1. ISLAMIC CREED SERIES 1BELIEFINALLAH)nthcLightofthcQuranandSunnahJ~ :1 0 {UIUmarS.alAshqarINTERNATIONAL15AMICPUBLl5HINGHOUSE

2. INTHENAMEOFALLAHTHEALL-COMPASSIONATEALL-MERCIFULBELIEFINALLAH 3. Title:BELIEFINALLAHAuthor:Dr.UmarS.al-AshqarTranslatedfromArabicedition10(1995)EnglishEdition1(2002)EnglishEdition3(2005)Translator:Nasiruddinal-KhattabEditor:HudaKhattabLayout:IIPHRiyadhSaudiArabiaCoverDesigner:HaroonVicentePascualArlingtonU.S.A.Filming:SamoPressGroup 4. IS L A M I C C R E E D SERIES BELIEFINALLAHIntheLightoftheQuranandSunnahd.l.I~ Jlo-!IDr.UmarS.alAshqarTranslatedby:NasiruddinalKhattabJV.BE.......................ivit--A-a--plA4i IJI~IINTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC PUBLISHING HOUSElJN!VLRSITY!.lBRiRYlJNIVER YOFN()RnI(AR()UNAAlClIAPEL11111 5. 03TNETNocPUBLISHERSNOTE 19TRANSLATORSFOREWORD 21PREFACETOTHENEWREVISEDEDITION 23PREFACETOTHEFIRSTEDITION 25INTRODUCTION 291-QEEDAH:DEFINITIONANDEXPLANATION 291)Aqeedah:MeaningandUsage 292)AqeedahisaMatterofKnowledgeintheHeart 303)AqeedahmeansCertainBeliefwithnoRoomforDoubt 314)TheIssuesofAqeedahareInvisible 325)CorrectAqeedahandFalseAqeedah 33Whereiseueaqeedahday? 346)TheImportanceandNecessityofIslamicAqeedah 352 THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENAQEEDAHANDEEMAAN ANDSHARIAH 391)leRelationshipBetweenAqeedahandEemaan 392)TheRelationshipBetweenAqeedahandShariah 413)PayingAttentiontoDeeds 423-EEMAANANDKUFR 431)RulingonRejectionofAqeedah 432)ActionsandWordsWhichareCountedasKu_(Disbelief)443)AttitudeTowardstheKuffaar(Disbelievers)4)leKaafirbeforeAllah4545 6. 6 Contents5)NeglectingObligatoryDutiesandCommittingProhibitedActions 46i)Theattitudeofthesalaftowardsthosewhocomm1tmorsms 46ii)TheKhawrijwhodenouncedpeopleaskaa.firbecauseoftheirsins 49Theevidencequotedbythekhawaarijfordenouncingaskaa.firthosewhocommitmorsins 50Refutationoftheevidencequotedbythekhm arij 54WhatismeantbythetextsinwhichtheMessengerofAllahdisownedthosewhocommitsins 59WhatismeantbythetextswhichstatethatsomesinsimplyJa. andshirk 59iii)Thosewhosaythatthepersonwhocommitsmajorsinshasperfectfaith 634-AQEEDAHVS.PHILOSOPHYANDILMAL-4 641)TheDifferenceBetweenIslamicAqeedahandPhi1osophyand11mal-Kalaam 64i)Originsandsources 65ii)Methodologyandway 66iii)Force1impact 72iv)Style 75v)Deductionmethod 76vi)Results 792)TheAttitudeoftheScholarsTowardsPhi1osophy 813)ComparisonBetweenManoflOught(Phi1osophy)and1anofAqeedah 85 7. BeliefinAllah 75-SCHOLARSMETHODOLOGYmAFFIRMmGAQEEDAH 87ExplanationofleirSpeciousArguments 90TextsWhichIndicatethatAa}JaadReportsareSoundEnoughtobeUsedasEvidence 96RefutingtheArgumentofthoseWhosaythatAadA}JaadeethC motbeUsedasProofwithRegardtoAqeedah 99BELIEFSWHICHAREPROVENBYTHEAR4DEETH 101RulingonThosewhoDenythatWhichhasbeenProveninAa}JaadReports 105TheCorrectMethodology 106Amatterwhichmustbeclarified:HowcanweusetheQurantoaddressthosewhodonotbelieveinit? 106ADubiousCall:BringingReligionsTogether 108BELIEFmALLAH 110Introduction:TheImportanceofthisPrinciple 110IssuesofBeliefinAllah 111CHAPTERONEEVIDENCEOFTHEEXISTENCEOFTHECREATOR 1131-THEFIRSTPROOF:THEEVIDENCEOFTHEFITRAH(HUMANmSTmCT) 113SoundHumanInstinctBearsWitnesstotheExistenceofAllahWithout(AnyNeedforFurther)Evidence 113Calamitiespuri theEssenceoftheFi(rah 116TheMushrikeen(PolytheiststheIdolaters)toWhomtheMessengerwasSentAcknowledgedtheExistenceoftheCreator 117leKu._ofPeopleNowadaysisGreater 119 8. 