Block Diagrams 17

329
Exciter AC7B and ESAC7B C E R sT + 1 1 Σ Σ REF V S V UEL V + + Σ 1 E sT E K D K π ( ) EX N F f I = C FD N E KI I V = ( ) X E E E V VS V = + + + + + + FE V X V E V EX F FD I FD E Σ Σ Exciter AC7B and ESAC7B IEEE 421.5 2005 Type AC7B Excitation System Model 1 IR DR PR DR K sK K s sT + + + L FE -K V + C V AC7B supported by PSSE ESAC7B supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier RMAX V FEMAX D FD E E E V -K I K +S (V ) π IA PA K K s + AMAX V A V Σ 2 F K 1 F K + + 3 1 F F sK sT + P T KV EMIN V AMIN V RMIN V N I E t IR DR A 1 - V 2 - Sensed V 3 - K 4 - K 5 - V 6 - Feedback States 1 2 3 4 5 6 Speed 1 0 Spdmlt

Transcript of Block Diagrams 17

Exciter AC7B and ESAC7B

CE

RsT+11

Σ Σ

REFV

SV

UELV

+

+

Σ1

EsT

EK

DK

π

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

( )X E E EV V S V=

+

+

+

++

+

FEV

XV

EV

EXF

FDI

FDE

Σ Σ

Exciter AC7B and ESAC7B IEEE 421.5 2005 Type AC7B Excitation System Model

1IR DR

PRDR

K sKKs sT

+ ++

L FE-K V

+

CV

AC7B supported by PSSEESAC7B supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier

RMAXVFEMAX D FD

E E E

V -K IK +S (V )

πIAPA

KKs

+

AMAXV

AV

Σ 2FK

1FK

+

+

3

1F

F

sKsT+

P TK V

EMINVAMINVRMINV

NI

E

t

IR

DR

A

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - K4 - K5 - V6 - Feedback

States

12

3 4

5

6

Speed

10

Spdmlt

Exciter AC8B

RsT+11

Σ 1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

REFV SV

+−

+

+

Exciter AC8B IEEE 421.5 2005 AC8B Excitation System

RVΣ

Model supported by PSSE

COMPV

1

EsT

( )E E EK S V+

DK

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

+

+

EXF

FDI

FDE

Σ

NI

Σ π

FEV

52

E

t

R

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - PID 14 - PID 25 - V

States

3

1

4

FEMAX D FD

E E E

V -K IK +S (V )

EMINV

1IR DR

PRDR

K sKKs sT

+ ++

++

+

UELV OELV

PIDMAXV

PIDMINV

Exciter BBSEX1

3

4

11

sTsT

++ Σ

REFV

Σ1

1 EsT++

Exciter BBSEX1 Transformer-fed Excitation System

RMAXV

RMINV+

Σ+

− +

1

2 2

1 111

TK T sT

− +

2

1

TKT+

Model supported by PSSEVery similar to the model EXBBC supported by PSLF

CE

FDE

T FDMINE E

T FDMAXE E

Switch 0= Switch 1=

SupplementalSignal

11 FsT+

Exciter BPA_EA

TV

RsT+11

1

11 AsT+Σ

REFV

+

−+

Σ1

EsT

E ES K+

+

Exciter BPA_EA Continuously Acting DC Rotating Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

1F

F

sKsT+

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

STBV

FDE

Σ−

+

RMAXV

RMINV

RegulatorExciter

Filter

Stabilizer

FD

t

R

R1

F

1 - E2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

3 4

5

12

Exciter BPA EB

RsT+11

1

11 AsT+Σ

REFV

+

−+

Σ1

EsT

E ES K+

+

Exciter BPA EB Westinghouse Pre-1967 Brushless Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

1F

F

sKsT+

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

STBV

FDEΣ−

+

RMAXV

RMINV

Regulator Exciter

Filter

Stabilizer

1

11 FsT+

FDMAXE

FDMINE 0=

TV

FD

t

R

R1

F

F1

1 - E before limit2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 - V

States

3 4

5

12

6

Exciter BPA EC

1

11 AsT+Σ

REFV

+

+

Σ1

EsT

E ES K+

+

Exciter BPA EC Westinghouse Brushless Since 1966 Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

1F

F

sKsT+

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

STBV

FDEΣ−

+

RMAXV

RMINV

Regulator Exciter

Stabilizer

FDMAXE

FDMINE 0=

E ES K+

TV3

4

12

FD

R

R1

F

1 - E before limit2 - V3 - V4 - V

States

Exciter BPA ED

Exciter BPA ED SCPT Excitation System Model

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

RsT+11

Σ

REFV

SV

+

−+

Σ1

EsT+

+

FDE

RVΣ−

+

20.78

If 1, 0

FD

THEV

B

IAV

A V

⋅= > =

1F

F

sKsT+

0

BMAXV

BV

THEV P T I TV K V jK I= +

1 A−FDI

Σ+

EK

π

1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

1

11 AsT+

Stabilizer

Regulator Exciter

'TV

TV

TITHEVV

3 4

5

12

t

A

R

1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - Feedback

States

Exciter BPA EE

'TV

REFV

+

Σ1

EsT

E ES K+

+

Exciter BPA EE Non-Continuously Active Rheostatic Excitation System Model

'

1A

RH

KsT

+

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

FDE+

RMAXV

RMINV

Regulator Exciter

FDMAXE

FDMINE

Σ

If:, , ,

T V R RMAX

T V R RH

T V R RMIN

V K V VV K V VV K V V

∆ ≥ =

∆ < =

∆ ≤ − =

RV

'TV

'TOV

+

Σ TV∆

RHV

RH'

* NOTE:If the time constant T is equal to

zero, this block is represented as K /sA

1

2

RH

1 - EField before limit2 - V

States

Exciter BPA EF

Σ

REFV

+

+

Σ1

EsT

E ES K+

+

Exciter BPA EF Westinghouse Continuous Acting Brushless Rotating Alternator

Excitation System Model

1F

F

sKsT+

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

SOV

FDEΣ−

+

RMAXV

RMINV

Regulator Exciter

Stabilizer

FDMAXE

FDMINE 0=

E ES K+

( )TV

T 0R =

(1 )A AK sTs+

3

12

R

F

1 - EField before limit2 - V3 - V

States

Exciter BPA EG

Exciter BPA EG SCR Equivalent Excitation System Model

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Σ

REFV

SOV

+

+

FDE

RVΣ−

+

1F

F

sKsT+

1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

1

11 AsT+

Stabilizer

Regulator

TV

3

12

A

F

1 - EField2 - V3 - V

States

Exciter BPA EJ

1

11 AsT+

REFV

+

+

Exciter BPA EJ Westinghouse Static Grand Couple PP#3 Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

1F

F

sKsT+

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

'TV

FDEΣ−

+

RMAXV

RMINV

Regulator

Stabilizer

FDMAXE

FDMINE

SOV

11 RsT+ − Σ

Filter

π3

4

12

t

R

F

1 - EField before limit2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V

States

Exciter BPA EK

1

11 AsT+Σ

REFV

+

+

Σ1

EsT

E ES K+

+

Exciter BPA EK General Electric Alterrex Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

1F

F

sKsT+

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

SOV

FDEΣ−

+

RMAXV

RMINV

Regulator Exciter

Stabilizer

FDMAXE

FDMINE 0=

T

R

V(T =0)

3

4

12

R

R1

F

1 - EField before limit2 - V3 - V4 - V

States

Exciter BPA FA

Exciter BPA FA WSCC Type A (DC1) Excitation System Model

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

FV

SV

1

EsTFDE

+

1F

F

sKsT+

VR( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV

TI Σ+

E ES K+

11

C

B

sTsT

++

RMAXV

RMINV

1A

A

KsT+

ERRV +

FEV

RsT+11CV

Σ

REFV

+

Σ3

4

5

1

2

t

B

R

F

1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

Exciter BPA FB

Exciter BPA FB WSCC Type B (DC2) Excitation System Model

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

FV

SV

1

EsTFDE

+

1F

F

sKsT+

VR( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV

TI Σ+

E ES K+

11

C

B

sTsT

++

T RMAXV V

T RMINV V

1A

A

KsT+

ERRV +

FEV

RsT+11CV

Σ

REFV

+

Σ3

4

5

1

2

t

B

R

F

1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

Exciter BPA FC

1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

1F

F

sKsT+

0

SV

FV

1

EsT

EK

DK

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

+

−−

+

+

FEV

RVEV

EXF

FDI

FDE

Σ

NI

( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV

TI

ERRV

RsT+11CV

REFV

+

Exciter BPA FC WSCC Type C (AC1) Excitation System Model

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

π11

C

B

sTsT

++

Σ

Σ+

34

5

1

2

E

t

R

LL

F

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

Exciter BPA FD

1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINVSV

+

1

EsT

EK

+

FDE

Exciter BPA FD WSCC Type D (ST2) Excitation System Model

1F

F

sKsT+

FV 0

π

+

BV

E P T I TV K V jK I= +TV

TI

( )EX NF f I=C FDN

E

K IIV

=FDI NI EXF

MAXEFD

+−

EV If 0. and 0., 1.P I BK K V= = =

RV

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV

TI

ERRV

RsT+11CV

REFV

+

Σ

Σ

Σ3

4

1

2

t

R

F

1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V

States

Exciter BPA FE

Exciter BPA FE WSCC Type E (DC3) Excitation System Model

ERRV RMAX RMIN

V RH

V VsK T

RMAXV

RMINV

If , If , If ,

ERR V R RMAX

ERR V R RH

ERR V R RMIN

V K V VV K V VV K V V

≥ =

< =

≤ − =

RHV

VK−

VK

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

FDE+

−RV

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV

TI RsT+11CV

REFV

+

Σ

FEV

3

1

2

t

RH

1 - EField before limit2 - Sensed V3 - V

States

Exciter BPA FF

11

C

B

sTsT

++

SV

+

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

DK

π

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

+

+

+

FEV

RVEV

EXF

FDI

FDE

Σ

Exciter BPA FF WSCC Type F (AC2) Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

AMAXV

AMINV

1F

F

sKsT+

0−

FV LV

LVGateΣ

AV

+

RMINV

RMAXV

BK

LK

HK

Σ −

+

LRVHV

NI

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV

TI RsT+11CV

REFV

+

Σ

ERRV

Σ+ 34

5

1

2

E

t

A

LL

F

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

Exciter BPA FG

1A

A

KsT+

Exciter BPA FG WSCC Type G (AC4) Excitation System Model

11

C

B

sTsT

++

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

FDE+

IMIMV

IMAXV

( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV

TI RsT+11CV

REFV

+

Σ

VS

ERRV

ΣRMIN C FD(V K I )−

RMAX C FD(V K I )−

+

3 1

2

t

LL

1 - EField before limit2 - Sensed V3 - V

States

Exciter BPA FH

11

C

B

sTsT

++

SV+

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

DK

π

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

+

+

+

FEV

RVEV

EXF

FDI

Σ

Exciter BPA FH WSCC Type H (AC3) Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

AMAXV

AMINV

1 F

ssT+

0−

FV

+AV

RK

NI

HVGate π

LVK −

+

LVV

Σ

EFD

NV

FK

NK

FDNE

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

FDE

( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV

TI RsT+11CV

REFV

+

ERRV

Σ

Σ34

5

1

2

E

t

A

LL

F

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

Exciter BPA FJ

1A

A

KsT+

Exciter BPA FJ WSCC Type J Excitation System Model

11

C

B

sTsT

++

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

FDE+

RMAXV

RMINV

( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV

TI RsT+11CV

REFV

+

Σ

SV

ERRV

T FDMAX C FD(V E K I )−

+

1F

F

sKsT+

T FDMIN C FD(V E K I )−

Σ−

FV

3

4

1

2

t

LL

F

1 - EField before limit2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V

States

Exciter BPA FK

1A

A

KsT+

Exciter BPA FK WSCC Type K (ST1) Excitation System Model

11

C

B

sTsT

++

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

FDE+

( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV

TI RsT+11CV

REFV

+

Σ

VS

ERRV

T RMAX C FD(V V K I )−

+

1F

F

sKsT+

T RMIN C FD(V V K I )−

Σ−

IMIMV

IMAXV

FV

3

4

1

2

t

LL

F

1 - EField before limit2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V

States

Exciter BPA FL

SV

REFV

+

+

+Σ+

FDE

Exciter BPA FL WSCC Type L (ST3) Excitation System Model

IMINV

IMAXV

J1K1

C

B

sTsT

++

GV

AV

GK

1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

RVπ

π( )PE T I P L TV K V j K K X I= + +TV

TI

( )EX NF f I=C FDN

E

K IIV

=FDI NI

EXF

EV

BV

FDMAXE

GMAXV

jP PK K e pθ=

( )C T C C TV V R jX I= + +TV

TI RsT+11CV

REFV

+

ERRV

Σ

Σ

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

3 1

2

M

t

LL

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V

States

Exciter BPA FM through BPA FV

Exciter BPA FM through BPA FV

No block diagrams have been created

Exciter DC3A and ESDC3A

Exciter DC3A IEEE 421.5 2005 DC3A Excitation System Model

DC3A model supported by PSSE ESDC3A model supported by PSLF

States 1 - EFD 2 – Sensed Vt 3 - VRH

ERRVRMAX RMIN

V RH

V VsK T

RMAXV

RMINV

If , If , Else

ERR V R RMAX

ERR V R RMIN

R RH

V K V VV K V V

V V

≥ =≤ − ==

RHVVK−

VK

Σ1

E EK sT+FDE

+

RV

RsT+11CV

REFV

+

Σ

π

( )X EV EFD S EFD= ⋅XV Speed

10

Spdmlt

31

2

If exclim 0 then 0 else unlimited<>

Exciter DC4B and ESDC4B

RsT+11

UEL(UEL=1)

V

REFV

+−+

FDE

Exciter DC4B IEEE 421.5 2005 DC4B Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

T RMAXV V

T RMINV V

1F

F

sKsT+

OEL(OEL=2)

V

HVGate

LVGate

Alternate UEL Inputs

Alternate OEL InputsOEL

(OEL=1)

V

+

CE

UEL(UEL=2)

V

SV

1I D

PD

K sKKs sT

+ ++Σ

RMAX AV K

RMIN AV K

1

EsT

EMINV

π Σ π

EK

( )X E E EV V S V=

Σ

RV

TV

+

+

−+

FV

FD

t

R

1 - E2 - Sensed V3 - PID14 - PID25 - V6 - Feedback

States

3 4

5

6

12

Speed

10

Spdmlt

Vu

DC4B model supported by PSSE ESD4B model supported by PSLF

Exciter EMAC1T

CE

RsT+11

Σ

REFV

+

+

Σ1

EsT

EK

DK

π

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

( )X E E EV V S V=

+

+

++

+

FEV

RV

XV

EV

EXF

FDI

Σ

1A

A

KsT+

AMAXV

1F

F

sKsT+

0−

FV

SV

AMINV

FDE4 4

3

11

sTsT

++

2

1

11

sTsT

++

6

5

11

sTsT

++

Exciter EMAC1T Modified IEEE Type AC1 Excitation System Model

Model supported by PSSE

1

2

3

5

6

7

FE

FE

sTsK+1

+

States 1 : VE 2 : Sensed Vt 3 : VR 4 : VLL34 5 : VF 6 : VLL56 7 : VLL56 8 : FBFE

Exciter ESAC1A

CE

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++Σ

REFV

+

+

Σ1

EsT

EK

DK

π

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

( )X E E EV V S V=

+

+

++

+

FEV

RV

XV

EV

EXF

FDI

Σ Σ

Exciter ESAC1A IEEE Type AC1A Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

AMAXV

RMINV

RMAXV

1F

F

sKsT+

0−

UELV

HVGate

OELV

LVGate

FV

Model supported by PSSEModel supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier

SV

AMINV

FDE3

4

5

12

E

t

A

LL

F

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

Speed

10

Spdmlt

Exciter ESAC2A

E

1sTR

11+sT

C

B

1+sT1+sT BK

HK

F

F

sK1+sT EK

X E E EV =V S (V ) EX NF =f(I )

DK

C FDN

E

K II =V

CE REFV

FV

++

AV+

UELV OELVAMAXV

AMINV HV

RV −

+

RMINV

RMAXV

0

EV

FEMAX D FD

E E E

V -K IK +S (V )

FDE

EXF

XV NI

FEV

+

+

+

+

FDI

Exciter ESAC2A IEEE Type AC2A Excitation System Model

Model supported by PSSEModel supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier

A

A

K1+sT

SV

34

5

1

2Σ Σ Σ

Σ

Σ

πHVGate

LVGate

E

t

A

LL

F

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

Speed

10

Spdmlt

Exciter ESAC3A

CE

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++Σ Σ 1

A

A

KsT+

AMAXV

AMINV

1 F

ssT+

FEMAX D FD

E E E

V -K IK +S (V )

EMINV

REFV

SV

UELV

HVGate

+

+

π Σ

FV

1

EsT

RK

EK

DK

π

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

( )X E E EV V S V=

+

+

+

++

+

FEV

AV RV

XV

EV

EXF

FDI

FDE

EFD

NV

FK

NK

NV

Σ Σ

Model supported by PSSEModel supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier

CV

NI

Exciter ESAC3A IEEE Type AC3A Excitation System Model

3

4

5

12

E

t

A

LL

F

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

Speed

10

Spdmlt

Exciter ESAC4A

CERsT+1

1 11

C

B

sTsT

++Σ 1

A

A

KsT+

RMAX C IFDV -K I

RMINV

REFV

SV

UELV

HVGate

+

+

FDE

Exciter ESAC4A IEEE Type AC4A Excitation System Model

IMINV

IMAXV

IV

FD

Model supported by PSLF and PSSEPSSE uses nonwindup limit on E

3 12

t

LL

1 - EField before limit2 - Sensed V3 - V

States

Exciter ESAC5A

CE

RsT+11

Σ 1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV 0

REFV

SV

+

+

Σ1

EsT

EK

( )X E E EV V S V= ⋅

+

+

+

XV

FDE

F2 F3If T =0, then sT =0. Σ

Exciter ESAC5A IEEE Type AC5A Excitation System Model

( )( )( )

3

1 2

11 1

F F

F F

sK sTsT sT

++ +

Model supported by PSLF and PSSE

3

4 5

12

t

R

1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - Feedback 15 - Feedback 2

States

Exciter ESAC6A

CE

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++Σ Σ

REFV

SV

UELV

+

−+

ΣAV

1

EsT

EK

DK

π

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

( )X E E EV V S V=

+

+

+

++

+

FEV

RV

XV

EV

EXF

FDI

FDE

Σ Σ

Exciter ESAC6A IEEE Type AC6A Excitation System Model

( )11

A K

A

K sTsT+

+

AMAXV

AMINV T RMINV V

T RMAXV V

HK11

J

H

sTsT

++

HMAXV

0

0HV Σ +

FELIMV−

+

CV

Model supported by PSSEModel supported by PSLF with optional speed multiplier

NI

3 4

5

12

E

t

A

LL

F

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - T Block4 - V5 - V

States

Speed

10

Spdmlt

Exciter ESAC7B and AC7B ESAC7B is the same as AC7B. See AC7B documentation

Exciter ESAC8B_GE

RsT+11

Σ 1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

REFV

SV

+−

+

+

Exciter ESAC8B_GE IEEE Type AC8B with Added Speed Multiplier.

RVΣ+

+

+

IRKs

PRK

1DR

DR

sKsT+

TMULT RMAX T RMAX RMIN T RMIN

Model supported by PSLFIf V 0, V V V and V V V<> = =

COMPV

1

EsT

( )E E EK S V+

DK

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

+

+

EXF

FDI

FDE

Σ

NI

Σ π

FEV

52

E

t

R

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - PID 14 - PID 25 - V

States

3 1

4

FEMAX D FD

E E E

V -K IK +S (V )

EMINV

Speed

10

Spdmlt

Exciter ESAC8B_PTI

RsT+11

1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV 0

REFV

SV

+

+

Σ1

EsT

EK

( )X EV EFD S EFD= ⋅

+

+

+

XV

FDE

Σ

Exciter ESAC8B_PTI Basler DECS Model

RV

+

+

+

IRKs

PRK

1DR

D

sKsT+

Model supported by PSSE

CV

3

4 5 12

FD

t

R

1 - E2 - Sensed V3 - Derivative Controller4 - Integral Controller5 - V

States

ΣΣ

Exciter ESDC1A

CE

RsT+11

Σ 1A

A

KsT+

RMAXVREFV

SV

+

+

Σ1

EsT

EK

( )X EV EFD S EFD= ⋅

+

+

+

XV

FDE

Σ

Exciter ESDC1A IEEE Type DC1A Excitation System Model

RV

11F

F

sKsT+

11

C

B

sTsT

++CV

UELV

HVGate

FV

FEV

Model supported by PSSE but always assumes values of spdmlt = 0, UELin = 0, and exclim = 1Model supported by PSLF

RMINV

3

4

5

12

FD

t

R

F

1 - E2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - Lead-Lag

States

π

Speed

10

Spdmlt

+

Alternate UEL Inputs

UEL ≥ 2 UEL < 2 UELV

if exclim <> 0 then limit = 0 else unlimited

Exciter ESDC2A

RsT+11

Σ 1A

A

KsT+

T RMAXV VREFV

SV

+

+

Σ1

EsT

EK

( )X EV EFD S EFD= ⋅

+

+

+

XV

FDE

Σ

Exciter ESDC2A IEEE Type DC2A Excitation System Model

RV

11F

F

sKsT+

11

C

B

sTsT

++CV

HVGate

Model supported by PSSE but always assumes values of spdmlt = 0, UELin = 0, and exclim = 1Model supported by PSLF

CE

FV

T RMINV V

FEV

3

4

5

12

FD

t

R

F

1 - E2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - Lead-Lag

States

π

Speed

10

Spdmlt

UELVAlternate UEL Inputs

UEL ≥ 2 UEL < 2 UELV

+

if exclim <> 0 then limit = 0 else unlimited

Exciter ESDC3A

Exciter ESDC3A IEEE Type DC3A with Added Speed Multiplier

ERRVRMAX RMIN

V RH

V VsK T

RMAXV

RMINV

If , If , Else

ERR V R RMAX

ERR V R RMIN

R RH

V K V VV K V V

V V

≥ =≤ − ==

RHVVK−

VK

Σ1

E EK sT+FDE

+

RV

Model supported by PSLF

RsT+11CV

REFV

+

Σ

π

( )X EV EFD S EFD= ⋅XV Speed

10

Spdmlt

t

RH

1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - V

States

31

2

If exclim 0 then 0 else unlimited<>

Exciter ESST1A and ESST1A_GE

RsT+11

Σ

REFV

+

+

Σ+

−AV FDE

Exciter ESST1A IEEE Type ST1A Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

AMAXV

AMINV

1F

F

sKsT+

0

HVGate

IMINV

( )( )( )( )

1

1

1 11 1

C C

B B

sT sTsT sT

+ ++ +

HVGate

OELV

LVGate

IV

T RMINV V

T RMAX C FDV V -K I

LRK Σ FDI

LRI

AlternateStabilizer

Inputs

AlternateUEL Inputs

+

+−

+CE

FV

3 4

5

12

A

t

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - LL4 - LL15 - Feedback

States

Support in PSLF and PSSE. Different integer codes for VOS (or PSSin), and UEL codes

VUEL ESST1A: UEL=1 ESST1A_GE: UEL=2

VUEL ESST1A: UEL=3

ESST1A_GE: UEL= -1

VUEL ESST1A: UEL=2 ESST1A_GE: UEL= +1 VS

ESST1A: VOS=1 ESST1A_GE: PSSin=0

VS ESST1A: VOS=2

ESST1A_GE: PSSin=1

Exciter ESST2A

RsT+11

Σ 1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

REFV

SV

+

−+

Σ1

EsT

EK

+

FDE

Exciter ESST2A IEEE Type ST2A Excitation System Model

1F

F

sKsT+

HVGate

FV 0

π

BV

E P T I TV K V jK I= +TV

TI

( )EX NF f I=C FDN

E

K IIV

=FDI NI EXF

MAXEFD

EV If 0 and 0, 1P I BK K V= = =

Model supported by PSSE but always assumes values of UEL = 0, T 0, and T 0Model supported by PSLF

C B= =

CE

CVRV

11

C

B

sTsT

++

3

4

12 π

FD

t

R

F

1 - E2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - LL

States

UELVAlternate UEL Inputs

UEL ≥ 2 UEL < 2 UELV

+

5

Exciter ESST3A

RsT+11

Σ

SV

REFV

+

+Σ+

AV FDE

Exciter ESST3A IEEE Type ST3A Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

HVGate

IMINV

IMAXV11

C

B

sTsT

++IV

GV

RV

GK

1M

M

KsT+

MMAXV

MMINV

MVπ

π( )PE T I P L TV K V j K K X I= + +TV

TI

( )EX NF f I=C FDN

E

K IIV

=FDI NI

EXF

EV

BVBMAXV

Model supported by PSLF and PSSE

CEUELV

GMAXV

RMINV

PjP PK K e θ=

34 12

M

t

R

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - LL

States

Exciter ESST4B

RsT+11

Σ

SV

REFV

+

+Σ+

FDE

Exciter ESST4B IEEE Type ST4B Potential- or Compound-Source Controlled-Rectifier Exciter Model

11 AsT+

RV

GK

IMPM

KKs

+

MMAXV

MMINV

π

π( )E P T I P L TV K V j K K X I= + +TV

TI

( )EX NF f I=C FDN

E

K IIV

=FDI NI EXF

EVBVBMAXV

RMAXV

RMINVOELV

LVGate

IRPR

KKs

+

+

GMAXModel supported by PSSE but assumes V infiniteModel supported by PSLF

=

UELV

PjP PK K e θ=

COMPV34 12

M

t

A

R

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V

States

GMAXV

Exciter ESST5B and ST5B

Model supported by PSLF (ESST5B) and PSSE (ST5B)

Exciter ESST5B and ST5B IEEE (2005) Type ST5B Excitation System

HV Gate

LV Gate

Vref

+ _

Vrmax/Kr

Vrmin/Kr

Vrmax/Kr

Vrmin/Kr Vrmax/Kr

Vrmin/Kr

Vrmax/Kr

Vrmin/Kr Vrmax/Kr

Vrmin/Kr

Vrmax/Kr

Vrmin/Kr

0

+1

-1

VtVrmax

VtVrmin

+

+

+

_

Vuel

Voel

Vc

Vs

Efd

Ifd

Vrmax

Vrmin

Vr

1

2

7 8

3 4

5 6

States: 1 – Efd 2 – Sensed Vt 3 – LL1 4 – LL2 5 – LLU1 6 – LLU2 7 – LLO1 8 – LLO2

Exciter ESST6B and ST6B

RsT+11

UELVREFV

−FDE

Exciter ESST6B IEEE 421.5 2005 ST6B Excitation System Model

RMAXV

RMINV

1G

G

sKsT+

OEL(OEL=2)

V

HVGate

LVGate

Alternate OEL Inputs

OEL(OEL=1)

V

+

ESST6B is the same as model ST6BESST6B is a PSLF model and ST6B is a PSSE model

CV

1IA DA

PADA

K sKKs sT

+ ++Σ

AMAXV

AMINV

Σ

π

CLK

GV

AV

TV

FD

t

G

1 - E2 - Sensed V3 - PID14 - PID25 - V

States

3 4

5

1

2

10 RMULTV

Σ

SV

+

+−

Σ MK Σ

FFK

LRK

BV

RMINV

LRI

FDI

+

+

++

RVΣ

11 SsT+

Exciter ESST7B and ST7B

RsT+11

REFV

FDE

Exciter ESST7B IEEE 421.5 2005 ST7B Excitation System Model

1IA

IA

sKsT+

OEL(OEL=2)

V

LVGate

Alternate OEL Inputs

OEL(OEL=1)

V

+

ESST7B is the same as model ST7BESST7B is a PSLF model and ST7B is a PSSE model

CV

++

LK

HK

Σ

11 SsT+

11

G

F

sTsT

++

HVGate

Alternate UEL Inputs

UEL(UEL=1)

VUEL

(UEL=2)

V

MAXV

MINVΣ

+++

+

DROOPV

SCLVΣ Σ

REF_FBV

SV

PAK

HVGate

LVGate

11

C

B

sTsT

++

Σ Σ

Σ LVGate

HVGate

T RMAXV V

T RMINV V

OEL(OEL=3)

V UEL(UEL=3)

V

T RMAXV VT RMINV V

+

+

+

2 3

4

5

1 States: 1 – EField 2 – VTerminalSensed 3 – InputLL 4 – LL2 5 – Feedback

Exciter EWTGFC

Exciter EWTGFC Excitation Control Model for Full Converter GE Wind-Turbine Generators

Model supported by PSLF

+− 1

1 FVsT+

RFQV

11 PsT+

elecP

1

Nf

1PV

V

KsT+

+

∑RsT+1

1

IVKs

MINQ

MAXQ

π

tanFAREFP

REFQ

1

1−

0

Reactive Power Control Model

MINQ

MAXQ

varflg

−genQ

QIKs

MINV

+

−∑

REFVVIKs

QMAXI

QMINI

QCMDI

CV

3

4

5

1

2

ref

qppcmd

PV

regMeas

IV

ORD

Meas

1 - V2 - E

3 - K4 - V

5 - K6 - Q7 - P

States

6

7MAXV

TERMV

+

elecP

dbrK

∑1s

÷PMAXI

++

−TERMV

PCMDI

+

pfaflg

REFQ

01

ORDP

Converter Current Limitpqflag

+

dbrP

0

1

0 BSTE

Exciter EX2000

RsT+11

Σ Σ IAPA

KKs

+

AMAXV

AMINV

1FK

EMAXV

EMINV

−+

π Σ

FV

1

EsT

PK ETRM⋅

EK

DK

π

( )EX EF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

( )X E E EV V S V=

+

+

+

++

+

FEV

AV

XV

EV

EXF

FDI

Σ Σ

Exciter EX2000 IEEE Type AC7B Alternator-Rectifier Excitation System Model

MinimumGate 1

IRPR

KKs

+

RMAXV

RMINV L FEK V−

ReferenceSignal

Field CurrentLimiter

2FKΣ +

+

Model supported by PSSE

EMAX

FEMAX D FDEMAX

E E E

If field current limiter is included, V is off.V -K IIf field current limiter is excluded, V =K +S (V )

CE

FDE

REF 34

12

1st PI Controller 2nd PI Controller

E

t

API

RPI

PI

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - LL6 - IFD

States

Exciter EX2000 REFERENCE SIGNAL MODEL

REF

Exciter EX2000 Reference Signal Model

MinimumGate 2

KRCCSBASE

Machine MVA BASEELECQ1

ETERM

KVHZ

Σ

REFV

UELV

STBV

++

+

−LIMPREF

Frequency

ReactiveCurrent

Reference Signal Model

Model supported by PSSE

Exciter EX2000 FIELD CURRENT LIMITER MODEL

KIIFDKPIFDs

+

REF2IFD

LIMNIFD

Exciter EX2000 Field Current Limiter Model

LevelDetector

LatchGate 1

LatchGate 2

OR

ADVLIMIFD11

LEAD

LAG

sTsT

++

Σ

Advance Limit

( 1, 1)I T

( 3, 3)I T

( 2, 2)I T

( 4, 4)I T

Inverse Timing

A

B

C

D

A

B

C

D

LIMPIFD

REF3IFD

REF4IFD

REF1IFD

FDI

+

ToMinimum

Gate 1

Output =1 if level exceeded

Output =1 iftiming expired

Switch Operation Output D = B if C =0Output D = A if C=1

Field Current Limiter Model(Over Excitation Limiter)

Model supported by PSSE

3rd PI Controller

5

6

Exciter EXAC1

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++Σ

SVREFV

+

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

DK

π

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

+

+

+

FEV

RVEV

EXF

FDI

FDE

Σ

Exciter EXAC1 IEEE Type AC1 Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

1F

F

sKsT+

0−

FV

Σ+

−+

CV

AMIN AMAX

AMIN

Model supported by PSSE but always assumes value of spdmlt = 0Model supported by PSLF also uses V and V

Simulator will narrow the limit range as appropriate when loading the DYD fileIf V V> RMIN RMIN AMIN

AMAX RMAX RMAX AMAX

then V VIf V V then V V

Model supported by PSLF but always assumes value of spdmlt = 1

=< =

CE

E

t

R

LL

F

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

34

5

12

Speed

10

Spdmlt

Exciter EXAC1A

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++Σ

SVREFV

+

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

DK

π

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

+

+

+

FEV

RVEV

EXF

FDI

FDE

Σ

Exciter EXAC1A Modified Type AC1 Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

1F

F

sKsT+

0−

FV

Σ+

−+

CV

Model supported by PSSE but always assumes value of spdmlt = 0Model supported by PSLF but always assumes value of spdmlt = 1

CE

34

5

12

E

t

R

LL

F

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

Speed

10

Spdmlt

Exciter EXAC2

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++Σ

SVREFV

+

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

DK

π

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

+

+

+

FEV

RVEV

EXF

FDI

FDE

Σ

Exciter EXAC2 IEEE Type AC2 Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

AMAXV

AMINV

1F

F

sKsT+

0−

FV

Σ+

− +

CVLV

LVGateΣ

AV

+

RMINV

RMAXV

BK

LK

HK

Σ −

+

LRV

HV

NI

Model supported by PSSE but always assumes value of spdmlt = 0Model supported by PSLF but always assumes value of spdmlt = 1

CE 34

5

12

E

t

A

LL

F

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

Speed

10

Spdmlt

Exciter EXAC3

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++Σ

SVREFV

+

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

DK

π

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

+

+

+

FEV

RVEV

EXF

FDI

Σ

Exciter EXAC3 IEEE Type AC3 Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

