BEng Thesis

221
ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΟ ΕΚΠΑΙΔΕΥΤΙΚΟ ΙΔΡΥΜΑ-ΤΕΙ- ΠΕΙΡΑΙΑ ΣΧΟΛΗ ΤΕΧΝΟΛΟΓΙΚΩΝ ΕΦΑΡΜΟΓΩΝ ΤΜΗΜΑ ΠΟΛΙΤΙΚΩΝ ΔΟΜΙΚΩΝ ΕΡΓΩΝ ΠΤΥΧΙΑΚΗ ΕΡΓΑΣΙΑ «ΟΙ ΠΡΑΣΙΝΕΣ ΔΗΜΟΣΙΕΣ ΣΥΜΒΑΣΕΙΣ (Π.Δ.Σ) ΣΤΙΣ ΚΑΤΑΣΚΕΥΕΣ» ΑΑΡΩΝ ΑΛΕΞΑΝΔΡΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΣΤΥΛΙΑΝΟΥ ΑΜ:36911 ΑΒΟΡΙΤΗΣ ΜΙΧΑΗΛ ΤΟΥ ΚΩΝΣΤΑΝΤΙΝΟΥ ΑΜ: 37579 Υπεύθυνοι Α. Βλάχου & Ι.Γ. Καράλη Επίβλεψη Ι.Γ. Καράλη Οκτώβριος 2012

Transcript of BEng Thesis

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    ABSTRACTTopic: "Green Public Procurement (G.P.P.) in Construction."

    October 2012

    The present study on "Green Public Procurement (G.P.P.) in Construction " has

    been prepared in accordance with Article 69 of Regulation studies of TEI Piraeus

    (164 / 202,02-10-2009) with an introduction and supervision Mrs A. Vla-

    chou, Lecturer of the Department. Civil Engineering (CE) of TEI Piraeus and Ioanna

    Karali, PhD, Researcher, Associate of TEI Piraeus.

    The present essay attempts to study the techniques in the field of public sector

    and to consider the prospect of introducing environmental considerations into their

    procurement practices to reduce negative impacts on the environment. The funda-

    mental objective was the processes by which environmental considerations are taken

    into account during the award process of concluding Green Public Procurement in

    construction. The work conducted under Dissertation TEI Piraeus and substantial

    contribution focuses on creating the right conditions to integrate environmental crite-

    ria into proclamations for the acquisition of supplies in the public and broader public

    sector.

    This work is structured by three -3- Chapters:

    The first chapter is a conceptual approach to some concepts to better understand

    the user of this. The constitutional framework that governs contracts and then reflect-

    ed important definitions such as ecological materials. Additionally, extensive refer-

    ence to eco-labels, the Life Cycle Assessment (L.C.A) and are presented Environ-

    mental Management Systems EMAS I and II - ISO 14001.

    The second chapter, discusses the relationship of environmental protection to sus-

    tainable development and their correlation with G.P.P.

    The third chapter, is the main body of this thesis outlining the steps to integrate

    environmental considerations into procurement contracts. Specifically listed coupons

    products for construction, basic and detailed criteria G.P.P., technical specifications,

    award criteria, terms Contract, scope, environmental impact and cost aspects..

    In conclusion, this essay deals with the recording and investigation of the method-

    ology of preparation of G.P.P.

    Keywords: Green, Public, Procurement, G.P.P., L.C.A., C.H.P., EMAS, ISO, Construction.

  • v

    ................................................................................................................................. ii

    ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. IV

    ........................................................................................................................ V

    ............................................................................................................ x

    ........................................................................................................ xi

    .......................................................................................................... xii

    ............................................................................................................................. xiii

    1

    1.1. ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1.1 .............................................................................................. 1

    1.1.2 ................................................................................. 2

    1.1.3 ....................................................... 2

    1.1.4 - ................................................................................................... 3

    1.1.5 ................................................................................. 3

    1.1.6 ......................................................................... 3

    1.1.7 , ................................ 3

    1.1.8 .............................................................................................. 4

