C 2η διάλεξη

1 () 101 () 101 / & / &

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: : 1155:00:00 -- 1188:00 :00 145.145.4242

113 003 00 16 0016 00 : : 113.00 3.00 -- 16.0016.00

: : 09.00 09.00 --1111.00.00, 145., 145.4242

2

C, Aitken, C, Aitken, Jones Jones ISBN 9605124912ISBN 9605124912 ISBN 9605124912, ISBN 9605124912,

C, EC, E , , Aitken & Jones, ISBN 0Aitken & Jones, ISBN 0--672672--3106931069--44

CC

::http://courses.ced.tuc.grhttp://courses.ced.tuc.gr

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6

/Domain Knowledge

/Compiler/Assembler/Linker /Data

- / /

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(Source Code) .. C

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(C, C++, Java, Pascal, Fortran, Cobol .) :

1. . (functional

requirements analysis).. - (non-

functional requirements analysis).

.................. ............................... .............

2. ( (design specifications).3.

(implementation).4. -

(testing).5. , , (maintenance).

( ( !!!) !!!)

:: (( ) 6000 ) 6000

( .. ).( .. ). 50 ( 50 ( 50 ( 50 ( ) ) . .

11200. 11200.

7 0 1 ( 0 1 ( ) ).. . .

.. . . ( (assemblerassembler)).. :: MOV A, [6000]MOV A, [6000] SUB A, 50SUB A, 50 JG 11200JG 11200

;;

6000 6000 . . 50 50 . . 50, 50, 11200 11200 . .

( (mnemonicmnemonicnamesnames) ) . . ::

MOV A, [FinalMark]MOV A, [FinalMark]SUB A, 50SUB A, 50JG HandleFinalMarkErrorJG HandleFinalMarkError

. .

8 .. .. CC ..

::if (if (FinalMarkFinalMark > 50) > 50)

gotogoto HandleFinalMarkErrorHandleFinalMarkError

::

( (Level of Abstraction)Level of Abstraction)(( )) ( (Programmatic paradigm)Programmatic paradigm) ( (Programmatic structure)Programmatic structure)

(programmatic variable types)(programmatic variable types)

((C, Fortran, Cobol, C, Fortran, Cobol, Pascal, Pascal, AdaAda, Java ), Java )..

(8086, (8086, P3, Motorola 6000) P3, Motorola 6000) ..

0 1. 0 1.

( (C, ModulaC, Modula--22 .). .).

((imperative/algorithmic/procedure oriented)imperative/algorithmic/procedure oriented) proceduresprocedures.. ((functional languages) functional languages) . . ((object oriented languages) object oriented languages) (encapsulate) (encapsulate) (methods) (methods) objects objects instances instances of classes of classes ( (data fields) data fields) . . (logic programming languages) (logic programming languages) , , . .

9

. .

( (Strongly Typed).Strongly Typed). . . . . ( (Weakly Typed).Weakly Typed). . . (Static typing).(Static typing). . . ( (Dynamic typingDynamic typing).). . .

C C . .

:: ( ) ( ) . . (.. , (.. , .). .). ( (librarylibrary)) ((compiledcompiled) ) , , ( (linkedlinked) ) . . , , . , . , ( (includeinclude) ) . .

LIB 1 LIB 2 LIB 3

Include

& &

CCCC

10

CC Dennis Ritchie Dennis Ritchie Bell Labs USA Bell Labs USA to 1972to 1972.. UNIX.UNIX. EE . . American American National Standards Institute (ANSI)National Standards Institute (ANSI) CC ANSI standard C.ANSI standard C.

CCH C H C .. .. C C .. C C . .

CCH C H C . . C C . . ..

CC C C .. CC C C Java, C++, Java, C++, ..

11

(source code)(source code) . . . . . . . .c.c.

C:C:

##includeinclude

/

-

##include include mainmain()(){{

printfprintf(Hello World!)(Hello World!);;}}

main

printf stdio (standard output)

AKOMH ENA AKOMH ENA CC ((hello.chello.c):):

##include include mainmain()()mainmain()(){{

printfprintf(Hello World(Hello World!!));;}}

Hello world! Hello world! . .

. . .. compiler.compiler.

12

C C compiler compiler . . 1.1. -- ((hello.chello.c):): ( (

compiler)compiler) -- ( (prepre--processor). processor). -- : : ,, ,, ((source codesource code)). . -- #. #. #include stdio.hstdio.h #include. . -- ##..

2.2. (hello.obj (hello.obj hello.ohello.o)):: TT object codeobject code ( ( ) ) 3.3. ( (linking linking hello.exehello.exe)):: ( ) ( ) (.. . (.. .exe)exe) ..

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1.1. . .2.2. , , ( (compiler) compiler) . .3.3. . .

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1.1. O O ( ( ) . ) . . .