AMAXV

AMINV

1 F

ssT+

0−

FV

Σ+

+CV AV

RK

NI

HVGate π

LVK −

+

LVV

Σ

EFD

NV

FK

NK

NEFD

FEMAXModel supported by PSSE but always assumes values of V 9999 and spdmlt = 0Model supported by PSLF but always assumes value of spdmlt = 1

=

CE

FDE34

5

12

E

t

A

LL

F

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

FEMAXVSpeed

10

Spdmlt

Exciter EXAC3A

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++ Σ

SV

REFV

+

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

DK

π

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

+

+

+

FEV

RVEV

EXF

FDI

Σ

Exciter EXAC3A IEEE Type AC3 Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

AMAXV

AMINV

1 F

ssT+

EMINV−

FV

Σ+

−+

AV

NI

π

RK

EFD

NV

FK

NK

NEFD

CEFDE

EMAXV Speed

Model supported by PSLF

( )

( )

L1 C S REF C FFEMAX

FA L1

FEMAX D FDEMAX

E E

LVEMIN

EX

K V +V +V -V -VV =

K KV -K I

V =S +K

VV =F

34

5

12

E

t

A

LL

F

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

CV

Exciter EXAC4

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++Σ

SVREFV

+

FDE

Exciter EXAC4 IEEE Type AC4 Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+Σ

+−

+ERRV

IMINV

IMAXV

RMIN C IFDV -K I

RMAX C IFDV -K I

Model supported by PSLF and PSSE

CE3 12

t

LL

1 - EField before limit2 - Sensed V3 - V

States

Exciter EXAC6A

Exciter EXAC6A IEEE Type AC6A Excitation System Model

Model supported by PSLF

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++ Σ

SV

REFV

+

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

π

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

+

+

+

FEV

EV

EXF

Σ

(1 )1A k

A

K sTsT+

+

T RMAXV V

AMINV

11

J

H

sTsT

++

0−

HV

Σ+

− +

NI

HK

CE

FDE

Speed

HMAXV

AMAXV

AV

0

+

−Σ

FELIMV

T RMINV V

DK FDI

RV3 4

5

12

E

t

A

LL

F

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - T Block4 - V5 - V

States

Exciter EXAC8B

Exciter EXAC8B Brushless Exciter with PID Voltage Regulator

Model supported by PSLF

RsT+11

Σ1

1 AsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

REFV

SV

+−+

+Σ+

++

VIKs

VPK

1VD

VD

sKsT+

CE

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

π

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

+

+

FEV

EV

EXF

Σ

0

NI

FDE

Speed

DK FDI

IMAX-V

IMAXV3

4

5 12

E

t

R

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - Derivative5 - Integral

States

Exciter EXBAS

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++Σ

STBVREFV

+

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

DK

π

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

+

+

+

EV

EXF

FDI

Σ

Exciter EXBAS Basler Static Voltage Regulator Feeding DC or AC Rotating Exciter Model

1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

1F

F

sKsT+

Σ+

− +

UELV

NI1

2

11

F

F

sTsT

++

IP

KKs

+

OELV

+ +

Model supported by PSSE

CE

FDE3

4 5

12

E

t

R

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - PI5 - LL6 - Feedback LL7 - Feedback

States

67

Exciter EXBBC

3

4

11

sTsT

++ Σ

REFV

Σ1

1 EsT+

EX

+

FDI

Exciter EXBBC Transformer-fed Excitation System

RMAXV

RMINV+

Σ+

− +

1

2 2

1 111

TK T sT

− +

2

1

TKT+

Very similar to the model BBSEX1 supported by PSSEModel supported by PSLF

CE

FDEΣ

T FDMINE E

T FDMAXE E

Switch 0= Switch 1=

SupplementalSignal

+

11 FsT+

Exciter EXDC1

Exciter EXDC1 IEEE DC1 Excitation System Model

Model supported by PSLF

RsT+11

Σ

SV

REFV

+

+1

A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

+

11F

F

sKsT+

RV−

CE

− π

Speed

FDE11

C

B

sTsT

++

FV

3 4

5

1

2

FD

t

B

R

F

1 - E2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

Exciter EXDC2A

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++Σ

+

Exciter EXDC2A IEEE Type DC2 Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

RMAX TV V

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

+

11F

F

sKsT+

RV−

Model supported by PSLF

CE

FV

SV

REFV+

π

Speed

FDE34

5

1

2

RMIN TV V

FD

t

B

R

F

1 - E2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

Exciter EXDC2_GE

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++

SVREFV

+

Exciter EXDC2_GE IEEE Type DC2 Excitation System Model

Σ+

−1

A

A

KsT+

RMAX TV V

Σ1

1 EsT+

E EK S+

FDE+

( )( )1 21 1F

F F

sKsT sT+ +

Model supported by PSLF

RMIN TV V

compV

π

Speed

3 4

5

1

2

FD

t

B

R

F1

F2

1 - E2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 - V

States

6

Exciter EXDC2_PTI

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++

SVREFV

+

Exciter EXDC2_PTI IEEE Type DC2 Excitation System Model

Σ+

1A

A

KsT+

RMAX TV V

Σ1

1 EsT+

E EK S+

FDE+

11F

F

sKsT+

Model supported by PSEE

RMIN TV V

compV

π

Speed

Σ+ERRV

3 4

5

1

2

FD

t

B

R

F

1 - E2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

Exciter EXDC4

Σ+

Exciter EXDC4 IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model

− 1

RHsT

RMAXV

Σ1

E EK sT++

−RHV

Model supported by PSLF

CE

RMINV

SV

REFV+

π

Speed

FDE

ESRMAXV

RMINVVK

V-K

RV

π

1

-1RK

R-K

1

2

FD

RH

1 - E2 - V

States

Exciter EXELI

11 FVsT+ Σ

REFV

+

+

+

FDE

Exciter EXELI Static PI Transformer Fed Excitation System Model

PUV

Σ +

Σ1

NUsT

+

11 FIsT+

EX

FDI

FMINE

FMAXE

PIV

PNFV

+

PNFD

GENP3

1W

W

sTsT

+

2

21s

s

sTsT

−+Σ

+

+

1sK

2

11s

s

KsT+

MAXS−

MAXS

Model supported by PSLF and PSSE

CE

− Σ

3

4 5

12

NU

t

FLD

GEN

GEN

GEN

1 - T2 - Sensed V3 - Sensed I4 - P Washout15 - P Washout26 - P Washout37 - Lag Stabilizer8 - Washout Stabilizer

States

6 7

8

Exciter EXIVO

Model supported by PSLF

Exciter EXIVO IVO Excitation Model

+ Vcomp

Efd 1 2

States: 1 – VLL12 2 – Sensed Vt 3 – VLL34 4 – VLL56

_

VS

3 MIN5

MAX5

MIN1

MAX1

Vref

+

MIN3

MAX3

4

Exciter EXPIC1

RsT+11

Σ

REFV

Exciter EXPIC1 Proportional/Integral Excitation System Model

Σ+

+

( )11A AK sTs+

R1V

R2V

1

EsT

E EK S+

FDE+

( )( )1 21 1F

F F

sKsT sT+ +

RVTE

SV

AV( )

( )( )3

2 4

11 1

A

A A

sTsT sT

++ +

RMINV

RMAXV

FDMINE

FDMAXE

Σπ0E

πTV

TI

( )EX NF f I=C FDN

E

K IIV

=FDI

NI

EXF

BV

0

If 0 and 0, then 1If 0, then

P I B

E

K K VT EFD E

= = == =

E P T I TV K V jK I= +

Model supported by PSLF and PSSE

CE3

4 51

2

FD

t

A

R1

R

F1

F

1 - E2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V6 - V7 - V

States

6 7

Exciter EXST1_GE

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++Σ

SVREFV

+

FDE

Exciter EXST1_GE IEEE Type ST1 Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

+

IMINV

IMAXV

T RMIN C IFDV V -K I

T RMAX C IFDV V -K I

1F

F

sKsT+

Model supported by PSLF

compV

1

1

11

C

B

sTsT

++

AMAXV

AMINV

Σ+−

EX

lrK

Σ

FDIΣ

lrI

+

+−

3

4

5 12

0

A

t

LL

F

LL1

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

Exciter EXST1_PTI

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++Σ

SVREFV

+

FDE

Exciter EXST1_PTI IEEE Type ST1 Excitation System Model

1A

A

KsT+

+

IMINV

IMAXV

T RMIN C IFDV V -K I

T RMAX C IFDV V -K I

1F

F

sKsT+

Model supported by PSSE

cE

ERRV+ Σ

3

4

12

FD

t

LL

F

1 - E before limit2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V

States

Exciter EXST2

RsT+11

Σ

REFV

Exciter EXST2 IEEE Type ST2 Excitation System Model

Σ+

−+

1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

1

EsT

EK

FDE+

1F

F

sKsT+

RV Σ−

πE P T I TV K V jK I= +TV

TI

( )EX NF f I=C FDN

E

K IIV

=FDI NI

EXF

If 0 and 0, then 1P I BK K V= = =

Σ++

ERRV

BV

FDMAXE

0

SV

+

EV

B C

Model supported by PSLFModel supported by PSSE does not include T and T inputs

CE3

4

5 12

FD

t

R

F

LL

1 - E2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

11

C

B

sTsT

++

Exciter EXST2A

RsT+11

Σ

REFV

Exciter EXST2A Modified IEEE Type ST2 Excitation System Model

Σ+

−+ 1

A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

1

EsT

EK

FDE+

1F

F

sKsT+

RV Σ−

πE P T I TV K V jK I= +TV

TI

( )EX NF f I=C FDN

E

K IIV

=FDI NI EXF

If 0 and 0, then 1P I BK K V= = =

ERRV

FDMAXE

0

SV

+

EV

π

B C

Model supported by PSLFModel supported by PSSE does not include T and T inputs

FVBV

COMPV11

C

B

sTsT

++

3

4

5 12

FD

t

R

F

LL

1 - E2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

Exciter EXST3

RsT+11

Σ

REFV

Exciter EXST3 IEEE Type ST3 Excitation System Model

Σ+−

+

11

CJ

B

sTKsT

++

FDEAV π

π( )E P T I P L TV K V j K K X I= + +TV

TI

( )EX NF f I=C FDN

E

K IIV

=FDI NI EXF

ERRV

BV

FDMAXE

SV

+

EV

∑ 1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

RV+

IMINV

IMAXV

GK

−GV

GMAXV

Model supported by PSSE but always assumes value of spdmlt = 0Model supported by PSLF but always assumes value of spdmlt = 1

CE

PjP PK K e θ=

3 12

R

t

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - LL

States

π

Speed

10

Spdmlt

Exciter EXST3A

Exciter EXST3A IEEE Type ST3 Excitation System Model

11

CJ

B

sTKsT

++

FDEAV π

π( )E P T I P L TV K V j K K X I= + +TV

TI

( )EX NF f I=C FDN

E

K IIV

=FDI NI EXF

BV

EV

∑ 1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

+

IMINV

IMAXV

GK

−GV

GMAXV

Model supported by PSLF

RsT+11

Σ+

CESV

REFV+

BMAXV

SpeedPj

P PK K e θ=

3 12

R

t

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - LL

States

Exciter EXST4B

Exciter EXST4B IEEE Type ST4B Excitation System Model

FDEπ

π( )E P T I P L TV K V j K K X I= + +

( )EX NF f I=C FDN

E

K IIV

=FDI NI

EXF

BV

EV

∑ IMPM

KKs

+

MMAXV

MMINV

+

RMINV

RMAXV

GK

Model supported by PSLF

RsT+11

Σ+

CESV

REFV+

BMAXV

11 AsT+

IRPR

KKs

+MV

TV

TI

PjP PK K e θ=

34 12

MInt

t

A

R

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V

States

Exciter EXWTG1

Exciter EXWTG1 Excitation System Model for Wound-Rotor Induction Wind-Turbine Generators

MAXR

MINR

+

Model supported by PSLF

+−Rω 1

1 AsT+ EXT FDR (E )

REFω

1DP

DP

sKsT+EP

WK 1

2

11

W

W

sTsT

++ +

+

EXTR

3

12

external1 - R2 - SpeedReg3 - Washout

States

Exciter EXWTGE

Exciter EXWTGE Excitation System Model for GE Wind-Turbine Generators

Model supported by PSLF

+− 1

1 CsT+ORDQ

RFQ REFV (V )

11 PsT+

EP

1

Nf

1PV

V

KsT+

+

+∑

RsT+11

IVKs

MINQ

MAXQ

π

tan( )⋅FAREF REFP (V ) REF

REF

Q(V ) Switch 0=

Switch 1=

ORDQ

Switch 1= −

Switch 1=

Switch 0=

ORD

REF

Q from separate model(V )

WindVAR Emulation

OpenLoop Control

MINQ

MAXQ

CMDQ

pfaflg

varflg

+−GENQ

∑QIKsCMDQ

MAXV

MINV

+−

TERMV

∑REFV VIKs

TERM QMAXV + XI

TERM QMINV + XI

Q CMD FDE '' (E )

÷ORD SFrom Wind Turbine Model

P (V ) PCMD FDI (I )

PMAXI

REGV

3

4

5

1

2

ref"QCMD

PV

regMeas

IV

ORD

Meas

1 - V

2 - E3 - K4 - V

5 - K6 - Q7 - P

States

6

7

GEWTG machine model

Exciter IEEET1

RsT+11

Σ 1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

REFV

SV

+

−+

Σ1

EsT

EK

E E FDV S E= ⋅

+

+

+

EV

Σ

Exciter IEEET1 IEEE Type 1 Excitation System Model

RVΣ−

+

1F

F

sKsT+

Model supported by PSSE but always assumes value of spdmlt = 0Model supported by PSLF but always assumes value of spdmlt = 1

CE

3

4

1

2

t

R

F

1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V

States

FDEπ

Speed

10

Spdmlt

Exciter IEEET2

RsT+11

Σ 1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

REFV

SV

+

−+

Σ1

EsT

EK

E E FDV S E= ⋅

+

+

+

EV

FDE

Σ

Exciter IEEET2 IEEE Type 2 Excitation System Model

RVΣ−

+

11F

F

sKsT+2

11 FsT+

Model supported by PSSE

CE

3

45

1

2

t

R

F1

F2

1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

Exciter IEEET3

RsT+11

Σ 1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

REFV

SV

+

−+

Σ1

E EK sT+

+

+

FDE

Exciter IEEET3 IEEE Type 3 Excitation System Model

RVΣ−

+

20.78

If 1, 0

FD

THEV

B

IAV

A V

⋅= > =

1F

F

sKsT+

0

BMAXV

BV

πTHEV P T I TV K V jK I= +TV

TI

1 A−FDI

Model supported by PSSE

CE

3

4

12

t

R

F

1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V

States

Exciter IEEET4

Σ1

RHsT

RMAXV

RMINV

REFV

+

− Σ1

E EK sT+

+ FDE

Exciter IEEET4 IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model

RVRHVVΔV K<ΔV

π

ψ

ES

Model supported by PSSE

CE

RMAXV

RMINVKV

-KV

1

-1RK

R-K

VΔV K>

12

RH

1 - EField2 - V

States

Exciter IEEET5

Σ1

RHsT

+

− Σ1

E EK sT+

+

Exciter IEEET5 Modified IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model

RMAXV

π

ψ

ES

Model supported by PSSE

CE

RMAXV

RMINVKV

-KV

RMAXV

RMINV

REFV

FDE

RVRHV

VΔV K<ΔV

VΔV K>

12

RH

1 - EField2 - V

States

Exciter IEEEX1

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++Σ

SVREFV

+

Exciter IEEEX1 IEEE Type 1 Excitation System Model

Σ+

−+

ERRV 1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

FDE+

11F

F

sKsT+

FVRV

Regulator

Damping

Model supported by PSSE

CE3 4

5

12

t

B

R

F

1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

Exciter IEEEX2

Exciter IEEEX2 IEEE Type 2 Excitation System Model IEEEX2

Model supported by PSSE

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++Σ

SVREFV

+

Σ+

+ERRV 1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

FDE+

−FV

RV

Regulator

Damping

CE

( )( )1 21 1F

F F

sKsT sT+ +

3 4

5

12

t

R

F1

F2

1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - LL4 - V5 - V6 - V

States

6

Exciter IEEEX3

RsT+11

Σ

SVREFV

+

Exciter IEEEX3 IEEE Type 3 Excitation System Model

Σ+

− +

ERRV 1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

Σ1

E EK sT+FDE+

+

1F

F

sKsT+

FV

Regulator

Damping

0

THEV P T I TV K V jK I= +TV

TI0

BMAXV

( )22 0.78TH FDV I−THV

FDI

BV

Model supported by PSSE

CE

RV

3

4

12

t

R

F

1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V

States

Exciter IEEEX4

RsT+11

REFV

Exciter IEEEX4 IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model

Σ+

− ERRV RMAX RMIN

V RH

V VsK T

RMAXV

RMINV

If , If , If ,

ERR V R RMAX

ERR V R RH

ERR V R RMIN

V K V VV K V VV K V V

≥ =

< =

≤ − =

RHV

VK−

VK

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

FDE+

−RV

Model supported by PSSE

CE

3

1

2

t

RH

1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - V

States

Exciter IEET1A

Σ

REFV

Exciter IEET1A Modified IEEE Type 1 Excitation System Model

Σ+

− +

1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

FDE+

1F

F

sKsT+

SV

FDMAXE

FDMINE+

Model supported by PSSE

CE

3

12

R

F

1 - EField2 - V3 - V

States

Exciter IEET1B

Σ

MAGI

+

1

EsT+ FDE

Exciter IEET1B Modified IEEE Type 1 Excitation System Model

RV

π

ψ

ES

EK−

+RsT+1

1

EX

TV Σ

REFV

+SMAXV

SMINV

Σ− +

Bias

SV

Σ+

++

11A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

2

11 AsT+ REGV

1

11F

F

sKsT+

Switch=0

Switch=1

Model supported by PSSE but not implemented yet in Simulator

CE

Exciter IEET5A

Σ 1A

RH

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

REFV

+

− Σ1

E EK sT+

+FDE

Exciter IEET5A Modified IEEE Type 4 Excitation System Model

RV

*

π

ψ

ES

Σ

TOV

+

− TΔV

FDMAXE

FDMINE

* If equals zero, block becomes ARH

KTs

Model supported by PSSE

CE

RMAXV

RMINVKV

-KV

VΔV K<

VΔV K>

12

RH

1 - EField2 - V

States

Exciter IEEX2A

RsT+11 1

1C

B

sTsT

++Σ

SVREFV

+

Exciter IEEX2A IEEE Type 2A Excitation System Model

Σ+

−+

ERRV 1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

FDE+

11F

F

sKsT+

FVRV−

0

Model supported by PSSE

CE3 4

5

12

t

B

R

F

1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - V4 - V5 - V

States

Exciter IVOEX

Model supported by PSSE

Exciter IVOEX IVO Excitation Model

+ Ec

Efd 1 2

States: 1 – VLL12 2 – Sensed Vt 3 – VLL34 4 – VLL56

_

VS

3 MIN5

MAX5

MIN1

MAX1

Vref

+

MIN3

MAX3

4

Exciter PLAYINEX With the PLAYINEX model, specify the index (FIndex) of a specified PlayIn structure. That signal will then be played into the model as the field voltage during the simulation.

Exciter REXS

RsT+11

ΣSV

REFV

+

Exciter REXS General Purpose Rotating Excitation System Model

Σ+

−+

ERRV 1A

A

KsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

1

2

11

F

F

sTsT

++

FV

Regulator

0

RMIN RMAX FMIN FMAX TERMModel supported by PSLF. If flimf = 1 then multiply V ,V ,V , and V by V .

CE

IMAXV−

IMAXV

1F

F

sKsT+

VIVP

KKs

+ 1 2

1 2

(1 )(1 )(1 )(1 )

C C

B B

sT sTsT sT

+ ++ +

ΣΣ IIIP

KKs

++

RV

11 PsT+

FMAXV

FMINVHK

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

DK

π

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

+−

+

+

EV

EXF

FDI

Σ

NI

FDE+

0

Speed

CXTERMI

CMAXV

EFDK

RV

+ +

FEI0

1

2

Fbf

34

5

1

2 E

T I

F I

R

1 - V 6 - Voltage PI2 - Sensed V 7 - V LL13 - V 8 - V LL24 - Current PI 9 - Feedback5 - V 10 - Feedback LL

States6

87

10

9

Exciter REXSY1

Exciter REXSY1 General Purpose Rotating Excitation System Model

Model supported by PSSE

RsT+11

Σ

SV

REFV

+

Σ+

−+

11 AsT+

RMAXF V⋅

RMINF V⋅1

2

11

F

F

sTsT

++

FV−

IMAXV−

IMAXV

1F

F

sKsT+

VIVP

KKs

+ 1 2

1 2

(1 )(1 )(1 )(1 )

C C

B B

sT sTsT sT

+ ++ + RV

0

1

2FEI

FDE

0II

IPKKs

+1

1 PsT+

FMAXF V⋅

FMINF V⋅HK

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

π

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

+

+

EV

EXF

FDI

ΣNI

FDE+

CXTERMI

CMAXV

+

FEI

RV

DK

Σ+

[ ]1IMF T E D EF= 1.0 + F (E -1.0) (K +K +S )⋅CE

Exciter Field Current Regulator

Fbf

34

5

1

2

Voltage Regulator

E

T I

F I

R

1 - V 6 - Voltage PI2 - Sensed V 7 - V LL13 - V 8 - V LL24 - Current PI 9 - Feedback5 - V 10 - Feedback LL

States

6

7 8

910

Exciter REXSYS

Exciter REXSYS General Purpose Rotating Excitation System Model

Model supported by PSSE

RsT+11

Σ

SV

REFV

+

Σ+

−+

11 AsT+

RMAXF V⋅

RMINF V⋅1

2

11

F

F

sTsT

++

FV−

IMAXV−

IMAXV

1F

F

sKsT+

VIVP

KKs

+ 1 2

1 2

(1 )(1 )(1 )(1 )

C C

B B

sT sTsT sT

+ ++ + RV

0

1

2FEI

FDE

0II

IPKKs

+1

1 PsT+

FMAXF V⋅

FMINF V⋅HK

Σ1

EsT

E EK S+

π

( )EX NF f I=

C FDN

E

K IIV

=

+

+

EV

EXF

FDI

ΣNI

FDE+

+

FEI

RV

DK

Σ+

[ ]1IMP T E D EF= 1.0 + F (E -1.0) (K +K +S )⋅CE

Exciter Field Current Regulator

Fbf

34

5

1

2

Voltage Regulator

E

T I

F I

R

1 - V 6 - Voltage PI2 - Sensed V 7 - V LL13 - V 8 - V LL24 - Current PI 9 - Feedback5 - V 10 - Feedback LL

States

6

7 8

910

Exciter SCRX

REFV

Exciter SCRX Bus Fed or Solid Fed Static Excitation System Model

Σ+

−1 E

KsT+

FDMAXE

FDMINE

πFDE1

1A

B

sTsT

++

SV

+

TE 1SWITCHC =0 SWITCHC =1

SWITCH

Model supported by PSLFModel supported by PSSE has C 1=

CE

1 2

E

1 - Lead-Lag2 - V

States

Exciter SEXS_GE

compV

REFV

Exciter SEXS_GE Simplified Excitation System Model

+

−1 E

KsT+

MAXE

MINE

11

A

B

sTsT

++

StabilizerOutput

+

Model supported by PSLF

RsT+11 FDE( )1C C

C

K sTsT+

Σ

FDMINE

FDMAXE34 12

t

1 - EField2 - Sensed V3 - LL4 - PI

States

Exciter SEXS_PTI

CE

REFV

Exciter SEXS_PTI Simplified Excitation System Model

Σ+

−1 E

KsT+

FDMAXE

FDMINE

FDE11

A

B

sTsT

++

SV

+

Model supported by PSSE

12

1 - EField2 - LL

States

Exciter ST5B and ESST5B ST5B is the same as ESST5B. See ESST5B documentation. Exciter ST6B and ESST6B ST6B is the same as ESST6B. See ESST6B documentation. Exciter ST7B and ESST7B ST7B is the same as ESST7B. See ESST7B documentation.

Exciter TEXS

CE

REFV

Exciter TEXS General Purpose Transformer-Fed Excitation System Model

Σ+

−FDE

1G

G

KsT+

SV

+

Model supported by PSLF

11 RsT+

IMAXV−

IMAXVVI

VPKKs

+

1VD

VD

sKsT+

RMAXV

RMINV

Σ++

Σ−

Σ+

+ Σ+

FFK

MK

RMINV

RMAXVLVGate π

CX

Σ+−

CLKLRI LRK

0

FDI

1 0

GeneratorTerminal Voltage

ConstantSource Voltage

RV EV+

3

4

1

2

t

1 - Feedback2 - Sensed V3 - Derivative Controller4 - Integral Controller

States

Exciter URST5T

CE

RsT+11

Σ

REFV

−+

Σ

CK

+

+

STBV FDI

FDE

Exciter URST5T IEEE Proposed Type ST5B Excitation System Model

UELV

HVGate

OELV

LVGate Σ

1

1

11

C

B

sTsT

++

RMAX RV /K

RMIN RV /K

2

2

11

C

B

sTsT

++

RMAX RV /K

RMIN RV /K

RMAXV

RMINV1

11 sT+

RMAX TV V

RMIN TV V

RK +

Model supported by PSSE

3 4 12

R

t

1 - V2 - Sensed V3 - LL14 - LL2

States

Exciter WT2E

Exciter Model WT2E

Model supported by PSLF

States: 1 – Rexternal 2 – Speed 3 – Pelec

+

elecP

MAXR

MINR

Σ

Speed

Power-Slip Curve

1

2

3

p

p

sTK+1

w

w

sTK+1

sK

K ippp +

Exciter WT2E1

+

Exciter WT2E1 Rotor Resistance Control Model for Type 2 Wind Generator

elecP

MAXR

MINR

Model supported by PSSE

external

elec

1 - R2 - Speed3 - P

States

11 SPsT+

11 PCsT+

Σ1

PI

KsT

+

Speed

Power-Slip Curve

1

2

3

Note: Power-Slip Curves is defined in the WT2G1 model

Exciter WT3E and WT3E1

Exciter WT3E and WT3E1 Electrical Control for Type 3 Wind Generator

MAX wrat MIN wrat FV C

QCMD QMAX QMIN

WT3E supported by PSLF with RP P and RP -P , T TWT3E1 supported by PSSE uses vltflg to determine the limits on E . When vltflg > 0 Simulator always uses XI and XI .

= = =

+− 1

1 FVsT+

RFQV

11 PsT+

elecP

1

Nf

1PV

V

KsT+

+

∑RsT+1

1

IVKs

MINQ

MAXQ

π

tanFAREFP

REFQ

1

0

1−

Reactive Power Control Model

MINQ

MAXQ

varflg

−elecQ

QIKs

MINV

+−

∑REFV

QVKs

QMAXXI

QMINXI

QCMDE

CV

3

4

5

1 2

ref ORD

qppcmd Meas

PV

regMeas

IV ORD

1 - V 6 - Q2 - E 7 - P

3 - K 8 - PowerFilter4 - V 9 - SpeedPI

5 - K 10 - P

States

6

7

MAXV TERMVvltflg

+

0

0>

20( 20%, )PP ω=

100( 100%, )PP ω=

40( 40%, )PP ω=60( 60%, )PP ω=

( , )MIN PMINP ω

Speed

P

Active Power (Torque) Control Model

elecP1

1 PWRsT+∑ IP

PPKKs

+ π ∑1

FPsT ÷MINRP

MAXRP PMAXIMAXP

MINP

1098

Speed Speed

++

TERMV

PCMDI

+

Exciter WT4E1

Exciter WT4E1 Electrical Control for Type 4 Wind Generator

∑+

− 11 FVsT+

RFQV

11 PsT+

elecP

1PV

V

KsT+

+

∑1

1 RVsT+

IVKs

MINQ

MAXQ

π

tanFAREFP

10

MINQ

MAXQ

varflg

−elecQ

QIKs

MINCLV

+

−∑ VIK

s

QMAXI

QMINI

QCMDI

CV

MAXCLV

TERMV

+

elecP ∑ ÷PMAXI

−+

+

TERMV

PCMDI

+

pfaflg

REFQ

01

ORDP

Converter Current Limitpqflag

0.01

11 PWRsT+

IPPP

KKs

+

1F

F

sKsT+

REFP

MINdP

MAXdP

3

4

5

12

6

7

10

98

States: 1 – Vref 6 - Qord 2 - Eqppcmd 7 - Pmeas 3 – Kpv 8 - TPower 4 – VregMeas 9 - Kip 5 – Kiv 10 - Feedback

Model supported by PSSE

Exciter WT4E

Exciter WT4E Electrical Control for Full Converter Wind-turbine generators (FC WTG)

∑+

− 11 FVsT+

RFQV

11 PsT+

elecP

1PV

V

KsT+

+

∑1

1 RVsT+

IVKs

MINQ

MAXQ

π

tanFAREFP

10

MINQ

MAXQ

varflg

−elecQ

QIKs

MINCLV

+

−∑ VIK

s

QMAXI

QMINI

QCMDI

CV

MAXCLV

TERMV

+

÷PMAXI+

TERMV

PCMDI

+

pfaflg

REFQ

01

ORDP

Converter Current Limitpqflag

34

5

12

6

7

States: 1 – Vref 6 - Qord 2 - IqCMD 7 - Pmeas 3 – Kpv 4 – VregMeas 5 – Kiv

WT4T Governor Model ORDP

TERMV

Model supported by PSLF

Generator Other Model COMP

Voltage Regulator Current Compensating Model COMP

Model supported by PSSE

𝑉�𝑇 𝑉𝐶𝑇 = |𝑉�𝑇 − 𝑗 ∙ 𝑋𝑒 ∙ 𝐼�̅�| VCT

𝐼�̅� ECOMP

Generator Other Model COMPCC

Voltage Regulator Current Compensating Model for Cross-Compounds Units COMPCC

Model supported by PSSE

𝐸𝐶𝑂𝑀𝑃1 = 𝑉𝑇 − �𝐼𝑇1 + 𝐼𝑇2

2� ∙ (𝑅1 + 𝑗 ∙ 𝑋1) + 𝐼𝑇1 ∙ (𝑅2 + 𝑗 ∙ 𝑋2)

VT IT1

IT2

𝐸𝐶𝑂𝑀𝑃2 = 𝑉𝑇 − �𝐼𝑇1 + 𝐼𝑇2

2� ∙ (𝑅1 + 𝑗 ∙ 𝑋1) + 𝐼𝑇2 ∙ (𝑅2 + 𝑗 ∙ 𝑋2)

Generator Other Model GP1

Generic Generator Protection System GP1

Model supported by PSLF

Generator Protection

(GP)

Ifd

flag

Excitation System

Notes: = isoc or ifoc*affl a = asoc or afoc k = ksoc or kfoc

Trip Signal Alarm Only

0

1

Field Shunt

VT PT

I CT

GSU

52G

T1

T2

s2 1.05*pick up pick up

𝑇1 =𝑘

1.05 − 𝑎

𝑇2 =𝑘

𝑠2 − 𝑎

Generator Other Model IEEEVC

Voltage Regulator Current Compensating Model IEEEVC

Model supported by PSSE

𝑉�𝑇 𝑉𝐶𝑇 = |𝑉�𝑇 + (𝑅𝐶 + 𝑗 ∙ 𝑋�𝐶) ∙ 𝐼�̅�| VCT

𝐼�̅� ECOMP

Generator Other Model LCFB1

Turbine Load Controller Model LCFB1

mwsetP 1Ks

++

PK

+

bFMAXe

MAXe−db

db−

11 PELECsT+

Σ

genP

rmaxL

rmaxL−

rmaxL

rmaxL−

Σ +

+

0refP

Σ refP

Model supported by PSLF

Σ

Frequency Bias Flag - fbf, set to 1 to enable or 0 to disablePower Controller Flag - pbf, set to 1 to enable or 0 to disable

Freq

1.0+

elec

I

1 - P Sensed2 - K

States

1

2 Kdrp

If Kdrp <= 0, then Kdrp is set to 1.0 for speed reference governors Kdrp = 25.0 for load reference governors

Generator Other Model LCFB1_PTI

Turbine Load Controller Model LCFB1_PTI

mwsetP 1Ks

++

PK

+

bFMAXe

MAXe−db

db−

11 PELECsT+

Σ

genP

rmaxL

rmaxL−

rmaxL

rmaxL−

Σ +

+

0refP

Σ refP

Σ

Frequency Bias Flag - fbf, set to 1 to enable or 0 to disablePower Controller Flag - pbf, set to 1 to enable or 0 to disable

Freq

1.0+

elec

I

1 - P Sensed2 - K

States

1

2

Model supported by PSSE

Generator Other Model LHFRT

Model supported by PSLF

Low/High Frequency Ride through Generator Protection

Fref Frequency ref. in Hz dftrp1 to dftrp10 Delta Frequency Trip Level in p.u. dttrp1 to dttrp10 Delta Frequency Trip Time Level in sec.

Generator Other Model LHVRT

Model supported by PSLF

Low/High Voltage Ride through Generator Protection

Vref Voltage ref. in p.u. dvtrp1 to dftrp10 Delta Voltage Trip Level in p.u. dttrp1 to dttrp10 Delta Voltage Trip Time Level in sec.

Generator Other Model MAXEX1 and MAXEX2

+ -

VLOW

� EFD

Maximum Excitation Limiter Model MAXEX1 and MAXEX2

Model supported by PSSE

KMX 0 V

OEL

EFDDES*EFDRATED

(EFD1, TIME1)

Time (sec.)

