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Supplementary file- Chemosphere

Arsenic mitigation in rice grain loading via alternative irrigation by proposed water management practices

Anamika Shrivastavaψ, Anil Barlaψ, Arnab Majumdar, Surjit Singh, and Sutapa Bose*

Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, West Bengal, India-741246

ψEqually Contributed-

*Corresponding Author-

E mail: [email protected] , [email protected]

This file contains-

Tables S1 to S2

Figures S1 to S5

Addition figures of sampling area separately.

Additional data set of the whole experimentation

Table S1.Standard operating conditions of the ICP-MS used for the analysis

PARAMETER ICPMS (Thermo Scientific X-Series 2)

RF Power 4.2 KwCarrier Gas Flow Rate 20 ml/minCollision Cell Gas He (93%) + H (7%)

Collision Cell Gas Flow Rate 2-10 ml /minNebulizer Pump Rate 0.5 rps (30 RPM)Uptake Time 30 s

Wash Time 60- 70 s

Table S2. Concentration of elements in standard reference materials by ICP-MS

Elements

Water

SRM 1640a (elements in µg/l) (n = 4)

Soil

SRM 2711a (As & Cu in mg/kg;

Fe &Mn in %) (n = 5)

Rice

SRM 1568b (elements in mg/kg) (n = 4)

Certified Calculated % RSD Certified Calculated % RSD Certified Calculated % RSD

As 8.1 ± 0.1 8.3 ± 0.3 3.5 107 ± 5 104.2 ± 2.9 2.8 0.28 0.22 ± 0.005 2.6

Cu 85.75 ± 0.5 84.42 ± 0.1 0.1 140 ± 2 132 ± 4.2 3.2 2.35 ± 0.2 2.25 ± 0.06 2.8

Fe 36.8 ± 1.7 37.36 ± 0.1 0.22 0.14 ± 0.1 0.16 3.1 7.42 ± 0.5 6.98 ± 0.13 1.9

Mn 40.39 ± 0.4 39.15 ± 0.1 0.3 1.07 ± 0.1 1 3 19.20 ± 1.8 16.70 ± 0.27 1.6

Analysis of standard reference materials (SRMs) reported as a mean ± standard deviation; n is number of measurements; % RSD is relative

standard deviation.

Figure S1. Elemental concentrations in soil and groundwater samples collected during Boro rice cultivation from 2013 to 2016 before Amon cultivation.

Soil and water samples were analyzed for iron (a,d), manganese (b,e) and chromium (c,f) in subsequent years from all the three fields with one control fields and rest two continuous flooding (CF) and intermittent flooding (IF). Cultivation was primarily done using ground water for all the fields. Data represented here are the mean of triplicated values with calculated standard deviation (SD) in red error bar.For statistical significance, student’s t-test was carried where ‘***’ represents p<0.001, ‘**’ is p<0.01 and ‘*’ is p<0.05 significance level.

Figure S2. Elemental concentrations in rice grain samples collected during Boro rice cultivation from 2013 to 2016 before Amon cultivation.

Rice grain samples were analyzed for iron (a), manganese (b) and chromium (c) in subsequent years from both the two experimental fields with one continuous flooding (CF) and the other intermittent flooding (IF). Cultivation was primarily done using contaminated ground water for all the fields and collected just before harvesting. Data represented here are the mean of triplicated values with calculated standard deviation (SD) in red error bar.For statistical significance, student’s t-test was carried where ‘***’ represents p<0.001, ‘**’ is p<0.01 and ‘*’ is p<0.05 significance level.

Figure S3. Elemental concentrations in soil samples collected during Amon rice cultivation from 2013 to 2016 after Boro cultivation.

Soil samples were analyzed for arsenic (a), iron (b), manganese (c) and chromium (d) in subsequent years from all the three fields with one control fields and rest two continuous flooding (CF) and intermittent flooding (IF). Cultivation was primarily done using rain water for all the fields. Data represented here are the mean of triplicated values with calculated standard deviation (SD) in red error bar.For statistical significance, student’s t-test was carried where ‘***’ represents p<0.001, ‘**’ is p<0.01 and ‘*’ is p<0.05 significance level.

Figure S4. Elemental concentrations in field water samples collected during Amon rice cultivation from 2013 to 2016 after Boro cultivation.

