All-optical fiber-optics networks
Transcript of All-optical fiber-optics networks
(c) Sergiusz Patela 2001 All-optical networks 2
A passive star based local optical WDM network
Passive star coupler
Unicast
Multicast
Workstation
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A wavelength routed wide-area WDM network
B
E
G
1
2
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5
67
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λ1
λ1
λ1
λ1
λ2
λ2
Photonics switching fabric
C
A
D
H
FAccess Station: contains tunable transmitters and receivers
Switch: contains photonics switch, amplifier, λ converter
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Diagram of passive optical network
λ2
λN
λ1, λ2,..., λNλ1
sources receivers
Available installation topologies:• star• bus• tree
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Real installation topologies
Star coupler
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx star
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rx
Tx
Rxbus
tree
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Classification of single hop optical networks
• FT - FR, fixed transmitter - fixed receiver• TT - FR, tunable transmitter - fixed receiver• FT - TR, fixed transmitter - fixed receiver• TT - TR, tunable transmitter, tunable receiver
Example description of network node:• FTiTTj - RFiTRj
• CC - FTiTTj - FRmTRn
{F - fixed | T - tunable, T - transmitter | R - receiver}CC - control-channel, information about planed connectioni - index indicates number of node transmitters/receivers
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Time-slot assignment (time multiplexing)
•3 workstations•1 channel
time is divided into 3 slots repeated in a cycle
channel no. t t+1 t+20 (1, 2) (1, 3) (2, 1)
1 (2, 3) (3, 1) (3, 2)
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Channel assignment, time and wavelength multiplexing (without control channel)
•3 workstations•2 channels
time is divided into 3 slots repeated in a cycle
channel no. t t+1 t+20 (1, 2) (1, 3) (2, 1)
1 (2, 3) (3, 1) (3, 2)
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Optical-signal distribution elements - classification
• Passive star
• Passive router
• Active switch
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Passive star4 x 4
λ1λ1
λ1λ1
λ4 λ4 λ4λ4
λ3
λ1, ..., λ4
Input fiber 1 Output fiber 1λ1, ..., λ4λ1
Input fiber 2 Output fiber 2λ2 λ1, ..., λ4
Input fiber 3 Output fiber 3λ1, ..., λ4
Input fiber 4 Output fiber 4λ4
N connections
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Passive router
Input Output
λ2λ3λ4
λ2λ3
λ4λ1
λ1
λ1
λ2
λ3λ4λ2
λ3λ4
λ2λ3
λ4
λ1 11
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33
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Demux Mux
N2 connections
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Router - location in OSI model
7 Application 6 Presentation 5 Sesion 4 Transport 3 Network Router working area
2 Data link Logical Link Control Media Access Control
________________ Bridge working area
1 Physical
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Active switch4 x 4
λ3
λ4 λ1, ..., λ4
switchλ1
switchλ2
switchλ3
switchλ4
Input fib. 1 Output fib. 1
λ1, ..., λ4λ1
Input fib. 2 Output fib. 2λ2 λ1, ..., λ4
Input fib. 3 Output fib. 3λ1, ..., λ4
Input fib. 4 Output fib. 4
MuxDemux
WRS =Wavelength Routing Switch (or Wavelenght Selecting Crosconnect - WSXC)
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Examples of all optical LAN networks and protocols (1)
1. LAMBDANET - M. S. Goodman i in., „The LAMBDANET multiwavelength
network: Architecture, applications, and demonstrations” IEEE Journ. on Selected Areas
in Communicatrions, vol. 8, pp. 995-1004, 1990
2. Rainbow - N. R. Dono i in. „A wavelength division multiple access network for
computer communication” IEEE Journ. on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 8, pp.
983-993
3. Fiber-Optic Crossconnect (FOX) - E. Arthurs i in. „Multiwavelength optical
crossconnect for parallel-processing computers” Electronic Letters, vol. 24, pp. 119-120,
1986
4. STARNET - T. K. Chiang i in. „”Implementation of STARNET: A WDM computer
connumications network”, IEEE Journ. on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 14,
pp. 824-839, 1996
5. HYPASS - E. Arthurs i in. „Hypass: An optoelectronic hybrid packet-switching
system” IEEE Journ. on Selected Areas in Communications, vo. 6, pp. 1500-1510, Dec.
