Ç C ¢√®Ωç 2 ÂÆ°dç •®Ω’ 2007

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    -C- 2 d- 2007 - j

    Ranjan: Hi, Harsha, what's new?

    Harsha: Nothing ( )Ranjan: I called you the other day but you

    walked off in a hurry. In fact I called

    you till you were out of earshot.

    ( o V Eo -h,y y Rx-. N- x L-.)

    Harsha: I didn't really hear you, I swear.

    Nothing is a greater pleasure than

    talking to you.

    (F E NE. Fx C?)

    Ranjan: I returned recently from Mumbai. There

    I ran into our old friend and classmate

    Charit. (Do) you remember him?

    ( -u j * AJ-a.\ - x , o J- --o. JF h ?)

    Harsha: Of course I do. He is never off my

    mind. Well, what about him?

    (h-- -? E p Ja. Eo J*?)

    Ranjan: He is very well off now. He is a big

    business man of sorts.

    (p - - -. u .)

    (of sorts = -)

    Harsha: So he is bet-ter off outside

    the home

    state. That's

    good for him.

    So long as he was here, he was quite

    badly off, for all his talent.

    ( Z -o-o- . vA -j-p- \o E L .)

    Ranjan: You can say that. He isn't without tal-

    ent really. He is able to show that in

    Mumbai. I think people are well off

    once they get out of their homes.

    (E . vA E--.o- j -- ----o . yZ * -

    E --.)Harsha: So, when are you going to Mumbai

    again?

    ( y Sx j pho?)

    Ranjan: I am off as soon as my ticket is ready.

    I think that'll take another weak.

    ( h. d a.)

    Harsha: Have you booked your ticket?

    (F -o?)Ranjan: No. Not yet. I had been to the station

    this morning for reserving my ticket.

    The power was off for nearly an hour.

    Having no patience to wait any longer

    I came away. I'm going tomorrow

    again.

    ( . y l d xJy ---. -F - . * a.Sx h.)

    Harsha: You don't seem to be in any hurry to

    go back.

    (AJT x-- --oxEp y.)

    Ranjan: I am off the mood for work. I've a lot of

    leave in credit. I want to be off work for

    the whole period of leave.

    (E - x. o. Vj--- E--- -EC.)

    Harsha: That makes

    me happy. We

    can be togeth-

    er for some

    time.

    English conversation aoff J* J-Eo N--.Look at the following expressions

    from the conversation above:

    1) I called you the other day but you

    walked off.

    2) He is never off my mind.

    3) He is very well off now.

    4) So he is better off outside the state.

    5) I think people are well off when they get out

    of their homes.

    6) I am off as soon as my ticket is ready.

    7) The power was off for nearly an hour.

    8) I want to be off work for the whole period of

    leave.

    'off' Eoxpreposition . \J adverb, adjective Th.Just don't worry what part of speech a word is,

    so long as you are able to use it correctly in

    your speech. Correct use, that's important.

    Study the following uses of 'off' now:

    1) Walk off,run off,etc =

    x, off n, away E. Rx- , J-- . (Rx- / L J-- E)a) They walked off without listening to her =

    pC NE- x Rx-.b) He threw it off the window =

    Eo * () N- .c) Look. Off he goes =

    . Rx--o.d) Off you go. We don't

    want you here any

    more =

    Get out. OJ\ -\x v.

    N :a) They walked off with the victory/

    the prize.

    N/ A >\-o.b) The boy rang the bell, and as I

    opened the door, he ran off =

    v d. J-p-, J--.

    c) They ran off towards the station =

    } d j J--.3) be well off =

    sX

    be badly off = s - .a) You need not worry about Naresh. He's

    made it good in business and is well off

    now =

    - J* y *A \. u- ja. s C*E- o.

    b) The father is a happy man b

    sons are all well off =

    - o--x x o.

    Well off X badly off -

    -hC , badly off = a) Don't worry. Compared with t

    Indian, you aren't badly off =

    *. -B--y H--N .

    b) We are badly off for investm

    are unable to start business =

    d d/ d u vG o

    c) She isn't so badly off as not to

    good dresse

    * v .

    4) So he is

    outside t

    Z E -C-o.

    a) People are better off now t

    because of technological prog

    A G %Cl x p v J-nA (Jn)

    b) The team is better off without

    C.6) I'm off = R}-x

    a) It's already late. I'm off =

    p- u-iC. - R}b) The bird is off to unknown lan

    L-E v - ~ (TJ)7) Power is off = Nu - .

    Off work = E x- .j Fo conversation uNE . practice

    Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht

    He is never ofHe is never of f my mindf my mind

    v o:- i) "A true book is the life blood of a mat-ter's spirit''. D-E- -n-N-?

    ii) When we use these phrases?

    a) On the other hand.

    b) As a matter of fact.

    c) on the basis of.

    >. , o-:i) A true/ great book is the life blood of a mas-

    ter spirit - D correct form of the sentence.n E-i/p h tEv-i h.

    ii) a) On the other hand - C on the onehand .., on the other (hand)- C Gv-/N-/ %p- u ,u ju L- . On the one hand they want to give

    money, but on the other, they don't

    want to give their money= sLyd, E --x s y d.

    He did not help me, on the other hand he

    spread lies about me =

    -, - O-l v .

    b) As a matter of fact =

    o N-E h au/ h

    L-T expression, nE . We have known each other for a long

    time. As a matter of fact, we were class-

    mates at college =

    - -J-- -- .nE college classmates.

    I've helped him. As a matter of fact I've

    helped him even before he has asked for it

    = . nE o -f.

    c) On the basis of =

    N ; Eo-d.

    Don't act on the basis of what you have

    heard from others. Wait till you know the

    facts.

    - p--Eo-d O--.h- -- .

    On the basis of my experience I draw

    conclusions. =o -Eo-d El-- h/ El- ---Eo-d .

    v o:- C -u- d? -NJ.i) Whom I have to meet?

    ii) We have to write the exam well.

    iii) The property was sold before he want-

    ed to buy it.

    iv) He cannot help but accept defeat.

    .\, o-: O-T--correct sentences:

    i) Who have I to meet?

    ii) Correct

    iii) The property had

    been sold before he

    wanted to buy it. (ear-

    lier past action)

    iv) He cannot help

    accepting defeat/

    He cannot but acceptdefeat.

    v o:i) All the students inour class passed the exam.

    ii) All of the students in our clas

    the exam.

    -u- d? -NJ. Nflg,

    -: Both the sentences are cofirst sentence as well as th

    sentence means, Every one

    dents in our class passed.

    x--x-- 352

    M.SURESAN

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    -C- 5 -d 2007 - j

    Manogna: (Have you) heard this? Anjana got a

    prize again.

    (No? Anjana S} prize*aC)

    Lochana: What is it this time for?

    (J E?)Manogna: For her excellence in studies and

    for her talent for public speaking.

    (- --,h %y vA)

    Lochana: She has won it for the third time in a

    row, I think.

    (prize

    , - CJ -)Manogna: Our friends are all admiration for

    Anjana. The one good thing about

    her is, for all the talent she has, she

    is quite modest.

    (- - o-- a-o. *N N- vA o-p-, EJy)

    Lochana: In the

    beginning

    she wasn't

    for mincing

    free by with

    others. She

    was a bit reserved. I mistook it for

    her conceit. But as time went on she

    opened out, and we now know her

    for the good girl she is.

    ( -J L-N dC. h C. E, , -J L--C.p * x E)

    Manogna: She is too bright for a girl her age,

    and her background.

    ( o x, Jn* *axx E LN t )

    Lochana: For now no one among us can be a

    match for her in studies or in other

    activities.

    (vh--E - --F, N--x-F )

    Manogna: Now for our business. When are westarting for Jamuna's?

    ( N-E-l. Rx---p ----o?)

    Lochana: I'm afraid we can't start immediately.

    We have to wait for some time.

    ( -- -o.-L)

    Manogna: Wait? What for and who for?

    ( ? E-, J ?)

    Lochana: My brother has gone out to get

    some mangoes, and curds for our

    lunch. We shall have lunch here and

    then start.

    ( brother --E N x E x . \ .)

    Manogna: I don't mind lunch here, but I'm afraid

    mangoes and curds are not for me.

    (\ u, F N x )

    Lochana: Oh, that's

    disappoint-

    ing. Why

    can't you eat

    them?

    ( E- C. yA- N?)

    Manogna: It's six months since the

    doctor told me, "Look

    Manogna, no curds and

    mangoes for you". Since

    then I've been avoiding

    them.

    Lochana: Oh, what a pity! What are you going

    to eat then?

    (-%d. AN?)Manogna: Just don't worry. I'll make do with

    whatever you have.

    ( --. y dJd)

    Our study of prepositions lesson 'for'- Eo --.Study the use of 'for' in the following sen-

    tences from the conversation between

    Manogna and Lochana:

    1) What is it this time for?

    2) for her excellence in studies and for her tal-

    ent for public speaking.3) she has won it for the third time in a row.

    4) Our friends are all admiration for her

    5)for all the talent she has, she is quite modest.

    6) I mistook it for her conceit

    7) She is too bright for

    a girl her age.

    J L-N -sx'for' n: , .

    a) We are wait ing for you= F

    -E o.b) This book is for Ramesh and that

    pen is for you = h (), - pen F (F)

    c) I am here for some information =

    - \ o.1. What is it this time for? = J

    *aC (prize)? -E? ? v o- for .a) What did he get the prize for =

    -*a-Eprize?b) He was punished for misbehaviour - vp-

    h P~-f (vp- h xE P~ C)

    c) They selected him for the job -

    u-E EE .3) 'for' o-J E ,

    E L- .a) She has got the prize for the first time this

    year- q dJ prize *aC.

    b) Our team has defeated them

    time yesterday =

    J team Eo }c) for ten years he suffered like a

    x -f4) Admiration - G , a

    hC.a) We all have great admiration

    Kalam. l x C/ p G

    b) Fans are people with great ad

    their favourite actors =

    J G xC. respectfor hC.c) We have great respe

    teacher = teache .

    d) Mistake for =

    -She mistook him for his brothEo E brother E Don't mistake me for being ru

    O x o-E 6) For all = in spite of (-p-)

    a) for all his wealth he is not happy

    / o-p .

    b) for all his sincerity, he could not

    tion =

    *h- Cl o-p-/ *h- Cl promotion --

    7) Too bright for a girl her age =

    - N* LN C a) He is too tall for a boy his age

    E - N* -b) He dances too well for his we - o/ h ( p).

    Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht

    I mistook it for her conceitI mistook it for her conceit

    x--x-- 340

    M.SURESAN

    - v -o: SpokenEnglish -C* C linguisticdoubts Ba-E --N. Aspect ofEnglish verb Halliday's, An

    Introduction to

    Functional Grammar N- J-.- C J* .

    . %g, j1. Take/ did take - past, 2. take, takes,

    does take, do take- present, 3. will

    take - future, 4. had taken - past in

    past, 5. has taken - past in present, 6.

    will have taken - past in future, 7. was

    taking - present in past, 8. is taking -

    present in present, 9. will be taking -

    present in future, 10. was going to

    take - future in past, 11. is going to

    take - future in present, 12. will be

    going to take - future in future, 13.

    was going to have taken - past in

    future in past, 14. is going to have

    taken - past in future in present, 15.

    will be going to have taken - past in

    future in future, 16. had been taking -

    present in past in past, 17. has been

    taking - present in past in present, 18.

    will have been taking - present in past

    in future, 19. was going to be taking -

    present in future in past, 20. is going

    to be taking - present in future in pre-

    sent, 21. will be gong to be taking -

    present in future in future, 22. had

    been going to take - future in past in

    past, 23. has been going to take -

    future in past in present, 24. will have

    been going to take - future in past in

    future, 25. had been going to have

    taken- past in future in past in past,

    26. has been going to have taken-

    past in future in past in present, 27.

    will have been going to be taken -

    past in future in past in future, 28. was

    going to have been taking - present in

    past in future in past, 29. is going to

    have been taking - present in past in

    future in present, 30. will be going to

    have been taken - present in past in

    future in future, 31. had been going to

    be taking - present in future in past in

    past, 32. has been going to be taking

    - present in future in past in future, 33.

    will have been going to be taking -

    present in future in past in future, 34.

    had been going to have been taking -

    present in past in future in past in

    past, 35. has been going to have

    been taking - present in past in future

    in past in present, 36. will have been

    going to have been taking - present in

    past in future in past in future.

    -:Take - takes h- *aforms, different tenses C*N. O forms

    No.2 - Present indefinite/ Simple

    tense (Regular doing words) - Nregular J - -,vh-: eg: take, takes - regular j -B/ -.

    No.1 - C Past Simple/ Indefinite(Past doing word)- C J-TE hC He took the book yes-terday - Eo h Bo.

    No.3 - Will take - future indefinite/

    simple future J u --C. He will take the book tomor-row. B.

    4. Had taken - had + past participle

    (Past perfect) - two past actions

    J-Tpast action (1st past

    action ) --C.eg: He told me that he had taken

    (had + pp) the book ( h Bo-E p) past - B, p, J (1st) past action -B, y p 1st pastaction - had taken (had + past partici-

    ple) book *a- N past inthe past, past in present, past in

    future, present in past, etc. OE d-- N confusing . u practice-LqC NN tenses verb

    forms,N -sx C L-E the present, future in the

    expressions con. O O take *a verb form E E O conve-sEo d .

    u N: O forms form No. 13, 14, 121 to 35 --o ve conversationingF, , -\ N/ . forms pn communication, bC. E Jh Pratibha Spoken English

    lessons on verb forms

    . O question O-Lq verb forms- verb foNo. 1 to 11, No. 16 to 18, verb vA spokelessons .

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    - 7 -d 2007 - j

    Yagnik: I am not at all surprised that he has left

    the town for good. He has conned you

    all into subscribing to his bogus

    schemes.

    (-- CL Sx AJ-T- J--- au . Nt-o-JF - - -i\x Jp* )con=Nt* / u-i schemes - -- - offer J _ s .conmen= -- /schemes s- - -u-xjxx, -x .con, conman- confidence trickster - Nt* ,He conned me into buying a useless

    car =

    (E-E d)

    Hemanth: What do

    you mean?

    Did you

    know about

    him?

    ( yC? J* F?)

    Yagnik: I have known him for the cheat he is,

    all along. I had been warning all but no

    one paid attention.

    ( o N -o< / . KoaJ-h o, F N-)

    Hemanth: But you didn't warn me.

    (F y o J)Yagnik: How could you expect me to take you

    for a fool like all others? I have great

    regard for your sound thinking.

    (--x y ^ E ---o? y j ----- E t)

    Hemanth: Now for making good what we'velost. What do you suggest that I do?

    (. vh doC AJTa -*l. o -EF ?)

    Yagnik: I'am afraid it wait be that easy to get

    back what you've lost.

    (y p-C AJT E ).

    Hemanth: Yea. The Police say that no other

    criminal on their records is a match

    for this one. They haven't been able

    to catch him so far.

    (. Jf-\ n,O J--E --M -o. E d--)

    Yagnik: It will take some time for us to think of

    it all. The police are not easy to deal

    with, though for better or for worse we

    have to go to them.

    (DEo J* *-E h - -C. -Mx u L .F -o x _--xLq.)

    Hemanth: Now for our

    lunch. Where shall we

    eat?

    ( B?)

    Yagnik: Let's go to Pushti

    Restaurant. That's the place

    for a good meal. Today is

    sunday. They serve mango

    juice and perugu vada as sunday

    specials.

    (-d d . C-. N , C-vu- fh--\.)

    Hemanth: Oh, what a pity? Neither of them is

    for me. I'm allergic to both mango

    juice and perugu vada. My doctor

    said long ago, 'No mango juice for

    you, Hemanth'

    (s, %-d . N . -Kb. - -d p p, , FN E.

    Yagnik: Don't worry. I'll have yours too.

    ( --. FN B-)

    Hemanth: Ok, then. Let's go.

    ( ) J-Q-L-ho preposition 'for' -

    JEo --.Study the use of for

    in the following

    sentences.

    1) He has left the town

    for good.

    2) I have known him for the cheat he

    is, all along.

    3) How could you expect me to take

    you for a fool?

    4) I have great regard for your sound

    thinking.

    5) Now for making good what we've

    lost.

    6) No other criminal is a match for this one.

    1) for good = y(for good * )

    a) He came here yesterday. He is here for

    good.

    Eo a\. \ -, p-.

    b) They are yours for good.

    N F o- / F a J-TC.c) Are you leaving for good?

    y Sx? (o- AJ-T-h-o?)C conversational English frequent.

    2) To know some one for some thing.

    a) How can you expect her to marry him? She

    knows him for the bad guy he is

    f-

    o Rx E -b) I know for what you are.

    y, y- c) I know you for the liar you are.

    y -l- E .3) take for = - / ---a) Sorry, I took you for your brother.

    Sorry, Eo O brother -ob) What do you take me

    look a fool to you?

    o J* -- ^ ---c) Don't take him for a

    man.

    oO -u--.

    4)Regard for =

    o / ua) I have great regard for that teach - x / o.

    b) People have no regard for him.

    v- ~u .5) Now for = C-, vh--E.a) Now for the money we need. H

    going to get it?

    vh s N*l. a-o Eo

    b) Now for a cup of good coffee.

    vh * ?6) A match for = @ba) No one can be a match for Tendu

    Tendulkar @b /

    b) They are a match for each other match.

    x Ax-- (J- Ad = slanging match) J-

    Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht

    Now for a cup of good coffee

    x--x-- 341

    M.SURESAN

    v- o:1) Jewel/er (n)= One

    who sells Jewels;

    uJ.(j u Lifco dictio-nary C) -j t- E - . NJ*C -d?

    2) h- @ 60 N? @ h nN? format n -.

    3) which\ is, was, in, to preposi-tionsh n hC? NJ.

    : 1. Bad Debt- a bad debt which is irrecov-erable; under any circumstance is

    called a bad debt- which C E.\'a bad' jAJT - -E --o. uEo -- - -C--

    \ * vGL? (J Op - -* C-NTxstructure *J- * --dE.)

    4) service tax is to be shown separately in theinvoice and is payble based on the payment

    realised and not on the total amount shown

    in the invoice. DEo - -Ca?('invoiceservice tax C -*-Lq C. payment --

    O - C.invoice

    h O . E - C.-d?)

    . \, ---:1) One who sells Jewels- C u-

    J, English C N (explana-tion)- N u E\C? C u . Clause. CCorrect ( t)

    2) @ = at the rate of = the price of a unit (dozen . 100 h- , , litre ) h- / Eoh- p @

    .I bought these mangoes @ Rs 100 per

    dozen (At the rate of Rs 100 a dozen =

    100 p E)Computer @ = at/- E WebsiteE. Computer ID -u Company Internet Company , @ . :[email protected] (pkrishna at

    yahoo.com) (.com = dot com. dot = \)format = E design, plan, .The format of the application = application

    .3) Which C, j... C n

    o. Payment realised Payment-- E , -- LxE. \realise = --, E. u --* English - Cp -u Last * begin h. CEo- Eo sentences N -. -sEo d --a.

    4) O - -C-* B correct v o: Is reading novels the rightway f

    ing fluency in English? If it is, th

    where I can get such novels

    would also be appreciated.

    . Dl--:

    Read the novels of Jame

    Chase -they are short and he

    pick up highly conversationalquial forms of English. They

    to get from lending libraries in

    Read also English Chandam

    the novels of John Grisha

    Wallare, etc. Read an Eng

    preferably the Hindu.

    v o: ' p * f o uEo 'He ias he was bad'E p- a?

