Grupo: abc, agsj, fcac 1. VISÃO GERAL DO SISTEMA 1º Documento 2.
Agreement without similarity: ABC Conference ...
1
Consonant-to-Consonant Interactions ‘he cooks ♂ ’ m-!peʔe-m!-n!=ti ʔ ‘he w!rms ♂ up’ β-!peʔe-ɾo=ti ʔ ‘he b!thes ♂ (it)’ m-!topi-ɲ!k!-n!=ti ʔ ‘he b!thes ♂ ’ β-!topi-jo=ti ʔ ‘he sleeps ♂ ’ m-!no-mo=ti ʔ ‘he l!u%hs ♂ ’ β-ij!-βo=ti ʔ ‘he spe!ks ♂ ’ m-#̃ːnic!-n!=ti ʔ ‘he hunts ♂ ’ β-!kɨɣ!-ɾ!=ti ʔ ‘small paquio tree’ ɲõ ːnip j !kiʔo-m! ʔ ‘p!quio tree’ joːɾip j !kiʔo-ʂ ‘small corn’ oseŋo-m! ʔ ‘corn’ oseɣo-ʂ ‘small sweet potato’ kɨmit͡ ʃo-m! ʔ ‘sweet pot!to’ kɨβit͡ ʃo-ʂ ‘we (incl.) cook’ m-!peʔe-m!-k! ‘we (incl.) w!rm up’ β-!peʔe-k! ‘we (incl.) b!the’ ‘we (incl.) are tired’ ‘we (incl.) laugh’ ‘we (incl.) hunt’ β-!topi-k j ! β-!t!t͡ʃe-k! β-ij!-k! β-!kɨɣ!-k! ‘we (incl.) bathe (it)’ m-!topi-ɲ!k!-k! ‘we (incl.) speak’ m-#̃ːnic!-k! ‘we (incl.) make’ m-!sumo-k! ‘we (incl.) sleep’ m-!no-k! root-to-prefix suffix-to-prefix suffix-to-root root-to-suffix suffix-to-suffix Left-to-Right Right-to-Left “he ,shes ♂ ’ m-#̃ː-n!=ti ʔ “he works ♂ (>Sp.)’ β-!tɾ!β!k!-ɾ!=ti ʔ ‘he lies ♂ ’ m-!p#̃ː-ɲ!=ti ʔ ‘he kills ♂ ’ β-t!β!ʔi-jo=ti ʔ ‘we (incl.) !te it’ um-!-tẽ ʔ ‘we (incl.) e!t’ uβ-!-k! ‘we (incl.) lie’ m-!p#̃ː-k! ‘we (incl.) kill’ β-t!β!ʔi-k j ! ‘we (incl.) stop’ m-!tot͡ ʃẽ ʔ -k! ‘we (incl.) mow’ β-!kuβ!j-k j ! ‘their F liver’ ɲu-p!k!ʔ#̃ː-ʂ ‘their F elbow’ ju-p!t!ɾi-ʃ ‘their F belly’ jo-kip j oɾu-ʂ ‘their F n!vel’ ɲo-tokiʔ#̃ː-ʂ L-to-R Right-to-Left root-to-prefix sfx-to-pfx root-to-sfx ‘he %oes’ t͡s-ɨ-ɾo=ti ʔ =tɨ ‘he sees’ m-!sɨ-βoɾi-jo-ti ʔ ‘he looks !t’ m-!sɨ-ɾ!=ti ʔ =tɨ ‘you pl look !t’ !m-!sɨ-k!=tɨ ‘you pl cry’ !β-!ɾeɣo-k! ‘you pl %o’ !m-e-k!=tɨ ‘you pl !re full’ !β-!βeʔe-k! ‘our (incl.) thi%h’ !ɲ-ot͡ ʃeʔu ‘our (incl.) thin%’ oɲ-otu ‘our (incl.) thin%’ oj-et͡s! ‘your pl ton%ue’ !m-otu ‘your pl lips’ !β-!ɾu ‘your pl thi%h’ !m-ot͡ʃeʔu ‘your pl f!ther ♀ ’ !β-upu ‘your pl teeth’ !m-oʔo ‘your pl str!w’ !uβ-oʔo L-to-R Right-to-Left root-to-prefix root-to-sfx * [ɣ] j ɾ β [ŋ] ɲ n m [h] ʂ ʃ s t͡ʃ t͡s [ʔ] k t p -SON + SON Exploratory Solutions CORR V µµ / [C-son] Contrastive specification ** ** *! m x ...!̃ x ..m x ** *! β x ... ! y ... β x ** *! β x ... ! y ...m x ** *! β y ... ! y ...m x ** * ☞ m x ...! y ...m x *!* β x ...! x ...!̃ː x ** ☞ β y ...! y ...!̃ː x * *!* ☹ m x ...! x ...!̃ː x *! m x ...!̃ x ...!̃ː x *! β x ... ! x ...!ː x ** *! ☹ m x ...! y ...!̃ː x ** ☞ β x ...! x ...!̃ː x *! *! *! m x ...!̃ x ...!̃ː x *! ☞ β x ... ! x ...!ː x ** ☹ m x ...! x ...!̃ː x ** ☹ m x ...! y ...!̃ː x ** ☞ β y ...! y ...!̃ː x *! *! m x ...! x ...!̃ː x ** *! β y ...! y ...!̃ː x *!* β x ...! x ...!̃ː x ** *! m x ...!̃ x ...!̃ː x *! β x ...! x ...!ː x * ☞ m x ...! y ...!̃ː x CORR [son] DEP [n!s]IO CORR [son,+cons] IDENT [n!s]CC MAX [n!s] IO *ṽ µ /β...!...m/ CORR [son] DEP [n!s]IO CORR [son,+cons] IDENT [n!s]CC MAX [n!s] IO *ṽ µ /β...!...!