Bios city report ( ENBE )


Content:

1. Introduction 2. A City 3. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient and old cities 4. Investigation & Data Collection: The present city/cities 5. Investigation & Data Collection: The future city/cities 6. Case study on the selected type of the future city 7. The New “X” City / Or the new name 8. The Conclusion 9. Progress10. References list



1.Introduction

In this Element of Natural and Built Environment (ENBE) final project, I have to pretend that I am the mayor and my city is no longer livable. Thus, I have to propose a new city plan that is sustainable for living. This project consists of individual part and group work part. The individual part is to produce a report and video presentation. The group work part is to present a city model. We can choose to build our city in underground, in underwater, float on water, float on air or on land next to a river or sea.

For this project, we have to describe and know the different characteristics of the natural and built environment by exploring the basic elements such as natural topography, landscape, space, building and infrastructure. We will understand the component and elements of a city and what makes a better future city which is related to this subject.



2.The City

DEFINITION OF CITY

City represents civilization and human achievement. Cities are big places with lots of people, while the functional definition flows from the notion that cities have an impact on their surroundings.

According to Oxford Dictionary, city is a large and important town, usually containing a cathedral. Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation, utilities, land usage, housing, and transportation. The concentration of development greatly facilitates interaction between people and businesses, benefiting both parties in the process.

Picture from http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/city


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanitation


2.The CityBRIEF HISTORY

Early cities Ancient World In the Neolithic Period 9000- 3000 BC, human achieved relatively

fixed settlement, but for perhaps 5000 years such living was confined to

the semi permanent peasant village. The evolution of the Neolithic into a city took at least 1500 years. Early humans led a nomadic existence, relying on hunting and gathering for sustenance. Between 8,000 and 10,000 years ago, systematic cultivation of plants and the

domestication of animals allowed for more permanent settlements.

Medieval and early modern era Early medieval society was a formation of camp and countryside.

With Germanic variations on late Roman forms, communities were

restricted into functional estates, owned formal obligations, immunities and authority. After that the initiatives fostered a new era of increased tillage, manufacturing, scholarship, growth of rural population. Industrialization and the modern world Before 1800, innovations in agricultural and manufacturing

techniques had permitted a singular concentration of productive activity in

water and coal. In the century after 1850, world population of people living

in cities more than 5000. The rate of increase in Asia being 3 times that

in Europe and United States.



2.The City

WHAT MAKES A CITY


People-Populations that exceed 100, 000 peopleHousing, food

and water-Basic needs of human

Electricity-for buildings and street

Schools-to get education

Government, business and commercial area

Transportation-Get from one place to another

A city consist of a variety of infrastructure, facilities, etc…


2.The City

WHAT MAKES A GOOD CITY


Provide different type of facilities,

infrastructure, transportation and also a good politic.

People will not suffer because of the shortage of resource.

A safe water supply and sanitation system

A steady economy growthWalkability

Provide different type of facilities,

infrastructure, transportation and also a good politic.

Good planning in waster disposal

Use renewable energy as power resources

Good citiy


2.The CityWHAT IS A FUTURE CITY


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The future city is a city that is much more better, liveable and sustainable compare to the present city. Besides, the future city also have new technologies in IT, farming or science



Picture from



http://thumbnails.visually.netdna-cdn.com/WhatWillTheCityOfTheFutureLookLike_531611b46d424_w1500.jpg

3.Investigation & Data Collection

Ancient City- AtlantisHistory

Plato’s theory on AtlantisThe source of the great legend stems from an account written by

Plato in Critias and Timaeus .“Now in the island of Atlantis there was a great and wonderful empire which had ruled over the whole island and several others, and over parts of the continent…But there occurred violent earthquakes and floods, and in a single day and night of misfortune…the island of Atlantis…disappeared in the depths of the sea”

The Poseidon TheoryOver 11000 years ago in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean there

was an island inhabitated by great and wealthy people. Then greed started to take over them and they were obsessed with money. Poseidon got mad at them for being obsessed with money. So he made the ocean cover the city of Atlantis and it was gone with the sea. info from the book Unsolves Mysteries Atlantis