    1.1.9 .......................................................................... 4

    1.1.10 ........................................................................................... 4

    1.1.11 ........................................................................................... 4

    1.1.12 .................................................................................. 5

    1.1.13. ..................................................................... 5

    1.1.14 .............................................. 5

  • vi

    1.1.15 (ECO) ....................................................................................... 6

    1.1.16 ............................................ 7

    1.1.17 KAI .................................................................................................................. 9

    1.1.17.1 ................................................................... 11

    1.1.18 .................................................. 17

    1.1.19. (LCA) ........................................................................ 18

    1.1.20. ...................................................................................... 20

    1.1.20.1 ................................................................................. 21

    1.1.20.2 ................................................................................................. 21

    1.1.20.3 ................................................................................. 22

    1.1.20.4 ...................................................................................... 22

    1.1.20.5 ............................................................................... 23

    1.1.20.6 .............................................................................................. 23

    1.1.20.7 ................................................................... 23

    1.1.20.8 ............................................................... 23

    1.1.20.9 ... 24

    1.1.21 48 2004/18/EK ................................................................... 25

    1.1.22 53 2004/17/EK ................................................................... 25

    1.1.23 54 2004/17/EK ................................................................... 25

    1.1.24 LOCAL AGENDA 21 ................................................................................................. 26

    1.1.25 FLEGT .................................................................................. 26

    1.1.26 .................................................. 27

    1.1.27 EN 13986 ............................................................................................... 27

    1.2 .................................................................................................... 28 1.2.1 NO3855 ( 95 23.06.2010)/ 8 ....................................................... 28

    1.2.1 ..................................................................................... 30

    1.2.2. ................................................................................... 31

  • vii

    1.2.3 ...................................... 33

    1.2.4 .......................................................... 33

    1.2.5 (POPs) . 34

    1.2.6 . ............................................................... 35

    1.2.7 ... ........................................ 35

    2

    2.1 ............................................................................................................................ 36 2.2 LOCAL AGENDA 21 ............................................................................................................ 36

    2.2.1 ............................................................................................ 37

    2.2.2 ...................................................................................................... 44

    2.3 ......................................... 47 2.4 .................................................................................. 50

    3

    3.1 ............................................................................................................................ 56 3.2 ............................................................................................ 56

    3.2.1 : ............. 57

    3.2.2. : , , ................................ 59

    3.2.2.1 , - ......................................................... 60

    3.2.4 : .............................. 61

    3.2.5 : ( ) ........................................................................................................................ 64

    3.2.6 ...................................................................................................... 68

  • viii

    3.2.6.1 ... ................................................................................... 68

    3.3 (...) .......................................... 70 3.3.1 ................................................................................................. 70

    3.3.1.1 ............ 70

    3.3.1.1.1 ............................................................................ 70

    3.3.1.1.2 ................................................................................... 71

    3.3.1.1.3 .......................................................................... 71

    3.3.1.1.4 ............................................................................ 71

    3.3.1.1.5 ........................................................................................................... 71

    3.3.1.1.6 ......................................................................... 71

    3.3.2 .............................................................. 72

    3.3.3 ... ....................................................................... 74

    3.3.3.1 ... ............................................................................................................. 74

    3.3.3.1.1 & - .......... 74

    3.3.3.1.2 - ... ..................................................................................................................................... 76

    3.3.3.1.3 .............................................................. 76

    3.3.3.2 ... ............................................................................................................. 77

    3.3.3.2.1. .................................................. 77

    3.3.3.2.2 ... 81

    3.3.3.2.3. ... .................................................................................... 87

    3.3.3.3. ... ............................................................................................................. 90

    3.2.3.3.1. ... ........................................................................................................................... 90

    3.3.3.3.2. - .... 91

    3.3.3.3.3. : ............................................................................................................... 91

  • ix

    3.4 .................................... 92 3.4.1 ...................................................................................................... 92

    3.4.1.1 ................ 92

    3.4.1.2. ................................................................ 94

    3.4.1.3 ............................................. 95

    3.4.1.4 ... ...................................................... 97

    3.4.1.5 ................................................................................ 105

