1. ISLAMIC CREED SERIES 1BELIEFINALLAH)nthcLightofthcQuranandSunnahJ~ :1 0 {UIUmarS.alAshqarINTERNATIONAL15AMICPUBLl5HINGHOUSE

2. INTHENAMEOFALLAHTHEALL-COMPASSIONATEALL-MERCIFULBELIEFINALLAH 3. Title:BELIEFINALLAHAuthor:Dr.UmarS.al-AshqarTranslatedfromArabicedition10(1995)EnglishEdition1(2002)EnglishEdition3(2005)Translator:Nasiruddinal-KhattabEditor:HudaKhattabLayout:IIPHRiyadhSaudiArabiaCoverDesigner:HaroonVicentePascualArlingtonU.S.A.Filming:SamoPressGroup 4. IS L A M I C C R E E D SERIES BELIEFINALLAHIntheLightoftheQuranandSunnahd.l.I~ Jlo-!IDr.UmarS.alAshqarTranslatedby:NasiruddinalKhattabJV.BE.......................ivit--A-a--plA4i IJI~IINTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC PUBLISHING HOUSElJN!VLRSITY!.lBRiRYlJNIVER YOFN()RnI(AR()UNAAlClIAPEL11111 5. 03TNETNocPUBLISHERSNOTE 19TRANSLATORSFOREWORD 21PREFACETOTHENEWREVISEDEDITION 23PREFACETOTHEFIRSTEDITION 25INTRODUCTION 291-QEEDAH:DEFINITIONANDEXPLANATION 291)Aqeedah:MeaningandUsage 292)AqeedahisaMatterofKnowledgeintheHeart 303)AqeedahmeansCertainBeliefwithnoRoomforDoubt 314)TheIssuesofAqeedahareInvisible 325)CorrectAqeedahandFalseAqeedah 33Whereiseueaqeedahday? 346)TheImportanceandNecessityofIslamicAqeedah 352 THERELATIONSHIPBETWEENAQEEDAHANDEEMAAN ANDSHARIAH 391)leRelationshipBetweenAqeedahandEemaan 392)TheRelationshipBetweenAqeedahandShariah 413)PayingAttentiontoDeeds 423-EEMAANANDKUFR 431)RulingonRejectionofAqeedah 432)ActionsandWordsWhichareCountedasKu_(Disbelief)443)AttitudeTowardstheKuffaar(Disbelievers)4)leKaafirbeforeAllah4545 6. 6 Contents5)NeglectingObligatoryDutiesandCommittingProhibitedActions 46i)Theattitudeofthesalaftowardsthosewhocomm1tmorsms 46ii)TheKhawrijwhodenouncedpeopleaskaa.firbecauseoftheirsins 49Theevidencequotedbythekhawaarijfordenouncingaskaa.firthosewhocommitmorsins 50Refutationoftheevidencequotedbythekhm arij 54WhatismeantbythetextsinwhichtheMessengerofAllahdisownedthosewhocommitsins 59WhatismeantbythetextswhichstatethatsomesinsimplyJa. andshirk 59iii)Thosewhosaythatthepersonwhocommitsmajorsinshasperfectfaith 634-AQEEDAHVS.PHILOSOPHYANDILMAL-4 641)TheDifferenceBetweenIslamicAqeedahandPhi1osophyand11mal-Kalaam 64i)Originsandsources 65ii)Methodologyandway 66iii)Force1impact 72iv)Style 75v)Deductionmethod 76vi)Results 792)TheAttitudeoftheScholarsTowardsPhi1osophy 813)ComparisonBetweenManoflOught(Phi1osophy)and1anofAqeedah 85 7. BeliefinAllah 75-SCHOLARSMETHODOLOGYmAFFIRMmGAQEEDAH 87ExplanationofleirSpeciousArguments 90TextsWhichIndicatethatAa}JaadReportsareSoundEnoughtobeUsedasEvidence 96RefutingtheArgumentofthoseWhosaythatAadA}JaadeethC motbeUsedasProofwithRegardtoAqeedah 99BELIEFSWHICHAREPROVENBYTHEAR4DEETH 101RulingonThosewhoDenythatWhichhasbeenProveninAa}JaadReports 105TheCorrectMethodology 106Amatterwhichmustbeclarified:HowcanweusetheQurantoaddressthosewhodonotbelieveinit? 106ADubiousCall:BringingReligionsTogether 108BELIEFmALLAH 110Introduction:TheImportanceofthisPrinciple 110IssuesofBeliefinAllah 111CHAPTERONEEVIDENCEOFTHEEXISTENCEOFTHECREATOR 1131-THEFIRSTPROOF:THEEVIDENCEOFTHEFITRAH(HUMANmSTmCT) 113SoundHumanInstinctBearsWitnesstotheExistenceofAllahWithout(AnyNeedforFurther)Evidence 113Calamitiespuri theEssenceoftheFi(rah 116TheMushrikeen(PolytheiststheIdolaters)toWhomtheMessengerwasSentAcknowledgedtheExistenceoftheCreator 117leKu._ofPeopleNowadaysisGreater 119 8. 8 Contents2-THESECONDPROOF:THISUNIVERSEMUSTHAVEACREATOR 119LetUsGiveanExampletoExplain LawMoreClearly120leattitudeoftheempiricalsciencestowardsthislaw 125Reasonhasnochoicebuttoadmit 125SpeciousArgumentsAbouttheOriginoftheUniverse 1251)TheViewthatitHappenedbyAccident 1262)TheViewthatNa reistheCreator 128Thetheoryofself-generation 129Natureisthelawswhichgoverntheuniverse 130Natureisaforce 132Thosewhocamebeforethemsaidsomethingsimi1ar 1323)DarwinsTheory 133Whatdoesthistheorysay? 133Thebasesofthistheory 133Darwinsexplanationoftheprocessofevolution 134Refutationofthebasesonwhichthistheoryisfounded 135RefutingDarwinsexplanationofhowevolutionworks 137lIstheoryisnotsupportedbyreality 139Theattitudeofnaturalscientiststowardsiseory 141Theorynotfact 142Sowhydiditbecomesowidespread? 142TheQuranandDarwinsleory 143Theoppositeofthistheoryisthetruth 144Inconc1usion 149 9. BeliefinAllah 9CHAPTERTWODEFINITlON OFALLAHANDCONNECTINGHEARTSTOHIMINTRODUCTION1-EVIDENCEOFTHEUNIVERSALSIGNSWHICHPOINTTOTHECREATORANDINITIATOR1)leQuranicMethOdOlOgyinUsingtheUniversal151151151SignsasEvidence 151i)ExplOringtheuniversethrOughtheQuranicdescriptiOn151AllahsActiOnsintheUniverse 152ii)TheblessingsOfAllahintheuniverse 156leQ gesustO seekandknOw AllahrOughHisUniversalSigns 159iii)HOw theQuranusesitsaayaat(verses)tOprOvethattheCreatOrisdeservingOfLOrdshipandDivinityandtOprovethefalsenessOfeveryingthatiswOrshippedinsteadOfAllah 160Ku.(disbelief)isreprehensibleandsangeinthefaceOfsuchc1earprOOf 164iv)ThOsewhObenefitomthesignsOftheuniversearethOsewhO haveinsight 166v)MOdemscienceshaveseveredthecOnnectiOnbetweenmankindandtheuniverse 168vi)EvidenceincreatiOnOfeatibutesOftheCreatOr 170vii)All istheOnlyOneWhO isdeservingOfwOrship 1732)leSchOlarsExplaintheWOndersthatAllahhasMadeinHisCreatiOn 175i)BOdiesarefOrmedOfcellswhichdivide 176 10. 10 Contentsii)Resistanceoflivingbeingstodestructivefactors 179iii)HowAllahinspiredthebeeandthewondersofhowAllahhascreatedit 180Contemporaryscientistsdescribethewor1dofthebee 185Howdobeestelloneanotherwherefoodis? 191lebeeseesacolourthatwedonotsee 192iv)HowAllahIidestheantandthewondersofitscreation 193Thewhiteant(termite):itsodandhabitation 198Antskeepflocksandplowthesoil 199v)HowAllahguidesthehoopoeandthewondersofitscreation 201vi)Howpigeonsare idedandthewondersoftheircreation 203vii)Adogwhichnursedachildwhosefamilyhaddied 207viii)lewhist1ingbirdkillstheviper 208ix)lecunningofefox 208x)Thewondersofthewolf 209xi)Thewondersofmonkeys 210xii)Thewondersofcows 210xiii)Thewondersofmice 210xiv)Someanimalsusemedicine 211.xv)Howpeoplelearnomanimals 211Waysinwhichhumansarelikenedtoanimals 216xvi)HowtheCreatorguideslivingbeingstomultiply 219 11. BelifinAllah 11Theimportanceofthesexualinstinct 222xvii)HowtheCreatorcausesanimalstomakeupforlostP tsoftheirbodies 222xviii)Alllivingbeingshavethefunctionofbreathingincommonalthoughtheyachieveitindifferentways224xix)Livingbeingsgettheirfoodindifferentways 226xx)Howbloodcirculatesinthebodiesofalllivingbeings 228xxi)lewayinwhichthesensesareformedinlivingbeings 230xxii)Howthebonesandjointsaredesigned 232xxiii)Thereasonwhybloodc10ts 232xxiv)Thesensoryantennaeofmosquitoes 233xxv)Creatureswhichflashinthedarkness 234xxvi)Thedigestiveprocessinanimals 234xvii)Formationoftheembryo 235xviii) rmationoftheear 236xxix)Filariaeworms 236xxx)Themagnetismoftheearth 238xxxi)Thesizedimensionsandorbitofheavenlybodies 2382-KNOWINGALLAHTHROUGHTHETEXTSOFTHEQURANANDSUNNAH 240TheDivineNamesandAtbutes 2401)leExtenttoWhichtheHumanMindcanComprehendtheAtibutesofAllah 2402)SummaryoftheAtibutesWhichareMentionedintheTexts 241 12. 