Ast

rono

mic

azi

mut

h de

term

inat

ion

by th

e ob

serv

atio

ns o

f Pol

aris

- h

our a

ngle

met

hod

Obs

erve

r:…

……

……

…..…

……

…..

Lo

cal D

ate:

……

……

……

.……

…. S

tar o

bser

ved:

α U

rsae

Min

oris

(Pol

aris

)

Com

pute

r:……

……

……

……

……

….

Loca

tion:

Pilla

r # …

……

……

……

Rig

ht A

scen

son

(α):…

……

……

……

.

Inst

rum

ent:

Wild

T2

Φ

= …

……

……

……

……

……

…...

Dec

linat

ion

(δ):…

……

……

……

……

….

Chr

onog

raph

: sto

p w

atch

……

……

... Λ

= …

……

……

……

……

……

…...

Ear

th O

bjec

t:……

……

……

……

……

….

Rad

io s

igna

ls: W

WV

Boul

der C

olor

ado

Chr

onom

eter

cor

r. (C

C):…

…

V_

circ

le

R

eadi

ng to

Ear

th

obje

ct –

Ro

° ′

″

R

eadi

ng to

st

ar -

Rs

° ′

″

time

(sto

p w

atch

) h

m s

U

T≡U

T1

h

m s

R

+∆R

h m

s

Lo

cal H

our

Ang

le (h

i ) h

m s

A

i star

° ′

″

i s

left 0R

R−

( i

=1÷6

) °

′ ″

Azi

mut

h to

the

obje

ct

(A i o)

°

′ ″

o

oi

AA

v−

=i

″

1

2

34

56

78

910

11le

ft R

o1 =

1

R

s1 =

2

R

s2 =

3

R

s3 =

4

R

s4 =

5

R

s5 =

6

R

s6 =

Ro2 =

R

o2 - Ro1

=

=+

=2/)

RR(

R2 0

1 0left 0

(con

tinua

tion)

V_ci

rcle

/obs

#

R

eadi

ng to

Ear

th

obje

ct –

Ro

° ′

″

R

eadi

ng to

st

ar -

Rs

° ′

″

time

(sto

p w

atch

) h

m s

U

T≡U

T1

h

m s

R

+∆R

h m

s

Lo

cal H

our

Ang

le (h

i ) h

m s

A

i star

° ′

″

i s

right

0R

R−

( i=

7÷12

) °

′ ″

Azi

mut

h to

the

obje

ct

(A i o)

°

′ ″

o

oi

AA

v−

=i

″

1

2

34

56

78

910

11rig

ht

Ro1 =

7

R

s7 =

8

R

s8 =

9

R

s9 =

10

Rs10

=

11

Rs11

=

12

Rs12

=

Ro2 =

Ro2 - R

o1 =

To

tal

n =

=+

=2/)

RR(

R2 0

1 0right

0

∑ =

==

n 1i

mean

5_#

column

n1UT

∑ =

==

n 1i

010

_#column

n1A

=−

=′′

∑ =n 1i

ii

0A

1nvv

m

==

′′n

mM

0A

0A

FI

NA

L A

ZIM

UTH

(A0)

=

±

FOR

MU

LAS

C

hron

omet

er c

orre

ctio

n (C

C)

U

TC (r

adio

sig

nal)

-

tim

e (s

top

wat

ch)

+ ?D

UTC

(mar

k k

from

radi

o si

gnal

)

≥−

−

<<

+

)9n(

1.0x)8k(

)8k

0(1.0

kxs

s

C

C

UT≡

UT1

U

T=tim

e (s

top

wat

ch) +

CC

Tr

ansf

orm

atio

n fr

om s

olar

to s

ider

al ti

me

E.

Eq)

12(

UT

GAST

hm

+−

α+

=

whe

re: r

ight

asc

ensi

on o

f the

fict

ious

Sun

is:

ss

mh

0T

542

.8640184

836

.45

3812

++

=α

2

sm

T0929

.Eq

.E is

the

angl

e be

twee

n Tr

ue a

nd M

ean

equi

nox.

RR

E.Eq

)12

(h

m∆

+=

+−

αis

tabu

late

d in

Sta

r Alm

anac

as

follo

win

g:

R

from

SU

N-F

ebru

ary

(Mar

ch) (

p. 1

-7)

∆R

from

Inte

rpol

atio

n ta

ble

for R

(p. 7

0-72

) Ex

ampl

e: J

anua

ry 0

6, 2

002,

16:

00 U

T

R

= 7h

03m 3

4.3s

(for c

lose

st U

T=12

:00)

∆R

=

39.

4s (for

the

diffe

renc

e of

04:

00 h

ours

)

R+∆

R=7

h 04m

13.

7s

Rig

ht A

scen

sion

(α) a

nd D

eclin

atio

n (δ

) of P

olar

is

Inte

rpol

ate α

and

δ fr

om p

age

54. o

f Sta

r Alm

anac

usi

ng

UT m

ean

as

an a

rgum

ent.

Loca

l hou

r ang

le (h

)

UT

+ R

+∆R

+

Λ

LAST

(loc

al a

ppar

ent s

ider

al ti

me)

-

α

LHA

(loca

l hou

r ang

le)

Inst

ant a

stro

nom

ical

azi

mut

h of

Pol

aris

for e

poch

i

i

ii star

cosh

sin

tan

cos

sinh

Atan

Φ+

δΦ

−=

A

stro

nom

ic a

zim

uth

of E

arth

obj

ect f

or e

poch

i

Ai o = A

i star

+ c

olum

n_#1

0 St

atis

tics

for t

he a

stro

nom

ic a

zim

uth

of E

arth

obj

ect

Com

pute

the

mea

n va

lue

0A

, th

e st

anda

rd d

evia

tion

of a

n

azim

uth

dete

rmin

atio

n m

oA′′

and

the

stan

dard

dev

iatio

n of

mea

n

azim

uth

oA

M′′

usin

g th

e fo

rmul

as

in

the

tabl

e.