p BIm-iØv \n∂v adn-b-ans‚ aI≥ tbip (C-_v\p-a-dn-

bw) Cdßn hcp-∂-Xmbn ImWm≥ km[n-°p-∂-X-√. AXn-\p-

tijw Ah-cpsS k¥m-\-ß-fpw a¿b-ans‚ ]pX≥ Cukm Cd-ßp-

∂-Xmbn ImWmsX ac-W-a-S-bp-Ibpw ]ns∂ B k-¥-Xn-I-fpsS

k¥m-\-ßfpw Cukm-\-_nsb ImWmsX \ncm-i-cmbn ac-W-a-S-

bp-∂-XmWv. At∏mƒ A√mlp Ah-cpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ `bhpw

]cn-`-ahpw Cd°pw. ImcWw A∂p Ipcn-ins‚ ta[m-hnXzImew

I-gn-™p-t]m-Ip-Ibpw temIw Hcp \ho\ L´-Øn¬ ]th-in-°p-

I-bpw sNbvXn-´p-≠m-bn-cn-°pw. F∂mepw adn-b-ans‚ ]pX≥

Cukm AXp-h-scbpw Cd-ßn-h-∂n-cn-°p-I-bn-√. XZ-h-k-c-Øn¬

Nn¥m-ioe¿ CØcw hnizmksØ ]mtS shdpØp XpSßpw.

Aßs\ C∂p apX¬ aq∂p \q‰m-≠p- ]q¿Æ-am-hp-∂-Xn\p apºmbn

Cukmsb ImØn-cn-°p∂-h¿ apkvenwI-fm-hs´, InkvXym-\n-I-

fm-hs´ F√m-hcpw At±-l-Øns‚ hc-hn-s\-°p-dn®v \ncm-i-s∏-Sp-

Ibpw a\w aSpØv Cu hnizm-kw ]cn-Xy-Pn-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.'' (X-

ZvIn-d-Øp-»-l-mZ-ssØ≥ t]Pv: 67) *

InkvXp-aXw C∂v


Hcp ]pXnb Xe-apd P\n-°p-∂Xv hsc \nßfpw Cu ImØn-cn∏v

XpS-cp-am-bn-cn-°mw. B Xe-ap-dbpw Ah-cpsS Ah[n Ign-™m¬

\njvI-an-°p-Ibpw as‰mcp Xeapd cwK]th-iw sNøp-Ibpw sNøpw.

Cu ImØn-cn∏pw Ah-km-\-Imew hsc XpS-cpw. ]t£ tbip ki-

cocw BIm-iØv \n∂pw Cdßn hcp-∂Xv B¿°pw ImWm≥ km[y-

a-√. tbip-hn-t\mSv c≠m-aXpw `qan-bn¬ hc-W-sa∂v FX sI©n

bmNn-®mepw Ah-cpsS kz]v\-ßƒ Hcn-°epw ]qh-Wn-bn-√. blq-Z

∑m¿ aqhm-bncw h¿j-ßƒ°v apºv ]WnX hne-]n-°p∂ `nØnsb

t∏mse HscÆw ]Wn-Xv B `nØn-bn¬ Ah¿ Xebn´-Sn-®mepw B

kz]v\-ßƒ°v km£m¬°mcap≠m-hn-√. blq-Zn-I-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬

kw`-hn-®-sX√mw ho≠pw kw`-hn-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. hnem-]-ßfpw kzbw

]oUIfpw \S-Øn-bmepw icn akolv Cd-ßn-h-cp-∂Xv Ah¿ ImWn√.

Xe-ap-d-Iƒ°v tijw Xe-ap-d-Iƒ ImØn-cp-∂mepw icn. Hcn-°epw

Ah-km-\n-°mØ \nXm¥ \ncm-ibpw iq\y-X-bp-a-√msX tbiphns\-

°p-dn-®p≈ `mhn ]Xo-£-Iƒ Ah¿s°m∂pw Xs∂ kΩm-\n-°n-√.

\n›-b-ambpw AXv XnI®pw iq\y-amb Hcp Z¿i-\-am-Ip-∂p.