12 Contentsi)Allahhasanessence(dhaat) 241ii)HisSelf" 242iii)leFaceof0 LordtheExalted 245THEEFFECTSOFBELIEFINTHEFACEOFALLAH 246a)SeekingtheFaceofAllahthroughrighteousdeeds 246b)SeekingrefugebytheFaceofAllahtheExalted 247c)RespondingtoeonewhoasksofyouforthesakeofAllah 248d)HopingtoseetheFaceofAllah 249TheveilofHisFace 251iv)AllahhastwoHands 252GlorifingAllahbymentioningHisHands 252AllahspreadsHisHands 253ThingswhichtheAll-MercifulhascreatedwithHisHands253ThegreatnessoftheHandsoftheLord 257BothofHisHandsareRightHands 258v)TheFingersoftheMostMerciful 258vi)WhathasbeenmentionedconcemingHisFoot 259vii)AllahtheExaltedhasaShin 261viii)HisrisingovertheThrone 262ThegreatsizeoftheThrone 264AllahpraisesHimselfbymentioningHisrisingovertheThroneandbydec1aringthatHeistheLordoftheThrone 265ThemeaningofHisrisingovererrone(istiwaa) 267ix)WhereisAllah? 269 13. BeliefinAllah 13ThemeaningofHisbeinginheaven 271Extensiveevidence 273HisbeingAll-Highdoesnotco adictHisbeingc10se 276x)Thelaughof0 LordtheExalted 276xi)xii)DescendingandComingoftheExalted 279xiii)ThespeechofAllah 280Allahsspeechisnotlimitedorrescted 285TheQuranistrulytheWordofAllah 286xiv)TheloveofAllah 288xv)xvi)Allahsha dandanger 290xvii)SeeingAllah 292xviii)leKnowledgeofAllah 296HisKnowledgeencompassesgeneralitiesandminordetails296xix)xx)HisLifeSustainmentandEtemity 299AllahtheExaltedmentionsthesetwoNamestogether 300TheperfectionofHisLifeandSustainment 301GlorifyingAllahbymentioningHisLifeandSustainment301xxi)xxii)Hishearingandsight 302TheGrealessofAllahshearingandsight 303ThemushrikeenignoranceofhowfarthehearingofAllahextends 3053 THEBEAUTIFULNAfESOFALLAH 3051)TheNumberofHisNames 3062)DefiningtheNamesofAllah 3083)leGreatestName 313 14. iJO~Whatsoever isintheheavensandwhatsoeverisontheearthglorifiesAllahtheKing[ofeverything]theHolyeAll-MightytheAll-Wise.T (Qwan62:1)4@442L4 iLe4ii 4~In aseatofuth[i.e.P adise]ne theOmnipotentKing.t (Quran54:55)Allah()hasalsodescribedsomeofHiscreatedbeingsaspossessmgsovereignty: ---hilij~~ ~And e king[ofEgypt]said:Verily1saw[inadream]sevenfatcows...t (Quran12:43)4@...:}195fJfJ6 354. 354 DefinitionofAllahandConnectingHearts m~And thekingsaid:Bringhimtome...~(Qurn12:50)11!iji 2iit...~...Therewasakingbehindthemwhoseizedeveryshipbyforce) (Quran18:79) ...h jfUJj.;&fd~...You givethekingdomtowhomYouwil1 andYoutakethekingdomomwhomYouwi11..)(Qurn3:26)UndoubtedlyAllahpossesses eSovereigntyinamannerwhichbefitsHisPerfectionandMajestywhilstHiscreatedbeingspossesssovereigntyinamannerthatissuitedtotheirtransientnareimperfectionandneedforAllah.v)vi)TheattributesofcompellingpowerandprideAllahdescribesHimselfasbeingtheCompeller(AI-Jabbaar)andMostGreat(AI-Mutakabbir):...2136JTLJf~...The All-Mighty1-Azeez]the Compeller1-Jabbaar]theSupreme[AI-Mutakabbir]..)(Quran59:23).AndHe()hasdescribedsomeofHiscrea resasbeingso@AJJ=~~ ~iGr... ~...ThusdoesAllahsealuptheheartofeveryaogant(mutakabbir)tyrant(jabbaar)) (Quran40:3 @LLAL41UL 355. BeliefinAllah 355~And whenyouseize[somebody]seizeyou[him]astyran 0bbaareen)?.) (!~r an26:130)@ a:d2J dJ3...4IstherenotinHellanabodeforthearrogant(mutakabbireen)? (Quran39:60) 44 =~LE ~And they[theMessengers]soughtvictoryandhe1p[omtheirLord(Allah)]andeveryobstinatearrogantdictatorUabbaar][whorefusestobe1ieveineOnenessofAllah] was brought to a comp1ete 10ss anddestruction.) (Quran14:1Undoubted1ythena reoftheseatibutesinthecaseoftheCreatorisdierentomthatinthecaseofHiscreatedbeingsjustastheessenceoftheCreatorisdifIerentomtheessenceofHiscreatedbeings.vu)Theattributeofmight(AI.Izzah)Allah()describesHimse1faspossessingmight(Al-]zzah): 1LLJ4fLi---~...Tru1yAllahisAll-Mighty[Al-Azeez]All-Wise.)(Qur.n2:220) ylafd1 35L4LfF~Or havetheythetreasuresoftheMercyofyourLordeAll-Mighty[AAzeez]theRea1Bestower?(Quran38:9)AndAllah()hasdescribedsomeofHiscreatedbeingsasa1sopossessingtheatibuteofmight: 356. 356 D:nition01AllahndConnec/ingHe!rls10Him~ G>>...J.;J :p j~ "~...ThewifeofAlAzeezsaid..) (Qurn12:51)~>(46J... ~...Andheoverpoweredme[azzani]inspeech.(Quran38:23)Andthetwoexamplesarementionedtogetherintheayah:@...:4;iU("~...Buthonourpowerandglory[izzah]belongtoAllahand to His Messenger [Muhammad]and to thebelievers..) (Quran63:UndoubtedlytheseatibutesasascribedtotheCreatoraredirentomtheseatibutesasascribedtoHiscreatedbeingsjustastheessenceoftheCreatordi rsfromtheessenceofHiscreadbeings.viu)Theattributeofsength(Al.Quwwah)Allah()describesHimselfaspossessingtheatibuteofs g:AAbfA43i@ A4j ~~~)t @(f~I seeknotanyprovisionomthem[i.e.provisionforthemselvesorforMycrea res]nordo1askthattheyshouldfeedMe[i.e.feedthemselvesorMycreares].VerilyAllahistheAll-ProviderOwnerofPowertheMostSong) ~ran 51:57-58)~~ JJJ4144;; (SJ44J (..VerilyAllahwi11helpthosewhohelpHis[Cause].TrulyAllahisAll-SongAll-Mighty)(Quran22:40) 357. BeliefinAllah 357AndAllah()describessomeofHiscreaturesasbeing ongasHesays:@;)j~ ~:; ~;;__;~...Andaddsength toyo strength...~ (Quran11:52)j; ~J . @...A3~Allah isHeWhocreatedyouin[asteot]weaknessthengaveyousengthafterweaknessthenafterSengthgave[you]weness..) (Quran30:54)Andbothexamplesarementionedtogetherintheaayh(verse):113 ~ 44fd 4t:C 561233J4~ ~jl fdu@~As forAadleywerearrogantinthelandwithoutrightandeysaid: Whoismightierthanusinsength?SeetheynotthatAllahWhocreatedthemwasmightierinsengththanthem.AndtheyusedtodenyOur Aayat [proofsevidencesverseslessonsrevelationsetc.]!~ (Quran41.lTheattributesconcerningwhichthescholarsofkalaamdifferedThentheShaykhdiscussestheatibutesconcemingwhichthescholarsofkalaamdifferedastowhethertheyareatafaalorfaatmana.WhattheShaykhconfirmedwasattheyareSifaatmaaanipartoftheessenceofAllah.Theseatibutesinc1udethefollowing: 358. 358 Definition01AllahandConnectingHeartstoHim u)Theattributesofkindness(Ar..Rafah)andmercy(Ar-Ramah)AllahhasdescribedHimselfasbeingKindandMerciful:@Ja...~...TrulyyourLordisfullofkindnessMostMerciful)(Quran16:7)AndHe()hasdescribedsomeofHiscreatedbeingsinsimilarterms.HedescribedourProphet()asfollows: A43thf: .i3321r ) ~Verily there has come unto you a Messenger[Muhammad] om amongst yourselves. It grieveshimthatyoushouldreceiveanyinjuryordifficulty.He[Muhammad]isanxiousoveryou;forthebelievers[heis]fullofpitykindandmerciful) (Quran9:12)TheattributeofForbearance(AI-Ifilm)Allah()hasdescribedHimselfasForbearing.Hesays:@iJW2pj~Truly Hewi11makethementeranen cewithwhichtheyshallbewell-pleasedandverilyAllahindeedisAll-KnowingMostForbearing.) (Quran22:59)~ ~ i45iLf ~~ti@~...AndknowthatAllahknowswhatisinyourmindssofearHim.AndknowatAllahisOft-ForgivingMostForbearing) (Quran2:235) 359. BeUfinAllah :iif L: 3~ j~~~Kind wordsandforgivingoffaultsarebetterthan$adaqah[charity]followedbyinjury.AndAllahisRich[Freeofallneeds]andHeisMost-Forbearing.