EFD (p.u. of Rated)

(EFD2, TIME2) (EFD3, TIME3)

Generator Other Model MNLEX1

+

+ � IREAL

Minimum Excitation Limiter Model MNLEX1

Model supported by PSSE

0

EFD

XADIFD

+ �

VUEL

𝐾𝑀1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑀

𝑠𝐾𝐹2

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝐹2

MELMAX

-

1𝐾

PQSIG

Generator Other Model MNLEX2

+

+ � Q

Minimum Excitation Limiter Model MNLEX2

Model supported by PSSE

0

P

+ � VUEL 𝐾𝑀

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑀

𝑠𝐾𝐹2

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝐹2

MELMAX

-

PQSIG -

� + X2

X2

𝑄𝑜 ∙ 𝐸𝑇2 (𝑅 ∙ 𝐸𝑇2)2

-

Q

P

Radius Qo

Generator Other Model MNLEX3

+

+ � Qo

(1.0 p.u.)

Minimum Excitation Limiter Model MNLEX3

Model supported by PSSE

0

+ � VUEL 𝐾𝑀

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑀

𝑠𝐾𝐹2

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝐹2

MELMAX

PQSIG -

� +

B

𝑃𝑉𝑇

+ Q/V

P/V

B = Slope

𝑄

𝑉𝑇

EFD

Qo (1.0 p.u. V)

Generator Other Model OEL1

Over Excitation Limiter for Synchronous Machine Excitation Systems OEL1

Model supported by PSLF

Reference Runback

Voltage Regulator

Voltage Reference

Field Winding

Field Current

Transformer

PT

CT Generator

Overexcitation Limiter

Generator Other Model PLAYINREF With the PLAYINREF model, specify the indices (Vref_Index and Pref_Index) of a specified PlayIn structure. Those signals will then be played into the model as either Pref of the Governor models or Vref of the Exciter models.

Generator Other Model REMCMP

Voltage Regulator Current Compensating Model REMCMP

Model supported by PSSE

Remote bus Remote bus number

Governor BPA GG

Governor BPA GG WSCC Type G Governor Model

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

mech1 - P2 - Lead-Lag 13 - Integrator 34 - Integrator 4

States

'1KΔω 2

1

11

sTsT

++ Σ

+

MOP

MAXP+

−3

11 sT+ 4

11 sT+

5

5

11

sFTsT

++

MPM eP -P

eP

Σ2 3 4 1

Governor BPA GH

Governor BPA GH WSCC Type H Hydro-Mechanical Governor Turbine Model

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

1(1 )G PT sT+

UPP

−−

1s /2

11

W

W

sTsT−+

'1KΔω

DOWNP

0P XRMAX(P.U.)P

MINP =0

R

Σ+

+

1d d

d

SD TsT+

Σ+

PILOT VALVE GATE SERVO TURBINE

MP23

4

1

mech1 - P2 - P gate valve3 - y34 - Feedback

States

Governor BPA GIGATB, BPA GJGATB, BPA GKGATB, and BPA GLTB

Governor BPA GIGATB, BPA GJGATB, BPA GKGATB, and BPA GLTB

No block diagrams have been created

Governor BPA GSTA

Governor BPA GSTA WSCC Type S Steam System Governor

And Nonreheat Turbine (Type A) Model

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

−−

1s

1KΔω

0PMAX(P.U.)P

MIN(P.U.)P

+GVP

2

1

11

sTsT

++ 3

1T

UPP

DOWNP

Σ1

1 CHsT+MP23 1

mech1 - P2 - P gate valve3 - Lead-lag

States

Governor BPA GSTB

Governor BPA GSTB WSCC Type S Steam System Governor and Tandem Compound

Single Reheat Turbine (Type B) Model

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

−−

1s

1KΔω

0PMAX(P.U.)P

MIN(P.U.)P

+

GVP2

1

11

sTsT

++ 3

1T

UPP

DOWNP

Σ

MP

11 CHsT+

11 RHsT+

11 COsT+

HPF IPF LPF

++

++

ΣΣ

2

3 4 5

1

1 - P gate valve2 - Lead-lag3 - y34 - y45 - y5

States

Governor BPA GSTC

Governor BPA GSTC WSCC Type S Steam System Governor and Tandem Compound

Double Reheat Turbine (Type C) Model

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

−−

1s

1KΔω

0PMAX(P.U.)P

MIN(P.U.)P

+

GVP2

1

11

sTsT

++ 3

1T

UPP

DOWNP

Σ

MP

11 CHsT+ 1

11 RHsT+ 2

11 RHsT+

VHPF HPF IPF

++

++

Σ

11 COsT+

LPF

++

Σ Σ

2

3 4 5 6

1

1 - P gate valve2 - Lead-lag3 - y34 - y45 - y56 - y6

States

Governor BPA GWTW

Governor BPA GWTW WSCC Type W Hydro Governor System

And Hydro Turbine (Type W) Model

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

KΔω

0P

+GVP

2

1 3

1(1 )(1 )

sTsT sT+

+ +

MAX/100P

MIN/100P

Σ1

1 0.5W

W

sTsT

−+

MP

2 3

1

mech1 - P2 - y03 - y1

States

Governor CCBT1

Governor CCBT1 Steam Plant Boiler/Turbine and Governor Model

MIN4

Σ

Model supported by PSLFProportional-integral blocks 1-6 also have rate limits not shown in the block diagram

Σ

11 WsT+

1

DsT

11 FsT+

11

IP

KKs

+

77

71D

PD

sKKsT

++

Σ

44

IP

KKs

+

Σ

Σ

33

IP

KKs

+

Σ1 r

rpelec

rvalve

ΣBK

-dbd

+dbd Σ

MAX4

MIN3

MAX3

Σ

MIN7

MAX7

Σ

MIN2

22

IP

KKs

+

MAX2

MIN5

55

IP

KKs

+

MAX5

1.0

MIN6

66

IP

KKs

+

MAX6

MIN1

MAX1

Σ

π

πPK

π

1 ah−

ah

1

RHsT

1PLM

PLM

KsT+

Σ

Σ

11 GsT+

IGOVPGOV

KKs

+

MINV

MAXV

Σ Σ

11 PelecsT+

-1

0

refω Speed

1.0

Speed

mechP

Valve Bias

mechP

refL

Bias

refPresslmref refP •Press

genP

Σ

+

++

− −

−−

−−

−−

+

+

+

+

++

++

++

+

++

++

2

3

4

5

6

1

7

8 9

10

11

12

+

13

14 1550PLMT =

Σ

Governor CRCMGV

(HP)Speed ( )

1( )

1/1

HP

HP

RsT+ Σ

+

mech(HP)P

Governor CRCMGV Cross Compound Turbine-Governor Model

( )( )( )( ) 5( )

3( ) 4( ) 5( )

11 1 1

HP HP

HP HP HP

sF TsT sT sT

+

+ + +−

Reference

MAX(HP)P

0

+

( )

1( )

1/1

LP

LP

RsT+ Σ

+

( )( )( )( ) 5( )

3( ) 4( ) 5( )

11 1 1

LP LP

LP LP LP

sF TsT sT sT

+

+ + +−

ReferenceMAX(LP)P

0

+

( )( )2( )H HP T HPD E −

Σ−

+

( )( )2( )H LP T HPD E −−

Σ−

(LP)SpeedΣ

High-Pressure Unit

Low-Pressure Unit

mech(LP)P−

Model supported by PSLF and PSSE

2 3 4

5

6

1

1 - HPInput2 - HPState13 - HPState24 - HPState35 - LPInput6 - LPState17 - LPState28 - LPState3

States

7 8

Governor DEGOV

Governor DEGOV Woodward Diesel Governor Model

( )( )( )

4

5 6

11 1

Actuator

K sTs sT sT

++ +

MAXT

MINT

π( )32

1 2 1

11

Electric Control Box

sTsT s T T− ++ +

1+Speed

Engine

DsTe−mechP

Model supported by PSSE

2

3 4 5

1

1 - Control box 12 - Control box 23 - Actuator 14 - Actuator 25 - Actuator 3

States

ΔωSpeed

Governor DEGOV1

Governor DEGOV1 Woodward Diesel Governor Model

( )( )( )

4

5 6

11 1

Actuator

K sTs sT sT

++ +

MAXT

MINT

πΔωSpeed

1+Speed

Engine

DsTe−mechP( )3

21 2 1

11

Electric Control Box

sTsT s T T− ++ +

+

11 EsT+

SBASEMBASE

elecPDROOP

Σ−

refP

1

0

Model supported by PSSE

6

Droop Control

1 - Control box 12 - Control box 23 - Actuator 14 - Actuator 25 - Actuator 36 - Droop Input

States

21

3 4 5

Governor G2WSCC

Governor G2WSCC Double Derivative Hydro Governor and Turbine

Represents WECC G2 Governor Plus Turbine Model

GVN

Δω(Speed) eps

1db

11 DsT+

1

1 F

sKsT+

22

2(1 )F

s KsT+

+

+

+

R1

1 TsT+elecP

1G

P

KsT+

OPENVEL

CLOSEVEL

1s

MAXP

MINP

2db

GV 11

turb turb

turb turb

sA TsB T

++

GVPmechP

+−

Σ

T(T =0)

refP

Model supported by PSLF

+−Σ IK

s−

Σ2 3

4 5

6

1

mech

D

1

2

2

elec

1 - P2 - T3 - K4 - K first5 - K second6 - Integrator7 - P Sensed8 - Valve9 - Gate

States

8 9

7

GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of blockGVN

Governor GAST_GE

Governor GAST_GE Gas Turbine-Governor Model

refP ( )4

5

11

AK sTsT+

+

+

+

+

Model supported by PSLF

+

2

2

11

AsTBsT

++

eps

0db

Δω(Speed)

3

11 sT+

1

1sT

MAXV

MINV

LIMR

1R

Σ

IDLEF

TK

Σ

ΣIDLEF

MAXL

Σ +−

VG

GVP dbb

mechP

11 LTRsT+

+

V INC LIM TRAT

LIM MAX

if (D >L ) R =L else R =R Σ

VD

Σ

2

3

4

5

1 LVGATE

1 - Input LL2 - Integrator3 - Governor LL4 - Load Limit5 - Temperature

States

GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of vs. blockGVP GV

Governor GAST_PTI

Governor GAST_PTI Gas Turbine-Governor Model

MAXV

refLoad mechP−

+

turbD

1R

Σ

MINV

1

11 sT+ 2

11 sT+

LVGate Σ+

Speed

3

11 sT+TK+ −

+

ΣΣ+

TA (Load Limit)

Model supported by PSSE

2

3

1

1 - Fuel Valve2 - Fuel Flow3 - Exhaust Temperature

States

Governor GAST2A

Governor GAST2A Gas Turbine-Governor Model

LowValueSelect

( )1W sXsY Z

++

+Σ−

ReferencesTe−

MAX

MINSpeed

GovernorSpeed

Control

3K +

FuelControl

AC sB+

11 Fsτ+

CRsEe−

FK

6K

Σ+

ValvePositioner

FuelSystem fW

FuelFlow

TDsEe−

51

T

sTsτ+

MAX

+

4

11 sT+

54

31KK

sT+

+ 1fΣ −TurbineExhaust

Turbine

RadiationShieldThermocouple

TemperatureControl*

CT

11 CDsT+

2fMBASERATET

+

Δω

1.0 +

π

Σ

π

mechP

( )1 R f1 f1f1f =T -A 1.0-w -B Speed

( ) ( )f22 f2 f2 f2f =A -B w -C Speed

f2wTurbine

Gas TurbineDynamics

* Temperature control output is set to output of speed governor when temperature control input changes from positive to negative

Model supported by PSSE

2 3

45

7

1

f1w

1 - Speed Governor2 - Valve Positioner3 - Fuel System4 - Radiation Shield5 - Thermocouple6 - Temp Control7 - Turbine Dynamics

States

6

Governor GASTWD

Governor GASTWD Woodward Gas Turbine-Governor Model

LowValueSelect+

SpeedReference

sTe−

MAX

MIN

SpeedControl

3K +

FuelControl

AC sB+

11 Fsτ+

CRsEe−

FK

6K

Σ+

ValvePositioner

FuelSystem

fWFuelFlow

TDsEe−

5 1

T

sTsτ+

MAX

+ 4

11 sT+

54

31KK

sT+

+ 1fΣ −TurbineExhaust

Turbine

RadiationShieldThermocouple

TemperatureControl*

11 CDsT+

2fMBASERATET

+

Δω

1.0 +

π

Σ

π

mechP

( ) ( )f =T -A 1.0-w -B Speed1 R f1 f1 f1 ( ) ( )f =A -B w -C Speed2 f2 f2 f2 f2

f2wTurbineGas TurbineDynamics

* Temperature control output is set to output of speed governor when temperature control input changes from positive to negative

IKs

PK

DsK

+

Σ++

SBASE

RATET

1DROOP

D

KsT+

Σ

elecP

eP

T Setpoint for CTemperature Control

Model supported by PSSE

2 3

45

6

1

f1w

1 - Power Transducer2 - Valve Positioner3 - Fuel System4 - Radiation Shield5 - Thermocouple6 - Temp Control7 - Turbine Dynamics8 - PID 1 9 - PID 2

States

78 9

Governor GGOV1

Governor GGOV1 – GE General Governor-Turbine Model

( / )dref turb fnlL K w+ +1

1 FloadsT+11

SA

SB

sTsT

++

mD**Dmm <If D 0, (Speed+1)m >If D 0, (Speed)

11

C

B

sTsT

++

engsTe−

turbK

Σ

PloadK

IloadKs

Σ

Σ

++

+

1.0

AK t∆ +

+ΣΣ

+

1 A

ssT+

drefL mechP

Speed

PgovK

IgovKs

1Dgov

Dgov

sKsT+

+

++

−+

maxerr

minerr

-dbdb

++

π

11 ACTsT+

MAXV

MINV

refPΣ

LowValueSelect

r

Σ

IMWKs

Σ

Σ+ −

11 PelecsT+

elecP

−Σ

fnlw

π

1.0 (Speed+1)governor outputvalve stroke

aset

IMW

UP DOWN CLOSE OPEN

Model supported by PSLFModel supported by PSSE does not include non-windup limits on K blockR , R , R , and R inputs not implemented in Simulator

+

2

3

4

5

6

1

Flag0 1

Rselect

11−

2−

mwsetP

1.1r

-1.1r

Timestep

elec1 - P Measured 5 - Turbine LL2 - Governor Differential Control 6 - Turbine Load Limiter3 - Governor Integral Control 7 - Turbine Load Integral Control4 - Turbine Actuator 8 - Supervisory Load Co

States

ntrol9 - Accel Control10 - Temp Detection LL

7

8

9

10

MINV

MAXV

Governor GGOV2

Governor GGOV2 - GE General Governor-Turbine Model

mwsetP

( / )dref turb fnlL K w+ +1

1 floadsT+11

sa

sb

sTsT

++

mD−

11

c

b

sTsT

++

engsTe−

turbK

Σ

ploadK

iloadKs

Σ

Σ

++

+

1.0

aK t∆

5s 9s

6s

+

+ΣΣ

+

1 a

ssT+

8s

4s

drefL MECHP

Speed

pgovK

igovKs

1dgov

dgov

sKsT+

+2s+

+

1s

+

++

π

11 actsT+

ropenvmax

vminrclose

refPΣ

LowValueSelect

r

Σ

imwKs

Σ

Σ+ −

11 PelecsT+

ELECP

7s

0s

−Σ

fnlw3s

π

1.0

aset

+

MINV

MAXV

Frequency-dependent

limit

Speed

fsrt

fsra

fsrn1.1r

-1.1r

Flag0 1

Timestep

**Dmm <If D 0, (Speed+1)m >If D 0, (Speed)

(Speed+1)

Rselect

11−

2−governor output

valve stroke

maxerr

minerr

-dbdb

Model supported by PSLF

8

7

10

2

3

4

5

6

1

elec1 - P Measured 5 - Turbine LL2 - Governor Differential Control 6 - Turbine Load Limiter3 - Governor Integral Control 7 - Turbine Load Integral Control4 - Turbine Actuator 8 - Supervisory Load Co

States

ntrol9 - Accel Control10 - Temp Detection LL

9

Governor GGOV3

11

cd

bd

sTsT

++

Governor GGOV3 - GE General Governor-Turbine Model

mwsetP

( / )dref turb fnlL K w+ +1

1 floadsT+11

sa

sb

sTsT

++

mD −

11

c

b

sTsT

++

engsTe−

Σ

ploadK

iloadKs

Σ

Σ

+

+

+

1.0

aK t∆ +

+ΣΣ

+

1 a

ssT+

drefL MECHP

PercievedSpeed

pgovK

igovKs

1dgov

dgov

sKsT+

++

+

−+

++

π

11 actsT+

refPΣ

LowValueSelect

R

Σ

imwKs

Σ

Σ+ −

11 PelecsT+

ELECP

fnlw

π

1.0

aset

+

Σ

turbK

2

3 4

56

1

7

8

9

10

11

**Dmm <If D 0, (Speed+1)m >If D 0, (Speed)

1.1r

-1.1r

Flag0 1

Timestep

MAXV

MINV

UP DOWN CLOSE OPEN dnrate, R , R , R , and R inputs not implemented in Simulator

Rselect

11−

2−(Speed+1)governor output

valve stroke

MINV

MAXV

elec1 - P Measured 5 - Turbine LL 9 - Accel Control2 - Governor Differential Control 6 - Turbine Load Limiter 10 - Temp Detection LL3 - Governor Integral Control 7 - Turbine Load Integral Contro

States

l 11 - Fuel System Lead Lag4 - Turbine Actuator 8 - Supervisory Load Control

Maxerr

Minerr

-dbdb

Model supported by PSLF

Governor GGOV3 - GE General Governor-Turbine Model

dnlo

PercievedSpeed

dnhi

ffa

ffb

slope = 1

slope = ffc

MeasuredSpeed

Nonlinear Speed Filter

FilteredSpeed

Rate limit dnrate not used in SimulatorModel supported by PSLF

Governor GPWSCC

Governor GPWSCC PID Governor-Turbine Model

GVN

err

1db

11 DsT+

1Ks

1D

f

sKsT+

+

+

+

R 11 tsT+

( 0)tT >

1G

P

KsT+

1s 2db

GV 11

turb turb

turb turb

sA TsB T

++

+ −

Σ

PK

Σ+

− CVΣ

GVP

0tT =

176

5

3

4

2

mechP

elecP

Δω(Speed)

refP

OPENVEL

CLOSEVEL

MAXP

MINP

GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of blockGVN

mech elec

D

1 - P 5 - P Sensed2 - T 6 - Valve3 - Integrator 7 - Gate4 - Derivative

States

Model supported by PSLF

Governor HYG3

Governor HYG3 PID Governor, Double Derivative Governor, and Turbine

Δω1db

11 DsT+

IKs

1

1 f

sKsT+

+

+

+

11 tsT+

1G

P

KsT+

1s

MAXP

MINP

2dbGV

+−

2K

Σ+

gateR

1db

11 DsT+

1

1 f

sKsT+

( )2

22

1 f

s K

sT+

+

+

elecR1

1 tsT+

++

Σ IKs

Σ

−−

gateR

Δω (speed-1)pu=

Δω

cflag>0

Σcflag<0

GVN GVP 1

WsT0H

π tA Σ

turbD

GVq/PqNL

Σ÷ πΣ+

− +

+−

H q

ΔωπΣ

GVPmechP

refP

refP

elecP

CV

CV

1

2

4 5

7

6

3

8

9

1

7

2

OPENVEL

CLOSEVEL

Model supported by PSLF

elecR

Note: cflag determines numbering of states

D

1

i

W

elec

2

2

1 - T2 - K3 - K4 - Valve5 - Gate6 - T7 - P Sensed8 - K First9 - K Second

States

elecP

3

GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of blockGVN

GV

Governor HYGOV

Governor HYGOV Hydro Turbine-Governor Model

+1

1 fsT+−

R

1 r

r

sTrT s+ 1

1 gsT+

turbD

tA Σ

πg

+−

2db

GVP GV

11

n

np

sTsT

++

MAXG

MING

elmrate limit - V

1db

refP

1 2 3

GVN

GV

Δω

Δω

mechP1

WsTHdam=1

πqNL

Σ÷ πΣ+

− +

H 4GVP

GVq/P

Model supported by PSSE and PSLFRperm shown as R, Rtemp shown as r

Ttur, Tn, Tnp, db1, Eps, db2, Bgv0...Bgv5, Bmax, Tblade not implemented in SimulatorGV0, PGV0...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of blockGVN

1 - Filter Output2 - Desired Gate3 - Gate4 - Turbine Flow

States

Governor HYGOV2

Governor HYGOV2 Hydro Turbine-Governor Model

MAXP

GMAXV

GMAX-V

+I PK sK

s+

1

3

1A

sTKsT

+

2

4

11

sTsT

++

1s

R 1temp R

R

sR TsT+

5

6

11

sTsT

−+

Σ −

1 2 3

4

5

6

1 - Filter Output2 - Governor3 - Governor Speed4 - Droop5 - Gate6 - Penstock

States

MING

mechP

refP

Model supported by PSSEMAX MINThe G G limit is modeled as non-windup in PSSE but as a windup limit in Simulator.

MAXGΔωSpeed

Governor HYGOV4

GVN

GVP

GV

Governor HYGOV4 Hydro Turbine-Governor Model

+ 11 psT+

1

gT1s

+

+−

1dbΔω ΣCU

OU

2db

permR+

1r temp

r

sT RT s+

Σ

turbD

Σ

π

tA

Model supported by PSLF

mechP

refP MAXP

MINP

GV

1

WsTHdam

πqNL

Σ÷ πΣ+

− +

H 4

GVP GVq/P

q

3

21

GV0, PGV0...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of blockGVN

W

1 - Velocity2 - Gate3 - Rtemp4 - T

States

Bgv0...Bgv5, Bmax, Tblade not implemented in Simulator

Governor HYGOVR

Fourth Order Lead-lag Governor and Hydro Turbine Model HYGOVR

Model supported by PSLF

+ Pmech

Velcl

db2

-

H0

Velop

+

-

+

At

R

-

π π

Δω CV

qn1

gmin

gmax Pref

-

Pelec

Pmax

Pmin

db1

GV

-

+

+

-

Δω

GV Pgv

q/Pgv

H q

Dturb

π

CV 87

10

2 3 4 5 6

1

9

States: 1 – Input Speed 5 – LL78 9 – Flow 2 – LL12 6 – Governor 10 – Pelec 3 – LL34 7 – Velocity 4 – LL56 8 – Gate

Governor HYPID

Model supported by PSLF

Governor HYPID Hydro Turbine and Governor

+

_

b

Pref

Pelec gmin

2

States: 1 – Ki 2 – RPelec 3 – Gate 4 – Turbine Flow 5 – Derivative 6 - Blade

_

qnl

3

At +

R

|ds2/dt|<velm

+

_

gmax

Telec > 0

Telec < 0

Dturb

+

_

+

_

hdam Pv = f(g,b)

g Pmech

speed

speed

1

4

6

5

Governor HYST1

Governor HYST1 Hydro Turbine with Woodward Electro-Hydraulic PID Governor,

Surge Tank, and Inlet Tunnel

− ip

KKs

+Σ+

11 asT+

1d

a

sKsT+

Σ+

+

11 asT+

1perm

reg

RsT+

Σ +

11 bsT+

MAXG

MING

( )G s +

turbD

Σ−

GVP

GV

refP

genP

Δω

mechP

4

3

21

5

6

9

7

8

Model supported by PSLFNot yet implemented in Simulator

Governor IEEEG1 and IEEEG1_GE

Governor IEEEG1 and IEEEG1_GE IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model

HPΔω

SPEED

4

11 sT+

2

1

(1 )1

K sTsT++ 3

1T

CU

OU1s

MAXP

MINP

Σ

1K

5

11 sT+

3K

6

11 sT+

5K

7

11 sT+

7K

Σ Σ

2K 4K 6K 8K

Σ Σ

Σ

Σ

HPPMECH

LPPMECH

+

+

+

+

+

+

+

++

++

+

M1P

M2P

+ GVP

GV

1db

2db

3 4 5

12

1 - Governor Output2 - Lead-Lag3 - Turbine Bowl4 - Reheater5 - Crossover6 - Double Reheat

States

6refP

IEEEG1_GE is supported by PSLF. PowerWorld ignores the db2 term. All values are specified on the turbine rating which is a parameter in PowerWorld and PSLF. If the turbine rating is omitted or zero, then the generator MVABase is used. If there are two generators, then the SUM of the two MVABases is used.

IEEEG1 is supported by PSSE. PSSE does not include the db2, db1, non-linear gain term, or turbine rating. For the IEEEG1 model, if the turbine rating is omited then the MVABase of only the high-pressure generator is used.

GV1, PGV1...GV6, PGV6 are the x,y coordinates of vs. blockGVP GV

Governor IEEEG2

Governor IEEEG2 IEEE Type 2 Speed-Governor Model

− 4

4

11 0.5

sTsT

−+

2

1 3

(1 )(1 )(1 )

K sTsT sT

++ +

MAXP

MINP

Σ+

Model supported by PSSE

3

2 1

refP

mechP

mech1 - P2 - First Integrator3 - Second Integrator

States

ΔωSpeed

Governor IEEEG3_GE

Governor IEEEG3_GE IEEE Type 3 Speed-Governor Model IEEEG3

( )11

TURB TURB W

TURB W

K A sTB sT+

+

REFP

11 PsT+

1s

MAXP

MINP

+

1TEMP R

R

R sTsT+

+

ΣCU

OU1

GT

GVP

GV

1db2db

GV GVP

Model supported by PSLF

32

1

mechP

PERMR

4

mech1 - P2 - Servomotor position3 - Gate position4 - Transient droop

States

PSLF model includes db1, db2, and Eps read but not implemented in Simulator

ΔωSpeed

Governor IEEEG3_PTI

Governor_IEEEG3_PTI IEEE Type 3 Speed-Governor Model IEEEG3

13 2123 11

23

11

1

1

W

W

a aa a sTa

a sT

+ − +

1(1 )G PT sT+

1s

MAXP

MINP

+

OU

CU

PERMR

1TEMP R

R

R sTsT+

+

Σ

Model supported by PSSE

REFP

mechP32 1

4

mech1 - P2 - Servomotor position3 - Gate position4 - Transient droop

States

ΔωSpeed

Governor IEESGO

Governor IEESGO IEEE Standard Model IEEESGO

−Speed4

11 sT+

OP

1 2

1 3

(1 )(1 )(1 )

K sTsT sT

++ +

MAXP

MINPΣ+

21 K−

21 K−

3

61KsT+

2

51K

sT+

Σ+

+ +

3

2

1

4 5

mechP

1 - First Integrator2 - Second Integrator3 - Turbine T44 - Turbine T55 - Turbine T6

States

Model supported by PSSE

Governor PIDGOV

Governor PIDGOV - Hydro Turbine and Governor Model PIDGOV

− ip

KKs

+Σ+

11 asT+

1d

a

sKsT+

Σ+

+

11 asT+

1perm

reg

RsT+

SBASEMBASE

Σ +

0

1

1

bT1s

MAXG

MING

MAXVel

MINVelGate

Power

12

3

11 2

Z

Z

sTsT−+

+

( )Z tw wT = A *T

turbD

Σ−

+

−Σ

Feedback signal

Model supported by PSSEModel supported by PSLF

3

2

1

4

5

6

7 mechP

REFP

elecP

(G0,0), (G1,P1), (G2,P2), (1,P3) are x,y coordinates of Power vs. Gate function

1 - Mechanical Output2 - Measured Delta P3 - PI4 - Reg15 - Derivative6 - Reg27 - Gate

States

ΔωSpeed

Governor PLAYINGOV With the PLAYINGOV model, specify the index (FIndex) of a specified PlayIn structure. That signal will then be played into the model as the mechanical power (Pmech) during the simulation.

Governor SHAF25

25 Masses Torsional Shaft Governor Model SHAF25

Model supported by PSSE

State # State number containing delta speed Var # Variable number containing electrical torque Xd - Xdp Xd - X'd Tdop T'do Exciter # Exciter number Gen # Generator number H 1 to H 25 H of mass 1 to H of mass 25 PF 1 to PF 25 Power fraction of 1 to power fraction of 25 D 1 to D 25 D of mass 1 to D of mass 25 K 1-2 to K 24-25 K shaft mass 1-2 to K shaft 25-25

Governor TGOV1

Governor TGOV1 Steam Turbine-Governor Model TGOV1

1

11 sT+

MAXV

MINV

1R+

tD

2

3

11

sTsT

++

+

−Σ ΣREFP mechP2 1

1 - Turbine Power2 - Valve Position

States

Model supported by PSSEModel supported by PSLF

ΔωSpeed

Governor TGOV2

Governor TGOV2 Steam Turbine-Governor with Fast Valving Model TGOV2

1

11 sT+

MAXV

MINV

Reference MECHP1R+

tD

− 3

11

KsT−+

+

−Σ 1 t

vsT+

K

Σ+

I

A A

B B

T : Time to initiate fast valving.

T : Intercept valve, , fully closed T seconds after fast valving initiation.

T : Intercept valve starts to reopen T seconds after fast va

v

C C

lving initiation.

T : Intercept valve again fully open T seconds after fast valving initiation.

ΔωSpeed

Model supported by PSSE

321

4

CT

BT

AT

IT ( )I AT T+ ( )I BT T+ ( )I CT T+

Time, seconds

1.

0.

Inte

rcep

t Val

ve P

ositi

on

1 - Throttle2 - Reheat Pressure3 - Reheat Power4 - Intercept Valve

States

Governor TGOV3

RMAXP

Governor TGOV3 Modified IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor with Fast Valving Model

−4

11 sT+

REFP

2

1

(1 )1

K sTsT++ 3

1T

CU

OU1sΣ

1K 2K

6

11 sT+

3K

Σ+

+

+

+

+

Σ

MAXP

MINP5

1sT

+ vΣ−

I

A A

B B

T : Time to initiate fast valving.

T : Intercept valve, , fully closed T seconds after fast valving initiation.

T : Intercept valve starts to reopen T seconds after fast va

v

C C

lving initiation.

T : Intercept valve again fully open T seconds after fast valving initiation.

CT

BT

AT

IT ( )I AT T+ ( )I BT T+ ( )I CT T+

Time, seconds

1.

0.

Inte

rcep

t Val

ve P

ositi

on

MECHP

Model supported by PSLFModel supported by PSSE

0 0.3

0.8

Intercept Valve Position

Flow

321

4 56

1 - LL2 - StateT33 - StateT44 - StateT55 - StateT66 - Intercept Valve

States

Gv1,Pgv1 ... Gv6, Pgv6 are x,y coordinates of Flow vs. Intercept Valve Position function

ΔωSpeed

Governor TGOV5

Governor_TGOV5 - IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model Modified to Include Boiler Controls

+HPSPEED

ω∆4

11 sT+

OP

2

1

(1 )1

K sTsT++ 3

1T

CU

OU1s

MAXV

MINV

1K

5

11 sT+

3K

6

11 sT+

5K

7

11 sT+

7K

Σ Σ

2K 4K 6K 8K

Σ Σ

Σ

Σ

HPPMECH

LPPMECH

+

+

+

+

+

+

++

++

++

1MP

2MP

−sm

1MW

MW

KsT+ELECP

B

f∆

14K1s

MINR

MAXRMAXL

MINL

Σ +++

Σ

OPLK

ΣΣMWDemand

DesiredMW2C Σ

+

12K

+

13K

Σ

3C

+

+

SPP DPE−DPE

Dead Band

EP(Pressure Error)

π

( )( )( )1

1 11

I I R

R

K sT sTs sT+ +

+

MAXC

EP

π

Fuel Dynamics

Σ+

++

1

BsC

−+

Σ11K

10K

Σ

TP

DP 9K

1CΣ

Σ− +

+ +

πOP

π

sm

sm

SPP

π

DesiredMW

MINC

Model supported by PSSE

TP

Governor_TGOV5 - IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model Modified to Include Boiler Controls

Model supported by PSSE

States: 1 – Governor Output 2 – Speed Lead-Lag 3 – Turbine Bowl 4 – Reheater 5 – Crossover 6 – Double Reheat 7 – PELEC 8 – PO 9 – FuelDyn1 10 – FuelDyn2 11 – Controller1 12 – Controller2 13 – PD 14 – Delay1 15 – Delay2 16 – Delay3 17 – Delay4

Governor URGS3T

Governor URGS3T WECC Gas Turbine Model

GV

GVP

2db1

1sT

refP err

1db+

+4

5

(1 )1aK sT

sT+

+LVGATE

+

MAXV

MINV

2

2

11

AsTBsT

++

LIMR

+ mechP

TK3

11 sT+ΣΣIDLEF

MAXL

++ −

+

turbD

ΣΣ

IDLEF−

1R

Σ

Speed

11 LTRsT+

+Σ−

V INC LIM TRAT

LIM MAX

If (D >L ), then R = L else, R = R

Σ

VD

Model supported by PSSE

2

3

4

5

1

1 - Input LL2 - Integrator3 - Governor LL4 - Load Limit5 - Temperature

States

GV1, PGV1...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of vs. blockGVP GV

Governor W2301

Governor W2301 Woodward 2301 Governor and Basic Turbine Model

Speed

11 VsT+Valve Servo

+ Σ−

−GammaΣ

+

1 2Beta s+ ⋅

Σ+

11 psT+

1 0.5(1.05 )

Rho sBeta s Alpha

+ ⋅⋅ −

SpeedRef

+ Σ

gnl

−Turbine

PIController

+

mechP3

21

4

1 - PelecSensed2 - PI3 - Valve4 - Turbine

States

D

11

t turb

turb

sK TsT

++

refP

Model supported by PSLFGain, Velamx read but not implemented in Simulator.

