Biblio Marathonas

78
1 Η ΜΑΧΗ ΤΟΥ ΜΑΡΑΘΩΝΑ Ιστορία και Θρύλος

Transcript of Biblio Marathonas

1

2010 . 11 106 71 .: 210-36.92.272, fax: 210-36.92.180 e-mail: [email protected] http://foundation.parliament.gr

-

, ,

Iridion

Paskalidis Color Lab (), (), - (), . (plexiglass)

PEAK Publishing

ISBN 978-960-6757-26-6

E

, : , , -, , : The American School of Classical Studies at Athens - Athenian Agora Excavations Apeiron The British Museum, London National Museums Scotland Museum of Fine Arts, Boston New York Metropolitan Museum Muse du Louvre, Paris Museo della Citta, Brescia Staatliche Antikensammlungen, Mnchen 8 10 : genius loci :

48 50 74 92 96 120 140 144 149 155

. , , .

. , [ , / , / / / ]. John Stuart Mill ( 1846) , 1066 .. , , , , . , Marathon became a magic word. , . : 9.000 1.000 , , , 490 .. . 192 . , , , , , , .

. , , , , , , . . Herrmann Bengtson . , , , , , . . . . , , 10 , , . , .

, . 500 .. , , . . 1938.

490 .., , , , . , , . , , , . , , , .

:

, . , (), . , , 480 .. Edinburgh, The Royal Scottish Museum, . . 1887.213.

1.

, , . , , . 510 .. Paris, Muse du Louvre, . . 97-024173.12

, , . . , . . , . , , .

, , . . , , , , , , , . , . , . , (9 - 7 . ..). , , . , , . ( ) .

(, , ). , 1500 .., -

7 . .. . , . (. 640600 ..) . (Umakistar, 625-585 ..), , . 612 .., , . , 6 . .., , , , . (Hamadan).

, (Krosh) 559 .. 40 , , 25 (550-525 ..), . , : , , . . , , (Ituwigu), 550 .. ( 127-129, ABC 7 ii 3-4). , : , , . , . .

, , , . , , ( , ...). , 547 .., , , , , , . , ( 76-91). . . , . .

. (, , ..). , , , . , . : ; ( 153). , 546-540 .. . , , , ( ) . , .

(Apadana) , 6 - 5 . .. , .

: 6 . .. , . , , .14

15

, , , , . , , 539 .. 530 .. . , . , . , : , , , . . . , , ( 114-116. , ..). ( ) , .

, , . , , , : . , , . . , (Kambjiya 530-522 ..), . 526 .. , . (Psamtik) ( 1-67). , . , , . , 522 ..17

, -, , . , , . 510 .. Paris, Muse du Louvre, . . 97-012320.16

: (Drayavahush, 522-486 ..) , . , . , . , , . , , : (Behistun)

(Haxmani), , . , . . [] , , [] (DB 70). , . , , , . . 521 .., . , (, , , , , , , ), . , , , . , , , , , , . , . , ,

. . , . 98% 20 . , 5 . - 375 .. , , . . 6464.18

, . . , . . , . , , . , , , . , . , . , , (, 1312 12-14). , . 513 .., ( ) , 20

( 94). , . 517 .., () (, ). 513 .. . , . , . , , , , , . , , (499-494 ..). , , , , . , , , 492 .., ,

. , , . . 486 .. , . -

(Naqsh-i Rustam) . . . , , . (Parsa), .

(Apadana) , 6 - 5 . .. , .

21

, , . , , . 510 .. London, The British Museum, . . 1846.0512.2.22

. , , . . , , . . , , , , , . , , , .

, . , , . , , , : , . . , , . , . , , , , , (587-538 ..). .

, . , . ,

, , . , . : . , . , ( 12), ( 20) - 490 .. ( 119). , , , . , -

, . , . , . , , , . , . , . , . - , , , . , . , .

. - ( ) . . , , , . ( ), 6-5 . .. London, The British Museum, . . 1835,0630.1.

24

( ABC 7. ii. 17 ..). , , , . , (

, , , 1). , , . , , Remesuti ( ), , , , ( , SIG I3, 22). . (Ugbaru).

, , , . , , Uzahor-resenet . , .

, . , . (dabyva) , . , (Hiduya) (Sugda), (Yaun takabara) (Skudra) , (Arminiya) , (Kushiya) , . , , (Parsa), (Mda) , , (Uvjiya, ). ,

, . , 5-4 . .. London, The British Museum, . . 1897,1231.7.26

. , , , , , , , (Arabaya). , . , . 20 ( 89-97). . . (xaapvan, ). , , . , . , , , , . , , : ,

(559 ..) . , , , , , , , . , , . .28

. : ( , ) , , , ( ) , , . , . , , , , , , . , , , . , , , .

, . 10.000 10.000 . 1.000 , (hazrapati). , . . ( ). . , , , , . . . 480-479 .. ( 61-88). 29

. , . -

. , , , . , , . , , ( ), , , . , , . . ( 600 ) , . .

. , , . , . , , , . , , ( , , , , ..). : , , ( , , , ..), ( , ( 44. , 12, 4, 8), , - ) . , (darayka) , , , . -

. (databara) (datu), (ganzabara) . , , , . () ( 89).

, , . . , . , , , , . , (

), . , , , ( , ), , , , , (, , ) . , , . . . , : , (20-21 ). , . , , . . , .31

. , , . , . 30

(khvarn), , . . , , - (Ahuramazda, , ). , , . , , , . , . , , . . , (Zarathustra), , , , . . (Aa) (Arta) (Drug),

(aburas) (davas), , , : , . , , (mzdayasni) (zarathutri). , , (Khshayathiya Khshayathiyanam). , , , , . . , : . . . , . , . [] ; , : (DNa 3,4). , . , . . , , .

, 5 . .. Berlin, Antikensammlung, . . SMB VI 3156.32

, 7 . .. : . , . , , 640-630 .. , Villa Giulia ( Chigi), . . 22679.34

, . , . . , . . , , 6 . .., . , , .