OthersThe most believable theory about Atlantis came from the Greek

archaeologist Angelos Galanopoulos in the late '60s. He theorized that around 1500 BCE, a massive eruption from a volcano ripped apart the island of Santorini in the Mediterranean and probably wiped out most of the civilization on the Greek islands and regions of Greece. He reasons that when the story was being translated, the Egyptian symbol for 100 (a coiled rope) was mistaken for the symbol for 1000 (a lotus flower). This changes the date from 9000 years ago to 900 years ago. The only thing wrong with this explanation is that Plato specifically said the city was near the Pillars of Hercules, which are thought to be nowhere near Greece.

The exact location of the lost city of Atlantis has been questioned by many people. British Royal Air Force photo interpreter J.M. Allen convinced Atlantis is in Altiplano, near the Andes Mountains, in



Bolivia. The famous psychic channeler Edgar Cayce believed the remains would be found off the coast of Florida near Bimini Island. Other people think it's lost somewhere in Central America, the China Sea or Africa.


Ancient City- Atlantis

Plato describes the Atlantians as great engineers and architects. There were palaces, harbors, temples and docks. The capital city was built on a hill and surrounded by rings of water, which were joined by tunnels large enough for a ship to sail through.

A huge canal connected the outer rings of water to the ocean. On the outskirts of the capital city there were huge fields where farmers grew the city's food. Past the field there were mountains where wealthy villagers lived.

Plato goes great detail about the amazing buildings - complete with hot and cold fountains, shared dining halls and stone walls covered with precious metals.

According to Plato, the island of Atlantis was at the top of an underwater volcano and shaped like a doughnut and that is where king built his temple.




GEOMETRIC SHAPE OF ATLANTIS





ZONING OF ATLANTIS

The centre of the city is the main building of city example the temple and the royal place. The outer part is mostly for the military and security area example the military land ring, military harbor, racetrack and center of military power of Atlantis with training and warship building facilities.





There is not much information of Atlantis except the physical shape. But others information can get from the cartoon series, Atlantis The Lost Empire and Atlantis Milo’s Return.

The people there obey the king. The Atlanteans can speak other languages as theirs was the root source. They have high technologies and everything there depends on the magic crystal. The crystal is found in reality.

“Pyramid explored by Dr. Ray Brown on the sea floor off the Bahamas in 1970. Brown was accompanied by 4 divers who also found roads, domes, rectangular buildings, unidentified metallic instruments, and a statue holding a "mysterious" crystal containing miniature pyramids. The metal devices and crystals were taken to Florida for analysis at a university there. What was discovered was that the crystal amplified energy that passed through it. Brown interviewed by M.I.N.D.”




Ancient City- AtlantisThe transportation there depends on the crystal too. The

transportation there is like a motorbike which is in FISH shape but it FLIES in the sky. But mostly the Atlanteans walk in the city.

The city knows how to defense itself. The defense system in Atlantis is special. Whenever the city meets dangerous, the rock will form into a big size rock robot and give out the power to cover the whole Atlantis in a hemisphere thin layer. The thin layer will avoid the citizen from dangerous.





ConclusionThe ancient city Atlantis is a well-planned city. Especially for

every ring of Atlantis, it is covered by strong material like bronze and tin. The geometric shape also allowed the ship easy to access. The basic infrastructure also provided for the people.

Elements used for my future city One of the key elements I would like to extract from Atlantis is

the concept of city that can protect and defense itself. Defense system is important as it avoid a city to be destroyed and make a city livable. The defense system also must be well-planned as it will affect the whole structure of city. The military system in Atlantis is also a good example. The whole city is surrounded by military land ring which is considered as a great defense system too.




Present City- Venice

HistoryAccording to the tradition, Venice was founded in 421 AD on April

25th, Saint Mark’s day, who is the patron saint of Venice. During the Romanic period Venice was not the name of the city we know now but it was the name given to the northern region of Italy. It was just after the fall of the Empire and the arriving of the Long bards that the name started to be used in indicating the settlements that born in a group of small islands in the lagoon.