    --: He is as good now, as he sometime ago.

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    9 -d 2007 j

    Lochana: Hi Rachana, what's wrong? You do

    look ill.

    (- iC? h s Eh-o)

    Rachana: It's the flavoured milk and the

    chocolate drink I took yesterday.

    (Eo Bo x f N-\, - -v x ?)

    Lochana: What have they got to do with your

    illness, dear?

    ( y - E ?)

    Rachana: My Doctor long ago told me that

    they were not for me. No essenced

    drink or Chocolate for me. I am aller-

    gic to them.

    ( d p pC. N E. qq, x F- E, N allergy.)

    Allergy Eo -n, F-, - J-n, JK--y- --- , - xx )

    Lochana: Then why

    did you take

    them at all?

    (p

    Bo?)Rachana: They have a great temptation to me.I like them so much. So, I said to

    myself, "for all that I care, let me

    have a go at them", and I took them.

    And here I am, sneezing like hell

    and with a running nose. My fond-

    ness for them has landed me in

    trouble.

    (N o -J{-h. Ad . E Eo -o. ' i - -C. JE B-. E B-o. - , t, \.)To have a go at something =

    j .I'd like to have a go at walking all

    the way up the hill.

    (J O-C *Rx (Bus / O )E C)

    Lochana: I really pity you. For all the enjoy-

    ment you had, you might just as

    well have not bothered about them.

    Why don't you see a doctor?

    (E Eo h hC. yC Cl E, Ed -E LqC . d

    --?)Rachana: She'll give me some anti allergic

    medicine. That's no good. It has to

    run its usual cense.

    ( -Jb -L-hC. E-. -Kb Lq , _C)

    Lochana: For better or for worse you'd better

    see her. You'll have some relief.

    Medicine does make a difference.

    (i, d _J x -*C. - - -C. - - -

    p L- -C.)Make a difference = p-

    Rachana: I'll for now, I'll try things like vicks

    and boiled and strained pepper

    water.

    (h. vh--EVicks, NJ-

    .)Boiled = J-T / J-T*; Strain = -)

    Lochana: How long will it trouble

    you?

    (C -E-o -ox ChC)Rachana: At least for a week.

    (F )Lochana: The bus is coming. Let's get into it.

    ( hC. \.)

    For J-Eo -s lesson l. Study the use of for in the followingsentences from the conversation above.

    1) My Doctor told me long ago that they were

    not for me.

    2) No essenced drink or Chocolate for me.

    3) My fondness for them has landed me in

    trouble.

    4) For all that I care

    5) For all the enjoyment you had, you might

    just as well have not bothered about it.

    6) For better or for worse you'd better see her.

    1&2 ..... they were not for me - not for some-

    body - expression .....not for me = EC

    a) City life is not for me = City life is not suitable

    for me / does not suit me =

    @N b) He likes ice cream a lot, but the pity is that it

    is not for him.

    (v d. F -%-d C- E .)

    c) This kind of job is not for her / Not for her is

    this kind of Job =

    u NyE / N J-.

    (Not for him -

    not begin h, effect \)

    d) Not for me this kind of entertain-ment =

    N .2. No mango juice for me / no, not

    for me =

    -N- - .3) Fondness for = d/-\

    a) His fondness for Cricket is ruining his

    studies.

    (Cricket x E-o \ E - -hC.

    b) Sugunas fondness for creams is costing her

    a lot of money =

    Creams x -o \ x a -C.

    c) His fondness for jokes often lands him in

    trouble =Jokes E-o d x u -\-o-.

    4) For all that I care = - . ( d-, - interest , E)

    a) For all I care, let him hang himself =

    -E E, b) For all I care, You may waste all your

    money =

    F s % , ! (N-, Ex~u)

    c) For all the officer cares, the clerks

    the dogs =

    -h -d?(Something / Somebody going to

    ( j / j - - )go to hell E ,

    d) For all I care what does it mat

    spends his money / He may

    money as he likes =

    s a?

    5) For all the enjoymen

    = y C

    ( E L , - )

    a) For all that you got for the mone

    as well not have spent it

    y d s -, ! (s T vA E)

    b) For all the pleasure I had wit

    effort. I might as well have not tri

    v- o C vo .

    c) For all the distance covered a

    expense by his car, he could ha

    taken flight

    = - a N- xa.

    6) For better for worse =

    ia) Let's go there, for better or for wi \l.(*j, -j /L--i)

    b) For better or for worse, I've chos

    and I will continue in it =

    *j -j (j- ) F o. - ---.

    c) For better or for worse. I am quit

    = j, j (i) --o.

    Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht

    No essenced drink or Chocolate for me

    x--x-- 342

    M.SURESAN

    v o: Tx .a- Tenses

    yArticles

    step by step a-? N aF 50] -Tx x?English a----E * h-- p. . , q

    ---: O ' vA Spoken Englishlessons, No1 * - . p-xpractice .

    u O English - *o *ostory books vG*,English Newspapers - .English

    N. O p- hC.x.v o: unless, lest, torn off, counter fire OE

    -Th u, n-.

    . u , ---: 1) Unless he knows she is here, he

    will not come =

    a) He will come here only if he knows

    she is here =

    \ E L-h E-\h.unless = / p.

    b) Unless you send the money you can't get the

    books. You have to send the money to get

    the books.

    (You can get the books, if you send the

    money.(Unless = / p)

    c) Unless he has a degree, he cannot get the

    job = He must have a degree to get the job.

    2) lest = so that not = (j) -.

    a) Start early lest you should miss (lest you

    miss) the train = start early so that you may

    not miss the train.

    (v- p-- - y--.)

    b) He ran away lest the police should catch /

    lest the police catch, him = He ran

    that the police may not catch him.

    3) Torn off = *.a) He found his books torn off (by the

    h- ( *o Gf) * C E.

    b) He had the agreement torn off -

    pEo * .4) Counter fire = This expression

    appear to be in use. It may mean, r

    Counter fire English Ep. --p nfire E .a) If some one fires at you, you retu

    (j OO p J-, Op -- n.)

  • 8/14/2019 C 2 d 2007

    5/13

    -C- 12 - d 2007 - j

    Priya: Hi Sneha, long time, no see. Where

    have you been all these days?

    (o V-jC, -E.\o, Eo V?)

    Sneha: Busy with a research project and

    because of it I had to be away for

    months gathering material.

    ( J- - u BJ- o.E C * - Jh - Lq *aC.)

    Priya: Have you completed it?

    (Jh Eo?)Sneha: No. It had to be suspended for want of

    funds.

    (. E - -v-d \L- Lq *aC)

    Priya: You look run down.

    ( F- E-h-o)Sneha: That's outside and restaurant food for

    you! Before I left home I had been on

    home food and no trouble whatever.

    Once I left home I couldn't care what I

    ate, and where I ate. That's affected

    my health.

    (, x A A J!x - A AEo. . x C-L y Ao, \Ao C

    d-. u jCx.)

    Priya: I've preferred a local job mainly for fear

    of losing my health.

    ( u j , nE- o u do.)

    Sneha: I have told my boss a number of times

    to keep me here, but he wouldn't listen.

    He is not one to do things for fear or for

    favour.

    (Eo-\ - E - xp. F NE--. F, G -EF E-.)

    Priya: You mean the present man? I thought

    he was the nice sort.(yC p-o E J? * -o-o!)

    Sneha: No. Not this man. He is not our man-

    ager. He is acting for the manager, as

    he is on leave.

    (. --. - - . -- -M- o, - E-h-o / --n E-h-o.)

    Priya: I mistook him for your manager.

    (EE O -- -E -f.)Sneha: This guy is flexible, but he has no pow-

    ers. The decisions are the manager's

    and this man just signs for him.

    ( N , F E C . Eg-Fo --, v h.)

    Priya: Why don't you change your job? You

    can avoid these tours.

    (F u a? v- p--?)

    Sneha: Just for lack of time. I am so busy atoffice that I don't find the time to look

    for a new job.

    ( --x. h u-\ G@ .)

    Priya: Any, you'd better take care of your

    health. Any thing for health, you know.

    Once you lose it, you can't be the same

    again. That's for sure.

    (-i, F u vh*C. u

    j L. J u p Sx Jh .)

    Sneha: You're right

    (y J_ p.)

    We've been studying the uses of the

    preposition, 'for' for the past few days, haven't

    we? Let's now look at some more uses of 'for'.

    lesson , for N, English con-versation NEhC.Practice. Look at the following sen-tences from the conversation above.

    1) It had to be suspended for want of funds.

    2) I've preferred a local job mainly for fear of

    losing health.

    3) He is not one to do things for fear or (for)

    favour

    4) He is acting for the manager

    5) ... and the man just signs for him.

    6) Just for lack of time

    7) That's hotel food for you!

    1&6) for want of = for lack of =

    x/ - xa) for want of proper support he dropped the

    idea of standing for the election =

    j l - Eo-x --o

    b) for want of time for preparation, they want

    the exam to be put off =

    -- u j --x, x K~ -E --o.

    c) for want of funds the project

    hasn't yet taken off =

    E x vd v .

    d) for want of proper leadership,

    the party is weak =

    j -y x, KdEh C.

    for want of = for lack of. . jsEox, for want of, for lack of-a. C * expression.Practice.

    2) for fear of = x

    a) for fear of losing his ministership he says

    yes to whatever the CM says =

    vA N x p-E-x --.

    b) He didn't raise his voice for fear of his

    father =

    v x Ah x.

    c) for fear of waking the guards,

    quietly =

    fq Ev----o Ez-l .

    d) for fear of contacting AIDS, th

    the AIDS patient =

    q -\ hx _ x.