2.

. - . , , , , .

, , . , , . , () 7 6 . .., . 35

- , 6 . .. , , , . , , , , . ( 550 ..),

. , , . 490 .. , , . . 3477.

. , , , , , , , , . , , , . ,

. (.. ) , . 6 . .., , . .

. , .

( ). , , . , . , . 6 . .. , . , ( ). ,

. , , , , , , , , . , ( ) . , . . , , . : .

36

37

.

. , . , , -. , , , , , . 7 6 . ..,

, , , . , .

, , , . , 6 . .. , , , , , : , , , , ,

. , ( ) , , , , . , , , , , , , . . , . , . , . , , . 6 . ..

, , , , , , . , , . , , : -, . , , . , , (, , , ), 582-573 .., , . , , , , , -, 7 . .. . , , , .39

38

, , , , , , .

, 8.000 , , -. , , o. , , . 500 .., . , . , 6 . .. ( ). , , , , , , . , . , (520-490 ..), . , , , . , , , .

510 .., . : . 508/7 .., ( ) (, 1-3. 66-73). , , (507 ..). , , , , , , . , . . , , . , ( 73, 2). : 41

, . -. , , . , , 7 . .. . , , , . , , , , , . , . , 28 ( ), , .

, , 500-490 .. , , . . 17305.40

, , . , , . , , . , , . , , , , , . , : , , , , , , , , , . . . 100 , , , , , . , .42

, , , , . , ( ) , . , , , . : - . , . . , () . , . , , , . . ( , , ), , ( ). , , . . , , , . . , , . , , , . , . , , , . . , -

() , (), 6 . .. . , (, ). , 520/10-480 .. , , 1910/11 105.

, , , . , , , . , . , , . (462 ..) , 43

, . , , .. . , 2 . .. Brescia, Museo della Citta.44

(458-429 ..), , , . . , . , , . , , . , . . , -, . . , . (507 ..), (506 ..). : .

, , . , (

: . .

, , , . : . , . . . , . , , . , . , , , . , , . , . , , , , , . . 45

. , , . .. , , . , . , , . , , , , 78). . 506 . . , 490 . ., , . , , . , , , , , . , , -

, , . , . 500 .. Mnich, Glyptothek.

547 .. 522 .. 517 .. 513 .. , 493 .. 492 .. 487 .. 508 /7 .. 507 .. 506 .. : . 497-496 .. 496 .. 494 .. 490 .. 491 .. : 482 .. , : , 489 .. : ( ) : 484 .. . (;) 483 482 .. 200 (;) : : 480 .. : , : 479 .. N 479-478 .. :

. 494 ..

481 .. :

510 .. :

487 486 .. 486 .. - . 485 ..

499-494 .. . 499 .. 498 .. 497 ..

( 490 ..), . A , . , , , , , , , . 5 , . , , . , , , , .

. , , , , . , , . 480-470 .. , , . . ME07527.

: . , (499-493 ..). , , , ; , , . : . , , . ( , , ), , . , , -

. , , . , , , . , , 600 , , , . , . , , , , . , , , , , , , , . , , ,

, , 6 . .. Paris, Muse du Louvre, . . 06-525773.52

. . , , . , . , Altamura, 470-460 .. London, The British Museum, . . 1961,0710.1 , , 430 .. Mnich, Museum Antiker Kleinkunst, . . 2415.

54

, , . . 4.000 . , . , , , . , . , . . 6 ( - ), , . , . , 8

. , , . . , 9 , 250 ., . , , . , , . , .

: , , , , 57

, , J.D. Barbie du Bocage, : Le voyage du Jeune Anacharsis.56

, , , , , .

. .. , ( ) : , , . , , ( 94/95: ). , 90.000 (, ) 210.000 ( ) 600.000 (), , ( 58

40 70, ), , , . 12.000-15.000 (Doenges) 25.000 (Hammond) ( 40.000 Wallinga ) 200-1.000 . . , , , , . , . , , . , , , . , -

. , (), (). (). () . , . 490 .. , , , 480-475 .. , , . . 27800.

, 9.000 ( 1.000 , ) , , ( ) . , 1.000 , , , , . , , , : , , , 8 9 , 16 . , , . , ( 1926 Munro) ,

. , . , , . , 12 . , , .

(16 ): , (, 240a-214c, 698 b-d), . , , (, ), ,

, , 500 .. Mnchen, Museum Antiker Kleinkunst, . . 1740.60

. , 16 , , , , , . , , . . (Leake How Wells Macan, Pritchett, Hammond) , . ( ), , , 1 . , . , , , . 1.500 .

, , . () , . , , 460-450 .., Boston, Museum of Fine Arts, . . 13.196.62

, ( 3 8 ) , . , , , , , . , , , , , . ( 1.500 .) , , , . , . , . , , . 150-200 . , 63

, , , .

. , ,

, ( , 112).

, , . . ( ), , 490-480 .. , , . . 14691.64

. , , ( ). . , , . , , ( ) . . . , - . , . , , , (, ),

. , , , , , ( I 32, 7: ). (I 15, 4), 2 . .., M, . ( ) : . , ( ) , . , . , ( ) , . , . , , . , , , 66

. 1.300 . , . () , (I 32,3-5), . . , , Eugene Vanderpool ( ), von Eschenburg , , . 6.400 , 33 , . , , . : . , , .

. , , . , , . , , , . , , . 500 .. , E , . . 12440.

67

. , , , , . .68

. , , (. . ). . , ; , , , ; , . , , , . , . , , . , .

; . , , ; ; ( ) . 347c: , , .

1

2

, , , , , . , , , . , . , ( )

NEA ARXEIA tha erthoun High3 469

. . . . . , , . . . , , , . 15, 3 ( , 1974) 252-254. , Carl Robert. , .70 71

, , 600-550 .. , , . . 8063. , 5 . .X., . AENAIA, , M. , , . . 6844.

. 2.000 , , , , .