11 ##include include 22 mainmain()()33 {{44 printfprintf(Hello World(Hello World!!))55 }}

C .

1 111 ##include include 22 mainmain()()33 {{44 printfprintf(Hello World(Hello World!!))55 }}

5

hello.c (5) : Error: ; expected

C . 5 4 C 5. .

13

1 111 ##include include 22 mainmain()()33 {{44 printfprintf(Hello World(Hello World!!));;pp (( ));;55 /* /* at the end at the end */*/55 }}

hello.c (4): Error: undefined identifier Hello

hello.c (5): Lexical error: unterminated string

Lexical error: unterminated string

Fatal error: premature end of source file , .

CC

directivesdirectivesmain()main()

{ { variable declarationsvariable declarationsstatementsstatements

}}

CompilerCompiler

OO .. C C . .

#include

intint radius, area;radius, area;

main()main()main()main(){{

printfprintf( Enter radius );( Enter radius );scanfscanf( %d, &radius );( %d, &radius );area = (area = (intint) (3.14 * radius * radius);) (3.14 * radius * radius);printfprintf( ( \\nn\\nAreanArea = %d= %d\\n, area );n, area );return 0; return 0;

}}YY . .

14

? ?#include

main();main();();();{{

printfprintf( Keep looking( Keep looking\\n );n );printfprintf( You will find it );( You will find it );return 0; return 0;

}}

? ?#include

main()main()()(){{

printfprintf( This is a program with a );( This is a program with a );do_itdo_it( problem );( problem );return 0; return 0;

}}

? ? (editor) (editor) ?? AA , , ( (.c).c)?? ??

:: / / / / () () () ()

CC

15

.. :: ( (assignment statement)assignment statement) ( ( g )g ) ( (conditional statements)conditional statements) ( (iterative statements)iterative statements) ( (expression statements)expression statements) ( (;) ;) semicolon semicolon directives directives . .

DIRECTIVESDIRECTIVES --..

::

.. ..##include #include #include myBestLibrary.hmyBestLibrary.h

.. ..#define FREEZING_POINT_CELCIUS 0.0#define FREEZING_POINT_CELCIUS 0.0#define FREEZING_POINT_FARHENEIT 32.0#define FREEZING_POINT_FARHENEIT 32.0##define HALFOF(value) ((value)/2)define HALFOF(value) ((value)/2)

//-- ( (routines, subroutines, routines, subroutines, procedures)procedures) . . . . ((high cohesion) high cohesion) ((low coupling).low coupling).

:: library functions library functions ( )( ) application functions application functions ( ( application functions application functions ( ( )) C C ( ) .. ( ) ..

int i = 0;i = addOne(i);

int addOne(int j){

j = j+1;return (j);

}

mainmain main main C C .. main main C C . . . . main main , , . .

16

, , , , , , .. compiler compiler . . C C /* */ .. /* */ ..

/*/* this is a comment in C */this is a comment in C *//* /* this is a comment in C */this is a comment in C */

. . ( ) .. ( ) ..

/***********************************************/********************************************************************** * Name: Name: main.cmain.c *** Author: John Smith ** Author: John Smith ** Purpose: Translate Celsius degrees to Fahrenheit ** Purpose: Translate Celsius degrees to Fahrenheit ** Date/Version: 12/12/02 v1.1 ** Date/Version: 12/12/02 v1.1 *************************************************************/************************************************************/

C++ C++ Java Java //. //. CC /*/* ..

17

:: -- mainmain

main (main ( 8 8--23)23):: CC. . main () { }main () { } ..

:: -- #include#include

H H include include C C . . . .

::

.. C C . . ..

:: (6) (6) . . . . . .

18

:: //printf(): printf(): . .scanf(): scanf(): . .

tt return: return: x x y y product(). product(). return return 22 22 0 0 . .

! ! , , , , . .

Enter a number between 1 and 100: 35Enter a number between 1 and 100: 35Enter another number between 1 and 100: 23Enter another number between 1 and 100: 23

35 times 23 = 80535 times 23 = 80535 times 23 = 80535 times 23 = 805

#include

void void display_linedisplay_line (void);(void);

main()main(){{

display_linedisplay_line();();printfprintf( ( \\n Teach n Teach YouselfYouself C in 21 daysC in 21 days\\n);n);display_linedisplay_line();();return 0 ;return 0 ;

}}

void void display_linedisplay_line (void)(void){{

intint counter;counter;for(counter = 0; counter

19

#include

main()main()

{{intint ctrctr;;for( for( ctrctr = 65; = 65; ctrctr < 91; < 91; ctrctr++)++)

printfprintf(%c, (%c, ctrctr););

return 0;return 0;

}}

::

/ / / / ( )( )()()

CC

CC: : Directives, Directives, , , , , , , MM

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C 2η διάλεξη

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