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BPix CO 2 Cooling
description
Transcript of BPix CO 2 Cooling
BPix CO2 Cooling
João Noite PH-CMX-DS
BPix Layer #4 Mockup
João Noite PH-CMX-DS Slide 2
BPix Layer #4 Mockup Modification and Single-Phase ΔP at 15°C Operation
João Noite PH-CMX-DS Slide 3
Inlet CapillaryL = 1.86m ID = 0.73mm
DC-DC EvaporatorL = 2.18m ID = 1.82mm
Outlet LineL = 1.7m ID = 2.63mm
CCU2L = 0.7m ID = 1.82mm
CCU1L = 2.18m ID = 1.82mm
BPix EvaporatorL = 4.52m ID = 1.62mm
TT14
TT15
TT16
TT13
TT10
TT11
V.A- +
V.A- +
PT50
MF00PT00
TT00PT10
Inlet
Outlet
TT12
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5 2.75 30
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Mass Flow [g/s]
Pre
ssur
e D
rop
[bar
]
Single Phase Pressure Drop
DP TheoryDP Experimental TT13 added for detector’s inlet HTC
measurement.
Single phase ΔP tests for test setup validation.
Comparison shows very good agreement between measured and calculated.
Test setup fully validated.
+15°C | NSB = 160W | 1.5g/s
João Noite PH-CMX-DS Slide 4
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 1415
15.8
16.6
17.4
18.2
19
Length [m]
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]Test 5 | m = 1.50g/s | Qtotal = 160.46W | dP = 6.75Bar | dT = 2.01°C
dTexp =2.00°CdPexp =6.50bar
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 1450
51.6
53.2
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Pre
ssur
e [B
ar]
Exp. Wall Temperature
Theory Wall TemperatureTheory CO
2 Temperature
Exp. CO2 Pressure
Theory CO2 Pressure
100 150 200 250 300 350
10
20
30
40
50
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-40°C -30°C -20°C -10°C 0°C 10°C 20°C 30°C
Enthalpy [kJ/kg]
Pre
ssur
e [B
ar]
m = 1.50g/s | Qtotal = 160.5W | Pin = 57.69Bar | Tin = 15.05°C | dP = 6.75Bar | xout = 0.62
Experimental:dPcap =5.49bardPdet =1.01bar
------------------------Theory:dPcap =5.14bardPdet =1.53bar
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
100
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S
SW+SLGSW
I AD
M
Vapor Quality
Mas
s V
eloc
ity [k
g/m
2 .s]
G = 577kg/m2.s | q = 2.74kW/m2 | Psat = 52.54Bar | xout = 0.12 | xdryout = 0.70
QDC-DC =34.10W
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
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SSW+SLG
SW
I
B
A
D M
Vapor Quality
Mas
s V
eloc
ity [k
g/m
2 .s]
G = 729kg/m2.s | q = 5.50kW/m2 | Psat = 52.29Bar | xout = 0.62 | xdryout = 0.61
QDetector =126.36W
-20°C | IHL = 193W | 1.5g/s
João Noite PH-CMX-DS Slide 5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14-20
-18.8
-17.6
-16.4
-15.2
-14
Length [m]
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
Test 12 | m = 1.50g/s | Qtotal = 193.41W | dP = 7.07Bar | dT = 4.74°C
dTexp =4.93°CdPexp =7.11bar
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 1419
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25.4
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Pre
ssur
e [B
ar]
Exp. Wall Temperature
Theory Wall TemperatureTheory CO
2 Temperature
Exp. CO2 Pressure
Theory CO2 Pressure
100 150 200 250 300 350
10
20
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-40°C -30°C -20°C -10°C 0°C 10°C 20°C 30°C
Enthalpy [kJ/kg]
Pre
ssur
e [B
ar]
m = 1.50g/s | Qtotal = 193.4W | Pin = 26.87Bar | Tin = -19.84°C | dP = 7.07Bar | xout = 0.47
Experimental:dPcap =4.61bardPdet =2.50bar
------------------------Theory:dPcap =4.83bardPdet =2.11bar
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
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1000
S
SW+SLG
SW
I A
D
M
Vapor Quality
Mas
s V
eloc
ity [k
g/m
2 .s]
G = 575kg/m2.s | q = 3.69kW/m2 | Psat = 22.04Bar | xout = 0.10 | xdryout = 0.76
QDC-DC =45.99W
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
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S
SW+SLGSW
I
B
