A1 Climate Study

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FRAMME F F R R A A M M M M E E L L L I I I F F F E E E N N N A A A T T T 0 0 0 8 8 8 / / / G G G R R R / / / 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 5 5 3 3 3 3 3 3 ΑΘΗΝΑ 2010 ΜΕΛΕΤΗ ΤΩΝ ΚΛΙΜΑΤΙΚΩΝ ΚΑΙ ΒΙΟΚΛΙΜΑΤΙΚΩΝ ΣΥΝΘΗΚΩΝ ΣΤΗΝ ΠΕΡΙΟΧΗ ΥΛΟΠΟΙΗΣΗΣ ΤΟΥ ΕΡΓΟΥ “FRAMME” LIFE08 NAT/GR/000533 ΣΤΗ ΝΗΣΟ ΡΟΔΟ

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A1 Climate Study

Transcript of A1 Climate Study

  • FRAMMEFFRRAAMMMMEE

    LLLIIIFFFEEENNNAAATTT000888///GGGRRR///000000000555333333

    2010

    FRAMMELIFE08NAT/GR/000533

  • FRAMME, " - & 4 NATURA 2000 ", . LIFE08 NAT/GR/000533, 50% LIFE+ (Nature & Biodiversity) / 1.636.750 . FRAMME 2008, , .

    FRAMME , Fire Restoration Methodology for Mediterranean Forests - environmental safety & sustainability of 4 interventions in the Rhodes NATURA 2000 site with contract number LIFE08 NAT/GR/000533 is a project co-financed by 50% by the European Commissions LIFE+ Programme and has a total budget of 1.636.750 . The management of the project is carried out by Elliniki Etairia Society for Environment & Cultural Heritage as a Coordinating Beneficiary. Associate Beneficiaries to the Project are The Agricultural University of Athens as well as the three municipalities in Rhodes affected by the devastating fires of 2008; Municipality of Lindos, Municipality of Ataviros and the Municipality of South Rhodes.

    : , () . 75, : 210 5294465

    : , . (2010a). FRAMME LIFE08 NAT/GR/000533 . URL: http://www.ellet.gr/framme

  • EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

    In this study, the climatic-bioclimatic conditions of the island of Rhodes, were examined.

    The climatic data analysed (base period 1955-1977) was taken from the meteorological

    station which is located close to the airport of the island (36o24, 2805E, altitude 35m).

    The aforementioned station operates under the direction of the Hellenic National

    Meteorological Service. From the climatic data, the climatic type of the area was determined

    according to the Kppen climatic classification and the bioclimatic classifications of

    UNESCO-FAO and Emberger. In addition, the bioclimatic conditions of the area were

    evaluated using the thermohygrometric index (THI).

    From the analysis of the climatic data of the island, it was determined that January

    presents the lowest value of the mean monthly air temperature as well as of the mean monthly

    maximum and minimum air temperatures, contrary to August which is characterized by the

    highest value of the aforementioned parameters. The value of the mean monthly relative

    humidity was lowest and highest in July and December, respectively. The total amount of

    monthly precipitation presented its highest value in December. This parameter presented its

    lowest value in July and August (almost zero). From the course of the maximum amount of

    precipitation during 24 hours, a primary and a secondary maximum was confirmed in

    November and May, respectively. The minimum values of the aforementioned parameter

    were observed in July and August. The prevailing winds are mainly north-westerly and

    westerly during the winter season and the rest seasons of the year, respectively. The

    maximum values of wind speed were observed during the summer months of the year.

    According to the Kppen climatic classification, Rhodes is characterized by a hot temperate

    climate with dry and very hot periods during summer in combination with mild winters (Csa).

    The Natura 2000 area of study GR4210005 is characterized by an accentuated and attenuated

    thermomediterranean bioclimate (UNESCO-FAO). The biologically dry period in Rhodes

    starts in April and ends in September. Natura 2000 area GR4210005, belongs to the sub-

    humid bioclimatic type with hot winters, according to the classification of Emberger,. From

    the evaluation of THI and its resulting classes, it was found that the months January and

    February fall under the cold class, March and December fall under the cool class, April,

    May, October and November in the comfortable class and finally the period between June

    and September in the hot class. From the analysis of the climatic and bioclimatic data of the

    island of Rhodes, it was concluded that high priority for anti-erosive works must be given to

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  • the sloping regions with westerly- north-westerly orientation as well as to the burnt areas from

    the fire of 2008.

    However, for a more detailed, microclimatic study of the island of Rhodes, a spatial

    distribution of the climatic parameters is required which can be conducted with the proper

    equipment.

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  • 1. .................................................................................................................... 5

    2. ........................................................................................................... 6

    3. ...................................................................................................... 10

    3.1 N ............................. 10

    3.2 .......................... 14

    4. ........................................................................... 17

    5. .......................................................................................................... 20

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  • 1.