Gmax

Gmin

elecP

Governor WEHGOV

Governor WEHGOV Woodward Electric Hydro Governor Model

0 (Speed deadband)( ) (Speed deadband) (Speed deadband)( ) (Speed deadband) (Speed deadband)

Out if ERROut ERR I if ERROut ERR I if ERR

= <= − >= + < −

Governor and Hydraulic Actuators

Model supported by PSSE

(*)

(*)

1

WsT0H =1

π÷ πΣ+

−H 4

ssq/q

Turbine Flow, qFlow

mssPGate position, g

Gate

Flow

ss

Steady-StateFlow, q mssP

+

−Σ mechP

g πturbDSpeed

IKs

Gmin-DICN

6

Gmax+DICN

Σ++

+

PKERR

Speed deadband

Σ Σ 1

DVsT11

1 PsT+

Gmin-DPV

Gmax+DPVPilot Valve

1D

D

sKsT+

Feedbacksignal=1 Feedback

signal=0

+

gGTMXCL*T

gGTMXOP*T

2

Gate position, g1s

3

Gmax

Gmin

1

gT1 PE

RpermPEsT+

7

Distribution Valve

RpermGate

0

Feedbacksignal

SBASEMBASE

elecP

Turbine Dynamics

5

1 - Pilot Valve2 - DistributionValve3 - Gate4 - Turbine Flow5 - Derivative6 - Integrator7 - PelecSensed

States

(Gate 1, Flow G1)...(Gate 5, Flow G5) are x,y coordinates of Flow vs. Gate function(Flow P1, PMECH 1)...(Flow P10, PMECH 10) are x,y coordinates of Pmss vs. Flow function

+−

1−10

refP

Governor WESGOV

Governor WESGOV Westinghouse Digital Governor for Gas Turbine Model

*

Droop

ΔωSpeed

PK

+1

IsT ( )( )1 2

11 1sT sT+ +Σ+

11 pesT+

**

+

Σ

Reference

Digital Control***

lim

*Sample hold with sample period defined by Delta TC.**Sample hold with sample period defined by Delta TP.

***Maximum change is limited to A between sampling times

.

mechP

elecP

32

1

4

1 - PEMeas2 - Control3 - Valve4 - PMech

States

Model supported by PSSElimA read but not implemented in Simulator

Governor WNDTGE

Governor WNDTGE Wind Turbine and Turbine Control Model for GE Wind Turbines

Model supported by PSLF

++

11 psT+

11 5s+

+

RotorModel

Over/UnderSpeed Trip

TripSignalω

rotorω

/pp ipK K s+

20.67 1.42 0.51elec elecP P− + +refω

cmdθ

WindPowerModel

BladePitch

θ

Σ

/ptrq itrqK K s+1

1 pcsT+π

ω

ordP

+

−/pc icK K s+ Σ

Σ

ω

Power ResponseRate Limit

Apcflg is set to zero. Limits on states 2 and 3 and trip signal are not implemented.

Anti-windup onPitch Limits

mechP

elecP

elecP

Anti-windup onPower Limits

Anti-windup on Pitch LimitsTorqueControl

Pitch Control

PitchCompensation

PIMax & PIRat

PImin & -PIRat

errω PWmax & PWrat

PWmin & -PWrat

1 2

4

5

7

6

3

8

91 - Pitch2 - Pitch Control3 - Torque Control4 - Pitch Compensation5 - Power Control6 - Speed Reference7 - Mech Speed8 - Mech Angle9 - Elect Speed10- ElectAngle11- Washout12- Active Power

States10

WindPowerModel

if (fbus < fb ORfbus > fc)

FrequencyResponse

Curve

Active PowerControl

(optional)

avlP

avfP

To gewtgTrip Signal

(glimit)

WTG TerBus Freq

AuxiliarySignal(psig)

fbusΣ+

+

setp0

1

fflg

apcflg minP

maxP

stlp

setAPCP

1

MAX

ReleaseP

if fflg set

WindSpeed

(glimv)

1

12

11 pavsT+

+

− 1W

W

sTsT+

Σ++

11

wshoΣ perr

plim

Spdwl

Simulator calculates initial windspeed Spdwl.

ordP

ΣdbrP

+

+

Governor WNDTGE Wind Turbine and Turbine Control Model for GE Wind Turbines

1s

Two - Mass Rotor Model

1s

1s

1s

12H

12 gH

tgD

baseω

baseω

mechT

elecT

tgK

++

ΣΣ

Σ

Σ

Σ

Σ

0ω+

+rotorω

shaftT

++

−−

ω∆

0ω+

+

7 8

9 10

Turbine Speed

ω Generator Speed

mechmech

mech 0

PTω ω

=+

mechω

elecω

elecelec

elec 0

PTω ω

=+

Wind Power Model( )3

mechP ,2 r w pA v Cρ λ θ=

( / )b wK vλ ω=

( )4 4

0 0, i j

p iji j

C λ θ α θ λ= =

=∑∑See charts for curve fit values

Model supported by PSLF

Governor WNDTRB

Governor WNDTRB Wind Turbine Control Model

1s

90

0

r

Rotor speedω

mechP1

2

(1 )1PK sT

sT+

++−

11 asT+

refω

Σ

woP

πMXBPR

MX-BPR

Model supported by PSLF

1 2 3cos

1 - Input2 - Blade Angle (Deg)3 - Blade Pitch Factor

States

Governor WPIDHY

Governor WPIDHY Woodward PID Hydro Governor Model

−+

+

PK

DsK

iKs

+

+ ( )21

1 AsT+Σ 1s

MAXVel

11 BsT+Σ

1 REG

REGsT+

+ Σ−

MAXG

MING

MAXP

MINP

1

12

W

W

sTTs

+PG

D

+

Σ

0( ,0)G

1 1( , )G P

2 2( , )G P

3(1, )P

Gate Position (pu)

0 1.0

Model supported by PSSE

REFP

ΔωSpeed

MECHP

ELECP Per U

nit O

utpu

t (M

BA

SE)

1

2

45

763

1 - Mechanical Output2 - Measured Delta P3 - PID14 - PID25 - PID36 - Velocity7 - Gate

States

MINVel

Governor WSHYDD

Governor WSHYDD WECC Double-Derivative Hydro Governor Model

GVN

Δω(Speed) err

1db

11 DsT+

1

1 F

sKsT+

( )

22

21 F

s KsT+

+

+

+Σ IKs

refP

R

Σ+

11 TsT+( 0)TT >

elecP

1G

P

KsT+

OPENVEL

CLOSEVEL

1s

MAXP

MINP

2db

GV 11

turb turb

turb turb

sA TsB T

++

rateTMVA

GVP mechP+

Σ

Model supported by PSSE

0TT =

2 3

7

8

6

1

mech

D elec

1

2

2

1 - P 6 - Integrator2 - T 7 - P Sensed3 - K 8 - Valve4 - K first 9 - Gate5 - K second

States

4 5

9

Inputs GV1, PGV1...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of blockGVN

Governor WSHYGP

Governor WSHYGP WECC GP Hydro Governor Plus Model

GVN

err

1db

11 DsT+

IKs

1D

f

sKsT+

+

+

+

R 11 tsT+( 0)tT >

1G

P

KsT+

1s 2db

GV 11

turb turb

turb turb

sA TsB T

++

rateTMVA

GVP+

Σ

PK

Σ+

0tT =

CVΣ

Model supported by PSSE

176

5

3

4

2

mechP

elecP

Δω(Speed)

refP

OPENVEL

CLOSEVEL

MAXP

MINP

mech elec

D

1 - P 5 - P Sensed2 - T 6 - Valve3 - Integrator 7 - Gate4 - Derivative

States

GV1, PGV1...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of blockGVN

Governor WSIEG1

Governor WSIEG1 WECC Modified IEEE Type 1 Speed-Governor Model

Δω err

1db

4

11 sT+

1K

5

11 sT+

3K

6

11 sT+

5K

7

11 sT+

7K

Σ Σ

2K 4K 6K 8K

Σ Σ

Σ

Σ

HPPMECH

LPPMECH

+

+

+

+

+

+

++

++

++

M1P

M2P

GVN

OU

CU

1s

MAXP

MINP

2db

GV GVP−

−3

1T

K 2

1

11

sTsT

++

CV Σ

0GV

+

Model supported by PSSEGV1, PGV1...GV5, PGV5 are the x,y coordinates of blockGVN

1

653 4

2

1 - Lead-lag2 - Governor Output3 - Turbine 14 - Turbine 25 - Turbine 36 - Turbine 4

States

MIN MIN

MAX MAX

MIN MIN

MAX MAX

Iblock 1 : if P =0, P =PinitialIblock 2 : if P =0, P =PinitialIblock 3 : if P =0, P =Pinitial

: if P =0, P =Pinitial

===

Governor WT12T1

Governor WT12T1 Two-Mass Turbine Model for Type 1 and Type 2 Wind Generators

FromWT12AModel

Initial rotor slip

+−

Model supported by PSSE

Σ

Σ Σ

Σ

Σ

Σ

+

+

+

+ +

+

+

+

shaftD

Damp

12 tH s

12 gH s

1s

baseω

baseω

baseω Rotorangle

deviation

Σ shaftKs

elecT

mechT Speed

t tfrac

g t2

t gshaft

0

H =H×HH =H-H

2H ×H ×(2π×Freq1)K =

H×ω

1 - TurbineSpeed2 - ShaftAngle3 - GenSpeed4 - GenDeltaAngle

States

3

2

1

4

Governor WT1T

Governor WT1T Wind Turbine Model for Type-1 Wind Turbines

Model supported by PSLF

+ 12H

1sΣ

÷

shaftD

12 tH

1s

12 gH

1s

1s

K

÷

÷

Σ

Σ

Σ

Σ

Σt tfrac

g t2

t g

H =H×HH =H-H

2H ×H ×(2π×Freq1)K =

H

mechP

genP

Type 1 WTG Turbine Two - mass Model

Type 1 WTG Turbine One - mass Model

mechT

elecT

FromGovernor

Model

FromGenerator

Model

tω∆

gω∆

tgω∆tgω∆

+

+

+

+

accT

FromGenerator

Model

FromGovernor

Model

mechP

genP

ToGenerator Model andGovernor

Model

ω

1

2

3 4

1 - TurbineSpeed2 - ShaftAngle3 - GenSpeed4 - GenDeltaAngle

States

1

Damp

1s

Governor WT2T

Governor Model WT2T

Model supported by PSLF

H Inertia Damp Damping factor Htfrac Turbine inertia fraction Freq1 First shaft torsional frequency DShaft Shaft damping factor

Governor WT3T

Governor WT3T Wind Turbine Model for Type-3 (Doubly-fed) Wind Turbines

t tfrac

g t2

t g

H =H×HH =H-H

2H ×H ×(2π×Freq1)K =

H

Type 3 WTG Turbine Two - mass Model

1 - TurbineSpeed2 - ShaftAngle3 - GenSpeed4 - GenDeltaAngle

States

+ 12H

1sΣ

÷−

Type 3 WTG Turbine One - mass Model

accT

FromGenerator

Model

FromPitch Control

Model

mechPgenP

To Pitch Control Model and Converter Control Model

ω1+Σ−+

SimplifiedAerodynamic Model

π

moP

aeroKΣ+

Blade Pitchθ

Model supported by PSLF

2

2 1When windspeed > rated windspeed, blade pitch initialized to 10.75 W

ThetaV

θ

= −

Damp

shaftD

12 tH

1s

12 gH

1s

1s

K

÷

÷

Σ

Σ

Σ

Σ

Σ

mechP

genP

mechT

elecT

tω∆

gω∆

tgω∆tgω∆

+

+

+

+

1

2

3 41s

Governor WT3T1

Governor WT3T1 Mechanical System Model for Type 3 Wind Generator

Model supported by PSSE

+−Σ

Σ

Σ

Σ

Σ

+

+

+

+ +

+ +

+

shaftD

12 tH s

12 gH s

1s

baseω

Σ shaftKs

elecT

mechT

t tfrac

g t2

t gshaft

0

H =H×HH =H-H

2H ×H ×(2π×Freq1)K =

H×ω

3

2

1

4

Damp

+ Σ−+−

InitialPitchAngle

π aeroP initialaeroKΣ

+Blade Pitchθ

0θ1

1 State 1+

baseω

baseω

From WT3P1 Model

Rotor Angle

Deviation

Initial rotor slip

mechTΣ

tω∆

gω∆

tgω∆

Governor WT4T

Model supported by PSSE

Governor WT4T Simplified Type-4 (Full Converter) Wind Turbine

_ Pelec Pord

1 2

States: 1 – Pelec 2 – PIOut 3 – Feedback

+

+

3

dPmin

dPmax

Pref

_ _

Pref

Piin Piou

2 CR

HVDC Two Terminal DC Control Diagram

1

2 3

(1 )(1 )(1 )

K sTsT sTα− +

+ +

ΣDESP MODPRECT+ +

DESDES

MEAS

PIV

=11 vsT+

DCV MEASVDESICONSTANT

POWERCONSTANTCURRENT

MEASVMINV

MAXI

MINI

If If , If ,

MIN DES MAX

ORD DES

MIN DES ORD DES

MAX DES ORD MAX

I I II II I I II I I I

≤ ≤=> =< =

11 CsT+

DCIMAXI

+

− +

MARGINSWITCHLOGIC 10%*

*MIN MAX

MIN LIM RATED

I IV V V

==

ORDI−LIM

0

Σ'Vα +

+

Σcoscos

R

I

αα

11 DsT+

1.35 CE

Vαcos cos

cos cos

R oOR

IOR

VEVE

α

α

α γ

α γ

= −

= −

OR OIE E

( )MEASI

RECTIFIER ( )MEASI

INVERTER

( )MODI

RECTIFIER

( )

CURRENTMARGIN

INVERTER

VOLTAGETRANSDUCER

CURRENTTRANSDUCER

0 min(cos cos ) 2 ( )(cos cos ) 2 ( )

OR MEAS C

OI STOP MEAS C

LIM E I R RECTLIM E I R IVERT

γ γγ γ

= + −= + −

MEASI

Available in old BPA IPF software

HVDC WSCC Stability Program Two-Terminal DC Line Model

ArV AiV

'rD '

iDrV iV piV

crX crR srL R L siL ciRviV ciX

1 2

3

vrV

prV

rP iP

I

r rPGEN jQGEN+

1: rNi iPGEN jQGEN−

:1iN

' '

'

3 2 3 2 cos cos2

3cos PGEN

cos

crr r AR pr r r

pr

r r cr r r

rr

r

IXE N V VV

ID E X D I

DE

γ θπ π

απ

θ

= = = −

= − =

=

' '

'

3 2 3 2 cos cos2

3cos PGEN

cos

cii i Ai pi i i

pi

i i ci i i

ii

i

IXE N V VV

ID E X D I

DE

β θπ π

απ

θ

= = = −

= − =

=

''

'''

( cos cos ) /

( cos cos ) /3WHERE ( )

r MIN i MIN vr vi TOT

r MIN i STOP vr vi TOT

TOT cr ci cr ci

I E E V V RI E E V V R

R R R R X X

α γα γ

π

= − − −

= + − −

= + + + −

Available in old BPA IPF software

6 CXπ

HVDC-MTDC Control System for Rectifiers and Inverters without Current Margin

1

2 3

(1 )(1 )(1 )

K sTsT sTα− +

+ +

DESDES

MEAS

PIV

=11 vsT+

DCV LAGVDESICONSTANT

POWERCONSTANTCURRENT

VDV

MAXI

MINI

If If , If ,

MIN D MAX

ORD D

D MAX ORD MAX

D MIN ORD MIN

I I II II I I II I I I

≤ ≤=

> =< =

11 CsT+

DCI

ORDILIM

0.0

3V

11 LIMsT+

doV

cos cos ONdoL

VV

αα γ= −

MEASI

REFI

0 min

0

(cos cos ) (cos cos )

doL

doL STOP

RECT LIM VINV LIM V

γ γγ γ

= += +

MEASI

+

Σ

1V Vα GREATEROF THE

TWO

CV

doLV

+1.

1.−

cosα

'MAXI

Available in old BPA IPF software

6 CXπ

HVDC-MTDC Control System for Terminals with Current Margin

1

2 3

(1 )(1 )(1 )

K sTsT sTα− +

+ +

+

ORDI

LIM

0.0

3V

11 LIMsT+

doV

cos cos ONdoL

VV

αα γ= −

MEASI

MARGI

(cos cos )doL ON STOPLIM V γ γ= +

MEASI+

1V Vα GREATEST

OF THETWO

CV

doLV

+1.

1.−

cosα

DCI 11 CsT+

1ORDI2ORDI

3ORDI

-1ORD NI

... Σ

Σ

2 ( )cos cosC MARGON o

do INITIAL

R FRAC IV

γ γ= +

(cos cos ) 2CORD do ON o C ORDV V R Iγ γ= − +

CORDV

0.25FRAC =

Available in old BPA IPF software

HVDC Detailed VDCL and Mode Change Card Multi-Terminal

DES

MEAS

PV

DES

MEAS

PV

1MEAS CV V>

ORDI

MEASV NO

YES

DESI

VDCL

1

Mode Change PU rated DC Voltage below

which mode is changed to constant from constant

CV

I P

1.0

1Y

0Y

1V 2V

CURRENT

VOLTAGE

1 0

1 2

VDCL, PU Current on rated Current base, V PU Voltage on rated Voltage base

Y YV

Available in old BPA IPF software

HVDC Equivalent Circuit of a Two Terminal DC Line

drV diV ciE

rX crR LR ciR iX

crE

dI, r rP Q

1:T

+

+

rR eqrR eqiR iR

, i iP Q

rEα iEαcosdor rV α cosdoi iV α−

1:T

DrV DiV

Available in old BPA IPF software

2 CR

HVDC BPA Converter Controller

1

2 3

(1 )(1 )(1 )

K sTsT sTα− +

+ +

ΣDESP MODPRECT+ +

DESDES

MEAS

PIV

=11 vsT+

DCV MEASVDESICONSTANT

POWERCONSTANTCURRENT

MEASVMINV

MAXI

MINI

If If , If ,

MIN DES MAX

ORD DES

MIN DES ORD DES

MAX DES ORD MAX

I I II II I I II I I I

≤ ≤=> =< =

11 CsT+

DCIMAXI

+

− +

MARGINSWITCHLOGIC 10%*

*MIN MAX

MIN LIM RATED

I IV V V

==

ORDI−LIM

0

Σ'Vα +

+

Σcoscos

R

I

αα

11 DsT+

1.35 CE

Vαcos cos

cos cos

R oOR

IOR

VEVE

α

α

α γ

α γ

= −

= −

OR OIE E

( )MEASI

RECTIFIER ( )MEASI

INVERTER

( )MODI

RECTIFIER

( )

CURRENTMARGIN

INVERTER

VOLTAGETRANSDUCER

CURRENTTRANSDUCER

0 min(cos cos ) 2 ( )(cos cos ) 2 ( )

OR MEAS C

OI STOP MEAS C

LIM E I R RECTLIM E I R IVERT

γ γγ γ

= + −= + −

MEASI

CURRENTCONTROLLER

DESI

Available in old BPA IPF software

HVDC BPA Block Diagram of Simplified Model

11T DC

L

i IsT+

ΣDESP( )MODPR+ +

DESDES

MEAS

PIV

=11 vsT+

drV MEASVdesICONSTANT

POWERCONSTANTCURRENT

MEASVMINV

MAXI

MINI

If If , If ,

MIN des MAX

ord des

MIN des ord MIN

MAX des ord MAX

I I II II I I II I I I

< <=≥ =≤ =

11 CsT+

dIMAXI

+

+

MARGINSWITCHLOGIC

ORDI

ord rIΣMODI

d MEASI

Control SchemeLogic

desI

+DI

DI +

+

I∆Σ

ord iI

0 0cos cos 2dor doi i

T

V V VR

α γ− −dorV

doiV

ordI

−( )current margin

. INV Controller

DCI

ord iI

ord rI

dIcoscos

r

i

αα

Control Scheme Logic

If: ; cos cos 2

T ordr d ordr

i o dor r doi o D T D

T ordi

i I CC CEA Control I IV V V R I

i I CIA CC Controlγ γ α γ

≥ → − → == = + +

≥ → − ; cos cos 2

d ordi

r o doi i do o D T D

ordi T ordr d T

I IV V V R I

I i I CIA CEA Control I iγ γ γ α

→ == = − −

< < → − → = ; r o i oα α γ γ= =Available in old BPA IPF software

HVDC BPA Block Diagram of Simplified Model

1 d

ssT+

11 fsT+

ss ε+

2

2

s sA Bs sC D

+ ++ +

K

MINI

MAXIMODI

AC

AC

IP

Low Level Modulation

1 d

ssT+

11 fsT+

ss ε+

2

2

s sA Bs sC D

+ ++ +

K*

MINP

*MAXP

MODPAC

AC

IP

High Level Modulation

11 d

ssT+ 1

11 fsT+ 1

ss ε+

21 1

21 1

s sA Bs sC D

+ ++ +

1K1

RECTω

21 d

ssT+ 2

11 fsT+ 2

ss ε+

22 2

22 2

s sA Bs sC D

+ ++ +

2K2

INVω

MINP

MAXP+

MODPΣ

Dual Frequancy Modulation

*MAX MAX DESIREDP P P= − *

MIN MIN DESIREDP P P= −

Available in old BPA IPF software

HVDC BPA Block Diagram of Simplified Model

11ssT+

3

41A sT

sT++

5

61B sT

sT++

MINγ

MAXγγ

ACV

Gamma Modulation

1 3 4 5

MAX

, , , are in secs. is in degrees/pu volts, are in degrees , must be 1 or zero

HILO must be 5MIN

T T T T KA B

γγ γ

REFV

+

−Σ +

+

Σ

Available in old BPA IPF software

DC Converter Equations Revisited Normally the rectifier and inverter equations are written in terms of the firing angles 𝛼 and 𝛾.

Rectifier Equations Inverter Equations

𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑟 =3√2𝑁𝜋

�𝐷𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑇𝑎𝑝

�Vac cos(𝛼) − 𝑁 �3𝑋𝑐𝜋

+ 2𝑅𝑐� 𝐼𝑑𝑐

𝐸𝑎𝑐 = �𝐷𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑇𝑎𝑝

�Vac

𝜇 = cos−1 �cos𝛼 −√2𝐼𝑑𝑐𝑋𝑐𝐸𝑎𝑐

� − 𝛼

𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑖 =3√2𝑁𝜋

�𝐷𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑇𝑎𝑝

�Vac cos(𝛾) + 𝑁 �−3𝑋𝑐𝜋

+ 2𝑅𝑐� 𝐼𝑑𝑐

𝐸𝑎𝑐 = �𝐷𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑇𝑎𝑝

�Vac

𝜇 = cos−1 �cos 𝛾 −√2𝐼𝑑𝑐𝑋𝑐𝐸𝑎𝑐

� − 𝛾

For transient stability purposes it is more convenient to write the inverter equations in terms of 𝛽. 𝛽 is related to 𝛾 by 𝛽 = 𝜇 + 𝛾. During the simulation we will need to flip back and forth between 𝛽 and 𝛾, thus express 𝛽 as a function of 𝛾 and vice versa.

𝛽 = cos−1 �cos 𝛾 − √2𝐼𝑑𝑐𝑋𝑐𝐸𝑎𝑐

� and 𝛾 = cos−1 �cos𝛽 + √2𝐼𝑑𝑐𝑋𝑐𝐸𝑎𝑐

�. Now using the relationship cos 𝛾 = cos𝛽 + √2𝐼𝑑𝑐𝑋𝑐

𝐸𝑎𝑐, rewrite the DC voltage equation for the inverter in terms of 𝛽.

𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑖 =3√2𝑁𝜋

𝐸𝑎𝑐 �cos𝛽 +√2𝐼𝑑𝑐𝑋𝑐𝐸𝑎𝑐

� + 𝑁 �−3𝑋𝑐𝜋

+ 2𝑅𝑐� 𝐼𝑑𝑐

𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑖 =3√2𝑁𝜋

𝐸𝑎𝑐 cos𝛽 + 𝑁 �6𝑋𝑐𝜋

𝐼𝑑𝑐� + 𝑁 �−3𝑋𝑐𝜋

+ 2𝑅𝑐� 𝐼𝑑𝑐

𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑖 =3√2𝑁𝜋

𝐸𝑎𝑐 cos𝛽 + 𝑁 �3𝑋𝑐𝜋

+ 2𝑅𝑐� 𝐼𝑑𝑐 Using these equations, model the converter in the DC network equations as follows, with the extra constraint that the currents can NOT be negative.

𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑣 𝑅𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡

𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑣 𝐸𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝐸𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 =

3√2𝑁𝜋

�𝐷𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑇𝑎𝑝

�Vac cos(𝛼𝑟)

𝑅𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 = 𝑁 �3𝑋𝑐𝜋

+ 2𝑅𝑐�

𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝐼𝑖𝑛𝑣

𝐸𝑖𝑛𝑣 =3√2𝑁𝜋

�𝐷𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑇𝑎𝑝

�Var cos(𝛽)

𝑅𝑖𝑛𝑣 = 𝑁 �3𝑋𝑐𝜋

+ 2𝑅𝑐�

+ --

+ --

Multi-Terminal DC Network DC Network Equations

𝑅𝑎 𝐿𝑎 𝑅𝑏 𝐿𝑏

𝑅𝑐

𝑅𝑑

𝐿𝑐

𝐿𝑑

𝑅𝑠

𝑅𝐶3 𝑅𝐶1

𝐸𝐶3 𝐸𝐶1

𝐸𝑆

𝐸𝐶1 =3√2𝑁𝜋

�𝐷𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑇𝑎𝑝

�VacC1cos (𝛼𝐶1) 𝐸𝐶3 =3√2𝑁𝜋

�𝐷𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑇𝑎𝑝

�VacC3cos (𝛼𝐶3)

𝐸𝑆 =3√2𝑁𝜋

�𝐷𝐶𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑇𝑎𝑝

�VacScos (𝛽𝑆)

VacS, VacC3, VacC1

Following are AC per unit voltages from the network equations.

cos(𝛽𝑆) , cos(𝛼𝐶1) , cos (𝛼𝐶1)

Following are outputs of the various dynamic DC converter models.

𝐼𝑐1 𝐼𝑏

𝐼𝑐

𝐼𝑑

𝐼𝑐3

𝐼𝑠

𝐼𝑎

𝑅𝐶1 = 𝑁𝐶1 �3𝑋𝑐𝐶1𝜋

+ 2𝑅𝑐𝐶1� 𝑅𝐶3 = 𝑁𝐶3 �

3𝑋𝑐𝐶3𝜋

+ 2𝑅𝑐𝐶3�

𝑅𝑆 = 𝑁𝑆 �3𝑋𝑐𝑆𝜋

+ 2𝑅𝑐𝑆� Note: For coding purposes it is easier to flip the direction of the current at the inverter and then just require that it be negative instead of positive

+ --

+ --

+ --

Implementation of the numerical solution of the PDCI In the normal network boundary equations and in Simulator's power flow engine, the DC converter control is assumed to be instantaneous. We assume that firing angle move instantaneously to bring DC currents instantaneously to a new operating point. For the PDCI we will be removing these assumptions completely and modeling the dynamics of the firing angle control. It is convenient for numerical reasons to make the control output of the DC converter equal to either cos(𝛼) and cos(𝛽) depending on whether the converter is acting as a rectifier or inverter. Here we will describe how this changes the numerical simulation of the multi-terminal DC line. Inside the transient stability engine in Simulator, an explicit integration method is used. Thus the general process of solving the equations is to use a numerical integration time step to update all dynamic state variables and then another step to update all the algebraic variables such as the AC system voltage and angle (network boundary equations). The MTDC simulation is added into this framework as follows. During each time-step of the numerical simulation of the multi-terminal DC Line, the following steps are taken

1. Using the standard routines within Simulator to calculate the new states for the dynamic models MTDC_PDCI, CONV_CELILO_E, CONV_CELILO_N, and CONV_SYLMAR. This is done along with all the other thousands of dynamic models. --> Updated Variables are cos(𝛼) or cos(𝛽) terms for the DC converters

2. Before solving all the other algebraic equations using the AC network boundary equations, take the new cos(𝛼) and cos(𝛽) terms and use them to model a step change in the DC voltages seen by the DC network equations. Use numerical integration to simulate the change in DC voltages and DC currents on the transmission lines for this time-step. Note that this is the only place in the numerical routines where the DC system currents in the system change. --> Updated Variables are the DC voltages and DC Currents

3. Finally, when the normal AC network boundary equations are being solved we must modify how the DC network equations are handled. Without the dynamic model for the MTDC line modeled, we assume that the DC currents respond instantaneously to a change in the DC voltages by an instantaneous change in the converter firing angles. Because the PDCI is modeling the actual dynamics of the DC converter firing angle change, we must assume that the firing angles remain constant during the network boundary equation solution instead. In addition, the PTDC is a very long transmission line and thus has a substantial inductance, therefore the current cannot change instantaneously either and must be assumed constant during the network boundary equation solution. This means that in order to solve the DC network equations we must allow the voltages in the DC network to change but since we're not allowing the currents to change, then this means all voltage changes from resistances must be zero. This means that the new voltage variations must be coming from the inductor L*dI/dt terms. We will show this below. --> Updated Variables are DC voltages

Numerical Integration to model the change in DC currents and DC voltages after a change in the 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝜶) and 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝜷) terms DC Converter equations are as follows, where R and E were described earlier. The unknown variable associated with this equation is the DC current. Note that it's possible for this to result in a current that is impossible (negative current injected into DC network for a rectifier or positive injection for an inverter). In that case we use a different equation which sets the current to zero.

DC transmission line equations are as follows. The unknown variable associate with this equation is the DC line current.

DC Bus equation is just Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL). The unknown variable associated with the equation is the DC bus voltage.

𝐼𝑎 + 𝐼𝑏 + 𝐼𝑐 + ⋯ = 0

𝑅 𝐿

𝐼 𝑉𝑘(𝑛) − 𝑉𝑚(𝑛) − 𝑅𝐼(𝑛) = 𝐿

𝑑𝐼𝑑𝑡

(𝑛) 𝑉𝑘 +

_ 𝑉𝑚 +

_

dxdt (n) + dx

dt (n − 1)2

=x(n) − x(n − 1)

h

dxdt

(n) =2h

x(n) − �2h

x(n − 1) +dxdt

(n − 1)�

Remember the trapezoidal integration rule:

which gives

Where n = the present integer time step

h = the duration of the time step x(n) = value at present time x(n − 1) = value at previous time step

𝑉𝑘(𝑛) − 𝑉𝑚(𝑛) + �−𝑅 −2𝐿ℎ� 𝐼(𝑛) = �+𝑅 −

2𝐿ℎ� 𝐼(𝑛 − 1) − 𝑉𝑘(𝑛 − 1) + 𝑉𝑚(𝑛 − 1)

𝑉𝑘(𝑛) − 𝑉𝑚(𝑛) − 𝑅𝐼(𝑛) =2𝐿ℎ𝐼(𝑛) − �

2𝐿ℎ𝐼(𝑛 − 1) + 𝐿

𝑑𝐼𝑑𝑡

(𝑛 − 1)�

Use the trapezoidal rule to write the dI/dt(n) term

𝑉𝑘(𝑛) − 𝑉𝑚(𝑛) − 𝑅𝐼(𝑛) =2𝐿ℎ𝐼(𝑛) − �

2𝐿ℎ𝐼(𝑛 − 1)� − [𝑉𝑘(𝑛 − 1) − 𝑉𝑚(𝑛 − 1) − 𝑅𝐼(𝑛 − 1)]

Use the standard relationship above to write the LdI/dt(n-1) term

Finally, group the terms that are a function of values at time (n) on the left and time (n-1) on the right

𝑅𝐼 + 𝑉𝑡 = 𝐸 𝑜𝑟 𝐼 = 0 𝑅

𝐸 𝐼 𝑉𝑡 +

_

+ --

Using the PDCI as an example, the following matrix equations are created.

Ic1 Ic3 Is Ic Ia Ib Id v3 v4 v7 v8 v9

X

B

Celilo1

Rc1 1

Ic1 (n)

Ec1 Celilo3

Rc3 1

Ic3 (n)

Ec2

Sylmar1

Rs 1

Is (n)

Es

LineC

(-Rc-2Lc/h) 1 -1

Ic (n)

(+Rc-2Lc/h)*Ic(n-1) - v3 (n-1) + v4 (n-1)

LineA

(-Ra-2La/h) -1 1

Ia (n)

(+Ra-2La/h)*Ia(n-1)

- v7 (n-1) + v3 (n-1)

LineB

(-Rb-2Lb/h) -1 1

Ib (n) = (+Rb-2Lb/h)*Ib(n-1)

- v8 (n-1) + v3 (n-1)

LineD

(-Rd-2Ld/h) -1 1

Id (n)

(+Rd-2Ld/h)*Id(n-1) - v9 (n-1) + v4 (n-1)

KCL3

-1 1 1

v3 (n)

0 KCL4

1 1

v4 (n)

0

KCL7

1 -1

v7 (n)

0 KCL8

1 -1

v8 (n)

0

KCL9

1 -1

v9 (n)

0 Simulator solves this set of equations by splitting the actual integration time-step used in the standard numerical integration and dividing it by 10. We set the h variable above to the time step divided by 10 then iterate this set of equations 10 times. When solving these equations, we initially assume that none of the currents end up the wrong sign. Then after each sub time step we check if the converter currents end up as the wrong sign. If converter currents have the wrong sign, we automatically change the equation for the offending converter to force that converter current to zero and redo this sub time step. We assume the converter current remains zero during the remainder of this time step and only allow it to back-off this limit during the following time step. I believe the current would never bounce around during a time step anyway, because this is fundamentally only a set of RL circuits so you will only get a first-order RL circuit exponential decay response toward the new steady state. As an example, if the current at Celilo1 ended up the wrong sign, then its matrix equation would be rewritten as

Celilo1

1 0

Ic1 (n)

0

Solution of the algebraic change in DC voltages during the AC network boundary equation solution DC Converter equations are as follows, where R and E were described earlier. Also note that the DC current is assumed constant so it is moved to the right side as a known quantity. The unknown variable associated with this equation is the voltage at the terminal.