, ( ) 6.400 . 192 ( 2,34). , (I 21) . . , ( 9 .) , 19 , Leake, 18901891. , -

. . .72

, , , 30 , , . () , , ( ) . , . , 22 . , ( 3 .), 10 , , , 3 . . , , .

73

8 5 . .. , . , , , . . . 2600. . [] [] . .

, . , , , . , , , , , , , 1.500 ., , . . , , , , : , , , , , , .

, , ( ) . , , 486 .. , ( 12). ( 1081-1086) ( ) : , , , . . .

. . . , , . , , . , , .

( ). , .76

. , 2 . .., . , , . . , ( ), . , , , , , , .

, , , , . , , , . , , -

, 120-150 .. , , . . 2898.

: , , , , [] [] , . . , -

, , , , ( ) , ( ) : . , , , .

, , , , . , , , , , . , , , () , . , 78

, . , , , , , , . , 520-510 .. , , . . 29.

, , , . .

, , ( 488/7 ..) ( 487/6 ..). (478 462 ..), , . . (. = 3.111) , , . , , 465460 .. , , . , ( ) ( 7,38). , (465 ..),

, , . , . ( ), , , , . , , . , 80

, , . , . , , , , . , . ( ). , , . . 960.81

( ) , . , , IG 12 763.

. , : , , , . , , , , , . : : , ( ), , . , : , .

, , , . , . , . J.S. Mill , Hastings , , (. , 862 b-f). , , , . , , ,

82

. , . . .

. , : , , , , . -

, , . , ( 6 . ..), . ( ) ( ). 5 . .. , 6 . .. . , . , . , .

, 5 . .. , , 34.86

427 .. , 15 . , . , . . , 410 .. , , . . 973.

( ) . , , .

. , , , : / (

, -

/ , . . ). , , ,

. (IG I3 523) [ ]

, , . 480 .. . . 199.

, , . . . , , . . , . , . 480-470 .. , , . . 16768.

. 5 , , : . , , , , , . 510 .. Paris, Muse du Louvre, . . 94-018095-02. , , , , . , , . 440-420. , , London, The British Museum, . . 09-505084.

. , , . 4 . .. , , , , , , , . , , , , , , .

90 91

, . , . , , 5 . .. , B5100.

() (480-479 ..). , ( ) (). , , . 2.500 , , .

, . , , 5-4 . .. London, The British Museum, . . 1897,1231.48.

, . , ( , , ) , , 5 . .. Paris, Muse du Louvre, . . 94-059049.94

7 . .. 4 . .. 7 . .. . , . , . , . , , , . 8 . .. 19 , . 19 20 , 1925 (1925-1979).

, (556-330 ..), (250 .. - 224 ..) (224-651 ..). 1920 1930 , , , . . . , . . , (546-530 ..) (522-486 ..). , ,

, , . -

. , .

H , , , 19 , , . Grand tour , , . 18 , , 19 . . . , 490 .. , . , , , .

genius loci

William Haygarth, , 1810, , 32 x 60 .

, . , genius loci ( ), , , , . , , . a priori , . , , , . , , , , . , , . . , Saint-Maximin Var . 5 1791 - Dijon, , . 1792

, 1794 . / . , , . . . , , , , . , . , , , 99

[], , .98

.

1810 William Haygarth (. 1784-1825). 1810 1811, , , . , , . , . , , . , , Haygarth . 1810-1811, (Greece, A Poem, In Three Parts, With Classical Illustrations, and Sketches of the Scenery), . , , , -

, . Haygarth , , , . , , , . , 19 , . John Cam Hobhouse (1786-1869), Broughton, 1809-1810 , . 1813 (A Journey through Albania, and other Provinces of Turkey in Europe and Asia, to Constantinople) , . Hobhouse 25 1810, . ,101

Simone Pomardi (), Charles Heath (), , .100

, ( ) . , . , Clarke (Travels in Various Countries of Europe Asia and Africa, Part the second, Greece, Egypt and the Holy Land) , . Edward Daniel Clarke (1769-1822) 1801, 1-2 , Giovanni Lusieri, . Clarke , , , . , , . , -, () . Dodwell Pomardi, . Edward Dodwell (1767-1832),

. 102-103:

Otto Magnus von Stackelberg () & Deroy (), , , . Hugh William Williams (, Charles Robert Cockerell) & J. Horsburgh (), , .104

(1801, 1805, 1806) , , (A Classical and Topographical Tour through Greece) 1819. Simone Pomardi 20 1806 , , . Dodwell , , , . , , , , , . , . , , . Dodwell, Simone Pomardi (. 1760-1830) , , (Viaggio nella Grecia), Dodwell, . 105

, , . 19 , , , . Hugh William Williams (1773-1829), 1816-1818, William Douglas of Orchardton. , Travels in Italy, Greece and the Ionian Islands ( 1820). Williams 1820 (Hugh Grecian Williams), . . . -

, , . Williams , , . , , -. , 1829, Williams , Select Views in Greece with Classical Illustrations. , 1824-1827, , . (replica) , . , . , , Stackelberg. Otto Magnus109

. 106-107:

Carl Rottmann, , 1835, , 20,5 x 32,5 . Carl Rottmann, , 1848, , 161,5 x 205 .108

von Stackelberg (1787-1837) 1810-1813 . (La Grce, Vues pittoresques et topographiques, 1834) , , Stackelberg 1811, Georg Christian Gropius. . , , , . , , - . Christopher Wordsworth (1807-1885), 12 1832. , (Athens and Attica: Journal of a Residence there, 1836) (Greece, Pictorial Descriptive and Historical, 1844), . , , . , , ,

, . , . 19 , , The Illustrated London News [ ] 1870. , . , , , . Carl Rottmann (1797-1850) 1835 . , , , , . , , Rottmann . 1841. 111

Carl Rottmann, , . 1849, , 91 90,5 .110

, , . . Rottmann 1848, , , , . , , . , , . , ( 1849) , Rottmann , Joseph Mallord William Turner (17751851). , . , , .