Xncp-\-_n-bpsS Ah-Xm-ctcmt±iysØ-°p-dn®v ]d-bp∂ hnip≤

Jp¿-B≥ tbip ssZh-Øns‚ bYm¿∞-Øn-ep≈ PUnI ]pX-\m-

sW∂v Icp-Xp∂ InkvXym-\n-I-tfmSv Xm°o-Xmbn ]d™ Hcp hN\w

D≤-cn-®p-sIm≠v Cu N¿® ChnsS Ah-km-\n-∏n-°mw.

""A√mlp X\n-°mbn Hcp ]pXs\ kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂p-sh∂p

]d-bp-∂-h¿°v ap∂-dn-bn∏v \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bmWv (Cu KŸw

Cd-°n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv). Ah¿t°m Ah-cpsS ]nXm-°ƒt°m AXv

kw_-‘n®v bmsXm-c-dn-hp-an-√. Ah-cpsS hmbvI-fn¬ \n∂pw ]pd-

s∏-Sp∂ hm°v Kpcp-X-c-am-bXm-Wv. I≈-a-√msX Ah¿ ]d-bp-∂n-

√'. (18:5-,6).

* dqlm\n Jkm-bo≥ (hmfyw 20)

A\p-_‘w I

"a¿lsa Cuk' F∂ Huj-[-sØ-]‰n ]Xn-]m-Zn® ]pkvX-I-ß-

fn¬ Nne-Xns‚ t]cp-I-fmWv Xmsg sImSp-Øn-´p-≈-Xv. tbip-hns‚ ico-c-

Ønse £X-Øn\v NnIn-’n-°m≥ Xøm¿ sNbvX acp-∂mWv a¿lsa

Cukm. Bbn-c-Øn-e-[nIw KŸ-ß-fn¬ Cu Huj-[sØ ]‰n ]Xn-]m-Z-

\-ap-≠v.

Jm\q≥ ˛ tiJq¿ dbokv _p Aen ko\m, hmeyw 3, `mKw 133

id-lvJm-\q≥ ˛ A√mam IpXv_p-±o≥ iodm-kn, hmeyw 3.

Iman-ep- -\mAx ˛ Aen-_n≥ A¬ A∫mkv A¬ aPq-kn, hmeyw 3,

`mKw 602.

InXm_v aPvap-Asb _Jmbn ˛ alvaqZv apl-ΩZv Ckvambn¬, apJm-

Øn_v Akv Jm°m≥Jn-Xm_v ]nZ¿ apl-ΩZv _Jm Jm≥, hmeyw 2,

`mKw 497.

InXm_v XZv°n-dsb Den¬ A¬_m_v tiJvZm-hp-±¬co¿ A¬ A¥m-

°o, `mKw 303.

Jdm-_m-Zos\ dqan ˛ tbip-hn-∂p-tijw sXm´-SpØ ImeØv cNn-°-s∏-

´Xpw amap-≥A¿d-io-Zns‚ `c-W-Im-eØv Ad-_n-bn¬ hnh¿Ø\w sNø-

s∏-´Xp-am-Wn-Xv. N¿Ω-tcm-K-ßƒ F∂ `mKw t\m°p-I.

DwZ-Øp¬ aplvXmPv ˛ AlvaZv _n≥ lk≥ A¿dm-knZn A¬l-Iow.

\qtdm-fw, Hcp-]t£ \qdn-e-[nIw Xs∂ ]pkvX-I-ß-fn¬ \n∂ "'a¿lsa

Ckm''bpw a‰p Iq´p-a-cp-∂p-I-fpw kw_-‘n® hnh-c-W-ßƒ Cu KŸ-

Øn¬ tN¿Øn-´p-≠v. Cu ]pkvX-I-ß-sf√mw ^©v `mj-bn-ep-≈-Xp-am-

Wv.