Tradition and the available evidence have led several historians to agree that the original population of Venice consisted of refugees from Roman cities near Venice such as Padua, Aquileia, Treviso, Altino and Concordia (modern Portogruaro) and from the undefended countryside, who were fleeing successive waves of Germanic and Hun invasions. Some late Roman sources reveal the existence of fishermen on the islands in the original marshy lagoons. They were referred to as incolae lacunae ("lagoon dwellers"). The traditional founding is identified with the dedication of the first church, that of San Giacomo at the islet of Rialto (Rivoalto, "High Shore"), which is said to have been at the stroke of noon on 25 March 421.

For nearly 1400 years, the two or three miles of shallow water separating Venice from mainland Italy, had protected and isolated Venice from invaders and from the Italian political life.

Picture from http://www.hotelaidomori.com/2/short_history_of_venice_1197027.html


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rialto

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Giacomo_di_Rialto

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huns

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germanic_peoples

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portogruaro

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altinum

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treviso

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquileia

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padua




The City That is SinkingDuring the 20th century, when many artesian wells were dug into

the periphery of the lagoon to draw water for local industry, Venice began to sink. It was realized that extraction of water from the aquifer was the cause. The sinking has slowed markedly since artesian wells were banned in the 1960s.

However, the city is still threatened by more frequent low-level floods (called Acqua alta, "high water") that creep to a height of several centimeters over its quays, regularly following certain tides. In many old houses, the former staircases used to unload goods are now flooded, rendering the former ground floor uninhabitable.

Two factors are exacerbating the flooding risk to the city: global sea level rise and subsidence. In short, sea is rising and the city is sinking. Like other cities built on river deltas, the sediment beneath the city is compacting over time. In a natural setting, this compaction would be offset by the deposition of fresh sediment at the surface, but the rivers feeding the lagoon were diverted in the 1500s. As a result, the land surface is sinking, and the salt marshes are suffering for it.



Picture from http://kristinelmingblog.net/megacities-contend-with-sinking-land/





Geometric ShapeVenice captured the impression of a magical floating city by setting word pilings on the 118 submerged islands in the Northern end of the Adriatic Sea. It is easy accessible to the local populace because of the 400 footbridges and 170 boat canals that connecting the city. Venice is formed with cluster of island. The main island are independent settlement. But have some characteristic in common. A church, A square, one or more rainwater collection well, at least one canal at the edge of square.

tians built their city in a vPeople, culture and religionPeople from Venice are called "Venetians“. The Kingdom of Italy adopted Italian as official language. Venetians, similarly to several other regional communities, largely rejected that and continued to use their own Venetian language.

Population in venice:





ZoningThe venetians built their city in a very special environment, a lagoon with land emerging from the shallow waters. Since its very origin, they made every effort to make this difficult terrian inhabitable: they “built” the ground itself.





Boat as the main transportationThe main transportation in Venice are boat, gondola and walking.

Waterbuses (vaporetti) which ply regular routes along the Grand Canal and between the city's islands. The only gondola still in common use by Venetians are the traghetti, foot passenger ferries crossing the Grand Canal at certain points without bridges. Besides, water taxis are also active in Venice.

Venice sewer systemSince they did not have groundwater, they designed an efficient system to collect fresh water; they created a functional sewer system.





ConclusionVenice is unique because it is the only floating city with many floods all year round. Venetian houses changed over the years to meet the needs of this special "streetless" city. It is also unique because it form by cluster of island and the transportation system in Venice is mostly by transportation on water.

Elements used for my future cityCars which pollute the air and use non-renewable energy( fossil fuel ) is not used in Venice. The city is walk ability, and the people there mostly used boat as their transportation, this make Venice more sustainable. A transportation that makes zero pollution should be considered in my city.




Future City- Sub-biosphere 2

HistoryOne London-based designer named Phil Pauley has been working

for the past two decades to design and develop a full city concept which will be located underwater. That's where one London-based designer named Phil Pauley comes in. He has been working for the past two decades to design and develop a full city which will be located underwater.