}l(Quran2:263)359AndHe()describessomeofHiscreatedbeingsasforbearing: AA~So Wegavehimthegladtidingsofaforbearingboy.}l(Qur!n37:101) 14Liftlsl.-~...Verily IbraaheemwasAWl h[onewhoinvokesAllahwithhumilityglorifiesHimandremembersHimmuch]andwrbearing.~ uran9:114)iv)Theattributeofforgiveness:Allah()describesHimselfasforgiving:J ~ sl...~...Truly AllahisOft-ForgivingMostMercifu1.~(Quran2:173)4 ...2kh;J q AU~...ThenHeforgiveswhomHewi11sandpunisheswhomHewi11s..Jl (Quran2:28AndHe()describessomeofHiscreatedbeingsasforgiving:4@4N44JA4aJLJLJoj_J 360. 360 Definition01AllahandConnectingHeytsHim~And verilywhosoevershowspatienceandforgivesthatwouldtrulybeomthethingsrecommendedbyAllah) (Quran42:43)@...f63 3~Kind wordsandforgivingoful.)(Quran2:263)(jd 44h" A~Say [0Muhammad]tothebelieverstoforgivethosewho[harmthemand]hopenotfortheDaysofAllah[i.e.HisRecompense]..) (Quran45:14)UndoubtedlytheseatibutesasascribedtotheCreatoroftheheavensandtheearthareueinamannerthatisbefittingtoHisPerfectionandMestyanditisnotpermissibledenyanyofthemforfearoftashbeehorlikeningAllahtoHiscreation.AndtheseatibutesasappliedtoHiscreationare einamannerthatsuitsth lsientsteimperfectionandneedforAllah.ThesituationofthosewhodenytheattributesofPerfectionandMajestyAftertheShaykhdiscussedtheshortcomingsinthemethodologyusedbythescholarsofkalaam(scholasticism)andexplainedindetailtheQuranicmethodologyofithwhichshowstherightapproachandlightsthewayheconcludesbysaying:latevermaybethecaseitisnotpermissibleforanyonetoybetooc1everconcerlinganyatibutethatAllahhasaffirmedforHimselfandtodenythisatbuteoutofinsolencetowardtheLordoftheheavensandtheearthc1aimingthatthisatibutewithwhichAllahhaspraisedHimselfdoesnotbefitHimsohedeniesitthenheproduceshisownmade-upatibutesofperfection.Thisisutter 361. .....-BeliefinAllah 361EEtmadnessanddelusionwhichnoonewouldsuggestexceptthosewhoseeyesAllahhassealed."Theattributeofistiwaa(risingabovetheThrone)isanattributeofperfectionnotimperfection1nordertoillusatetheseriousnessoftheoffencecommittedbythescholarsofkalaamagainsttheatibutesoftheCreatorShaykhAsh-Shanqeeti(mayAllahhavemercyonhim)gavetheexampleofoneofthegreatestatibutesistiwaa(risingabovetheITone).Hesaid:Thisistheatbuteofistiwaconcemingwhichpeoplehaveindulgedintoomanyarguments.Manypeoplehavedenieditonthebasisofphilosophyandlogicandargumentativeevidenceaimedatprovingthetruthtobefalseandthefalsetobeue.ThousandsofthosewhoclaimtobeMuslimshavehadtheaudacitytodenythisatibuteoftheLordoftheheavensandtheearthonthebasisof1ogic.Forexampletheysay:1fHehadrisenaboveHisThronethenHewouldbelikeHiscreationinsomewaybutHeisnotlikeHiscreationthereforHedidnotriseaboveHisThrone.ThisisafalseconclusionbecauseitisclearlyconarytotheQuran.TheShaykh(mayAllahhavemercyonhim)explainedthattheatibuteofistiwaaisanatibuteofPerfectionandMajestybywhichtheLordoftheheavensandtheearthpraisesHimself.TheproofthatitisanatibuteofPerfectionandMajestyisthatwheneveritismentionedintheQuranitisinthecontextofothergreatatibuteswhichindicatetheMestyandPerfectionofAllah.Thenhequotesthetextsinwhichthisatibuteismentionedinordertoprovethatwhatheissayingiscorrect.1)Thefirstsoorah(chapter)accordingtotheorderinwhichthesoorahs(chapters)appearinwhichAllahmentionstheatibuteofistiwisSoorahal-Araaf whereHe()says: 362. 34133144411ji--J362 Definition01AllahandConnectingHearts10Him1 ~ J..::t.}J f ~ ->~ Ji iir;;.3IJ~:Jf ~ ~;l 1QIJ1 54j124144 j54~Indeed yourLordisAllahWhocreatedtheheavensandtheearthinSixDaysandthenHeroseover[Istawaa]theThrone[reallyinamannerthatsuitsHisMesty].Hebringsthenightasacoveroverthedayseekingitrapidlyand[Hecreated]thesunthemoonthes ssubjectedtoHisCommand.SurelyHisisthecreationandcommandment.BlessedisAllahtheLordoftheAalameen[mankindjinnandallatexists]!(Quran7:54)Sohowcananyonedenyanyofthesea ibuteswhichpoint HisMajestyandPerfection?2)ThesecondplaceisinSoorahYoonuswhereAllah()says: 1P 43.IiLd LL4J=4;;iLMG3l112342lAfLZ JAL fbi&:~~J 4311% ; ~J ;;. ;iJ33L1534u3fl-24!443b= J4lG~;(.. JLlJf djfJL -414lJlJL46jt;.Ii3i~f ~ .111~ ~~~ -1- dd1J~Surely yourLordisAllahWhocreatedtheheavensandtheearthinsixDaysandthenroseover[Istawaa]theThrone[reallyinamannerthatsuitsHisMajesty] 363. BeliefinAllahdisposingtheaffairofallthings.Nointercessor[canpleadwithHim]exceptafterHisLeave.ThatisAllahyourLord;soworshipHim[Alone].Thenwillyounotremember?ToHimiserernofallofyou.ThePromiseofAllahisue.ItisHeWhobeginsthecreationandthenwillrepeatitthatHemayrewardwithjusticethosewhobelievedanddiddeedsofrighteousness.Butthosewhodisbelievedwillhaveadrinkofboilingf1uidsandpain1tormentbecauseeyusedtodisbelieve.ItisHeWhomadethesunashiningthingandemoonasalightandmeasuredoutforitsgesatyoumightknowthenumberofye sandthereckoning.Allahdidnotcreatethisbutintruth.HeexplainstheAayaatindetailfor people who have knowledge. Verilyin thealtemationofthenightandthedayandinallthatAllahhascreatedintheheavensandtheearthareAayaatforthosepeoplewhokeepeirdutytoAllahandfearHimmuch.~ (Qurn10:36)363Sohowcananyonedenyanyofthesea ibuteswhichpointtoHisMestyandPerfection?3)ThethirdplaceisinSoorahar-RadwhereAllah()says:1jbQ1phy1L41 ~ :;:-; UJ~;... J:;.:JI;;:i.li / . " 15jLJJdldAJ6JAJ14UW4LifdZM ;S~.~ j igaidNV@J~1)_ j:J3JJd.ddaGJT44Jfd~( 364. 364 Definition01AllahandConnectingHeartstoHim~Al1ah isHeWhoraisedtheheavenswithoutanypi11arsthatyoucansee.ThenHeroseabove[1stwaa]theThrone[real1yinamannerthatsuitsHisMajesty].Hehassubjectedthesunandthemoon[tocontinuegoinground]eachrunning[itscourse]foratermappointed.Hemanagesandregulatesal1affairs;HeexplainstheAayaat [proofsevidencesverseslessonssignsrevelationsetc.]indetailthatyoumaybelievewithcertaintyintheMeetingwithyourLord.AnditisHeWhospreadouttheearthandplacedthereinfirmmountainsandriversandofeverykindoffruitsHemadeZawjaynlthnayn[twoinpairs-maymeantwokindsoritmaymean:oftwovarietiese.g.blackandwhitesweetandsoursmal1andbig].Hebringsthenightasacoverovertheday.VerilyinthesethingsthereareAayaat[proofsevidenceslessonssignsetc.] forpeoplewhoret1ect.Andintheearthareneighbouringtractsandgardensofvinesandgreencrops[fields]anddatepalmsgrowingintotwoorthreeomasinglestemrootorotherwise[onestemrootforeverypalm]wateredwiththesamewater;yetsomeofthemWemakemoreexcel1entthanotherstoeat.VerilyinthesethingsthereareAryaat[proofsevidenceslessonssigns]forthepeoplewhounderstand.) (Quran13:24)SohowcananyonedenyanyoftheseatibuteswhichpointHisMajestyandPerfection?4)Thefo