    3) for fear or (for) favour = hxF / GxFa) you can't get help here for fea

    xF, G xF - . (y G -F F- y

    b) Nothing can be had here f

    favour =

    xF

    xF \(\ F, C - )

    c) (This is) not the place where y

    money for fear or favour =

    F\ Gsa-- .4&5) For the manager = \for

    - E.a) The P.S. signs for the minister

    NE-d q h.

    b) The CEO is acting for the cha

    jt CEO u-J-h7) That's hotel food for you! - \

    C, - E. C -!)a) That's politicians for you! Inte

    in themselves and never in th

    D -----. L yn, v v q

    That's.... for you! -C * converpractice.

    Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht

    He is acting for the managerHe is acting for the manager

    x--x-- 343

    M.SURESAN

    v- o:i) I was glad to hear from father that youare still hale and hearty and can take your

    4km walk every day - This sentence is

    observed in Wren& Martin grammar book

    (old). Please clarify the correctness of this

    sentence.

    ii)The foundations of many buildings would

    have (got) damaged in the earthquake.

    iii)By next September -- the shrubs would have

    grown 4 ft high. Please clarify the correct-

    ness of these sentences using 'would have' -

    one referring to past and another to future.

    . -n, N--:

    i) I was glad to hear from father - This is the

    main clause, and the verb in it 'was' is in the

    past tense. But the verb in the subordinate

    clause- are is in the present tense - strictly

    speaking, it should be 'were', but then the

    meaning would be affected. We'd get the

    meaning, that they were still hale and hearty

    when they heard from their father and not

    after words. This does not express correctly

    what person has heard from the father. In

    informal English (especially when a present

    situation/ a situation which is continuing isreferred to, the present tense verb is pre-

    ferred even if the main clause verb is in the

    past tense. eg: The station master told me an

    hour ago that the train is running late by an

    hour. This is accepted, if it applies to an on

    going situation. Look at this again: I knew

    from him yesterday that you are here for a

    conference tomorrow. In such cases, the rule

    is not strictly insisted upon.

    ii) The foundations of many buildings would

    have got damaged- this means that there

    was a likelihood of the foundations being

    damaged, but in fact they were not. If the

    speaker's meaning was that they were likely

    to have been damaged, the sentence should

    be - The foundations of many buildings might

    have been/ might have got damaged.

    iii) By next September the shrubs would have

    grown four ft high- wrong. The reference

    here is to an action expected to be completeby some time in future.

    The correct sentence is: By next September,

    the shrubs will have grown 4' high.

    -v o:outstretched, yet, someone else OE-Th u, n -.

    . u , ----: i) Outstretched = - */-

    *. (u K )a) He ran to his mother with his arms out-

    stretched = / - *x t- j/ _ -h. (-TL-)

    b) He was looking with his

    neck outstretched = * h-o.

    ii) and yet = yet = though/

    although/ eventhough =

    / -p-.

    a) I gave him Rs. 1000/-and yet he is not happy = a

    b) I told him to get out and yet

    there = o Rx-to \o.

    iii) Someone else = - o.a) He didn't do it. Someone else di

    know who. (C - . -L-.)

    b) If you don't help me, someone

    y -, h.

  • 8/14/2019 C 2 d 2007

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    - 14 -d 2007 - j

    Susen: I'm afraid I'm in for serious trouble.

    ( Bvi sC --o--Ep-hC.)

    Rasik: What makes you think so?

    ( ---o?)Susen: Well, I felt that the job I was assigned

    at office was not for me. So did I tell the

    officer. She insisted, I do it. I refused.

    ( p-T* E TCE E-*C. N p. N d-dC. x-o.)

    Rasik: Why do you feel it is not for you?(F TC-E ---o?)

    Susen: For one thing, it means going out and

    gathering information out of office

    hours.

    ( N--N- E AJT - JLq C, D q y.)

    Rasik: Ofcourse, you'd be paid special

    allowance for it, wouldn't you?

    ( E v u u C?)

    Susen: Certainly. But that doesn't tempt me.

    (Lxh. E { .)tempt= J{

    Rasik: If I were you, I'd do it for the asking.

    What more could you ask for? You

    needn't sit in the office turning over the

    files.

    ( y, C uox p---E. L? aE jq A---\x.)

    Susen: For that matter, I had the offer of such

    a job long ago- I mean, a job that

    would make me go out about a lot. I

    hate having to move about. That's pre-

    cisely why I preferred this job.

    ( N-E-h u A- \ - -uC -p*aC. A- f *. -E *a .)

    precisely = exactly = *a.Rasik: Who's your officer?

    (O ?)

    Susen: How does that concern you? Any way,

    she is Ms Rajyalakshmi.

    (F?/ N -j F? , -u-~ t)

    Rasik: I think I know her. Isn't she called

    Rajyam for short? Her husband is a

    Railway Officer, isn't he?

    (N --. N uE / h ? N hjy ?)

    Susen: Yea. (Do) you know her then? If you

    happen to see her tell her I wouldn't do

    it for any thing.( FN ? JyN -- p, --E E.)

    Rasik: For all the world I would do no such

    thing. Who am I to interfere in such

    matters?( E - . Nx Lp-E Jo?)

    Susen: OK, OK. Leave it at that. I must rush to

    office.

    (x, \. -xL. j.)

    Preposition- 'for' - --o. -sx, n spoken Eng-lish D lesson l. p -, NE-hspoken English . For Lq -sx sentences EN T_ simple , NE--h.Look at the following expressions from the

    conversation above.

    1) I'm in for serious trouble

    2)The job I was assigned at office was not for me.

    3) Why do you feel it is not for you

    4) For one thing, it means going out and gath-

    ering information.

    5) I'd do it for the asking.

    6) For that matter, I had the offer... long ago

    7) Isn't she called Rajyam for short?

    1) Be in for = s--\- / P~ . expression spoken English common. O conversation .

    a) I am late. I am sure I'm in for trouble=

    -u u. sC --o-

    o. .b) You are doing what you ought not to do.

    You'll be in for trouble=

    y -E E-h-o. sx.

    n 'in for it' E .c) If she doesn't complete the work by the

    evening, she is in for it =

    v -- EJh----

    P~ p! (CC uJ) n, you/ he /...asking for trouble

    = sC /

    d) He is smoking too much. He is asking for

    trouble =

    -K \ t h-o . sC Ea-o/ --o.

    e) You are buying that car? Don't ask for

    trouble =

    ---o? sC E-a.2 & 3) Not for me/ not for somebody.

    (J-/ TC - / suit - )a) A travel job is not for me =

    v- u .b) Not for him is this kind of climate =

    - E (suit)

    c) Ice cream is not for her. Doctor told her

    so long ago =

    v . d p p-C.4) for one thing: Conversation

    expression hC. (- N-... .)a) For one thing, politics are not for me; for

    another/ secondly, I don't have the time =

    N- - j .

    b) For one thing they never inv

    for another, she doesn't like to

    N N- , C x x

    c) For one thing or another, he

    never at home =

    N O p .

    5) for the asking = T aC. h/ u E.a) He will help you for the ask

    help willingly =

    yT , h- u

    b) The book is yours for the askin

    y u. h (-. ah.)c) There's a lot of demand for the

    The jobs are there for the ask

    x * T C. Tu-.

    6) for that matter = C . n: N-E-ha) Vijayawada is hot in summe

    matter which coastal city isn't?

    N N-- NE-h, h

    b) The movie is just dances and

    that matter all Indian movie

    that=

    E uq, d

    N-E-h Eo *v 7) for short - C ( Na) His name is Veera

    Satyanarayana Prasad. The

    Satyam for short =

    O u--- Eo u

    b) He comes from 'Gudem',

    Tadepalligudem =

    C . Lx.

    Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht

    I'd do it for the askingI'd do it for the askingx-x- 344

    M.SURESAN

    v o:

    i) Injure, wound, hurt- Ou NJ.

    ii) drawn, sink-O -N-?

    . pV,

    No

    ---:i. a) Injure: K E E-j - - /

    -a u t v -x(Road accident, x T s, J-, C- v -x).

    a) She injured her foot while playing tennis -

    Eo -op -C.

    b) Four people were injured in the bus acci-

    dent-

    Bus v - --J -u.

    c) Injure -f --E vu/vud) Injure = d L-T.

    This has injured his reputation -

    -C d L-T*C.i. b) Hurt. Hurt -/ -av - x L , p E. (Injure -E vu, E - vu.)Hurt o- , v -- h v-\-. -Nj -i Churt.

    a) My shoes are hurting me.

    ( L-Th-o.)

    b) You are hurting me by holding my hand

    tight -

    d dE L-Th-o.

    c) v -x L

    He hurt his arm in the accident-

    v - -A s TLC.

    Hurt , p vu

    d) - sB.

    You've hurt my feelings.

    e) I feel hurt -

    (-) L-TC.

    i. c) Wound

    tO * x - - u

    l l u -fl a) Ten men were wounded in the a

    C- C --f.b) He wounded her with a knife.

    Ah -a.ii) drown - E E-T-

    sink- h -.a) He (was) drowned while swimm

    - E-T-.b) The ship sank off the coast of Ir

    Ireland B-E E-T

  • 8/14/2019 C 2 d 2007

    7/13

    16 -d 2007 - j

    Prasasthi: Hi Sukrithi, can I have the two

    books you've promised me?

    (Nyh-o h- B-a?/ p y?)

    Sukrithi: I looked for them the whole day yes-

    terday but I could find just one of

    them. For the present make do with

    it. I'll try to fish out the other one in

    a day or two.

    (Eo A . -L-. vh--E E l.Eo A v-Aoh Vx.)

    make do = J-dfishout = A d

    Prasasthi: That's nice of you. You've taken a

    lot of trouble for my sake.

    ( *! v-f )

    Sukrithi: That's Sukrithi anything for a friend.

    (D %A . -. o- (hC))

    Prasasthi: Privileged to have a chum like you.

    (F h vu)Sukrithi: One more thing. That book is yours

    for keeps. I

    don't need it

    any way.

    ( N.

    h y. -\-. )

    Prasasthi: I'm sorry that I can't keep it for ever.