Called Sub-Biosphere 2, it is basically a string of structures that are self-sustainable. The project will be able to provide shelter for about 100 people. With overpopulation and rapidly decreasing available land space, innovative ideas are needed for exploring where and how we'll live in the future.

Geometric ShapeEverything is connected by a Central Support Biome. Eight

spherical Living Biomes are scattered around the central structure, forming a network of buildings. The purpose of the Central Support Biome is to monitor the life systems including electricity, food, water and air quality.

The remaining pods will be evenly split, 10 stories above and below the water. Every structure will be anchored to the sea floor.




Future City- Sub-biosphere 2

The underwater city will consist of a "central support biosphere" in the middle, an "observation pod" at 394 feet above the rest of the structure, and a bunch of dwelling pods housing individual eco systems.

Inside, such necessities as air, electricity, food, and water will be entirely taken care of, leaving no need to rely on provisions from the outside world.

Right now, the proposed design for Biosphere 2—inspired by the failed University of Arizona research facility of the same name—doesn't show many signs of coming to fruition.

Inside that biome, a seed bank will grow hydroponic crops to feed the residents. The nucleus of the buildings will reside forty stories above the ocean's surface while 20 additional stories will be situated underwater.





ConclusionThe Sub-biosphere 2 is plan for the sustainability to accommodate major new population growth without over development. The plan is an sustainability and livability. It is wise for a city that has good food distribution to the people. The comfortable and convenient livability are also good.

Elements used for my future cityThe Sub-biosphere have a biome which have a seed bank inside that will grow hydroponic crops to feed the residents. The agriculture area in my future city might used this technique so that the food distribution in my city is enough and efficient.



5.Case study on the selected type of the future city

Underwater CityAccording to Koblick, the technology already exists to create underwater colonies supporting up to 100 people – the few bunker-like habitats in operation today providing a blueprint. With safety being paramount, operators assure underwater habitats are running smoothly by monitoring life support systems – air composition, temperature and humidity – from the SURFACE. For now, energy independence is still a challenge. Sustainable future options might include harnessing wave action (wave power) or placing solar panels on the surface.


Problem that people faced living underwater

AirThe air composition needed to sustain the aquanauts depends upon the depth of the habitat. The current habitats use compressors to constantly push fresh air from the surface down tubes to the habitat. A chemical product called Sodas orb is added to react with, and therefore remove carbon dioxide. To become self-sustaining, future habitats could potentially grow plants using natural or artificial light to generate a fresh supply of oxygen, or develop other methods to produce their own oxygen. Residents of underwater habitats can explore and study their watery surroundings for long periods using hollow tubes connecting their face masks or helmets and their living quarters. As well as allowing them to breath at depth, these "hookah lines" also facilitate communication. Alternatively normal scuba tanks can be used, and exchanged every hour or so.

Air CompressionTo overcome the air compression problem that make people cant live

underwater, it can be solved by making larger habitats with multiple modules made of steel, glass and special cement used. Most likely, we wouldn’t want to build any deeper than 1,000ft (300m), because the pressures at such depths would require very thick walls and excessive periods of decompression for those returning to the surface.


5.Case study on the selected type of the future city


Problem that people face living underwater

TransportLike in an airplane, fumes seem stronger in static air. Aquarius transports freshwater from the surface, but water could be created using condensation or desalinization. Depending upon the size of the colony, human waste could be treated and released into the environment, or cooked down to a fine ash.

AirThe air composition needed to sustain the aquanauts depends upon the depth of the habitat. The current habitats use compressors to constantly push fresh air from the surface down tubes to the habitat. A chemical product called Sodas orb is added to react with, and therefore remove carbon dioxide. To become self-sustaining, future habitats could potentially grow plants using natural or artificial light to generate a fresh supply of oxygen, or develop other methods to produce their own oxygen. Residents of underwater habitats can explore and study their watery surroundings for long periods using hollow tubes connecting their face masks or helmets and their living quarters. As well as allowing them to breath at depth, these "hookah lines" also facilitate communication. Alternatively normal scuba tanks can be used, and exchanged every hour or so.