8 Contents2-THESECONDPROOF:THISUNIVERSEMUSTHAVEACREATOR 119LetUsGiveanExampletoExplain LawMoreClearly120leattitudeoftheempiricalsciencestowardsthislaw 125Reasonhasnochoicebuttoadmit 125SpeciousArgumentsAbouttheOriginoftheUniverse 1251)TheViewthatitHappenedbyAccident 1262)TheViewthatNa reistheCreator 128Thetheoryofself-generation 129Natureisthelawswhichgoverntheuniverse 130Natureisaforce 132Thosewhocamebeforethemsaidsomethingsimi1ar 1323)DarwinsTheory 133Whatdoesthistheorysay? 133Thebasesofthistheory 133Darwinsexplanationoftheprocessofevolution 134Refutationofthebasesonwhichthistheoryisfounded 135RefutingDarwinsexplanationofhowevolutionworks 137lIstheoryisnotsupportedbyreality 139Theattitudeofnaturalscientiststowardsiseory 141Theorynotfact 142Sowhydiditbecomesowidespread? 142TheQuranandDarwinsleory 143Theoppositeofthistheoryisthetruth 144Inconc1usion 149 9. BeliefinAllah 9CHAPTERTWODEFINITlON OFALLAHANDCONNECTINGHEARTSTOHIMINTRODUCTION1-EVIDENCEOFTHEUNIVERSALSIGNSWHICHPOINTTOTHECREATORANDINITIATOR1)leQuranicMethOdOlOgyinUsingtheUniversal151151151SignsasEvidence 151i)ExplOringtheuniversethrOughtheQuranicdescriptiOn151AllahsActiOnsintheUniverse 152ii)TheblessingsOfAllahintheuniverse 156leQ gesustO seekandknOw AllahrOughHisUniversalSigns 159iii)HOw theQuranusesitsaayaat(verses)tOprOvethattheCreatOrisdeservingOfLOrdshipandDivinityandtOprovethefalsenessOfeveryingthatiswOrshippedinsteadOfAllah 160Ku.(disbelief)isreprehensibleandsangeinthefaceOfsuchc1earprOOf 164iv)ThOsewhObenefitomthesignsOftheuniversearethOsewhO haveinsight 166v)MOdemscienceshaveseveredthecOnnectiOnbetweenmankindandtheuniverse 168vi)EvidenceincreatiOnOfeatibutesOftheCreatOr 170vii)All istheOnlyOneWhO isdeservingOfwOrship 1732)leSchOlarsExplaintheWOndersthatAllahhasMadeinHisCreatiOn 175i)BOdiesarefOrmedOfcellswhichdivide 176 10. 10 Contentsii)Resistanceoflivingbeingstodestructivefactors 179iii)HowAllahinspiredthebeeandthewondersofhowAllahhascreatedit 180Contemporaryscientistsdescribethewor1dofthebee 185Howdobeestelloneanotherwherefoodis? 191lebeeseesacolourthatwedonotsee 192iv)HowAllahIidestheantandthewondersofitscreation 193Thewhiteant(termite):itsodandhabitation 198Antskeepflocksandplowthesoil 199v)HowAllahguidesthehoopoeandthewondersofitscreation 201vi)Howpigeonsare idedandthewondersoftheircreation 203vii)Adogwhichnursedachildwhosefamilyhaddied 207viii)lewhist1ingbirdkillstheviper 208ix)lecunningofefox 208x)Thewondersofthewolf 209xi)Thewondersofmonkeys 210xii)Thewondersofcows 210xiii)Thewondersofmice 210xiv)Someanimalsusemedicine 211.xv)Howpeoplelearnomanimals 211Waysinwhichhumansarelikenedtoanimals 216xvi)HowtheCreatorguideslivingbeingstomultiply 219 11. BelifinAllah 11Theimportanceofthesexualinstinct 222xvii)HowtheCreatorcausesanimalstomakeupforlostP tsoftheirbodies 222xviii)Alllivingbeingshavethefunctionofbreathingincommonalthoughtheyachieveitindifferentways224xix)Livingbeingsgettheirfoodindifferentways 226xx)Howbloodcirculatesinthebodiesofalllivingbeings 228xxi)lewayinwhichthesensesareformedinlivingbeings 230xxii)Howthebonesandjointsaredesigned 232xxiii)Thereasonwhybloodc10ts 232xxiv)Thesensoryantennaeofmosquitoes 233xxv)Creatureswhichflashinthedarkness 234xxvi)Thedigestiveprocessinanimals 234xvii)Formationoftheembryo 235xviii) rmationoftheear 236xxix)Filariaeworms 236xxx)Themagnetismoftheearth 238xxxi)Thesizedimensionsandorbitofheavenlybodies 2382-KNOWINGALLAHTHROUGHTHETEXTSOFTHEQURANANDSUNNAH 240TheDivineNamesandAtbutes 2401)leExtenttoWhichtheHumanMindcanComprehendtheAtibutesofAllah 2402)SummaryoftheAtibutesWhichareMentionedintheTexts 241 12. 