    3.4.2 .............................................................................................................. 109

    3.4.2.1 .............. 109

    3.4.2.2 ............................................................... 110

    3.4.2.3 ........................................... 111

    3.4.2.4 ... .......................................................... 113

    3.4.2.5 ......................................................................................... 124

    3.4.3 ................................................................................................. 128

    3.4.3.1 ................................................................................................................... 128

    3.4.3.2 ............................................................... 129

    3.4.3.3 ..................................................... 130

    3.4.3.4 ................ 132

    3.4.3.5 ....................... 140

    3.4.3.6 ................................................................................. 148

    3.4.4 ........................................... 150

    3.4.4.1 .............. 150

    3.4.4.2 ............................................................... 151

    3.4.4.3 ........................................... 152

    3.4.4.4 ... . 154

    3.4.4.5 .......................................................................................... 159

  • ,,

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    1-1: ........................................................................................... 13

    1-2: .......................................................................................... 16

    1-3: (% ) ...................................................... 21

    1-4: .......................................................................... 21

    1-5: ........................................................................... 22

    1-6: ................................................ 22

    3-1: ........................................................... 62

    3-2: ................. 65

    3-3: .............................................................. 67

    3-4: ... ................. 95

    3-5. ................................................... 105

    3-6 EST ....................................................................................... 107

    3-7: ... ................................ 111

    3-8: ....................................................................................................... 125

    3-9: ... ....................................... 130

    3-10: ... ............................... 152

    3-11: ... ...................................... 159

    3-12: ... ...................................... 160

  • ,,

    xi

    1-1: LCA ................................................................................ 20

    3-1: ............................................................................................................ 57

    3-2. ........................................... 58

  • ,,

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    1-2: Energy Star ,EPA U.S .................................................................................................. 14

    1-3: .E ........................................................................................... 14

    1-4 S ........................................................................................................... 18

    3-1: ..................................................................................... 60

  • xiii

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  • 1

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    2. , - , , -

    ,

  • 1

    29

    ,

    . ,

    , -

    , , -

    , -

    ,

    .

    .

    3. , - , , -

    ,

    .

    ,

    , -

    , , , -

    -

    . :

    I. , , ,

    , , -

    ,

    II.

    3,5

    ,

    III. -

    , ,

    IV.

    -

    .

    4. -

    . ,

  • 1

    30

    , -

    .

    1.2.1 -

    , 1992, -

    ( ,

    1994).

    , -

    . , 1997, -

    -

    , .

    (6) ( -

    (CO2), (CH4), (N2O),

    (HFC), (PFC), (SF6))

    2008-2012, 5,2% 1990. ,

    2002.

    , , ,

    -

    . , :

    I.

    ,

    -

    .

    II.

    -

    .

    -

    . , -

  • 1

    31

    , , -

    .

    III.

    .

    , -

    ( .. -

    ).

    1.2.2. 1998 ,

    , -

    , -

    -

    . ,

    .

    .

    1998

    ,

    , 30 2001 ,

    , 16 .

    ,

    35 , -

    ( .. ), , ...,

    .

    -

    , , , -

    , 1990. -

    -

    ,

    , -

    .

  • 1

    32

    ,

    .

    1)

    ,

    ( 1990 -

    90/313/ ),

    .

    ,

    .

    2) -

    ,

    , , -

    -

    , -

    ,

    , , -

    . (HELECO 05, , , 3-6 2005 3).

    3)

    , , -

    .

    , -

    ,

    -

    -

    , -

    .

    -

    ,

    -

    , .

  • 1

    33

    ,

    -

    ,

    , .

    , -

    ,

    .

    1.2.3 , , -

    ,

    1998. , , , -

    -

    . ,

    2003/35/

    , -

    ,

    , 2003/4/

    . ( ) , -

    , -

    , .

    , ,

    , -

    . , ,

    , ,

    .

    .

    1.2.4 , ,

    . -

    :

    , ,

    90/313/

  • 1

    34

    , 77921-1440-

    6-9-1995 ( 795, , 14-9-95), -

    .