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D M
Vapor Quality
Mas
s V
eloc
ity [k
g/m
2 .s]
G = 726kg/m2.s | q = 6.41kW/m2 | Psat = 21.80Bar | xout = 0.47 | xdryout = 0.70
QDetector =147.42W
Data Acquisition – Nominal Flow
João Noite PH-CMX-DS Slide 6
0 50 100 150 200 250 30015.8
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16.2
16.4
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Time [s]
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
Test 5 | 1.5g/s | 160.46W
TT10TT11TT12TT13TT14TT15TT16
0 50 100 150 200 250 30050
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Time [s]
Pre
ssur
e [b
ar]
Test 5 | 1.5g/s | 160.46W
PT00PT10PT50
0 50 100 150 200 250 300-18.5
-18
-17.5
-17
-16.5
-16
-15.5
-15
-14.5
Time [s]
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
Test 12 | 1.5g/s | 193.41W
TT11TT12TT13TT14TT15TT16
0 50 100 150 200 250 30019
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Time [s]
Pre
ssur
e [b
ar]
Test 12 | 1.5g/s | 193.41W
PT00PT10PT50
Data Acquisition – Dryout Flow
João Noite PH-CMX-DS Slide 7
0 50 100 150 200 250 300-20
-18
-16
-14
-12
-10
-8
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-2
0
Time [s]
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
Test 14 | 0.78g/s | 193.41W
TT11TT12TT13TT14TT15TT16
0 50 100 150 200 250 30016.1
16.3
16.5
16.7
16.9
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18.118.1
Time [s]
Tem
pera
ture
[°C
]
Test 7 | 1g/s | 160.46W
TT10TT11TT12TT13TT14TT15TT16
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
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S
SW+SLG
SW
I A
D M
Vapor Quality
Mas
s V
eloc
ity [k
g/m
2 .s]
G = 379kg/m2.s | q = 6.41kW/m2 | Psat = 21.17Bar | xout = 0.90 | xdryout = 0.79
QDetector =147.42W
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
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SW+SLGSW
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A D M
Vapor Quality
Mas
s V
eloc
ity [k
g/m
2 .s]
G = 495kg/m2.s | q = 5.50kW/m2 | Psat = 52.02Bar | xout = 0.91 | xdryout = 0.68
QDetector =126.36W
HTC Comparison -20°C vs +15°C
João Noite PH-CMX-DS Slide 8
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
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Tsetpoint = -20°C | m = 1.5g/s | IHL = 193W
Vapor Quality
Hea
t Tra
nsfe
r Coe
ffici
ent [
kW/m
2 .°C
]
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
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S
SW+SLGSW
I
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Vapor Quality
Mas
s V
eloc
ity [k
g/m
2 .s]
G = 729kg/m2.s | q = 6.41kW/m2 | Psat = 19.69Bar | xout = NaN | xdryout = 0.70
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
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SSW+SLG
SW
I
B
A
D M
Vapor Quality
Mas
s V
eloc
ity [k
g/m
2 .s]
G = 729kg/m2.s | q = 6.41kW/m2 | Psat = 50.87Bar | xout = NaN | xdryout = 0.60
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 10
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Tsetpoint = +15°C | m = 1.5g/s | IHL = 193W
Vapor Quality
Hea
t Tra
nsfe
r Coe
ffici
ent [
kW/m
2 .°C
]
Layer #4 | Flow Distribution 15°C vs -20°C
João Noite PH-CMX-DS Slide 9
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5 2.750
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Mass Flow [g/s]
Pre
ssur
e D
rop
[bar
]
L#4 Mockup at 15°C - Inlet Capillary, 0.73mm ID & 1.860m Length
m = 1.51DP = 6.59
m = 1.644DP = 6.59
IHL 192WNHL 188WISB 168WNSB 160WNP 0W
mnominal=mloaded+mliquid× (n−1 )
n=1.51+1.644×3
4=1.61 g/ s
This exercise needs to be done for the remaining pixel layers
B. Verlaat, J. Noite, “Design Considerations of Long Length Evaporative CO2 Cooling Lines”, 10th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Conference on Natural Refrigerants, Delft, The Netherlands, 2012.