DC transmission line equations are as follows. The unknown variable associated with equation is the derivative of the DC current. The DC current is assumed constant during the AC network boundary equation solution.

DC Bus equation is just Kirchhoff's Current Law (KCL), but for the derivatives of the currents instead of the actual currents. The unknown variable associated with the equation is DC bus voltage. Also note that we only add an equation for DC buses which are not connected to a DC converter terminal.

Using the PDCI as an example, the following matrix equations are created

LineC

-Lc 1 -1

dIc/dt

Ic*Rc LineA

-La 1 -1

dIa/dt

Ia*Ra

LineB

-Lb 1 -1

dIb/dt

Ib*Rb LineD

-Ld 1 -1

dId/dt

Id*Rd

Celilo1

1

v7 = Ec1-Rc1*Ic1 Celilo3

1

v8

Ec3-Rc3*Ic3

Sylmar1

1

v9

Es-Rs*Is KCL3

-1 1 1 0

v3

0

KCL4

1 1 0

v4

0

𝑑𝐼𝑎𝑑𝑡

+𝑑𝐼𝑏𝑑𝑡

+𝑑𝐼𝑐𝑑𝑡

+ ⋯ = 0

𝑅 𝐿

𝐼 𝑉𝑘 − 𝑉𝑚 − 𝐿

𝑑𝐼𝑑𝑡

= 𝑅𝐼 𝑉𝑘 +

_ 𝑉𝑚 +

_

𝑉𝑡 = 𝐸 − 𝑅𝐼

𝑅

𝐸 𝐼 𝑉𝑡 +

_

+ --

General Overview of Multi-Terminal DC Line Model for the Pacific DC Intertie Simulator has a multi-terminal DC (MTDC) record which represents the grouping of the dc converters, dc buses and dc lines for a single pole of a MTDC transmission line. The Pacific DC Intertie (PDCI) is represented by two of these records: one for each pole of the PDCI. For the PDCI, each MTDC record contains three DC converters with two at Celilo (North end) and one at Sylmar (South end). In Simulator these DC converters are also represented by unique objects. The transient stability model of the PDCI works by assigning a dynamic model to each of the two MTDC records, and also assigning a dynamic model to each of the DC converter objects. To model this, there are 4 dynamic models

MTDC_PDCI Assigned to the MTDC record. CONV_CELILO_E Assigned to the Celilo DC converter at the 230 kV bus at Celilo (North). Note: "E" stands for "existing" CONV_CELILO_N Assigned to the Celilo DC converter at the 500 kV bus at Celilo (North). Note: "N" stands for "new" CONV_SYLMAR Assigned to the DC converter at Sylmar (South)

The flow of signals is depicted in the following image.

MTDCRecord Pole 3

Converter Celilo 230kV

Converter Celilo 500kV

Converter Sylmar

CONV_CELILO_E

MTDC_PDCI

CONV_CELILO_N CONV_SYLMAR 𝐼𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝐶𝐸

𝐼𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝐶𝑁 𝑉𝑎𝑐𝐿𝑜𝑤

𝐼𝑑𝑐 𝑉𝑑𝑐 𝑉𝑎𝑐

𝐼𝑑𝑐, 𝑉𝑑𝑐, 𝑉𝑎𝑐

𝐼𝑑𝑐,𝑉𝑑𝑐, 𝑉𝑎𝑐

cos(𝛼) 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝛼)

𝐼𝑑𝑐,𝑉𝑑𝑐 ,𝑉𝑎𝑐

cos (𝛽)

MTDCRecord Pole 4

𝑉𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒4𝑑𝑐

𝑉𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒3𝑑𝑐

Power Flow Data Record

Transient Stability Model

𝐼𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒

𝐼𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝑆

𝐼𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒

𝐼𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒 𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒

𝐼𝑑𝑐,𝑉𝑑𝑐 ,𝑉𝑎𝑐

𝐼𝑑𝑐,𝑉𝑑𝑐 ,𝑉𝑎𝑐

The function of the converts is generally described as follows. MTDC_PDCI Assigned to the MTDC record. Model will coordinate the allocation of current order reference signals

sent to the three DC converters that it manages. Model may also pass on various flags such a VacLow. Model receives signals of sensed AC and DC voltage and DC current from the converters also. The two MTDC_PDCI models will act independently of one another, except that each record passes a measurement of the DC voltage at the rectifier end of each pole to the other pole.

CONV_CELILO_E Assigned to the "existing" Celilo DC converter at the 230 kV bus at Celilo (North). Converter initializes its Isched and Psched values to those from the initial network boundary equation solution. Model will take as an input one signals from MTDC_PDCI: the current order reference signal (𝐼𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝐶𝐸).

CONV_CELILO_N Assigned to the "new" Celilo DC converter at the 500 kV bus at Celilo (North). Converter initializes its Isched and Psched values to those from the initial network boundary equation solution. Model will take as an input two signals from MTDC_PDCI: the current order reference signal (𝐼𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝐶𝑁) and the flag VacLow.

CONV_SYLMAR Assigned to the DC converter at Sylmar (South). Converter initializes its Isched and Psched values to those from the initial network boundary equation solution. Model will take as an input one signalsfrom MTDC_PDCI: the current order reference signal (𝐼𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝑆).

In addition the implementation of these four models will be automatically modify based on the initial flow in the initial system flow direction (depending whether the flow is from Celilo to Sylmar or Sylmar to Celilo). These modifications reflect the differences in how each converter behaves when acting as a rectifier or inverter. In the following block diagrams portions of the model which are only used for a flow from Celilo to Sylmar (North to South) are highlighted in green, while portion only used for a flow from Sylmar to Celilo (North to South) are highlighted in purple. Differences also have a red notation of 𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑁𝑆 added to denote highlighting. Values which are passed between models are highlighted in orange. Outputs of the control angle for DC converters are highlighted in pink.

MTDC_PDCI (North to South Implementation) Measurements and Low Voltage Detection Logic

11 + 𝑠𝑇𝑉𝑑𝑐_𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑧

2

0.51 + 𝑠𝑇𝑓_𝑉𝐷𝐶

1

𝐼𝑓 (𝑉𝑎𝑐𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑜230 < 0.5) 𝑂𝑅 (𝑉𝑎𝑐𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑜500 < 0.5) 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑽𝒂𝒄𝑳𝒐𝒘𝑪𝒆𝒍𝒊𝒍𝒐 = 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸 𝐼𝑓 (𝑉𝑎𝑐𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑜230 > 0.6) 𝐴𝑁𝐷 (𝑉𝑎𝑐𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑜500 < 0.6) 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑽𝒂𝒄𝑳𝒐𝒘𝑪𝒆𝒍𝒊𝒍𝒐 = 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸 𝐼𝑓 �𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑆𝑦𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑟 < 0.5� 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑽𝒂𝒄𝑳𝒐𝒘𝑺𝒚𝒍𝒎𝒂𝒓 = 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸 𝐼𝑓 �𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑆𝑦𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑟 > 0.6� 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑽𝒂𝒄𝑳𝒐𝒘𝑺𝒚𝒍𝒎𝒂𝒓 = 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸 𝐼𝑓 (𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑜500 < 150) 𝑂𝑅 �𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑆𝑦𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑟 < 150� 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑽𝒅𝒄𝑳𝒐𝒘 = 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸 𝐼𝑓 (𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑜500 > 350) 𝐴𝑁𝐷 �𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑆𝑦𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑟 > 350� 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑽𝒅𝒄𝑳𝒐𝒘 = 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸 𝑽𝒂𝒄𝑳𝒐𝒘 = 𝑽𝒂𝒄𝑳𝒐𝒘𝑪𝒆𝒍𝒊𝒍𝒐 𝑂𝑅 𝑽𝒅𝒂𝒄𝑳𝒐𝒘𝑺𝒚𝒍𝒎𝒂𝒓 𝑽𝒍𝒐𝒘𝑭𝒍𝒂𝒈 = 𝑽𝒂𝒄𝑳𝒐𝒘 𝑂𝑅 𝑽𝒅𝒄𝑳𝒐𝒘

DC Voltage Measurement Freeze If VLowFlag = TRUE then activate a timer TimerVDCFreeze and set timer to Tdelfriz. Continue to set this timer up to Tdelfriz as long as VLowFlag is TRUE. If VLowFlag become FALSE then start having the timer count down to zero. Once the TimerVDCFreeze reaches zero then make it inactive. Whenever TimerVDCFreeze is inactive then

Set VDCFreeze = and pass as the DC voltage to Current Order Allocation Calculation

Whenever TimerVDCFreeze is active then Pass the variable VDCFreeze as the DC voltage to the Current Order Calculation

Pole Current Margin Compensator If VLowFlag = TRUE then activate a timer TimerPCMC and set timer to Tpcmc_rst. Continue to set this timer up to Tpcmc_rst as long as VLowFlag is TRUE. If VLowFlag become FALSE then start having the timer count down to zero. Once the TimerPCMC reaches zero then make it inactive.

2 1

�𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑆𝑦𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑟3𝑃 + 𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑆𝑦𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑟4𝑃�

(𝑉𝑑𝑐𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑜3𝑃 + 𝑉𝑑𝑐𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑜4𝑃) 𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑁𝑆

State 2 from the Celilo500 and Sylmar converter

Direct readings of AC voltage at

converter buses

ΣΣ

Σ

𝑒−𝑗𝑇𝐼𝑑𝑐

MTDC_PDCI Current Order Allocation Calculations for Celilo and Sylmar

Σ

𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑉𝐷𝐶𝐿

+ _

𝐴𝐶𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑥 ∗ 2𝑠(𝑇𝑣𝑎𝑐𝑣𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑙)

−0.5

𝐴𝐶𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑥

𝐴𝐶𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑙𝑚𝑖𝑛 𝑀𝐼𝑁

4

(𝐼𝑑𝑅𝑒𝑓𝐿𝑖𝑚𝐶𝐸 + 𝐼𝑑𝑅𝑒𝑓𝐿𝑖𝑚𝐶𝑁)

Σ+

11 + 𝑠�𝑇𝑉 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑐 �

÷ 𝑀𝐼𝑁 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑑_𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒

1000 𝐷𝑒𝑛 𝑁𝑢𝑚 Σ

1𝑠𝑇𝑝𝑐𝑚𝑐

(∗)

0

330

0

Σ0

5

3

Σ_

+ +

+ +

𝑣𝑑_𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒

𝑒−𝑗𝑇𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑦

𝐼𝑑𝑅𝑒𝑓𝐿𝑖𝑚_𝑆

+

_

𝑖𝑜𝑟𝑑_𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒_𝐶

𝑖𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑓 𝑆

TimerVDCFreeze Active

𝑖𝑑_𝑝𝑜𝑐𝑙_lim_𝐶

𝑖𝑑_𝑜𝑟𝑑_𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒

1 − 𝐾𝑐

𝐾𝑐

Σ

Σ

Σ

Σ

1100

2000

+ +

_

_ +

+

+

+ Σ

Σ

Σ

Σ

𝐼𝑑𝑅𝑒𝑓𝐿𝑖𝑚_𝐶𝑁

𝐼𝑑𝑅𝑒𝑓𝐿𝑖𝑚_𝐶𝐸

+ +

_

_ +

+

+

+

𝑖𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝐶𝐸 𝑖𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝐶𝑁

𝑒−𝑗𝑇𝐼𝑑𝑐 𝑒−𝑗𝑇𝐼𝑑𝑐

1

_

𝑉𝐷𝐶𝐹𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑧𝑒

TimerVDCFreeze Inactive When TimerPCMC is Active then Reset = 0 5

(∗)

1𝑠𝑇𝑖𝑐𝑚𝑐

(∗)

Σ

Σ

Σ

(∗)

𝑖𝑑_𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛_𝐶𝐸

100 +

+ _

+

_

_ +

_ 6

Σ

𝐼𝑑𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑅𝑒𝑓𝐶 _

+

_

+

+

+

𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑁𝑆

𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑁𝑆

𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑁𝑆

𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑁𝑆

𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑁𝑆

Purple represent sections only modeled for Sylmar-Celilo Flow Green represents sections only modeled for Celilo-Sylmar flow

𝐼𝑑𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑆

+

_

0

if 𝑉𝑎𝑐𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑆𝑦𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑟 then use zero

A B C

= 𝐼𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑜500 = 𝐼𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑜230 = 𝐼𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑆𝑦𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑟

A

B C

B

A

𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑜500 State 1 from the respective DC converters

State 3 from the Celilo 500 converter

MTDC_PDCI Parameters are all hard-coded based on whether the initial flow direction of the PDCI. The parameters and the initialization are different for Celilo to Sylmar (North to South) or Sylmar to Celilo (South to North) flow. The following table shows the differences Initialization

Reference Values Celilo-Sylmar (North to South)

Sylmar - Celilo (South to North)

𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑑_𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 Initialize to Sum of Psched at two Celilo Converters

Initialize to Psched at the Sylmar Converter

Parameter Celilo-Sylmar (North to South)

Sylmar - Celilo (South to North)

𝑇𝑓𝑝𝑐𝑚𝑐_𝑟𝑠𝑡 0.1 𝐾𝐶 Initialize based on the following equation

𝐾𝐶 =𝑖𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝐶𝐸

𝑖𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝐶𝐸 + 𝑖𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝐶𝑁 𝑇𝑉𝐷𝐶_𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑧 0.53

𝑇𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑓𝑟𝑖𝑧 0.44 𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑉𝐷𝐶𝐿 228/230 n/a 𝑉𝑎𝑐𝐿𝑜𝑤𝑆𝑦𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑟 FALSE 𝐴𝐶𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑙𝑚𝑎𝑥 3100 n/a 𝑉𝑎𝑐𝐿𝑜𝑤𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑜 FALSE 𝐴𝐶𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑙𝑚𝑖𝑛 2400 n/a 𝑉𝑑𝑐𝐿𝑜𝑤 FALSE 𝑇𝑣𝑐𝑎𝑐𝑣𝑑𝑐𝑜𝑙 0.5 n/a 𝑉𝐿𝑜𝑤𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑔 FALSE

𝐼𝑑𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑅𝑒𝑓𝐶 n/a Initialize equal to State 14 to handle difference between 𝑖𝑑_𝑜𝑟𝑑_𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 and 𝑖𝑑_ref_S

𝐼𝑑𝑅𝑒𝑓𝐿𝑖𝑚𝐶𝐸 Get from CONV_CELILO_E model 𝐼𝑑𝑅𝑒𝑓𝐿𝑖𝑚𝐶𝑁 Get from CONV_CELILO_N model 𝐼𝑑𝑅𝑒𝑓𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑆 Get from CONV_SYLMAR model 𝑇𝑣_𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑐 0.05

𝑇𝑝𝑐𝑚𝑐 0.5120 𝐼𝑑𝐼𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑆 Initialize equal to State 14 to handle difference between 𝑖𝑑_𝑜𝑟𝑑_𝑝𝑜𝑙𝑒 and 𝑖𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝐶𝑁 + 𝑖𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝐶𝐸

n/a 𝑇𝑖𝑐𝑚𝑐 n/a 0.2500

𝐼𝑑_𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛_𝐶𝐸 Get from CONV_CELILO_E model 𝑇𝐼𝑑𝑐 0.5 cycles 𝑇𝑑𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑦 2 cycles

CONV_CELILO_E parameters are all hard-coded based on whether the initial flow direction of the PDCI. The parameters and the initialization are different for Celilo to Sylmar (North to South) or Sylmar to Celilo (South to North) flow. The following table shows the differences

Parameter Celilo-Sylmar (North to

South)

Sylmar - Celilo (South to

North)

Initialization Reference

Values

Celilo-Sylmar (North to South)

Sylmar - Celilo (South to North)

𝑇𝑏𝐶𝐸 0.0323 𝑅𝑖𝑐𝑢𝐶𝐸 2.2 Initialize so State 5 is at its lower limit

𝑅𝑖𝑐𝑢𝐶𝐸 = ∗ 1.8 ∗ 1000

𝑇𝑐𝐶𝐸 0.0323 𝐾𝑎𝐶𝐸 330 82.5 𝑇𝑎𝐶𝐸 8.1500 Parameter Celilo-Sylmar

(North to South) Sylmar - Celilo (South to North) 𝑉𝐶𝐴_𝑢𝑝_𝐶𝐸 20 8.5

𝑇𝑏𝐷𝐴𝐷 0 1/240 𝐼𝑑𝑅𝑒𝑓𝐿𝑖𝑚𝐶𝐸 2160 𝑇𝑐𝐷𝐴𝐷 1/60 𝑇𝑓_𝐼𝐷𝐶 0.004 0.0084 𝐾𝑚𝐶𝐸 1 -1 𝑇𝑓_𝑉𝐷𝐶 0.004 0.0084

𝑖𝑑_𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛_𝐶𝐸 0 180 𝑇𝑓_𝑉𝐴𝐶 0.0333

7.551.8

∗1

1000 Σ Σ

1000

+

_ 1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑏𝐶𝐸1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑐𝐶𝐸

Σ+

𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝐼𝑑𝑐 𝑎𝑡 𝐶𝑒𝑖𝑙𝑜 230

𝑖𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝐶𝐸 𝐾𝑎𝐶𝐸1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑎𝐶𝐸

0.1

1

4

cos �16𝜋180

_ +

𝑖𝑑_𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛_𝐶𝐸 _

𝑅𝑖𝑐𝑢𝐶𝐸1.8

∗1

1000

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑏𝐷𝐴𝐷1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑐𝐷𝐴𝐷

𝑉𝐶𝐴_𝑢𝑝_𝐶𝐸 19.5746

(∗)

+ _

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝐶𝐸

5 6

𝑶𝒗𝒆𝒓𝑪𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕𝑭𝒍𝒂𝒈

0

CONV_CELILO_E Celilo 230 kV Converter Controls (Celilo Existing Controls)

𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸

𝐼𝑓 ( ) < (𝑖𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝐶𝐸 + 400) 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑶𝒗𝒆𝒓𝑪𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕𝑭𝒍𝒂𝒈 = 𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸

𝐼𝑓 ( ) > (𝑖𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝐶𝐸 + 800) 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑶𝒗𝒆𝒓𝑪𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕𝑭𝒍𝒂𝒈 = 𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐸

1

1

𝐾𝑚𝐶𝐸

100 𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑁𝑆

Purple represent sections only modeled for Sylmar-Celilo Flow

Green represents sections only modeled for Celilo-Sylmar flow

𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑁𝑆

11 + 𝑠𝑇𝑓_𝑉𝐴𝐶

𝐼𝑑𝑐 1

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑓_𝐼𝐷𝐶 1

𝑉𝑎𝑐 3

𝑉𝑑𝑐 1

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑓_𝑉𝐷𝐶 2

𝐼𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒

𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒

𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒

1

4

0.51100

Σ60

Σ

𝑖𝑑_𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛_𝐶𝑁 𝐼𝑑𝑅𝑒𝑓𝐿𝑖𝑚_𝐶𝑁

+ _ 𝐾𝑖𝐶𝑁

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑖𝐶𝑁

Σ+

_

0.51100

Σ_

+

𝑀𝐼𝑁

𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝐼𝑑𝑐 𝑎𝑡 𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑜 500

Σ 𝑜𝑐 > 𝑢𝑝

𝑜𝑐 𝑢𝑝

𝑖𝑑𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝_𝐶𝑁

𝐾𝑣𝑑𝑖𝑑1

1𝑠𝑇𝑎𝑖

Σ𝑀𝐼𝑁

Σ

𝐾𝑖𝑣𝑔_𝐶𝑁

Σ

𝑝𝑎𝑟_𝑣𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓

𝑖𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝐶𝑁

_

+ 0.001

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑣 Σ

𝑅𝐸𝑆𝐸𝑇

v𝑑_𝑜𝑓𝑓_𝐶𝑁

𝑀𝐴𝑋

𝐾𝑣

𝑀𝐼𝑁 1.0 𝐾𝑣𝑑𝑖𝑑

0 𝑜𝑟(∗) -1

2 𝑜𝑟(∗) 2.0 𝑜𝑟 0.0

0.0 𝑜𝑟 − 2.0

+

+ +

+

1𝑠𝑇𝑡

𝑀𝐼𝑁

2.0

𝑎𝑙𝑝ℎ𝑎_max_𝐶𝑁

1

2

4

7

6

5

𝑎𝑙𝑝ℎ𝑎_min_𝐶𝑁

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔𝐶𝑁

_ +

+ +

+

+

𝑆𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑉𝑑𝑐 𝑎𝑡 𝐶𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑙𝑜 500

CONV_CELILO_N Celilo 500 kV Converter Controls (Celilo Expansion Controls)

𝑀𝐼𝑁

11 + 𝑠𝑇𝑓_𝑉𝐷𝐶

𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑟𝑒𝑓17

𝐾𝑔𝑖𝑑𝐶𝑁

𝐾𝑔2

𝐾𝑣𝑑𝑖𝑑2

Σ

𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑟𝑒𝑓

Σ

𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑚𝑎 [in degrees]

𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑔𝑎𝑚

+ +

+ _

𝐾𝑚𝐶𝑁

60

𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑁𝑆 𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑁𝑆

0.0

𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑁𝑆

Purple represent sections only modeled for Sylmar-Celilo Flow Green represents sections only modeled for Celilo-Sylmar flow

if 𝑉𝑎𝑐𝐿𝑜𝑤 0.0

11 + 𝑠𝑇𝑓_𝑉𝐴𝐶

𝐼𝑑𝑐 1

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑓_𝐼𝐷𝐶 1

𝑉𝑎𝑐 3

𝑉𝑑𝑐 1

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑓_𝑉𝐷𝐶 2

𝐼𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒

𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒

𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒

8

1.0

𝑖𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑐

𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑓

𝑖𝑑_𝑒𝑟𝑟

𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑐𝑜

𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑝

CONV_CELILO_N parameters are all hard-coded based on whether the initial flow direction of the PDCI. The parameters and the initialization are different for Celilo to Sylmar (North to South) or Sylmar to Celilo (South to North) flow. The following table shows the differences.

Parameter Celilo-Sylmar (North to South)

Sylmar - Celilo (South to North)

Parameter Celilo-Sylmar (North to South)

Sylmar - Celilo (South to North)

𝑖𝑑_𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛_𝐶𝑁 0 150 𝐾𝑖𝑣𝑔_𝐶𝑁 -0.264 +0.26400 𝐼𝑑𝑅𝑒𝑓𝐿𝑖𝑚_𝐶𝑁 1650 𝑇𝑡 -1/360 +1/360 𝑖𝑑𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝_𝐶𝑁 +110 -110 𝑎𝑙𝑝ℎ𝑎_max_𝐶𝑁 +1.000 +1.91260 𝑖𝑑_𝑚𝑖𝑛_𝑚𝑖𝑛 n/a 60 𝑎𝑙𝑝ℎ𝑎_min_𝐶𝑁 -1.992 +0.34700

𝐾𝑖𝐶𝑁 2/3 𝐾𝑚𝐶𝑁 -0.5 0.5 𝑇𝑖𝐶𝑁 1/120 𝐾𝑣𝑑𝑖𝑑2 n/a -0.333 𝑇𝑎𝑖 0.1660 𝑔𝑎𝑚𝑟𝑒𝑓 n/a 0.38428

𝐾𝑣𝑑𝑖𝑑1 0.4400 𝐾𝑔2 n/a 0.6 𝐾𝑣𝑑𝑖𝑑 +0.7575 -0.7575 𝐾𝑔𝑖𝑑𝐶𝑁 n/a 0.11694 𝑇𝑣 0.0138 𝑜𝑓𝑓𝑔𝑎𝑚 n/a -0.42743

𝑝𝑎𝑟_𝑣𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓 550 𝑇𝑓_𝐼𝐷𝐶 0.004 0.0084 𝐾𝑣 -0.4000 𝑇𝑓_𝑉𝐷𝐶 0.004 0.0084

v𝑑_𝑜𝑓𝑓_𝐶𝑁 0.100 0.066 𝑇𝑓_𝑉𝐴𝐶 0.0333

𝑠𝑖𝑛(∗) 1

1 + 𝑠�𝑇𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑆�

𝑖𝑑_𝑟𝑒𝑓_𝑆

1

CONV_SYLMAR Sylmar Converter Controls

1𝐼𝑑𝑁𝑆

1𝐼𝑑𝑁𝑆

𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑐𝑡𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑔

÷ 𝐷𝑒𝑛

𝑁𝑢𝑚

4

𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝐴𝑙𝑓𝑎𝑁𝑜𝑚𝑆)

𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑆

𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑆

11 + 𝑠(𝑇𝑈𝑎𝑐𝑇𝑐𝑆)

0.5

7

Σ_

+

(𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑅𝐺𝑛𝑆)1 + 𝑠(𝑇𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑅𝑇𝐶𝑆)

𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑅𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑆

𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑅𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑆

8

÷ 𝑁𝑢𝑚

𝐷𝑒𝑛

Σ

(𝐺𝑎𝑚𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑆)

2(𝑑𝑥𝑁𝑆)

cos (∗)

+ _

_

𝑎𝑟𝑐𝑐𝑜𝑠(∗) +1

−1

�3√2𝜋

(𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑁𝑆)(𝑈𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑁𝑆)

𝒂𝒃𝒔( )(𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍𝑻𝒂𝒑)�

3

+

_ Σ π Σ

𝐾𝑔1𝑆 Σ

Σ

Σ

𝐾𝑔2𝑆

𝐾𝑔0𝑆

𝐾0𝑆

+ +

+ +

+ +

+

+ + _ 𝐶𝐶𝐴𝑅𝑒𝑓 +

𝜋

Σ

𝑖𝑑_𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑆

_ +

(𝐾𝑖𝑆)𝑠

(∗)

(𝑇𝑐𝑓𝑠)𝑠

(∗) (∗)

𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛_𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑆 𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛_𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑆 𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛_𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑆

Σ𝑐𝑜𝑠(∗)

𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑥_𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑆

Σ_ +

π 𝐾𝑝𝑆

6

5 +

+

𝐷𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥( )

𝐷𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥1

𝐷𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥3 𝐷𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥2

𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥1 𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥2 5

If DAmax2 > DAmax1 ignore DAmax2 and

interpolate between DAmax1 and DAmax3

𝐷𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛( ) 5

𝐷𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥( ) 5

𝑀𝐼𝑁

𝑎𝑚𝑎 𝑥𝑈𝐷𝐼𝑆

𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑁𝑆

𝐹𝑙𝑎𝑔𝑁𝑆

Purple represent sections only modeled for Sylmar-Celilo Flow

Green represents sections only modeled for Celilo-Sylmar flow

11 + 𝑠𝑇𝑓_𝑉𝐴𝐶

𝐼𝑑𝑐 1

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑓_𝐼𝐷𝐶 1

𝑉𝑎𝑐 3

𝑉𝑑𝑐 1

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑓_𝑉𝐷𝐶 2

𝐼𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒

𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒

𝑉𝑑𝑐𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑒

Specify similar 5 values to define the 𝐷𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛( ) function

𝐾𝑚𝑆

(𝐺𝑎𝑚𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑆)

π

𝑎𝑙𝑓𝑎_𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑟

CONV_SYLMAR parameters are all hard-coded based on whether the initial flow direction of the PDCI. The parameters and the initialization are different for Celilo to Sylmar (North to South) or Sylmar to Celilo (South to North) flow. The following table shows the differences. Parameter Celilo-Sylmar

(North to South) Sylmar - Celilo (South to North)

Parameter Celilo-Sylmar (North to South)

Sylmar - Celilo (South to North)

𝑉𝑎𝑐𝑁𝑆 230.0 𝐾𝑖𝑆 180 π/200 𝑈𝑑𝑖𝑜𝑁𝑆 286.7 𝐾𝑝𝑆 20 π/180 𝑇𝑈𝑎𝑐𝑇𝑐𝑆 0.1 𝑇𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑆 0.003 𝐼𝑑𝑁𝑆 3100.0 𝐴𝑙𝑓𝑎𝑁𝑜𝑚𝑆 17.5 π/180

𝐺𝑎𝑚𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑆 15 π/180 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑆 1.000 𝐺𝑎𝑚𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑆 17 π/180 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑥𝑆 0.300 𝐾0𝑆 -0.018846501 π/180 𝑇𝑐𝑓𝑠 1000 𝐾𝑔0𝑆 0.0 π/180 𝐷𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥1 10 π/180 90 π/180 𝐾𝑔1𝑆 -0.601288000 π/180 𝐷𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥2 2 π/180 999 π/180 𝐾𝑔2𝑆 -0.029795800 π/180 𝐷𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥3 1 π/180 5 π/180 𝑑𝑥𝑁𝑆 0.090 𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥1 110 π/180 0 π/180

𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑅𝐺𝑛𝑆 0.150 n/a 𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥2 140 π/180 120 π/180 𝑇𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑅𝑇𝐶𝑆 0.002 n/a 𝐷𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛1 -5 π/180 -6 π/180

𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑅𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑆 0.050 n/a 𝐷𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛2 -5 π/180 -8 π/180 𝐴𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑅𝑀𝑖𝑛𝑆 -0.050 n/a 𝐷𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛3 -5 π/180 -15 π/180 𝑖𝑑_𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑆 0.03 0.00 𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛1 0 π/180 35 π/180 𝑎𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑈𝐷𝐼𝑆 200 π/180 𝐴𝑚𝑖𝑛2 10 π/180 70 π/180 𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑛_𝑐𝑐𝑎𝑆 95 π/180 5 π/180 𝐶𝐶𝐴𝑅𝑒𝑓 Initialize so State

32 is at the upper limit

n/a 𝑇𝑓_𝐼𝐷𝐶 0.004 0.0084 𝑇𝑓_𝑉𝐷𝐶 0.004 0.0084 𝑇𝑓_𝑉𝐴𝐶 0.0333 𝐼𝑑𝑅𝑒𝑓𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑆 3100 𝐾𝑚𝐶𝑁 -1 1

Line Relays DISTR1

Three-Zone Distance Relay with Transfer Trip

Relays are assigned to a specific end of a branch. This end is specified by the column Device Location which can be set to either From or To. It is specified on the branch dialog by checking the box Device is at From End of Line (otherwise at To End). The end specified by the Device Location is referred to as the "Relay End", while the other is referred to as the "Other End". When this relay's conditions are met, the entire branch is opened.

Other field results include signals associated with a particular zone which have the following meanings. 0 : not picked up (not in Zone) 1 : Picked up, not timed out 2 : Picked up, timeout complete

Other field results include signals associated with a breaker. For breaker signals, the values have the following meanings. 0 : Trip not initiated 1 : Trip initiated, CB timer running 2 : Breaker has tripped

Model Supported by PSSE

There are three zones for the relay which depend on the zone shape specified. The zone shapes are determined by the Impedance Type integer. 1 = mho Distance shapes, 2 = impedance distance, and 3 = reactance distance. In addition to these shapes, two blinders may be specified which block all zones. These are described on the next page. Each zone has a time in cycles associated it. When the apparent impedance enters the zone, a timer is started. If the impedance stays inside the zone for the specified number of cycles, then the relay will send a trip signal to the breaker. The breaker will then trip after the Self Trip Breaker Time has elapsed. Three additional branches may also be specified as Transfer Trip Branch 1, 2, and 3. These branches use the Transfer Trip breaker time instead. Optionally, after the branches are tripped, the branches may reclose after a specified number of cycles according to the Self Trip Reclosure Time or Transfer Trip Reclosure time. This reclosure will happen only once during the simulation.

Mho Distance

Reactance Distance

Impedance Distance

Model Supported by PSSE

Line Relay FACRI_SC

Fast AC Reactive Insertion for Series Capacitors (FACRI_SC)

MonitoredBus Busatwhichthevoltageismonitoredvolt_high Highcut‐involtage(pu)volt_low Lowcut‐involtage(pu)td_high Highcut‐intimedelay(sec)td_low Lowcut‐intimedelay(sec)ExtraObject1 Line1ExtraObject2 Line2ExtraObject3 Line3ExtraObject4 Line4ExtraObject5 Line5ExtraObject6 Line6ExtraObject7 Line7ExtraObject8 Interface1ExtraObject1through7canbespecifiedaslines,multi‐sectionlines,orinterfaces.

Thefollowingpseudocodedescribeshowtheinputsareusedtodetermineseriescapacitorswitching:SeriesCap=SeriescapacitortowhichthismodelisassignedLineSectionsAreOpen=AnylinesectionopenforExtraObject1to7CapBlocked=((Interface1MWFlow<‐50)OR(Interface1MWFlow>0))ANDLineSectionsAreOpenIf ((notCapBlocked)and(SeriesCap.Status=Bypassed)) AND

((MonitoredBusVoltage<volt_lowfortd_low)OR(MonitoredBusVoltage<volt_highfortd_high))ThenBegin

SeriesCap.Status=NotBypassedEnd

Line Relays LOCTI

Time Inverse Over-Current Relay

Relays are assigned to a specific end of a branch.  This end is specified by the column Device Location which can be set to either From or To.  It is specified on the branch dialog by checking the box Device is at From End of Line (otherwise at To End).  The end specified by the Device Location is referred to as the "Relay End", while the other is referred to as the "Other End".  When this relay's conditions are met, the entire branch is opened.  