̃ː/ DEP [n!s]IO CORR [son] CORR [son, +cons] IDENT [n!s]CC MAX [n!s] IO *ṽ µ /β...!...!̃ː/ CORR [son] DEP [n!s]IO CORR V µµ / [C-son] IDENT [n!s]CC MAX [n!s] IO *ṽ µ /β...!...!̃ː/ Consonant-to-Consonant Problem: Vowel-to-Consonant interactions Relaxed Correspondence Relaxed Natural Classes (inventory-sensitive) * *!* m x ...! x ...!̃ː x *! β x ...! y ...!̃ː x ** *! β x ...! x ...!̃ː x ** *! m x ...!̃ x ...!̃ː x *! β x ...! x ...!ː x * ☞ m x ...! y ...!̃ː x * *! m x ...!̃ y ☞m x ...! y * * *! β x ...!̃ x * * *! β x ...! x * *! m x ...! x *! β x ...!̃ y *! β x ...! y Root contains an underlying short nasal V, ruled out from surface by markedness When eligible host is provided, NAS realized on host only, by MAX[NAS] *! ...!̃.. * ☞...!... DEP [+n!s]IO CORR [αn!s] IDENT [αn!s]CC MAX [+n!s] IO *ṽ µ /...!̃ ../ /β...!̃ / CORR is irrelevant! ! o e u ɨ i !ː !̃ː oː õː eː ẽː uː ũː ɨː ɨ̃ː iː ĩː ! ʔ !̃ ʔ o ʔ õ ʔ e ʔ ẽ ʔ u ʔ ũ ʔ ɨ ʔ 0 ʔ i ʔ ĩ ʔ SHORT LONG GLOTTAL LONG +SON V C +NAS -NAS +NAS -NAS CORR only between segments for which the harmonic feature is contrastive SHORT -SON DEP [+n!s]IO CORR [αn!s] IDENT [αn!s]CC MAX [+n!s] IO *ṽ µ /β...!...!̃ː/ Mackenzie (2009a, 2009b), Dresher (2009) If x 1 , x 2 ∈ {+SON, C} U {LONG, V}, then they must correspond Wrongly predicts that long nasal vowels should not be in correspondance... ... should correspond, but either denasalize or disagree A standard ABC analysis works well for the Bantu-like C-to-C interactions But.... Trojan Roots Trojan roots Approx. 10 Contain only short vowels and voiceless obstruents Dialect variation Vowels NB.: The status of glottalized vowels is somewhat unclear Consonants No nasalization of suffixes by Trojan root : Vowel-to-Consonant Interactions Trojan Roots Analysis Assuming full feature specification, this will work, but makes predictions that may not be desirable... San Rafael de Velasco Outstanding issues • Prefix-suffix asymmetry in nasal docking (with Trojan roots) • Detailed study of transparent short vowels (in progress) • Sensitivity to morphological domains • Denasalization Isolate (possibly Macro-Ge stock) Bolivian Lowland (Santa-Cruz) and bordering area of Brazil (Mato Grosso 3000-5000 speakers, mostly over 50 Several dialects Under-documented CHIQUITANO Adam, Lucien and Henry, Victor (1880). Arte y vocabulario de la lengua chiquita. Con algunos textos traducidos y explicados. Compuestos sobre manuscritos ineditos del XVIII siglo. Paris: Bibliotheque Linguistique Americaine (Tome VI). Dresher, Elan. (2009) The Contrastive Hierarchy in Phonology. New York: Cambridge UniversityPress. Galeote Tormo, Jesus (1996). Manityana auqui bisiro. Gramatica moderna de la Lengua Chiquitana y vocabulario basico. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia: Girard, Raphael (in prep). Nasality and Nasal harmony in Chiquitano. PhD Thesis. University of British Columbia Girard, Raphael (2013). Alomorfia de prefijos en Chiquitano: una perspectiva morfofonologica.Paper presented at the CILLA 6. Austin, Texas. October 24-26, 2013. Girard, Raphael (2013). Inflection without inflectional classes: The case of Chiquitano person prefixes. Paper presented at AIMM II. San Diego.November 8-10, 2013. Girard, Raphael (2012). Documentacion de la cantidad vocalica en Chiquitano: algunas observaciones perliminares. In: Gonzalez, H y Gualdieri, B. (ed) Lenguas Indigenas de America del Sur. Fonologia y Lexico. Sociedad Argentina de Linguistica. Hansson, Gunnar Olafur (2001). Theoretical and Typological Issues in Consonant Harmony.Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley. Krusi, M. and Krusi, D. (1978). “Phonology of chiquitano”. In Ursula Wiesemann, ed.Working Papers of the SIL, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia,1972-1976. Riberalta, Bolivia. 53 – 93. Mackenzie, Sara. (2009). Contrast and Similarity in Consonant Harmony Processes. Ph.D. thesis,University of Toronto. Mackenzie, Sara. (2009). Contrast and the evaluation of similarity: Evidence from consonant harmony. Lingua 119. 478-501 Rose, Sharon, and Rachel Walker (2004). A typology of consonant agreement as correspondence. Language 80: 475-531. Sans, Pierric (2010) Elements de sociolinguistique et de phonologie du besiro (chiquitano). Langue en danger des basses terres de Bolivie. Master 1-2. Universite Lumiere Lyon 24. Agreement without similarity: The case of Chiquitano nasal (consonant) harmony ABC <--> Conference May 18-19, 2014 Raphael Girard University of British Columbia Selected References UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Report: ABC↔Conference 458
Transcript of Agreement without similarity: ABC Conference ...
Consonant-to-Consonant Interactions
‘he cooks♂’m-!peʔe-m!-n!=tiʔ‘he w!rms♂ up’β-!peʔe-ɾo=tiʔ
‘he b!thes♂(it)’m-!topi-ɲ!k!-n!=tiʔ‘he b!thes♂’β-!topi-jo=tiʔ
‘he sleeps♂’m-!no-mo=tiʔ‘he l!u%hs♂’β-ij!-βo=tiʔ
‘he spe!ks♂’m-#ːnic!-n!=tiʔ‘he hunts♂’β-!kɨɣ!-ɾ!=tiʔ
‘small paquio tree’ɲo ːnipj!kiʔo-m!ʔ‘p!quio tree’joːɾipj!kiʔo-ʂ
‘small corn’oseŋo-m!ʔ‘corn’oseɣo-ʂ
‘small sweet potato’kɨmit ʃo-m!ʔ‘sweet pot!to’kɨβit ʃo-ʂ
‘we (incl.) cook’m-!peʔe-m!-k!‘we (incl.) w!rm up’β-!peʔe-k!
‘we (incl.) b!the’
‘we (incl.) are tired’
‘we (incl.) laugh’
‘we (incl.) hunt’
β-!topi-kj!
β-!t!t ʃe-k!
β-ij!-k!
β-!kɨɣ!-k!
‘we (incl.) bathe (it)’m-!topi-ɲ!k!-k!
‘we (incl.) speak’m-#ːnic!-k!
‘we (incl.) make’m-!sumo-k!
‘we (incl.) sleep’m-!no-k!
root-to-prefix suffix-to-prefix suffix-to-root root-to-suffix suffix-to-suffix
Left-
to-R
ight
Rig
ht-to
-Lef
t
“he ,shes♂’m-#ː-n!=tiʔ“he works♂(>Sp.)’