thplaceisinSoorahTa-Ha:344i:_;li.!l UJt::ii~l r l~ f 4U@ju:ujddffduj14U 365. BeliefinAUh~1@:1; _5.;Ii(@jj~ JL ;_Ha.127WehavenotsentdowntheQuranuntoyou[0Muhammad]tocauseyoudisessbutonlyasaRemindertothosewhofear[Allah].ARevelationomHim [Allah] Who has createdthe earth andhighheavens.TheMostGracious[Allah]roseover[Istawa]the 1i] Throne [in amanner suits HisMajesty].ToHimbelongsallthatisintheheavensandallatisontheearthandallthatisbetweenthemandallthatisunderthesoil.Andifyou[0Muhammad]speak[theinvocation]aloudthenverilyHeknowsthesecretandthatwhichisyetmorehidden.Allah!LailaahillaHuw[nonehaserighttobeworshippedbutHe]!ToHimbelongtheBestNames.;(Qurn20:1-8)365SohowcananyonedenyanyoftheseatibuteswhichpointtoHisMestyandPerfection?5)ThefifthplaceisinSoorahal-FurqaanwhereAllah()says:;j ~ dJ(LP j sL4i:5Ld@ ~:!~ JiJi1;3~Andputyo trust [0MlammaintheEverLivingOne Who dies notand glori His PraisesandSufficientisHeastheAll-KnowerofthesinsofHisslavesWhocreatedtheheavensandtheearthandallatisbetweentheminsixDays.ThenHeroseover127 TheselettersareoneofthemiraclesoftheQuranandnonebutAUah(Alone)knowstheirmeanings. 366. De.finitionofAllahandConnectingHeartsHim366ed4P133ffjj[lstawa]theThrone[inamannerthatsuitsHisMesty].TheMostGracious[Allah]!AskHim[0ProphetMuhammadconcemingHisQualities:HisrisingoverHisThroneHiscreations]asHeisAl-Khabeer[TheAll-Knowerofeverythingi.e.Allah])(Quran25:58-59)SohowcananyonedenyanyoftheseatibuteswhichpointtoHisMajestyandPerfection?6)ThesixthplaceisinSoorahas-SajdahwhereAllah()says:pJ4126J;41AJLLS14j tf(13433ij dd(ii13-a;56j~ fGJ3j12 @453JJ 1 LiJ @ l Jf431lLJ2444iZ.3J(sJ2Jt;Ji(Sij(;dJ L2@ :( 1611Le-::.1 MgJ @MF3~ ~:tit.j~ ~Or saythey:He[Muhammad)hasfabricatedit?NayitiseuthomyourLordsothatyoumaywamapeopletowhomnowamerhascomebeforeyou[0Muhammad]inorderthateymaybeguided.AllahisHeWhohascreatedtheheavensandtheearthandallthatisbetweentheminsixDays.ThenHeroseover[1stwaa] theThrone [inamannerthatsuits HisMajesty].You[mankind]havenonebesidesHimasaWali[protectororhelper]oranintercessor.Wi11younotthenremember[orreceiveadmonition]?Hemanagesandregulates[every]affairomtheheavenstothe 367. BeliefinAllah 367earth;thenit[aair]willgouptoHiminoneDaythespacewhereofisathousandye Sofyourreckoning[i.e.reckoningofourpresentworldstime].ThatisHetheAll-KnoweroftheunseenandtheseentheAll-MightytheMostMerciful.WhomadeeverythingHehascreatedgoodandHebeganthecreationofmanomc1ay.ThenHemadehis0springfromsemenofdespisedwater[maleandfemalesexualdischarge].ThenHefashionedhimindueproportionandbreathedintohimthesoul[createdbyAllahforatperson];andHegaveyouhearing[ears]sight[eyes]andhe ts.Lileisthethanksyougive!~ (Quran32:3Sohowcananyonedenyanyofthesea ibuteswhichpointtoHisMajestyandPerfection?7)TheseventhplaceisinSoorahal-~deed whereAllah()says:lS~ ;.(t) ~Qr; ~Ir;%466U fJ46411i(LG~ JjJhg" ~~ d1~( ;22~He istheFirst[nothingisbeforeHim]andtheLast[nothingisafterHim]theMostHigh[nothingisaboveHim]andtheMostNear[nothingisnearerthanHim].AndHeistheAll-Knowerofeverything.HeitisWhocreatedtheheavensandtheearthinsixDaysandthenroseover[Istawaa]theThrone[inamannerthatsuitsHisMajesty].Heknowswhatgoesintotheearthandwhatcomesforthomitandwhatdescendsfromtheheavenandwhatascendsthereto.AndHeiswithyou[byHisKnowledge]wheresoeveryoumaybe.AndAllahistheAll-Seerofwhatyoudo)(Quran57:34) 368. 368 Dinition01AUahandConnecti HeartstoHimThepointisthattheseatibutes- whichtheignorantinkareattributesofimperfection- anddaretoc1aimthattheLordoftheheavensandtheearthatibutedtoHimselfatibutesofimperfection dasaresultofthattheydenythemormisinterpretthem emfactmentionedinthecontextofpraisingAllah.Hehasmentionedtheminthecontextofothera ibutesofMestyandPerfection.lisindicatestheignoranceandconfusionofthosewhoYtodenytheatibutesofAllahbymisinterpretingthem."6-IMPORTANTPRINCIPLESCONCERNINGTHENAMESANDATTRIBUTESOFALLAHThereareanumberofimportantprinciplesandmainpointstowhichthescholarsdrawattentiontowewouldliketoquoteinbriefbelow.TheFirstPrinciple:WhatissaidaboutsomeAttributesappliestoallotherAttributestoo128Bymeansofthisprincipletheviewofmanygroupsmayberefuted:a)ThosewhoaffirmsomeattributesanddenyothersTheyaffrrmthatAllah() haslifeknowledgepowerhearingseeingspeechandawi11.Theyregardtheseasueatibutes.ButtheydisputeconcemingAllahslovepleasureangerandhaedandregardthemasmetaphoricalortheyinterpretthemasbeingaspectsofHiswi11 orasblessingsandpunishments.Itshouldbesaidtothesepeople:thereisnodierencebetweenwhatyouaffirmandwhatyoudeny;whatissaidconcemingoneofthemalsoappliestotheothers.IfyousaythatHislifeandknowledgearelikethelifeandknowledgeofHiscreatedbeingsthenyoumustsaythesameaboutHispleasureloveandanger.128Majmooal-Fatam Shaykhal-Islam3/17. 369. BeliefinAllah 369IfyousayatHehaslifeknowledgeandawillinamannerthatbefitsHimandthatdonotresemblethelivesknowledgeandwi11sofHiscreatedbeingsthenyoumustalsosaythesamewithregardtoHispleasureloveandanger.Ifyousaythatangermeansthatthebloodintheheartisboilingwiththedesireforrevengeitmustalsobesaidthatthewi11istheheartsdesiretogetsomethinggoodorwardoffsomethingbad.Ifyousayatisisthewi11ofthecreatedbeingwesaythatisistheangerofthecreatedbeing.b)ThosewhoaffirmtheNamesbutdenytheAttributesTheysaythatHe() isalivewithoutlifeAll-Knowingwithoutknowledgeandsoon.ItshouldbesaidtothesepeoplethereisnodierencebetweenaffirmingHisNamesandaffirmingHisAtibutes.IfyousaythataffirminglifeknowledgeandpowerimplieslikeningAllahtoHiscreation(tashbeeh)orthinkingofHiminphysicalterms(tajseem)-becausewedonotfindanythingthathasatibutesatisnotphysical-wesayinresponse:thesameappliestoHisNamesforwedonotfindanythingatiscalledaliveknowledgeableorpowe11butitisphysical.IfthisisthecasethenyoushoulddenythenamesofAllahtoo.IftheysaythatthesenamesbefitHisPerfectionandMestywesaythesameappliestoHisAtibutes.c)ThosewhodenyboththeNamesandtheAttributesTheyc1aimthattheydenythemsothattheywi11notlikenAllahtoHiscreation.Itshouldbesaidtothem:youdenyHisknowledgeandlifejustasyoudenyatHeisAll-KnowingandAliveforfearoflikeningHimtoHiscreatedbeingsbuttheimplicationofyourideasisthatyouarethinkingofAllahintermsofnon-existence. 370. 