Basic and ultrabasic - Deep Sea Drilling Project · 2007-05-01 · pose of this group to foster...

Basic and ultrabasicbasement

[Λ Λ I Basalt oceanicr A A l crust

A. Sample 567-18,CC: piece of Miocene sediment below serpentinite blocks. B. Core 570-27: solid Miocene gas hydrate. C. Section570-41-3: serpentinized peridotite from the upslope basement. D. Section 567-19-1: Upper Cretaceous limestones above an ophi-olitic complex comprising slope basement. E. Sample 566-6-1, 31—33 cm: serpentinized peridotite in the basement (petrographicsection). F. Section 569-9-1: late Eocene mudstone.

Initial Reportsof the

Deep Sea Drilling Project

A Project Planned by and Carried Out With the Advice of theJOINT OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FOR DEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES)

VOLUME LXXXIVcovering Leg 84 of the cruises of the Drilling Vessel Glomar Challenger

Balboa, Panama, to Manzanillo, MexicoJanuary-February 1982

PARTICIPATING SCIENTISTS

Roland von Huene, Jean Aubouin, Robert J. Arnott, Miriam Baltuck,Jacques Bourgois, Mark Filewicz, Roger Helm, Keith A. Kvenvolden,

Barry Lienert, Thomas J. McDonald, Kirstin McDougall,

Yujiro Ogawa, Elliot Taylor, and Barbara Winsborough

SHIPBOARD SCIENCE REPRESENTATIVE

Miriam Baltuck

EDITOR

Susan Orlofsky

Prepared for theNATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION

National Ocean Sediment Coring ProgramUnder Contract C-482

By theUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

Scripps Institution of OceanographyPrime Contractor for the Project

This material is based upon research supported by the NationalScience Foundation under Contract No. C-482.

Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations ex-pressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do notnecessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.

It is recommended that reference to the whole or to part of thisvolume be made in one of the following forms, as appropriate:

von Huene, R., Aubouin, J., et al., 19 Init. Repts. DSDP, 84:Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office).

Filewicz, M. V., 19 Calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy ofthe Middle America Trench and slope, Deep Sea Drilling ProjectLeg 84. In von Huene, R., Aubouin, J., et al., Init. Repts.DSDP, 84: Washington (U.S. Govt. Printing Office), -

Effective Publication Dates of DSDP Initial Reports

According to the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, the date ofpublication of a work and of a contained name or statement affecting nomenclatureis the date on which the publication was mailed to subscribers, placed on sale, orwhen the whole edition is distributed free of charge, mailed to institutions and in-dividuals to whom free copies are distributed. The mailing date, not the printeddate, is the correct one.

Mailing dates of the more recent Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Projectare as follows:

Volume 75—June, 1984Volume 76—November, 1983Volume 77—September, 1984Volume 78A.B—August, 1984Volume 79—November, 1984Volume 81—January, 1985

Printed May 1985

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 74—603338

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing OfficeWashington, D. C. 20402

Stock Number O38-OOO-OO554-5IV

The world's first major Oceanographic expe-dition took place between 1872 and 1876. Thisexpedition, aboard the H.M.S. Challenger cov-ering nearly 70,000 nautical miles and gatheringOceanographic data from 362 stations, expand-ed our knowledge of the ocean and provided asolid foundation for future studies in marine geo-logy. A century later, another vessel also namedChallenger continued to expand our knowledgeof the world's ocean and helped revolutionize ourconcepts of how the seafloor and the continentsform and change. The drilling vessel GlomarChallenger sailed the same waters as its historiccounterpart, seeking answers to new questionsconcerning the history of our planet and the lifeit supports. The continued advancement ofknowledge about the fundamental processes anddynamics of the earth is leading to a greater un-derstanding of our planet and more intelligentuse of its resources.

Since 1968, the Deep Sea Drilling Project(DSDP) has been supported by the National Sci-ence Foundation, primarily through a contractwith the University of California which, in turn,subcontracted to Global Marine Incorporated forthe services of the D/V Glomar Challenger.

Through contracts with Joint OceanographicInstitutions, Inc. (JOI, Inc.), the National Sci-ence Foundation supported the scientific adviso-ry structure for the project and funded predrill-ing geophysical site surveys. Scientific planningwas conducted under the auspices of the JointOceanographic Institutions for Deep Earth Sam-pling (JOIDES). The JOIDES advisory groupconsisted of over 250 members who made up 24committees, panels, and working groups. Themembers were distinguished scientists from ac-ademic institutions, government agencies, andprivate industry all over the world.

In 1975, the International Phase of OceanDrilling (IPOD) began. The IPOD member na-tions, Federal Republic of Germany, Japan, Uni-ted Kingdom, Soviet Union, and France, partial-ly supported the project. Each member nationactively participated in the scientific planning ofthe project through membership in JOIDES. Sci-entists from these countries also took part in thefield work aboard the D/V Glomar Challengerand postcruise scientific studies.

The first ocean coring operations for the DeepSea Drilling Project began on August 11, 1968.During the ensuing years of drilling operationsin the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans, theGulf of Mexico, Caribbean Sea, MediterraneanSea, and Antarctic waters, the scientific objec-tives that had been proposed were successfullyaccomplished. Primarily, the age of the ocean ba-sins and their processes of development were de-termined. The validity of the hypothesis of sea-floor spreading was firmly demonstrated and itsdynamics studied. Emphasis was placed on broadreconnaissance and testing the involvement ofmid-oceanic ridge systems in the development ofthe ocean basin. Later legs of the Challenger'svoyages concentrated on the nature of the oce-anic crust, the sedimentary history of the pas-sive ocean margins, sediment dynamics along ac-tive ocean margins, and other areas of interest.The accumulated results of this project have ledto major new interpretations of the pattern ofsedimentation and the physical and chemical cha-racteristics of the ancient oceans.

Technological advances have provided newtools which in turn have opened new dimensionsof scientific discovery. The introduction of theHydraulic Piston Corer in 1979 permitted virtu-ally undisturbed cores of soft sediment layers tobe obtained. This technological advance hasgreatly enhanced the ability of scientists to studyancient ocean environments, as recorded by sed-iment characteristics and flora and fauna pre-served in these deposits.

A second major advance has been the use ofthe hole after drilling. The project routinely log-

ged holes and performed geophysical and geo-chemical studies before, during, and after drill-ing. Long-term downhole geophysical seismicmonitoring devices have been implanted success-fully in DSDP holes. These new listening devicesand geophysical studies have provided valuableinformation about the origin and nature of thedynamic processes of plate tectonics.