    , :

    ,

    , -

    .

    , , -

    ,

    ( , ,

    ,

    ,

    ). -

    .

    .

    , , ,

    -

    . 3068/2002 ( 274, )

    , ,

    , -

    , ...

    1.2.5 - (POPs)

    (POPs) -

    , , -

    -

    .

    -12-POPs ,

    .

  • 1

    35

    1.2.6 . , -

    , ,

    .

    , ,

    , .

    1987, -

    , -

    ,

    (ODS, ozone-depleting substances).

    , -

    (CFC), (HFC).

    halons ( ). -

    ,

    (HCFC) .

    -

    2050 .

    ODS , , , -

    . ,

    , ODS

    (HFC),

    14.800

    ( ).

    1.2.7 ...

    ... -

    , -

    .

    , ...

    . , -

    -

    ...

  • 2

    36

    2.1 -

    -

    .

    2.2 LOCAL AGENDA 21 21 , , -

    , ,

    ,

    , , -

    .

    , 178

    1, Local Agenda212

    21o .

    -

    ( ) .

    .

    1 1992 , - , , . 21, - .( , , . 28, 1992 ). 2 . 1

    2

  • 2

    37

    1915, -

    .

    1951, UNESKO -

    . 1970,

    ,

    -

    ,

    .

    . 1972, , -

    .

    -, -

    .

    .

    sustainable development, -

    .

    , 1992. -

    . , ,

    :

    30% .

    2.2.1 , ( -

    )

    green growth, ( ) -

    sustainable development. , -

    growth development, -

    . economic growth,

    ,

  • 2

    38

    . -

    () ,

    -

    . -

    -

    ( ) -

    .

    -

    , -

    -

    . economic

    development, ,

    . -

    . -

    -

    ,

    -

    .

    , -

    .

    ( )

    , ,

    , , -

    .

    , -

    (reproduction), -

    (transformation). -

    , , ,

    .

    -

    , ,

    , , -

    , -

    , ,

  • 2

    39

    , .

    , -

    1980 (International Union for the

    Conservation of Nature) -

    [2-1],

    .

    1987 -

    (World Commission on Environment and Development)

    (Our Common Future), -

    Brundtland (Brundtland Report).

    (United

    Nations Conference on Environment and Development),

    1992,

    (Rio Declaration on Environment and Development),

    -

    [2-2]

    : ,

    ,

    ,

    -

    . ,

    .

    (Action Plan) 21 (Agenda 21) -

    ,

    -

    . -

    (Commission on Sustainable

    Development).

    (Johannesburg Summit) 2002 -

    (World Summit on Sustainable

    Development), -

    : , -

    .

  • 2

    40

    -

    -

    ,

    ,

    . -

    ( -

    ) -

    , -

    (, , , , , )

    -

    . -

    ( ),

    ( ), -

    , -

    .

    1992

    ,

    , ,

    -

    -

    .

    .

    -

    :

    , , [2-3]. -

    ,

    .

    ,

    , -

    .

    , -

    , -

    , -

    , -

  • 2

    41

    .

    ( ),

    ,

    .

    21 -

    [2-4].

    , -

    , -

    -

    ,

    , (Human Development

    Index), (Environmental Sustainability Index),

    (Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare),

    (Ecological Footprint)

    (Genuine Progress Indicator). -

    .

    -

    -

    ,

    . , -

    , -

    .

    -

    ,

    , , -

    ,

    .

    5

    (Ministerial Conference on Environment

    and Development in Asia and the Pacific)[2-5] -

    (Economic and Social Commission for Asia and

    the Pacific)

  • 2

    42

    (United Nations Economic and Social Council)

    2005.

    -

    , -

    .

    . , -

    , -

    , -

    .

    -

    , , -

    (grow first, clean up later),

    -

    (environmentally

    sustainable economic growth), -

    (green growth). -

    (win-win solution)

    , -

    , :

    ,

    , , -

    -

    .

    ,

    , -

    , ( -

    -

    ),

    .

