Blackbody radiation:

Monochromatic irradiance of radiation emitted by a blackbody at (absolute) temperature T is given by:

=

When C2 = 3.74 x 10-16Wm2

C2 = 1.44 x 10-2 mok

Blackbody radiation is isotopic

Eλ C1 λ-5 e(-C2/λT)

λm =

λE

−

12

5

1

TC

e

C

λλ

≅

T2897

Weins Displacement Law

The Maximum wavelength of emission of the Sun is 0.475 µm (475 nm)

What is the “color temperature” of the sun?

----------Integrating the Planck blackbody irradiance over all wavelengths

E* =σT4

σ is the Stefan – Boltzman constant

5.67 x 10-8wm-2degree-4

Solar radiation

Let So be solar irradiance incident on Earth (=1380 wm-2)-the solar “constant”, Re is the radius of Earth, is alkedo.

At equilibrium, Incoming = Outgoing(1- ) So Re

2 = E 4 Re2

E = So/4 (1- )____________

σT4 = ¼ So (1- ) =key radiant Eqn for climate

∝

∝

ΠΠ

∴

∝

∝

Planetary radiation

Rhodophyta

Glauco-cystophytaCyanophora

ChlorophytaEuglenophyta

Euglena

CryptophytaGuillardia

BacillariophytaOdontella

atpIcemAminDodpB

accAaccBargB bas1carA clpCcpcGcpeAcpeBdnaBdfrdsbDfabHfdxftrBftsH

acpPapcAapcBapcDapcEapcFatpDatpGcpcAcpcBdnaKgroELhisHpetFpetMpreApsaEpsaF

cysAcysTftsWinfAminDndhA-IndhKPorphyra

Cyanidium

clpPftsW psbMrbcLg

chlNcpcAcpcBcpcGdfrglnBgltBhisHinfCnblA

cemAcpeBftrBilvBilvHinfBminDpbsApsaKrnetsf

thiGbas1

accAaccBaccDapcAapcBapcDapcEapcFargBcarA

glnBgltBilvBilvHinfBinfCmoeBnblAntcAodpApbsApetJpgmApsaDpsaKpsaLrbcLr

accDccsAcemAchlBchlLchlNclpP

chlBchlLcpeAdsbDfabHfdxmoeB

ndhJ odpBrpl33rps15rps16

Ancestralphotosynthetic

prokaryote

> 90% of genes lost

ntcAodpAodpBpetJpreArpl28trpAtrpGtrxA

Streptophyta

Secondary endosymbiosis

psbVpsbWpsbXrbcRrpl1rpl3rpl6 rpl11 rpl18rpl28rpl34rpl35rps5rps6rps10rps13rps17rps20secYtrpG

rnerpl23rpl32

Mesostigma

NephroselmisChlorella psbM

petApetDpetLpsaIrnerpl19rpoA

Secondary endosymbiosis

Primary endosymbiosis

bas1 cpeBinfBminDpbsApsbXrps20

hisHminD

accD

rpl22

psaM

rbcSr rpl4rpl9rpl13rpl24rpl27rpl29rpl31rps1secAsyfBsyhthiGtrpAtrxAtsfupp

chlIftsWminDodpBrnerpl5rpl12rpl19rps9tufA

rpl21

ftsW ndhA-IndhK

pgmArpl9rps1syfBsyhupp

cystAcystT infAndhA-Krps15 bioY

crtEgroEShemAmntAmntBnadArbcSg

Marchantia

Pinus

Nicotiana

ZeaOryza

cysA, cysTrpl21, ndhA-K

accD

rps16

cysA, cysT, rpl21chlB,L,N, psaM