    ,

    (- .., 2007). H

    ,

    ,

    (Schroeder and Beck, 1970; , 2002).

    ,

    .

    (Sebastin-Lopz et al., 2008).

    , ,

    2007 (-

    ., 2008). 2007

    .

    (Matsoukis

    et al., 2010). 2007

    NATURA 2000 (WWF,

    2008).

    .

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  • :

    , , , ,

    2.

    250

    , .

    ( . 1215 m)

    (WWF, 2008).

    (.. 3624, .. 2805, . 35 m)

    1955-1997.

    ,

    ( ) (C),

    (%), (), (nots)

    24.

    .

    Kppen

    ,

    - -,

    (-,

    1996).

    ,

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  • .

    ,

    .

    24.

    ( )

    .

    UNESCO-FAO.

    ()

    ()

    Gaussen :

    2 (1)

    ( (1), ).

    ,

    . Gaussen

    40%.

    (m) :

    hbr

    pmm fJJJJX *

    2

    ++= (2) :

    Jm =

    Jp =

    Jr =

    Jb =

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  • fh = (h)

    :

    h 40% fh = 1,0 40% < h 60% fh = 0,9 60% < h 80% fh = 0,8 80% < h 90% fh = 0,7 90% < h 100% fh = 0,6

    () Gaussen :

    = mXX (3)

    1:

    1.

    () ( , 1996;

    , 1980).

    150 < 200 --

    125 < 150 -

    100< 125 -

    75 < 100 -

    40 < 75 -

    0 < 40 -

    Emberger (, 1980)

    ( ) (Q) :

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  • ( )mMmMPQ+

    =*

    2

    *1000 (4)

    :

    = (mm)

    M= ( Kelvin)

    m= ( Kelvin)

    Emberger

    (Q)

    .

    , , ,

    , , ,

    (, 1980).

    ,

    ,

    (oy et al., 2007; Matsoukis et al., 2010)

    ()

    Toy et al. (2007):

    THI = -[(0.55-0.0055 * F)*(T-14.5)] (5)

    T = (0C), F= (%)

    2.

    2. ( Toy et

    al., 2007; Kamoutsis et al., 2007).

    THI (

    0C)

    Cold -1,7 to +12,9 Cool +13 to +14,9 Comfortable +15 to +19,9 Hot +20 to +26,4

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  • 3.

    3.1 N

    19,1 C.

    (. 3.1)

    11,9 C

    27,1 C.

    (-4,3 C)

    (+0,2 C).

    26,2 C

    12,5 C.

    (20,6 C) (16,9 C)

    ,

    (- .., 2007).

    (...)

    15,2 C.

    (. 3.1,)

    .

    22,5 C 15,2 C.

    (30,7 C)

    (15,1 C) .

    25-8-1988 42,0 C -4,0 C

    19-1-1964.

    0,3.

    .

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  • (+4,2 C)

    (+4,1 C) .

    (-4,4 C

    -3,7 C ).

    (-2,5 C -2,2 C )

    .

    (. 3.1)

    (58%) (72%).

    66%.

    (53,4 )

    .

    (16,4 ) (15, 9 ).

    (. 3.1)

    (0.3) (, )

    (4,3).

    (339 )

    6,5 . -

    ,

    1,5 . (-)

    (18,5) 1,6 6,4

    .

    (. 3.1)

    84,8

    (0,2).

    .

    . To

    703,0 mm, (157,4 mm)

    (

  • (165,4 mm) (122, 0 mm). 24

    (. )

    . 24 (. 3.1)

    .

    (178,8 mm)

    (138,5 mm) 24

    (, ).

    (, )

    .

    .

    (. 3.1)

    (11,6 Kt) (6,1 Knots).

    (11,0 Knots)

    .

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  • ()

    0.0

    5.0

    10.0

    15.0

    20.0

    25.0

    30.0

    oC

    M & ()

    0.0

    5.0

    10.0

    15.0

    20.0

    25.0

    30.0

    35.0

    40.0

    45.0

    oC

    & ()

    -10.0

    -5.0

    0.0

    5.0

    10.0

    15.0

    20.0

    25.0

    C

    ()

    50

    55

    60

    65

    70

    75

    (%)

    ()

    0.0

    1.0

    2.0

    3.0

    4.0

    5.0

    & max 24 ()

    0.0

    50.0

    100.0

    150.0

    200.0

    mm

    max 24

    ()

    0.0

    2.0

    4.0

    6.0

    8.0

    10.0

    12.0

    14.0

    nots

    . 3.1. .

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  • 3.2

    ,

    ,

    (

    ppen) Csa. ,

    .

    .

    (125

  • -

    - (lea-Ceratonion)

    (. 2) - -

    (Quercion ilicis).

    (. 2) - (. 1)

    (, 1978, 1978).