Water samples were analyzed for arsenic (a), iron (b), manganese (c) and chromium (d) in subsequent years from all the three fields with one control fields and rest two continuous flooding (CF) and intermittent flooding (IF). Cultivation was primarily done using rain water for all the fields and collected thereafter. Data represented here are the mean of triplicated values with calculated standard deviation (SD) in red error bar.

Figure S5. Elemental concentrations in rice grain samples collected during Amon rice cultivation from 2013 to 2016 after Boro cultivation.

Rice grain samples were analyzed for arsenic (a), iron (b), manganese (c) and chromium (d) in subsequent years from both the two experimental fields with one continuous flooding (CF) and the other intermittent flooding (IF). Cultivation was primarily done using rain water for all the fields and collected just before harvesting. Data represented here are the mean of triplicated values with calculated standard deviation (SD) in red error bar.For statistical significance, student’s t-test was carried where ‘***’ represents p<0.001, ‘**’ is p<0.01 and ‘*’ is p<0.05 significance level.

Graphical images of sampling area-

Extra Table 1. Boro soil elemental concentrations in 2013 (Values are mean of triplicate data with standard deviation, SD).

As Fe Mn Cr

Sampling

Fields R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD

S1 Control

6.11 6.84 6.32 6.43 0.31 3915.89 3914.56 3788.96 3873.13 59.52 82.13 84.65 89.66 85.48 3.13

