INSCRIPTION OF MONUMENTS

Adil M. AbdallaICOMOS, PMI, AACE, APMG, PRINCE2, IAPLE, IFMA, MBIFM, 6σDecember 2009

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ICOMOS Framework

Inscription Process

Example: Sudan

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Tangible Heritage

WHCWorld Heritage Center

Oral Traditions & Expressions

Intangible Heritage

Performing Arts

Social Practices, Rituals & Festive Events

Cultural Properties

Natural Properties

Mixed Properties

Knowledge & Practices on Nature & Universe

Traditional Craftsmanship

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L o c a l I n i ti a ti v e s a n d P r o g r a m s

T H E W O R L D H E R I TA G E

InterventionSupportRegulations

ICOMOS

ICCROM

UNESCO

Regional Org.

ICOM Int’l Programs

AKF

WHC

Various NGOs

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Manuals& Standards

Presentations& Incubations

Governing& Operating

Agencies

Planning& Monitoring

Activity

Int’lRegional

Local

StrategyMacroMicro

Phasing

GOVCSRPPPSME

LaunchIncubateReviewGrow

Projects

Regulations

Programs

Initiatives

Road-mapping

Local SIG is a Special Interest Group; which

is an NGO; which is delegated and

authorized to manage a particular heritage locality on behalf of

the Gov Agency

LocalSIGs

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Strategy Programs

Actions

UNESCO WHC ICOMOS

UN

National ICOMOS Committee

NationalAgency

National Government

Science & Research Centers

Proprietary Regulatory Implementations

National Scientific Committees

Public Ownership Inscriptions & Listing

Research Mgmt

Private Ownership KC & Communications

Interventions Mgmt

Mixed Ownership Permissions Presentations Mgmt

Planning & Monitoring

Maintenance Mgmt

National Agencyfor Tangible Heritage Management

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The Government

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ICOMOS INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ON CULTURAL ROUTES (CIIC)

ICOFORTICOMOS

International Scientific Committee on Fortifications

and Military Heritage

ICBS

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ICOMOS Framework

Inscription Process

Example: Sudan

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itage

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The legacy of physical and intangible attributes of the past of a group or society

that are selected from the past, and inherited, maintained in the present and

bestowed for the benefit of future generations. What is considered cultural

heritage by one generation may be rejected by the next generation, only to be revived by

a succeeding generation.

Physical or "tangible cultural heritage" includes buildings and historic places, monuments, artifacts, etc., that are

considered worthy of preservation for the future. These include objects significant to the archaeology, architecture, science or technology of a specific culture. Heritage

can also include cultural landscapes (natural features that may have cultural attributes) Recently heritage practitioners have moved from classifying heritage as natural as man has intervened in the shaping of nature in

the past four million years.

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There are more than 29 Charters, Conventions, Declarations, Agreements

and Treaties that govern the inscriptions on Cultural Heritage, and adequate

means for protection, rehabilitation and use. In addition, Formal World Heritage

List, and Heritage in Danger List, are critical tools in the process to align and

develop international cooperation.

Significant was the Convention Concerning the Protection of World

Cultural and Natural Heritage that was adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO in 1972. As of 2008, there are 878 World Heritage Sites: 678 cultural,

174 natural, and 26 mixed properties, in 145 countries. Each of these sites is

considered important to the international community.

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The International Council on Monuments and Sites is an association of professionals that currently brings together approximately 9500 members

throughout the world.

ICOMOS works for the conservation and protection of cultural heritage places. It is the only global non-government organization of this kind, which is dedicated to

promoting the application of theory, methodology, and scientific techniques to the conservation of the architectural and archaeological heritage. Its work is

based on the principles enshrined in the 1964 International Charter on the Conservation and Restoration of Monuments and Sites (the Venice Charter).

ICOMOS is a network of experts that benefits from the interdisciplinary exchange of its members, among which are architects, historians, archaeologists, art

historians, geographers, anthropologists, engineers and town planners.

The members of ICOMOS contribute to improving the preservation of heritage, the standards and the techniques for each type of cultural heritage property :

buildings, historic cities, cultural landscapes and archaeological sites

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To be included on the World Heritage List, sites must be of outstanding universal value and meet at least one out of ten selection criteria. These

criteria are explained in the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention which, besides the

text of the Convention, is the main working tool on World Heritage. The criteria are regularly revised by the Committee to reflect the evolution of

the World Heritage concept itself.