370 D:nition01AllahndConnectingHeartstoHimF2112142YPAJ33t1211TheSecondPrinciple:129SpeakingabouttheAttributesislikespeakingabouttheEssenceofAllahAllah() hasanEssencewhichdoesnotresembletheessencesofHiscreatedbeings.BythesametokenHisatibutesandactionsdonotresembletheessenceandactionsofHiscreatedbeings.lereforeifsomeoneaffirmsthatAllahisaprovenrealitywiththeatibutesofperfectionwhichareunmatchedbyanythingelsethenheshouldacceptthatHishearingseeingandspeechwhicharealsoproventoberealdonotresemblethehearingseeingandspeechofHiscreatedbeings.Ifsomeoneweretosay:1denythatAllahroseoverHisThronerfearoflikeningAllahtoHiscreatedbeingsitshouldbesaidtohimDenytheexistenceandessenceofAllahthenbecausetheyalsoimplylikeningAllahtoHiscreatedbeings.IfhesaysAllahexistsinauniquemam andHehasauniqueEssencethatdoesnotresembletheessenceofHiscreatedbeingsthenwesay:thesameappliestoHisdescendingandHisrisingaboveHisThrone(istiwa).TheThirdPrinciple:TheFactthatnamesmaybethesamedoesnotimplythatthethingssonamedarethesameWeknowthatwhatAllah() hastoldusaboutthemilkhoneyandwineinParadiseisuethatthesearerealthingswhichhappentohavethesamenamesasthingsthatexistinthiswor1dbuttheyarenotlikethem.Thedifferencebetweenthemandtheirearthlycounte tsisknownonlytoAllah.ThedierencebetweentheCreatorandHiscreatedbeingsisfargreaterthanthedifferencebetweenonecreatedthingandanother.Indeedinthisworldanumberofthingsmaybegiventhesamenamebuteachofthemhas;7129Majmooa[.FataawaShaykhal-lslam3/25. 371. BelifinAllah 371itsownnature.Wemaysayforexamplethelegofacamelthelegofajourneyandthelegofaman;thelegineachofthesereephr eshasitsownmeaning.TheFourthPrinciple:AllahcannotbedescribedonlyintermsofnegationAllah() hasa rmedcertainNamesandAtibutesforHimselfandhasdeniedcertainnamesandatibutesforHimself.lIsaffirmationanddenialofnamesandatibutesisbothgeneralandspecific.ThegeneralaffmnationoccursinthecontextofgeneralpraiseascribedtoAllahasindicatedintheaayaat:~(144A 4j1 ~All thepraisesandthanksbetoAllahtheLordofthe lameen[mankindjinnandallatexists].~(Qurn1:2)@...UjiLRAJ~...And forAllahisthehighestdescription..)(Qurn16:60)ThedetailedaffirmationdealswitheverynameoratibutenarratedintheQuranandSunnah.legeneralnegationdenieseveryfaultorshortcomingatcouldde ctfromtheperfectionofAllahaswhenHe()says: ...fJZJ....ThereisnothinglikeHim;..) (Quran42:1...~...Do youknowofanywhoissimilartoHim?~(Quran19:65) 372. 372 Definition01AllahandConnectingHeartsHimbespecificnegationmeansdec1aringthatAllahisfaraboveeachandeveryoneoftheseultsandshortcomings.SoAllahshouldbedec1aredtobeabovehavingafatherasonapa lerawifeorarivalandabovebeingignorantslumberingsleepingdoingthingsfornopuoseetc.ButtheQuranicmethodofnegatingisnottodenyanythinginabsoluteterms.SotheQurandoesnotdenythatAllahhasanyshortcomingsexceptinthecontextofpraisingHimandmentioningHisperfection.Itdoesnotdenyanythingabsolutelyassomeofthesegroupsdo.130Allah() says:~Allah! LaailaahillaHuwa[nonehastherighttobeworshippedbutHe]Allfa.Jul-Qa.Joom [theEverLivingtheOneWhosustainsandprotectsallthatexists].NeitherslumbernorsleepovertakesHim.ToHimbelongswhateverisintheheavensandwhateverisontheearth.WhoishethatcanintercedewithHimexceptwithHisPermission?Heknowswhathappenstothem[Hiscreatures]inthiswor1dandwhatwi11happentothemintheHereafter.Andtheywi11nevercompassanythingofHisKnowledgeexceptthatwhichHewi11s.HisKursiyextendsovertheheavensandtheearthandHefeelsnofatigueinmrdingandpreservingthem...~(Quran2:255)130E.g.Al-JahamiyahalMalJ4ah.SeeMGmooal-Fataawa3/39. 373. BeU(inAllah 373HereAllah() deniesthatHeslumbersorsleepsbutthedenialofthesetwoimpliesthearmationofHislifeandself-sustainment.OneaspectoftheperfectnatureofHislifeisthatHeisnotovertakenbyslumber(whichisthebeginningofsleep)orsleep.Thephrase~...And Hefeelsnofatigueinguardingandpreservingthem..)(Quran2:255)impliestheperfectionofHispowerforthemeaningisthatitdoesnottireHimoutorweighHimdown.A similarexampleistheaayah:~(tU;t.J ~ i~ af JJ;lJilifi;4434i..~...Not eventheweightofanatom[orasmallant]orlessthanthatorgreaterescapesHisKnowledgeintheheavensorintheearth..) (Quran34:3).ThedenialthatanythingmayescapeHisknowledgeimpliesthatHetheExaltedAll-Knowerknowseveryatom(orsmallant)intheheavensandonearth.AndAllah() says:JA18.6324... 450. 450 ConceptsofGodamongtheMisguidedNations~..Al1faqq [etruthi.e. the QuranandAl1ahsRevelation]hascomeandA/-Baatil[lsehoodIb/ees(Sa)] can neither create anung nor resurrect[anything].~ (Quran34:4.Theidolsfel1ontheirheadsthenheissuedordersthattheyshouldbetakenoutofthemosqueandburned.Somethingsimi1arisnarratedin$alJeelJayn(BukhariandMuslim)omIbnMasoodbuthedidnotsaythattheyfel1ontheirheads...etc.Accordingtoereportsin$alJeelJaynhestruckthemwithastickthatwasinhishand.TheworshipofidolsspreaduntileveryhouseinMakkahhadanidolwhichwasworshippedbythehousehold.Whenanyonewantedtotravelthefrrstthinghewoulddowouldbetotouchtheidolthenwipehishandonhimself(forblessing).Whenhewouldcomebackomhisjourneythiswouldagainbethefirstthingthathewoulddo.nIs]J.aaqalKalbisaid:Dhu/-Kha/a h[anidol]belongedDawsKhathamandBeelahandtheArabswholivedintheirland.Itwasawhitestonecarvedwiththeimageofacrownandithadahouse(shrine).TheMessengerofAl1ah()saidtoJareeribnAbdullahal-BaliWi11youdealwithDhul-Kha/a~ah? Sohewenttoitwith(peopleOm theibeof)A]J.mas;KhathamandBaahilah fought himbut he defeated them andde oyedthehouseofDhul-Kha/a~ah andlitafirein"AccordingtoBukhariandMuslimitisnarrated JareeribnAbdullahsaid:leMessengerofAllah()saidtomeWi11youdealwithDhu/-Kha/a h?"Therewasahousein(thelandof)KhathamwhichwascalledtheYemeniKabah.So1setoutforDhu/-Kha/sahwithonehundredandyhorsemenfromA .1said0 451. Be/ifinAllah 451MessengerofAllah!1cannotrideahorsewell."Hestruckhishandagainstmychestsohardat1couldseethemarksofhis1gersonmychestandsaid0Allah!makehimsteadstandmakehim idedandaguidetoothers."Thenhewentereanddestroyedit[Dhu1-Khala h].TheDeepDarknessattheTimewhentheProphet)wassentBeforetheMessenger()cametherewasnothingleftoftheheavenlylightwhichtheProphetshadbroughtexceptthefaintestglowwhichwasnotenoughtoguidepeopleortoshowemewayrevealedbyAllah() becausethatwayhadbeenlostandmixedwithsomuchIsehood.ItsaysinahadithatAllahlookedatepeopleofthee th-beforetheProphetwassent-andHehatedthemArabsandnon-ArabsalikeexceptforwhatwasleftofthePeopleoftheBook."HistoricaltextshavepreservedforusthestoriesoffourwisemenofQurayshwhowidrewomthepeopleduringoneofthefestivalsofQurayshcelebratingoneoftheiridols.TheywereWaraqahibnNawfalUbaydullahibnJaQ.shUm nibnal-I:IuwayrithibnAsadibnAbdal-UzzaaandZaydibnAmribnNufayl.TheysaidtooneanoerYouknowbyAllahatyo people enotfollowinganything(any e andtheyhavedeviatedfromthereligionoftheirerIbraaheem(Abraham).Whatisthisstonethatwecircumambulatewhichcanneitherhearnorseeandcanneiercauseharmnorbringbenefits?0people!ndyourselvesareligionforyouarenotfollowinganything."Sotheysplitupandavelledtodifferentlandsseekingthereligionofraaheem.WaraqahibnNawfalfollowedtheChristiansandlearnedabouttheirbooksfrom scholarsuntilhegainedsomeknowledgeomePeopleoftheBook. 