, Edward Lear (1812-1888) . Lear 1848 1849, , . 19 , 3.000 , . 15-16 1848, . Charles Church Sir Richard Church, 1848 . 15 , , . , Lear, , . Lear , , .113

Andrew MacCallum, , 1840, , 39 x 90 .112

, Lear 15 , . , Lear . (1854), . Ann (19 1848), , . Lear , . , Andrew MacCallum (182-1902) , , . , , . 19 - .

: , , , , -. . Vues de la Grce moderne (1824). , ( E.L.) Alexis Victor Joly. . , , , , , , , . , , , . , .115

G.H. Andrews (), , .114

, , , , . , Souvenez vous de Marathon [ ], , . 19 , , . () () (, ) , ( ) , ( ) . Jean-Pierre Cortot (1787-1843) (Salon) 1822 , (1832-1834) . ,

, , , . , , ( Johan Tobias Sergel, 1779) ( ), , , . Cortot , , , , . 19 . Lawrence Alda-Tadema (1836-1912) 1865 . , , ( , , Madame Grissin-Dumoulin, Pauline), , . , , , , - 117

Edward Lear, , 1854, , 33 x 53 .116

. , Alda-Tadema . Luc-Olivier Merson (18461920) . (Villa Medici) 1869. . , . , , , . , . , 19 , , ( ) . 490 .. ,

, . , , . - . .

Alexis Victor Joly, Souvenez vous de Marathon [ ], .118

119

:

. , , , , . , . , . , o , , , , . , , .

. , , 1971. , .

, , . , . , . . , , , , . , , . 19 , , . , . 19 , 1958 . , . , , , -

, . , , , 490 .., . , , , , . 1 . .., - , , . 2 . .. : , , ( 32, 7). -

(12 1836) . , , 123 . 2.122

, , , . . , .

, , ( ) , , , .

1955, 1977 - . . , , . , , , . , . , 1-1,50 ., . , . , , ( 32, 5) , , .

, , 1974. , , , , 3 .. , , , . , , , , , 3 .. 2003 , , . , , , 1969

.124

. 1970-1974 , 68 , . . -, . 3 .., , . , , , . , . , , , . , . , , . , , . .126

. . , . / , / . . -: , . , , , . . , , . . . 1969 , ,

, . , , . , , , . , , 19 ,William Martin Leake James George Frazer. , , . ( I-VI) 1970 . , ( I-IV). (1974-1975) ( VII), . , 17,50 . , , , , , . 2,

. . , 4-5 . .., . , 22 . , , , , . 16 , , . , 5 . . , , . IV, , . , , . , . , , 14 13 . .. (, , , ). , 500 . , , , 1458-1380 .. 1933-1935 . . 127

1958 . . , 7 ., , ( 25 .) . , , . , , . . ; , , . , , 2004 , , , . . . 5 . .., , .128

, , , 6 . .. , - ( , ). , , , . , , , . 1970 , , , . , . 6 . .., , , 2006, -

, , . , , 490 .., 10.000 , , . -

, , . 6.400 192 . , ,

, . -

. [...] , , , ( 34, 3-5),

, . Schliemann , . . . 1890 1891. , . . ., . , , . 5 . . 1 ., . , , . , 1036 (, ), 766 (), 764 (), 762 (), 848 . , , , , . ( .) ,

, , . , , . . , , , , . 192 , , . 9 . 185 . . , , , . : H. Schliemann 1884 . -

, , 1958.130

, . 192 . . . , 764 762 , . [...] ( 32, 3-4), , . , , . Leake, 19 , , . . , 3 . . 3 . 30 . 11 ,

10 . , , , , , 500 .. 490 .. . , , . , , . , , . , ( 1334, 711, 285. 240d) , . Leake , 550 . . , ( 32, 4), 133

(, , ), (1890), . . .132

E. Vanderpool 5 . .., 1,35 . , 0,80 ., . . , , , : , , (, 32, 5)

, . H , 5 . .., , . , 490 .., . , 5 . .., . : ( 108).

, , . , , , , , , , , , . , 2009, - , , , . . , , , .

. , . , 1933, . , 2 . .., () , , , . 1968 , 2001 . , , , . , - -, , , . , , 135

M.V. Eschenburg. 1884-1885 : , [] . . . , , 134

, , . 4 . .., . , . : , , , , , -

. , , , , , . . , , , 120 . , . , , , , , . , 3.300 ., . , . . [] -

[],

, . (2-3 . ..) , , , , 1972 . . . , , , , / ( ). , , , . . , . () , 1980, . , , ,

, , , ( , 1, 37). . , , 2004. , , 2009 , . , . , , , . , 6-7 . .., . ,

. , , . M ( 245-246), , , 19 . . , . . , .

. 138:

-

, .136

137

, , , , , , , . , , , . , , , , , , 180-196

, , , , , , . , . , , , , . . , , , . , , 180-196

, , , . 34, 5-6

. , , , . 34, 5-6 (. . )

- , , . , , , . 14, 5

, , . , , . , , , .

;

;

14, 5 , , . 33,3 , , . 33,3 (. . )141

.

. .

. ; . . . ; . . . ., , 226-245140

. ; . . . ; . !

. , , 226-245

, , , , , , , 10 , . 490 , , . [ , ], ( 1791, . . , . , 1988), . 156. , . , , , . , , . , . . . . . , ,

; , . , , I: 1774-1798 ( , 1964). : . . . Saint-Maximin [] Marathon, 25 brumaire (1793). : Claude Moss, L Antiquit dans la Rvolution franaise (1989), 133-134. As on the morn to distant glory dear, When Marathon became a magic word Lord Byron, Child Harold () The mountains look on Marathon-And Marathon looks on the sea; And musing there an hour alone, I dreamed that Greece might still be free; For standing on the Persians grave, I could not deem myself a slave. Lord Byron

. , , . . , . , , , . ; . . , (. , .-.: Allan Lund, . : , .. & ), . 95-96. . , , , . , . , . , . ( - ..., 1965), . 4-6.