Jdm-_m-Zo≥ ˛ (t]¿ky≥) lIow apl-ΩZv AIv_¿ Ad-km-\o˛ N¿Ω-

tcm-K-ßƒ.

in^m D¬ AkvJmw ˛ hmeyw 2, `mKw 230.

an¿-A-Øp-»n^m ˛ l°ow \mtYmjm (ssI-sø-gpØp tcJ), ˛ N¿Ω-

tcm-K-ßƒ

kJo-dsb Jzm¿kw imln ˛ N¿Ω-tcm-K-ßƒ

idMv Jm\q≥ Poem\n ˛ hmeyw 3

idlv Jm\q≥ J¿io ˛ hmeyw 3

Jdm-_m-Zo≥ ˛ D¬ho-Jm≥; N¿Ω-tcm-K-ßƒ


Cem-Pp¬ Awdmkv ˛ l°ow apl-ΩZv ico-^vJm≥ kmln-_v, `mKw 893.

Jdm-_m-Zo≥, (bq-\m-\n) ˛ N¿Ω-tcm-K-ßƒ

Xplv^-Øp¬ apAvan\o≥ aJvk-\p¬ AZ-hn-b-bpsS am¿Pn-\n¬, mKw

713.

aploXv ^o Xn∫v ˛ `mKw 367

CIvkosd AAvkw ˛ hmeyw 4, l°ow apl-ΩZv AAvkwJm≥ kmln-

_v, A¬ap-Jm-Ø_v _\m-knsa Plm≥, `mKw331

Jdm-_m-Zo≥ aAvkqan aAvkpw _n≥ Ico-ap-±o≥ A¬ipkvXn iodmkn.

DPm-esb \m^nb ˛ apl-ΩZv ico^v Zlvehn, `mKw 410.

Xns∫ in_o (e-hm-an-Av in_vcnb F∂pw t]cp-≠v) kønZv lpssk≥

in_v¿ Imkn-an, `mKw 471)

aJvks\ kpsse-am\n (C-Ivko¿ Ad_n F∂ KŸ-Øns‚ hnh¿Ø-

\w) ˛ apl-ΩZv iwkp-±o≥ kmln_v `mh¬]p-cn, `mKw 599.

in^m-D¬ Awdmkv ˛ auem\m A¬ l°ow apl-ΩZv \q¿ Icow,

`mKw 282.

InXm_v AØn∫v Zmdm-i-t°mln \qdp-±o≥ apl-ΩZv A_vZp¬ l°ow

sF\p¬ap¬°v A»o-dm- n, `mKw 360.

an≥lm-Pp-±p-Im≥ _ ZkvXq-dp¬-A-Avbm≥ ^o AAvam¬ hnX¿°o-

_n-∂m-^nAx en¬ A_vZm≥ ˛ A^vem-Øqs\ kam-\-hn-d-bosk

Ahm\m A_p¬an\m C_v\p A_o-\-kvdn¬-AXm A¬ Ckvdm-boen

A¬lm-dq\o (Pq-X≥) `mKw 86.

kp_-ZvØp-Øn∫v køn-Zp¬ Camw A_q C_vdmlow Ckvam-bn¬ _n≥

lk-\p¬lp-ssk\n A¬ P¿Pm\o `mKw182.

Xns∫ AIv_¿ ˛ apl-ΩZv AIv_¿ A¿km-\o, `mKw 242.

aokm-\p-Øn∫v ˛ apl-ΩZv AIv_¿ A¿km-\o, `mKw 152.

kZoZn dbo-kp¬ap-X-I-√n-ao≥ Cam-ap¬ apl-Jv°n-Jo≥ A -Zo-Zp¬ ImZvdq-

\n, hmeyw 2, `mKw 283.

lmho ˛ I_o¿ C_v\p kI-cnø ˛ N¿Ω-tcm-K-ßƒ

Jdm-_m-Zn≥ ˛ C_v\p X¬aoZv ˛ N¿Ω-tcm-K-ßƒ

Jdm-_m-Zn≥ ˛ C_v\p A_o-km-ZoJv ˛ N¿Ω-tcm-K-ßƒ

hmKvZØ akolv lZvdØv AlvaZv (A)s‚ "akolv lnµp-ÿm≥ sa'

F∂ KŸ-Øn¬ \ns∂-Sp-Ø-XmWv ]kvXpX enÃv. (t]. 56, 27)

A\p-_‘w II

]m¿Y-t\m-sP-\-knkv (Parthenogenesis)

Assew-KnI ]Xyp¬]m-Z\w (Parthenogenesis): AXm-

bXv Hcp Pohn-bn¬ ]pcp-j-_o-P-hp-ambn (Spermatozoon) _oP-

k-¶-e\w \S-°msX Xs∂ Afiw (Ovum) hnI-kn®v ]pXnb

Pohn-bp-≠mI¬.