1988
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Examples of all optical LAN networks and protocols(2)
6. Assignment protocols - I. Chlamtac i in. „Channel allocation protocols in frequency-
time controlled high speed networks, ” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 36,
pp. 430-440, 1988
7. Two slotted ALOHA protocol - P. W. Dowd „Random access protocols for high
speed interprocessor communication based on and optical passive star topology,
IEEE/OSA Journ. of Lightwave Technology, vol 9, pp. 799-808
8. Partial Random Access Protocol - I. M. I. Habbab i in „Protocols for very high speed
optical fiber local area networks using a passive star topology” IEEE/OSA Journ. of
Lightwave Technol., vol. LT-5, pp. 1782-1794, 1987
9. AMTRAC - I. Chlamtac i in. „Towards alternative high speed network concepts: the
swift architecture” IEEE transactions on Communications, vo. 38, pp. 431-439, 1990
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LAMBDANET
Network name: LAMBDANETCompany: BellcoreNetwork type: FT - FRM
Every workstation equipped with a laser of fixed wavelength and M receivers. Realized network parameters:• number of nodes - 18• transmission speed - 2 Gb/s• range - 57,5 km
Advantages - simplicityDisadvantages - every node has to be equipped with N sources (integrated optoelectronics technology can solve the problem)
M. S. Goodman i in., „The LAMBDANET multiwavelength network: Architecture, applications, and demonstrations” IEEE Journ. on Selected Areas in Communicatrions, vol. 8, pp. 995-1004, 1990
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Lambdanet - network diagram
Node 1TX
Node NTX
λ1
λ1
λ1 ...N
λ1 ...N Node N
Node 1
WDM
DEMUX
RX1
RX2Star Coupler
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Rainbow
Network name: Rainbow I (1990), Rainbow II (1996)Company: IBMNetwork type : FT - TRNetwork type: MAN
Every workstation is equipped in one laser of fixed wavelength and a tunable receiver. Network parameters:• Number of nodes - 32 IBM PS/2• Transmission speed - 200 Mb/s• Range - 10 - 20 km
Rainbow I: N. R. Dono i in. „A wavelength division multiple access network for computer communication” IEEE Journ. on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 8, pp. 983-993, Aug. 1990
Rainbow II: E. Hall i in. „The Rainbow-II gabit optical network” IEEE Journ. on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 14, pp. 814-823, June 1996
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Rainbow network - topology
Node 2
PCS
λ1
λNλ2
λ3Node 1 Node 3
Node N
transmitter (Tx)
receiver (Rx)
fixed
tunable
NIU
processor E OPSC - Passive Star CouplerNIU - Network Interface UnitE - Electronic interfaceO - Optical interface
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FOX
Network name: FOX (Fiber Optic Crossconnect), 1986Network type: TT - FR Designation: Computers with parallel data processing
Tunable lasers are used as a sources. (tuning time below a few ns – packet switching)
Configuration: two passive stars, one for the data send from the processors into memory blocks, other for the data flowing in the opposite direction.
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STARNET
Network name: STARNETNetwork type:, FT - FR Designation: WDM LANNotes: contains two virtual subnets
Every node contains one transmitter and two receivers (working on the same wavelengths, but with different speeds) STARNET networks is composed of two virtual subnets:• fast (2,5 GB/s) network with packet switching• slower control subnet ( 125 MB/s FDDI compatible)Transmitters in every node generate data for both subnets. „Slow“ detector in each node is tuned to listen the previous node transmitter - this way a logical ring is created (FDDI type)
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Single-hop network classification (1)
WDM local lightwave networks
Multihop
Arbitrary topology
Single-hop
Linear structures (attempt-and-defer)
No control signal
Built systems Proposals
With control signal
AMTRAC (TT-FR)
MultichannelProbabilistic Scheduling (TT-FR)
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...
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LAMBDANET
RAINBOW
FOX
HYPASS, BHYPASS, STAR-TRACK, PLL i inne
...
...
...
...
...
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Single-hop network classification (2)Experimental systems Proposals Nets with control channel
Partial Random Access (CC-TT-TR)
Improved Random Access (CC-TT-TR)
Binominal Throughput, Nonmonotonic Delay
Extended Slotted ALOHA and Reservation ALOHA (CC-TT-TR)
(RCA) Receiver Collision Avoidance Protocol (CC-TT-TR)
Dynamic Time-Wavelength Division Multiple Access (DTWDMA) (CC-FT2-FRTR)
TDMA/N-Server (CC-TT-FRTR)
LAMBDANET (receiver array: FT-FRM)
RAINBOW (in-bandrceiver polling: FT-TR)
FOX (TT-FR)
HYPASS, BHYPASS, STAR-TRACK, PLL and others
Fixed Assignment (TT-TR)
Partial Fixed Assignment (TT-TR)
Random Access Protocols I (TT-FR)
Random Access Protocols II (TT-FRx)
PAC nets (TT-FR)
PAC - Protection Against Collision
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Summary
• The optimal solution for building an all-optical „local“ area network is a passive star topology, with single-hop connection.
• WDM technology renders possible full utilization of fiber optic bandwidth.