72.82 74.68 79.35 75.62 2.75

S2 7.24 7.46 7.36 7.35 0.09 4889.03 4803.45 4759.35 4817.27 53.84 96.44 95.35 96.48 96.09 0.52

75.40 75.89 74.63 75.31 0.52

S3 8.49 8.66 8.19 8.45 0.20 5856.00 5768.22 5709.46 5777.89 60.22 101.54

107.36

107.36

105.42

2.74

77.36 79.44 78.23 78.35 0.85

S1 IF 32.95 32.89 31.58 32.47 0.63 13646.19

13649.75

13722.19

13672.71

35.02 191.34

184.65

189.65

188.55

2.84

85.36 84.22 86.49 85.35 0.93

S2 37.82 37.99 37.05 37.62 0.41 16049.58

16134.68

16281.78

16155.34

95.92 209.03

207.75

211.85

209.54

1.71

99.24 98.13 1.25 66.20 45.94

S3 41.91 40.29 41.37 41.19 0.67 16905.40

16768.34

16862.46

16845.40

57.24 231.46

232.79

213.74

226.00

8.68

109.74

113.75

122.47

115.32

5.32

S1 CF 41.15 41.37 42.06 41.53 0.39 18550.83

18496.34

19076.20

18707.79

261.45

275.46

275.38

267.15

272.66

3.90

98.91 98.35 95.65 97.64 1.42

S2 45.97 45.78 46.39 46.04 0.25 19947.15

19662.38

19248.65

19619.39

286.78

281.58

267.48

274.35

274.47

5.76

103.18

108.79

102.80

104.92

2.74

S3 49.12 50.36 49.59 49.69 0.51 22398.24

22187.35

21548.85

22044.81

361.11

314.65

319.23

334.85

322.91

8.65

109.68

124.35

116.49

116.84

6.00


As Fe Mn Cr

Sampling

Fields R1 R2 R3 Mean

SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD

S1 Control

7.55 7.65 8.24 7.81 0.30

6635.08 6678.45 6378.94 6564.16 132.16 166.32

167.14.96

172.14

169.23

2.91

86.23 84.46 89.16 86.62 1.94

S2 7.86 8.64 9.22 8.57 0.56

6524.67 6278.36 6549.29 6450.77 122.33 169.08

164.25 170.66

168.00

2.73

90.20 91.78 92.37 91.45 0.91

S3 8.09 8.79 9.34 8.74 0.51

6843.67 6739.24 67.19 4550.03 3170.13

178.68

189.35 176.39

181.47

5.65

97.36 94.22 93.18 94.92 1.78

S1 IF 45.75

48.31

44.78

46.28

1.49

10168.35

10189.62

10206.17

10188.05

15.48 260.85

264.22 271.36

265.48

4.38

121.47

116.48

109.37

115.77

4.96

S2 46.56

46.77

48.29

47.21

0.77

11425.59

11671.64

11622.39

11573.21

106.30 267.20

271.88 279.19

272.76

4.93

121.45

128.69

130.44

126.86

3.89

S3 47.51

48.31

45.67

47.16

1.11

12387.67

11961.78

11236.28

11861.91

475.33 273.01

288.26 274.25

278.51

6.92

122.19

124.34

127.68

124.74

2.26

S1 CF 56.14

59.38

57.66

57.73

1.32

17566.37

17698.34

17486.31

17583.67

87.42 366.17

369.34 371.87

369.13

2.33

128.69

130.47

130.78

129.98

0.92

S2 57.51

58.23

59.14

58.29

0.67

18037.54

18067.96

18369.11

18158.20

149.65 369.27

366.49 367.61

367.79

1.14

132.05

136.58

131.49

133.37

2.28

S3 58.72

57.14

56.39

57.42

0.97

18624.49

19037.18

18779.24

18813.64

170.23 377.98

388.39 377.19

381.19

5.10

132.65

134.65

137.99

135.10

2.20


As Fe Mn Cr

Sampling



S1 Control

9.21 9.47 9.48 9.39 0.13

17825.00

17982.65 17235.19

17680.95

321.70 174.39

181.23

179.26

178.29

2.87 87.86 84.96 90.17 87.66 2.13

S2 14.17

15.67

14.98

14.94

0.61

21092.22

210124.36

21088.64

84101.74

89111.45

183.42

185.24

187.63

185.43

1.72 90.53 92.37 92.89 91.93 1.01

S3 13.77

14.06

14.26

14.03

0.20

23227.67

23749.19 23489.32

23488.73

212.91 187.01

190.34

188.29

188.55

1.37 96.49 97.35 99.76 97.87 1.38

S1 IF 28.27

27.36

29.21

28.28

0.76

20658.33

20178.34 20537.19

20457.95

203.81 213.93

210.37

220.17

214.82

4.05 118.06

108.26

112.37

112.90

4.02

S2 31.66

31.56

32.95

32.06

0.63

21678.89

21598.36 21622.89

21633.38

33.70 218.17

221.64

24.89 154.90

91.94

119.86

124.84

120.63

121.78

2.19

S3 33.89

32.78

34.98

33.88

0.90

22691.11

22489.78 22499.31

22560.07

92.74 224.59

230.78

229.49

228.29

2.67 119.90

122.89

126.99

123.26

2.91

S1 CF 36.38

34.78

36.29

35.82

0.73

22155.33

22189.75 22468.29

22271.12

140.12 219.20

214.95

217.67

217.27

1.76 127.83

137.25

127.46

130.85

4.53

S2 38.92

39.47

40.19

39.53

0.52

23465.11

23735.84 23759.18

23653.38

133.46 234.58

231.84

237.22

234.55

2.20 137.84

139.26

137.96

138.35

0.64

S3 46.35

49.70

43.59

46.55

2.50

24102.11

24667.36 24238.99

24336.15

240.77 237.97

236.38

239.41

237.92

1.24 135.56

141.87

144.21

140.55

3.65


As Fe Mn Cr

Sampling



S1 Control

5.71 6.09 6.94 6.25 0.51

35030.22

35149.36

35109.22

35096.27

49.49 248.69

247.19

250.11

248.66

1.19 68.03 64.29 67.11 66.48 1.59

S2 7.98 6.87 6.77 7.21 0.55

27774.44

27483.45

27396.44

27551.44

161.64

306.30

306.48

299.54

304.11

3.23 73.21 72.96 74.19 73.45 0.53

S3 7.13 8.32 7.94 7.80 0.50

30245.56

30267.91

30411.78

30308.42

73.66 224.24

247.89

250.36

240.83

11.77

61.09 65.44 63.97 63.50 1.81

S1 IF 35.84

34.69

35.06

35.20 0.48

37236.00

37685.33

37466.21

37462.51

183.46

640.38

608.29

607.36

618.68

15.35

106.47

109.23

110.78

108.83

1.78

S2 34.28

35.89

35.79

35.32 0.74

38224.33

38489.11

38631.74

38448.39

168.80

659.94

621.39

647.44

642.92

16.06

91.67 92.37 93.47 92.50 0.74

S3 33.45

36.19

37.44

35.69 1.67

39062.22

39301.28

39115.26

39159.59

102.50

637.92

658.17

682.34

659.48

18.16

95.13 96.11 98.26 96.50 1.31

S1 CF 42.41

43.65

44.19

43.42 0.75

36713.78

36712.68

36554.21

36660.22

74.96 659.40

649.18

631.29

646.62

11.62

99.55 102.17

100.87

100.86

1.07

S2 35.28

36.48

34.87

35.54 0.68

37714.11

37336.17

37317.14

37455.81

182.81

622.88

625.33

631.07

626.43

3.43 68.79 68.36 69.18 68.78 0.33

S3 36.09

35.98

36.81

36.29 0.37

38210.00

38036.48

38324.96

38190.48

118.58

678.64

669.17

662.78

670.20

6.52 67.71 69.77 70.39 69.29 1.14

Extra Table 5. Bororice plantelemental concentrations in 2013 (Values are mean of triplicate data with standard deviation, SD).