]m¿∞-t\m-sP-\nknkv ]mWn-tem-IØpw a’y-ßƒ°n-S-

bnepw B]nUv (Aphid ap™: slan-]vsd‰ hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏´ Hcp-

Xcw \mi-Im-cn-bmb jUv]-Zw)Iƒ°n-S-bnepw km[m-c-W-bm-Wv.

Nne-Xcw Dc-K-ß-fn¬ AXm-bXv Ipd-™ tXmXnepw A]-Xo-£n-

X-hp-ambn ag e`n-°p∂ ]tZ-i-ß-fn¬ Pohn-°p∂ ]√n-I-ƒ°v

]m¿Y-t\m-sP-\knkv hnP-b-I-c-amb Hcp AXn-Po-h\ X¥-am-Wv.1

1955-˛se em≥sk-‰n¬ Hcp kvXo°v P\n® s]ïnip ]m¿Yt\m

sP\‰nIv As√∂v sXfn-bn-°m≥ km[y-am-bn-ń-s√∂v dnt∏m¿´p

sNø-s∏-ń-´p-≠v. ]co-£-Wm-fl-I-ambn kkvX-\n-I-fnepw ]m¿Yt\m

sP\-knkv aptJ\ ]P-\\w \SØnbn-´p -≠v. F∂n-cp -∂mepw

kkvX-\n-I-fn¬ ]m¿Y-t\m-sP-\knkv aptJ\ k¥Xn P\n-®-Xmbn

Ak-∂n-Kv[-ambn tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-ń-√. ]c-am-h[n \S-∂Xv Fen-I-

fnepw apb-ep-I-fnepw ]m¿Yt\msP\‰nIv `qW-ßƒ hnI-kn-∏n-

s®-Sp-°m≥ Ign-™n-´p-≠v F∂-XmWv. K¿`-[m-c-W-Øns‚ ]Ip-

Xn-L´w hsc km[m-c-W-K-Xn-bn¬ ]n∂n-ń-´ps≠¶nepw ]n∂oSp

Poh≥ \jvS-s∏-Sp -Itbm K¿`-OnZw kw`-hn-°p-Itbm BWv

sNbvXXv.

a\p-jy-\n¬ ]m¿Y-t\m-sP-\kn-kns‚ kw`-hyX kw_-‘n®v

Hcp Kth-jW ]T\w CuønsS \S-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. "]m¿Y-t\m-sP-

\‰nIv ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°epw AXv kw_-‘n® hyh-

ÿm-]nX ]T-\hpw; a\p-jy-\n¬ AWvU-I-ß-fpsS (Oocyte) BZy-

Ime cq]o-I-c-Whpw 2 (The development and systematic studyof the Parthenogenetic activation and early development ofhuman Oocyte) F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Kth-jW hnj-bw. Cu ]T-\-

Øn¬ ]pcpj _oP-tØmSv kº¿°-Øn-te¿s∏-ń´pw _oP-k-¶-

e\w \S -°mØ ]pXp -Xmbn FSpØ AfiIw B¬°-

tlmfpamtbm Im¬kyw Ab-tWm-t^m-dp-amtbm kº¿°-Øn¬


hcp-Øp-Ibpw ]m¿sYt\m sP\knkv ]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ \S-°p-

∂pt≠m F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°p-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn. Cu ]co-£W ]T-\-

