BOOKS

BEYOND THE FLYLEAF Soluble Si l icates , Their Proper t ies and

Uses. Vol. 1: Chemistry. Vol. 2 : Tech­nology. J A M E S G. VAIL. Vol. 1: xii -f-357 pages. Vol. 2: xxi 4- 669 pages. Reinhold Publishing Corp., 330 West 42nd St., New York 36, Ν. Υ. 1952. Vol. 1: $9.00. Vol. 2 : $15. Reviewed by C L I N T O N M. M A C M U L L E N , Olin In­dustries, Inc.

T H E S E two volumes comprise AMERICAN C H E M I C A L SOCIETY Monograph No. H o , replacing monograph No. 46 "Soluble Silicates in Industry" written by Vail in 1928. Significant of the advances in the silicate field is the expansion of this work from 443 to 1026 pages. This treatise has been entirely rewritten, expanded, and brought u p to date by an eminent author­ity in the field so as to maintain its repu­tation as the "bible" of the soluble sili­cate chemist.

In planning the book, the author placed emphasis on principles and properties and provided an adequate index so that data pertinent to one industry might be gath­ered by a consideration of similar ap­plications in other industries. Volume I is concerned primarily with the more theoretical aspects, and is indexed com­pletely in itself. Volume II covers indus­trial applications of soluble silicates, and

its index refers to both Volumes I and II with page numbers of Volume II given in boldface. Extensive references to the literature are given, including United States patents. The monograph is well illustrated with graphs and .pictures, and its style allows easy reading. T h e tables provide" valuable reference mater ia l in a readily accessible form. Nomenclature has been improved by defining sodium sili­cates in terms of formulas, molecular ratio of constituent oxides, and concentration.

Volume I covers the beginnings of the silicate industry, manufacturing processes, dissolving techniques, available commer­cial products, methods of analysis and testing, the homogenous systems—glasses, concentrated and dilute hydrous systems, heterogenous systems—equilibria in anhy­drous and in water systems, physical properties of crystalline alkali meta l sili­cates, and complex systems—sols, gels, or-ganosilicates, absorbents, catalysts, water softening, fertilizers, and detergents . The chapter headings alone fail to give an ap­preciation of the wealth of material covered that can b e gained only by going through the book. In the opinion of the reviewer inadequate treatment was given to anhydrous sodium metasilicate (pages 18 and 29) which has advanced to sig­nificant tonnage in recent years .

Volume II covers interfaces modified by silicate solutions: silicated detergents, metal cleaning, bottle washing, clay ad-hesives, clay slips, frits, flotation, textiles and paper, bleaching, dyeing, laundering, deinking, germicidal applications, organic emulsions, new surfaces—coatings and films on glass, metals, ceramics, paper, textiles, wood, bonded surfaces—adhesives, cements, concrete, sols, gels a n d polymers in industry—tanning, water purification, in-sulants, desiccants, catalysts, a n d physio­logical behavior.

The book is printed on good paper and is well bound. It will prove of inestim­able value to those many persons, non-trained and technically trained alike, who have a desire to become better acquainted with soluble silicates.

Elements of Food Engineering. Vol. I. M. E. PARKER, E. S. HARVEY AND E. S. STATELER. ix -\- 386 pages. Reinhold Publishing Corp., 330 W e s t 42nd St., New York 36, Ν. Υ. $8.75. Reviewed by J O H N H. NAIR, Thomas J. Lipton, Inc.

T H I S first volume in a scheduled series of three scarcely lives up to i ts promise. There is some introductory discussion of unit engineering operations as found in the food industry and an effort to define food engineering as a branch of food tech­nology. The bulk of the text deals with the development and description of food processing techniques. The authors have succeeded in collecting a wea l th of ac­curate historical, agricultural, a n d operat­

ing information covering nine classes of what they te rm "refined foods." I n a series of chapters they discuss wheat and corn flours; rice and oats; minor cereals; fats and oils; sugars, sirups, starches, and gums; food protein derivatives; spices, essential oils, condiments, and flavoring extracts; beverage and fermentation prod­ucts; and nuts.