Continuously Flooded Field

As Fe Mn Cr

Growth Phase

Plant Parts

R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD

Vegetative Root 13.66 13.78

14.65 14.03 0.44 7045.15 7034.59 7108.55 7062.76 32.66

17.71 18.46

18.67 18.28 0.41

1.42

2.13 1.98 1.84 0.31

Shoot0.51 0.65 0.58 0.58 0.06 52.76 54.68 51.87 53.10 1.17

21.89 24.36

27.61 24.62 2.34

0.55

0.64 0.72 0.64 0.07

Reproductive

Root 19.83 18.97

19.07 19.29 0.38

16242.50 16388.19 16287.44

16306.04 60.91

17.94 19.08

18.76 18.59 0.48

1.46

1.65 1.88 1.66 0.17

Shoot1.77 1.48 1.00 1.42 0.32 54.22 62.39 58.43 58.35 3.33

20.55 21.48

22.64 21.56 0.86

0.92

0.86 0.92 0.90 0.03

Ripening Root 21.96 22.49

23.07 22.51 0.45

18050.13 18109.55 18097.28

18085.65 25.61

28.45 27.98

28.45 28.29 0.22

1.78

1.99 2.07 1.95 0.12

Shoot0.29 0.35 0.30 0.31 0.02 138.85 121.74 106.39 122.33 13.26

13.79 13.65

14.88 14.11 0.55

0.26

0.61 0.43 0.43 0.14

grain1.55 1.06 1.87 1.49 0.33 39.07 31.87 40.88 37.27 3.89 5.26 6.59 6.81 6.22 0.68

0.39

0.44 0.51 0.45 0.05

Intermittent Field

Growth Plant R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD

Phase PartsVegetative Root

9.67 9.49 8.89 9.35 0.3311597.67 11892.71 116589.13

46693.17 49424.05

15.97 14.98

17.66 16.20 1.11

0.26

0.24 0.61 0.37 0.17

Shoot0.33 0.42 0.36 0.37 0.04 58.43 58.19 53.77 56.80 2.14

17.92 19.68

18.46 18.69 0.74

0.43

0.43 0.55 0.47 0.06

Reproductive

Root 10.40 11.49

10.87 10.92 0.45

10446.72 10896.29 10874.86

10739.29 207.06

17.02 17.96

19.77 18.25 1.14

0.77

0.73 0.94 0.81 0.09

Shoot0.34 0.54 0.49 0.46 0.08 80.49 91.23 88.49 86.74 4.56

27.94 29.68

30.41 29.34 1.03

0.29

0.32 0.34 0.32 0.02


12.47 12.24 0.44

21354.95 21734.48 21359.49

21482.97 177.85

21.48 24.09

22.73 22.77 1.06

0.95

0.99 1.06 1.00 0.05

Shoot0.41 0.51 0.64 0.52 0.09 105.05 112.48 107.64 108.39 3.08 9.59 10.46 9.76 9.94 0.38

0.27

0.41 0.37 0.35 0.06

grain0.93 0.89 0.99 0.94 0.04 27.30 31.44 30.79 29.84 1.82 2.34 3.44 2.86 2.88 0.45