Øns‚ êw Im¬kyw Ab-tWm-t^m-dp -ambn kº¿°-Øn-

te¿s∏-Sp∂ a\p-jys‚ AfiIw ]m¿sY-t\m-sP-\‰n-°-embn

]h¿Ø-\-\n-c-X-am-Ip∂p F∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ]t£ Fen-I-fpsS

Afi-I-tØ-°mƒ hfsc aµ-K-Xn-bn-emWv a\p-jys‚ Afi-I-

Øn¬ ]h¿Ø\w \S-∂-Xv. a\p-jys‚ Afi-I-Øn¬ F´v XhW

amXta tImi-hn-`-P\w \S-∂p-≈q. kvXoI-fn-ep-≠m-Ip∂ Nne

K¿`[m-c-W-ß-fn¬ XpS-°-Øn¬Øs∂-bp-≠m-Ip∂ K¿`-On-Z-ßƒ,

Afi-I-ßƒ kzbw Xs∂ ]m¿Y-t\m-sP-\-‰n-°-embn ]h¿Ø-\-

\n-c-X-am-hp-Ibpw ]n∂oSv Ah OnZn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xp-aqehpam-hm-sa∂

km[yX Cu ]co-£W hnh-c-ßƒ shfn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p.

1995 HIvtSm-_¿ 7˛mw Xnø-Xn-bnse New Scientist-Â `mKn-

I-ambn a\pjy-\n¬ \S∂ Hcp ]m¿sY-t\m-sP-\knkv ]Xn-`m-

ksØ ]‰n 'The boy whose blood has no father' (c-‡-Øn¬

]nXm-hns‚ Awian-√mØ Ipń) 3 F∂ io¿j-I-Øn¬ Hcp hm¿Ø

dnt∏m¿´v sNø-s∏-ń -´p -≠v. Cu BÏp-ń -IfpsS ImcyØn¬

AhcpsS F√m tImi-ß-fnepw Y tImtam-tkm-ap-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p.

]t£, aq∂v hb- mb Cu Ipń-bpsS ImcyØn¬ ]tXyI ]T-\-

ßƒ \S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Ahs‚ tizX-c-‡m-Wp-°-fn¬ XX tImtam-

tkm-apIƒ amXw Is≠-Øn. Nne-t∏mƒ tImtam-tkmw ]c-a-

ambn kv Xobmb hy‡n ]pcp -j -Po≥ Dƒs°m≠ Hcp XtImtamtkmw hln-°m-dp≠v. CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ Hcp ]Xn-`m-k-am-

bn-cn-°m-an-sX-∂mWv Kth-j-I-∑m¿ BZyw [cn-®Xv F∂pw Cu

dnt∏m¿ń¬ ImWp-∂p. ]t£, Ah¿ AXn-kq-£va-amb DNA

kmt¶-XnI hnZy D]-tbm-Kn®v ]cn-tim-[n-®-t∏mƒ Ipń-bpsS tizX-

c-‡-tImi-ß-fn¬ Y tImtam-tkm-ap-Iƒ ImWm≥ Ah¿°v km[n-

®n√. F¶nepw Ipń-bpsS sXmen P\n-X-I-]-c-ambn c‡-Øn¬

\n∂pw hn`n-∂-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXn¬ XDw YDw tImtam-tkm-ap-Iƒ

ImW-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

Ipń-bpsS sXmen-bnepw c‡-Øn-ep-ap≈ X tImtam-tkm-

apI-sf-∏‰n IqSp-X-embn kq£va-]-T-\-ßƒ \S-Øn-b-t∏mƒ Ah

X’-a-ß-fm-sW∂v (Identical) ImWp-I-bp-≠m-bn. AsX√mw

Ahs‚ amXm-hn¬ \n∂pw e`n-®-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-t]mse c‡-

Øn-ep≈ a‰v 22 tImtam-tkm-ap-I-fnse F√m tPmSn-I-fn-tebpw

AwK-ßƒ X’-a-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Ah apgp-h\pw Xs∂ amXm-hn¬

\n∂pw h∂-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu ]Xn-`m-k-Øn\v Kth-j-I-∑m¿

A\p-_‘w II


\¬Inb hni-Zo-I-c-Ww, _oP-k-¶-e\w \S-°mØ Afiw kzbw

]Xn-]-h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw Ah hn`-Pn®v X’-a-tIm-i-ß-fmbnØocp-

Ibpw sNbvXp F∂m-Wv. AXn-\p-tijw CØ-c-Øn¬ hn`-Pn-°-

s∏´ Hcp tImiw ]nXm-hns‚ _oP-hp-ambn k¶-e-\-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp-

Ibpw Cu tImi-an-inXw km[m-cW `qW-ambn hf-cp-I-bp-am-Wp-

≠m-b-Xv.