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25 2.5 2.750
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m = 1.7DP = 6.12
Mass Flow [g/s]
Pre
ssur
e D
rop
[bar
]
L#4 Mockup at -20°C - Inlet Capillary, 0.73mm ID & 1.860m Length
m = 1.326DP = 6.12
IHL 193WISB 160WNP 0W
mnominal=1.326+1.7×3
4 =1.60 g/ s
Inlet Capillary Sizing
João Noite PH-CMX-DS Slide 10
5bar 7.5bar 10bar 15barLayer Loopname ID [mm] L [m]
+Z Layer #1 L1D1PN & L1D2PF0.6 0.512 0.89 1.267 2.0210.7 1.09 1.89 2.69 4.2950.8 2.08 3.615 5.145 8.21
+Z Layer #2 L2D2PN & L2D1PF0.8 0.13 0.459 0.787 1.4470.9 0.231 0.821 1.412 2.591 0.387 1.377 2.365 4.345
+Z Layer #3
L3D2PN & L3D3PF0.8 0.754 1.645 2.538 4.3250.9 1.34 2.92 4.5 7.671 2.22 4.855 7.49 4.345
L3D4PN & L3D1PF0.8 0.771 1.665 2.559 7.70.9 1.37 2.95 4.5351 2.28 4.91 7.55
+Z Layer #4
L4D1PN & L4D4PF0.8 0.9 1.932 2.965 5.0350.9 1.591 3.42 5.25 8.911 2.64 5.68 8.72
L4D3PN & L4D2PF0.8 1.104 2.135 3.166 5.2350.9 1.95 3.78 5.61 9.271 3.24 6.28 9.33
-Z Layer #1 L1D2MN & L1D1MF0.8 0.54 1.067 1.594 2.6460.9 0.964 1.9 2.836 4.7151 1.61 3.175 4.745 7.88
-Z Layer #2 L2D1MN & L2D2MF0.8 0.474 1.107 1.742 3.010.9 0.844 1.97 3.095 5.3551 1.405 3.285 5.165 8.937
-Z Layer #3
L3D1MN & L3D4MF0.8 0.835 1.727 2.62 4.4060.9 1.48 3.06 4.645 7.811 2.46 5.1 7.735
L3D3MN & L3D2MF0.8 0.75 1.644 2.535 4.320.9 1.33 2.91 4.495 7.6651 2.21 4.85 7.48
-Z Layer #4
L4D2MN & L4D3MF0.8 1.24 2.385 3.535 5.8260.9 2.195 4.22 6.25 10.311 3.642 7.01 10.38
L4D4MN & L4D1MF0.7 0.664 1.261 1.86 3.0560.8 1.271 2.418 3.565 5.8580.9 2.25 4.28 6.31
First theoretical approximation of inlet capillary sizing for all the BPix cooling loops.
Optional 5 to 15bar total pressure drop in the circuit under nominal flow conditions.
Capillary ID and Length can be selected according to the available space at PP0.
Experimental results on Layer #4 indicate that there’s a flow variation of 20% with 6bar pressure drop across the loop.
Extra pressure drop margin needs to be kept for flow balance at the manifold’s level.
Due to manufacturing tolerances, capillary sizing must be tuned using experimental data.