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i To represent a masterpiece of human creative genius;

ii

To exhibit an important interchange of human values, over a span of time or within a cultural area of the world, on developments in architecture or technology, monumental arts, town-planning or landscape design;

iii To bear a unique or at least exceptional testimony to a cultural tradition or to a civilization which is living or which has disappeared;

ivTo be an outstanding example of a type of building, architectural or technological ensemble or landscape which illustrates (a) significant stage(s) in human history;

v

To be an outstanding example of a traditional human settlement, land-use, or sea-use which is representative of a culture (or cultures), or human interaction with the environment especially when it has become vulnerable under the impact of irreversible change;

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vii to contain superlative natural phenomena or areas of exceptional natural beauty and aesthetic importance;

viii

to be outstanding examples representing major stages of earth's history, including the record of life, significant on-going geological processes in the development of landforms, or significant geomorphic or physiographic features;

ix

to be outstanding examples representing significant on-going ecological and biological processes in the evolution and development of terrestrial, fresh water, coastal and marine ecosystems and communities of plants and animals;

x

to contain the most important and significant natural habitats for in-situ conservation of biological diversity, including those containing threatened species of outstanding universal value from the point of view of science or conservation.

vi

to be directly or tangibly associated with events or living traditions, with ideas, or with beliefs, with artistic and literary works of outstanding universal significance. (The Committee considers that this criterion should preferably be used in conjunction with other criteria);

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Until the end of 2004, World Heritage sites were selected on the basis of six cultural and four natural criteria. With the adoption of the revised Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage

Convention, only one set of ten criteria exists.

The protection, management, authenticity and integrity of properties are also important considerations. Since 1992 significant interactions

between people and the natural environment have been recognized as cultural landscapes.

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The first step a country must take is to make an ‘inventory' of its important natural and cultural heritage sites located within its boundaries. This ‘inventory' is known as the Tentative List, and provides a forecast of the properties that a State Party may decide to submit for inscription in the next five to ten years and which may be updated at any time. It is an important step since the World Heritage Committee cannot consider a nomination for inscription on the World Heritage List unless the property has already been included on the State Party's Tentative List.

-1-Tentative

List

Government Academia& Professional NGO / SIG/ NPO

Enlisting in Local Inscription and

Communicate with the Int’l Agencies

Initial Reports on Architectural, Urban,

Historical and Engineering Merits

Awareness Campaigns and

Formation of Assembly/Groups

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By preparing a Tentative List and selecting sites from it, a State Party can plan when to present a nomination file. The World Heritage Centre offers advice and assistance to the State Party in preparing this file, which needs to be as exhaustive as possible, making sure the necessary documentation and maps are included. The nomination is submitted to the World Heritage Centre for review and to check it is complete. Once a nomination file is complete the World Heritage Centre sends it to the appropriate Advisory Bodies for evaluation.

-2-The

Nomination File

Government Academia& Professional NGO / SIG/ NPO

Elaborate Managing and Administration

Authorities and Framework

Produce more Research and

Scientific Data to Support Inscription

Initiate Fund-raising Campaigns for

Preservation and Operations

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A nominated property is independently evaluated by two Advisory Bodies mandated by the World Heritage Convention: the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) and the World Conservation Union (IUCN), which respectively provide the World Heritage Committee with evaluations of the cultural and natural sites nominated. The third Advisory Body is the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property (ICCROM), an intergovernmental organization which provides the Committee with expert advice on conservation of cultural sites, as well as on training activities.

-3-The

Advisory Bodies

Government Academia& Professional NGO / SIG/ NPO

Facilitate the ICOMOS Delegations and Coordinate all

Supporting Activities

Initiate Academic Papers and Forums to Support and Enrich Related Interests

Coordinate with Government and Academia on the Site’s Distinction

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Once a site has been nominated and evaluated, it is up to the intergovernmental World Heritage Committee to make the final decision on its inscription. Once a year, the Committee meets to decide which sites will be inscribed on the World Heritage List. It can also defer its decision and request further information on sites from the States Parties.

-4-The World Heritage

Committee

Government Academia& Professional NGO / SIG/ NPO

Compile all Formal and Informal Support

to Win the Full Inscription

Encourage Research Programs, Curriculum and Documentation of the Monument

Support, Volunteering and

Campaigning for the Monument

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To be included on the World Heritage List, sites must be of outstanding universal value and meet at least one out of ten selection criteria. These criteria are explained in the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention which, besides the text of the Convention, is the main working tool on World Heritage. The criteria are regularly revised by the Committee to reflect the evolution of the World Heritage concept itself.

-5-The Criteria

for Selection

Government Academia& Professional NGO / SIG/ NPO

Sustain the Performance and

Delivery of the Authorized Agency

Assist in Planning, Management and

Sustainable Administration

Sustain Support, Volunteering and

Campaigning for the Monument

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ICOMOS Framework

Inscription Process

Example: Sudan

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Inscribed Sudanese Properties

Date of Inscription: 2003Criteria: (i)(ii)(iii)(iv)(vi)Property : 182.5000 haBuffer zone: 46.5000 haNorthern state, province of MeroeN18 31 60 E31 49 0Ref: 1073

Justification for InscriptionCriteria i, ii, iii and iv: The pyramids and tombs, being also part of the special desert border landscape, on the banks of the Nile, are unique in their typology and technique. The remains are the testimony to an ancient important culture which existed and flourished in this region only. Criterion (vi): Since antiquity the hill of Gebel Barkal has been strongly associated with religious traditions and local folklore. For this reason, the largest temples (Amon Temple for example) were built at the foot of the hill and are still considered by the local people as sacred places.

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Failed Sudanese Properties for Inscription

Dinder National Park (28/09/2004)

Kerma (01/09/1994)

Old Dongola (01/09/1994)

Sanganeb National Park (28/09/2004)

Suakin (01/09/1994)

The Island of Meroe (31/08/2004)

Wadi Howar National Park (28/09/2004)