CXv sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xv ]m¿sY-t\m-sP-\-knkv aptJ\ kkvX-

\n-I-fn¬ krjvSn-°-s∏-Sp∂ tImi-ßƒ Ft∏mgpw sshI-ey-ßfp-

≈-hbm-I-W-sa-∂n-√ F∂mWv. Cu Ip´n-bpsS Imcy-Øn¬ km[m-

c-W-amb Hcp c‡-Nw-I-aW hyh-ÿ- krjvSn-°m≥ Ah ]m]vX-

am-bn-cp--∂p.

sl¿am-^-ssU-‰nkw (Hermaphroditism)

B¨ s]¨ P\\ KŸn-Iƒ Htc ico-c-Øn¬ ImW-s∏-

Sp∂ Akm-[m-cW ssewKn-IX; _mly ssewKn-Im-h-b-h-ßƒ Ccp

enwK-ß-fp-sSbpw khn-ti-j-X-Iƒ ]Z¿in-∏n-°p-Ibpw tImtam-

tkm-ap-Ifn¬ B¨ s]¨ ZzµX ImW-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂ Ah-

ÿ (XX/XY )

hf¿Øp apb-ep-I-fnse kwtbm-PnX D`-b-enw-K-Xzhpw kzbw

_oP-k-¶-e-\hpw (Combined Hermaphroditism and Auto fer-tilization in Domestic Rabbit) F∂ t]cn¬ 1990¬ s\X¿e-≠n¬

Hcp ]T\w \S-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. Cu ]T\ ]co-£-W-Øn¬ bYm¿∞-

Øn¬ D`-b-enw-K-Po-hn-bmb (sl¿am-^-ssU-‰v) Hcp apbens\ a‰p

s]¨ apb-ep-I-fp-ambn CW-tN-cm-\-\p-h-Zn-°p-Ibpw BWpw s]Æp-

amb 250 Hmfw apb-ep-Isf ]k-hn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. ASpØ

]P-\\ ImeØv H‰°v Xma-kn-∏n® ]kvXpX apb¬ B¨ s]¨

h¿§-Øn¬s∏´ 7 Btcm-Ky-hm-∑m-cmb apb-ep-Isf ]k-hn-®p. B

apb-ens‚ arX-tZlw ]cn-tim-[n-®-t∏mƒ ho≠pw AXv K¿`n-Wn-

bm-bn-cp∂p. ]h¿Ø--\-£-a-amb c≠v AWvVm-i-b-ßfpw (Ova-ries) ]h¿Ø-\-£-a-a-√mØ c≠v hrj-W-ßfpw (Testes) ImW-

s∏-´p. tImtamtkmw k÷o-I-cWw: ssU]vtfmbnUv tImtam-tkm-

ap-I-fn¬ (Diploid Chromosome) NneXv Aenw-K-tIm-tam-tkmapw

(Autosome) NneXv ZznenwK tImtam-tkm-ap-I-fp-ambn \n›n-X-a-

√mØ coXn-bn¬ hn\y-kn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p∂p.