    ,

    ,

    ,

  • 2

    43

    , -

    .

    :

    1.

    (Ministerial Declaration on Environment and Development

    in Asia and the Pacific) 2005,

    2.

    (Regional Implementation Plan for Sustainable

    Development in Asia and the Pacific) 2006-2010

    3.

    (Seoul Initiative on Environmentally Sustainable Economic

    Growth).

    2009 30 -

    3 (OECD Ministerial Council Meeting), -

    , , , , -

    (Declaration on Green Growth)[2-6].

    -

    2007-2008

    ,

    -

    , (green)

    (growth) .

    -

    .

    -

    ,

    ,

    .

    ,

    -

    [2-7]. ,

    , , -

    3

  • 2

    44

    ,

    (Green Growth Strategy)[2-8].

    -

    , .

    ()

    [2-9].

    , :

    ,

    -

    .

    -

    .

    .

    , -

    .

    2.2.2 ,

    1965 -

    .

    ,

    ( ), -

    [2-10].

    . -

    , -

    , -

  • 2

    45

    , -

    ,

    -

    . -

    2007-2008 -

    (

    , -

    , , , )

    -

    .

    , -

    . -

    ,

    .

    .

    ,

    , -

    ,

    .

    -

    -

    ,

    , -

    , .

    .

    .

    (United Nations Development Programme)

    (World Bank),

    (pro-poor growth)[2-11]. -

    . -

    ,

  • 2

    46

    -.

    . -

    , -

    ( ) -

    , -

    . ,

    , ,

    -

    ,

    , ,

    -

    .

    -

    .

    2006

    ,

    -

    ,

    -

    [2-12].

    ,

    2008

    , Noeleen Heyzer, , -

    5

    2005

    [2-13].

    ,

    , -

    , -

    , -

    [2-14].

  • 2

    47

    -

    . -

    , -

    -.

    -

    , -

    ,

    ,

    -

    [2-15],

    . , -

    ,

    [2-16], [2-17].

    ,

    , -

    ,

    .

    2.3

    . -

    -

    .

    -

    . -

    .

    . -

  • 2

    48

    Recommendation of the

    Council on Improving the Environmental Performance of Public Procurement

    23 2002 -

    ,

    . -

    . -

    -

    . -

    -

    . -

    2004/18 (. 5 8 339) -

    . -

    -

    -

    . -

    . 5 6 ,

    -

    3 , . ,

    ,

    ,

    , /.

    2004/17/ ( 3514) 2004/18/ ( 2315)

    ,

    -

    -

    . -

    .

    . -

  • 2

    49

    .

    -

    .

    -

    . -

    -

    .

    -

    - - 27/11/1996 (Com (96)

    583 )

    . ,

    .

    . 2001 -

    . , -

    ( ) -

    . , -

    , , . , -

    -

    .

    , . -

    , ,

    , , -

    , -

    . ,

    -

    . , .., -

    ,

    .

    ,

  • 2

    50

    -

    .

    .

    -

    . 6

    (. IP/01/102)

    .

    -

    .

    -

    . -

    -

    - -

    2005.

    6 : -

    -

    .

    -

    -

    , -

    .

    2.4 -

    () ,

    , -

    , -

    .

  • 2

    51

    2005,

    , , -

    -

    .

    ,

    -

    .

    , 2004,

    -

    .

    ,

    . , , , ,

    , ,

    ,

    .

    1000 25 -

    , Green-7 -

    40-70% . 18 ,

    30%. () 860

    ,

    . -

    67% -

    , 37% . -

    , 25% -

    .

    . ,

    Green-7 -

    , ,

    ,

    . -

    , ,

    .

  • 2

    52

    , , , ,

    , ,

    . -

    , . -

    . ,

    , ,

    . ,

    1.500

    16% , .

    ,

    , Timo Mkel,

    ( ) -

    . -

    .

    , -

    , .

    -

    ,

    , -

    . , -

    . Graz

    2006.

    -

    2005.

    2001,

    .

    , -

    -

    .