0.27

0.26 0.51 0.35 0.11



As Fe Mn Cr

Growth Phase

Plant Parts

R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean

SD

Vegetative Root 14.31 15.06 14.98 14.78 0.34

2899.78 2817.34 2866.49 2861.20 33.86 213.45

217.54 220.49

217.16 2.89 5.60

6.18 5.97 5.92 0.24

Shoot 0.47 0.47 0.61 0.52 0.07

150.70 141.55 139.64 143.96 4.83 114.65

108.64 112.89

112.06 2.52 1.72

1.48 1.68 1.63 0.10

Reproductive

Root 18.02 19.61 17.29 18.31 0.97

4576.34 4561.29 4498.79 4545.47 33.58 203.82

209.47 216.49

209.93 5.18 5.69

6.44 5.91 6.01 0.31

Shoot 0.67 0.73 0.59 0.66 0.06

296.04 269.37 288.21 284.54 11.19 117.57

119.78 113.21

116.85 2.73 2.33

2.79 2.46 2.53 0.19

Ripening Root 23.18 22.48 24.33 23.33 0.76

6530.56 6487.26 6511.89 6509.90 17.73 234.79

241.23 249.87

241.96 6.18 6.04

5.88 6.01 5.98 0.07

Shoot 0.67 0.81 0.69 0.72 0.06

413.02 451.22 460.17 441.47 20.45 244.70

240.77 253.46

246.31 5.30 7.93

8.67 8.11 8.24 0.32

grain 1.34 1.32 1.17 1.28 0.08

7.99 8.09 8.66 8.25 0.30 22.08 27.84 29.91 26.61 3.31 0.05

0.08 0.06 0.06 0.01

Intermittent Field

Growth Phase

Plant Parts

R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean

SD

Vegetative Root 8.21 7.86 9.18 8.42 0.56

1937.80 1899.14 1937.23 1924.72 18.09 143.25

157.16 148.33

149.58 5.75 0.08

0.07 0.08 0.08 0.01

Shoot 0.41 0.54 0.62 0.52 0.09

48.08 49.17 47.68 48.31 0.63 121.23

127.34 129.62

126.06 3.54 0.02

0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00

Reproductive

Root 13.20 13.27 15.97 14.15 1.29

2410.98 2467.19 2389.65 2422.61 32.71 103.88

108.37 109.66

107.30 2.48 0.38

0.41 0.35 0.38 0.02

Shoot 0.72 0.83 0.94 0.83 0.09

121.70 131.48 147.21 133.46 10.51 107.18

111.78 104.89

107.95 2.87 0.28

0.31 0.42 0.34 0.06

Ripening Root 20.00 21.31 20.77 20.69 0.54

2634.06 2578.34 2607.49 2606.63 22.76 121.33

131.74 135.64

129.57 6.04 1.28

1.59 1.47 1.45 0.13

Shoot 0.67 0.53 0.61 0.60 0.06

111.10 98.55 106.84 105.50 5.21 125.34

128.34 131.66

128.45 2.58 0.44

0.51 0.62 0.52 0.07

grain 0.97 1.08 1.12 1.06 0.06

10.75 12.65 11.79 11.73 0.78 22.51 27.98 25.49 25.33 2.24 0.04

0.08 0.06 0.06 0.02



As Fe Mn Cr

Growth Phase

Plant Parts


Vegetative Root 54.95 56.48 52.98 54.80 1.43 3933.72 3498.11 3764.28 3732.04 179.29 88.72 92.07 91.33 90.71 1.44 13.80

15.08 14.67 14.52 0.54

Shoot 3.67 4.19 4.67 4.18 0.41 302.88 316.48 345.21 321.52 17.64 111.15 107.64 114.67 111.15

2.87 1.45 1.64 1.21 1.43 0.18

Reproductive Root 58.59 61.37 59.06 59.67 1.22 5289.23 5341.18 5478.64 5369.68 79.91 74.74 81.36 79.27 78.46 2.76 19.53

18.92 17.36 18.60 0.91

Shoot 2.97 2.67 3.11 2.92 0.18 562.92 562.84 596.74 574.17 15.96 137.70 140.97 146.33 141.67

3.56 8.54 8.06 9.12 8.57 0.43

Ripening Root 55.28 54.87 58.29 56.15 1.53 4692.62 4387.19 4791.28 4623.70 172.02 71.18 78.29 73.55 74.34 2.96 19.99

20.14 18.67 19.60 0.66

Shoot 2.47 3.01 2.77 2.75 0.22 613.54 589.22 601.37 601.38 9.93 116.74 119.65 109.18 115.19

4.41 9.91 10.33 11.05 10.43 0.47

grain 1.04 1.12 1.06 1.07 0.03 83.34 77.65 95.56 85.52 7.47 22.52 25.71 28.22 25.48 2.33 1.46 1.85 1.22 1.51 0.26

Intermittent Field

Growth Phase

Plant Parts


Vegetative Root 154.27 1.37 148.77 101.47 70.82 7851.73 7922.48 7831.91 7868.71 38.87 51.25 53.98 54.18 53.14 1.34 24.13