These reports contain the results of the initialstudies of the recovered core material and the as-sociated geophysical information. All the world'speople benefit either directly or indirectly fromthis fundamental research. Knowledge about pastand present conditions and processes are thefoundations for future predictions and develop-ments. Both short- and long-term benefits are ob-tained by advances in drilling technology and in-strumentation. Information is being obtainedabout the origin and geographic distribution ofnatural resources. Just as the H.M.S. Challeng-er had a profound impact on scientific thoughtfor over a century, this second Challenger expe-dition has given a greater understanding of theoceans and the processes that form and shape theearth.

Erich Bloch,Director

Washington, D.C.

VI

Recognizing the need in the Oceanographiccommunity for scientific planning of a programto obtain deep sedimentary cores from theocean bottoms, four of the major Oceanograph-ic institutions that had strong interests andprograms in the fields of marine geology andgeophysics formed, in May 1964, the JointOceanographic Institutions for Deep EarthSampling (JOIDES). This group, Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory; RosenstielSchool of Marine and Atmospheric Science,University of Miami; the Scripps Institution ofOceanography, University of California at SanDiego; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic In-stitution, expressed an interest in undertakingscientific planning and guidance of thesedimentary drilling program. It was the pur-pose of this group to foster programs to in-vestigate the sediments and rocks beneath thedeep oceans by drilling and coring. Themembership of this original group was laterenlarged in 1968 when the University ofWashington became a member, and again in1975 when University of Hawaii Institute ofGeophysics, the Oregon State UniversitySchool of Oceanography, the University ofRhode Island Graduate School of Oceanogra-phy, and Texas A&M University Department ofOceanography became members. In accordancewith international agreements, institutionsof participating nations became members ofJOIDES. Thus, during 1974 to 1976, theBundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften undRohstoffe of the Federal Republic of Germany,the Centre National pour 1'Exploitation desOceans of France, the Natural EnvironmentResearch Council of the United Kingdom, theUniversity of Tokyo of Japan, and Academy ofSciences of the USSR became JOIDES members.

Through discussions sponsored by theJOIDES organization, with support from theNational Science Foundation, ColumbiaUniversity's Lamont-Doherty GeologicalObservatory operated a drilling program in thesummer of 1965, on the Blake Plateau regionoff Jacksonville, Florida.

vπ

With this success in hand, planning beganfor a more extensive deep sea effort. Thisresulted in the award of a contract by theNational Science Foundation to the Scripps In-stitution of Oceanography, University of Cali-fornia at San Diego for an eighteen-monthdrilling program in the Atlantic and Pacificoceans, termed the Deep Sea Drilling Project(DSDP). Operations at sea began in August1968, using the now-famous drilling vessel, theGlomar Challenger.

The goal of the Deep Sea Drilling Projectis to gather scientific information that will helpdetermine the age and processes of develop-ment of the ocean basins. The primary strategyis to drill deep holes into the ocean floor, rely-ing largely on technology developed by thepetroleum industry.

Through the efforts of the principal or-ganizations and of the panel members, whowere drawn from a large cross section of lead-ing earth scientists and associates, a scientificprogram was developed.

Cores recovered from deep beneath theocean floor provide reference material for amultitude of studies in fields such as biostratig-raphy, physical stratigraphy, and Paleomag-netism that afford a new scope for investigatingthe physical and chemical aspects of sedimentprovenance, transportation, deposition, anddiagenesis. In-hole measurements, as feasible,provide petrophysical data to permit inferenceof lithology of intervals from which no coreswere recovered.

A report, describing the core materials andinformation obtained both at sea and in lab-oratories onshore, is published after the com-pletion of each cruise. These reports are acooperative effort of shipboard and shore-based scientists and are intended primarily to bea compilation of results which, it is hoped, willbe the starting point for many future new andexciting research programs. Preliminary inter-pretations of the data and observations taken atsea are also included.

Core materials and data collected on eachcruise will be made available to qualified scien-tists through the Curator of the Deep Sea Drill-

ing Project, following a Sample DistributionPolicy (p. xvii) approved by the National Sci-ence Foundation.

The advent of Glomar Challenger, with itsdeep-water drilling capability, is exceedinglytimely. It has come when geophysical investiga-tion of the oceans has matured through 20 to 30years of vigorous growth to the point where wehave some knowledge about much of the for-merly unknown oceanic areas of our planet.About one million miles of traverses have beenmade which tell us much about the global pat-tern of gravity, magnetic and thermal anoma-lies, and about the composition, thickness, andstratigraphy of the sedimentary cover of thedeep sea and continental margin. The coveragewith such data has enabled the site selectionpanels to pick choice locations for drilling. Theknowledge gained from each hole can be ex-tended into the surrounding area. Detailed geo-physical surveys were made for most of theselected locations prior to drilling.

The earth sciences have recently maturedfrom an empirical status to one in which sub-stantial theories and hypotheses about majortectonic processes are flourishing. Theoriesabout the origin of magnetic fields and mag-netic reversals, about ocean floor spreading andcontinental drift, and about the thermal historyof our planet have led to specific predictionsthat could be tested best by an enlightened pro-gram of sampling of deep sea and continentalmargin sediments and underlying rocks.

In October 1975, the International Phaseof Ocean Drilling (IPOD) began. This in-ternational interest, and the true participationof both the scientists and governments of anumber of nations, are eloquent testimony tothe importance of the work being done by theDeep Sea Drilling Project.

The members of JOIDES and DSDP andthe scientists from all interested organizationsand nations who have served on the various ad-visory panels are proud to have been of serviceand believe that the information and core ma-terials that have been obtained will be of valueto students of earth sciences and to all human-ity for many years to come.

vin

Deep SeaDrilling Project

MEMBER ORGANIZATIONS OF THE JOINTOCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTIONS FORDEEP EARTH SAMPLING (JOIDES):1

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe,Federal Republic of Germany

University of California at San Diego,Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Centre National pour 1'Exploitation des Oceans, Paris

Columbia University, Lamont-Doherty GeologicalObservatory

University of Hawaii, Hawaii Institute of Geophysics

University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine andAtmospheric Science

Natural Environment Research Council, London

Oregon State University, School of Oceanography

University of Rhode Island, Graduate School ofOceanography

Texas A&M University, Department of Oceanography

University of Tokyo, Ocean Research Institute

University of Washington, Department ofOceanography

U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences2

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

OPERATING INSTITUTION

Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California at San DiegoLa Jolla, CaliforniaW. A. Nierenberg, Director

DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT

Dr. M. N. A. PetersonPrincipal InvestigatorProject Manager

Mr. Robert S. BowerAssistant Project Manager forAdministration and Contracts

Dr. Yves LancelotChief Scientist

Mr. Ed DeanFinance Administrator

Ms. Sue StrainPersonnel Officer

Includes member organizations during time of cruise.' This institution and its committees and panel members were noncontribut-ing members of JOIDES at time of cruise.