(400 ..) . . , , . , ( , ), , , . . , , , . . , , , , , . .. , (1897-1933) ( .. , , 1984), . 106.

142

143

Balcer J.M., The Persian Wars against Greece: A reassessment, Historia 38 (1989) 127-143. Bengtson H., Griechische Geschichte, von den Anfngen bis in die rmische Kaiserzeit (Munich 1960) [. . , , , 1991]. Boardman J. Hammond N.L.G. Lewis D.M. Ostwald M., Cambridge Ancient History (CAH)2, . 4-6, Cambridge 1988 [ : , . 1: ( ) . 2: - ( ), (: ) , 2005] Burn A.R., Persia and the Greeks (London 1962) Bury J.B. Meiggs R., A History of Greece to the Death of Alexander the Great, (London 1951) [. . , , , 1998]. Detienne M., La phalange: problmes et controverses, : Vernant J.-P. (.), Problmes de la guerre en Grce ancienne (Paris 1968). Ducrey P., Guerre et guerriers dans la Grce antique (Fribourg-Paris 1985). Green P., The Greco-Persian Wars (Berkeley 1996) [. . , . , 1996). Hanson V.D. (.), Hoplites: The Classical Greek Battle Experience (London 1991). Hanson V.D., The Western Way of War. Infantry Battle in Classical Greece (New York 1989). Moss C., La Grce archaque dHomre Eschyle, VIIIe-VIe sicles av. J.-C. (Paris 1984) [. . , (8-6 ..) (, 1987). Olmstead A.T., History of the Persian Empire (6 . Chicago 1970)144

[. . , , 2002]. Rich W. Shipley G. (.), War and Society in the Greek World (London 1993). Warry J., Warfare in the Classical World (New York 1980). (.-.-. . , , , 1953). ., ( , 2001). , , : ( , 1971).

Berthold R.M., Which Way to Marathon?, REA 78-79 (1976-1977) 84-94. Boardman J. Hammond N.G.L. Lewis D.M. Ostwald M. (.), Cambridge Ancient History (2nd ed. Cambridge 1988) 502-517 (N.G.L. Hammond). Burn A.R., Persia and the Greeks (London 1962). Bury J. Cook S.A. Adcock F.A. (.), Cambridge Ancient History IV: The Persian Empire and the West (Cambridge 1926) 228-253 (J.A.R. Munro). Doenges .., The Campaign and Battle of Marathon, Historia 47 (1998) 2-17. Donlan W. Thompson J., The Charge at Marathon again, CW 72 (1978-1979) 419-420. Donlan W. Thompson J., The Charge at Marathon Herodotus 6.112, CJ 71 (1975-1976) 39-343. Evans A.S., Herodotus and the Battle of Marathon, Historia 42 (1993) 279-307. Gomme A., Herodotos and Marathon, The Phoenix 6 (1952) 77-81. Grundy G.B., The Great Persian War and its Preliminaries (New York 1901). Hammond N.G.L., The Campaign and Battle of Marathon, JHS 88 (1968) 13-57 (= Studies in Greek History [Oxford 1973]) 170-250. Lazenby J.F., The Mountains Look at Marathon, The Defence of Greece 490-479 BC (Warminster 1993). Pritchett W.K., Marathon, Univ. of Callifornia Publ. in Classical Archaeology 4 (1960) 141-142 Pritchett W.K., Studies in Ancient Greek Topography part I (Los Angeles 1965) 87-88 (Marathon Revisted) Veer van der J.A.G., The Battle of Marathon. A topographical Survey, Mnemosyne 4/35 (1982) 290-341. Williams G.M.E., The Image of the Alkmeonidai between 490 BC and 487/6 BC, Historia 29 (1980) 106-110. Bovon A., La reprsentation des guerriers perses et la notion de

Barbare dans la 1e moiti du 5e sicle, Bouletten de Correspondance Hellenic 87 (1963) 579 .. Raeck W., Zum Barbarenbild in der Kunst Athens im 6. und 5. Jahrhundert v.C., (Bonn 1981). Muth S., Gewalt im Bild (De Gruyter 2008) 241-259 (Perserkmpfe). Robert C., Die Marathonschlacht in der Poikile und Weiteres ber Polygnot, Hall.WPr 18 (1895). Kierdorf W., Erlebnis und Darstellung der Perserkriege (= Hypomnemata 16, Gttingen 1966). Hlscher T., Griechische Historienbilder des 5.und 4. Jh. v.Chr. (Wrzburg 1973) 50-84. Francis E.D. Vickers M., The Oinoe Painting in the Stoa Poikile and Herodotus Account of Marathon, BSA 80 (1985) 99-113. Eschenburg von, Topographische, archologische und militrische Betrachtungen auf dem Schlachtfelde vn Marathon (Berlin 1886) 10. Gauer W., Weihgeschenke aus den Perserkriegern, IstMitteil. Beiheft 2 (1968) Gauer W., Das Athenerschatzhaus und die marathonischen Akrothinia in Delphi, : F. Kritzinger (.), Festschrift B. Neutsch (Innsbruck 1980) 127-136. Ioakimidou Ch., Die Statuenreihen griechischer Poleis und Bnden aus sptarchaischer und klassischer Zeit (Munich 1997) 66ff., 199f. Jacquemin A., Offrandes monumentales Delphes (Athnes 1999) 190ff, 315 no 078. Antonio Giuliano, I grandi bronzi di Riace, Suppl. Bolletino d Arte (1885) 297-306. Despinis G., Vermutungen zum Marathon-Geschenk der Athener in Delphi, JdI 116 (2001) 103-127. Krumeich R., Bildnisse griechischer Herrscher und Staatsmnner im 5. Jahrhundert v. Chr. (Mnchen 1997). ., 2344, . ( 1998).145

. ., , ( 1995). Mersch J.., Archologischer Kommentar zu den Grbern der Athener und der Plataier in der Marathona, Klio, Beitrge zur Alten Geschichte 77 (1995) 55-64. Mller D., Topographischer Bildkommentar zu den Historien Herodots (Tbingen 1987) 655-673. Travlos J., Bildlexikon zur Topographie des antiken Attika (Tbingen 1988) 216-20. W. Martin Leake, The Topography of Athens. With some remarks on its antiquities (2nd ed., London 1841). ., . , 29 (1974) 226-244. ., , 6 (1890) 65-71, 123132. 7 (1891) 67, 97. ., 18 (1893) 46-63. How W.W. Wells J., A Commentary on Herodotus (Oxford 1912). Macan R.W. (.), Herodotus: The Fourth, Fifth, and Sixth Books with Introduction, Notes, Appendices, Indices, Maps - (London 1895).