C√n-t\mbv kwÿm-\-Ønse Nn°m-tKm-bn¬ sebnwKv C≥

tlmkv]n-‰-e¬ Un∏m¿´vsa‚ v Hm^v H_vssÃ-SnIvk B≥Uv

ssK\-t°m-fPn a\p-jy-\nse D`-b-ew-K-Xz-sØ-∏‰n Hcp ]T\w \S-

A\p-_‘w II


Øn-bn-cp-∂p. 4 bYm¿∞ D`-b-enw-Kn-bmb 46 XX , 46 XY bn¬

kw`-hn-°p∂ km¶-ev]nI kw`-h-ßfpsS ^e-ßƒ \n¿Æ-bn-

°m\pw AXpt]mse AWvV-˛-hr-j-W-ß-fp≈ bYm¿∞ D`-b-enw-

Kn-bpsS BZy K¿`-[m-cWw dnt∏m¿´v sNøepp-am-bn-cp-∂p Cu ]T-

\-K-th-j-W-Øns‚ Dt±-iyw.

Cu ]T-\-kw-hn-[m-\-Øn¬ tcmKn-bpsS enwt^mssk‰v,

ss^t_m-_vfmÃv, Nph∂ c‡m-Wp-°-fpsS B‚n-P-\p-I-ƒ, a\p-

jy-\nse temt°m-ssk‰vUv B‚n-P-\p-Iƒ YtImtam-tkm-anse

Un HmIvko ssdt_m \yq¢nIv BknUv F∂n-h-bn¬ tImtam-

tkm-ap-Iƒ Fßs\ ]h¿Øn-°p∂p F∂-Xns‚ hni-I-e\w IqSn

Dƒs°m-≈n-®n-cp-∂p. CXns‚ Is≠-Ø-ep-Iƒ amXr-]nXr c‡-

Kq-∏p-I-fn-tebpw k¥-Xn-I-fpsS c‡--Kq-∏p-I-fn-sebpw Um‰m-I-fp-

ambn Xmc-Xayw sNøp-I-bp-ap-≠m-bn.

Cu ]T-\-ß-fpsS e-ambn \ΩpsS Cu tcmKn Hcp "jntad'

(Chimera) bmsW∂v shfn-s∏-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn. amXr-]-chpw ]nXr-

]-c-hp-ambn ]Zm\w sNø-s∏´ Npcp-ßn-bXv H∂n-e-[nIw P\n-XI

LS-I-ß-fp≈ tImi-I-e-Iƒ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ Pohn-I-sf-bmWv

"jntad' F∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xv. AXp-Iq-SmsX AWvU-˛-hr-j-W-ßƒ

(Ovotestis) D≈Xv sIm≠v Ahƒ K¿`w [cn -°p-Ibpw Hcp

Ip™ns\ ]k-hn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

1. Genetics : 1991 Sept. 129 (1) 211-9.

2. "Fertility - Sterility - 1991 No 56 (5): 904-12

3. This report concerned the research of David Bonthron et aland refers to the Oct 1995 issue of 'Nature Genetics' wheretheir report is to be found.

4. Journal of Fertility and Sterility - JC: evf 57 (2) : 346-91992 Feb.


A`ykvXhnZycmb s]mXp-P-\-Øn\v th≠n bp-‡-amb coXn-

bn¬ InkvXp-a-XsØ ab-s∏-Sp-ØpI F∂Xv InkvXob Fgp-

Øp-Im-c-t‚tbm ]t_m-[-I-t‚tbm tPmen-b-√. Ah-Xm-c-kn-

≤m¥w blq-Z¿°v Hcp ]Xn-_-‘hpw Ko°p-Im¿°v Hcp Akw-

_-‘-hp-am-bn-cp--∂pht√m. Bb-Xn-\m¬ InkvXpaXw Ft∏mgpw

bp‡nsb AXn-h¿Øn-°p-∂p-sh∂v amX-a-√, hntcm-[m-`m-k-Øn¬

AXv AXp-ey-hp-am-bn-cn-°pw. AXy¥w hnIm-c-`-cnXhpw aXm`n-ap-

Jy-ap-f-f-Xp-amb lrZ-bm-¥-c-ß-fn¬ hnizm-k-Øm¬ amXw ]Jym-

]n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-XmWv InkvXp-a-Xw. hnizm-k-Øn\v ]Icw bp‡n

F∂-Xns‚ A¿∞w InkvXp-a-X-Øns‚ acWw F∂m-Wv.

˛Io¿°nKmZv˛

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