21.79 25.61 23.84 1.57

Shoot 4.93 4.79 5.21 4.98 0.17 432.00 427.61 421.31 426.97 4.39 104.14 107.98 110.66 107.59

2.68 2.90 3.71 2.45 3.02 0.52

Reproductive Root 210.95 224.65

210.78 215.46 6.50 10052.80

10037.49 10157.88

10082.72 53.51 88.06 89.17 93.41 90.21 2.30 25.99

23.49 28.31 25.93 1.97

Shoot 6.55 6.18 6.73 6.49 0.23 587.09 591.24 277.64 485.32 146.86 156.98 162.78 158.33 159.36

2.48 7.80 7.99 9.06 8.28 0.55


180.31 174.75 7.26 9609.26 9634.81 9981.29 9741.79 169.68 84.58 91.36 89.05 88.33 2.81 23.00

24.56 25.01 24.19 0.86

Shoot 8.45 7.94 8.24 8.21 0.21 722.99 764.17 726.35 737.84 18.67 118.50 120.47 115.61 118.19

2.00 5.61 6.33 4.97 5.64 0.56

grain 1.42 1.06 1.13 1.20 0.15 287.30 264.12 255.32 268.91 13.49 27.82 29.11 27.53 28.15 0.69 1.40 1.23 1.42 1.35 0.09



As Fe Mn Cr

Growth Phase

Plant Parts

R1 R2 R3 Mean


Vegetative Root 56.97 61.23 59.06 59.09 1.74 25674.67

26781.56 26881.02 26445.75 546.75

132.39 149.22 151.06

144.22 8.40 29.59 31.88 34.36 31.94 1.95

Shoot

7.62 8.29 9.12 8.34 0.61 4809.33 4715.22 4879.34 4801.30 67.24 47.61 48.92 53.27 49.93 2.42 8.33 9.17 10.36 9.29 0.83

Reproductive Root 53.84 57.68 52.36 54.63 2.24 22266.67

22498.59 22834.18 22533.15 232.97

131.07 16.37 133.89

93.78 54.75 29.83 31.47 36.52 32.61 2.85

Shoot

8.25 8.99 9.65 8.96 0.57 4994.67 5027.34 4983.26 5001.76 18.68 58.27 59.61 62.78 60.22 1.89 14.47 16.89 17.08 16.15 1.19

Ripening Root 37.18 41.23 43.61 40.67 2.66 20099.67

20347.15 20369.14 20271.99 122.18

125.50 130.19 129.77

128.49 2.12 25.52 27.01 28.33 26.95 1.15

Shoot

17.38 18.91 17.01 17.77 0.82 5205.67 5167.65 5288.78 5220.70 50.58 53.71 59.38 60.11 57.73 2.86 14.10 16.98 15.86 15.65 1.19

grain 1.51 1.46 1.76 1.58 0.13 512.40 527.09 543.11 527.53 12.54 75.09 79.66 81.35 78.70 2.64 7.03 8.64 9.12 8.26 0.89

Intermittent Field

Growth Phase

Plant Parts

R1 R2 R3 Mean


Vegetative Root 27.07 31.08 32.66 30.27 2.35 11333.33

11479.35 11361.82 11391.50 63.20 107.00 109.47 105.66

107.38 1.58 22.81 27.11 26.58 25.50 1.91

Shoot

3.60 3.48 5.19 4.09 0.78 2196.00 2163.26 2108.64 2155.97 36.04 45.54 51.28 49.67 48.83 2.42 2.43 3.47 2.98 2.96 0.42

Reproductive Root 21.39 21.67 25.97 23.01 2.10 11290.00

11961.28 11735.06 11662.11 278.86

109.77 110.79 118.31

112.96 3.81 22.83 24.58 29.37 25.59 2.77

Shoot

3.08 3.92 4.37 3.79 0.53 2097.00 2178.64 2099.56 2125.07 37.90 65.40 72.11 73.94 70.48 3.67 9.79 11.34 10.94 10.69 0.66

Ripening Root 19.15 20.46 21.03 20.21 0.79 3765.33 3561.55 3699.17 3675.35 84.88 92.80 88.99 92.37 91.39 1.70 19.43 18.77 21.05 19.75 0.96

Shoot

2.99 4.01 3.89 3.63 0.46 7167.67 7135.88 7249.92 7184.49 48.05 60.97 67.11 63.98 64.02 2.51 8.37 9.33 10.83 9.51 1.01

grain 0.52 0.61 0.43 0.52 0.07 279.17 328.31 375.88 327.79 39.48 26.23 31.08 29.65 28.99 2.03 1.55 1.22 1.17 1.31 0.17

Extra Table 9. Borogroundwaterelemental concentrations in 2013 (Values are mean of triplicate data with standard deviation, SD).