T h e variety of facts assembled from many sources makes the contents valuable as a single-volume reference work in food processing. For the food plant lacking in technically trained personnel or with limited library facilities, the book should prove particularly useful. The form of presentation is such as to make it well adapted to serve as a text for a college course in food processing. The excellence of the numerous plant illustrations and operational flow sheet adds greatly to its value. The volume contains many tables showing compositions of various foods. Few typographical errors were noted. The printing and appearance of the book are excellent. I t is to be hoped that subse­quent volumes will contain much more basic engineering information applicable to food processing.

Superconductivity. 2nd éd . D. S n o EN-BE KG. χ -{- 253 pages. Cambridge Uni­versity Press, 32 East 57th St., New York 22, N. Y. 1952. Reviewed b y J. W. STOUT, University of Chicago.

T H E second edition of Shoenberg's mono­graph on superconductivity is more than double the size of the first edition ( 1938) . Much new material has been added and the remainder has been thoroughly re­vised and brought up to date. There is still no adequate theoretical explanation of the phenomenon of superconductivity and the author has wisely chosen to place the primary emphasis on a discussion of the experimental results. Dr. Shoenberg is a leader in research on superconductiv­ity and his thorough knowledge of the field makes him well qualified to evaluate critically the considerable body of ex­perimental data that has accumulated.

The book contains a very complete dis­cussion of the properties of superconduc­tors, including such recent work as the isotope effect and the depth of penetra­tion of a magnetic field as found from high frequency resonance experiments. The thermodynamics of the equilibrium be­tween normal and superconducting metal in the presence of a magnetic field is care­fully developed and is used as a guide in interpreting experiments. The important Russian work on the structure of the inter­mediate state and on the effect o f pres­sure on superconductivity has been well covered, a point that will b e appreciated by those who d o not read Russian. The phenomenological electromagnetic theory of London and the two-fluid theory of Gorter and Casimir are described in some detail and there is a brief discussion of the more fundamental theoretical ap­proaches of Bardeen and of Frohlich. An extensive bibliography is included.

The book is -written in a clear and in-

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teresting manner and could be readily understood by a graduate student in phys­ics or physical chemistry. It is remark­ably free from errors. In the reviewer's opinion it is the best book available on superconductivity and can be highly recommended to anyone who wishes to read a clear exposition of· the present knowledge of this subject.

S ta t i s t i ca l Method in Biological Assay. D. J. F I N N E Y , xix -f- 661 pages. Hafner Publishing Co., 31 East 10th St., New York 3, Ν. Υ. 1952. $11. Reviewed by C. V. WINDKR, Parke, Davis & Co.

T H E author is lecturer in the design and analysis of scientific experiment at the University of Oxford. During the past decade h e has rapidly become well-known and well-respected in his field. He makes "no apology for emphasizing in this book the role of the professional statistician." It is intended to provide the first compre­hensive account of this specialized branch of statistical science for the student and worker already fairly familiar with gen­eral technics of statistical design and anlaysis. To this end mathematical gen­eralization is used; the author displays his urge toward unification of the parts of the specialty among themselves and with the general science, and employs many per­sonal contributions along the way.

However, the variety of important and practical special cases and the many numerical examples are in reasonable proportion. The formal theory leads re­peatedly into critically evaluated practical method. The nonmathematical bioassayist can gain much in useful orientation, critique, and improvement of procedure. Four schemes of study are suggested by the author for as many types of readers: The professional statistician, the non-mathematical user of biological assays, those requiring a general survey of the function of statistics in bioassay, and those interested almost entirely in assays based on quantal responses.