452. 452 ConceptsofGodamongtheMisguidedNationsUbaydullahibnJal)shremainedinhisstateofconfusionuntilhebecameaMuslimthenhemigratedwiththeMuslimstoAbyssiniawithhisMuslimwifeUmmI:IabeebahbintAbiSuaan.WhenhereachedAbyssiniahebecameaChristianandleftIslam.HediedasaChristian.Uthmaanibnal-I:IuwayrithwenttoCaesar(Qayr)theruleroftheRomansandbecameaChristianandwasheldinhighesteembyCaesar.ZayddidneitherbecomeaJewnoraChristian.Helefthispeopleandshunnedidols.Heavoideddeadmeatbloodandthemeatofanimalsthathadbeensacrificedtoidols.Hespokeoutagainstthepracticeofburyinginntgirlsalive;hesaid1worshiptheLordofIbraaheem(Abraham)";andhestartedtocriticizehispeoplefortheirways.BukharinarratedomAbdullahibnUmar(mayAllahbepleasedwiththemboth)thattheProphet()metZaydibnAmribnNuylatthebottomofBaldah(avalleytothewestofMakkah)beforetheRevelationcametotheProphet.Somefoodwas0 redtotheProphetbutherefusedtoeatit.ThenZaydsaid:1donoteatomwhathasbeensacrificedonyo stonealtars;1onlyeatomthatoverwhichthenameofAllahhasbeenmentioned."ZaydibnAmrusedtocriticizeQurayshfortheirsacrifices.Hesaid:Allahcreatedthesheep;HesentdownwaterforitomheavenandcausedfoodtogrowforitomtheearththenyouslaughteritinanameotherthanthatofAllah"lUShedenouncedthemandpointedouttheenormityoftheiractions.14MoosaibnUqbahsaidSaalimibnAbdullahtoldmeand1donotknowofhimnarratingitfromanyoneexceptIbnUmarthatZaydibnAmribnNufaylwentouttoSyriaaskingaboutareligionhe14Bukhari7/142hadithnO.3826. 453. BeliefinAllah 453couldfollow.HemetaJewscholarandaskedhimabouttheirreligionsayingrit. "HesaidYou cannOtfollowourreligionun lessyoutakeyOUshareofthewrathofAllah."ZaydsaidTheangerofAllahiswhat1amrunningawayfrom;1canneverbearanythingofthewrathofAllahhowcould1bearit?Canyoutellmeaboutanyotherreligion?"TheJewsaid1donotknowofanyotherreligionexceptbeinga~aneef" ZaydsaidWhatisa~ane" HesaidThereligionofIbraaheem(Abraham).HewasneitheraJewnoraChristianandheworshippednothingbutAllah."ThenZaydwentandmetaChristianscholarandaskedhimabouttheirreligionsayingPerhaps1wi11followyo religion.Tellmeabout"HesaidYoucannotfollowourreligionunlessyoutakeyourshareofthecurseofAllah."ZaydsaidlecurseofAllahiswhat1amrunningawayom;1canneverbearanythingofthecurseandangerofAllahhowcould1bearit?Canyoutellmeaboutanyotherreligion?"TheChristiansaid1donotknowofanyotherreligionexceptbeinga~aneef" ZaydsaidWhatisaneefl"HesaidThereligionofIbraaheem.HewasneitheraJewnoraChristian."WhenZaydheardwhattheysaidaboutIbraaheem(;) hewentoutthenheraisedhishandsandsaid0Allahbearwitnessthat1amfollowingthereligionofIbraaheem."15AI-La1said:HishaamibnUrwahwrotetome(narrating)omhistherthatAsmaabintAbiBakr(mayAllahbepleasedwithher)said:1sawZaydibnAmribnNuylstandingleaningbackagainsttheKabahsaying0Quraysh!ByAllahnooneamongyouisfollowingthereligionofIbraaheemexceptme.Heusedto(rescue d)protectgirlswhowereburiedalive.Hewouldsay amanwho15Bukhari7/142hadithno.3827. 454. 454 ConceptsofGodamongtheMisguidedNationswantedtOburyhisdaughteraliveDOnOtki11herIwi11takecareOfher.HewOuldtakethechildandwhenshegrewuphewOuldsaytOherfatherIfyOuwantIwi11givehertOyOuOrifyOuwantIwi11takeC eOfher."16leMessenger()wasaskedabOutisZaydandhesaid:Hewi11begatheredasanatiOnOnhisOwnbetweenmeandEesaibnMaryam."IbnKatheersaid:itsisnadisja_idbasan(gOOdandapprOved).ItisnarratedomAaishah(mayAllahbepleasedwithher)thattheMessenger()said:IenteredParadise dIsawtwOgardensfOrZaydibnAmribnNufay1."nKatheersaidthisisaja_lidisnad(gOOdchainOfansmissiOn).AfterthatintensedarknessAllah() decreedthedawnOfIslamwhOselightshOneupOnthepeOpleandguidedthem.TO Himbepraiseandgrace.16Bukhari7/143hadithno.3828. 455. CNAbulI:Iasanal-Ashari:Al-IbaanahMatbooaatal-Jameyaal-IslamiahMadeenahSaudiArabia.Shaltoot:Al-IslamAqeedahwaShareeah9 ed.DaarAsh-ShurooqCairo1397H11977G.UmarS.al-Ashqar:AsmaaAllahwaSifatuhufiMutaqadAhlas-Sunnahwa1Jamaah2nded.DaaranNafaaisAmmanJordan1414H11994G.Baihaqi:Al-Asmaawa~-Sifaat PhotoprintBeirut.UmarS.alAshqar:A~l al-Itiqaad1sted.Daaran-NafaaisKuwait141OHl1990G.R zi: ItiqadaatFiraqal-MuslimeenDaaral-Kubal-IlmiahBeirut1402H11982G.IbnKatheer:Al-BidayahwanNihaayah2nded.Maktabahal-Maarif Beirut1394H11974G.UmarS.al-Ashqar:TaweelKhutooratuhwaAthaaruhu1sted.DaaranNafaaisAmmanJordan1412H11992G.Qut1ubi:Tqeer(Al-JameyliA~kaam al-Quran)2ndPrint.Daaral-Kutubal-ArabiCa01387H11967G.IbnI:Iaj alAsqalani:Talkhe 1.lfubayrpublishedbyAbdullahHashimal YamaniMadeenahS.A. 1384H11964G.IbnKhuzanah:TaweedMaktabaal-Kull.aatal-AzhariahCairo.Zandani:Taw~eed 1sted.Daaral-Khayr1411H11990G. 456. 456 ReferencesIbnal Atheer:Jameyal-01fiA~adeeth arRasoolEditedbyAbdulQaadiral-ArnaootMaktbahal-lfalwanietal.1389H11969G.Bukhari:KhalqAfaalal-lbaad1sted.Dras-SalafiyahKuwait1405H11985G.Naairuddeenal-Albani:Silsilatal-A~aadeeth a~$a~ee~ah 1sted.Al-Uktabal-lslamiDamascus.IbnHisham:Seeratan-NabawiyahalongwithShar~ byAbuDharal-Khashani1sted.MaktabahalManarJordan1409H/1988G.Muhammad Abil Izz alI:Ianafi: Shara~ alAqeedah at-Ta~aawiyah Al-Maktabal-lslamiBeirut 1391H.Nawawi:Shar~ an-NawawialaMuslimAl-Matbaahal.Mi~riyahwaMaktabatahaCairo.Bukhari: Al-Jam-$a~ee~ with Shar~ Fat~ al-BaariAMatbaahas-SalafiyahwaMaktabaatahaCairo.$a~ee~ al-Jaamey -$agheer1sted.Al.Maktabal-lslamiBeirut.Nairuddeenal-Albani:$a~e Sunan ibnMaajah2ndPrintingMaktabat-Tarbiahal-ArabiliDuwalaKhale Riyadh1408H11988G.AbuDawood:$a~ee~ Sunan1sted.Al-Maktabal-lslamiBeirut1409H11980G.Nlddeen al-Albani: $a~ee~ Sunan at-Tirmidhi1st PrintMaktabat-Tarbiyahal-ArabiliDuwalal Khale Riyadh1408H11988G.Nasaai:$a~ee~ Sunan1sted.Al-Maktabal-lslamiBeirut1409H11988G. 457. BeliefinAllah 457Muslim:Al-Jam -$aJ;eeJ; editedbyMuhammadFuadAbdulBaaqi1sted.DaarIJ;ahal-Kutubal-ArabiahEgypt1375H11956G.IbnI:Iaral-Asqalani:FatJ;al-BaaribiShm$aJ;eeJ;al-BukhariAl-Maktabahas-SalafiyahCairo.Shawkaani:Fa l-Qdeeral-Jam baynaFannayar-RiwayahwadDiraayahtTqeerDaarIJ;iyahat-TorathBeirut.IbnTaymiyah:Al-Fatwahalfamawiyahal-Kubrah4thed.AMaktabahas-SalafiyahCairo1410H.SyedQutb:Fi~ilaal aQuranDaarash-Shurooq1394H11974G.YusufKhayaatandNadeemMarashlee(ed):Lisaanal-Arab1sted.DaarLisaanal-ArabBeirut.Saareeni:Lawameyal-Anwaaral-BahiyahStateofQatar.Ibn Qaasim (ed): Majmoo al Fataawa Shaykh al-lslam ibnTaymah1sted.Govt.ofSaudiArabia1381H.Khateebat-Tabrezi:Mishkaatal-Ma~aabeeJ; 1sted.Al-Maktabal-lslamiDamascus1380H.ShaykhI:Iafi?ibn.AJpnadal-I:Iakami:Marijal-QuboolDaairatal-IftaPublicationsSaudiArabia.Um S.alAshqar:Mutaqadal-EemaanAbi1lfasanal-Ashari1sted.Daaran-Nafaa AmmanJordan1414H11994G.AbulI:Iasanal-Ashi:Maqalaatal-lslamiyeenDaarIJ;iyahat-Toraathal-ArabiBeirut.IbnTaymiyah:MuntaqaminAJ;aadeethal-AJ;kaamAl-Matbaahas-SalafiyahCairo. 458. 