    ,

  • 2

    53

    .

    .

    .

    ,

    , -

    -

    .

    ,

    .

    . -

    ,

    -

    . -

    () .

    2004/17/ ( 35) 2004/18/

    ( 23) -

    .

    , -

    , -

    ,

    . -

    . -

    .

    , -

    , 2004/17/ ( 35) 2004/18/ ( 23) -

    .

    .

    () , -

    .

    , ( -

    , ). ,

  • 2

    54

    (.. , ).

    ,

    . , :

    1.

    ,

    2. .

    , ,

    (.. , -

    , ..). ,

    ,

    -

    ,

    . -

    -

    .

    -

    , .

    -

    . -

    , -

    .

    , .

    :

    1) -

    .

    2) -

    .

    3) .

    4) 28.

  • 2

    55

    , ,

    , , , -

    .

    , -

    (..

    , , -

    ..). ,

    ,

    , , -

    . , -

    .

    .

    ,

    2010,

    . -

    50 % -

    , .

    , ,

    ,

    .

    -

    ,

    . -

    , , -

    .

    .

  • 3

    56

    3.1 -

    .

    ,

    ..., , -

    , , ,

    .

    3.2 -

    . -

    1, -

    -

    .

    1 , -.

    3

  • 3

    57

    3-1:

    3-1:

    3.2.1 : -

    .

    -

    -

    [3-1].

    , -

    . Day[3-2] -

    -

    . ,

    [3-3].

  • 3

    58

    ( 3-2).

    3-2: (Environmental purchasing hierarchy), Barbara Morton , : HEPS 2003

    :

    1) , ,

    2) .

    -

    . -

    , , -

    [3-4]. -

    -

    , , (

    ) -

    .

    , .

    .

    ,

    -

    , .

    , -

    . , -

    , -

    , .

    ,

    .

  • 3

    59

    -, -

    .

    ,

    . -

    -

    [3-5].

    3.2.2. : , ,

    -

    .

    (IGPN)]3-6]

    . ,

    -

    .

    .. [3-7] -

    -

    -

    , -

    .

    , -

    :

    1) (Performance)[3-8]

    ,

    2) (Technical)

    .

  • 3

    60

    3.2.2.1 , - -

    2004/17/EK (

    , , -

    ) 2004/18/EK ( -

    , ) -

    .

    . ,

    [3-9].

    , , -

    .

    -

    , :

    (...): -

    2001/77/E.

    3-1: : (: http://www.eco-reconstructions.com)

  • 3

    61

    :

    -

    () 2092/91 .

    () 1804/99 [3-10].

    .

    ,

    .

    ,

    [3-11].

    3.2.4 :

    . -

    HEPS - [3-12] -

    -

    . ,

    ,

    3-1.

  • 3

    62

    3-1:

    & -

    & -

    & -

    -

    -

    /

    -

    &

    -

    -

    -

    ,

    CO2 / -

    (

    , )

    -

    : HEPS Sustainable purchasing guidance

  • 3

    63

    GreenMed[3-13]

    ,

    . , -

    .

    ,

    .. (.

    2 2.2). -

    -

    , [3-14].

    -

    -

    .. 2 ( 48 2004/18/EK

    53 54 2004/17/EK). -

    ,

    , -

    . -

    , [3-

    15].

    ,

    . ,

    , -

    [3-16]:

    -

    ,

    -

    ,

    .

    -

    2. 1

  • 3

    64

    , EMAS

    (Environmental Management and Audit Scheme) -

    .. . -

    (

    , )

    -

    [3-17].

    3.2.5 : (- )

    -

    -

    [3-18]. ,

    (.. ).

    -

    . -

    .. [3-19] -

    :

    1) ,

    2)

    .

    , -

    , .

    Day[3-20] .. -

    -, -

    . , -

    ,

    , -

    . -

    , :

    ,

  • 3

    65

    ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    .

    , , , -

    , , , -

    , ,

    [3-21]. 3-2 -

    ICLEI (International Council for Local Environmental Initiatives -

    )

    .