β-!tɾ!β!k!-ɾ!=tiʔ
‘he lies♂’m-!p#ː-ɲ!=tiʔ‘he kills♂’β-t!β!ʔi-jo=tiʔ
‘we (incl.) !te it’um-!-teʔ‘we (incl.) e!t’uβ-!-k!
‘we (incl.) lie’m-!p#ː-k!‘we (incl.) kill’β-t!β!ʔi-kj!
‘we (incl.) stop’m-!tot ʃe ʔ-k!‘we (incl.) mow’β-!kuβ!j-kj!
‘theirF liver’ɲu-p!k!ʔ#ː-ʂ‘theirF elbow’ju-p!t!ɾi-ʃ
‘theirF belly’jo-kipjoɾu-ʂ ‘theirF n!vel’ɲo-tokiʔ#ː-ʂ
L-to
-R
R
ight
-to-L
eft
root-to-prefix sfx-to-pfx root-to-sfx
‘he %oes’ts-ɨ-ɾo=tiʔ=tɨ
‘he sees’m-!sɨ-βoɾi-jo-tiʔ
‘he looks !t’m-!sɨ-ɾ!=tiʔ=tɨ
‘youpl look !t’!m-!sɨ-k!=tɨ‘youpl cry’!β-!ɾeɣo-k!
‘youpl %o’!m-e-k!=tɨ‘youpl !re full’!β-!βeʔe-k!
‘our (incl.) thi%h’!ɲ-ot ʃeʔu
‘our (incl.) thin%’oɲ-otu‘our (incl.) thin%’oj-et s!
‘yourpl ton%ue’!m-otu‘yourpl lips’!β-!ɾu
‘yourpl thi%h’!m-otʃeʔu‘yourpl f!ther♀’!β-upu
‘yourpl teeth’!m-oʔo‘yourpl str!w’!uβ-oʔo
L-to
-R
Rig
ht-to
-Lef
t root-to-prefix root-to-sfx*
[ɣ]jɾβ[ŋ]ɲnm
[h]ʂʃstʃts
[ʔ]ktp -SON
+ SON
Exploratory S
olutions
CORR Vµµ / [C-son]
Contrastive specification
*****! mx...!x..mx
***! βx... !y... βx
***! βx... !y...mx
***! βy... !y...mx
***☞ mx...!y...mx
*!* βx...!x...!ːx**☞ βy...!y...!ːx
**!*☹ mx...!x...!ːx
*! mx...!x...!ːx*! βx... !x...!ːx
***!☹ mx...!y...!ːx
** ☞ βx...!x...!ːx
*!*!
*! mx...!x...!ːx*!☞ βx... !x...!ːx
**☹ mx...!x...!ːx**☹ mx...!y...!ːx
** ☞ βy...!y...!ːx
*!*! mx...!x...!ːx
***! βy...!y...!ːx*!* βx...!x...!ːx
**
*! mx...!x...!ːx*! βx...!x...!ːx
*☞ mx...!y...!ːx
CORR[son]
DEP[n!s]IO
CORR[son,+cons]
IDENT[n!s]CC
MAX[n!s] IO
*v µ/β...!...m/
CORR[son]
DEP[n!s]IO
CORR[son,+cons]
IDENT[n!s]CC
MAX[n!s] IO
*v µ/β...!...!ː/
DEP[n!s]IO
CORR[son]
CORR[son, +cons]
IDENT[n!s]CC
MAX[n!s] IO
*vµ/β...!...!ː/
CORR[son]
DEP[n!s]IO
CORRVµµ / [C-son]
IDENT[n!s]CC
MAX[n!s] IO
*vµ/β...!...!ː/
Consonant-to-C
onsonantP
roblem: V
owel-to-C
onsonant interactions
Rel
axed
Cor
resp
onde
nce
Rel
axed
Nat
ural
Cla
sses
(inv
ento
ry-s
ensi
tive)
**!* mx...!x...!ːx
*! βx...!y...!ːx***! βx...!x...!ːx
***! mx...!x...!ːx*! βx...!x...!ːx
*☞ mx...!y...!ːx
**!mx...!y
☞mx...!y
***!βx...!x
***!βx...!x
**!mx...!x
*!βx...!y
*! βx...!y
Root contains an underlying short nasal V, ruled outfrom surface bymarkedness
When eligible host is provided, NAS realized on host only, by MAX[NAS]
*! ...!..*☞...!...