Jung ., Marathon und Plataiai. Zwei Perserschlachten als lieux de memoire im antiken Griechenland (= Hypomnemata 164, Gttingen 2006).

, , , 18-20 2003, , 2009) 287-298. ., ( , 2008).

Farinella Vincenzo Panichi Silvia, Leco dei marmi, Il Partenone a Londra: un nuovo canone della classicita (Roma 2003). Figurelli Luna, Larcheologia di Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema, : Scritti di storia dellarte in onore di Teresa Pugliatti (. Gaetano Bongiovanni, Roma 2007) 171-174. Goueroult M., La journe de Marathon, ou le triomphe de la libert, pice historique en quatre actes en prose, Avec des intermdes et des churs (Paris 1792). Haygarth William, Greece, A Poem, In Three Parts, With Classical Illustrations, and Sketches of the Scenery (London 1814). Hazlitt William, Essays on Fine Art (London 1873). Hering Gunar, O.M. von Stackelberg, : , , : 19 . ( 1985) 75-106. Hobhouse John Cam, A Journey through Albania, and other Provinces of Turkey in Europe and Asia, to Constantinople, during the years 1809 and 1810 (London 1813). Hyman Susan, Edward Lear in the Levant,Travels in Albania, Greece and Turkey in Europe 1848-1849 (London 1988). Jan von Brevern, Carl Rottmanns Schlachtfeld von Marathon, Zeitschrift fr Kunstgeschichte 71 (2008) . 4, 527-542. Lear Edward, Selected Letters (.Vivien Noakes, Oxford 1988). Levi Peter, Edward Lear, A Biography (London 1995). Magnin Charles, De la Grce suivant lopinion du Collge, et de la Grce vritable, a loccasion du pome de William Haygarth, intitule The Greece [Globe, 17 aout 1827], : Causeries et mditations historiques et littraires, II (Paris 1843) 1-10. Moss Claude, (. Noakes Vivien, Edward Lear 1812-88 ( : , Royal Academy of Arts, 20 . - 14 . 1985, London 1985). Noakes Vivien, The Painter Edward Lear (London 1991). Ober Josiah, Edward Clarkes Ancient Road to Marathon A. D. 1801, Hesperia 51/4 (1982) 453-458.

Pomardi Simone, Viaggio nella Grecia fatto [...] negli anni 1804, 1805, e 1806, (Roma 1820). Rauch Alexander, Neoclassicism and the Romantic Movement: Painting in Europe between Two Revolutions 1789-1848, : Neoclassicism and Romanticism, Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, Drawings 1750-1848 (. Rolf Toman, Cologne 2000) 318-479. Rodenwaldt Gerhart, Otto Magnus von Stackelberg, Der Entdecker der griechischen Landaschaft (Mnchen-Berlin 1959). Rott Herbert Poggendorf Renate Stuermer Elisabeth, Carl Rottmann, Die Landschaften Griechenlands, [ Zehn Tonnen Hellas, Carl Rottmanns Griechenlandzyklus: , Neue Pinakothek, 25 - 29 2007, Mnchen 2007). Saunier Charles, Les Grands Prix de Rome depuis la fondation des Prix de Rome, Revue Encyclopdique (1896) 31. Spencer Ternece, Fair Greece Sad Relic, Literary Philhellenism from Shakespeare to Byron (London 1954). Spon Jacob, Voyage dItalie, de Dalmatie, de Grce, et du Levant, Fait ens annes 1675 & 1676 (Lyon 1678). Stackelberg Otto Magnus von, La Grce,Vues pittoresques et topographiques (Paris 1834). Stackelberg Otto Magnus von, Schilderung seines Lebens und seiner Reisen in Italien und Griechenlad, Nach Tagenbuechern und Briefen (Heidelberg 1882). Swanson Vern Grosvenor, The Biography and Catalogue Raisonne of the Paintings of Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema (London 1990). Tomlinson Richard Allan, The Athens of Alma-Tadema (Stourd 1991) Tsigakou Fani-Maria, The Travels of Edward Lear ( : , Fine Art Society, 17 . - 11 . 1983, London 1983). Vues de la Grce Moderne, Lithographies par A.J., Accompagnes dun Texte Descriptif, par E.L. (Paris 1824). Watercolours by Edward Lear From the Collection of the Hon. Sir Steven Runciman CH, (: Steven Runciman, : , National Galleries of Scotland, 8 . - 28 . 1991, Edinburgh 1991).147