    3-2

    -

    63% 17% 2%

    58% 22% 2%

    17% 49% 15%

    -

    (Eco-Labels) 12% 27% 44%

    ,

    22% 39% 22%

    ,

    /

    17% 44% 27%

  • 3

    66

    : ICLEI

    , , , -

    .

    .

    -

    , -

    . -

    ,

    (

    ) -

    . , -

    [3-22].

    .

    . ,

    ,

    20-25%[3-23]. -

    ,

    .

    , -

    .

    (Life-cycle costing-LCC), -

    .

    ,

    . -

    .

    -

    .

  • 3

    67

    -

    .

    [3-24]. -

    3-3

    .

    3-3:

    A 100W -

    B 20W -

    8 * 1 1 * 8

    : -

    8 * 50g =400g 1 * 120 g

    -

    8 * 100W * 1000 h = 800 kWh

    1 *20W * 8000 h = 160 kWh

    8 * 1.25 = 10 1 * 12 =12

    (0.11 /KWH)

    0.1 /KWH * 800 KWH =88 0.11 /KWH * 160 KWH

    =17.6

    8

    (10 + 88) = 98 (12 + 17.6) = 29.6

    : GreenMed 2005

    (CFL)

    (Watt). , 15-

    Watt CFL 60 Watt. -

    .

  • 3

    68

    EnergyStar

    -

    . ,

    (.3-1):

    (WATTS X /1000) X / KWH = (.3-1)

    , 8 100 Watt

    8 20 Watt. 80

    Watt 640 Watt 8 .

    3-3 1000 -

    0.11 (KWh) :

    640.000Wh 1000 640 KWh. -

    0.11 70.4 .

    3.2.6 .

    3.2.6.1 ...

    :

    I.

    II.

    III.

    IV.

    V.

    VI.

    VII.

    VIII.

    IX.

    X.

    2010 8

    : , , , ,

    , -

    , , .

  • 3

    69

    .

  • 3

    70

    3.3 (...)

    3.3.1 -

    , ,

    , . -

    , , ,

    .

    .

    , (), -

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    .

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    3.3.1.1

    3.3.1.1.1

    ( , ,

    , )

    ()

  • 3

    71

    3.3.1.1.2

    -

    .

    (...): -

    .

    .

    , , , -

    .

    3.3.1.1.3

    / -

    .

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    .

    3.3.1.1.6

    1) .

    2) / .

    3) .

    4) .

    5) .

  • 3

    72

    3.3.2

    ...

    ,

    , , ,

    , -

    CO2

    -

    , ,

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    -

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    .

    3 -

    (-)

    .

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    (...) .

    -

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    3 (.. , , , .).

  • 3

    73

    -

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    4

    -

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    5

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    CO2 -

    .

    .

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    .

    .

    -

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    .

    4 76/796/EOK.5 - (.. ) /.

  • 3

    74

    3.3.3 ...

    3.3.3.1 - ...

    3.3.3.1.1 & -

    I. , [

    ], -

    [ ] -

    ,

    .

    II. :

    1. , - -

    , 53 54

    2004/17/EK 45 2004/18/EK,

    .

    :

    2. - . , ..

    /.

    -

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  • 3

    75

    ,

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    3. ( - -

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    : EMAS ISO.

  • 3

    76

    3.3.3.1.2 - ...

    I. / [ ],

    , ,

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    II.

    .

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    3.3.3.1.3

    : .

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  • 3

    77

    -

    ( , , )

    ( 53 54 2004/17/EK

    45 2004/18/EK).

    3.3.3.2 ...

    3.3.3.2.1.

    ) - ...

    I. :

    1. [//]6 (- , , ,

    ) []% [

    ].

    :

    2. ,

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  • 3

    78

    II. :

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    :

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    7 , - , , . , , 30kWh/ma 20 kWh/ma (9.500 Btu/ft/yr 6.300 Btu/ft/yr).

  • 3

    79

    - 2

    I. 1. (-): []% [, ]

    (-). - -

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    .).