IX

Participants aboardGLOMAR CHALLENGER for Leg Eighty-four

Dr. Roland von HueneCo-Chief Scientist

Pacific-Arctic Branch of Marine GeologyU.S. Geological Survey345 Middlefield Road,Menlo Park, California 94025

Dr. Jean AubouinCo-Chief Scientist

Département de GéotectoniqueUniversité Pierre et Marie Curie75230 Paris Cédex 05, France

Dr. Robert J. ArnottSedimentologist

Department of GeologyOxford UniversityParks RoadOxford OX13PRUnited Kingdom

Dr. Miriam BaltuckSedimentologist/Staff ScienceRepresentative

Deep Sea Drilling Project, A-031Scripps Institution of OceanographyLa Jolla, California 92093

Dr. Jacques BourgoisSedimentologist

Département de GéotectoniqueUniversité Pierre et Marie CurieT. 26, E.I4, Place Jussieu75230 Paris Cédex 05, France

Mr. Roger HelmSedimentologist

Institute of GeologyRuhr UniversityBochumFederal Republic of Germany

Dr. Yujiro OgawaSedimentologist

Department of GeologyKyushu University 33Hakozaki, Fukuoka-shi 812Japan

Dr. Keith A. KvenvoldenOrganic Geochemist

Pacific-Arctic Branch of Marine GeologyU.S. Geological Survey,345 Middlefield RoadMenlo Park, California 94025

Mr. Thomas J. McDonaldOrganic Geochemist

Department of OceanographyTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station, Texas 77843

Mr. Elliott TaylorPhysical Properties Specialist

Department of OceanographyTexas A&M UniversityCollege Station, Texas 77843

Dr. Kristin McDougallPaleontologist (foraminifers)

Branch of Paleontology & StratigraphyU.S. Geological Survey, MS 95345 Middlefield RoadMenlo Park, California 94025

Mr. Mark FilewiczPaleontologist (nannofossils)

Union Oil CompanyP.O. Box 6176Ventura, California 93006

Ms. Barbara WinsboroughPaleontologist (diatoms)

Espey, Huston & Associates, Inc.P.O. Box 519Austin, Texas 78767

Dr. Barry LienertPaleomagnetist

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsUniversity of Hawaii2525 Correa RoadHonolulu, Hawaii 96822

Mr. Glen FossCruise Operations Manager


Mr. David HueyTrainee Cruise Operations Manager


Captain Joseph A. ClarkeCaptain of the Drilling Vessel

Global Marine, Inc.San Diego, California 92111

XI

Mr. James A. RuddellDrilling Superintendent

Global Marine, Inc.San Diego, California 92111

Mr. Michael LehmannLaboratory Officer


Mr. Bob HaymanCuratorial Representative

Deep Sea Drilling Project/ECRLamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryPalisades, New York 10964

Mr. Dennis K. GrahamChemist


Mr. Scott M. GriswoldLogging Engineer

Schlumberger (Trinidad)South Trunk RoadLa Romain, TrinidadWest Indies

Mr. Don CameronSpecial Tools Technician


Mr. Mark AunchmanElectronics Technician


Mr. Michael C. ReitmeyerElectronics Technician


Mr. Bradley de Flon JulsonMarine Technician


Mr. James S. PineMarine Technician


Mr. Robert IuliucciMarine Technician


Mr. Don MarseeMarine Technician


Mr. Kevin S. ReidPhotographer


Ms. Louise M. HenryYeoperson


Deep Sea Drilling Project Publications Staff

Publications ManagerJan H. Blakeslee

EditorsMarian G. BaileySusan OrlofskyKatie L. TurnerElizabeth Whalen

Production ManagerRaymond F. Silk

Production AssistantsElaine BruerMadeleine A. Mahnken

Production CoordinatorsCarolina BertlingMary A. Young

Art-Photo SupervisorVirginia L. Roman

IllustratorsMyrtali AnagnostopoulosAileen BobrykVicki CypherdKathleen Sanderson (this volume)Alice N. Thompson

xπ

JOIDES AdvisoryGroups *

Executive CommitteeDr. D. James Baker, Jr.

University of WashingtonProf. Dr. Friedrich Bender

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. G. Ross Heath

Oregon State UniversityDr. Charles E. Helsley

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsSir Peter Kent, F.R.S.

Natural Environment Research CouncilDr. John A. Knauss

University of Rhode IslandDr. Noriyuki Nasu

University of TokyoDr. William A. Nierenberg, Chairman

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. M. N. A. Peterson (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyMonsieur Gerard Piketty

Centre National pour I'Exploitation des OceansDr. Barry Raleigh

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryProf. Robert D. Reid

Texas A&M UniversityDr. Alexander V. Sidorenko

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. John Steele

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Warren Wisby

Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric SciencePlanning CommitteeDr. Jean Aubouin

Université Pierre et Marie CurieDr. Helmut Beiersdorf

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. William R. Bryant

Texas A&M UniversityDr. Joe R. Cann

University of Newcastle-upon-TyneDr. John B. Corliss

Oregon State UniversityDr. Joe S. Creager

University of WashingtonMr. John I. Ewing

Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution• Membership at time of cruise.

Dr. Dennis E. HayesLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. Jose HonnorezUniversity of Miami

Dr. James P. KennettUniversity of Rhode Island

Dr. Kazuo KobayashiUniversity of Tokyo

Dr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. Ralph MoberlyHawaii Institute of Geophysics

Dr. Lev NikitinU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Dr. Edward L. Winterer, ChairmanScripps Institution of Oceanography

Advisory Panel on Sedimentary Petrologyand Physical PropertiesDr. Richard Bennett

National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationDr. John W. Handin

Texas A&M UniversityDr. George deVries Klein

University of Illinois, UrbanaDr. Leland Kraft

McClelland Engineers, Inc.Dr. I. Nick McCave

University of East AngliaDr. Frederic Mélières

Université Pierre et Marie CurieDr. Ralph Moberly (ex-officio)

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsDr. Orrin H. Pilkey

Duke UniversityDr. Peter Rothe

Universitat MannheimDr. Matthew Salisbury (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Peter P. Timofeev

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesAdvisory Panel on Organic GeochemistryDr. Earl W. Baker