ModelSupportedbyPSLF

(m1*Threshold,t1*Tdm)

(m2*Threshold,t2*Tdm)

(m3*Threshold,t3*Tdm)

(m4*Threshold,t4*Tdm)

(m5*Threshold,t5*Tdm)

TimeToClose [seconds]

Current [pu]

Threshold Current

(Threshold,3600*Tdm)

Relay Operation The TimeToClose varies according to the piecewise linear function of per unit current as shown to the right and as specified by the input values Threshold, m1..m5, and t1..t5.  If m1 is greater than 1.0, then an additional point at the Threshold current of 1 hour (3,600 seconds) is added to the curve.  The time at which the relay will close is determined by integrating the following function.  When the function equal 1.0 then the relay will close.  

dt  Relay Resetting When the current drops below the Threshold current, then the relay resets according to the parameter TReset.  If TReset is zero, then the relay resets to 0 instantaneously.  Otherwise there is a timed reset which occurs by integrating using the function  

1 dt This function means that at zero current, it completely resets in TReset seconds.  Monitor Flag If the monitor flag is 0, then the relay will create result events to indicate that lines would have tripped, but will not actually trip any lines.  If monitor flag is not zero, then the relay will send a trip signal to the branch when to 1  and the branch will trip after the Breaker Time seconds have elapsed. 

Line Relays OOSLEN

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

Wt

Out-of-step relay with 3 zones OOSLEN

Model supported by PSLF

Relays are assigned to a specific end of a branch. This end is specified by the column Device Location which can be set to either From or To. It is specified on the branch dialog by checking the box Device is at From End of Line (otherwise at To End). The end specified by the Device Location is referred to as the "Relay End", while the other is referred to as the "Other End". When this relay's conditions are met, only the Relay End of the branch is opened (determined by Device Location). However, the relay will determine if the line presently serves a radial system (i.e. the Nfar bus branch is already open). If a radial system is served, then all devices such as load or generation is also opened. Multiple OOSLEN relays can be assigned to the same end of a branch. In order to distinguish between them there is an extra key field called Device ID which must be specified for the OOSLEN. When loading from an auxiliary file, if this field is omitted, Simulator assumes value of "1".

Nf Nt Nfar

Lens Shape [Wt < Rf+Rr] Tomato Shape [Wt > Rf+Rr]

Circle Shape [Wt = Rf+Rr] AlsousedwhenWt=0

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

WtWt Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

ParameterMeaningsAng = AngleWt = WidthTotalRf = RForwardRr = RReverse(Forbackwardreachspecifyapositivenumber)Note:InPSLF,theRrvaluesaregivenwiththeoppositesignforOOSLENandZLIN1only.SimulatorwillflipsignswhenreadingandwritingRrvaluesfromDYDfiles.

Otherfieldresultsincludesignalsassociatedwithaparticularzonewhichhavethefollowingmeanings.0:notpickedup(notinZone)1:Pickedup,nottimedout2:Pickedup,timeoutcomplete

Otherfieldresultsincludesignalsassociatedwithabreaker.Forbreachsignals,thevalueshavethefollowingmeanings.0:Tripnotinitiated1:Tripinitiated,CBtimerrunning2:Breakerhastripped

Line Relays OOSLNQ

Out-of-step relay with 3 zones OOSLNQ

ParameterMeaningsShape = 1meansRectangle 0meansCircle, Lens,orTomato Ang = AngleWt = WidthTotalWr = WidthRightRf = RForwardRr = RReverse(Forbackwardreachspecifyapositivenumber)

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

Wt

LensShape[Wt<Rf+Rr]TomatoShape[Wt>Rf+Rr]

CircleShape[Wt=Rf+Rr]AlsousedwhenWt=0

RectangularShape

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

Wt

Wr

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

WtWt Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]Nf Nt Nfar

Model supported by PSLF

Relaysareassignedtoaspecificendofabranch.ThisendisspecifiedbythecolumnDeviceLocationwhichcanbesettoeitherFromorTo.ItisspecifiedonthebranchdialogbycheckingtheboxDeviceisatFromEndofLine(otherwiseatToEnd).TheendspecifiedbytheDeviceLocationisreferredtoasthe"RelayEnd",whiletheotherisreferredtoasthe"OtherEnd".Whenthisrelay'sconditionsaremet,onlytheRelayEndofthebranchisopened(determinedbyDeviceLocation).However,therelaywilldetermineifthelinepresentlyservesaradialsystem(i.e.theNfarbusbranchisalreadyopen).Ifaradialsystemisserved,thenalldevicessuchasloadorgenerationisalsoopened.MultipleOOSLNQrelayscanbeassignedtothesameendofabranch.InordertodistinguishbetweenthemthereisanextrakeyfieldcalledDeviceIDwhichmustbespecifiedfortheOOSLEN.Whenloadingfromanauxiliaryfile,ifthisfieldisomitted,Simulatorassumesvalueof"1".

Otherfieldresultsincludesignalsassociatedwithaparticularzonewhichhavethefollowingmeanings.0:notpickedup(notinZone)1:Pickedup,nottimedout2:Pickedup,timeoutcomplete

Otherfieldresultsincludesignalsassociatedwithabreaker.Forbreachsignals,thevalueshavethefollowingmeanings.0:Tripnotinitiated1:Tripinitiated,CBtimerrunning2:Breakerhastripped

Line Relay SERIESCAPRELAY

Line Relay Model SERIESCAPRELAY

Tfilter Voltage filter time constant in sec. tbOn Switching time On in sec. tbOff Switching time Off in sec. V1On First voltage threshold for switching series capacitor ON in p.u. t1On First time delay for switching series capacitor ON in sec. V2On Second voltage threshold for switching series capacitor ON in p.u. t2On Second time delay for switching series capacitor ON in sec. V1Off First voltage threshold for switching series capacitor OFF in p.u. t1Off First time delay for switching series capacitor OFF in sec. V2Off Second voltage threshold for switching series capacitor OFF in p.u. t2Off Second time delay for switching series capacitor OFF in sec.

Line Relays TIOCR1

Time Inverse Over-Current Relay

Relays are assigned to a specific end of a branch.  This end is specified by the column Device Location which can be set to either From or To.  It is specified on the branch dialog by checking the box Device is at From End of Line (otherwise at To End).  The end specified by the Device Location is referred to as the "Relay End", while the other is referred to as the "Other End". When this relay's conditions are met, the entire branch is opened.  

ModelSupportedbyPSSE

(m1*Threshold,t1*Tdm)

(m2*Threshold,t2*Tdm)

(m3*Threshold,t3*Tdm)

(m4*Threshold,t4*Tdm)

(m5*Threshold,t5*Tdm)

TimeToClose [seconds]

Current [pu]

Threshold Current

(Threshold,3600*Tdm)

Relay Operation The TimeToClose varies according to the piecewise linear function of per unit current as shown to the right and as specified by the input values Threshold, m1..m5, and t1..t5.  If m1 is greater than 1.0, then an additional point at the Threshold current of 1 hour (3,600 seconds) is added to the curve.  The time at which the relay will close is determined by integrating the following function.  When the function equal 1.0 then the relay will close.  

dt  Relay Resetting When the current drops below the Threshold current, then the relay resets according to the parameter TReset.  If TReset is zero, then the relay resets to 0 instantaneously.  Otherwise there is a timed reset which occurs by integrating using the function 

1 dt This function means that at zero current, it completely resets in TReset seconds.  Monitor Flag If the monitor flag is 0, then the relay will create result events to indicate that lines would have tripped, but will not actually trip any lines.  If monitor flag is not zero, then the relay will send a trip signal to the branch when to 1  and the branch will trip after the Breaker Time seconds have elapsed. 

Transfer Trip Trip signals for this relay may be sent to three different branches by pointing to branches for Transfer Trip 1, Transfer Trip 2, and Transfer Trip 3.  In addition, a Transfer Trip Load record may also be pointed to with a corresponding parameter Load Shed % specifying what percentage of the load should be tripped. 

Line Relays TIOCRS

Time Inverse Over-Current Relay Standard

𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑇𝑜𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒 = 𝑇𝑑𝑚 �𝐵 +𝐴

� 𝐼𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑�𝑝− 1

𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑇𝑜𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒 = 𝑇𝑑𝑚 �𝐴

� 𝐼𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑�𝑝− 1

𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑇𝑜𝐶𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑒 = 𝑇𝑑𝑚 �𝐴 +𝐵

� 𝐼𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 − 𝐶�+

𝐷

� 𝐼𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 − 𝐶�2 +

𝐸

� 𝐼𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑇ℎ𝑟𝑒𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑 − 𝐶�3�

This relay is identical in all respects to the TIOCR1 relay, except for how the TimeToClose time-inverse overcurrent curve is specified. This includes the treatment of the Monitor Flag, Transfer Trip, and Reset functions. For TIOCRS, instead of using a piece-wise linear curve, a function as described in various world standards is used. To specify which standard to use, the parameter CurveType must be set to either 1, 2, or 3 which translates to the following standards.

1. IEEE C37.112-1996 standard 2. IEC 255-4 or British BS142 3. IAC Curves from GE

The TimeToClose functions are specified by the parameters Tdm, p, A, B, C, D, and E depending on the Curve Type. The three standards are shown below. (Note: The use of the reset time is identical for all standards and is the same as used in TIOCR1 and LOCTI). IEEE C37.112-1996 Standard (CurveType = 1) Using the parameters Threshold, Tdm, p, A, and B, the TimeToClose as a function of per unit current is calculated using the following equations

IEC 255-4 or British BS142 Standard (CurveType = 2) Using the parameters Threshold, Tdm, p, and A the TimeToClose as a function of per unit current is calculated using the following equations

IAC GE Curves (CurveType = 3) Using the parameters Threshold, Tdm, A, B, C, D, and E the TimeToClose as a function of per unit current is calculated using the fllowing equations

Extra note: Any current higher than 30 times the threshold is simply treated as though it is equal to 30 times the threshold in these equations.

Line Relays TLIN1

Under-voltage or Under-frequency Relay Tripping Line Circuit Breaker(s) TLIN1

Model supported by PSLF

Nf Nt Nfar

Relaysareassignedtoaspecificendofabranch.ThisendisspecifiedbythecolumnDeviceLocationwhichcanbesettoeitherFromorTo.ItisspecifiedonthebranchdialogbycheckingtheboxDeviceisatFromEndofLine(otherwiseatToEnd).TheendspecifiedbytheDeviceLocationisreferredtoasthe"RelayEnd",whiletheotherisreferredtoasthe"OtherEnd".Whenthisrelay'sconditionsaremet,thetrippingwhichoccursdependsontheFlagparameterasfollows0:OnlytheRelayEndofthebranchisopened(determinedbyDeviceLocation).

1:Bothendsofthebranchareopenedandthefarendbranchisalsoopened.

2:OnlytheRelayEndofthebranchisopened(determinedbyDeviceLocation).However,therelaywilldetermineifthelinepresentlyservesaradialsystem(i.e.theNfarbusbranchisalreadyopen).Ifaradialsystemisserved,thenalldevicessuchasloadorgenerationisalsoopened.

AnOtherFieldincludeasignalwhichhavethefollowingmeanings.0:notpickedup(notinZone)1:Pickedup,nottimedout2:Pickedup,timeoutcomplete3:CircuitBreakerTripComplete

ThevaluemonitoredbythisrelayisdeterminedbytheInputparameter.0:meansfrequencyinHz1:meansperunitvoltage

Thebusatwhichthisvalueismonitoredisspecifiedbysignalbus(SBus).Ifasignalbusisnotspecified,thentheRelayEndbuswillbeusedinstead.Therelayconditionismetifthemonitoredvaluefallsbelowthepickupvalue(V1)atleasttherelaydefinitetimesettings(T1).Whentherelayisconditionismetthetripwilloccurafterthecircuitbreakertimedelay(Tcb1)

Line Relays ZDCB

Relaysareassignedtoaspecificendofabranch.ThisendisspecifiedbythecolumnDeviceLocationwhichcanbesettoeitherFromorTo.ItisspecifiedonthebranchdialogbycheckingtheboxDeviceisatFromEndofLine(otherwiseatToEnd).TheendspecifiedbytheDeviceLocationisreferredtoasthe"RelayEnd",whiletheotherisreferredtoasthe"OtherEnd".ForZone1,theregionisthesameforbothendsofthebranchandeachendtripindependentlyiftheirZone1conditionsaremet.Forhigherzonetrippingtooccur,thenZone2conditionsmustbemetatoneendwhilesimultaneouslytheZone3conditionsattheotherendarenotmet.

Distance Relay with Directional Comparison Blocking (ZDCB)

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

Wt

LensShape[Wt<Rf+Rr]TomatoShape[Wt>Rf+Rr]

CircleShape[Wt=Rf+Rr]AlsousedwhenWt=0

RectangularShape

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

Wt

Wr

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

WtWt Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]Nf Nt Nfar

Model supported by PSLF

ParameterMeaningsShape = 1meansRectangle 0meansCircle, Lens,orTomato Ang = AngleWt = WidthTotalWr = WidthRightRf = RForwardRr = RReverse(Forbackwardreachspecifyapositivenumber)

Otherfieldresultsincludesignalsassociatedwithaparticularzonewhichhavethefollowingmeanings.0:notpickedup(notinZone)1:Pickedup,nottimedout2:Pickedup,timeoutcomplete

Otherfieldresultsincludesignalsassociatedwithabreaker.Forbreachsignals,thevalueshavethefollowingmeanings.0:Tripnotinitiated1:Tripinitiated,CBtimerrunning2:Breakerhastripped

Line Relays ZLIN1

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

Wt

Distance Relay with 3 zones (ZLIN1)

Model supported by PSLF

Nf Nt Nfar

LensShape[Wt<Rf+Rr]TomatoShape[Wt>Rf+Rr]

CircleShape[Wt=Rf+Rr]AlsousedwhenWt=0

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

WtWt Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

ParameterMeaningsAng = AngleWt = WidthTotalRf = RForwardRr = RReverse(Forbackwardreachspecifyapositivenumber)Note:InPSLF,theRrvaluesaregivenwiththeoppositesignforOOSLENandZLIN1only.SimulatorwillflipsignswhenreadingandwritingRrvaluesfromDYDfiles.

Relaysareassignedtoaspecificendofabranch.ThisendisspecifiedbythecolumnDeviceLocationwhichcanbesettoeitherFromorTo.ItisspecifiedonthebranchdialogbycheckingtheboxDeviceisatFromEndofLine(otherwiseatToEnd).TheendspecifiedbytheDeviceLocationisreferredtoasthe"RelayEnd",whiletheotherisreferredtoasthe"OtherEnd".Whenthisrelay'sconditionsaremet,onlytheRelayEndofthebranchisopened(determinedbyDeviceLocation).However,therelaywilldetermineifthelinepresentlyservesaradialsystem(i.e.theNfarbusbranchisalreadyopen).Ifaradialsystemisserved,thenalldevicessuchasloadorgenerationisalsoopened.

Otherfieldresultsincludesignalsassociatedwithaparticularzonewhichhavethefollowingmeanings.0:notpickedup(notinZone)1:Pickedup,nottimedout2:Pickedup,timeoutcomplete

Otherfieldresultsincludesignalsassociatedwithabreaker.Forbreachsignals,thevalueshavethefollowingmeanings.0:Tripnotinitiated1:Tripinitiated,CBtimerrunning2:Breakerhastripped

Line Relays ZPOTT

Distance Relay with Permissive Overreaching Transfer Trip (ZPOTT)

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

Wt

LensShape[Wt<Rf+Rr]TomatoShape[Wt>Rf+Rr]

CircleShape[Wt=Rf+Rr]AlsousedwhenWt=0

RectangularShape

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

Wt

Wr

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

WtWt Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]Nf Nt Nfar

Model supported by PSLF

Relaysareassignedtoaspecificendofabranch.ThisendisspecifiedbythecolumnDeviceLocationwhichcanbesettoeitherFromorTo.ItisspecifiedonthebranchdialogbycheckingtheboxDeviceisatFromEndofLine(otherwiseatToEnd).TheendspecifiedbytheDeviceLocationisreferredtoasthe"RelayEnd",whiletheotherisreferredtoasthe"OtherEnd".ForZone1,theregionisthesameforbothendsofthebranchandeachendtripindependentlyiftheirZone1conditionsaremet.ForhigherZone2trippingtooccur,thenZone2conditionsmustbemetattheRelayandOtherendssimultaneously.

ParameterMeaningsShape = 1meansRectangle 0meansCircle, Lens,orTomato Ang = AngleWt = WidthTotalWr = WidthRightRf = RForwardRr = RReverse(Forbackwardreachspecifyapositivenumber)

Otherfieldresultsincludesignalsassociatedwithaparticularzonewhichhavethefollowingmeanings.0:notpickedup(notinZone)1:Pickedup,nottimedout2:Pickedup,timeoutcomplete

Otherfieldresultsincludesignalsassociatedwithabreaker.Forbreachsignals,thevalueshavethefollowingmeanings.0:Tripnotinitiated1:Tripinitiated,CBtimerrunning2:Breakerhastripped

Line Relays ZQLIN1

Distance Relay with 3 Zones (ZQLIN1)

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

Wt

LensShape[Wt<Rf+Rr]TomatoShape[Wt>Rf+Rr]

CircleShape[Wt=Rf+Rr]AlsousedwhenWt=0

RectangularShape

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

Wt

Wr

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

WtWt Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]Nf Nt Nfar

Model supported by PSLF

Relaysareassignedtoaspecificendofabranch.ThisendisspecifiedbythecolumnDeviceLocationwhichcanbesettoeitherFromorTo.ItisspecifiedonthebranchdialogbycheckingtheboxDeviceisatFromEndofLine(otherwiseatToEnd).TheendspecifiedbytheDeviceLocationisreferredtoasthe"RelayEnd",whiletheotherisreferredtoasthe"OtherEnd".Whenthisrelay'sconditionsaremet,onlytheRelayEndofthebranchisopened(determinedbyDeviceLocation).However,therelaywilldetermineifthelinepresentlyservesaradialsystem(i.e.theNfarbusbranchisalreadyopen).Ifaradialsystemisserved,thenalldevicessuchasloadorgenerationisalsoopened.

ParameterMeaningsShape = 1meansRectangle 0meansCircle, Lens,orTomato Ang = AngleWt = WidthTotalWr = WidthRightRf = RForwardRr = RReverse(Forbackwardreachspecifyapositivenumber)

Otherfieldresultsincludesignalsassociatedwithaparticularzonewhichhavethefollowingmeanings.0:notpickedup(notinZone)1:Pickedup,nottimedout2:Pickedup,timeoutcomplete

Otherfieldresultsincludesignalsassociatedwithabreaker.Forbreachsignals,thevalueshavethefollowingmeanings.0:Tripnotinitiated1:Tripinitiated,CBtimerrunning2:Breakerhastripped

angel
Text Box
LINERELAYMODEL_

Line Relays ZQLIN2

Distance Relay with 3 Zones (ZQLIN2)

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

Wt

LensShape[Wt<Rf+Rr]TomatoShape[Wt>Rf+Rr]

CircleShape[Wt=Rf+Rr]AlsousedwhenWt=0

RectangularShape

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

Wt

Wr

Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

WtWt Rf

Rr

Ang

X [pu]

R [pu]

Model supported by PSLF

Relaysareassignedtoaspecificendofabranch.ThisendisspecifiedbythecolumnDeviceLocationwhichcanbesettoeitherFromorTo.ItisspecifiedonthebranchdialogbycheckingtheboxDeviceisatFromEndofLine(otherwiseatToEnd).TheendspecifiedbytheDeviceLocationisreferredtoasthe"RelayEnd",whiletheotherisreferredtoasthe"OtherEnd".Whenthisrelay'sconditionsaremet,onlytheRelayEndofthebranchisopened(determinedbyDeviceLocation).However,therelaywilldetermineifthelinepresentlyservesaradialsystem(i.e.theNfarbusbranchisalreadyopen).Ifaradialsystemisserved,thenalldevicessuchasloadorgenerationisalsoopened.

Nf Nt Nfar

ParameterMeaningsShape = 1meansRectangle 0meansCircle, Lens,orTomato Ang = AngleWt = WidthTotalWr = WidthRightRf = RForwardRr = RReverse(Forbackwardreachspecifyapositivenumber)

Otherfieldresultsincludesignalsassociatedwithaparticularzonewhichhavethefollowingmeanings.0:notpickedup(notinZone)1:Pickedup,nottimedout2:Pickedup,timeoutcomplete

Otherfieldresultsincludesignalsassociatedwithabreaker.Forbreachsignals,thevalueshavethefollowingmeanings.0:Tripnotinitiated1:Tripinitiated,CBtimerrunning2:Breakerhastripped

Load Characteristic BPA INDUCTION MOTOR I

Load Characteristic BPA Induction MotorI Induction Motor Load Model

S SR jX+

mjX

RjX

RRRs

= , MWST E

MECHANICALLOAD

2

2

Model Notes: Mechanical Load Torque, ( ) where C is calculated by the program such that 1.0 1

OT A B C T

A B C

ω ω

ω ωω ω

= + +

+ + == −

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Load Characteristic BPA TYPE LA

Load Characteristic BPA Type LA Load Model

( )( )20 1 2 3 4 1 * DPP P PV PV P P f L= + + + + ∆

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Load Characteristic BPA TYPE LB

Load Characteristic BPA Type LB Load Model

( )( )20 1 2 3 1 * DPP P PV PV P f L= + + + ∆

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

Load Characteristic CIM5

Load Characteristic CIM5 Induction Motor Load Model

Model supported by PSSE

A AR jX+

mjX1jX

1Rs

2jX

2Rs

Type 1

A AR jX+

mjX 1Rs

2jX

2Rs

Type 2

Impedances on Motor MVA Base

1jX

2 2

DL

Model Notes: 1. To model single cage motor: set R = X = 0.

2. When MBASE = 0.; motor MVA base = PMULT*MW load. When MBASE > 0.; motor MVA base = MBASE 3. Load Torque, T = T(1+ D ) 4. For mot

ω

nom 0

|

or starting, T=T is specified by the user in CON(J+18). For motor online studies, T=T is calculated in the code during initialization and stored in VAR(L+4). 5. V is the per unit vo

|

|

ltage level below which the relay to trip the motor will begin timing. To display relay, set V=0 6. T is the time in cycles for which the voltage must remain below the threshold for t Bhe relay to trip. T is the breaker delay time cycles.

Load Characteristic CIM6

Load Characteristic CIM6 Induction Motor Load Model

Model supported by PSSE

A AR jX+

mjX1jX

1Rs

2jX

2Rs

Type 1

A AR jX+

mjX 1Rs

2jX

2Rs

Type 2

Impedances on Motor MVA Base

( )

2 2

D2L 0

Model Notes: 1. To model single cage motor: set R = X = 0.

2. When MBASE = 0.; motor MVA base = PMULT*MW load. When MBASE > 0.; motor MVA base = MBASE

3. Load Torque, T = T A + B + C + D

4.

E

ω ω ω

nom 0

|

For motor starting, T=T is specified by the user in CON(J+22). For motor online studies, T=T is calculated in the code during initialization and stored in VAR(L+4). 5. V is the per

|

|

unit voltage level below which the relay to trip the motor will begin timing. To display relay, set V=0 6. T is the time in cycles for which the voltage must remain below the threshol Bd for the relay to trip. T is the breaker delay time cycles.

1jX

Load Characteristic CIMW

Load Characteristic CIMW Induction Motor Load Model

Model supported by PSSE

A AR jX+

mjX1jX

1Rs

2jX

2Rs

Type 1

A AR jX+

mjX 1Rs

2jX

2Rs

Type 2

Impedances on Motor MVA Base

( )

2 2

D2L 0

Model Notes: 1. To model single cage motor: set R = X = 0.

2. When MBASE = 0.; motor MVA base = PMULT*MW load. When MBASE > 0.; motor MVA base = MBASE

3. Load Torque, T = T A + B + C + D where C0E

ω ω ω 0 0

2

0

|

=1 A B D .

4. This model cannot be used formotor starting studies. T is calculated in the code during initialization and stored in VAR(L+4). 5. V is the per unit voltage

Eω ω ω− − −

|

|

level below which the relay to trip the motor will begin timing. To display relay, set V=0 6. T is the time in cycles for which the voltage must remain below the threshold for the rel Bay to trip. T is the breaker delay time cycles.

1jX

Load Characteristic CLOD

Load Characteristic CLOD Complex Load Model

Model supported by PSSE

P jQ+

Tap

O

R jXP+

Load MW input on system baseOP =

I

V

I

V

ConstantMVA 2

*

*

PKRO

RO

P P VQ Q V=

=

LargeMotors

SmallMotors

DischargeMotors

TransformerSaturation

RemainingLoads

M M

Load Characteristic CMPLD

Composite Load Model CMPLD

Model supported by PSLF

1st motor Polynomial load Psec + jQsec

2nd motor

Polynomial load Pfar + jQfar

Discrete Tap Change Control

V4 Vsec V3

r4 x4

Vsec_measured Vsec_init

i4 isec

Load Characteristic CMPLDW

Model supported by PSLF

Low Side Bus Rfdr, Xfdr

Load Bus

LTC Tfixhs Tfixls Tmin

Bss

Bf1 Bf2

Tdel Tdelstep Rcmp Xcmp

MVABase

Xxf

Transmission System Bus

Transmission System Bus

Transformer Control Tmax Step Vmin Vmax

Pinit + jQinit

Pinit + jQinit

DLIGHT Model

Fb

Bf1 = ( Fb )(Bf1+Bf2) Bf2 = (1-Fb)(Bf1+Bf2)

The internal model used by the transient stability numerical simulation structurally does the following.

1. Creates two buses called Low Side Bus and Load Bus 2. Creates a transformer between Transmission Bus and Low

Side Bus 3. Creates a capacitor at the Low Side Bus 4. Creates a branch between Low Side Bus and Load Bus 5. Moves the Load from the Transmission Bus to the Load Bus

PLS + jQLS Tap

IEEL Model

LD1PAC or MOTORX Model A

LD1PAC or MOTORX Model B

LD1PAC or MOTORX Model C

LD1PAC or MOTORX Model D

Load Characteristic CMPLDWNF This represents a load model identical to the CMPLDW model, except that all the parameters related to the Distribution Equivalent have been removed (the first 17 parameters of CMPLDW and the MVABase). Model supported by PowerWorld

Load Characteristic DISTRIBUTION EQUIVALENT TYPES This equivalent model and the parameters used for the Load Distribution Equivalent Types are the same as the first 17 parameters of the CMPLDW load characteristic model, along with an MVA base parameter. Model supported by PowerWorld

Load Characteristic DLIGHT

Load Characteristic Model DLIGHT

Model supported by PW

Real Power Coefficient Real Power Coefficient Reactive Power Coefficient Reactive Power Coefficient Breakpoint Voltage Breakpoint Voltage Extinction Voltage Extinction Voltage

Load Characteristic EXTL

Load Characteristic EXTL Complex Load Model

PKs

PMLTMX

PMLTMN

1

initialP−

+

Σπ

initialP

MULTPactualPQK

s

QMLTMX

QMLTMN

1

initialQ−

+

Σπ

initialQ

MULTQactualQ

States: 1 – PMULT 2 - QMULT

Load Characteristic IEEL

Load Characteristic IEEL Complex Load Model

Model supported by PSSE

( )( )

( )( )

31 2

5 64

1 2 3 7

4 5 6 8

1

1

nn nload

n nnload

P P a v a v a v a f

Q Q a v a v a v a f

= + + + ∆

= + + + ∆

Load Characteristic LD1PAC

Load Characteristic Model LD1PAC

Model supported by PSLF

Pul Fraction of constant power load TV Voltage input time in sec. Tf Frequency input time constant in sec. CompPF Compressor Power Factor Vstall Compressor Stalling Voltage in p.u. Rstall Compressor Stall resistance in p.u. Xstall Compressor Stall impedance in p.u. Tstall Compressor Stall delay time in sec. LFadj Vstall adjustment proportional lo loading

factor KP1 to KP2 Real power coefficient for running states,

p.u.P/p.u.V NP1 to NP2 Real power exponent for running states KQ1 to KQ2 Reactive power coefficient for running

states, p.u.Q/p.u. NQ1 to NQ2 Reactive power exponent for running states Vbrk Compressor motor breakdown voltage in

p.u Frst Restarting motor fraction Vrst Restart motor voltage in p.u. Trst Restarting time delay in sec. CmpKpf Real power frequency sensitivity,

p.u.P/p.u. CmpKqf Reactive power frequency sensitivity,

p.u.Q/p.u.

Vc1off Voltage 1 contactor disconnect load in p.u. Vc2off Voltage 2 contactor disconnect load in p.u. Vc1on Voltage 1 contactor re-connect load in p.u. Vc2on Voltage 2 contactor re-connect load in p.u. Tth Compressor heating time constant in sec. Th1t Compressor motors begin tripping Th2t Compressor motors finished tripping fuvr Fraction of compressor motors with

undervoltage relays uvtr1 to uvtr2 Undervoltage pickup level in p.u. ttr1 to ttr2 Undervoltage definite time in sec.

Load Characteristic LDFR

Load Characteristic LDFR Complex Load Model

Model supported by PSSE

m

OO

n

OO

r

p poO

s

q qoO

P P

Q Q

I I

I I

ωω

ωω

ωω

ωω

=

=

=

=

Load Characteristic LDRANDOM

Random Load Model LDRANDOM

Model supported by PSLF

The Random Load Model simulates a random load. The user needs to input the Percent of Standard Deviation to generate a random number; a Time for the filter and the Start time when the random load will start to be model. Once the random load model start internally it uses a filter and the generated random number to modify the load.

Load Characteristic MOTORW

Two-cage or One-cage Induction Machine for Part of a Bus Load Model MOTORW

Model supported by PSLF

�⬚ + -

�⬚ 1𝑇𝑝𝑝

�⬚ + E''q

-

- 1

𝑠

1𝑇𝑝𝑝𝑝

�⬚ +

+

1𝑠

d-axis

ωo SLIP TPO

E'q

ωo SLIP Lp-Lpp

Ls-Lp �⬚ +

+ id

-

+

�⬚ + + �⬚ 1

𝑇𝑝𝑝 �⬚ +

E''d

+

- 1

𝑠

1

𝑇𝑝𝑝𝑝 �⬚ +

+

1

𝑠

q-axis

ωo SLIP TPO

E'd

ωo SLIP

Lp-Lpp

Ls-Lp �⬚ -

+ Iq

-

-

Load Characteristic WSCC

Load Characteristic Model WSCC

Model supported by PSLF

p1 Constant impedance fraction in p.u. q1 Constant impedance fraction in p.u. p2 Constant current fraction in p.u. q2 Constant current fraction in p.u. p3 Constant power fraction in p.u. q3 Constant power fraction in p.u. p4 Frequency dependent power fraction in p.u. q4 Frequency dependent power fraction in p.u. lpd Real power frequency index in p.u. lqd Reactive power frequency index in p.u.

Load Relays DLSH

Rate of Frequency Load Shedding Model DLSH

Model supported by PSSE

f1 to f3 Frequency load shedding point t1 to t3 Pickup time Frac1 to frac3 Fraction of load to shed tb Breaker time df1 to df3 Rate of frequency shedding point

Load Relays LDS3

Underfrequency Load Shedding Model with Transfer Trip LDS3

Model supported by PSSE

Tran Trip Obj Transfer Trip Object SC Shed Shunts f1 to f5 Frequency load shedding point t1 to t5 Pickup time tb1 to tb5 Breaker time Frac1 to frac5 Fraction of load to shed ttb Transfer trip breaker time

Load Relays LDSH

Underfrequency Load Shedding Model LDSH

Model supported by PSSE

f1 to f3 Frequency load shedding point t1 to t3 Pickup time frac1 to frac3 Fraction of load to shed tb Breaker time

Load Relays LDST

Time Underfrequency Load Shedding Model LDST

Model supported by PSSE

f1 to f4 Frequency load shedding point z1 to z4 Nominal operating time tb Breaker time frac Fraction of load to shed freset Reset frequency tres Resetting time

Load Relays LSDT1

Shed (p.u.) Bus Frequency

Definite-Time Underfrequency Load Shedding Relay Model LSDT1

Model supported by PSLF

Tfilter Input transducer time constant tres Resetting time f1 to f3 Frequency load shedding point t1 to t3 Pickup time tb1 to tb3 Breaker time frac1 to frac3 Fraction of load to shed

Definite Time Characteristic

Load Relays LSDT2

Shed (p.u.) Bus Frequency

Definite-Time Undervoltage Load Shedding Relay Model LSDT2

Model supported by PSLF

Rem Bus Remote Bus Voltage Mode Voltage mode: 0 for deviation; 1 for absolute Tfilter Input transducer time constant tres Resetting time v1 to v3 Voltage load shedding point t1 to t3 Pickup time tb1 to tb3 Breaker time frac1 to frac3 Fraction of load to shed

Definite Time Characteristic

Load Relays LSDT8

Shed (p.u.) Bus Frequency

Definite-Time Underfrequency Load Shedding Relay Model LSDT8

Model supported by PSLF

Tfilter Input transducer time constant tres Resetting time f1 to f3 Frequency load shedding point t1 to t3 Pickup time tb1 to tb3 Breaker time frac1 to frac3 Fraction of load to shed df1 to df3 Rate of frequency shedding point

Definite Time Characteristic

Load Relays LSDT9

Shed (p.u.) Bus Frequency

Definite Time Underfrequency Load Shedding Relay Model LSDT9

Model supported by PSLF

Tfilter Input transducer time constant tres Resetting time f1 to f9 Frequency load shedding point t1 to t9 Pickup time tb1 to tb9 Breaker time frac1 to frac9 Fraction of load to shed

Definite Time Characteristic

Load Relays LVS3

Undervoltage Load Shedding Model with Transfer Trip LVS3

Model supported by PSSE

FirstTran Trip Obj First Transfer Trip Object SecondTran Trip Obj First Transfer Trip Object SC Shed Shunts v1 to v5 Voltage load shedding point t1 to t5 Pickup time tb1 to tb5 Breaker time Frac1 to frac5 Fraction of load to shed ttb1 to ttb2 Transfer trip breaker time

Load Relays LVSH

Undervoltage Load Shedding Model LVSH

Model supported by PSSE

v1 to v3 Voltage load shedding point t1 to t3 Pickup time frac1 to frac3 Fraction of load to shed tb Breaker time

Machine Model BPASVC No Block Diagram. Old BPA IPF program model.