., , 2004, , , , (. , 2005) 45-48. Fraser G. J., Pausanias. Description of Greece (London 1913). ., . , 34 (1979) 1 ( 1987) 89-91. ., , 20 (1979) 56-60. Leake M.W., The Topography of Athens and the Demi (London 1841). ., , 1970, 5-13. ., , (1970) 5-28. ., , (1972) 5-7. - ., . , B E (A 1991). - ., . , B E (A 1995). - ., N ( 1997). ., , (1890) 65-71, . . ., , Athenische Mitteilungen 18 (1893) 46-63 . II-V. ., , , 1932, 5-28. . ., ., ., ., ., ., , . : , 1994-2003 (. . . 146

genius lociAlma Tadema e la nostalgia dellantico ( : , Museo Archeologico Nazionale, 19 . 2007 - 31 . 2008, . Eugenia Quaerci, Stefano De Caro, Milano 2007). Angelomatis-Tsougarakis Helen, The Eve of the Greek Revival: British Travellers Perceptions of the Early Nineteenth-Century Greece (London-New York 1990). Badolle Maurice, Labb Jean-Jacques Barthlemy (1716-1795) et lhellnisme en France dans la seconde moitie du XVIIIe sicle (Paris1926). Baillot P., Rcit de la bataille de Marathon, lu le 5 septembre 1791, dans la socit patriotique de Dijon, aux gardes nationales-volontaires de la cote dor, lors de leur dpart pour Rheims (Dijon 1791). Beschi Luigi, Homonoia, La porta della Concordia Immortale a Maratona, Concordia 1 (1994) 39-52. Brydall Robert, History of Art in Scotland (Edinburgh 1889). Christopher Wordsworth, Greece, Pictorial Descriptive and Historical (London 1844). Clarke Edward Daniel, Travels in Various Countries of Europe Asia and Africa, Part the second, Greece, Egypt and the Holy Land, Section the third, Fourth edition,Volume the seventh (London 1818). Dodwell Edward, A Classical and Topographical Tour through Greece, during the years 1801, 1805, and 1806, II (London 1819). Durey Philippe, Des dangers de la sculpture pour lducation des princes: a propos du Soldat de Marathon de Jean-Pierre Cortot, : La sculpture au XIXe sicle: Mlanges pour Anne Pingeot, (. Aurore de Neuville, Paris 2008) 72-77. Edward Lear in Greece, A Loan Exhibition from the Gennadius Library, Athens, (. Philip Hofer, Francis Walton,Washington D.C. 1971). Edward Lear in Greece, Journals of a Landscape Painter in Greece and Albania (London 1965).

Williams Hugh William, Select Views in Greece with Classical Illustrations (London 1829). Wordsworth Christopher, Athens and Attica: Journal of a Residence there (London 1836). , , : , , : 19 . ( 1983) 9-33. , 19 , , , 1770-2000, 5 ( 2003) 383-400 (), , , : 19 . ( 1983). ., , , : 19 . ( 1982) 5-16. , ( 1977). , Edward Daniel Clarke Travels in Various Countries of Europe and Africa [], : , , : 19 . ( 1983) 133-143. , John Cam Hobhouse A journey through Albania and other provinces of Turkey in Europe and Asia, to Constantinople [], : , , : 19 . ( 1982) 249-259. , , 1: 1800-1810 (6 . 1991). , , 2: 1810-1821 (6 . 1991). - , (lavis) William Haygarth [...], : , , : 19 . ( 1982) 149-181. , 19 20 , 148

, (. , 1994) 231-264. , [. ] ( 1801). , 1750-1820 ( : , , 25 - 30 1995, 1995). -, , 19 . ( 1981). -, ( : , , . 1995, 1995). -, Edward Lear ( : , , 12 - 12 1997, .. 1997). -, 1998 (1 : LAntiquit dans la Rvolution franaise, Paris 1989).

1: O 1. , . 640-630 ..Villa Giulia, ( Chigi), . . 22679 [. . 35] 2. , . 500 .. , , . . 1933, 1934, 1938 [. . 9] 3. . 1:50 R.C. Anderson, 1992, , 4. , 510-500 .. , , . . 67 5. , . 500 .. E , . . 12440 [. . 67] 6. , 520/10-480 .. , , . . 1910/11 105 [. . 43] 7. , 6 - 5 . .. , . 8. , . 510 .. , , . . 97-012320 RMN/Apeiron Photos [. . 17] 9. , , 5-4 . .. , . .1897,1231.48 [. . 93] 10. ( ), 6-5 . .. ,, . . 1835,0630.1 [. . 25]

11. , , 5-4 . .. , . .1897,1231.7 [. . 27] 12., 5 . - 375 .. , , . . 6464 [. . 18-19] 13. , 5 . .. [. . 33] 14. , . 510 .. . ,, . . 1846,0512.2 [. . 23] 15. Z , 475-450 .. , , . . 12667 16. , . 510 .. , , . . 97-024173 RMN/Apeiron Photos 17. . A (Apadana), , 6 - 5 . .. , . [. . 21] 18. Bowdoin, . 480 .. , , . . 1964 19. , , 6 . .. , , . . 06525773 RMN/Apeiron Photos [. . 53] 20. , 480-450 .. , , . .A.1881.44.24 21. Altamura , 470-460 .. ,, . . 1961,0710.1 [. . 54] 22. , 430 .. Museum Antiker Kleinkunst, , . . 2415 [. . 55]149

23. , 500 .. , . Museum Antiker Kleinkunst, , . . 1740 [. . 61] 24. . , . 490 .. , , . . 3477 [. . 36-37] 25. , 520-510 .. , , . . 29 [. . 79] 2: 1. , 5 . .., Z . , , . . 02-000321 RMN/ Apeiron Photos 2. , . 480-470 .., . , , . . ME07527 The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Art Resource/Scala, Florence [. . 51] 3. , 490-480 .. , , . . 14691 4. , 460-450 .. , , . . 13.196 [. . 63] 5. . , , . 480 .. ,, . . 1950,0104.10 6. A , 480 .. , , . . 1887.213 [. . 11] 7. , 500490 .. ,, . . 1837,0609.70 8. , . 510 .. , , . . 07528 The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Art Resource/Scala, Florence150

9. , 5 . .., . , , . . 94-059049 RMN/Apeiron Photos [. . 95] 10. , 450-440 .., . ,, . . 1863,0728.436 3: 1. , , - , 2. , , , 3. ( ) , 340-320 .. Museo Archeologico Nazionale, , . . 81947 4. , , 120-150 .. , , . . 2898 [. . 78] 5. . - [. . 77] 6. . . . [. . 76] 7. . - [. . 85] 8. A. Tournaire , 1894. Ecole de Beaux Arts, , . . Env 84-12 9. , , . , IG I2, 763 [. . 83] 10.