Florida Atlantic UniversityDr. Simon C. Brassel

The University, Bristol, England

Xin

Dr. John B. Corliss (ex-officio)Oregon State University

Dr. William Coulbourn (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. Gordon ErdmanPhillips Petroleum Company

Dr. Eric GalimovU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Dr. John M. HuntWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution

Dr. Keith KvenvoldenU.S. Geological Survey

Dr. Philip A. MeyersUniversity of Michigan

Dr. Bernd R. T. Simoneit, ChairmanOregon State University

Dr. Colin P. SummerhayesEXXON Production Research Company

Dr. Bernard TissotInstitut François du Pétrole

Dr. Dietrich WelteLehrstuhl für Geologie, Geochemie, und Lagerstàttendes Erdöls und der Kohle

Advisory Panel on Information HandlingDr. Daniel E. Appleman, Chairman

Smithsonian InstitutionDr. Joe S. Creager (ex-officio)

University of WashingtonDr. John C. Hathaway

U.S. Geological SurveyDr. Alfred Loeblich, Jr.

University of California, Los AngelesDr. Michael S. Loughridge

National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationDr. Marthe Melguen

Centre Océanologique de Bretagne (BNDO)Mrs. Judit Nowak

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeMr. Peter Woodbury (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Valery V. Zdorovenin

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesIndustrial Liaison PanelMr. R. L. Adams

Conoco Inc.Prof. Nikolai P. Budnikov

Ministry of Geology of the U.S.S.R.Mr. Melvin J. Hill

Gulf Oil Exploration and Production CompanyDr. Ing. Guenter Peterson

Gewerkschaft Walter

Mr. W. A. Roberts, ChairmanPhillips Petroleum Company

Dr. Gilbert RutmanSociété Nationale des Pétroles d'Aquitaine

Mr. G. WilliamsUnited Kingdom Offshore Operators Association, Ltd.

Advisory Panel on Ocean CrustDr. Roger N. Anderson

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Henri Bougault

Centre Océanologique de Bretagne (CNEXO)Dr. John B. Corliss (ex-officio)

Oregon State UniversityProf. Dr. Rolf Emmermann

Universitàt KarlsruheDr. Paul J. Fox, Chairman

University of Rhode IslandDr. Paul Johnson

University of WashingtonDr. Ralph Moberly (ex-officio)

Hawaii Institute of GeophysicsDr. James Natland (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Minoru Ozima

University of TokyoDr. Paul Robinson

Dalhousie UniversityDr. Hans Schouten

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Ralph Stephen

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. John Tarney

University of LeicesterDr. Andrei A. Tsvetkov

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesAdvisory Panel on Ocean Margin (Active)Dr. Peter F. Barker

University of BirminghamDr. Jean-Paul Cadet

Université d'OrleansDr. Darrel Cowan

University of WashingtonDr. Joe S. Creager (ex-officio)

University of WashingtonDr. Yury I. Dmitriev

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Dennis E. Hayes (ex-officio)

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Donald M. Hussong, Chairman

Hawaii Institute of Geophysics

xiv

Dr. Daniel KarigCornell University

Dr. John W. LaddLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. Kazuaki NakamuraUniversity of Tokyo

Dr. James Natland (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Dr. Roland von HueneU.S. Geological Survey

Dr. Hans just WalterBundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe

Advisory Panel on Ocean Margin (Passive)Dr. Mikhail E. Artemiev

U.S.S.R. Academy of ScienciesDr. Arnold H. Bouma

Gulf Science and Technology CompanyDr. William R. Bryant (ex-officio)

Texas A&M UniversityDr. Karl Hinz

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. Hideo Kagami

University of TokyoDr. Charlotte Keene

Geological Survey of CanadaDr. Yves Lancelot (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Lucien Montadert

Institut François du PetroleDr. David G. Roberts, Chairman

Natural Environment Research CouncilDr. William B. F. Ryan

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Sigmund Snelson

Shell Oil CompanyDr. Jòrn Thiede

Universitetet i OsloDr. Brian E. Tucholke

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Peter R. Vail

EXXON Production CompanyDr. Jan E. van Hinte

Vrije UniversiteitDr. Edward L. Winterer (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyAdvisory Panel on Pollution Prevention and SafetyDr. Nikolai J. Beliy

Ministry of Gas Industry, U.S.S.R.Dr. Rustum Jean Byramjee

Compagnie François des PétrolesDr. George Claypool

U.S. Geological Survey

Mr. Brian E. DaviesSohio Petroleum Company

Dr. Louis E. Garrison, ChairmanU.S. Geological Survey

Dr. Arthur E. GreenEXXON Production Research Company

Prof. A. J. HornAtherton, California

Dr. Ernst HotzDeminex, Essen, Federal Republic of Germany


Dr. David B. MacKenzieMarathon Oil Company

Dr. Geoffrey D. TaylorBritish Petroleum Company Ltd.

Dr. Edward L. Winterer (ex-officio)Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Advisory Panel on Inorganic GeochemistryDr. Joe R. Cann (ex-officio)

University of Newcastle-upon-TyneDr. Henry Elderfield

The University of LeedsDr. Michael Hoffert

Université Louis PasteurDr. Miriam Kastner, Acting Chairman

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Margaret Leinen

University of Rhode IslandDr. Igor D. Ryabchikou

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Sam Savin

Case Western Reserve UniversityDr. Fred L. Sayles

Woods Hole Oceanographic InstitutionDr. Karl-Heinz Wedepohl

Universitàt GöttingenStratigraphic Correlations PanelDr. Ivan Basov

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Lloyd H. Burckle

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. William Coulbourn (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Joe S. Creager (ex-officio)

University of WashingtonDr. D. Graham Jenkins

The Open University, BuckinghamshireProf. Erlend Martini

Universitàt FrankfurtDr. Catherine Nigrini

La Habra Heights, California

xv

Dr. Richard Poore, ChairmanU.S. Geological Survey

Dr. John B. SaundersNaturhistorisches Museum, Basel

Downhole Measurements PanelDr. Heinz Beckmann

Technische Universitàt ClausthalMr. Robert E. Boyce (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. William Bryant (ex-officio)

Texas A&M UniversityDr. Nikolas I. Christensen

University of WashingtonDr. Timothy J. G. Francis

Natural Environment Research CouncilDr. Roy Hyndman

Department of Energy, Mines and Resources,British Columbia

Mr. Alfred H. JagelerAmoco Production Research Company

Dr. Hajimu KinoshitaChiba University

Dr. Mark MathewsLos Alamos Scientific Laboratory

Dr. Yury NeprochnovU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Dr. Lev Nikitin (ex-officio)U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Dr. Vincent RenardCentre National pour I'Exploitation des Oceans

