1. Introduction

2. CALICE collaboration

3. Calorimeter test beam results

4. Summary

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Jaroslav Cvach, Institute of Physics ASCR, Prague

I. A. SavinI. A. Savin

I.A. Savin and Prague physics: 1964-70 πp scattering 1969-79 BIS 1977-92 NA4 1988-90 tagged ν at UNK 1992 Compass

NA4 experiment: Important school for

experimentalists from Institute of Physics

ASCR Faculty of Mathematics

and Physics, CU J. Žáček, J. Cvach, J.

Strachota, P. Reimer, S. Němeček, J. Hladký, R. Lednický, P. Závada

From nucleon structure functions to calorimeters

NA4 (BCDMS) – mainly data analysis

1986 H1 at HERA – read-out electrodes for LAr calorimeters (ECAL, HCAL) Slow control Spacal electronics Data analysis

2001 Calorimeters for ILC Scintillator tile hadron

(electronics, data analysis) SiW elmg. (Si pad sensors)

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CALICE Collaboration –

worldwide calorimeter R&D effort

EUDET – European grant under 6th FP, I3 (2006-10) AIDA – European grant under 7th FP, INFRA (2011-14)

Electromagnetic Calorimeter with W absorber Silicon pads 1 x 1 cm2 0.5 x 0.5 cm2 Scintillator strips 1 x 4 x 0.35 cm3 with MPPC readout

Hadron Calorimeter with steel (W) absorber Scintillator tiles with analogue readout RPC / Micromegas / GEM – with digital readout

Muon Tail Catcher – steel absorber and scintillator strips

Coordinated test beam programme to combine different technologies at the same time and prove Particle flow paradigm

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Reconstruct every particle in the event• up to ~100 GeV - tracker is superior to

calorimeter • use tracker to reconstruct e±,±,h± (<65%> of

Ejet )

• use ECAL for reconstruction (<25%>)• (ECAL+) HCAL for h0 reconstruction (<10%>) HCAL E resolution still dominates Ejet resolution

But much improved resolution (only 10% of Ejet in HCAL)

PFLOW calorimetry = Highly granular detectors (CALICE) + Sophisticated reconstruction software

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Jet Energy (GeV)

Jet

En

erg

y R

eso

luti

on

/E

jet (%

)

PFA simulation

ILC goal

ATLAS simulationH1 measured

ALEPH measured

CDF measured

DREAM measured

q

q̄

5

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Calorimeter ZOO

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Muon trigger

Data recorded:•2006 – DESY, 2006-7 -

CERN•2008-9 – Fermilab•Si-W and Scint-Fe ECAL,

AHCAL, TCMT• e± 1-50 GeV, ± , ± 2 - 80 GeV• Various impact points &

angles of incidence 0°, 20°, 30°, 45°

Envisaged tests:•2010-11 – Fermilab, Digital

HCAL •2010-11 – CERN, AHCAL with

W absorber + 1 plane with Micromegas

17648 read-out channels

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Absorber 30 layers of W: 1.4, (0.4 X0),

2.8 and 4.2 mm thick 24 X0 in total

Active Element 30 layers of Si diode pads

1 cm2, 525 µm thickness6480 channels

~ ½ sensors from Czech Rep. – Prague main contribution

Read-out by ASIC Large dynamic range Auto-trigger on ½ MIP On chip zero suppress Ultra-low power « 25 µW/ch

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Measured linearity and resolution of energy as response to electrons

Detector performs as expected from simulations

nonlinearity<1%

Energy resolution =16.5%/sqrt(E)+1.1%

Longitudinal shower profiles

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Absorber• 38 layers of steel, 2 cm thick• 4.5 λint in total

Active element Scintillator tiles 3x3 – 12x12 cm2

with embedded WLS fibres Multi-pixel Geiger mode photo-

diodes (SiPM, MPPC), B-field proof, small, affordable, integrated

Read-out by ASIC 2 gains (normal, calibration) HV settings for SiPMs Shaping and multiplexing Power consumption 200 mW/5 V

Calibration and monitoring by LED flashes, temperature rec.

In beam 2006-9

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Functionalities of the LED system:1) gain calibration at low intensity light2) provide reference pulses monitoredby PIN diodes 3) provide full dynamic range for checking the SiPM response function

Temperature monitored by temperature sensors

∆G/G ∆ T

~ -1.7%/K

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SiPM response to low LED light

1 LED illuminates 18 SiPM

Cluster finding in HCAL to determine properties of the shower (global) (total energy, volume, longitudinal structure … )Used as input to neural net, training with the MC simulationResolution improved by ~ 25 %

Non-weighted distribution - larger response at higher energies.Sw compensation – linearity back to ~ 2%

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Composition of the Geant4 physics lists for pions All physics lists combine at least two models The high granularity of the calorimeter allows detailed

studies of the substructure of hadron showers in the energy range 10 – 80 GeV

outdated – Geant 3

prefered by LHC test beam data

open to CALICE test beam data

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Less short tracks in models, E< 20 GeV

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1 m3 – Digital Hadron Calorimeter Physics Prototype

Description

Readout of 1 x 1 cm2 pads with one threshold (1-bit) → Digital Calorimeter 40 layers each ~ 1 x 1 m2

Each layer with 3 RPCs, each 32 x 96 cm2 ~350,000 readout channels Layers to be inserted into the existing CALICE Analog (scintillator) HCAL structure

Purpose

Validate DHCAL concept Gain experience running large RPC systems Measure hadronic showers in great detail Validate hadronic shower models

Status

Construction in 2008 – 09 Tests 2010 - 11

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Square meter plane with readout boards

π+ shower

1 m1 m33 c calorimeter ialorimeter in n beambeam„Several years of work by a group led by Argonne Physicist Jose Repond (HEP) are paying off, as the Digital Hadron Calorimeter at the International Linear Collider produces incredible detail of hadron showers. For the first time, researchers can measure individual particles in a hadronic jet.“ Argonne today, November 4, 2010

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Next challenge: ‣ Demonstrate feasibility and scalability of imaging calorimeters with fully integrated electronics in a real collider detector

‣ Meet the space constraints in a real collider detector

Design of a multi-layers barrel ECAL and HCALEach active layer equipped with readout electronics

Power pulsing

‣ Minimize amount of cables leaving the detector/cracks= Maximize hermeticity

Si-W sandwich29 layers

HCAL

1.5m

ECAL

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Testing the new calorimeter concept Operation of a 8000 channel system with a novel

photodetector SiPM successful Calibration established Systematic established

AHCAL prototype – a new tool for hadron shower physics Methods developed to identify the first hadron interaction Methods developed to estimate and correct longitudinal

leakage Several simulation models compared to test beam data

SS absorber replaced by W – new data are coming now WHCAL π beam tests November 2010, January-February

2011 Main task – time development of hadronic shower from W

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