. Piet de Jong, Hesperia V,2 (1936) . 225 [. . 82] 11. , . 480-470 .. , , . . 16768 [. . 89] 12. . [. . 84] 13. , . 510 .., , 6 . .. , , . . 94-018095-02 RMN/ Apeiron Photos [. . 90] 14. , o , . 440-420 .., . , , . . 09-505084 RMN/ Apeiron Photos [. . 91] 15. Brescia , 2 . .. [. . 45] 16. , . 360 .. , , . . 4465 17. : , 5 . .. , 34 [. . 86] 18. : , 490-480 .. , 21 19. , , , . 480 . .. , . 199 [. . 88] 20. . , , . . 960 [. . 81] 4: ( ) 1. William Haygarth, , 1810, , 32 60 ., , , GT 2051 q, vol. II, no. 105 [. . 97]

2. (), , , , : John Cam Hobhouse, A Journey through Albania, and Other Provinces of Turkey in Europe and Asia, to Constantinople, During the Years 1809 and 1810 ( 1813) [. . 99] 3. Simone Pomardi () & Charles Heath (), , , , : Edward Dodwell, A Classical and Topographical Tour through Greece, During the Years 1801, 1805, and 1806, vol. II ( 1819) [. . 101] 4. Hugh William Williams, , . 1817, , 30 61,5 ., , National Gallery of Scotland 5. Hugh William Williams (, Charles Robert Cockerell) & J. Horsburgh (), , , : H.W.Williams, Select Views in Greece with Classical Illustrations, vol. II ( 1829) [. . 105] 6. Otto Magnus von Stackelberg () & Deroy (), , , , , : O.M. von Stackelberg, La Grce, Vues pittoresques et topographiques (Paris 1834) [. . 102-103] 7. Bonner, , , , : Christopher Wordsworth, Greece, Pictorial Descriptive and Historical ( 1844) 8. Carl Rottmann, , 1848, , 161,5 205 ., , Bayerische Staatsgemaeldesammlungen, Neu Pinakothek, . . 860 [. . 109] 9. Edward Lear, , 1854, , , [. . 117] 10. Andrew MacCallum, , 19 ., , 39 90 ., , - , , 24524 [. . 113] 11. G.H. Andrews (), , , The Illustrated London News 1870 [. . 115] 12. Alexis Victor Joly, , , , : Vues de la Grce moderne, Lithographies par A.J., Accompagnes dun Texte Descriptif, par E.L. ( 1824) [. . 119]151

13. Carl Rottmann, , 1835, , 20,5 32,5 ., , Staatliche Graphische Sammlung, . . 1915:27 [. . 106-107] 5: 1. 1844, Leake, . 2. 1890 (3 ). . 3. 1890, ( , -, , ). . [. . 133] 4. (12 1836). [. . 123] 5. . ., 1970, . 11, . 6 (.: . ). . 6. (.: . ). . 7. .., 1970, . 35 (.: . ). [. . 125] 8. . , 1958. . [. . 131] 9. 10 , 1970, . 31. . 10. ., 1970, . 10, . 5. . 11. , 1970, . 26. .152

12. , 1970, . 7. . 13. , 1970, . 27. . 14. , 1970, . 28. . 15. 3, 1970, . 30. . 16. , 1970, . 28. . 17. , 1970, . 26. . 18. / 4274. . . . [...] , 1935, . 113, . 9. . 19. . . . 20. ( ) 1970, . 12, . 7. . 21. , 1939, . 35 . 8, / 4303. . 22. , . , , 1935, . 145 . 16, / 4288. .

1. 2. (508/7 ..) 3. 4. (492 ..) (490 ..) 5. 6. : 7. : Carl Robert , , , [. . 70-71]

1. , 6 - 5 . .. , . 5085. , , , . 2. , . . , . 5100. , , , . [. . 92] 3. , 500-490 .. , , . . 17305. , . . [. . 41] 4. ( ;). , 490 .. (. . 750). . . . 5. , 490-480 .. , . . 14691. , . [. . 64-65]153

1. 2 , 1973. 1.38, 2. 490 , 1977, : 1.15, 3. - , 1978. : 1.47, 1. , 1970. 44, . 2. , 1975. 1.17, 3. , 1970. 42.

6. . 490-480 .. . , . . 12769. . . . 7. , 480-475 .. . , . . 27800. , . . [. . 59] 8. , 5 . .X., . , . . 6844 , , , . [. . 73 ] 9. A , 6 . .X. . , . . 6258. 10. , 600-550 .., . . , , . . 8063 [. . 73 ] 11. . . , , . . 2344

2. ( , ), , 1791, (.), . , 1988 . 156 3. , ( 1816-1821 18251831, ), : , . , . , .. 10 , . 1 ( ), .533, : .530 4. .. , (1897-1933), . . , 1984, . 106 5. , , , : Allan Lund, : , .. & .., . 95-96 6. , . , - ..., , 1965 7. .. , . , , 1989 8. , 100 , 1896-1996, . , 1996, . 120 9. . 19-20 ( 15 1989 - 15 1990, 1989) . 131-132, . 130 10. - , . , . , 2003 . 103, . 90

1. , (Apadana) , 6 - 5 . .. , . [. . 15] 2. , . 500 .. Mnich, Glyptothek [. . 46-47] 3. , , J.D. Barbie du Bocage, : Le voyage du Jeune Anacharsis. [. . 57] 4. , . , , . . . 2600 [. . 75] 5. (-

). [. . 80] 6. , 410 .. , , . . 973 [. . 87] 7. Carl Rottmann, , . 1849, , 91 90,5 ., , Staatliche Museen, Nationalgalerie, . . A I 209 [. . 110] 8. . , , 1971. , (.: ) [. . 121] 9. . 5 . .., , . (.: ) [. . 129] 10. [. . 138-139]

1. , , , 1774-1798, : . . , , , . , , , 1964154 155