DEP[+n!s]IO
CORR[αn!s]
IDENT[αn!s]CC
MAX[+n!s] IO
*v µ/...!../
/β...!/
CORR is irrelevant!
!
oe
uɨi
!ː !ː
oː o ːeː e ː
uː u ːɨː ɨːiː i ː
!ʔ !ʔoʔ o ʔeʔ e ʔuʔ u ʔɨʔ 0ʔiʔ i ʔ
SHO
RT
LON
GG
LOTTA
L
LONG +SON
V C
+NAS -NAS +NAS -NAS
CORR only betweensegments for whichthe harmonic featureis contrastive
SHORT -SON
DEP[+n!s]IO
CORR[αn!s]
IDENT[αn!s]CC
MAX[+n!s] IO
*v µ/β...!...!ː/
Mackenzie (2009a, 2009b), Dresher (2009)
If x1, x2 ∈ {+SON, C} U {LONG, V}, then they must correspond
Wrongly predicts that long nasal vowels should not be in correspondance...
... should correspond, but either denasalize or disagree
A standard ABC analysis works well for the Bantu-like C-to-C interactions
But....
Trojan Roots
Trojan roots
Approx. 10
Contain only short vowels and voiceless obstruents
Dialect variation
Vowels
NB.: The status of glottalized vowels is somewhat unclear
Consonants
No nasalization of suffixes by Trojan root:
Vowel-to-Consonant Interactions
Trojan Roots
Analysis
Assuming full feature specification, this will work, but makes predictions thatmay not be desirable...
San Rafael de Velasco
Outstanding issues
• Prefix-suffix asymmetry in nasal docking (with Trojan roots)
• Detailed study of transparent short vowels (in progress)
• Sensitivity to morphological domains
• DenasalizationIsolate (possibly Macro-Ge stock)
Bolivian Lowland (Santa-Cruz) and bordering area of Brazil (Mato Grosso
3000-5000 speakers, mostly over 50
Several dialects
Under-documented
CHIQUITANO
Adam, Lucien and Henry, Victor (1880). Arte y vocabulario de la lengua chiquita. Con algunos textos traducidos y explicados. Compuestos sobre manuscritos ineditos del XVIIIsiglo. Paris: Bibliotheque Linguistique Americaine (Tome VI).
Dresher, Elan. (2009) The Contrastive Hierarchy in Phonology. New York: Cambridge UniversityPress.Galeote Tormo, Jesus (1996). Manityana auqui bisiro. Gramatica moderna de la Lengua Chiquitana y vocabulario basico. Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia:Girard, Raphael (in prep). Nasality and Nasal harmony in Chiquitano. PhD Thesis. University of British ColumbiaGirard, Raphael (2013). Alomorfia de prefijos en Chiquitano: una perspectiva morfofonologica.Paper presented at the CILLA 6. Austin, Texas. October 24-26, 2013.Girard, Raphael (2013). Inflection without inflectional classes: The case of Chiquitano person prefixes. Paper presented at AIMM II. San Diego.November 8-10, 2013.Girard, Raphael (2012). Documentacion de la cantidad vocalica en Chiquitano: algunas observaciones perliminares. In: Gonzalez, H y Gualdieri, B. (ed) Lenguas Indigenas de
America del Sur. Fonologia y Lexico. Sociedad Argentina de Linguistica.Hansson, Gunnar Olafur (2001). Theoretical and Typological Issues in Consonant Harmony.Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Berkeley.Krusi, M. and Krusi, D. (1978). “Phonology of chiquitano”. In Ursula Wiesemann, ed.Working Papers of the SIL, Riberalta, Beni, Bolivia,1972-1976. Riberalta, Bolivia. 53 – 93.Mackenzie, Sara. (2009). Contrast and Similarity in Consonant Harmony Processes. Ph.D. thesis,University of Toronto.Mackenzie, Sara. (2009). Contrast and the evaluation of similarity: Evidence from consonant harmony. Lingua 119. 478-501Rose, Sharon, and Rachel Walker (2004). A typology of consonant agreement as correspondence. Language 80: 475-531.Sans, Pierric (2010) Elements de sociolinguistique et de phonologie du besiro (chiquitano). Langue en danger des basses terres de Bolivie. Master 1-2. Universite Lumiere Lyon 24.
Agreement without similarity: The case of Chiquitano nasal (consonant) harmony
ABC <--> Conference
May 18-19, 2014
Raphael GirardUniversity of British Columbia
Selected References
UC Berkeley Phonology Lab Annual Report: ABC↔Conference
458