Dr. Richard P. von Herzen, ChairmanWoods Hole Oceanography Institution

Advisory Panel on Ocean PaleoenvironmentDr. Helmut Beiersdorf (ex-officio)

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. Hervé Chamley

Université des Sciences et Techniques de LilleDr. Robert G. Douglas, Chairman

University of Southern CaliforniaDr. Dieter Fütterer

Universitàt Kiel

Dr. Robert E. GarrisonUniversity of California, Santa Cruz

Dr. James D. HaysLamont-Doherty Geological Observatory

Dr. James P. Kennett (ex-officio)University of Rhode Island

Dr. Robert B. KiddInstitute of Oceanographic Sciences, Godalming, England


Dr. Seymour O. SchlangerNorthwestern University

Dr. Yokichi TakayanagiTohoku University

Dr. Fritz TheyerHawaii Institute of Geophysics

Dr. Peter P. TimofeevU.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences

Advisory Panel on Site SurveyingDr. Helmut Beiersdorf (ex-officio)

Bundesanstalt für Geowissenschaften und RohstoffeDr. LeRoy M. Dorman

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Dennis Hayes (ex-officio)

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. E. John W. Jones, Chairman

University College LondonDr. Shozaburo Nagumo

University of TokyoDr. Philip D. Rabinowitz (ex-officio)

Lamont-Doherty Geological ObservatoryDr. Vincent Renard

Centre National pour VExploitation des OceansDr. Matthew Salisbury (ex-officio)

Scripps Institution of OceanographyDr. Alexander A. Schreider

U.S.S.R. Academy of SciencesDr. Wilfried Weigel

Universitàt Hamburg

xvi

SAMPLE DISTRIBUTION POLICY *

Distribution of Ocean Drilling Program and of DeepSea Drilling Project samples is undertaken in order to(1) provide support to shipboard scientists in achievingthe scientific objectives of their cruise, and supportshorebased investigators who are preparing contribu-tions to DSDP and ODP reports; (2) provide individ-ual investigators with materials to conduct detailedstudies beyond the scope of ODP reports; (3) providepaleontological reference centers with samples forreference and comparison purposes; and (4) provideeducators with samples for teaching purposes.

Funding for sample-related activities must be securedby the investigator independently of requesting thesamples.

The Ocean Drilling Program Curator is responsiblefor distributing samples and for preserving and con-serving core material. The Curator, who may acceptadvice from chairmen of the appropriate JOIDESadvisory panels, is responsible for enforcing the pro-visions of this sample distribution policy. He is re-sponsible for maintaining a record of all samples thathave been distributed, both onboard ship and subse-quently from the repositories, indicating the recipi-ents and the nature of investigations proposed. Thisinformation is available to interested investigators onrequest.

Every sample distributed from the ship or from a re-pository is labeled with a standard identifier, whichincludes leg number, hole number, core and sectionnumbers, and interval within the section from whichthe sample was removed. It is imperative that thisstandard identifier be associated with all data report-ed in the literature, and that residues of the sampleremain labeled throughout their lives, so that laterworkers can relate the data to the cores.Distribution of sample materials is made directly fromthe repositories (Lamont-Doherty Geological Observ-atory, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, or TexasA&M University) by the Curator or his designatedrepresentative.

1. Distribution of Samples for Research Leading toContributions to ODP Reports

Any investigator who wishes to contribute to the re-ports of a scheduled cruise may write to the Curator,Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M University, Col-lege Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A., in order torequest samples from that cruise. Requests for a spe-cific cruise must be received by the Curator at least

*Revised October 1984

TWO MONTHS in advance of the departure of thatcruise, in order to allow time for the review of the re-quest in conjunction with other requests, so that asuitable shipboard sampling program can be assem-bled. The request should include a statement of thenature of the proposed research, size and approxi-mate number of samples required to complete thestudy, and any particular sampling technique or equip-ment which may be required. Requests will be re-viewed by the staff representative and co-chief scien-tists of the cruise and by the Curator. Approval/dis-approval will be based upon the scientific require-ments of the cruise as determined by the appropriateJOIDES advisory panel(s). The scope of a requestmust be such that samples can be processed, thatproposed research can be completed, and that the pa-per can be written in time for submission to the rele-vant ODP cruise report.

Except for rare, specific instances involving ephem-eral properties, the total volume of samples removedduring a cruise-related sampling program will not ex-ceed one-quarter of the volume of core recovered, andno interval will be depleted. One-half of all recoveredmaterials will be retained in the archives in as pristinea condition as is practicable. Investigators requestingshipboard samples of igneous materials may receive amaximum of 100 igneous samples per cruise.

Because many sample requests are received for ship-board work and because the time of the shipboardparty is at a premium, co-chief scientists are stronglyurged to limit shipboard sampling to the minimumnecessary to accomplish the cruise objectives. Shore-based investigators whose requests for cruise-relatedsamples are approved should expect that they will re-ceive the samples after the cores are returned to therepository, and should schedule research activities ac-cordingly.Co-chief scientists may invite investigators who arenot cruise participants to perform special studies ofselected core samples in direct support of shipboardactivities. If this occurs, the names and addresses ofthese investigators and details of all samples loanedor distributed to them must be forwarded to the Cu-rator, via the ODP Staff Representative to that cruise,immediately after the cruise. These investigators areexpected to contribute to the cruise reports as thoughthey had been cruise participants. All requirementsof the Sample Distribution Policy apply.

Any publication of results other than in ODP re-ports within twelve (12) months of completion of the

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cruise must be approved and authored by the wholeshipboard party and, where appropriate, shorebasedinvestigators. After twelve months, individual inves-tigators may submit related papers for open publica-tion provided they have already submitted their con-tributions to ODP reports. Investigations which arenot completed in time for inclusion in ODP reportsfor a specific cruise may be published in a later edi-tion of ODP reports; however, they may not appearin another journal until the ODP report for whichthey were intended has been published.

2. Distribution of Samples for Research Leading toPublication Outside of the DSDP and ODP Reports

A. Researchers who wish to use samples for stud-ies beyond the scope of the DSDP or ODP re-ports should obtain sample request forms fromthe Curator, Ocean Drilling Program, TexasA&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. Requestors are required to spe-cify the quantities and intervals of core re-quired, to make a clear statement of the natureof the proposed research, to state the timewhich will be required to complete the workand to submit results for publication, and tospecify funding status and the availability ofequipment and space for the research.