FoodFresh seafood is generally easy to come by on the bottom of the ocean. Aquanauts regularly spear fish and eat plankton, while canned, preserved and dehydrated foods stock the shelves. Cooking underwater, although possible, is usually avoided because of the smells it gives off.


6.The New “X” City -βίος“X” City – The City of Townsville

It was the year 2044; the city of Townsville and the people there were living well with rich natural resources surrounded the city reaches. It located in Malacca, Malaysia just beside Strait of Malacca with population of 150, 000 consisting various races of Malays, Chinese and Indians. The people mostly work on farming and fishing.

But everything changed when scientist notice that there are a lot of radioactive monster will be born around Malacca. As the mayor of City of Townsville, to prevent massive destruction by the monster, I have to propose the new City of Townsville which called βίος.

New “X” City – βίος

Why underwater?


Why underwate

r?

The city is easier to move in water compare to land as the land has limited places.

Easy to get water supply

The land will soon be conquer by monster


6.The New “X” City -βίοςNew “X” City – βίος

Important Characteristic and ElementsIt is called Βίος(Greek Word) because it means Life.

The City look like an octopus in 360 º

There is a big turbine that around the city that make it movable.



6.The New “X” City -βίοςNew “X” City – βίος

Sustainable Light Energy- Bioluminescence

The gene that makes Firefly’s Tail Glow has been added to

Mustard Plants. The Plants Glow and can be put in bulb to function the same as light bulb. The Mustard Plant is planted along the street as “Street Light”.

Special ZoningThe City is separated into four zone- Β zone(Base), ί

zone(Integration), ο zone(Output), ς zone(Superb).


Β zone

ί zone

ο zone

ς zone


6.The New “X” City -βίος

New “X” City – βίοςΒ zone - Base

This zoning is mostly for the type of building that support the economy. There are 4 levels in this zone.

Level 3 is the entrance of city. So there is a harbor. The tourism and hospitality is there because it is convenient for the tourist.

Level 2 is the commercial area, business area and services area. It is easy for the tourist to get here for shopping. There are shopping mall, movie theater, pharmacy, store and etc.


Harbor

Tourism

Hospitality

Services Area

Commercial Area

Business Area



New “X” City – βίοςΒ zone - Base

Level 1 is the place that most people pass by because there is a LRT station which LRT is the main transportation of the city. The education area is also here to convenient the student to go to school.

Ground Level is the community area and recreational area. It is here to prevent the distraction of other area. As these is the place for people to relax. There is an underwater garden in the middle of recreational area. It is an ideal place for family to visit during weekend.


Education Area

Business Area

LRT Station

Community AreaRecreational Area


The Underwater Garden


New “X” City – βίοςί zone - Integration

There are 3 different races in the city. They live harmony together. This zone is mainly for the residential area. All the resident live here. The religious area is here to convenient the resident to go to their temple or mosque. The water supply is here to provide water.

The mosque, Chinese temple, indian temple and church

ο zone(Output)My people need food and others to survive. This zone includes the

agriculture area, industrial area, cargo and forest. Agriculture areas provide most of the food for people. The industrial area have factory that process the food. Cargo which acts as import and export purpose is quite important for people basic needs. The import and export things are sent to the factory too. The forest is act as an air purifier and also supplies oxygen to the people.


Water supply

Religious AreaPublic Area

Residential Area

Agriculture Area



New “X” City – βίοςς zone – Superb

This zone is for the building that support the operation of city. The government area, military, research centre, police and hospital are here. There are 3 types of military, air force( Tentera Diraja Utara Malaysia), land-based(Tentera Darat Malaysia), and navy( Tentera Laut Diraja Malaysia). The security surrounded the Research Center to secure the secret.


Water supply

Industrial Area

Waste Management

Forest

Cargo

Land-based

Navy

Air Force

Research Center

Security

Government Building

Police

Hospital


βίος research center which is bigger Military Port with high technologies than La Chalupa(a big Research Center) of military




New “X” City – βίοςConclusion about βίος

Βίος is the place to be. It is a second chance for people to spend their life. It will not just solved the problem where people has lost their land due to the destruction of monster. It is an eco-friendly city with sustainable energy and p-provides loads of facilities and infrastructure for the citizen. It will save the mother earth from being harm again.