As Fe Mn Cr

Samplings R1 R2 R3 Mean


S1 59.51 59.35 59.88 59.58 0.22 1557.90 1547.33

1559.15 1554.79

5.30 121.67 124.77

130.21 125.55 3.53 0.69 0.78 0.81 0.76 0.05

S2 60.31 60.48 60.78 60.52 0.19 3315.67 349.15 3298.65 2321.16

1394.44 186.53 196.78

178.25 187.19 7.58 0.67 0.62 0.56 0.62 0.05

S3 69.62 69.18 69.78 69.53 0.25 8027.67 8106.77

8069.56 8068.00

32.31 75.34 81.35 81.66 79.45 2.91 0.62 0.65 0.59 0.62 0.02

Intermittent Field



S1 22.43 22.68 23.07 22.73 0.26 3634.00 3647.19

3589.22 3623.47

24.81 149.57 157.55

160.23 155.78 4.53 0.56 0.81 0.69 0.69 0.10

S2 24.59 24.36 25.17 24.71 0.34 3417.00 3478.55

3508.65 3468.07

38.14 204.66 210.64

211.96 209.09 3.18 0.60 0.58 0.71 0.63 0.06

S3 28.82 28.69 29.16 28.89 0.20 1181.00 1157.00

1192.08 1176.69

14.64 88.37 95.61 92.33 92.10 2.96 0.22 0.41 0.42 0.35 0.09

Control Field



S1 34.77 33.98 34.56 34.44 0.33 1383.70 1287.69

1358.04 1343.14

40.59 104.22 109.67

112.36 108.75 3.39 0.38 0.26 0.34 0.33 0.05

S2 41.08 41.26 41.88 41.41 0.34 1937.24 2078.33

1988.64 2001.40

58.30 143.44 151.29

148.67 147.80 3.26 0.65 0.69 0.71 0.68 0.02

S3 47.55 48.12 47.32 47.66 0.34 2633.00 2539.66

2621.44 2598.03

41.55 233.87 26.09 252.77 170.91 102.69

0.76 0.78 0.83 0.79 0.03


Continuously Flooded

Field

As Fe Mn Cr

Samplings

R1 R2 R3 Mean

SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean

SD

S1 61.07

62.45

64.33

62.62

1.34

5497.67

5436.89

5627.16

5520.57

79.35 349.88

341.22

368.99

353.36

11.60

0.44

0.84

0.69

0.66 0.16

S2 62.34

60.15

62.89

61.79

1.18

2377.67

2509.11

2446.89

2444.56

53.69 230.46

250.69

248.63

243.26

9.09 0.81

0.88

0.95

0.88 0.06

S3 70.74

71.29

70.44

70.82

0.35

2343.67

2368.25

2477.93

2396.62

58.37 108.33

116.37

112.79

112.50

3.29 0.60

0.62

0.48

0.57 0.06

Intermittent Field

Samplings

R1 R2 R3 Mean


SD

S1 32.91

33.14

32.89

32.98

0.11

1791.33

1789.36

1807.55

1796.08

8.15 311.54

324.15

314.99

316.89

5.32 0.27

0.19

0.34

0.27 0.06

S2 41.97

42.36

41.89

42.07

0.20

1758.33

1739.44

1845.64

1781.14

46.26 231.77

237.95

240.18

236.63

3.56 0.33

0.43

0.51

0.42 0.07

S3 40.29

41.22

42.08

41.20

0.73

1707.64

1809.64

1736.89

1751.39

42.89 98.39 96.38 105.77

100.18

4.04 0.30

0.39

0.38

0.36 0.04

Control Field

Samplings

R1 R2 R3 Mean


SD

S1 34.09

35.78

33.98

34.62

0.82

1821.09

1896.22

1877.19

1864.83

31.89 107.50

115.69

121.36

114.85

5.69 0.47

0.51

0.55

0.51 0.03

S2 40.68

40.36

39.68

40.24

0.42

2411.76

2493.18

1557.95

2154.30

422.99

151.80

161.37

148.25

153.81

5.54 0.58

0.62

0.57

0.59 0.02

S3 48.12

49.71

49.03

48.95

0.65

3632.04

3609.88

3782.79

3674.90

76.82 235.20

241.99

240.78

239.32

2.96 0.64

0.78

0.81

0.74 0.07



As Fe Mn Cr

Samplings R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean SD R1 R2 R3 Mean