Machine Model CBEST

EPRI Battery Energy Storage Model CBEST

Model supported by PSSE

States: 1 – VLL1 2 – VLL2 3 – IQ 4 – EnergyIn 5 - EnergyOut

𝑂𝑢𝑡𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑠

𝐼𝑛𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑠

Other SignalsVOTHSG

π

1

𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥

(1 + 𝑠𝑇1)(1 + 𝑠𝑇2)(1 + 𝑠𝑇3)(1 + 𝑠𝑇4)

𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 2

3

−𝐼𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥

𝐼𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐾𝐴𝑉𝑅𝑠

𝑉𝑎𝑐

𝑀𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑆𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒

+

𝐷𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑝

𝑉𝑅𝐸𝐹

𝑉𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝 𝑄𝑜𝑢𝑡

+ 𝐼𝑞

𝐼𝑄𝑚𝑎𝑥 = �𝐼𝑎𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥2 − �𝑃𝑎𝑐𝑉𝑎𝑐

�2

4

𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥

1

−𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥

∑ 𝑀𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑆𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒

𝐼𝑎𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑉𝑎𝑐

1

−𝐼𝑎𝑐𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑉𝑎𝑐

𝑀𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑆𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒

𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑡

𝑃𝑎𝑐 𝑃𝐴𝑈𝑋 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡

+

+

5

+

+

𝐸𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 > 0

𝑃𝑜𝑢𝑡 < 0

Machine Model CIMTR1

Model CIMTR1

Model supported by PSSE

Tp T' - Transient rotor time constant Tpp T'' – Sub-transient rotor time constant in sec. H Inertia constant in sec. X Synchronous reactance Xp X' – Transient Reactance Xpp X'' – Sub-transient Reactance Xl Stator leakage reactance in p.u. E1 Field voltage value E1 SE1 Saturation value at E1 E2 Field voltage value E2 SE2 Saturation value at E2 Switch Switch Ra Stator resistance in p.u.

States: 1 – Epr 2 – Epi 3 – Ekr 4 – Eki 5 – Speed wr

Machine Model CIMTR2

Induction Motor Model CIMTR2

Model supported by PSSE

Tp T' - Transient rotor time constant Tpp T'' – Sub-transient rotor time constant in sec. H Inertia constant in sec. X Synchronous reactance Xp X' – Transient Reactance Xpp X'' – Sub-transient Reactance Xl Stator leakage reactance in p.u. E1 Field voltage value E1 SE1 Saturation value at E1 E2 Field voltage value E2 SE2 Saturation value at E2 D Damping

States: 1 – Epr 2 – Epi 3 – Ekr 4 – Eki 5 – Speed wr

Machine Model CIMTR3

Induction Generator Model CIMTR3

Model supported by PSSE

Tp T' - Transient rotor time constant Tpp T'' – Sub-transient rotor time constant in sec. H Inertia constant in sec. X Synchronous reactance Xp X' – Transient Reactance Xpp X'' – Sub-transient Reactance Xl Stator leakage reactance in p.u. E1 Field voltage value E1 SE1 Saturation value at E1 E2 Field voltage value E2 Switch Switch SYN-POW Mechanical power at synchronous speed (p.u. > 0)

States: 1 – Epr 2 – Epi 3 – Ekr 4 – Eki 5 – Speed wr

Machine Model CIMTR4

Induction Motor Model CIMTR4

Model supported by PSSE

Tp T' - Transient rotor time constant Tpp T'' – Sub-transient rotor time constant in sec. H Inertia constant in sec. X Synchronous reactance Xp X' – Transient Reactance Xpp X'' – Sub-transient Reactance Xl Stator leakage reactance in p.u. E1 Field voltage value E1 SE1 Saturation value at E1 E2 Field voltage value E2 D Damping SYN-TOR Synchronous torque (p.u. < 0)

States: 1 – Epr 2 – Epi 3 – Ekr 4 – Eki 5 – Speed wr

Machine Model CSTATT

Static Condenser (STATCON) Model CSTATT

Model supported by PSSE

States: 1 – Regulator 1 2 – Regulator 2 3 – Thyristor

Other SignalsVOTHSG

+−

1

𝑉𝑚𝑎𝑥

(1 + 𝑠𝑇1)(1 + 𝑠𝑇2)(1 + 𝑠𝑇3)(1 + 𝑠𝑇4)

𝑉𝑚𝑖𝑛 2

3

𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑀𝑖𝑛

𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑥

𝐾𝑠

𝐸𝑇

𝑀𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒𝑆𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒

+

𝐷𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑝

1𝑋𝑡

𝑉𝑅𝐸𝐹

𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑀𝑖𝑛 = 𝑉𝑇 − 𝑋𝑇𝐼𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥0

𝑖𝑓 (𝑉𝑇 ≥ 𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡) 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐼𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥0 = 𝐼𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥

𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝐼𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥0 =𝐼𝐿𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑉𝑇𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡

where

𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑥 = 𝑉𝑇 + 𝑋𝑇𝐼𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥0

𝑖𝑓 (𝑉𝑇 ≥ 𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡) 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝐼𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥0 = 𝐼𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥

𝑒𝑙𝑠𝑒 𝐼𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥0 =𝐼𝐶𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑉𝑇𝑉𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑜𝑢𝑡

where

Also, 𝐿𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑀𝑎𝑥 ≤ 𝐸𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡

V is on the high-side of the generator step-up if integrated transformer step-up is included.

|𝑉|

Machine Model CSVGN1

Model supported by PSSE

Σ−

Machine Model CSVGN1 Static Shunt Compensator CSVGN1

+

5

11 sT+

1.

/MINR RBASE

Other SignalsVOTHSG

REFV−

V ( )( )( )( )

1 2

3 4

1 11 1

K sT sTsT sT+ ++ +

MAXV

MINV

π+

/BASEC SBASE

/MBASE SBASE

RBASE MBASE= is the voltage magnitude on the high side of generator step-up transformer if present.VNote :

31 2

States: 1 – Regulator1 2 – Regulator2 3 – Thyristor

Machine Model CSVGN3

Model supported by PSSE

Σ−

Machine Model CSVGN3 Static Shunt Compensator CSVGN3

+

5

11 sT+

1.

π+

/MINR RBASE

Other SignalsVOTHSG

REFV−

/BASEC SBASE

YERRV

V ( )( )( )( )

1 2

3 4

1 11 1

K sT sTsT sT+ ++ +

MAXV

MINV

1, if / if

ERR OV

ERR OV

V VRMIN RBASE V V

>< −

Σ

/MBASE SBASE

RBASE MBASE= is the voltage magnitude on the high side of generator step-up transformer if present.VNote :

31 2

States: 1 – Regulator1 2 – Regulator2 3 – Thyristor

Machine Model CSVGN4

Model supported by PSSE

Σ−

Machine Model CSVGN4 Static Shunt Compensator CSVGN4

+

5

11 sT+

1.

π+

/MINR RBASE

Other SignalsVOTHSG

REFV−

/BASEC SBASE

YERRV

IBV ( )( )( )( )

1 2

3 4

1 11 1

K sT sTsT sT+ ++ +

MAXV

MINV

1, if / if

ERR OV

ERR OV

V VRMIN RBASE V V

>< −

Σ

/MBASE SBASE

RBASE MBASE=

31 2

States: 1 – Regulator1 2 – Regulator2 3 – Thyristor

Machine Model CSVGN5

Model supported by PSSE

Machine Model CSVGN5 Static Var Compensator CSVGN5

6

11 sT+

MAXB

MINB

( )VREF I

+VOLT(IBUS)

VOLT(ICON(M))or

EMAXV

EMAXV−

+

1

11 ssT+ Σ

+

( )VOTHSG I

Σ 2

3

11

S

S

sTsT

++

4

5

11

S

S

sTsT

++ SVSK

( )MBASE ISBASE ( )VAR L

( )' '

'

' '

If :If :

If :

ERR LO R MAX SD ERR

HI ERR LO R R

ERR HI R MIN

V DV B B K V DVDV V DV B B

V DV B B

> = + −< < =< =

ERRV RB

Fast Override

Thyristor Delay

'

'

If 0, /

/LO MAX SVS

HI MIN SVS

DVDV B KDV B K

=

=

=

If 0,

LO

HI

DVDV DVDV DV

>== −

Filter

Regulator1st Stage 2nd Stage

'R

B SVSB

31 2

States: 1 – Filter 2 – Regulator1 3 – Regulator2 4 – Thyristor

4

Machine Model CSVGN6

Model supported by PSSE

Machine Model CSVGN6 Static Var Compensator CSVGN6

6

11 sT+

MAXB

MINB

VREF

+VOLT(IBUS)

VOLT(ICON(M))or

+

1

11 ssT+ Σ

+

OtherSignals

( )VOTHSG I

Σ 2

3

11

S

S

sTsT

++

4

5

11

S

S

sTsT

++ SVSK

( )' '

'

' '

If :If :

If :

ERR LO R MAX SD ERR

HI ERR LO R R

ERR HI R MIN

V DV B B K V DVDV V DV B B

V DV B B

> = + −< < =< =

ERRV RB

Fast Override

Thyristor Delay

'

'

If 0, /

/LO MAX SVS

HI MIN SVS

DVDV B KDV B K

=

=

=

If 0,

LO

HI

DVDV DVDV DV

>== −

Filter

'R

B SVSB

MAXV

MINV

EMAXV

EMINV

++

Σ

Position 1 is normal (open)If 2, switch willclose after cycles.

ERRV DVTDELAY

>

1 2

BIAS

BSHUNT

+

RB

31 2

4States: 1 – Filter 2 – Regulator1 3 – Regulator2 4 – Thyristor

Machine Model GEN_BPA_MMG2 No block diagram. 2 state machine model (Angle, Speed, and constant Eqp) Machine Model GEN_BPA_MMG3 No block diagram. 3 state machine model (Angle, Speed, Eqp). Similar to GENTRA Machine Model GEN_BPA_MMG4 No block diagram. 4 state machine model (Angle, Speed, Eqp, Edp). Machine Model GEN_BPA_MMG5 No block diagram, but similar to GENSAL and GENSAE. 5 states (Angle, Speed, Eqp, Eqpp, Edpp). Machine Model GEN_BPA_MMG6 No block diagram, but similar to GENROU and GENROE. 6 states (Angle, Speed, Eqp, Eqpp, Edp, Edpp).

Machine Model GENCC

fdE+

Machine Model GENCC Generator represented by uniform inductance ratios rotor

modeling to match WSCC type F

+

'

1

dosT

'

' ''d d

d d

X XX X

−−

Model supported by PSLF

''

'd d

d d

X XX X

−−

' ''d dX X−

'qE '

qE''

1

dosTΣ

di

1EeS

q

d

XX

q axis

d axis

−Σ

π

States: 1 – Angle 2 – Speed w 3 – Eqp 4 – Eqpp 5 – Edp 6 - Edpp

Machine Model GENCLS_PLAYBACK

Machine Model GENCLS_PLAYBACK Synchronous machine represented by “classical” modeling or

Thevenin Voltage Source to play Back known voltage/frequency signal

Model supported by PSLF

RecordedVoltage

RespondingSystem0.03

on 100 MVA baseabZ =

A B

gencls

RespondingSystem

ppdI

B

RespondingSystem0.03

on 100 MVA baseabZ =

A Bgencls

ppdI

States: 1 – Angel 2 – Speed w

Machine Model GENDCO

Round Rotor Generator Model Including DC Offset Torque Component GENDCO

Model supported by PSSE

H Inertia constant in sec. D Damping Ra Stator resistance in p.u. Xd Xd – Direct axis synchronous reactance Xq Xq – Quadrature axis synchronous reactance Xdp X'd – Direct axis synchronous reactance Xqp X'q – Quadrature axis synchronous reactance Xl Stator leakage reactance in p.u. Tdop T'do – Open circuit direct axis transient time constant Tqop T'qo – Quadrature axis transient time constant Tdopp T''do – Open circuit direct axis subtransient time constant Tqopp T''qo – Quadrature axis subtransient time constant S(1.0) Saturation factor at 1.0 p.u. flux S(1.2) Saturation factor at 1.2 p.u. flux Ta Ta

Machine Model GENIND

States: 1 – Epr 2 – Epi 3 – Ekr 4 – Eki 5 – Speed wr

𝐿𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑡′′ =

1𝐾𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝐿𝑚⁄ + 1 𝐿𝑙𝑟1⁄ + 1 𝐿𝑙𝑟2⁄

Ψmd

Ψmq

E''q = ψ'd

-E''d = ψ'q

Ψqr2

-

ids

Two Cage or One Cage Induction Generator Model GENIND

Model supported by PSLF

ψdr2

iqs

𝜔𝑜 ∙ 𝑅𝑟2𝐿𝑙𝑟2

� +

L''m sat

-

+

1𝐿𝑙𝑟2

ωo SLIP

Ψqr1

-

ψdr1

𝜔𝑜 ∙ 𝑅𝑟1

𝐿𝑙𝑟1 � + �

-

+ 1

𝐿𝑙𝑟1

ωo SLIP

+

+

Ψdr1

-

Ψqr1

𝜔𝑜 ∙ 𝑅𝑟1

𝐿𝑙𝑟1 � + �

+

+ 1

𝐿𝑙𝑟1

ωo SLIP

+

+

Ψdr2

-

Ψqr2

𝜔𝑜 ∙ 𝑅𝑟2

𝐿𝑙𝑟2 � + �

+

+ 1

𝐿𝑙𝑟2

ωo SLIP

�ψ𝑚𝑑2 + ψ𝑚𝑞

2 Se

Ψm

� L''m sat

L''m sat

L''m sat

-

-

+

+

Ksat = 1 + Se(ψm)

𝐿𝑚 = 𝐿𝑠 − 𝐿𝑙 𝐿𝑚′ = 1/(1/𝐿𝑚 + 1/𝐿𝑙𝑟1) = 𝐿′ − 𝐿𝑙 𝐿𝑚′′ = 1/(1/𝐿𝑚 + 1/𝐿𝑙𝑟1 + 1/𝐿𝑙𝑟2)

= 𝐿′′ − 𝐿𝑙 𝑇𝑜′ = 𝐿𝑙𝑟1 ∙ 𝐿𝑚/(𝜔𝑜 ∙ 𝑅𝑟1 ∙ 𝐿𝑚′ )

= (𝐿𝑙𝑟1 + 𝐿𝑚)/(𝜔𝑜 ∙ 𝑅𝑟1) 𝑇𝑜′′ = 𝐿𝑙𝑟2 ∙ 𝐿𝑚′ /(𝜔𝑜 ∙ 𝑅𝑟2 ∙ 𝐿𝑚′′ )

= (𝐿𝑙𝑟2 + 𝐿𝑚′ )/(𝜔𝑜 ∙ 𝑅𝑟2)

Machine Model GEPWTwoAxis

Model GENPWTwoAxis

Model supported by PW

H Inertia constant in sec. D Damping Ra Stator resistance in p.u. Xd Xd – Direct axis synchronous reactance Xq Xq – Quadrature axis synchronous reactance Xdp X'd – Direct axis synchronous reactance Xqp X'q – Quadrature axis synchronous reactance Tdop T'do – Open circuit direct axis transient time constant Tqop T'qo – Quadrature axis transient time constant

States: 1 – Angel 2 – Speed w 3 – Eqp 4 – Edp

Machine Model GENROE

Round Rotor Generator Model GENROEInduction Generator

Model supported by PSSE

Same as the GENROU model, except that an exponential function is used for saturation

Machine Model GENROU

fdE+

Machine Model GENROU Solid Rotor Generator represented by equal mutual

inductance rotor modeling

+

+'

1

dosT

''

'd l

d l

X XX X

−−

''dP

di

fdP

' ''

'd d

d l

X XX X

−− Σ

'd lX X−

+ ''

1

dosT−Σ

kdP−

+

+

+

'd dX X−

Σ

''dP

+

+

Σ

''P

''

( )q l

qd l

X XP

X X−

eS

Σ

' ''

'( )**2d d

d l

X XX X

−−

d AXIS−

ad fdL i

*** , q AXIS identical swapping d and q substripts−

Model supported by PSSE and PSLF

States: 1 – Angle 2 – Speed w 3 – Eqp 4 – PsiDp 5 – PsiQpp 6 – Edp

Machine Model GENSAE Same as the GENSAL model, except that an exponential function is used for saturation

Machine Model GENSAL

fdE+

Machine Model GENSAL Salient Pole Generator represented by equal mutual

inductance rotor modeling

+

+'

1

dosT

''

'd l

d l

X XX X

−−

''dP

di

fdP ' ''

'd d

d l

X XX X

−− Σ

'd lX X−

+ ''

1

dosT−Σ

kdP−

++

+

'd dX X−

Σ

+

+

Σ

' ''

'( )**2d d

d l

X XX X

−−

d AXIS−

ad fdL iΣ

''

1

qosT−Σ kdP−

''q qX X−

''qP

qiq AXIS−

e fdS P

Model supported by PSSE and PSLF

States: 1 – Angle 2 – Speed w 3 – Eqp 4 – PsiDp 5 – PsiQpp

Machine Model GENTPF

φ''d E''q E'q - +

Generator Represented by Uniform Inductance Ratios Rotor Modeling to Match WSCC Type F Model GENTPF

Model supported by PSLF

1𝑠𝑇𝑑𝑜′

� Se Efd

+ -

� -

+

Se 𝐿𝑑 − 𝐿𝑑′

𝐿𝑑′ − 𝐿𝑑′′

𝐿𝑑 − 𝐿𝑑′′

𝐿𝑑′ − 𝐿𝑑′′

1

𝑠𝑇𝑑𝑜′′

𝐿𝑑′ − 𝐿𝑑′′

id

States: 1 – Angle 2 – Spped w 3 – Eqp 4 – Eqpp 5 – Edp 6 – Edpp

𝑆𝑒 = 1 + 𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛�𝜓𝑎𝑔�

𝑆𝑒 = 1 +𝑋𝑞𝑋𝑑

𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛�𝜓𝑎𝑔�

Q-Axis Similar except:

Machine Model GENTPJ Same as the GENTPF model, except that the saturation function input is modeled with an extra term using the 𝐾𝑖𝑠 value as follows.

𝑆𝑒 = 1 + 𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛�𝜓𝑎𝑔 + 𝐾𝑖𝑠𝐼𝑡 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛(𝐼𝑑)�

𝑆𝑒 = 1 +𝑋𝑞𝑋𝑑

𝑆𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝐹𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛�𝜓𝑎𝑔 + 𝐾𝑖𝑠𝐼𝑡 ∗ 𝑠𝑖𝑔𝑛(𝐼𝑑)�

Q-Axis Similar except:

Machine Model GENTRA

fdE+

Machine Model GENTRA Salient Pole Generator without Amortisseur Windings

+

Model supported by PSLF

di

'dX

'd dX X−+

+

d AXIS−

ad fdL i

qX qiq AXIS−

eS

'

1

dosT Σ−

Σ

Σ

States: 1 – Angle 2 – Speed w 3 - Eqp

Machine Model GENWRI

MECHP+

Machine Model GENWRI Wound-rotor Induction Generator Model with Variable External

Rotor Resistance

+1

2Hs

Model supported by PSLF

rω slip0ω÷Σ

ELECP

Σ

Sf

( )( )

( )( )( )

( )( )

'0

'0

'

'0

'

'0

'

'

2

22 2

( )

( )

s l

s

fd d s dfd fq

fq q s qfq fd

d fd

q fq

L LR Tpo

L L

R TpoTR ex R

S L L islip

T

S L L islip

T

−=

=+

+ + −= − +

+ + −= − +

=

=

ω

ϕϕ ϕ

ϕϕ ϕ

ϕ ϕ

ϕ ϕ

( ) ( )( )( )( )

' '

' '

2 2' ' '

'

'

'

q s d d a q

d s q q a d

d q

e sat

d e d

q e d

e Li R i

e Li R i

S f

S S

S S

= − −

= − + −

= +

=

=

=

ω ϕ

ω ϕ

ϕ ϕ ϕ

ϕ

ϕ

ϕ

'0R2Tpo is a constant which is equal to T times

the total rotor resistance. R2 is the internal rotor resistance R2ex is the internal rotor resistance

States: 1 – Epr 2 – Epi 3 – Speed wr

Machine Model GEWTG

Machine Model GEWTG Generator/converter model for GE wind turbines –

Doubly Fed Asynchronous Generator (DFAG)

Model supported by PSLF

jLpp

States: 1 – Eq 2 – Ip 3 – Vmeas

𝑗𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐

𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 +

−1𝑗𝐿𝑝𝑝

11 + 0.02𝑠

𝐼𝑃𝐶𝑀𝐷 1

0.02𝑠

rrpwr

𝐸𝑄𝐶𝑀𝐷

∑ +

_

11 + 0.02𝑠

VT

LVPL

2

Lvpl1

xerox brkpt V

1

3

if LPVLSW = 0 then ignore this limit

1

0.4 0.8

π

𝐼𝑃

𝐼𝑞𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎

𝑉𝑇 ≤ 1.2

𝐼𝑞𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎 is calculated in network equations solution to enforce high voltage limit

VT

𝐼𝑄

Low Voltage Active Current Management

High Voltage Reactive Current Management

+ + Norton Equivalent Interface to network equations

EXWTGE Model

When fcflg = 0, this means a DFAG machine

Machine Model GEWTG Generator/converter model for GE wind turbines –

Full Converter (FC) Models

Model supported by PSLF

States: 1 – Eq 2 – Ip 3 – Vmeas

𝑗𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐

𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 +

-1 11 + 0.02𝑠

𝐼𝑃𝐶𝑀𝐷 1

0.02𝑠

rrpwr

𝐸𝑄𝐶𝑀𝐷

∑ +

_

11 + 0.02𝑠

VT

LVPL

2

Lvpl1

xerox brkpt V

1

3

if LPVLSW = 0 then ignore this limit

1

0.4 0.8

π

𝐼𝑃

𝐼𝑞𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎

𝑉𝑇 ≤ 1.2

𝐼𝑞𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎 is calculated in network equations solution to enforce high voltage limit

VT

𝐼𝑄

Low Voltage Active Current Management

High Voltage Reactive Current Management

+ + Norton Equivalent Interface to network equations

EWTFC Model

When fcflg = 1, this means a Full Converter machine

Machine Model InfiniteBusSignalGen This model extends the functionality of an infinite bus model. Of course in power system dynamics an infinite bus is characterized by a fixed voltage magnitude and frequency. This model makes it easy to change both the voltage magnitude and frequency, hence making it easy to see how other models in the system respond to frequency and voltage disturbances. Presently the model has the ability to do either unit step changes, ramp changes, or constant frequency sinusoidal changes. Up to five separate time segments (changes) can be modeled. The model dialog is shown as follows. It has two general fields (DoRamp and StartTime,Sec) and then five sets of five fields corresponding to each of the time segments. These fields are described below.

General Options

• DoRamp is an integer option that determines whether the non-sinusoidal changes should be discrete (DoRamp = 0) or ramping (DoRamp = 1). The default is zero.

• Start Time, Sec is the number of seconds before the first event occurs. The default is zero. Segment Fields The next five fields are associated with each time segment.

• Volt Delta(PU) : is the per unit magnitude of the voltage change to simulate. • Volt Freq(Hz) : is the frequency of the sinusoidal function to apply to the voltage disturbance. If this value is greater

than zero then the voltage disturbance is a sin function with a magnitude of VoltDeltaPU. Set this field to zero when simulating a unit step or ramp disturbance. The default is zero.

• Speed Delta (Hz) : is the magnitude of the speed (frequency) change to simulate. • Speed Freq(Hz) : is the frequency of the sinusoidal function to apply to the speed disturbance. • Duration (Sec) : is the duration of the event in seconds. Both the voltage and frequency events have the same

duration, with the usual expectation that either one or the other will be applied. If the duration value is negative then this event is ignored. A value of zero indicates the event continues until the end of the simulation (except when a zero is used with a ramp event the ramp is assumed to be a unit step).

These fields are then repeated for the next time segment. Up to five segments can be simulated. The changes are cumulative, so the value assumed at the beginning of the next segment is the value that existed at the end of the previous time segment. The model used is very similar to the PLAYINGEN model. As an example, consider four bus system shown in upper-left figure on the following page with the generator at bus 2 represented with an InfiniteBusSignalGen model. The signal generator is set to run flat for 1 seconds (Start Time,Sec = 1), then ramp the voltage up by 0.1 per unit over two seconds, ramp it back down over two seconds, hold flat for one second, then start a 0.1 per unit, 2 Hz oscillation until the end. This input data is shown in bottom-left figure on the next page with the results shown in upper-right. In the results figure the Blue line shows the infinite bus voltage (bus 2), while the red shows the terminal voltage for the other generator (bus 4). The middle-right figure shows a similar test with the generator frequency except the frequency of the change is dropped to 0.5 Hz. Again blue shows the generator 2 value, in this case speed, while red shows the generator 4 speed. When the frequency of the infinite bus speed variation approaches the natural frequency of the bus 4 generator (about 1.8 Hz, calculated through single machine infinite bus analysis), resonance can be seen to occur. This is shown in lower-right figure; note now the input frequency has a magnitude of just 0.1 Hz and the simulation has been extended to twenty seconds.

Infinite Bus

slack

Bus 1 Bus 2

Bus 3

0.00 Deg 6.58 Deg

Bus 4

11.57 Deg

4.45 Deg 1.000 pu 1.030 pu 1.048 pu

1.097 pu

Term. PU_Gen Bus 2 #1 Term. PU_Gen Bus 4 #1

109876543210

1.141.131.121.111.1

1.091.081.071.061.051.041.031.021.01

10.990.980.970.960.950.940.930.920.910.9

Speed, Gen Bus 2 #1 Speed, Gen Bus 4 #1

109876543210

61.361.261.1

6160.960.860.760.660.560.460.360.260.1

6059.959.859.759.659.559.459.359.259.1

5958.9

Speed_Gen Bus 2 #1 Speed_Gen Bus 4 #1

20191817161514131211109876543210

61

60.9

60.8

60.7

60.6

60.5

60.4

60.3

60.2

60.1

60

59.9

59.8

59.7

59.6

59.5

59.4

59.3

Machine Model MOTOR1

Machine Model MOTOR1 “Two-cage” or “one-cage” induction machine

Model supported by PSLF

1

1

o r

lr

RLω

oSLIPω1drψ

Σ1

1.

lrL

+

−+

+1qrψ

2

2

o r

lr

RLω

oSLIPω

Σ

2drψ

Σ2

1.

lrL

+

−+

−2qrψ

'' m satLΣ

+

+

'' ''d qE ψ− =

'' m satL qsi

Σ

eS

1. ( )sat e mK S ψ= +

''

1 2

1./ 1. / 1. /m sat

sat m lr lr

LK L L L

=+ +

Σ

2

2

o r

lr

RLω

oSLIPω2qrψ

Σ2

1.

lrL

+

−+

+2drψ

1

1

o r

lr

RLω

oSLIPω

Σ Σ1

1.

lrL

+

−+

+1drψ

Σ

1qrψ

'' m satL

+

+ Σ

+

2 2md mqψ ψ+

'' m satL dsi

−Σ+

'' ''q dE ψ=

' '1

'' ''1 2

' '1 1 1 1

'' ' '' '2 2 2 2

1. / (1. / 1. / )

1. / (1. / 1. / 1. / )

/ ( ) ( ) / ( )

/ ( ) ( ) / ( )

m s l

m m lr l

m m lr lr l

o lr m o r m lr m o r

o lr m o r m lr m o r

L L LL L L L LL L L L L LT L L R L L L RT L L R L L L R

ω ω

ω ω

= −

= + = −

= + + = −

= = +

= = +

mqψ

mdψ

States: 1 – Epr 2 – Epi 3 – Ekr 4 - Eki 5 – Speed wr

Machine Model PLAYINGEN

Playin Signals

States: 1 – Frequency [per unit] 2 – Voltage [per unit] 3 – Delta [radians]

𝑤𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒

𝑠 ∑

11 + 𝑠𝑇𝐹𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥

Playin Signals

11 + 𝑠𝑇𝑉𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑥

Value[Vindex]

Value[Findex]

𝑒𝑗𝐷𝑒𝑙𝑡𝑎

1.0

+

𝑉

𝐷𝑒𝑙𝑡𝑎 [radians]

𝑉 [𝑝𝑢]

1 3

+

Thevenin Equivalent Interface to network equations

2

𝑅𝑡ℎ + 𝑗𝑋𝑡ℎ

_

Playin Signal Generator (PLAYINGEN)

Machine Model STCON

Vt∠ ∥θ

Static Synchronous Condenser Model STCON

Model supported by PSLF

qset

qterm

� -

UMIN = S3

UMAX = S2

UMIN

UMAX + +

VMIN

VMAX �

Vctr

11 + 𝑠𝑇𝑓

𝐾𝑖𝑠

Kp

iterm

𝐾𝑖𝑞𝑠

R

Vref

+

Vsig + +

+

� -

+

Vint π

If S4 > Imax +

𝐾𝑖𝑙𝑠

𝐾𝑖𝑙𝑠

-

� Vmax

+

If S4 < (Imax - Imxeps) and

vterm > vthresh

-

If qterm ≥ 0

If qterm ≤ 0

If S4 > Imax +

𝐾𝑖𝑙𝑠

𝐾𝑖𝑙𝑠

-

� Vmin

+

If S4 < (Imax - Imxeps) and

vterm > vthresh

-

𝐾𝑖𝑙𝑠

-

� Vmin

+

𝐾𝑖𝑙𝑠

-

� Vmax

+

iterm, qterm pterm = 0

Vint∠ ∥θ

1

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑓

|iterm|

Xt

2

1

2

2

2

3

States: 1 – Vsens 2 – Integrator 3 – Umax 4 – Umin 5 – ItermSens 6 – Qerr

2

4 2

5

2

6

2

3

2

4

2

3

2

4

2

5

2

5

2

5

2

5

2

5

2

5

Machine Model SVCWSC

Static Var Device Model SVCWSC

Model supported by PSLF

� -

-

+

BMIN

BMAX

� Vbus �

Vref

Vscs + Vs

+ + +

Bsvs

π

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝐶1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠1

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠2

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠3

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠4

𝑏 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠5

1

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠6

XC

KSVS

Vs (from external PSS)

VeMIN

VeMAX

V1MIN

V1MAX

Kvc·V2MIN

Kvc·V2MAX Fast Over Ride

If Vbus < V1vd, Kvc = 0. If Vbus > V2vd for Tdvcl sec., Kvc = 1.