7.ConclusionAfter this assignment, I have learned that conserving and

preseriving the environment are really important. We harm the mother earth and the mother earth will harm us too.

Meanwhile, I have now understand the sentence which stated in the brief. “Every city will need to sustain itself. Just like any living creature, the city is unique and very alive. It grows, it populates, it requires food, it requires energy , it needs to move, it needs shelter, and it needs protection and a defense system, which are very similar to the natural environment.”

Every city is special. Every city planner should plan the city according to the needs and culture of people, not design it because you like it.



8.Reference Linksf

www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KWLrUcHfRA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBFsZ__SfVo http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSpwSRHf6XM http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/atlantida_mu/esp_atlantida_5a.htm http://listverse.com/2014/01/23/10-underwater-facilities-you-could-

actually-live-in/ http://www.integralcity.com/ http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/curiosity/topics/10-reasons-consider-

living-undersea.htm http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/7f63b412-1165-11e3-8321-

00144feabdc0.html#slide0 http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/aug/21/climate-change-

nile-flooding-farming http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice http://www.lonelyplanet.com/italy/venice/history http://www.veniceword.com/vehistory.html http://www.businessinsider.com/how-the-venice-sewer-system-works-

2012-11?IR=T& http://www.tripadvisor.com.my/ShowTopic-g187870-i57-k751169-

Venice_sewer_system_question-Venice_Veneto.html http://www.philpauley.com/concept_design/architectural/sub-biosphere-2/


http://www.philpauley.com/concept_design/architectural/sub-biosphere-2/

http://www.tripadvisor.com.my/ShowTopic-g187870-i57-k751169-Venice_sewer_system_question-Venice_Veneto.html

http://www.tripadvisor.com.my/ShowTopic-g187870-i57-k751169-Venice_sewer_system_question-Venice_Veneto.html

http://www.businessinsider.com/how-the-venice-sewer-system-works-2012-11?IR=T&

http://www.businessinsider.com/how-the-venice-sewer-system-works-2012-11?IR=T&

http://www.veniceword.com/vehistory.html

http://www.lonelyplanet.com/italy/venice/history

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venice

http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/aug/21/climate-change-nile-flooding-farming

http://www.theguardian.com/environment/2009/aug/21/climate-change-nile-flooding-farming

http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/7f63b412-1165-11e3-8321-00144feabdc0.html#slide0

http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/7f63b412-1165-11e3-8321-00144feabdc0.html#slide0

http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/curiosity/topics/10-reasons-consider-living-undersea.htm

http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/curiosity/topics/10-reasons-consider-living-undersea.htm

http://www.integralcity.com/

http://listverse.com/2014/01/23/10-underwater-facilities-you-could-actually-live-in/

http://listverse.com/2014/01/23/10-underwater-facilities-you-could-actually-live-in/

http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/atlantida_mu/esp_atlantida_5a.htm

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YSpwSRHf6XM

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qBFsZ__SfVo

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KWLrUcHfRA


http://www.designboom.com/architecture/sub-biosphere-2-is-a-self- sustainable-underwater-habitat-10-10-2013/

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-ifn6rr94I http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City http://www.thefreedictionary.com/city http://wideurbanworld.blogspot.com/2011/02/what-is-city-definitions-of-

urban.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioluminescence http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoning


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoning

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioluminescence

http://wideurbanworld.blogspot.com/2011/02/what-is-city-definitions-of-urban.html

http://wideurbanworld.blogspot.com/2011/02/what-is-city-definitions-of-urban.html

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/city

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v-ifn6rr94I

http://www.designboom.com/architecture/sub-biosphere-2-is-a-self-sustainable-underwater-habitat-10-10-2013/

http://www.designboom.com/architecture/sub-biosphere-2-is-a-self-sustainable-underwater-habitat-10-10-2013/

Bios city report ( ENBE )

Education

Transcript of Bios city report ( ENBE )