458 ReferencesM1 nmadal-Ameenash-Shinqti:Manhq;waDi.rSatliAayaatal-Asmawa~-faat Manshooraat al-Jamah al-lslamiahMadeenah2nded.1388H.Bayhaqi:Al-AsmaawafaatPhotoprintingBeirut.Ibnal-Qayyimm:A~-~>aw i.q alAdh-Dhabi:Mkht~ar 1- UlusummarybyAlAlbaani;Al-Maktabal-lslami2nded.1412H11991C.IbraheemAneesetal:MujamaWaseetDaarI~ya atToraathalArabiBeirut2ndedition.Aqq d:Kitaab-AllahDaaral-HalaalCairo.Shawkaani: Fawaaid al-MajmooahMatbaa as-Sunnah al-Mu~ammdia Cairo.ImamShaafai:Ar-RisalahDaaral-FikrBeirut.Muhammad I:Iasan I:Iama!ji: Na~lah Tasabba~allah Daar ar-RasheedDamascus2nded.1977C.Darimi:Raddad-Daarisee Alaal-MareesiDaaral-Kutubal-llmiyaBeirut.MuhammadKhaleelal-Haras: Shar~ al-AqeedahaWaastiyahManshooraatal-Jaameaal-lslamiaMadeenah4thed.AbuUbaydal-QaasimibnSalaam:EemaaneditedbyAI-AlbaaniintheanthologyunderthenameMinKunoozas-Sunnah-RasaailArb.Al.Matbaaal-UmoomiyahDamascus. 459. YRA03030LGAalameen llTAmalAqaaidAimmahJ.PUP4ttAlihlh TAyt ..:..I..IAbraar JI.J!IAd-Dawb IJ...u1AAleem JIAl-Azeez _;..jAl1Al-Awwal J/ilAz-Zaahir ~1Ahd )~TheWor1ds;theUniverseMankindjinnandal1thatexist.Actiondeeds.Sing.Aqeedah.belieffaithcreed.Sing.Imam.LeadingjuristsandscholarsofIslamlikeImamAbuI:IaneehM likShafiibalBukhariMuslimIbnTayahetc.Sing.Ilaah.gods.Sing.Aayah.VersesoftheQuransigns;proof.Righteouspious.Moving(living)creaturesbeasts.Al1-Knowing;anatibuteofAl1ah.leAlmighty;ana ibuteofAl1ah.TheFirst;anatibuteofAl1ah.TheApparent;anatbuteofAllah.Aterminhadithdisciplineanarrationofhadi byless mutawaatiri.e.bythreetwooronepersonateach/anystageofreporting. 460. 460 GlossaryAhkaam rlS:.>t Sing.lfukm.Ruling;ordainments.Ahlal-Kalaam ~I jAl ScholasticsIslamicphi1osophers.Al/faafi~ ..latl1 TheProtector;anatibuteofAllah;AlsoamanwhomemorizeswholeoftheQuran.AI-Hakeem 1 TheAll-WiseanatibuteofAllah.AI-Hannan .;l:.1 TheCompassionate;anatibuteofAllah.Al-a)ry r~I~1 TheEverliving;theOneWhol-QJYoom sustainsandprotectsallthatexists;anatibuteofAllah.AI-J.bbr JU-I TheCompeller;anatibuteofAllah.AI-Kareem JI TheMostGenerous;anatibuteofAllah.AI-Khaifi4 l TheAbaser;anatibuteofAllah.AI-Khabeer n1 TheAll-Aware;anatibuteofAllah.AI-Lrghw 111 Di"falseevilvaintalkfalsehoodandallthatAllahhasforbidden.AI-L!whal- 1_1J1 TheBookofDecreeswithAllah;Mifoo~ thePreservedTablet.l-Malni ;ll TheWithholderanatibuteofAllah.AI-Malik 4II TheKing;anatibuteofAllah. 461. BeliefinAllah 461Al-Mannaan .;1.:11 TheGracious;anatibuteofAl1ah.Al-Masaakeen ~UI Sing.Miskeen.thePoor.Al-Mumin :r1 TheGiverofsecurity;anatibuteofAl1ah.Al-Mudhill J.llI TheDishonourer;anatibuteofAllah.Al-Muh!min -::+1-1 TheWatcheroverHisCreatures;anatibuteofAllah.Al-Muhsinoon .;":-p1 Sing.Muf;sin.PiousRighteousthegood-doers.Al-Muhsee ~I TheReckoneranatibuteofAllah.Al-Munt im 11 TheAvenger;anatibuteofAllah.Al-Mureed 1 TheOneWhoWills;anatbuteofAllah..Al-Mutkabbir l MostGreattheGreatest;anatibuteofAllah.Al-Muttaqoon Q11 Sing.Muttaqi.ThepiousRighteous.Al-Qabicj ~l leSeizeranatibuteofAllah.Al Qacjaa ;..uJ1J..l..;&Al1 DivineWillandPredestination.wl-QadarAlQadr ;..uJ1 DivinePre-Ordainments.Al-Qadeer .aJ1 TheAbleanatibuteofAllah.AlQuddoos rJ..uJ1 TheHolyanatibuteofAllah.Ar-Rhmaan y-)I TheMostBeneficentanatibuteofAllah. 462. 462 GlossaryAr-RaheemAr-RazzaaqAr-RahmahAsh-ShaheedAs-SaniAs-SalmAs-SameeAwwahAz-ZaariBaheerahBaatilBidaheefFasiqoonFatrah>)1;1:)1J?~I.IJI1)1i~Jl44PJ 4QiJiTheMostMercifulanatibuteofAllah.The All-ProviderSustainer; anatibuteofAllah.TheMercy.TheWitness.TheMakeranatibuteofAllah.TheOneFreeomalldefects;anatibuteofAllah.All-Hearing; atibuteofAllah.OnewhoinvokesAllahwithhumilityglorifiesHimandremembersHimmuch.TheGrower.A she-camelwhoseearwasslit.FalseWrong.Reprehensible innovation inreligionheresy.Weak; also a term in hadithdiscipline foranarrationwhoseoriginalnarratorismissingorsomenarratorsmissinginthechainetc.lIstypeofhadithistermedasweak.Sing.Faasiq.RebelliousdisobedienttoAllahSinner.IntervalbetweentwoProphets 463. BeliefinAllah 463whennodivinemessagereached.Fiqh Islamicjurisprudence.Fitnah Triala:ffiiction.Fitrah o)ai Humaninstinct;nature.Fuqahaa -h Sing.Faqee}J.ScholarsofIslamicjurisprudence.Haam rlA A stallioncamelthatfatheredtenospring.Hadd ~ Pl.Jfudood. Islamicpenalcode;Divinelysetlimitbetween}Jalaaland}Jaraam;specificpunishment.. PilgrimagetoMakkahinDhul-;oneofthefivepillarsofIslam.Halaal J)b. Legal(omIslamicpointofview).H~raam rl? ForbiddeninIslam.Jfaneef ....w.. ThereligionofProphetIbraheemBeliefinOneAllah.Jfaqaaiq ~w Sing.Jfaqeeqah.Tru reality;Mysticalrealities."Iblees ~I SatanDevil(Lucifer).ma fu:-I TheConsensusofopinionoftheCompanions/IslamicJuristsonanissueomIslarnicpointofview.[1mal-Kalaam 11~ ScholastismScienceofDivinityinIslam(IslamicPhilosophy).Ja!hiliyh u..l> Pre-IslamicperiodnonIslamic. 464. 464 GlossaryJihad ? StrugglesivingbattleforthesupremacyofthewordsofAllah.Kg!rah o.)Le Expiation.Kaafir j DisbelieverdenieroftruthopposingIslam.Khaleel VerycloseiendatitleoftheProphetIbraheem(Abraham).Khutbah ua> Sermonaddressspeech.La-Adriyyah .).)1 ~ Lit:Notknowing;Schoolofphilo-sophersaffirminguncertaintyofultimatecauseasgod;agnosticism.Lahd Nicheinthesideofagrave.Madhhab .1.0 Schoolofthought(injurisprudence).Mhr a Obligatorybridalmoneygivenbythehusbandtohiswifeatthetimeofmarriagedowry.Mkrooh sa Abominable.Matn I.)Y Text.Mawdoo tr".- A hadithterminologyFabricatednarrationofahadith.Mu:idoon JJ....Q.. Sing:Mid;Mischief-makers.Munqati e A hadithtermmeaningbroken;akind of Daeef hadith whereinnarrator/sis/aremissinginoneormorechain. 465. MutawaatirNutfihNajwaNasszmhdhanHaaUQO-o-QintrRabbRibRoohSaibah1nnaaboaaaadh-aa0cdBeliinAllah 465ilJ Lit.Continuous:ahadithtermmeaningalargenumberofnarratorshavenarratedaparticularhadithatalllevelandthroughvariouschannels.4Ala; Maleandfemalesemendrops.Secretcounse1..M. SourceastatementtextQuranandSunnah.Ajudge;A Shariahjudge.Jinncompanion.Kabah:DirectiontowhichMuslimsfacewhi1epraying.A great amount; weight of ahundredpoundquinta1.LordandMasterSustainerProtectorSupporterNourisherandGuardianSovereignandRulerHewhoconolsanddirectsDivinenameofAllah.dq.MJa-;;4; Interestusury.Soul;spirit.Ashe-camelletlooseforthesakeoftheidolsandnothingwasallowedtobecarriedonit.CP.ul...~4 Charity:obligatoryand/oroptiona1.Sing.$a~aabi. le Companionsofl-.. 466. 466 GlossarytheProphet.Saheeh ..... Soundandauthenticahadithtermusedforauthenticstatementof(andabout)theProphet.Al1enarratorsarepiousandpossessexcel1entmemoryandthechainiscontinuous.Itisalsousedforcompilationsofhadithlike$a~ee~Bukh i$a~ee~ Muslimetc.$alaah E9 Prayer:obligatoryand/oroptional.Saweeq -"...JN Akindofmush-madewithwheatorbarley.Shariah a Islamiclaw.Shirk .!l~ PolyeismassociatingotherstoAl1ahwithdivinepowers.Shuhada ..1. Sing.Shaheed.MartyrsforthecauseofAl1ah.