Additionally, if the requestor has received sam-ples from ODP or from DSDP previously, he/she will be required to account for the dispo-sition of those samples by citing publishedworks, six (6) copies of which must be sent tothe Curator. If no report has been published,this requirement can be fulfilled by sending abrief (two or three page) report of the statusof the research. Unused and residual samplesshould be returned and data should be sent tothe Curator if the project has terminated. Pa-leontological materials may be returned eitherto the Curator at ODP or to one of the desig-nated paleontological reference centers. If ma-terial is returned to a reference center, notifythe Curator when it is sent.

Requests for samples from researchers in in-dustrial laboratories will be honored in thesame manner as those from academic organi-zations. Industrial investigators have the sameobligations as other investigators to publish allresults promptly in the open literature and toprovide the Curator with copies of all reportspublished and of all data acquired in their re-search.

In order to ensure that all requests for highlydesirable but limited samples can be consid-

ered together, approval of requests and distri-bution of samples will be delayed until twelve(12) months after completion of the cruise ortwo (2) months after official publication of thecore descriptions, whichever occurs earlier. Theonly exceptions to this policy will be made forspecific requests involving ephemeral proper-ties. Requests for samples may be based oncore descriptions published in ODP reportsproduced by the shipboard party, copies ofwhich are on file at various institutionsthroughout the world. Copies of original corelogs and data are kept on open file at ODP,and at the repositories at Lamont-Doherty Ge-ological Observatory and at Scripps Institu-tion of Oceanography.

B. Most investigations can be accomplished hand-ily with sample volumes of 10 ml or less. In-vestigators must provide explicit justificationof requests for larger sample sizes or for fre-quent intervals within a core. Requests whichexceed reasonable size or frequency limits willrequire explicit justifications and more time toprocess, and are unlikely to be granted in theirentirety.Requests for samples from thin layers, fromstratigraphically important boundaries, fromsections which are badly depleted or in unusu-ally high demand may be delayed in order tocoordinate requests from several investigatorsor while the Curator seeks advice from thecommunity. Investigators who submit such re-quests may expect to receive suggestions foralternative sampling programs or that theyjoin a research consortium which will sharethe samples. In any event, such exceptional re-quests will require more time for processingthan will more routine requests.

Investigators who wish to study ephemeralproperties may request a waiver of the waitingperiod; however, such requests will be referredautomatically to the relevant co-chiefs. If ap-proved, the investigator will join the shore-based contributors to the shipboard scienceeffort, and will incur the obligations thereof(see section 1).

C. Samples will not be provided until the reques-tor assures the Curator that funding for theproposed research is available or unnecessary.If a sample request is dependent in any wayupon proposed funding, the Curator is pre-pared to provide the proposed funding organi-zation with information on the availability (orpotential availability) of suitable samples.

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D. Investigators who receive samples incur the fol-lowing obligations:(1) To publish significant results promptly;however, no contribution may be submitted forpublication prior to twelve (12) months fol-lowing the termination of the relevant leg un-less it is approved and authored by the entireshipboard party.

(2) To acknowledge in all publications that thesamples were supplied through the assistanceof the international Ocean Drilling Programand others as appropriate.

(3) To submit six (6) copies of reprints of allpublished works to the Curator, Ocean Drill-ing Program, Texas A&M University, CollegeStation, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. These re-prints will be distributed to the repositories, tothe ship, to the National Science Foundation,and to the Curator's reprint file.(4) To submit all final analytical data obtainedfrom the samples to Data Base Manager, OceanDrilling Program, Texas A&M University, Col-lege Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. Pleaseconsult recent issues of the JOIDES Journalor call (409-845-2673) for information on ac-ceptable data formats. Investigators should beaware that they may have other data obliga-tions under NSF's Ocean Science Data Policyor under relevant policies of other fundingagencies which require submission of data tonational data centers.

(5) To return all unused or residual samples, ingood condition and with a detailed explana-tion of any processing they may have experi-enced, upon termination of the proposed re-search. In particular, all thin sections andsmear slides manufactured onboard the vesselor in the repositories are to be returned to theCurator. Paleontological materials may be re-turned either to the Curator at ODP or to oneof the designated paleontological reference cen-ters.Failure to honor these obligations will preju-dice future applications for samples.

E. Cores are available for examination by inter-ested parties at the repositories. Investigatorsare welcome to visit the repositories in order toinspect cores and to specify sample locationswhen that is required for their research; how-ever, time and space in the workrooms are lim-ited, so advance appointments are required.Occasionally, the space may be fully bookedseveral weeks in advance, so investigators areurged to call for appointments well ahead in

order to avoid disappointment. Only the Cu-rator or his delegate may actually remove sam-ples from the cores.

F. A reference library of thin sections, smearslides, and archive photographs is maintainedin the repositories for the use of visting inves-tigators. All thin sections and smear slides pro-duced onboard the ship or in the repositoriesbelong to this library.

3. Distribution of Samples to Paleontological Refer-ence Centers

As a separate and special category of repository ac-tivity, selected samples are being distributed to pale-ontological reference centers, where the prepared ma-terial may be studied by visitors. As of this writing(mid-1984), Foraminifera and Calcareous Nannofos-sils can be viewed; Radiolaria and Diatoms will beprepared in the future. The present centers are ScrippsInstitution of Oceanography, California (W. R. Rie-del, tel. 619-452-4386); Basel Natural History Muse-um, Switzerland (J. B. Saunders, tel. 061-25.82.82);and New Zealand Geological Survey, Lower Hutt,New Zealand (A. R. Edwards, tel. 699.059). Futurecenters are likely to include Texas A&M University,College Station, Texas (S. Gartner, tel. 409-845-8479);Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.; Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, Palisades, NewYork; and an as yet undesignated center in Japan.

Further details concerning the paleontological refer-ence centers are reported periodically in the JOIDESJournal.

4. Distribution of Samples for Educational PurposesSamples may be available in limited quantities to col-lege-level educators for teaching purposes. Interestededucators should request application forms from theCurator, Ocean Drilling Program, Texas A&M Uni-versity, College Station, Texas 77843-3469, U.S.A. Re-questors are required to specify preferred sample sizeand location, to make a very clear statement of thenature of the coursework in which the samples will beused, to explain how the core samples will be pre-pared and how they will be used in the classroom, toexplain in detail why they cannot use similar materi-als derived from outcrops or dredge hauls (it is NOTacceptable to argue that it requires less effort for therequestor to obtain samples from ODP than to as-semble them from other sources), and to certify thatfunds are available to prepare the materials for class-room use. In general, only samples of materials whichare abundant in the collection and which are in littledemand for research purposes should be requestedfor educational purposes. The Curator will not ap-

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prove requests for materials which are limited in sup-ply or for which demand (real or potential) is great,including most paleontological materials.