Voltage Clamp Logic

𝐾𝑠1

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠7

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠8

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠9

𝐾𝑠2

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠10

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠11

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠12

+

+

KS3 𝑠𝑇𝑠13

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠14

Input 1

Input 2 VscsMIN

VscsMAX

Vscs

2

1 2

2 2

3 2

4

2

5 2

6

2

7

2

9

2

8

States: 1 – LLVbus 2 – Regulator1 3 – Regulator2 4 – Thyristor 5 – Transducer1 6 – LL1 7 – Transducer2 8 - LL2 9 – WO13

Machine Model VWSCC

Static Var Device Model VWSCC

Model supported by PSLF

� -

-

+

BMIN

BMAX

� Vbus �

Vref

Vscs + +

+ Bsvs

π

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝐶1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠1

𝐴 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠2

𝐵 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠3

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠4

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠5

1

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑠6

XC

KSVS

(from Stabilizer)

VeMIN

VeMAX

Fast Over Ride e-sTd1

2

1 2

2 2

3

States: 1 – LLVBus 2 – Regulator1 3 – Regulator2 4 – Thyristor

2

4

Machine Model WT1G

𝐿𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑡′′ =

1𝐾𝑠𝑎𝑡 𝐿𝑚⁄ + 1 𝐿𝑙𝑟1⁄ + 1 𝐿𝑙𝑟2⁄

Ψmd

Ψmq

E''q = ψ'd

-E''d = ψ'q

Ψqr2

-

ids

Generator Model for Generic Type-1 Wind Turbines WT1G

Model supported by PSLF

ψdr2

iqs

𝜔𝑜 ∙ 𝑅𝑟2𝐿𝑙𝑟2

� +

L''m sat

-

+

1𝐿𝑙𝑟2

ωo SLIP

Ψqr1

-

ψdr1

𝜔𝑜 ∙ 𝑅𝑟1

𝐿𝑙𝑟1 � + �

-

+ 1

𝐿𝑙𝑟1

ωo SLIP

+

+

Ψdr1

-

Ψqr1

𝜔𝑜 ∙ 𝑅𝑟1

𝐿𝑙𝑟1 � + �

+

+ 1

𝐿𝑙𝑟1

ωo SLIP

+

+

Ψdr2

-

Ψqr2

𝜔𝑜 ∙ 𝑅𝑟2

𝐿𝑙𝑟2 � + �

+

+ 1

𝐿𝑙𝑟2

ωo SLIP

�ψ𝑚𝑑2 + ψ𝑚𝑞

2 Se

Ψm

� L''m sat

L''m sat

L''m sat

-

-

+

+

Ksat = 1 + Se(ψm)

𝐿𝑚 = 𝐿𝑠 − 𝐿𝑙 𝐿𝑚′ = 1/(1/𝐿𝑚 + 1/𝐿𝑙𝑟1) = 𝐿′ − 𝐿𝑙 𝐿𝑚′′ = 1/(1/𝐿𝑚 + 1/𝐿𝑙𝑟1 + 1/𝐿𝑙𝑟2)

= 𝐿′′ − 𝐿𝑙 𝑇𝑜′ = 𝐿𝑙𝑟1 ∙ 𝐿𝑚/(𝜔𝑜 ∙ 𝑅𝑟1 ∙ 𝐿𝑚′ )

= (𝐿𝑙𝑟1 + 𝐿𝑚)/(𝜔𝑜 ∙ 𝑅𝑟1) 𝑇𝑜′′ = 𝐿𝑙𝑟2 ∙ 𝐿𝑚′ /(𝜔𝑜 ∙ 𝑅𝑟2 ∙ 𝐿𝑚′′ )

= (𝐿𝑙𝑟2 + 𝐿𝑚′ )/(𝜔𝑜 ∙ 𝑅𝑟2)

States: 1 – Epr 2 – Epi 3 – Ekr 4 – Eki

Machine Model WT1G1

Direct Connected Type 1 Generator Model WT1G1

Model supported by PSSE

Tpo T' – Open circuit transient rotor time constant Tppo T'' – Open circuit sub-transient rotor time constant in sec. Ls Synchronous reactance Lp L' – Transient Reactance Lpp L'' – Sub-transient Reactance Ll Stator leakage reactance (p.u. > 0) E1 Field voltage value E1 SE1 Saturation value at E1 E2 Field voltage value E2 SE2 Saturation value at E2

States: 1 – Epr 2 – Epi 3 – Ekr 4 – Eki

Machine Model WT2G

Model WT2G

Model supported by PSLF

Ls Synchronous reactance, (p.u. > 0) Lp Transient reactance, (p.u. > 0) Ll Stator leakage reactance, (p.u. > 0) Ra Stator resistance in p.u. Tpo Transient rotor time constant in sec. S(1.0) Saturation factor at 1.0 p.u. flux S(1.2) Saturation factor at 1.2 p.u. flux spdrot Initial electrical rotor speed, p.u. of system frequency Accel Factor Acceleration factor

States:

1 – Epr 2 – Epi 3 – Ekr 4 – Eki

Machine Model WT2G1

Induction Generator with Controlled External Rotor Resistor Type 2 Model WT2G1

Model supported by PSSE

Xa Stator reactance Xm Magnetizing reactance X1 Rotor reactance R_Rot_Mach Rotor resistance R_Rot_Max Sum of R_Rot_Mach and total external resistance E1 Field voltage value E1 SE1 Saturation value at E1 E2 Field voltage value E2 SE2 Saturation value at E2 Power_Ref1 to Power_Ref_5 Coordinate pairs of the power-slip curve Slip_1 to Slip_5 Power-Slip

States:

1 – Epr 2 – Epi 3 – Ekr 4 – Eki

Note: The Power_Ref and Slip values specified here are actually used in conjunction with the WT2E1 model

Machine Model WT3G

Generator/converter Model for Type-3 (Double-Fed) Wind Turbines WT3G

Model supported by PSLF

jLpp

−1𝑗𝐿𝑝𝑝

States: 1 – Eq 2 – Ip 3 – Vmeas

𝑗𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐

𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 +

11 + 𝑠𝑇𝑑

𝐼𝑃𝐶𝑀𝐷 1𝑠𝑇𝑑

rrpwr

𝐸𝑄𝐶𝑀𝐷

∑ +

_

11 + 𝑠𝑇𝐿𝑉𝑃𝐿

VT

LVPL

2

Lvpl1

xerox brkpt V

1

3

if LPVLSW = 0 then ignore this limit

1

Lvpnt0 Lvpnt1

π

𝐼𝑃

𝐼𝑞𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎

𝑉𝑇 ≤ 𝑉𝑙𝑖𝑚

𝐼𝑞𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎 is calculated in network equations solution to enforce high voltage limit

VT

𝐼𝑄

Low Voltage Active Current Management

High Voltage Reactive Current Management

+ + Norton Equivalent Interface to network equations

WT3E Model

Machine Model WT3G1

Double-Fed Induction Generator (Type 3) Model WT3G1

Model supported by PSEE

𝐼�̅�𝑜𝑟𝑐

Vterm∠ θ

1

1 + 0.02𝑠

−1

𝑋𝑒𝑞

T

1

1 + 0.02𝑠

Eq cmd

(efd) From Converter Control

IP cmd

Eq

IP

IYinj

IXinj

jX''

-Pllmax

Pllmax

𝐾𝑝𝑙𝑙𝜔𝑜

𝐾𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑙𝑠

+ T

-1

𝜔𝑜

𝑠

-Pllmax

Pllmax

𝑉�𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚

VX

δ +

Notes: 1. 𝑉�𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 and 𝐼�̅�𝑜𝑟𝑐 are complex values on network reference frame. 2. In steady-state, V

Y = 0, V

X = V

term, and δ = θ.

3. Xeq

= Imaginary (ZSOURCE)

VY

2

1

2

2

2

3

States: 1 – Eq 2 – Iq 3 – Vmeas 4 – PLL1 5 – Delta

2

4

2

5

Machine Model WT3G2

Double-Fed Induction Generator (Type 3) Model WT3G2

Model supported by PSEE

𝐼�̅�𝑜𝑟𝑐 −1

𝑋𝑒𝑞

T

1

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑖𝑞𝑐𝑚𝑑

WIPCMD

� PLLMIN

PLLMAX

𝐾𝑃𝐿𝐿𝜔𝑜

𝐾𝐼𝑃𝐿𝐿𝑠

+ T

-1

𝜔𝑜

𝑠

PLLMIN

PLLMAX

VX

+

VY

Angle of VT If KPLL = 0 and KIPLL = 0

1

𝑠𝑇𝑖𝑝𝑐𝑚𝑑

Rip_LVPL LVPL

WEPCMD

� +

-

High Voltage Reactive Current

Logic

Low Voltage Reactive Current

Logic

1

1 + 𝑠𝑇_𝐿𝑉𝑃𝐿

VT

VT LVPL

GLVPL

VLVPL1 VLVPL2 V

LVPL

States: 1 – Eq 2 – Iq 3 – Vmeas 4 – PLL1 5 – Delta

2

1

2

2

3

2

4

2

5

Machine Model WT4G

Model WT4G Type 4 Wind Turbine with Full Converter Model

Model supported by PSLF

States: 1 – Eq 2 – Ip 3 – Vmeas

𝑗𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐

𝐼𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 +

-1 11 + 𝑠𝑇𝑑

𝐼𝑃𝐶𝑀𝐷 1𝑠𝑇𝑑

rrpwr

𝐸𝑄𝐶𝑀𝐷

∑ +

_

11 + 𝑠𝑇𝐿𝑉𝑃𝐿

VT

LVPL

2

Lvpl1

xerox brkpt V

1

3

if LPVLSW = 0 then ignore this limit

1

Lvpnt0 Lvpnt1

π

𝐼𝑃

𝐼𝑞𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎

𝑉𝑇 ≤ 𝑉𝑙𝑖𝑚

𝐼𝑞𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑟𝑎 is calculated in network equations solution to enforce high voltage limit

VT

𝐼𝑄

Low Voltage Active Current Management

High Voltage Reactive Current Management

+ + Norton Equivalent Interface to network equations

WT4E Model

Machine Model WT4G1

Wind Generator Model with Power Converter WT4G1

Model supported by PSEE

𝐼�̅�𝑜𝑟𝑐 1

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑒𝑞𝑐𝑚𝑑

WIPCMD 1

𝑠𝑇𝑖𝑝𝑐𝑚𝑑

Rip_LVPL LVPL

WEPCMD

� +

-

High Voltage Reactive Current

Logic

Low Voltage Reactive Current

Logic

1

1 + 𝑠𝑇_𝐿𝑉𝑃𝐿

VT LVPL

GLVPL

VLVPL1 VLVPL2 V

LVPL

2

1

2

2

2

3

States: 1 – Eq 2 – Iq 3 – Vmeas

Stabilizer BPA SF, BPA SP, BPA SS, and BPA SG

Stabilizer BPA SF, BPA SP, BPA SS, and BPA SG Stabilizer Models

+

QV

QV

K1+sT

QS

QS

K1+sT

Q

Q

sT1+sT

'Q2

Q2

1+sT1+sT

'Q1

Q1

1+sT1+sT

T TO TV =V V−

SHAFT SLIP, FREQ. OR

ACCEL. POWER∆

'Q3

Q3

1+sT1+sT

'CUTOFF S S

CUTOFF'

S S T CUTOFF

S T CUTOFF

T TO T

If V 0.0, then V =VIf V >0.0, then

V =V if V V

V =0.0 if V >V V =V V

∆ ≤

∆ −

STV

Model in the public domain, available from BPA

SMAXV

SMINV

ΣQSKtse+

ZERO

'SV

TV∆

CHOICE OFINPUT SIGNALS

QS

QV

Q

Q1

Q2

Q3

1 - K2 - K3 - T4 - T5 - T6 - T

States

1

2

3 4 5 6

Stabilizer BPA SH, BPA SHPLUS, and BPA SI

Stabilizer BPA SH, BPA SHPLUS, and BPA SI Stabilizer Models

No block diagrams have been created

Stabilizer IEE2ST

Stabilizer IEE2ST IEEE Stabilizing Model with Dual-Input Signals

+

1

1

K1+sT

2

2

K1+sT

3

4

sT1+sT

7

8

1+sT1+sT

9

10

1+sT1+sT

SMINL

SMAXLS SS CU CT CL

S CT CL

S CT CU

V = V if (V > V > V )V = 0 if (V < V )V = 0 if (V > V )

5

6

1+sT1+sT

SSV

Output Limiter

Input Signal #1

Input Signal #2

STV

Model supported by PSSE

1

2

3 4 5

6

1 - Transducer12 - Transducer23 - Washout4 - LL15 - LL26 - Unlimited Signal

States

Stabilizer IEEEST

Stabilizer IEEEST IEEE Stabilizing Model

3

4

1+sT1+sT

5S

6

sTK1+sT

SMINL

SMAXLS SS CU CT CL

S CT CL

S CT CU

V = V if (V > V > V )V = 0 if (V < V )V = 0 if (V > V )

1

2

1+sT1+sT

SSV

Output Limiter

Input Signal2

5 62 2

1 2 3 4

1+A s+A s(1+A s+A s )(1+A s+A s )

Filter

Model supported by PSLF with time delay that is not implemented in SimulatorModel supported by PSSE

STV

1 2 3 4 5 6

1 - Filter 12 - Filter 23 - Filter 34 - Filter Out5 - LL16 - LL27 - Unlimited Signal

States

7

Stabilizer PFQRG

Stabilizer PFQRG Power-Sensitive Stabilizing Unit

-MAX

MAX+

+Σ I

PKKs

+

Model supported by PSLF

STV

ReactivePower

PowerFactor

J=1

J=0

Reference Signal,Reactive power or Power Factor

To VoltageRegulator

SupplementarySignal

1

1 - PIStates

Stabilizer PSS1A

Stabilizer PSS1A Single-Input Stabilizer Model

5S

6

sTK1+sT

SMINL

SMAXL

Output Limiter

Input Signal

Filter

Model supported by PSLF with time delay that is not implemented in SimulatorModel supported by PSSE

STV1

2

1+sT1+sT

3

4

1+sT1+sT

11 + sT6

1

1 + A1s+A2s2

If (Vcu and (Vct > Vcu)) VST = 0.0 If (Vcl and (Vct < Vcu)) VST = 0.0 Else VST = Vllout

Vllout

Stabilizer PSS2A

Stabilizer PSS2A IEEE Dual-Input Stabilizer Model

+

+

Σ

STMINV

STMAXV

Input Signal #2

W1

W1

sT1+sT 6

11+sT

W2

W2

sT1+sT

W3

W3

sT1+sT

S2

7

K1+sT

W4

W4

sT1+sT

S3K

N

8M

9

1+sT(1+sT )

+

−S1K 1

2

1+sT1+sT

3

4

1+sT1+sT

STV

A B S4

Model supported by PSLFModel supported by PSSE without T ,T lead/lag block and with K 1=

A+sT1+sT

A

B

S4K

Σ

7 81 2 3

4 5 6

Input Signal #1

1 - WOTW1 11 - RampFilter32 - WOTW2 12 - RampFilter43 - Transducer1 13 - RampFilter54 - WOTW3 14 - RampFilter65 - WOTW4 15 - RampFilter76 - Transducer2 16 - RampFilter87 - LL1 17 - RampFilter98 - LL2 18

States

- RampFilter109 - RampFilter1 19 - LLGEOnly10 - RampFilter2

19

9 18−

Stabilizer PSS2B

Stabilizer PSS2B IEEE Dual-Input Stabilizer Model

+

+

Σ

STMINV

STMAXV

W1

W1

sT1+sT 6

11+sT

W2

W2

sT1+sT

W3

W3

sT1+sT

S2

7

K1+sT

W4

W4

sT1+sT

S3K

N

8M

9

1+sT(1+sT )

+

S1K 1

2

1+sT1+sT

3

4

1+sT1+sT

STV

10

11

1+sT1+sTΣS1V

S2V

S1MAXV

S1MINV

S2MAXV

S2MINV

7 81 2 3

4 5 6

20

19

A B S4

Model supported by PSLFModel supported by PSSE without T ,T lead/lag block and with K 1=

A+sT1+sT

A

B

S4K

1 - WOTW1 11 - RampFilter32 - WOTW2 12 - RampFilter43 - Transducer1 13 - RampFilter54 - WOTW3 14 - RampFilter65 - WOTW4 15 - RampFilter76 - Transducer2 16 - RampFilter87 - LL1 17 - RampFilter98 - LL2 18

States

- RampFilter109 - RampFilter1 19 - LLGEOnly10 - RampFilter2 20 - LL3

9 18−

Stabilizer PSS3B

Stabilizer PSS3B IEEE (2005) Dual-Input Stabilizer Model

Model supported by PSLF

𝑠𝑇𝑤11 + 𝑠𝑇𝑤1

Vstma

Input 1

+

Vs

Vstmi 3

8

States: 1 – Input 1 2 – Input 2 3 – Washout 1 4 – Washout 2 5 – Washout 3 6 – Filter 1 Internal 7 – Filter 1 Output 8 – Filter 2 Internal 9 – Filter 2 Output

+

11 + 𝑠𝑇2

11 + 𝑠𝑇2

Ks1

Ks2 𝑠𝑇𝑤2

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑤2

Input 2

𝑠𝑇𝑤31 + 𝑠𝑇𝑤3

1 + 𝐴1𝑠 + 𝐴2𝑠2

1 + 𝐴3𝑠 + 𝐴4𝑠2

1 + 𝐴1𝑠 + 𝐴2𝑠2

1 + 𝐴3𝑠 + 𝐴4𝑠2

3

1

3

2

3

3

3

4

3

5 6

6 3

7 3

9

Stabilizer PSSSB

Stabilizer PSSSB IEEE PSS2A Dual-Input Stabilizer Plus Voltage Boost Signal

Transient Stabilizer and Vcutoff

+

+

Σ

STMINV

STMAXV

Input 1

Input 2

W1

W1

sT1+sT 6

11+sT

W2

W2

sT1+sT

W3

W3

sT1+sT

S2

7

K1+sT

W4

W4

sT1+sT

S3K

N

8M

9

1+sT(1+sT )

+

−S1K 1

2

1+sT1+sT

3

4

1+sT1+sT

STV

Model supported by PSLF

S4K

Σ

7 81 2 3

4 5 6

19

KV

TΔV >Vcutoff

Sw1

01

0 d1

11+sT

d2

d2

sT1+sT

ΣVcutoff

tlV

0

0≤+

+

T T0 TΔV =V -V

20

9 18−

1 - WOTW1 11 - RampFilter32 - WOTW2 12 - RampFilter43 - Transducer1 13 - RampFilter54 - WOTW3 14 - RampFilter65 - WOTW4 15 - RampFilter76 - Transducer2 16 - RampFilter87 - LL1 17 - RampFilter98 - LL2 18

States

- RampFilter109 - RampFilter1 19 - TransducerTEB10 - RampFilter2 20 - WOTEB

Stabilizer PSSSH

Stabilizer PSSSH Model for Siemens “H Infinity” Stabilizer

Model supported by PSLF

Vsmax

Pe

-

Vs Vsmin

States: 1 – Pe 2 – Int1 3 – Int2 4 – Int3 5 – Int4

+

11 + 𝑠𝑇𝑑

K0 K1

1𝑠𝑇1

3

2 3

3 3

4 3

5

3

1

- 1𝑠𝑇2

1𝑠𝑇3

1𝑠𝑇4

K2 K3

� � �

K4

� � �

K

+ +

+ +

+ +

+ +

+ +

+ +

+ +

Stabilizer PTIST1

Stabilizer PTIST1 PTI Microprocessor-Based Stabilizer

Δω 1 3

2 4

K(1+sT )(1+sT )(1+sT )(1 sT )+

+− Σ π

F

Ms1+sT

+

+

−Σ

P

11+sT

MP' TapSelection

Table

tE

eP on machine MVA base

1

Model supported by PSSE but not yet implemented in Simulator

STV

Stabilizer PTIST3

Stabilizer PTIST3 PTI Microprocessor-Based Stabilizer

Δω 1 3

2 4

K(1+sT )(1+sT )(1+sT )(1 sT )+

+− Σ π

F

Ms1+sT

+

+

Σ+

Σ

P

11+sT

MP'

TapSelection

Table

tE

eP on machine MVA base

1

5

6

1+sT1+sT

AveragingFunction

2 20 1 2 3 4 5

2 20 1 2 3 4 5

(A +A s+A s )(A +A s+A s )(B +B s+B s )(B +B s+B s )

LimitFunction

DL−

DL

AL−

AL

Switch 0=

Switch 1=

Model supported by PSSE but not yet implemented in Simulator

STV

Stabilizer ST2CUT

Stabilizer ST2CUT Stabilizing Model with Dual-Input Signals

+

1

1

K1+sT

2

2

K1+sT

3

4

sT1+sT

7

8

1+sT1+sT

SMAXLS SS CU TO T CL TO

S T TO CL

S CT TO CU

V = V if (V +V >V >V +V )V = 0 if (V < V +V )V = 0 if (V > V +V )

5

6

1+sT1+sT

SSV

Output Limiter

Input Signal #1

Input Signal #2

9

10

1+sT1+sT

SMINL

TO

T

V = initial terminal voltageV = terminal voltage

Model supported by PSSE

STV

1

2

3 4 5 6

1 - Transducer12 - Transducer23 - Washout4 - LL15 - LL26 - Unlimited Signal

States

Stabilizer STAB1

Stabilizer STAB1 Speed-Sensitive Stabilizing Model

Ks1+sT

1

3

1+sT1+sT

2

4

1+sT1+sTSpeed (pu)

LIM-H

LIMH

Model supported by PSSE

STV1 2 3

1 - Washout2 - Lead-lag 13 - Lead-lag 2

States

Stabilizer STAB2A

Stabilizer STAB2A Power-Sensitive Stabilizing Unit

3

2 2

2

K sT1+sT

3

3

K1+sT

eP on machine MVA base

LIM-H

LIMH+

4K

2

5

5

K1+sT

Model supported by PSSE

STV

4

1 3− 5 6−

3

1 - Input State 12 - Input State 23 - Input State 34 - T5 - Output State 16 - Output State 2

States

Stabilizer STAB3

Stabilizer STAB3 Power-Sensitive Stabilizing Unit

eP on machine MVA base

LIM-V

LIMV−

+ Σ X1

11+sT

X

X2

-sK1+sTt

11+sT

refP

Model supported by PSSE

STV1 2 3

t

X1

1 - Int T2 - Int T3 - Unlimited Signal

States

Stabilizer STAB4

Stabilizer STAB4 Power-Sensitive Stabilizer

eP on machine MVA base

L1

L2−

+Σ X

X2

sK1+sT

a

X1

1+sT1+sTt

11+sT

refP

b

c

1+sT1+sT d

11+sT e

11+sT

Model supported by PSSE

STV1

2 3 4 5 6

d

1 - Input2 - Reset3 - LL14 - LL25 - T6 - Unlimited Signal

States

Stabilizer STBSVC

Stabilizer STBSVC WECC Supplementary Signal for Static var Compensator

Input Signal #1

Input Signal #2

S1

S7

K1+sT

S3K+

+Σ S13

S14

sT1+sT

SCS-V

SCSV

S3K

S2

S10

K1+sT

S11

S12

1+sT1+sT

S8

S9

1+sT1+sT

Model supported by PSSE

STV

1 2

3 4

5

1 - Transducer12 - LL13 - Transducer24 - LL25 - Washout

States

Stabilizer WSCCST

Stabilizer WSCCST WSCC Power System Stabilizer

+

qv

qv

K1+sT

T0V

signal j

speed 1accpw 2freq 3

− − − − − −

SMAXV

SLOWV

+

Model supported by PSLFBlocks in gray have not been implemented in Simulator

q

q

sT1+sT

'q2

q2

1+sT1+sT

'q1

q1

1+sT1+sT

'q3

q3

1+sT1+sT

TVΣ+−

1

11+sT

2

2

sT1+sT qsK+f(U)

k

+

'Vs

qs

11+sT

3

3

sT1+sT 4

s1+sT

tK−

+

Σ Σ

ΣU

1

2

3 4 5 6

KV

Sw1

01

0

d1

11+sT

d2

d2

sT1+sT

tlV

SV

TΔV >Vcutoff

ΣVcutoff

0

0≤+

+

T T0 TΔV =V -V

1 - Transducer12 - Transducer23 - WashoutTq4 - LL15 - LL26 - LL3

States

Stabilizer WT12A1 and WT1P

Stabilizer WT12A1 and WT1P Pseudo Governor Model for Type 1 and Type 2 Wind Turbines

Speed

genP

2

11+sT

−+Σ

1s

MINPI

MAXPI

IK

PE

11+sT

1

11+sT

II

1WT12A1 supported by PSSE with K =T

WT1P supported by PSLF

12

3 4

gen

I

1

mech

1 - P

2 - K3 - T4 - P

States

refω

droopKΣ

Σ

PK

refP

mechP+

+

−+

+

Stabilizer WT1P and WT12A1

WT1P is the same as WT12A1. See WT12A documentation

Stabilizer WT2P

Stabilizer Model WT2P

Model supported by PSLF

Σ

refω

Σ

Σ

+

+

ω Kw

Kdroop

+

Pgen

Pref

11 + 𝑠𝑇𝑝𝑒

𝐾𝑝 + 𝐾𝑖𝑠

1

1 + 𝑠𝑇1

11 + 𝑠𝑇2

Pmech (sent to WT2T model)

MINPI

MAXPI

Stabilizer WT3P and WT3P1

Stabilizer WT3P and WT3P1 Pitch Control Model for Type 3 Wind Generator

ORDP

MAX-RTheta

MAXRTheta

P

1sT

P PI MAX MAX MIN MIN MAX RATE

WT3P supported by PSLF T =T , Theta =PI , Theta =PI , and RTheta PI

WT3P1 supported by PSSE with no non-windup limits on pitch control=

12

3

1 - Pitch2 - PitchControl3 - PitchComp

States

refω

Σ

Σ

setP

Pitch

+

+

ω IPPP

KK +s

ICPC

KK +s

Σ

MAXTheta

MINTheta

MAXTheta

MINTheta

0

− −

+ +

Switched Shunt CAPRELAY

Switched Shunt CAPRELAY

Rem Bus Remote Bus Tfilter Voltage filter time constant in sec. tbClose Circuit breaker closing time for switching shunt ON in sec. tbOpen Circuit breaker closing time for switching shunt OFF in sec. V1On First voltage threshold for switching shunt capacitor ON in sec. T1On First time delay for switching shunt capacitor ON in sec. V2On Second voltage threshold for switching shunt capacitor ON in sec. T2On Second time delay for switching shunt capacitor ON in sec. V1Off First voltage threshold for switching shunt capacitor OFF in sec. T1Off First time delay for switching shunt capacitor OFF in sec. V2Off Second voltage threshold for switching shunt capacitor OFF in sec. T2Off Second time delay for switching shunt capacitor OFF in sec.

Switched Shunt CSSCST

Static Var System Model CSSCST

Model supported by PSLF

See CSVGN1, CSVGN3 and CSVGN4 for more information.

Switched Shunt FACRI_SS

Fast AC Reactive Insertion for Switched Shunts (FACRI_SS) uv1 Switching Group 1 under voltage level 1 (pu) uv2 Switching Group 1 under voltage level 2 (pu) uv1td Switching Group 1 time delay level 1 (sec) uv2td Switching Group 1 time delay level 2 (sec) inttd Switching Group 1 first switch time delay, initial time delay (sec) uv3 Voltage at terminal bus that triggers Switching Group 2 switching logic (pu) uv4 Switching Group 2 under voltage low level (pu) uv5 Switching Group 2 under voltage high level (pu) td1 Switching Group 2 time delay for loop 1 (sec) td2 Switching Group 2 time delay for loop 2 (sec) td3 Switching Group 2 time delay for loop 3 (sec) td4 Switching Group 2 time delay for loop checks (sec) td5 Duration of time that conditions are checked Monitored Bus b while in each loop (sec) Extra Object 1 Capacitor 1 – Switching Group 1 Extra Object 2 Capacitor 2 – Switching Group 1 Extra Object 3 Reactor 1 – Switching Group 1 Extra Object 4 Reactor 2 – Switching Group 1 Extra Object 5 Reactor 3 – Switching Group 1 Extra Object 6 Capacitor a1 – Switching Group 1 Extra Object 7 Capacitor a2 – Switching Group 1 Extra Object 8 Reactor a1 – Switching Group 1 Extra Object 9 Monitored Bus b – Switching Group 2 Extra Object 10 Reactor b1 – Switching Group 2 Extra Object 11 Capacitor b1 – Switching Group 2 Extra Object 12 Capacitor b2 – Switching Group 2

Switched Shunt FACRI_SS

Fast AC Reactive Insertion for Switched Shunts (FACRI_SS)

The following pseudo code describes how the inputs are used to determine switched shunt operation: Switching Group 1 Switching Logic Each time that voltage and time delay conditions are met for Switching Group 1, the reactors and capacitors are checked in the following order until a device is found that can be switched. Reactors are tripped and capacitors are closed. Only one device is switched each time switching is required.

(1) Reactor 1 (2) Reactor a1 (3) Reactor 2 (4) Reactor 3 (5) Capacitor 1 (6) Capacitor a1 (7) Capacitor 2 (8) Capacitor a2

Switching Group 2 Switching Logic Each time that voltage and time delay conditions are met for Switching Group 2, if the reactor is online it will be tripped first before any capacitor switching. Depending on voltage conditions, capacitors may or may not be turned on. When capacitors are switched, they are checked in the following order until a device is found that can be switched. Only one capacitor is switched each time switching is required.

(1) Capacitor b1 (2) Capacitor b2

If (Reactor online) Then Begin Trip Reactor If (VoltMeasBusb <= uv4) Then Begin Do capacitor switching End

End Else If (not Reactor online) Then Begin

If (VoltMeasBusb <= uv4) or (VoltMeasBusb <= uv5) Then Begin Do capacitor switching End

End Continued on next page

Switched Shunt FACRI_SS

Fast AC Reactive Insertion for Switched Shunts (FACRI_SS)

Continued from previous page Initialization at the start of transient stability run FirstSwitchComplete = False Initialize Switching Group 2 Loop Trackers Operations performed at each time step VoltMeas = Voltage at the terminal bus of the switched shunt to which this model is assigned // If voltage falls below specified thresholds, timers are started to record how long the voltages remain below these thresholds. // The specific timer pseudo code is not shown here. If (not FirstSwitchComplete) and ( (VoltMeas < uv1 for inttd) or (VoltMeas < uv2 for inttd)) Then Begin

Check Group 1 Switching FirstSwitchComplete = True

End If (FirstSwitchComplete) Then Begin

If (VoltMeas < uv1 for uv1td) Then Begin

Check Group 1 Switching Reset Group 1 Timer

End If (VoltMeas < uv2 for uv2td) Then Begin

Check Group 1 Switching Reset Group 1 Timer

End End If (VoltMeas > uv1) Then Begin

Reset Group 1 Timers FirstSwitchComplete = False

End Continued on next page

Switched Shunt FACRI_SS

Fast AC Reactive Insertion for Switched Shunts (FACRI_SS)

Continued from previous page // The condition of VoltMeas < uv3 triggers the checking of voltages at Monitored Bus b. This latches on for the duration specified by // td4. The specific timer pseudo code is not shown here, but Group2Timer will be used to keep track of this. VoltMeasBusb = Voltage at Monitored Bus b If (VoltMeas < uv3) and (Group2Timer < td4) Then Begin

If (Group2Timer > td1) and (not Group2Loop1Done) Then Begin Check Group 2 Switching Group2Loop1Done = True // Continue doing Check Group 2 Switching for td5 until some switching done End If (Group2Timer > td2) and (not Group2Loop2Done) Then Begin Check Group 2 Switching Group2Loop2Done = True // Continue doing Check Group 2 Switching for td5 until some switching done End If (Group2Timer > td3) and (not Group2Loop3Done) Then Begin Check Group 2 Switching Group2Loop3Done = True // Continue doing Check Group 2 Switching for td5 until some switching done End

End Else If (Group2Timer > td4) Then Begin

Reset Group 2 Timers Reset Group 2 Loop Trackers

End

Switched Shunt MSC1

Static Var System Model MSC1

Model supported by PSLF

Tin1 Time 1 for Switching in (sec.) Vmin1 Voltage lower limit 1 (p.u.) Tout1 Time 1 for Switching out (sec.) Vmax1 Voltage upper limit 1 (p.u.) Tin2 Time 1 for Switching in (sec.) Vmin2 Voltage lower limit 1 (p.u.) Tout2 Time 1 for Switching out (sec.) Vmax2 Voltage upper limit 1 (p.u.) Tlck Lock out time (sec.)

Switched Shunt SVSMO1

�⬚

Static Var System Model SVSMO1

Model supported by PSLF

�⬚

+

+

-

ISVC

�⬚

Vbus

�⬚ Vr

+

+

+

π

𝐾𝑝𝑝𝐾𝑖𝑝𝑠

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑐1

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑏1

Bref Control Logic

Linear or Non-Linear Slope Logic

11 + 𝑠𝑇2

MSS1

Vemax Bsvc (p.u.)

Bref

Vrmax

Vrmin

Berr BSVC(MVAr)

B

Vsched

Vcomp -

+

Vsig

Vref

Vrefmin

Vrefmax

SVC over and under voltage tripping function

Vemin

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑐2

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑏2 𝐾𝑝𝑝

𝐾𝑖𝑝𝑠

Bmax

Bmin

Deadband Control (Optional)

MSS Switching Logic Based on B

MSS8

Over Voltage Strategy, Under Voltage Strategy and Short-Term Rating

11 2 3

14

5

States: 1 – Vbus Sensed 2 – Regulated B PI 3 – PI Delay 4 – Regulated Slow B PI 5 – Verr LL

Switched Shunt SVSMO2

�⬚

Static Var System Model SVSMO2

Model supported by PSLF

�⬚

+

+

-

ISVC

�⬚

Vbus

�⬚ Vr

+

+

+

π

𝐾𝑝𝑝𝐾𝑖𝑝𝑠

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑐1

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑏1

Bref Control Logic

Linear or Non-Linear Slope Logic

11 + 𝑠𝑇2

MSS1

Vemax Bsvc (p.u.)

Bref

Vrmax

Vrmin

Berr BSVC(MVAr)

B

Vsched

Vcomp -

+

Vsig

Vref

Vrefmin

Vrefmax

SVC over and under voltage tripping function

Vemin

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑐2

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑏2 𝐾𝑝𝑝

𝐾𝑖𝑝𝑠

Bmax

Bmin

MSS Switching Logic Based on B

MSS8

Over Voltage Strategy, Under Voltage Strategy and Short-Term Rating

11 2 33

14

5

States: 1 – Vbus Sensed 2 – Regulated B PI 3 – PI Delay 4 – Regulated Slow B PI 5 – Verr LL

Look-up Table dbe

-dbe dbe

-dbe

Switched Shunt SVSMO3

�⬚

Static Var System Model SVSMO3

Model supported by PSLF

�⬚

+

+

-

Vsig

�⬚

Vbus

Vr

+ + 𝐾𝑝𝑝𝐾𝑖𝑝𝑠

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑐1

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑏1

dbd Logic

11 + 𝑠𝑇2

MSS1

Vemax It (p.u.)

Bref

Vrmax

Vrmin

flag1 = 1

(close)

flag1 = 0

(open)

Vsched

-

-

flag2

Vref

Vrefmin

Vrefmax

STATCOM over and under voltage tripping function

Vemin

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑐2

1 + 𝑠𝑇𝑏2 𝐾𝑝𝑝

𝐾𝑖𝑝𝑠

Imax

Imin

MSS Switching Logic Based on Q

MSS8

I2t Limit

1 2 3

14

5

States: 1 – Vbus Sensed 2 – Regulated I PI 3 – PI Delay 4 – Regulated Slow Control PI 5 – Verr LL

flag1 = 0

flag1 = 1

0

dbd > 0: open

dbd = 0: close

dbd > 0: open

dbd = 0: close 𝑋𝑐 = �

𝑋𝑐1 𝑖𝑖 𝑉𝑉 ≥ 𝑉1 𝑋𝑐2 𝑖𝑖 𝑉2 < 𝑉𝑉 < 𝑉1𝑋𝑐3 𝑖𝑖 𝑉𝑉 ≤ 𝑉2

Xco 0

1

-Idbd

Idbd

+ +

Switched Shunt SWSHNT

Switched Shunt SWSHNT

Ib Remote Bus NS Total number of switches allowed VIN High voltage limit PT Pickup time for high voltage in sec. ST Switch time to close if reactor or switch time to open if capacitor in sec. VIN Low voltage limit PT Pickup time for low voltage in sec. ST Switch time to close if reactor or switch time to open if capacitor in sec.

Model supported by PSEE