    I'll certainly return it to you once my

    work is over. It's not fair on my part

    to keep it for myself.

    (- B. Sorry. E j- F AJT ah. Eo- u )

    Sukrithi: I am all appreciation for your honest

    intentions.

    (F EB l - Jh J{ho.)

    Prasasthi: Today is Sunday. There'll be a num-

    ber of stalls of second hand books.

    I'll see if I can get the second book

    there. I'm not sure, but I'll try forwhat it is worth.

    ( C- . h-t . h\ - h. t . vo h)

    Sukrithi: I am sure it is some where in the

    house. It's matter of time before I

    get it for you.

    (\ x E t.h time -. F h-o-C)

    We are discussing the uses of 'for'. The fol-

    lowing are some more uses of for. Look at

    the following sentences from the conversa-

    tion above.

    1) I looked for them the whole day yesterday.

    2) For the present make do with it.

    3) You've taken a lot of trouble for my sake4) That book is yours for keeps

    5) Anything for a friend

    6) I'll try for what it is worth

    1) Look for = search for = -a) I am looking for someone who can explain

    this = C NJx h-o/--o.

    b) What are you look-

    ing for? = E---o?

    c) Looking for that book in these

    huge piles of books is looking

    for a needle in a haystack =

    h- x h , f C- .

    Needle in a hay stack= f- C C idiom, O practice.d) I am looking for some one to help me=

    x ho.2) For the present = For now = vh--E.

    a) This is all the money that I can give you

    for present =

    vh--E F yL-T s .b) Let's not say or do any thing for the pre-

    sent. Let's wait for his next move =

    vh--E pl, ul. - l/ * l.

    c) Won't this do for the present? =

    vh--EC ?

    3) For somebody's/ someone's sake= for the

    sake of someone/ for the sake of somebody

    = (vu-) J-/ E-a) A father takes any kind of trouble for the

    sake of his children = x / xi, v j h.

    b) A mother is prepared for any sacrifice for

    the sake of her children= x Lx uE-j l-C.

    c) Harischandra gave

    up his kingdom for the

    sake of truth= u uEo o J- av.

    expression practice .For God's sake = * F/ N uE/u-lE d c p-E-F.a) For God's sake, stop beating the

    child= ( , d) Gfd . .

    b) He is just a boy, how can he lift that

    heavy box, for God's sake! =

    *o v , -j d h-? (d p)

    c) For God's sake come out with the truth =

    E p ( / c/ v

    p)5) Anything for- C N-

    expression- practice . n E-jl E.a) Anything for the sake of/ for a friend=

    o E-j l

    b) Anything for a quiet life - that's

    v @N E-j l

    N.c) He will do anything for money

    s -j

    4) for keeps = for ever = p-/ a) I give it to you for keeps =

    C p- Faho.

    b) I've travelled a lot. Now I think

    for keeps =

    v- -E/A- .

    --

    c) Has he

    you for

    does he

    back? =

    C F p- a ?[for keeps X for the time being

    6) For what it is worth = p- t --p , .a) I think I'll buy this shirt, for wha

    shirt \, (oE/ -a, \ )

    b) Take the old man's advice fo

    worth =

    l B, * - a)

    c) Though I am not sure I can mtry for what it is worth =

    E -- t v-Aoh (--).

    Fo O conversation E .

    Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht

    AAnnyytthh iinngg ffoorr aa ff rr iieenndd

    x--x--- 345

    M.SURESAN

    v o:

    C u- Tx - -.

    1. t J---J- Lxh?

    2. t J---J- Lx-h--

    ?3. t J---

    J- Lx--Lq-?

    4. t JJ- p?

    5. t JJ- p-- a.

    .. ,

    --:1. Do we pay fine/ Are we fined for not

    wearing (if we don't wear) a helmet?

    2. (Do) you mean we pay fine/ We are

    fined for not wearing a helmet?

    3. Have we to/ Must we/ should we pay

    fine for not wearing a helmet?

    4. Can't we help paying fine for not wear-

    ing a helmet?

    5. Fine/ Penalty might have to be paid for

    not wearing a helmet-v o:

    1. Possessive pronoun, Reflexive pro-

    noun subject a?

    2. Question Words pronoun -sx ?

    3. noun -- % -He, She, It, They o-! Questions words pronoun Lq N?

    .V, --E

    --:1) Possessive pronouns as subjects:

    a) Mine is that blue car there (C)b) Ours is a most bigger house than

    this (C)c) Yours is not so good as this (FC/

    OC)

    d) His is a better solution (EC)e) Hers is a very costly necklace

    (C)f) Theirs are not clever ideas (xN)

    You can't use a reflexive pronoun as the

    subject of a sentence.

    2) a) who, whom- questionwords, p Pronouns.

    b) What, which, whose - O \ jNoun h (What book, which pen,whose car ) N adjectives,

    J h N Pronouns.

    1) a) What do you want (Pronoun)

    b) What book do you have?

    (What- Adjective)

    2) a) Which is the better? (Pronoun

    b) Which book is the better? (Ad

    3) a) Whose is the book? (Pronoun

    b) Whose book is this? (Adjectiv

    c) Where, when- N Adverbs.since when, by when o-ppronoun. When and where conjunctions.

    d) Why- p Pronoun 3) Question words relative prono

    Lq : Two or mortences L- -N He bought a car. The car is blu

    . p, The cahe bought is blue ; 'Wh-?

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    -C- 19 -d 2007 - j

    Srikar: You look tired. Where have you been?

    (y -x E-h-o. \-o?)

    Sritej: Out, playing cricket.

    (v- --o, .)Srikar: You have been out for a long time?

    Have you been playing for long?

    ( x . --o?)

    Sritej: Today out of the six hours since midday

    I have played for three hours.

    (y uo * p- 6

    x, .)Srikar: Did Vijai play today?(y N ?)

    Sritej: He has been out of town for three days

    now. I don't know when he will be back.

    ( V x . Sx AJ-h L-.)

    Srikar: But he didn't play in the last match

    either. He was in town then, wasn't he?

    (- u-- -. px o ?)

    Sritej: He wasn't well then. Out of concern for

    his health his dad told him to take rest.

    (p-E x . E ux -lx oNvA B--

    o.)Srikar: He is a very

    good player,

    isn't he?

    ( * ?)Sritej: Yea. You can say that. Out of the ten

    selected for the state team, he is the

    only player from our area.

    (. *a. Z d j 10C v * jC \)

    Srikar: I hear that he is out of favour with your

    captain. Is that true?

    Sritej: Yea. He is all for keeping him out of the

    team. He is afraid Vijai might be made

    captain in his place.

    (. Eo d -E C. n N- dhE E .)

    Srikar: That's bad for the game.

    (C *C .)Sritej: A lot of players are anxious to have him

    as our captain. That is adding to the fear

    of the present captain.

    (-C } N- d-E -v o. C pd Eo \ hC.)

    Srikar: I think Vijai will be made the captain

    before the year is out.

    ( q *J- N- dh--.)

    Sritej: I wish they did. He deserves to be the

    captain.

    ( h C. d |.)

    Srikar: What about Vijai himself? What does

    he feel about captaincy?( N ? ---o d N J*?)

    Sritej: He keeps out of this. He doesn't just

    bother about it. All that he does is to play

    to his ability.

    ( Lp-. Fo d-. -x h-- .)

    Srikar: I wish him the best of luck. He is a gem

    of a player.

    (E -%d-L -E J. o.)

    English conversation -N-out -J* --, Lesson. Out - .Out , 'out of', combi-nation\ NE- hC. -s p J-Q-L-l ?Look at the following sentences

    from the conversation above.

    1) Out, playing cricket

    2) You have been out for a long time

    3) Out of six hours since midday I've played for

    three hours.

    4) He has been out of town

    5) Out of concern for his health his dad told him

    to take rest.

    6) Out of the ten selected for the state team.

    7) ... he is out of favour with your captain.

    8) He is all for keeping him out of the team.

    No. 1, 2 and 4 sentences -E. Oxout

    n: x E.(Opposite - 'in'

    x )Rafi : Is your father in?

    (O o -x o?)Sunil: I'm afraid, no. He is out on some

    important business. He has been out

    for an hour now.

    (. u-i E-O --x . - x -/ -Rx C).

    Out of town = x - ( j, l -i,out of town .out of city, in city NE-.)

    Out of station - p. xn expression, English .

    a) My dad has been out of town for

    two days now =

    o- vV x .

    b) Who says he is out of town. He is very

    much in = -o. x E *ax o.

    C -E.An out of towner = J h-/ J

    * *a-.My uncle is an out of towner here =

    uncle J h (stranger)/ JC--.A goofing out of towner = J h x - - x, - -x,J p-x.

    An out of town guest =

    J-* *a AC.Sentences No.3 and 6:

    Out of = ()a) Out of the six hours of leisure

    hours watching the TV =

    NvA -, 3h .

    b) Out of the ten players selec

    state team =

    Z d C c) Out of the six best in the class

    top =

    class E - h t u-h.

    d) She score a hundred out of a

    (\ \-

    \--e) They we

    get only

    ten points

    C points 5 points v Sentence No 5:

    Out of concern for = l x.a) Out of fear no one opened his

    x Np-b) Out of pity I helped him,

    ungrateful =

    L/ L- x %o.

    7) Out of favour = G p-a) This fashion is out of favou

    youth now = fashion p p-C./ p

    b) The MLA is out of favour with

    MLA u-vA p-.

    Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht

    He has been out of townHe has been out of town

    x--x-- 346

    M.SURESAN

    v o: inundate, submerge,maroon O N-? pV, No

    :Inundate = Fx v EoJh J/p-.Flood waters inundated the

    whole area = v h Fx p- /vN/ J.Inundate n, Nj .Requests for more information inundated our

    office = J - - u-n office / u-n- office E-T-C. -E: Inundate h vC.Submerge: - Inundate v Fx -v h-j, vj-.