The history of bioassay, from Noah's use of the dove (subject) in estimation of water depth (stimulus) in terms of the plucking of an olive leaf (response), is dealt with briefly. References are used often. The analytical or dilution bio­assay is the main subject matter of the book, but its relationship to the compara­tive assay involving unlike materials em­pirically fulfilling the requirements of similarity, and the respective logics and limitations of interpretation will be of considerable interest to the general ex­perimenter.

Interesting supplementary materials in­clude a partial list of international stand­ard preparations, and tables of transforma­tion of angles to probits, and angles to logits. The usual tables of t, variance ratio, Behrens-Fisher distribution, and χ2

are present only in abbreviated form, in­asmuch as a manual such as Fisher and Yate's tables is likely to be at hand. But certain tables essential to convenient solu­tion of .assays based on quantal responses, especially directly tabulated working

probits, logits, and angles not conven­iently available elsewhere, are given in more detail. These are set up in parallel logic in line with the author 's recently d e ­veloped unified theory of tolerance dis­tributions.

By nature the author is not a corner-cutter, hence it is not surprising that short­cut methods come in for vigorous discus­sion. However, he is quite willing to point out circumstances where t h e bet ter ones are useful. This should be helpful, because the "appeal (of such methods) is primar­ily to the investigator who has little knowledge of or inclination for statistical science, and who is therefore least quali­fied to judge of their adequacy in any par­ticular circumstances."

Systematically, the book progresses from direct assays based on direct deter­mination of dose required for a given r e ­sponse, through quantitative dose-response

relationships at the base of indirect par­allel-line and slope-ratio assays, and con­cludes with 149 pages on assays based on quan ta l responses, and a chapter on time as a response. Complicating situations are faced squarely and wherever a known rigorous solution or reasonable compro­mise seems at all practical it is given. Matters such as of validity, metametric transformations, scedasticity, curvature, parallelism» missing values, efficiency and economy, reliability, sensitivity, use of covariance, discriminant analysis, and com­bination of estimates are dealt wi th gener­ously in appropria te connections.

T h e section dealing with quan ta l re­sponses does not seriously overlap the author 's book on probit analysis. There is inevitable disappointment that t he beauty of design and variance analysis possible with the quant i ta t ive response is still at­tained but little—and that in makeshift

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BEYOND THE FLYLEAF

fashion—with the quaiital response. Many will be interested in trie author's argu­ment leading to the conclusion that "the extreme effective dose ( method of: Gad-dum), Reed-Muench, and Dragstcdt-Behrens methods ( of location of the ED,-« ) ought never to be used/*

NEW BOOKS

Advances in Cancer Research. Vol. 1. J. P. Greenstein and Alexander Had-dow, editors, xi -f 590 pages. Aca­demic Press, Inc., 125 East 2Srd St., New York 10, Ν. Υ. $12.

First in a new series presenting ireviews by international experts. Among 12 pa­pers are "The Chemistry of C^^totoxie Alkylating Agents" and "*Applications of Radioisotopes to Studies of Carcinogenesis and Tumor Metabolism." Drafting by the Model Method. J. B .

MUSACCHIA, H. A. FLUCHERE, A:ND M. J. GRAINGER. 143 pages. Arco Pub­lishing Co., 480 Lexington Ave., New York 17, Ν. Υ. Cloth, $5.00. Paper, $3.50.

Complete course in drafting by model method, accompanied by cut-out» three-dimensional models. Father of Air Conditioning. M/VRGARET

INGELS. 170 pages. Country Life; Press, Garden City, Ν. Υ. $2.50.

Biography of Willis Haviland Carrier. Includes 50-page chronological table ( 1500 to 1952) of events leading t o mod­ern air conditioning. An Introduction to Statistics, C. E .

CLARK, Χ -f- 266 pages. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 440 Fourth Ave., New York 16, Ν. Υ. $4.25.

Emphasizes statistical inference rather than descriptive statistics. Mastery of high school algebra not required. Microscopy for Chemists. H. F, SCHAEF-

FER. ν -4- 264 pages. D . Van Ni ostrand Co., 250 Fourth Ave., New York 10, Ν. Υ. $4.50.