12 Contentsi)Allahhasanessence(dhaat) 241ii)HisSelf" 242iii)leFaceof0 LordtheExalted 245THEEFFECTSOFBELIEFINTHEFACEOFALLAH 246a)SeekingtheFaceofAllahthroughrighteousdeeds 246b)SeekingrefugebytheFaceofAllahtheExalted 247c)RespondingtoeonewhoasksofyouforthesakeofAllah 248d)HopingtoseetheFaceofAllah 249TheveilofHisFace 251iv)AllahhastwoHands 252GlorifingAllahbymentioningHisHands 252AllahspreadsHisHands 253ThingswhichtheAll-MercifulhascreatedwithHisHands253ThegreatnessoftheHandsoftheLord 257BothofHisHandsareRightHands 258v)TheFingersoftheMostMerciful 258vi)WhathasbeenmentionedconcemingHisFoot 259vii)AllahtheExaltedhasaShin 261viii)HisrisingovertheThrone 262ThegreatsizeoftheThrone 264AllahpraisesHimselfbymentioningHisrisingovertheThroneandbydec1aringthatHeistheLordoftheThrone 265ThemeaningofHisrisingovererrone(istiwaa) 267ix)WhereisAllah? 269 13. BeliefinAllah 13ThemeaningofHisbeinginheaven 271Extensiveevidence 273HisbeingAll-Highdoesnotco adictHisbeingc10se 276x)Thelaughof0 LordtheExalted 276xi)xii)DescendingandComingoftheExalted 279xiii)ThespeechofAllah 280Allahsspeechisnotlimitedorrescted 285TheQuranistrulytheWordofAllah 286xiv)TheloveofAllah 288xv)xvi)Allahsha dandanger 290xvii)SeeingAllah 292xviii)leKnowledgeofAllah 296HisKnowledgeencompassesgeneralitiesandminordetails296xix)xx)HisLifeSustainmentandEtemity 299AllahtheExaltedmentionsthesetwoNamestogether 300TheperfectionofHisLifeandSustainment 301GlorifyingAllahbymentioningHisLifeandSustainment301xxi)xxii)Hishearingandsight 302TheGrealessofAllahshearingandsight 303ThemushrikeenignoranceofhowfarthehearingofAllahextends 3053 THEBEAUTIFULNAfESOFALLAH 3051)TheNumberofHisNames 3062)DefiningtheNamesofAllah 3083)leGreatestName 313 14. iJO~Whatsoever isintheheavensandwhatsoeverisontheearthglorifiesAllahtheKing[ofeverything]theHolyeAll-MightytheAll-Wise.T (Qwan62:1)4@442L4 iLe4ii 4~In aseatofuth[i.e.P adise]ne theOmnipotentKing.t (Quran54:55)Allah()hasalsodescribedsomeofHiscreatedbeingsaspossessmgsovereignty: ---hilij~~ ~And e king[ofEgypt]said:Verily1saw[inadream]sevenfatcows...t (Quran12:43)4@...:}195fJfJ6 354. 354 DefinitionofAllahandConnectingHearts m~And thekingsaid:Bringhimtome...~(Qurn12:50)11!iji 2iit...~...Therewasakingbehindthemwhoseizedeveryshipbyforce) (Quran18:79) ...h jfUJj.;&fd~...You givethekingdomtowhomYouwil1 andYoutakethekingdomomwhomYouwi11..)(Qurn3:26)UndoubtedlyAllahpossesses eSovereigntyinamannerwhichbefitsHisPerfectionandMajestywhilstHiscreatedbeingspossesssovereigntyinamannerthatissuitedtotheirtransientnareimperfectionandneedforAllah.v)vi)TheattributesofcompellingpowerandprideAllahdescribesHimselfasbeingtheCompeller(AI-Jabbaar)andMostGreat(AI-Mutakabbir):...2136JTLJf~...The All-Mighty1-Azeez]the Compeller1-Jabbaar]theSupreme[AI-Mutakabbir]..)(Quran59:23).AndHe()hasdescribedsomeofHiscrea resasbeingso@AJJ=~~ ~iGr... ~...ThusdoesAllahsealuptheheartofeveryaogant(mutakabbir)tyrant(jabbaar)) (Quran40:3 @LLAL41UL 355. BeliefinAllah 355~And whenyouseize[somebody]seizeyou[him]astyran 0bbaareen)?.) (!~r an26:130)@ a:d2J dJ3...4Istheren