    2. : [//] - ( , , -

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  • 3

    80

    ) -

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    kWh/ma 20 kWh/ma (9.500 Btu/ft/yr 6.300 Btu/ft/yr). , -

    (Passivhaus),

    ,

    15 kWh/ma 4.755 Btu/ft/yr.

    : - , , , -

    8 1 13 Construction Background Report

  • 3

    81

    () , -

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    82

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    () 250C] -

    :

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  • 3

    83

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  • 3

    84

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  • 3

    85

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  • 3

    86

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  • 3

    87

    : - ... . .

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  • 3

    88

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  • 3

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  • 3

    90

    3.3.3.3. ...

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    17http://ec.europa.eu

  • 3

    91

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  • 3

    92

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  • 3

    93

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  • 3

    94

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    [3-25]. -

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  • 3

    95

    CE. CE -

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    3.4.1.3 ,

    , -

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  • 3

    96

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  • 3

    97

    3.4.1.4 ...

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    II. T 1.

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    0,044 W/mK.

    : ,

    (89/106/E), CE,

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    (R40, R45, R49), (R60, R61, R62,

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    R51), (R42), -

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    (R48), -

    (R68).

  • 3

    98

    -

    () . 1272/2008 ,

    [3-26] -

    (H350-351), (H360-361),

    (H340-341), (H300- H301, H310-H311, H330-H331,

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  • 3

    99

    ,

    / FSC18, PEFC19 -

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    18FSC (Forest Stewardship Council/ ): http://www.fsc.org 19PEFC (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification/ ) http://www.pefc.org 20.121 ISO 14021.

  • 3

    100

    : ,

    (89/106/E), CE,

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    (89/106/E), CE,

    CE .

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    CE -

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    :

  • 3

    101

    842/2006/E

    .

    -

    1999/45/E 67/548/

    (R40, R45, R49), (R60, R61, R62,

    R63), (R46, R68), (R23, R24, R25, R26, R27, R28,

    R51), (R42), -

    (R46),

    (R48), -

    (R68).

    -

    () . 1272/2008 ,

    22 -

    (H350-351), (H360-361), -

    (H340-341), (H300- H301, H310-H311, H330-H331,

    H411), (H334),

    (H340), -

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    III.

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    22http://eurlex.europa.eu

  • 3

    102

    (2 4 1998). , -

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    , -

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    (ITTO, , Tarapoto,

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  • 3

    103

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    (GWP), -

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    24:

    .

    23. 124 ISO 14021.

  • 3

    104

    : ,

    (89/106/E), CE,

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    3 94/62/E 20 1994

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  • 3

    105

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    3.4.1.5 -

    , -

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    .

    , .

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  • 3

    106

    3-5. .[3-27]

    (W/MK) () / m2

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    100mm 6.28

    65mm 4.40 (-

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    0,034-0,036 4.40-7.80

    0.033 10.06

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    0.037 50mm 5.98

    100mm 11.94

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    () http://www.xe.com 7/7/12.

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  • 3

    107

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    . , , Energy Saving Trust

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  • 3

    108

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    * ()

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    [3-29] 132 300 b 2

    [3-30] 438 6 600-10 200c 15 23

    [3-31] 462 12 600-17 400 c 27 37

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  • 3

    109

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    110

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  • 3

    112

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    113

    3.4.2.4 ...

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    (89/106/E), CE, -

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    25 26

  • 3

    114

    (89/106/E),

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    .

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  • 3

    115

    : Vinyl2010 , -

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    1999/45/ 67/548/

    :

  • 3

    116

    (R40, R45, R49)

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    ,

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    (R48)

    () . 1272/2008,

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    ( 1 -

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  • 3

    117

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  • 3

    118

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    (89/106/E), CE, -

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  • 3

    119

    . (.. , ) -

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  • 3

    120

    2. (R23, R25 H301, H331) - .

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  • 3

    121

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    1999/45/E

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  • 3

    122

    IV. 1. -

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    123

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  • 3

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  • 3

    126

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  • 3

    127

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  • 3

    128

    3.4.3

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