    The fields were submerged by the flood

    water = Fx E-T-.\ Submerge = inundate. sub-merge vj, h-j-/ n -C.As she poured the coffee, the sugar cubes

    were submerged under it = coffeeh cubes E-T

    -.Maroon = Et--u-i p-O- C-.a) When the ship sailed off without him, he

    was marooned on the island = Rx- , Et--u-i Dy J -.

    b) Our car brokedown at the dead of night

    and we were marooned where we did not

    know = lvA T- - , J Et- u v , \L-,

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    - 21 - d 2007 - j

    Snehit: Why do you go on needling Karthik the

    way you do?

    ( J Kh- p ?)

    needle= JE J* p E NT

    Vaibhav: Keep out of this, Snehi. This no way

    concerns you.

    (DE y Lp-. F C* N.)

    concern = Snehit: I don't want two of my friends crossing

    swords with each other. That's what I

    am concerned about.

    ( o-L-l x-- -. C L-ThC.)

    be concerned = -.I am concerned about my father's health =

    o u L-ThC.cross swords = x-

    Vaibhav: you are out to help him I know. You

    have always liked him better than

    me.

    (- -E F. p Fd.)

    Snehit: Come on

    Vaibhav. You

    must be out ofyour mind to

    say that. I just

    want you to

    stay out of trouble. That's all. Karthik

    can some times dangerous.

    (F a\-x C. y sx E J. .Kh \\p v )

    Vaibhav: You could warn Karthik as well.

    ( N y Kh pa .)

    Snehit: (Are) you sure that I haven't? I've told

    him very strongly to avoid a show

    down with you. That's why he isn't pro-

    voked even when you try to.

    ( p-E F ? d p, F a lAlE. y adEv-Ao-* *a--o.)

    showdown = a--( -o N/ x N.)provoke = ad/ Ny.

    Vaibhav: If he was so much for having it out

    with me why did you stop him? If as

    you say he can be dangerous, so can

    I be. In fact, I've been looking forward

    to a confrontation with him.

    ( a---E -, y . y-od v , v --. -E "a-E p- --o.)

    confrontation- -v \- " (x).showdown, confrontation -

    --i . practice .Snehit: Look here, Vaibhav. I am leaving here

    for good before the year's out. So

    before I leave, I want to see you as

    friends.

    (. q h-u-- Rx-o. x O lJo o- E J.)

    for good= yVaibhav: Good luck.

    Keep trying.

    (Good luck.

    v-Aoh)

    uses of out/ out of J-Q-L-ho, N J-Eo -s lesson J-Q-Ll.Look at the following sentences

    from the conversation above.

    1) Keep out of this.

    2) You are out to help him.

    3) You must be out of your mind to say that.

    4) I just want you to stay out of trouble.

    5) If he was so much for having it out with me,

    why did you stop him?

    6) I am leaving here for good before the year is

    out1) Keep out of something =

    j N u / Lp- .

    a) Let me keep out of this affair between the

    cousins. I don't want to have my fingers

    burnt =

    cousins u u Lp---. a--.

    b) The police have warned him to keep out of

    the group clashes =

    _ --x Lp-lE M oaJ.

    c) When his mother and wife start arguing he

    keeps out of it =

    Lx, u --- Lp--Keep out- () vP /vP lE p.

    a) 'unsafe building, keep out' =

    Building~-/ --nA C.vP.b) 'Private property.

    Keep out' =

    C private n.vP.

    -u C aJ- .2) You are out to help him

    Out to do some thing =

    E--- d Eg/voOut for some thing =

    Eo E d Eg/vo

    a) He is out to take revenge on you =

    F O ~ Ba- Eg/ vob) She is out to make it good in computers =

    computers --E Eg/vo.

    make it good= C) He is out only for one thing and that is

    money =

    E vo s.3) Out of one's mind =

    a\/ n xa) You must be out of your mind to think you

    can ever become a minister =

    y vAN --, C Fb) Any one who says politicians are

    out of their mind =

    - E---B*ax.

    4) Stay out of trouble =

    sx a) I don't want to do any busines

    staying out of trouble =

    u -, E.

    b) You'd better stay out of all this =

    Nx y Lp-. n D, Keep out of, .

    5) Have it out =

    /a

    a) Why do y

    Have it o y? a.

    b) Unable to bear the insults any

    wanted to have it out with his bos

    - J boss a--o.

    6) before the years out = (year is

    q .

    before the day/ the week/etc is out = V/ --/ -, e

    a) He had finished reading the nove

    day was out =

    V -

    b) The company had sold out all stoweek was out =

    \- company

    c) He got the next promotion befor

    was out =

    C A- yA promoti

    Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht

    YYou arou are out to help hime out to help him

    x--x-- 347

    M.SURESAN

    v o: u--kx -*F \J Ethv o Even if I die athousand times, I will

    be born once again for

    you E .

    u E--, imagi-nation/ impossible, - i N- IIconditionL ? answer Even if Idied a thousand times, I would be born

    once again for you C !NJ.

    ., K--: O correct. future imaginary

    -p, if I die - p-.But your sentence 'If I died...', certainly

    better. Thank you for pointing it out.

    v o:i) Sew, Sow, Brew, Strew- a, v NJ. C -u- -- - -- -.

    ii) Every tide has its ebb.

    iii) All men are mortal.

    iv) Either way, it is good.

    v) The harder I work, The greater is the

    pleasure.

    vi) Men may come, and men may go but. I

    go on for ever.

    . u, : i) Sew - Sou - ; sow - ;

    brew - (v) stew - duii) p -C.iii) fl ---x/ E-

    uiv) i - ( Nx)v) y d/ vNh, .

    vi) -fl a, a. F p-T-.

    v o: i) v , Tenses * h-Eo *-. ii) Tx C-N-p sentence Jh n .DE N? iii) Should, would, will Future would forms p, -sx -T NJ.

    X, j: i) Living English structure by Stannard

    Allen (with key) = O-T N O - h.

    ii) - v( x) n -C.iii) Should, Would, Will.... O - N lessons explain . .

    v o: 1. Give some examples of post mentionwords. Whether post mention words are

    used in formal English?

    2. Whether the sentence- "I still

    locking the door" - conveys p

    . --: 1. Examples of Post ment

    (Words formed by comb

    meaning and the sound of tw

    existing words)

    a) Edutainment -

    Education + Ent

    (Nu b) Infotainment -

    Information + Enter

    -c) concerpt- concert + exce

    K* B 2) I still remember locking th

    does convey a past action

    remember to have locke

    locked the door - convey

    action more clearly.

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    23 -d 2007 j

    Hemang: What's biting you? For God's sake

    out with it!

    (N- --o? -p!)

    Tushar: My secret is out. My uncle, of all the

    people my uncle, has come to know

    of my affair with Mahima.

    ( u --C. u o N, -u, J , -u L-C.)

    Hemang: Does he know you intend to marry

    her too?

    (y Rx - l -o- E ?)

    Tushar: Why don't you hear me out? There

    was a big scene at home yesterday.

    Mom, dad and he hit the roof when I

    told them that I want to marry her.

    (pC Jh N ? Eo lscene x. Rx--- v--.)

    hit the roof = NK-i Hemang: You told them that?

    (C p y x.)Tushar: I told them that wasn't for a marriage

    with Purnima, My uncle's daughter.

    Reason - I'm against marriage

    between

    blood rela-

    tions. So is

    Purnima for

    that matter.

    Hemang: What hap-

    pened then?

    (iC y?)Tushar: Even before I could finish, my uncle

    walked out the door in a huff. My

    parents haven't cooled down yet. I

    brought my mom some fruits and she

    just threw them out the window.

    ( x Jh -u NN B-E Rx- . t,o x-. t x a. E * N

    -C.)

    Hemang: What about your dad?(O o ?)Tushar: He wouldn't talk to me. He was sit-

    ting in silent anger in his room, with

    the lights out.

    ( x . x C lightsp ao.)

    Hemang: What does Mahima say about it all?

    ( C DEo J*?)

    Tushar: She hasn't yet come to know of this

    ( -C L-.)Hemang: Talk to your people once again about

    it.

    (Sx O x J x.)Tushar: That's what I am trying to do.

    ( vo Oo.)

    Out/ out of N- ---o. lesson J-EoE l.Look at the following sentences from the

    conversation above:

    1) For God's sake, out with it.

    2) My secret is out.

    3) Why don't you hear me out?

    4) My uncle walked out the door.

    5) She throw them out the window.

    6) He was sitting in his room, with the lights out.

    1) Out with it =

    d ( N/ u N---d-E --E- .)

    a) You seem to be hav-

    ing something in

    mind. Come on, out

    with it =

    F - o-x C. F, p/ -d.

    b) Is something bothering you? Why

    don't you out with it?

    j Eo -h?- p?

    c) He was out with his intentions

    finally =

    *J l- -d.d) After a long interrogation she was out

    with it =

    vPo* y, N-dC.

    2) My secret is out = u --.a) Your secret is out. We know everything

    about you =

    F u --C. F J* .

    b) How much money he has is a secret, but

    soon it will be out =

    _ sD u. F Cy ---C / -hC.

    3) Hear (somebody) out =

    h-oC Jh/ *J- Na) She complains that the judge hasn't heard

    her out =

    Judge pC *J N-E hC.

    b) Though they heard me out patiently they

    didn't change their opinion =

    pC *J x No-p-, Gv-- x a.

    C ;Fight it out - ay/ x y NEo/ N-Eo a--/J\J-.

    a) She wants to fight it out with her

    neighbours = ---xa -- - - - - -C (a/x y)

    b) We were tired. We left them to

    fight it out = . a- E x C- . (J-\ u)

    c) How long this suspense? Let's fight it out

    with them = C-l? J x , a-. (a/x x)

    4) and 5) Out the door; out the window

    1) Out the door = out of the door = y*2) Out the window = out of the window =

    *Out of the door, Out of the window - xout of , , u Spoken/Colloquial (u--J) English out (of) v NEhC. p - out of ( * , y * n) , out -o.

    a) He threw the books out the windo

    h- * - N

    (Out of the window )

    b) She looked out the window =

    * - C.

