A.10_Study and Specifications

LIFE11 NAT/GR/1014 ForOpenForests

FOROPENFORESTS:

Conservation of Priority Forests and Forest Openings in

Ethnikos Drymos Oitis and Oros Kallidromo of Sterea Ellada

: A.10.

Ursus arctos ()

:

:

2014

: A.10. Ursus arctos ()

LIFE11 NAT/GR/1014 ForOpenForests 2

/

+30286041500

Fax +30286041111

[email protected] , [email protected]

www.foropenforests.org

: ( ) -

mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]://www.foropenforests.org/



1. 4 1.1. LIFE11 NAT/GR/1014 FOROPENTFOREST 4 1.2. . 5 1.3. (Ursus arctos*) .. 13 1.4. .10 .. 15

2. . 16 2.1. .. 16 2.2. 17 2.3. 18 2.4. .. 19

3. - .. 20 3.1. : . 20 3.1.1. .. 20 3.1.2. 27 3.2. : 29 3.2.1. . 29 3.2.2. .. 30 3.2.3.

LIFE ForOpenForests 36

3.3. : 37 3.3.1. . 37 3.3.2.

...

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. . 38 . . 47

3.3.3. .

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3.3.4.

57

3.4. .

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4. (English summary) . 66 5. 68 6. . 69 7.

7.3. I ( ) 7.4. II ( ) 7.5. III ( ) 7.6. IV ( ) 7.7. V ( ) 7.8. VI ( )



1. 1.1. LIFE11 NAT/GR/1014 FOROPENTFOREST FOROPENFORESTS: LIFE+ (LIFE+ Nature and Biodiversity) LIFE11 NAT GR/1014 FOROPENFORESTS , .

:

1. 5 I

92/43/EEC :

( 6210* and 6230*)

( 3170*)

( 9560* and 9530*

2. :

(Veronica oetaea*), ,

( II 92/43/EEC)

(Ursus arctos*)( II 92/43/EEC)

(Aegolius funerus),

(Dryocopus martius, Dendrocopus leucotos, and Picus canus)

(Alectoris graeca) ( I 92/43/EEC).

5 (1/9/2012 - 30/11/2017) :

()

,

-/

.

(www.foropenforest.org) .

http://www.foropenforest.org/



1.2.

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7.000 NATURA 2000 -:

1. () GR2440004 , 2. () GR2440007 -

3. (IBA): GR 104 .

( ) 218/7.3.1966 ( 56/12.3.1966). (3.370 ) (3.630 ). . , - ( 177/75, 2637/98).

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, 800 , ( 9320, Oleo-lentiscetum aegeicum ) Quercus ilex ( 9340, Andrachno-Quercetum ilicis). , Quercus frainetto (Querco cocciferae-Phillyreetum latifoliae). (Platanus orientalis) ( 92C0).

(700-1.950 ) (Abies cephalonica). ( 80%). (Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana) (9530*) (1.150-1.350 ). Juniperus foetidissima (9560*) , . Juniperus communis subsp. nana ( 4060) . . ( 4090) ( 1.200-2.000 ) . Astragalus thracicus subsp. parnassi, Marubium velutinum, Daphne oleoides, Astragalus semprevirens Acantholimon androsaceum. , .

Nardus stricta - Alopecurus gerardii (6230*) 1.000 , . Juncus effuscus ( 6430) 1.400 . (3170*) Corrigiola litoralis, Ranunculus lateriflorus Myosurus minimus , , .

( 8210), .

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9 Natura 2000 9560*, Juniperus. Juniperus foetidissima . 6230*, Nardus, , , 24 Natura 2000 .

: 32 taxa, 17 . taxa, 10 3 : Veronica oetaea*, , Alyssum gustavsonii, , Polygonum papillosum, . 67 taxa , 19 taxa (CITES). Veronica oetaea*, II 92/43, . , Ruscus aculeatus Gentiana lutea V .

: (). 21 I 79/409/E (13 6 ) 32 . . 8 , .

: 30 . , 24 ( ). , (Rupicapra rupicapra balcanica),



(Myotis emarginatus), (Barbastella barbastellus), (Ursus arctos*) (Canis lupus*) II 92/43/E.

: 16 ( II). (Mesotriton alpestris) . , , (Testudo graeca), (Eurotestudo hermanni) II 92/43/E.

: , 12 . , Lycaeiodes argyrognomon, Plebejus pylaon, Brenttis graeca 8 ( 67/81).