SD

S1 63.73 62.48 65.24 63.82 1.13 3448.33 3496.14

3589.22 3511.23 58.50 352.40 362.48 351.25 355.38

5.05 0.81 0.87

0.96 0.88 0.06

S2 76.94 74.99 78.36 76.76 1.38 2131.67 2174.69

2189.36 2165.24 24.48 211.84 214.36 219.22 215.14

3.06 0.60 0.65

0.61 0.62 0.02

S3 79.83 79.68 81.25 80.25 0.71 2031.67 2109.63

2078.22 2073.17 32.03 115.44 116.85 121.36 117.88

2.52 0.41 0.39

0.47 0.42 0.03

Intermittent Field


SD

S1 35.28 36.48 35.28 35.68 0.56 1234.00 1236.98

1285.67 1252.22 23.69 287.35 278.99 282.39 282.91

3.43 0.30 0.38

0.29 0.32 0.04

S2 37.77 34.88 39.48 37.38 1.90 1351.00 1378.49

1434.69 1388.06 34.83 169.73 169.33 175.24 171.43

2.70 0.44 0.42

0.49 0.45 0.03

S3 39.88 36.13 39.11 38.37 1.62 1633.00 1635.48

1699.00 1655.83 30.54 102.55 109.55 111.66 107.92

3.89 0.25 0.31

0.28 0.28 0.02

Control Field


SD

S1 58.91 59.96 60.17 59.68 0.55 1891.50 1896.34

1824.39 1870.74 32.84 128.45 136.18 138.94 134.52

4.44 0.48 0.51

0.55 0.51 0.03

S2 52.24 23.74 53.96 43.31 13.86 1984.50 1866.48

1903.14 1918.04 49.32 149.85 150.36 151.78 150.66

0.82 0.61 0.49

0.57 0.56 0.05

S3 64.19 67.89 66.11 66.06 1.51 2251.00 2247.12

2324.58 2274.23 35.64 204.15 207.44 211.96 207.85

3.20 0.73 0.88

0.79 0.80 0.06



As Fe Mn Cr


SD

S1 70.22 71.26 72.65 71.38 1.00 2840.33 2965.21

2899.36 2901.63 51.01 364.29 369.11 371.25 368.22

2.91 0.40 0.54

0.42 0.45 0.06

S2 81.08 82.16 81.99 81.74 0.47 2488.33 2479.36

2566.12 2511.27 38.96 340.28 358.69 347.12 348.70

7.60 0.64 0.77

0.69 0.70 0.05

S3 84.30 85.69 86.18 85.39 0.80 2614.37 2598.17

2677.14 2629.89 34.06 155.38 166.98 170.36 164.24

6.42 0.22 0.19

0.24 0.22 0.02

Intermittent Field


SD

S1 47.20 48.36 49.22 48.26 0.83 3348.17 3347.89

3412.96 3369.67 30.61 304.79 308.96 311.47 308.41

2.76 0.48 0.49

0.52 0.50 0.02

S2 44.76 45.63 47.22 45.87 1.02 1142.25 1175.34

1189.36 1168.98 19.75 189.36 199.64 201.47 196.82

5.33 0.26 0.31

0.28 0.28 0.02

S3 42.40 12.36 41.96 32.24 14.06 1933.33 1936.78

1833.85 1901.32 47.73 76.15 96.48 82.47 85.03 8.50 0.39 0.36

0.41 0.39 0.02

Control Field


SD

S1 58.31 59.67 54.18 57.39 2.33 1135.50 1189.64

1217.36 1180.83 33.99 117.50 117.89 137.96 124.45

9.55 0.35 0.43

0.52 0.43 0.07

S2 59.72 58.69 61.22 59.88 1.04 1557.00 1658.36

1571.00 1595.45 44.85 144.05 157.66 149.22 150.31

5.61 0.51 0.63

0.58 0.57 0.05

S3 66.33 65.39 67.89 66.54 1.03 1770.00 1789.36

1800.60 1786.65 12.64 205.75 207.61 219.24 210.87

5.97 0.70 0.69

0.71 0.70 0.01

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