    (Out of the window )

    c) As the car broke down, they all

    car (out of the car ) and begit =

    -T- x * C--d.

    6) With the lights out =

    D

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    -C- 26 -d 2007 - j

    Nischit: We are really out of luck. We are just

    a few minutes late. All the tickets have

    been sold out.

    (C -%d. Cl EN- v-u a. Eo qtj-.)

    Manjit: That means the movie is out for the

    coming week, as we are busy through

    it. We can see the movie only next

    week.

    ( V Ed, - BJ-.)

    Nischit: Yea. It's out of the question. I doubt if

    we could make it the next week either.

    I have to visit my cousin who lives at a

    little out of the way village in

    Diviseema.

    (. v h C. a C . - CN h - v >- L.)

    Manjit: You are certainly going out of your

    way to meet him.

    (h \ v B-o o.)

    Nischit: I have to,

    because we

    used to be

    very close

    when we went

    to school. He

    has been a bit

    out of sorts for the past few weeks.

    Something is seriously wrong. His son

    called me yesterday and told me of it.

    ( xL, p. o x , \x. Cl -yn o . h BviN. x s Eo p.)

    Manjit: Didn't he visit you a few months ago

    here?

    (Cl Eo E\ a. ?)

    Nischit: That's the guy. He came here to buy

    some tractor spares and a good TV set.

    (. vd N , * TVE \ a.)

    Manjit: There was some argument between

    you. Finally he proved you were out in

    calculations, and as a result the bill

    for the tractor parts was out by over

    Rs 100 to Rs.125.

    (O lJ u J-TC. *J F \ pF, E L-vd p d q Gx , A \jE L-.)

    Nischit: Exactly. But we got back the hundred

    odd rupees from the tractor spares

    dealer. This friend of mine was quite

    happy but we had to spend a hundred

    rupees on transport to get the money

    back.

    Manjit: Life is like that you know.

    (@N .)

    Out a expressions J-Q-Lho .Conversations - - / NEJEoexpressions p l.Look at the following expressions from the

    conversations above:

    1) We are really out of luck.

    2) That means the movie is out for the coming

    week.

    3) It's out of the question.

    4) I've to see a cousin of mine who lives at a lit-

    tle out of the way vil-

    lage in Diviseema.

    5) You are certainly go

    out of your way to

    meet him.

    6) He has been a bit out of sorts for

    the past few weeks.

    7) Finally he proved you were out in

    calculations.... bill... was out by Rs

    100 to Rs 125.

    1) Out of luck=

    %d -/ -%da) We were out of luck. We got

    there too late to see our favourite hero =

    %d . u- u, G .

    b) She was out of luck to miss the seat just

    by one mark =

    \ \ \ d -%d.

    2) The movie is out for the coming week=

    V movie d/ .Out (\) = / -.a) Cricket is out for us for the coming two

    weeks because of exams =

    K-~ x v /

    / .b) Coaching was out because we didn't finda suitable coach =

    j P~- - P~ -C/P~ u-/ P~ -C.

    c) Walking is out for him four weeks as his

    knee is in bandage =

    L d x 4 .

    3) Out of the question = Not possible/ not

    allowed=

    u / U.a) You want me to go

    to the wedding in

    these clothes. It is

    out of the question =

    h- Rx x ? C-E E/ *a E-.

    b) Helping the fellow again is out of

    the question=

    Sx - (u).

    c) A poor man becoming a minister?

    That's out of the question =

    H- vA ? u.4) out of the way place =

    - , v y -E / E

    a) Sorlagondi is an out of the way village onthe coast in Krishna district =

    xC %g >x v-B \ E .

    b) Just for social service he started his hos-

    pital in an out of the way town =

    ~u \ - xpvA d.

    5) Go out of your way (to do some

    Go out of somebody's way (to

    thing) \-E E v- C spoken English .a) He went out of his way to

    stranger =

    J-*- ---\ .

    b) She went out of her way to h

    tant cousin get a job =

    u \-E v- C. ( --\--

    6) Be out of sorts = * a) She was o

    after the lon D` v * -C

    b) I feel out of sorts in his prese

    sC c) He was out of sorts with himse

    ing the work =

    E u E C.

    7) Out in (something) = p/ -a) You are out in your counting =

    F \ p/ y p \b) Your guess is out by more tha

    F p u C/ u - (

    F .c) The contractor's bill is out by arupees =

    ~ - vd Gx.

    Fo simple expressions - versation simple ,

    Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht

    It's out of the questionIt's out of the question

    v o: C -u- -Tx -- .

    1. -- (A--E)y?

    2. sE -d.3. -E E

    .4. *a- .5. o A?6. Eo h- --L.7. L.8. E h B--.9. -E ad.10. B-- E URxC.11. d Z -a.12. s a.13. T s y .

    >. E, K--

    --: 1. Shall I give you a banana to eat?2. I put (laid) baby to bed.

    3. I'll not show him the movie (O Ox). I will not let him see themovie (E- y). I will not take him tothe movie (B-x/ -).

    4. Only he must have written this nonsense.

    5. Will you/ would you eat? (would- better)6. We must know the prices of all articles.

    7. We must see if (whether) she is in the shop

    or not.

    8. I took Ramu upto that post/ pillar.

    9. I seated the baby/ I had the baby seated.

    10. Geetha has gone to fetch Latha.

    11. The Maoists have given a call for a bandh

    tomorrow/ have called for a bandh tomor-

    row.

    12. He gave me money even before I asked

    him.

    13. Though I have asked for the money he is

    not giving it.

    v o: 1. He is determined = Eg-f... NJ.

    2. A number of buses, a lot of buses. u u N-?

    3. I felt happy on seeing him; I felt happy by

    seeing him C correct?4. He remind me of the money I owed him

    E -C. He reminded me E L? - u p-. p He has reminded me of the money Iowed himE L ?

    5. %d B-h u B-.6. fx C.7. C.8. O F- ~ u-

    Tx pL? , x

    --: 1. He is determined - \ deter-mined past participle , C condi-tion --C, passive B.

    n, determined (Ea-/ o / L-T-- ) He is interested = h (- ).

    2. A lot of buses = A number of buse

    3. I felt happy seeing him -D corre4. He reminded me, correct. He rem

    D,Time

    p-,has reminded

    -sEo d, situation tim p a. Past d correct. eg: I saw him yesreminded me of the money. (\day E p . pstated. p, Past doing wsimple) correct.

    5. If you bring it to our notice we

    action.

    6. Something has come in the way.

    7. The gate is/ has been closed.

    8. Why are you so vindictive against

    Why are you so angry with me?

    x--x-- 349

    M.SURESAN

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    - 28 d 2007 - j

    Nischala: What do you know of him?

    ( J* F ?)Vignana: Who are you talking of?

    (y J J* x--o?)Nischala: Of your friend's cousin, Virup.

    (O o-L > N J*.)Vignana: How does he interest you?

    (x F h?)Nischala: He has been proposed to me, dad

    says.

    ( E B-aEo -o.)

    propose = Rx vA-C.He proposed his daughter to his col-

    league's son =

    JE uT -vA-C Rx -o-.

    Vignana: So you are getting married. congrats!

    ( Rx ---o- o .G.)

    Nischala: A friend of my parent's has brought

    up the proposal. Nothing certain yet.

    ( q v Eo B- a. -/.)

    Vignana: I know Virup

    well. He is

    the elder of

    the two sonsof their par-

    ents. He

    stands 5'9''

    or there abouts and is quite good

    looking. He has a good job that fetch-

    es him a handsome salary. What

    else can you ask for?

    ( . l -x l-. h 5'9''a. -. * @ au. L F?)

    There abouts = / Nischala: This is the first of the guys coming to

    see me.

    (o Rx- ho - uh -.)

    Vignana: I'm sure there won't be another,

    because I haven't any doubt about

    your liking each other. Certainly you

    are made for each other.

    (- Eo --E t, OJ-l o dx . OJ-l-, -.)

    Made for each other= - - J--Nischala: Hope so. Dad wants to make sure of

    the family background before mov-

    ing further.

    ( P-ho. x N- J* *a -----o o.)

    Vignana: All the members of the family are

    good. I can assure your father of it.

    They live at a distance of a kilometre

    from our home.

    (x *x O o EoJ* y. * -O- -x.)

    Nischala: They are coming to see me on the

    evening of Sunday. Won't you be

    around?

    (x o - C-v h-o. y-?)

    Vignana: Why me, of all? If you so wish I'll be

    there, don't worry. But of which group

    I am going to be, I'm not certain.

    (? y --hx. vK y. J ~L C L--.)

    Nischala: You are my

    classmate,

    so you are

    there for me.

    (y x-N d,y -.)

    Vignana: Just dont worry. He is a

    gem of a man and the oth-

    ers are very good as well.

    ( -. - *, * x.)

    Nischala: Bye then, Viggy.

    In this lesson we are going to study the uses

    of the preposition 'of'. O --? 'of'

    - NE-hC English conversation .Study the following sentences from the

    conversation above

    1) What do you know of him?

    2) Who are you talking of?

    3) A friend of my parent's has brought up the

    proposal.

    4) He is the elder of the two sons.

    5) This is the first of the guys.

    6) Dad wants to make sure of the family back-

    ground.

    7) All the members of the family.

    8) On the evening of sunday.

    Sentences (1) and (2) Know of, talking of =

    Ja, J* n - .

    of, about. N interchangeable - Ja n -p, of a about a.a) What do you know of/ about him? =

    E J* F?b) What did he talk of/ about me?=

    J* x?

    c) He says this of you /about you =

    Eo J* -C-o.