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, . (5420) 2.206 (Cistus spp.), Corydothymus capitatus, Salvia fruticosa. (Quercus ilex) (9340) 1.000 , . (Rhus cotinus), (Pistacia terebinthus) (Acer spp.), (Quercus coccifera) and (Pistacia lentiscus). . (Quercus pubescens) . (Platanus orientalis) , , 33 .

. (Pinus halepensis) (9540) 69 . (Pinus nigra) (9536*) 3.075 (Abies cephalonica) 2.000 , ( 200 ). Helleborus cyclophyllus, Doronicum orientale, Cephalanthera rubra, (Juniperus oxycedrus) (Ilex aquifolium). . (5210) 67 ) .

, 970-1.100 , . (6210*) Festuca, Trifolium, Crocus, Colchicum Viola, . Galium palustre, Oenanthe silaifolia Juncus spp.

, 1.000-1.100 . . (3170*) Myosurus minimus, Polygonum aviculare, Juncus bufonius, Ranunculus lateriflorus, Gnaphalium uliginosum, Mentha cervina, Isoetes heldreichii.

, , , , , Campanula rupestris, Umbilicus rupestris Sedum sp. (8210)



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: 7 I 79/409/E (1 6 ) 16 . .

: 3 ( II). , II 92/43/E.



: 17 ( II). , , II 92/43/E.

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(http://www.lcie.org)

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http://www.lcie.org/



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4. (ENGLISH SUMMARY)

Study of the priority mammal species Ursus arctos* for the determination of management specifications (Action A.10) in the framework of the LIFE project with the tittle: Conservation of priority forests and forest openings in "Ethnikos Drymos Oitis" and "Oros Kallidromo" of Sterea Ellada (LIFE11 NAT/GR/1014 ForOpenForests).

The life project with the title Conservation of priority forests and forest openings in "Ethnikos Drymos Oitis" and "Oros Kallidromo" of Sterea Ellada is implementing in the areas of the two mountainous Natura 2000 sites of Central Greece, in the Region of Sterea Ellada: "ETHNIKOS DRYMOS OITIS (GR2440004) and OROS KALLIDROMO (GR2440006). The main objective of the project is to implement management in forests and forest openings for the conservation of biodiversity at species, habitat, and landscape level. Brown Bear Ursus arctos*is one of the target species of the project as its presence has unique importance as the project area is the most south point of the species distribution in Europe.

This study aimed to verify the presence and to evaluate the population status of the Brown Bear Ursus arctos, at the Mt. Oiti and the Mt. Kallidromo areas. During the implementation of the action data collection took place in the period from the beginning of the project (October 2012) until the March of 2014 and through three different procedures:

1. Field visits in the project area (totally 7 visits took place). 2. Developing a network of special social target groups as beekeepers and livestock

breeders and local authorities and services and data collecting through interviews. 3. Data collection from the staff of the scientific staff of the project partners.

The collected information included four data categories covering the period 2010-2014 including the period of the project implementation as we as the previous two years:

1. Bear presence evidences (footprints, marks, feces, hairs) 2. Immediate bear observation. 3. Oral information from a third person 4. Damages on beehives, livestock and agricultural production.

Additionally, information concerning livestock (37 livestock owners with 10.300 animal units-individuals) and beekeeping (47 beekeepers) in the area collected, and native fruit trees points identified. Processing this information, the study produced three scientific and technical specifications necessary for the appropriate management actions and monitoring protocols for the implementation of the next phases of the project:

1. Specifications for Ursus arctos management.



2. Specifications for the legal framework). 3. Specification of monitoring protocols for Ursus arctos

The results gave a distribution of the data origin included the Regional Units of Fthiotida which is the Regional Unit of the project area, Evritania and Fokida whith a total 69 of records. All the data of Fthiodida (32) were from the project area, while 31 were from Evritania and 6 from Fokida. From the project area the most records were damages all on beehives (19) and footprints (8) while 3 were oral information and 2 personal observations. The time presence data of the brown bear gave a conclusion of a seasonal presence with stable seasons of active presence the summer and the autumn while there are clear evidence of footprints on snow on December and March before and after of winter-sleep. The very few data give an estimation of a very low number of individuals (1-2) while the direction of the corridor with the main bear population in south Pindos is on the west and actually the Regional Unit of Evritania.



5.

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6. , 1999. .

. - . LIFE 99 NAT/GR/006498, . , , . , , , & .

. (.), 2008. . . .

., . , .. , . . , 2014. . LIFE09 NAT/ES/000533 . , / . , ()( ).