5. Distribution of DataThe Deep Sea Drilling Project and the Ocean DrillingProgram routinely capture much of the data gener-ated onboard ship and published in Program reports.Additionally, data supplied by investigators who havereceived samples are incorporated into the data bases,so data sets which are larger than can be publishedare available to investigators. Magnetics, downholelogging, seismic reflection, bathymetric data, and oth-er data collected by the drilling vessel become avail-able for distribution to investigators at the same timeas core samples.

At least through mid-1986, DSDP data will continueto be distributed by the Data Base Manager, DeepSea Drilling Project, A-031, University of California,San Diego, California 92093, U.S.A. A charge willbe made to recover expenses in excess of $50.00 in-curred in filling individual requests. If required, esti-mates of charges can be furnished before the work isperformed. As DSDP phases down, DSDP data willbe available primarily from the National GeophysicalData Center, Boulder, Colorado.Requests for ODP data should be addressed to theData Base Manager, Ocean Drilling Program, TexasA&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3469,U.S.A. Many varieties of DSDP data will be includedin ODP data bases. Information on sources of DSDPdata will be available from the ODP Data Base Man-ager.

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CONTENTS

Chapter Page Chapter

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1 12.

PART I: INTRODUCTION AND SITE REPORTS

Page

13.

1. INTRODUCTION AND EXPLANATORYNOTES 5M. Baltuck, R. von Huene, and J. Aubouin

2. SITE 565 21Shipboard Scientific Party


4. SITE 567 111Shipboard Scientific Party 14.


6. SITE 569 233 15.Shipboard Scientific Party


PART II: PALEONTOLOGY 16.

8. CALCAREOUS NANNOFOSSIL BIOSTRA-TIGRAPHY OF THE MIDDLE AMERICATRENCH AND SLOPE, DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 84 339 17.M. V. Filewicz

9. MIOCENE TO PLEISTOCENE BENTHICFORAMINIFERS AND PALEOCEANOG-RAPHY OF THE MIDDLE AMERICASLOPE, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT 18.LEG 84 363K. McDougall

10. PLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERAL BIO-STRATIGRAPHY OF THE MIDDLEAMERICA TRENCH REGION, DEEP 19.SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 84 419S. M. Stone and G. Keller

11. UPPER OLIGOCENE TO RECENTPLANKTONIC FORAMINIFERALREMAINS IN SEDIMENTS OF THE 20.INNER WALL OF THE MIDDLEAMERICA TRENCH WITH SPECIALEMPHASIS ON GLOBOROTALIA 473G. Glaçon and J. Bourgois

CENOZOIC DIATOM BIOSTRATIG-RAPHY OF THE MIDDLE AMERICATRENCH AND SLOPE, DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 84B. Winsborough and W. H. Abbott

515

PRELIMINARY POLLEN ANALYSIS OFQUATERNARY SEDIMENTS FROM DEEPSEA DRILLING PROJECT SITE 565,WESTERN COSTA RICA 533S. P. Horn

PART III: SEDIMENTOLOGY AND IGNEOUSPETROLOGY

MASS MOVEMENT ALONG THE INNERWALL OF THE MIDDLE AMERICATRENCH, COSTA RICA 551M. Baltuck, E. Taylor, and K. McDougall

MINERALOGY AND DIAGENESIS OFSLOPE SEDIMENTS OFFSHORE GUATE-MALA AND COSTA RICA, DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 84 571R. Helm

MINERALOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY OFWEATHERED SERPENTINITES, DEEPSEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 84 595R. Helm

ASH LAYERS FROM DEEP SEA DRILL-ING PROJECT LEG 84: MIDDLE AMER-ICA TRENCH TRANSECT 609A. Pouclet, J. P. Cadet, K. Fujioka, andJ. Bourgois

IGNEOUS AND SEDIMENTARY ROCKSRECOVERED DURING DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT SITE SURVEYSOFF GUATEMALA 619R. von Huene, W. Friesen, and C. Blome

BRITTLE-DUCTILE SHEAR ZONES INSLOPE SEDIMENTS OFF GUATEMALA,SITES 568 AND 569, DEEP SEA DRILL-ING PROJECT LEG 84 625R. Helm and A. Vollbrecht

MAFIC AND ULTRAMIFIC ROCKSOF LEG 84: PETROLOGY ANDMINERALOGY 633J. Bourgois, A. Desmet, J. Tournon, andJ. Aubouin

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Chapter Page Chapter Page

21

22.

PETROLOGY AND RELICT MINERAL-OGY OF SERPENTINITES FROM DEEPSEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 84S. H. Bloomer

643

GEOCHEMISTRY, MINERALOGY, AND40K_40Ar RADIOMETRIC DATING OF LEG84 BASALTS—GUATEMALA TRENCH 655H. Bellon, R. C. Maury, J. L. Joron,J. Bourgois, and J. Aubouin

PART IV: GEOCHEMISTRY

23. GAS HYDRATES OF THE MIDDLEAMERICA TRENCH—DEEP SEADRILLING PROJECT LEG 84K. A. Kvenvolden and T. J. McDonald

24. ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION OF INTERSTI-TIAL FLUIDS AND ORIGIN OF METH-ANE IN SLOPE SEDIMENT OF THEMIDDLE AMERICA TRENCH, DEEPSEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 84G. E. Claypool, C. N. Threlkeld,P. N. Mankiewicz, M. A. Arthur,and T. F. Anderson

25. CARBON ISOTOPE COMPOSITION OFCH4 AND CO2 IN SEDIMENTS OF THEMIDDLE AMERICA TRENCHE. M. Galimov and I. Ju. Shabaeva

26. SHORE-BASED LABORATORY EXPERI-MENTAL MEASUREMENTS ON A GASHYDRATE SAMPLE RECOVERED ATSITE 570E. D. Sloan

27. GEOCHEMISTRY OF HYDRATE GASAND WATER FROM SITE 570, DEEPSEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 84J. M. Brooks, A. W. A. Jeffrey,T. J. McDonald, R. C. Pflaum,and K. A. Kvenvolden

28. NONVOLATILE ORGANIC MATTER ATSITES 565-570, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT LEG 84M. C. Kennicutt II, J. M. Brooks,T. J. McDonald, and R. C. Pflaum

29. ISOTOPIC ANALYSIS OF CORE GASESAT SITES 565-570, DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT LEG 84A. W. A. Jeffrey, R. C. Pflaum,T. J. McDonald, J. M. Brooks, andK. A. Kvenvolden

667

30. INTERSTITIAL WATER CHEMISTRY OFGAS-HYDRATE-BEARING SECTIONSON THE MIDDLE AMERICA TRENCHSLOPE, DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECTLEG 84R. Hesse, J. Lebel, and J. M. Gieskes

31. ORGANIC FACIES VARIATIONS INSEDIMENTS FROM LEG 84, OFFGUATEMALAD. Gilbert and R. Cunningham

PART V: STRUCTURAL AND GEOPHYSICALSTUDIES

32. GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF SEDI-MENTS FROM THE MIDDLE AMERICATRENCH AND SLOPEE. Taylor and W. R. Bryant

727

739

683

693

695

699

36.