    3) A friend of my parent's =

    my parent's friend = Lxvo

    x 'of' C, \,C* E n hC. u fl \ ,of , 's (Apostrophe and s)\ .

    a) A friend of my brother/ My brother's friend

    was here yesterday =

    Eo v o- -\--o.b) From the look of these houses we can say

    that they are of the rich =

    x Eo d p- N - E.-fl N \ (possession/ own-ership) E -p, of 's better.

    The books of my friend = my friend's books

    - x of , 's' \ C.The books on the table are my friend's =

    - -O o h- o-N =The books on the table are of my friend/

    are of my friend's.

    v E h- - 's . 'of' v

    .

    The legs of the table (Table's legpages of the book (The book's

    , , v , 's i-C

    a) Hyderabad's software compani

    jobs to tens of thousands of peop

    j-- -E d F u- Lp-h-o.

    b) APSRTC's fleet of buses carry la

    sengers everyday across the stat

    ...... C q~-C v- Z B--

    fleet = A group of buses/ lorries /

    Sentences 4 and 5; the elder o

    of, etc.

    J/ (position) -.a) He is the

    Indians to

    seas=

    v Bx v(He is the first Indian E

    b) This is 45th episode of the serial

    J-- C 45 . -E: \of = c) Sahadeva is the youngest of the P

    x *o-.6) Sure of / certain of = N

    d L / t a) Are you sure of success =

    N O F t ?

    b) He is not sure of attending the m Rx J* .Sure of sure about E

    7) _ N-A o uhe.g.: The members of a family, the

    a class / of a college, the le

    group,

    8) The evening of sunday/ the

    monday/ the evening of 11th Oct

    V/-K l, uN p of

    Spoken English u -x --.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.ht

    He is a gem of a man

    v o: C n, -.i) far off ii) as if iii) derrick iv) else -sx -T a. e.g. no one else.

    v) through fare vi) smoke scent vii)pot pies viii) For the time being ix) and so,

    x) or so xi) any one else, xii) is n't that so

    u , --: i) far off= distant= -i. Far Off

    places = i v. , , The place isfar off . Far Off p , , n, not .

    My College is n't far off from my home =

    College - * . Distant E F,

    - a long way off E F. Eo , A long way off= , \.

    The place is a long way off = v The place isn't far off= (_)

    (ii) As if= x, F . He talks as if healone was correct. ( \ jxx J ) As though/ As if- , lessons NJ .

    iii) Derrick= 1) iCrane. 2) (Petroleum) E~--o xbore Drill aPlatform.

    iv) Also -J* N Lessons NJ..

    v) Thorough fare (through fare)= A Public Road.

    vi) Smoke Scent, vii) Pot pies ox. N Sentence, s L-

    .viii) For the time being = vh--E.ix) And so = dx) Or so= .

    It costs Rs 1000/- or so. C -u --/ -u - v C.He weights 70 Kgs or so= 70-@ -a.

    xi) Any one else = - j.Anyone else would not have done it= - C - .( x no oneelse would have done it, better)

    xii) Is that not so? = ?

    He told you of it. Is that not so

    (Isn't that so?) = C F p. ?/ ?

    -v o: 1. o o Lxv--t .2. F Nv y

    t % u- Tx Kh

    ---: 1. I shall be indebted life lonlife to my parents (who gav

    life).

    2. It's my fortune to have a friend like

    blessed to have a friend like yo

    rewarded to have a friend like you

    x Christians d x yt )

    x--x-- 350

    M.SURESAN

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    13/13

    30 d 2007 j

    Dharani: Your dress is really marvellous.

    Where did you buy it and how much

    is it?

    (F dress s C. \o? o?)

    marvellous- ' \ - =si

    Vidushi: I bought it at Quick Sale for a dis-

    count, of course. They knocked 20%

    off the dress. So I got it for Rs. 400

    less.

    (Quick Sales discount o.Dress 20 T_.- x 400 - \- *aC.)

    Dharani: Where is this shop?

    ( shop \?)Vidushi: Near Governorpet branch of State

    Bank of India, fifty yards off the main

    road.

    (State Bank of India Governorpet

    branch _. Main Road * 50 )

    Dharani: I'd like to have a look at the dresses

    too. How about going this evening?

    ( \ dresses -o. y v l?)

    Vidushi: I'm afraid I

    can't make it

    this evening.

    I've to take

    my younger

    brother to

    hospital. He fell off his bike this morn-

    ing.

    (y v . t o pvA B--}L. Bike OC* -f .)

    Dharani: How badly is he hurt?

    ( Bv T?)hurt = -/ x -

    Vidushi: Fortunately they are minor injuries.

    Just a few bruises.

    (%d h *o *o . \\U-C.)

    bruise = (v , size -) -U

    / x t *- Dharani: Sorry to hear that.

    (C N-E C)

    Vidushi: Though no fractures or sprains, his body

    is aching a lot. I am sure he has to be off

    duty for the coming two to three days.

    N- () - -, x p C. , V office xE t)

    fracture- va / x N-.sprain- vp- /

    Dharani: Where was he going?

    (\ h-o?)Vidushi: He was on his way to our village 20

    Km off Guntur.( * 20 .O. o v-E h-o)

    Dharani: OK. We're getting right off the sub-

    ject. When shall we go to the dis-

    count shop? When can you come?

    ( . N C- . discount shop pl? p y?)

    Vidushi: Why can't we

    go tomorrow

    afternoon?

    ( uol)

    Dharani: OK. That suits me fine. I'm

    off. ( . O-C. ho.Bye.)

    C - J , les-son off n, ----o.Off - - English conversation. Off y--i n , E - E. - , a, Ao , E h-C E p,- , a, A . xEnglish off .1) He ate the whole fruit =

    h Ao.

    He ate off the whole fruit =

    h A .2) He came from Chennai =

    j o * a.He came off from the place =

    \o* a.3) Finish the work - E Jh .

    Finish off the work = E Jh .p off o N n, -l. Look at the following sentences

    from the conversa-

    tion above.

    1) They knocked 20%

    off the dress.

    2) ... fifty yards off the

    main road

    3) He fell off his bike

    4) He has to be off duty for the com-

    ing two to three days.

    5) He was on his way to our village

    20 km off Guntur.

    6) I'm off.

    1. Off the dress/ off the original

    price = T_.a) They knocked 50% off the original price =

    50 T_ .b) You can get it at 25% off the price it is

    usually sold at - J--E-C 25 \ -C.

    c) He is 3 to 4 Kgs off his weight a week

    ago- v E - 3, 4 _.

    2. Off the main road =

    Off a place = away from a place

    v E / a) He lives in Dilsukhnagar, a k

    the main road to the east.

    C C, map .O. .

    b) It is village off Guntur -

    L v.c) It is an island off the coast of

    Bengal =

    B-E h 3. fall off = C -

    a) The gale caused all the fruits t

    tree = --L (gale - L) xFo

    .b) He hit thard that it f

    off the boun

    Boundary / d d AE.

    4. He has to be off duty for the com

    duty off duty/ off work = NC, E. NC/ E -- - a) I am off college for tomorrow a

    after - , xcolleb) He has been off office for th

    days because of a fever

    vV office 6. I'm off = ho.

    a) I am wanted at home. I'm off =

    -} . hb) He is off = h-o/

    Spoken English URL: http://www eenadu net/spoken/spoken ht

    He fell ofHe fell off his bikef his bike

    v o: 1. With a view toy verb ingaa? phrases a to yverb ing form a?

    2. Lakh, Crorenumbers p singu-lar L, p plural L?

    3. Barely, hardly, scarcely- N --n

    , interchange a? .. u, N--

    -:1. With a view to ( -l ) y p

    '... ing' form v hC.With a view to owning a house, we are sav-

    ing money =

    x/ x C l , s -oWith a view to avoiding the heat of summer

    we are going to Kashmir=

    N d Qt -o.

    2. Hundred, Thousand, Lakh, Crore .. O u h singular.Two hundred, four thousand, six lakh, eight

    crore, etc. (u- singular) u -C, C, ~-C,xC n plural.Hundreds of students get scholarships =

    -C Nu-n ...Thousands of cars ply on this road =

    C cars road A--.Lakhs of people have seen the movie =

    ~-C v E .Crores of people consider Gandhi a

    mahatma = xC v ...3. Inter change - a. Eo

    -s NN a. barely, hardly before, scarcely when.

    v o: 1. How to teach Xth English mediumEnglish prose and poetry in English?

    2. E- uhEnglish pL?3. I have a half day of school tomorrow. Is it

    correct?

    . P, (..>x)

    -:1. There are no hard and fast rules for the way

    you teach a set of students. Teaching meth-

    ods have to change according to the abilities

    of the students, the number of students, the

    class room atmosphere, etc. But the following

    method may be tried.

    1) Before beginning a lesson- put them some

    questions about the contents of the lesson.

    2) Let them read, on their own, a paragraph

    or a part of a para, if the para is long.

    3) Ask them if they have found answers to

    your questions in the para.4) Ask them to answer your questions.

    5) Then explain the lesson in detail, but

    before that explain the meanings of the

    difficult words.

    If it is a poem, read the whole poem first with

    the necessary pauses. Set the words in

    prose order and read again. Then follow the

    method above.

    2. Expressed protest.

    3. Tomorrow the school is only for half a day/

    The school works only for half a day tomor-

    row.

    v o: 1. '' - not yetENot bought yetE buy yet -d?

    2. No. Only yesterday I came to

    had sold it off. DE off -?

    3. Said that (or) toldhC. Fthat E C-, -d?

    4. -d? E -L?

    . N - - , v (

    -:1. Not yet- DE n, DE J quest

    C. (Not yet= - ---C J questionC). Not bought Yet p.Havbought yet- correct. Not buy yet- C

    2. , t (Nt- ). Sold it off/ a E h--C E h em.

    3. Say, tell differences x N . lessons .

    4. Is it correct? -L.

    x--x-- 351

    M.SURESAN