., . , . , 2013. .. . LIFE+ (LIFE09 NAT/ES/000533). . .

. . , 2009. . . . 96 .

.. 2011. 1 (Ursus arctos) . , . . , 2011. 87 .

, . & . 2009. . . . 528 .

., ., 1996. , LIFE ( ), LIFE93NAT/GR/01080, , , ( . Eds.). 279 . + 25 GIS.

Andelt W.F., 1992. Effectiveness of livestock guarding dogs for reducing predation on

domestic sheep. Wild. Soc. Bull. 20:55-62. Andelt W.F., 1999. Relative effectiveness of guarding-dog breeds to deter predation on

domestic sheep in Colorado. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 27(2): 706-714. Arons C., 1980. Raising livestock guarding dogs. Sheep Canada 5(3):5-7.



Berger M.K., 2006. Carnivore-Livestock Conflicts: Effects of Subsidized Predator Control and Economic Correlates on the Sheep Industry. Conservation Biology 20:3, 751761

ousbouras D., Georgiadis L., Giannatos G., & Pilides C., 2006. Developing preventive measures for large carnivore human conflict by a non-governmental organization and state agencies for brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Greece. 1st European Congress of Conservation Biology, 22-26/8/2006 Eger, Hungary.

Coppinger, L., Coppinger R., 1980. So firm a friendship. Natural History. 89 (3): 1226. Cozza K., Fico R., Battistini M.-l. & Rogers E., 1996. The damage conservation interface

illustrated by predation on domestic livestock in central Italy. Biological Conservation 78: 329-336.

European Commission, 2013. LIFE and human coexistence with large carnivores. Life Nature. Luxembourg. Publications office of the European Union.

Green J.S., Woodruff R.A. and Tueller T.T., 1984. Livestock-guarding dogs for predator control: costs, benefits and practicality. Wildl. Soc. Bull. 12:44-50.

Karamanlidis .., Sanopoulos A., Georgiadis L., Zedrosser A., 2011. Structural and economic aspects of Human-bear conflicts in Greece. Ursus 22 (2): 141-151.

Krystufek B., Flajsman B., & Griffiths I.H. 2003. Living with bears. A Large European Carnivore in a Shrinking World. Ecological Forum of the Liberal Democracy of Slovenia, Liberal Academy. Ljubljana. 368 pp.

Lorenz R.J. 1989. Introducing Livestock-Guarding Dogs. Oregon State University Extension Service.

Marker L.L., Dickman J.A., Macdonald W.D., 2005. Perceived Effectiveness of Livestock-Guarding Dogs Placed on Namibian Farms. Rangeland Ecology & Management 58:4, 329

Ogada M.O, Wooddroffe R., Oguge N., Frank L.G., 2003. Limiting Depredation by African Carnivores: the Role of Livestock Husbandry. Conservation Biology 17 (6), 15211530.

Psaroudas Sp. (ed.), 1996. Final Report of the ARCTOS - LIFE Project for the Protection and Management of Population and Habitats of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Greece (first phase 1994-95), pp 140, GIS maps. Project LIFE-NATURE ARCTOS [ARCTUROS, WWF-Hellas, Hellenic Society for the Protection of Nature, Ministry of Agriculture, European Union (DG XI)].

Psaroudas Sp. (ed.), 1999. Final Report of the ARCTOS - LIFE Project for the Protection and Management of Population and Habitats of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Greece (second phase 1997-99). Project LIFE-NATURE ARCTOS II [ARCTUROS, Ministry of Environment, Land Planning and Public Works - YPEHODE, Ministry of Agriculture, European Union (DG XI)].

Smith M.E., Linnell J.D.C., Odden J. and Swenson J.E., 2000. Review of methods to reduce livestock depredation: I. Guarding Animals. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica 50: 304-315.

Swenson E.J, Gerstl N., Dahl B., Zedrosser A. 2000. Action Plan for the conservation of the Brown Bear (Ursus arctos) in Europe. Convention on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats (Bern Convention). Nature and environment, No 114. Council of Europe Publishing.



Treves A., & Karanth U., 2003. Human-Carnivore Conflict and Perspectives on Carnivore Management Worldwide .Conservation Biology 17 (6), 14911499.

Namgail T., Fox L. J., Bhatnagar V.Y., 2007. Carnivore-Caused Livestock Mortality in Trans-Himalaya. Environmental Management 39:4, 490.

http://www.foropenforests.org http://www.arcturos.gr http://www.lcie.org

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