37.

705

719 38.

33. DIRECT MEASUREMENT OF POREFLUID PRESSURE, LEG 84, GUATE-MALA AND COSTA RICAR. von Huene

34.

35.

SITE 570 METHANE HYDRATE ZONEM. A. Mathews and R. von Huene

OPHIOLITIC ROCKS OF THE MIDDLEAMERICA TRENCH LANDWARD SLOPEOFF GUATEMALA: DEFORMATIONALCHARACTERISTICS AND TECTONICSIGNIFICANCEY. Ogawa, K. Fujioka, T. Nishiyama,S. Uehara, and M. Nakagawa

745

767

773

791

VEIN STRUCTURE AND ITS DEFORMA-TIONAL HISTORY IN THE SEDIMEN-TARY ROCKS OF THE MIDDLE AMER-ICA TRENCH SLOPE OFF GUATEMALA,DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJECT LEG 84 .Y. Ogawa and Y. Miyata

A TECTONIC CROSS-SECTION OF THECOSTA RICAN PACIFIC LITTORAL ASA KEY TO THE STRUCTURE OF THELANDWARD SLOPE OF THE MIDDLEAMERICA TRENCH OFF GUATEMALA . .J. Azema, J. Bourgois, P. O. Baumgartner,J. Tournon, A. Desmet, and J. Aubouin

A HIGH RESOLUTION GEOPHYSICALSURVEY OF DEEP SEA DRILLING PROJ-ECT LEG 84 SITE 570A. M. Volpe, T. H. Shipley, and G. F. Moore

811

831

851

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Chapter Page

39. STRUCTURE AT THE TOE OF THE SUB-DUCTION COMPLEX: MIDDLE AMER-ICA TRENCH OFFSHORE GUATEMALA . . . 861E. L. Ambos and D. M. Hussong

40. SEISMIC STRATIGRAPHY OF THECONTINENTAL SHELF OFFSHOREGUATEMALA: IMPLICATIONS FORVERTICAL TECTONICS RELATED TOSUBDUCTION 879J. W. Ladd and S. Schroder

41. A STUDY OF GEOPHYSICAL DATAALONG THE DEEP SEA DRILLINGPROJECT ACTIVE MARGIN TRAN-SECT OFF GUATEMALA 895R. von Huene, J. Miller, D. Taylor, andD. Blackman

42. GUATEMALA MARGIN: A MODELOF CONVERGENT EXTENSIONALMARGIN? 911J. Aubouin, J. Bourgois, J. Azema, andR. von Huene

PART VI: SYNTHESES AND SUMMARIES

43. SEDIMENTOLOGY OF THE WESTERNCONTINENTAL SLOPE OF CENTRALAMERICA 921M. Baltuck, R. von Huene, and R. J. Arnott

44. SUMMARY: LEG 84, MIDDLE AMERICATRENCH TRANSECT OFF GUATEMALAAND COSTA RICA 939J. Aubouin and R. von Huene

Chapter Page

PART VII: APPENDICES

APPENDIX: INTERSTITIAL WATER STUD-IES, LEG 66 961J. M. Gieskes, K. Johnston, and M. Boehm

BACK-POCKET FOLDOUTS

CHAPTER 9: FIGURE 4. BIOFACES AND DIVERSITYTRENDS FOR DSDP SITE 570.

CHAPTER 9: FIGURE 5. BIOFACIES AND DIVER-SITY TRENDS FOR DSDP SITE 568.



CHAPTER 9: TABLE 2. FAUNAL DISTRIBUTION,SITE 568.

CHAPTER 41: PLATE I: SEISMIC RECORD GUA-18A, GUATEMALAN SHELF AND UPPERMOSTSLOPE.

CHAPTER 41: PLATE II: SEISMIC RECORD GUA-18B, LANDWARD AND SEAWARD SLOPE OFTHE MIDDLE AMERICA TRENCH, GUATE-MALA.

CHAPTER 41: PLATE III: SEISMIC RECORD GUA-13,LANDWARD SLOPE OF THE MIDDLE AMER-ICA TRENCH, GUATEMALA.

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84—ACKNOWLEDGMENTSIt is a pleasure for the Scientific Party of Leg 84 to ac-

knowledge the skill of Captain Clark and the crew of the Glo-mar Challenger in obtaining the samples and materials westudied. We thank Glen Foss for threading a delicate path be-tween our scientific ardor and the safety of the ship on thisvoyage of tectonic and organic geochemical discovery; theDSDP technical staff for their enthusiastic support and theiringenuity in devising the pore-water pressure versus depth in-strument out of materials at hand; and DSDP for the 5 km ofdrillpipe that now ornament the seafloor around Site 567.

The production staff of DSDP was a pleasure to work withas they turned our manuscripts into a blue book. Special thanksgo to Kathy Sanderson whose drafting metamorphosed oursketches into fine art work, and to Susan Orlofsky whose ed-iting of our papers reduced our missing units in figures, mis-cited references, and the exotic melange of an internationalcrew of scientists' convoluted phrases to acceptable levels ofcomprehensibility.

We thank Elaine Bruer and Madeleine Mahnken for theirtypesetting and drafting of the core descriptions (barrel sheets),Carol Bertling and Nancy Durham for their service as com-munications center for our correspondence, and Mary Young-Tardiff for monitoring the production of the volume.

We also thank the Guatemalan and Costa Rican govern-ments for permitting us to drill in their territorial waters, andwe thank Yves Lancelot for his timely efforts in dealing sowell with the unusual problems encountered and engenderedduring the work at sea. The assistance of Gabriel Dengo andhis support for the Project are singularly appreciated. Finally,we thank the people and governments of the IPOD membercountries for providing the funds to support the science andscientists of the Deep Sea Drilling Project.

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