$ifit!l-Afaal J I..::.u....: AtibutesdescribingsomeofAl1ahsactions.A-$.t ..l1..all: Al1encompassingandl-J.mi!h comprehensiveatibutes.SifitNafsiy.h .4;u.... Atibutesrefe ngtoemotions"e.g.lovehateetc.Subh ~FrDawn.Sunni Ahlas-Sunnahpeoplefol1owingtheSunnahoftheProphet.TateeZ iw Denyingal1a ibutesofAl1ah.T weeZBaeed J..Jb Far-fetchedinterpretation. 467. TafierTawheedUloohiyahWudooWayWrjhna-wdhhhZinan ..y.9"ll.~J_rJ~J~IjilSj/isjtjBeliefinAllah 467InterpretationoftheQuran;exegesls.BeliefintheOnenessofAl1ah.Divinity.Ritualablution.RevelationDivinerevelation.Face;forthesakeof.Adulteress.An annual obligatory prescribedcharity(orpoordue)byaMusliminpossessionofrichesmerchandiseagricul ral producelivestocktradinggoodsetc.overaprescribedlimit acertainminimumcal1edni~aab. A pillarofIslam.Rateofpanentvaries accordingtoekindofpossession.Detailstobefound in Fiqh books. Way ofdisibution to be found in theQuran9:60.Adulteryfomication. 468. MRUQEHTFOXEDNEEemhjOqualFBnhmAA.5123-Aal-h n4-An-Nisaa5-AI-M idah6AlAnmAayahNo./PageNo.2/371285/3112/323/325/39146/40254/51256/80109258/124163216/14430/1453511473133/14729115428/1642122/173255/241260272301337351372210/280222/288205/2911415/311163/314344140/32720/335223/347269/350220/355235/358263/359360173/359284/359196/37789/395165/3963839/413213/4141311424132/424133/424130-133/4349/3297/537118132/8764/10826271154190191116630/244169/274134/288146/288159/28931129039829/2972/30054/310181130433143612/31426/3545/41285/42375/437150-151/4448/4740540610/5165/626162/1101/148158/274164/281340142/310166/3393866/3458/3475/347113/34920/3504/35034/35159/37972/165/42389/301/3044/6042350/603/80116/24364/25225329133138543642/28995/31234/3364/34972/40577/42613/42614/427116117/428103/444116/91148/91921911072/1469596/15297/15559/1712963839/21554/24212/24265/24724818/27292/2753/298103/37388/404 469. 7-AI-Araaf8-AI-Anfaal9-At-Taubah10-Younus11-Hood12-Yousuf13-Ar-Rad14-Ibraheem15 AI-I:Ir16An-Nahl17-AI-Isra18-AI-Kahf19-M yam20-Ta-ha21-AI-AnbiyaaBeliefinAllah 469204/143185/168206/27340/274143/281292 143144/28122/282 180/3063233837/33954/36253/37999/39959/41760/417138/43523/5767/33945/32111-112/56122/9697129/2666/2863404/28846/29167/311128/358114/35931142830/43644222/1175/157101115916826/24929429561129829936/36239/37972/42384/4246/2973/35011/35252/35726/41727/41829/41968/34054/34195/34243/35350/35351135687/399101/425810/29930/3304/3449/3512-4/3633234/15510/1648/34415/355910/4219/3460/7837158/15814/1586869/15919049/21768/21750/2722/27574/32796/3437/358102/4015/457042344/21642/26685/28740/35257/39917/41581144951114428/247109/28626/30379/354110/40838/33715/33857/35250/35265/3715/82262268385110/11032950/1764041124315/26546/30218/36432/403123126/413124/4268788/43525/683033/7716022/266104/27331030/33863/35290/399 470. 470 lnd:toftheQuran22I:Iajj23-AlMuminoon24-AnNoorH.EAAd26-Ash-ShuM27-An-Naml28 AlQ29-Al-Ank:abut30-Ar-Rum31-Luqm n32 As-Sajdah33-AlAhzaab34-Saba35-F tir36-Yaa-Seen37-A~-St5/14563-65117218/21761130240/35659/3581/391011/3915/5723/684178687/718489/11986/26426731/41524/4183132/42032/42044/42055/5263/10645114543/15341121635/33932/34545-46115344/21158/30033760/3305859/36537/4192329/163220/296218220/30376/34263/352130/3559798/40469-84/43214/4059-64/16188/17118119319421722/20120217/19423/20235224/20216/2178384/28544/42588/24614/41930/1132124/1677/16839/24625/30019/33854/35725/7111820/1551011/17427/28716/298181/ 22/39413/4067/17117/25622/31239/36636/8772/12841132213/33910/21723/28340-41/2842/29739/3463/37349/45010/822743/17311/38624/42258/28582/33865/34139/34271/34877/343101/359159/383180/383160/38418113843536/393 471. 38-Saad39-Az-ZumarBeliefinAllah 4718283/11575/14625225438572/1469/35523/35656/17567/25725927360/35554/3943/3959/39965/40540 Ghaafir/AI-MumIn 57/1217/26365/29933735/35478/42241-Fuilat42-Ash Shoora43-Az-Zukhraf45 AI-Jaathiyah47-Mlammad48-AI-Fath49-AI-I:Iur t50 Qaaf51 AdhDh riyaat52-At-T53 An-Nm54 AlQamar55-Ar-Rahmaan56 AlWaaqiah57-AHadeed58 AlMujadilah59-AI-Hashr61 As-Saff62-AI-Jumuah42/8053/23922/30515/35738652/351118324230232632833133637137638943/3591013/15786/39224/13314/36019/39215/28615/323926/509727/1158/16935/29438/37316/38728/3405758/34635635 36/12035/12235037/12216/34823/9042628/903-4/32719/44855/35314/38514/14660/15627/2453862627/2991-4/34863-64/3104/2663/3423-4/3671/3043367/3099/2772224/30623/3544/2898/33911/3472/3491/353 472. 472 lndexoftheQuran63-AlMunaafiqoon 8/35664 AtTaghaabun 6/34565 N-Talaaq 115112/17166 AtTahreem 3/34967 AlMulk 22/38811/7014/14423/1563-4/17216-17/27089/42268-Qalam 42/26169-AI-I:Iqah 17/26370 AlMarij 4/27471-Nooh 1318/16523/41626-27/41975AI-Qiyaamah 2223/10329376 AlInsaan/AdDahr9/2462/33677-AI-Mursalaat 16-17/34480-Abasa 1729/12624/16082-AI-Infiar 6-8/16583-AI-Mutaifeen 15/2933872223/29385 AI-Buruj 1516/26616/33886-A!-Taariq 5/16087-AI-Alaa 1127189 AlFr 2122/28022/38792-AI-Lai1 19-20/24796 AlAlaq 35/34898-AI-Bayyah 5/395112-Al-hlaas 1-4/2413894/327114-An-Naas 5/11516/116 473. HTmFOXEDNBOOK CHAPTER/BAAB NO. PAGENO.Bukhari Kitaabal-Eemaan 4821 3148Kitaabas-Salat 407 48247Kitbt-Tawheed 6956 486856 2446890 2516964 2522856834 2576864 2596877 2646899 2646870 2726885 2786940 279Babt-Tawheed 1966835 3006838 3056879 325Kitaabal-Fitan 6549 55Kitaabal-Adhln 715 59595 98Kitaabal-Manaaqib 3561 613260 4443540 452 474. 474 lndex01HadithBukh i Kitaabal-Manaaqib 3541 453Kitaabal-Janaaiz 1296 114KitaabTqeeral-Quran 4476 1224262 2475083 2614510 2774426 2824372 2844500 2954443 3054258 444KitaabA}Jadeethal-Anbiya 3079 1483099 2523187 425KitaabBadal-Khalq 3072 195Kitaabal-Qadar 6998 2556124 255Kitaabal-Aymaanwan-Nudhoor 6168 2596188 289Kitaabal-JihaadW -slyar 2581 2632614 2762599 407Kitaab ~r-Rqaiq 6036 184Kitaabal-Adab 5580 282Bukhari Kitaabal-MazalimwalGhadab 2277 291 475. BeliefinAllah 475KitaabMaw!qeetas-Salaat 521 295Kitaabl-Jumuah 1053 3011113 396Kitaabad-Daawaat 5927 326Kitaabash-Shirkah 2315 380Kitaabal-11m 125 395Kitaabar-Riqaaiq 6085 396KitaabBadal-Wa~y 400Kita!bad-Diyyaat 6354 406Muslim Kitaabadh-dhikrwadDuaa4852 474905 2444844 2904836 306Kitaabal-Eemaan 135 4786 526381 52146 5398 5391 5451 63266 250295263 251301276 256274 27924 290Muslim 110 292259 292 476. 476 lndexofHadith267 29438 39240 39246 393KitaabFadailas-Sahabah 4443 98Kitaabas-Salam 4041 115Kitaabal-Jannwq.-$t 5109 1165083 260Kitaabal-Birrwas-Silah 4727 146Kitaabat-Taubah 4939 2434954 253Kitaabal-Qadar 4795 2544798 259Kit:b$ifaal-Qiyamh... 4995 2574996 258Kitaabal-Imaarah 3406 258Kitaabaz-Za t 1763 270Kitaabal-Adb 3985 289325Kitab -($hq...ffim.cprini~I. .hihlb Ih