    2. ( , 1978)

    (lea-Ceratonion)

    (Quercion ilicis),

    Emberger

    8,8 C 7,0 C

    .

    (, 1978).

    ( )

    (THI),

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  • 3. ,

    cold,

    -1,7 +12,9 C, cool (THI = +13,0

    +14,9 C), , , comfortable

    (THI = +15,0 +19,9 C) hot

    (THI = +20,0 +26,4 C).

    3. ()

    1955-1997 .

    (0C) 12,33 cold 12,51 cold 13,75 cool 16,21 comfortable 19,33 comfortable 22,37 hot 24,01 hot 24,32 hot 22,46 hot 19,67 comfortable 16,19 comfortable 13,57 cool

    3.3

    ,

    ,

    (. 3.1),

    .

    ,

    .

    (. 3.1)

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  • 2008

    ,

    , .

    ,

    .

    24 (. 3.1)

    (, )

    (, )

    2008.

    ,

    .

    ,

    ,

    Gaussen, ,

    24,

    -

    2008 .

    .

    ,

    ,

    .

    4.

    .

    , .

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  • o

    .

    24

    .

    .

    . GR4210005 -

    .

    .

    ,

    ,

    -

    2008 .

    - .

    ,

    ,

    GR4210005

    .

    , ,

    ,

    ,

    .

    (, 2002; .. 2007; Matsoukis et al.,

    2009; Kamoutsis et al., 2010), (Chronopoulou-Sereli et al., 1983; Horbert et al.,

    1988; - .., 1996) (Matsoukis et al.,

    2010).

    ,

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  • 2008, .

    ,

    .

    -

    (,

    , .)

    .

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  • 5.

    Chronopoulou-Sereli A., Chronopoulos J., Horbert B. und Kircheorg A., 1983.

    Stadtklimatische Untersuchungen in Athen. Schr. R. d. Fachbereichs

    Landschaftsentwicklung der TU Berlin Landschaftsentwicklung und Umweltschutz

    Nr. 17.

    Horbert B., Kircheorg, A., Chronopoulou-Sereli A. and Chronopoulos J., 1988. Impact of

    Green on the Urban Atmosphere in Athens. Scientific Series of International Bureau

    Kernforschungsanlage Jlich GmbH. Berlin, Germany.

    Kamoutsis A., Matsoukis, A., Charalampopoulos I., Chronopoulou-Sereli A., 2007.

    Biometeorological conditions in mountainous communities and adjacent urban center

    in Greece by the use of indices: The case study of mountainous Nafpaktia district.

    Developments in Tourism Climatology, 3rd International Workshop on Climate,

    Tourism and Recreation, Alexandroupolis, Greece, 144-149.

    Kamoutsis A., Matsoukis A, Chronopoulos K. and Manoli E., 2010. A comparative study of

    human thermal comfort conditions in two mountainous regions in Greece during

    summer. Global Nest Journal (in press).

    atsoukis A., Kamoutsis A. and Chronopoulou-Sereli A., 2009. Air temperature and thermal

    comfort conditions in mountainous and urban regions. International Journal of

    Sustainable Development and Planning, 4(4): 357-363.

    Matsoukis A.S., Kamoutsis A.P., Chronopoulos K.I. and Fotos D.N., 2010. Role of burned

    and unburned pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) areas to air temperature and thermal

    comfort conditions. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin, 19(6): 1125-1131.

    Schroeder M. and Beck J., 1970. Fire weather. A guide for applications of meteorological

    informations in forest fire control operations. US. Department of Agriculture Forest

    Service. Agriculture Handbook 360.

    Sebastin-Lopz A., Salvador-Civil, R. Gonzalo-Jimnez J. and San-Miguel-Ayanz J., 2008.

    Integration- of socio-economic and environmental variables for modelling long-term

    fire danger in Southern Europe. Eur. J. Forest. Res., 127: 149-163.

    Toy S., Yilmaz S., Yilmaz H., 2007. Determination of bioclimatic comfort in three different

    land uses in the city of Erzurum, Turkey. Building and Environment, 42: 1315-1318.

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  • WWF, 2008. 2008 .

    , .

    ., 2002.

    . .

    , .

    ., -, ., ., .

    . 2007. To

    .

    ...... - , ,

    , 55-62.

    . 1978. , ,

    , .

    . 1978. , ,

    , .

    . 1978. , ,

    , .

    . 1980: . ,

    . , .

    - ., 1996. .

    , .

    ., . ., 1996.

    . 3

    --

    , , 25-27 1996, 135-140.

    - ., ., ., ., .,

    ., ., ., - ., 2007.

    - ,

    , , , ,

    . &

    &

    . , .

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  • - ., ., , ., . ., 2008.

    .

    2007-

    , , , , 191-

    213.

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    1. 2. 3. 3.1 N 3.2 4. 5.