First part covers background and intro­ductory material; second, 32 laboratory experiments. Minerals—A Key to Soviet Power-· D. B.

SHIMKIN. vii -f 452 pages. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Mass. $8.00.

Systematic survey of mineral resources, production, and consumption position of USSR, during period 1926 to 1950. Brief review of satellite output and reserves. Oxidation of Metals a n d Alloys. O. Ku-

B A S C H E W S K I AND B. E . HOPKINTS. IX - f 239 pages. Academic Press, Inc. , 125 East 23rd St., New York 10, Ν. Υ. $6.00.

Appraisal of state of research. Written for scientist interested in theory and produc­tion man trying to develop specific alloys. Confined to reactions above 100° Ο Cor­rosion in aqueous solution aot covered. Physical Chemistry for Colleges, 7th Ε di-

tion. E. B. MILLARD, vii -f- 618 pages. McGraw-Hill Book Co. , 330 West 42nd St., New York 36, Ν. Υ. $6;0O.

Includes new illustrative material. Mxich of text has been rewritten. Physical Chemistry of Metals- L. S.

DARKEN AND R. W. GTJBRY. v i i -f 535 pages. McGraw-Hill Book Co., 330

West 42nd St., New York 36, Ν. Υ. $8.50.

Text for senior and graduate students. First section describes solid and liquid states of alloys and metals from viewpoint of chemist rather than of solid-state physi­cist. The Scientific Adventure. HERBERT

DINGLE. The Philosophical Library, Inc., 15 East 40th St., New York 16, Ν. Υ. $6.00.

Essays on history and philosophy of sci­ence by professor in that field at Univer­sity College, London.

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obtained by title and by circular or re­print series number'from: The Engineer­ing Experiment Station, University of Il­linois, Urbana, 111. Electro-Organic Chemical Preparations:

Part IV. SHERLOCK SWANN, JR. Reprint Series No. 50. 19 pages. 20 cents.

Reprint from Journal of Electrochemical Society. Fourth in series listing electro-or­ganic syntheses useful in preparative work. An Electric Recording Water Meter. J.

K. TUTHILL. Circular Series No. 65. 18 pages. 20 cents.

Gives details of construction and operation for highly accurate water meter.

G O V E R N M E N T P U B L I C A T I O N S

The following documents are available at prices indicated from the Superintend­ent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. When no price is indicated, pamphlet is free and obtainable from issuing organizations.

Department of Commerce National Bureau of Standards

Annual Report 1952, National Bureau of Standards. Misc. Pub. 207. iv -f- 89 pages. Paper, 30 cents.

Department of Interior Bureau of Mines

( The following three publications may be obtained from the Bureau of Mines, Pub­lications Distribution Section, 4800 Forbes St., Pittsburgh 13, Pa. ) Gasification of Lignite in a Commercial-

Scale Pilot Plant Progress Report for 1947-48. A. C. BURR, J. C. HOLTZ, W. H. OPPELT, AND A. W. KOTH. Rept. of Invest. 4940. P.N. 37812.

Hermada Antimony Deposit, Elmore County, Idaho. C. C. POPOFF. Rept. of Invest. 4950. P.N. 37811.

Processes for Beneficiating Great Gossan Lead Ores, Carroll County, Va. J. S. BROWNING AND C. Β. CLEVENCER. Rept. of Invest» 4945. P.N. 37842.

Geological Survey Industrial Clays, Other Than Potential

Sources of Alumina of the Columbia Basin. I. G. SOHN. Cire. 158. 18 pages.

Selected Papers on the Uranium Deposits in the United States. Circ. 220. 35 pages.

Geochemical Association of Niobium (Columbium) and Titanium and Its Geological and Economic Significance. MICHAEL FLEISCHER, K. J. MURATA, J. D. FLETCHER, AND P. F. NARTEN. Circ. 225. 19 pages.

1466 C H E M I C A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G N E W S