A Satellite-Dispersion Modeling System to Downscale Fine Par9culate Fields to Near-Road Scale

FrankFreedman1,2,MohammadAl-Hamdan3,2,AkulaVenkatram4,SeyedmortezaAmini4,AnaRivera5,SenChiao1,2

1DepartmentofMeteorologyandClimateSciences,SanJoseStateUniversity

2CenterforAdvancedAtmosphericResearchandEducaJon3UniversiJesSpaceResearchAssociaJon

4DepartmentofMechanicalEngineering,UniversityofCaliforniaRiverside5DepartmentofGeography,SanJoseStateUniversity

November28,2017

PresentedatHAQAST3LamontDohertyEarthObservatory(Palisades,NY)

Stakeholders (1)

•  CaliforniaAirResourcesBoard•  CalEnviroScreen3.0•  U.S.Mexicanborderissues•  CynthiaGarcia,Hyung-JooLee,JinXi(ResearchDivision)

•  CaliforniaDepartmentofPublicHealth•  ImperialValley&U.S.MexicanBorderIssues(IVANNetworksupport)•  UNCPassiveSampling(BayArea)•  PaulEnglish(EnvironmentalHealthInvesJgaJonsBranch),JeffWagner(EnvironmentalHealthLaboratoryBranch)

Stakeholders (2)

•  SouthCoastAirQualityManagementDistrict•  MATESVPlanningSupport(Long-termhealthriskstudy…)•  Sang-MiLee(Planning,RuleDevelopment&AreaSources)

•  BayAreaAirQualityManagementDistrict•  ModelevaluaJon,emissionsdeterminaJon,BenMAPhealthriskassessment•  SaffetTanrikulu(Planning&ClimateProtecJon)•  CollaborraJonwMeytarSorekHamerandBobCha^ieid(NASAAMES)•  Seeposter

Use of Satellite-derived PM2.5 Fields for California (Precedent …)

hFps://oehha.ca.gov/calenviroscreen/report/calenviroscreen-30

CurrentversionPM2.5fields,annualaveragesatcensustractlevel…

EmploysLeeetal.(2016)satellite-derivedPM2.5forareasmorethan50kmfrommonitor(2006–2012,DeepBlue10-km)Updatetocurrentyears…HigherresoluGonsatelliteproducts…

Proxiesfordieselandroad-trafficpolluJonconcentraJonsAnnualaveragePM2.5polluJonconcentraJons

QuesGons•  Candispersionmodelingdownscalingsystemprovideauseful,directesJmateof

underlyingPM2.5,dieselandultrafineparJculatefieldsatcensustractscale?•  CansystembedesignedtobepracJcalforend-userapplicaJon?

Dispersion Model Downscaling (Possible use to support CalEnviroScreen)

Satellite-Informed PM2.5 Fields for California (Procedure)

• Al-Hamdanetal.(2009,2014)• BasedonAOD->PM2.5regressionmodel•  3-kmresoluJonfieldsforCaliforniafor2016• DarkTarget3-kmsatelliteAODproduct(MODIS,AQUAsatellite)• Meteorologicalco-variatesinregression• BiasCorrecJon,QA/QC,B-splinesmoothing

Satellite-Informed PM2.5 Fields for California (by Census Tract)

CurrentversioninCalEnviroScreen(2006–2012) DRAFTResults(2016)

2006-2012Fields(Leeetal.2016)(DeepBlue10-kmderived)

2016Field(DRAFT)(Al-Hamdan,inprogress…)(DarkTarget3-kmderived)

Dispersion Modeling Downscaling (Procedure)

•  Defineareaofinterest:singleorsetofdaily,griddedsatellite-derivedPM25concentraJons•  PM25SAT:Satellite-derivedPM25concentraJon(24-houravg.)overareaofinterest•  PM25DM:DispersionmodelesJmatedPM25concentraJon(24-houravg.)overareaofinterest•  <>-spaJalaverageoverareaofinterest

PM25DM(x,y) = PM25REG,DM,P + PM25REG,DM,S + PM25LOC,DM,P(x,y).

PM25(x,y) = PM25DM(x,y) x [PM25SAT /<PM25DM>]

Dispersionmodelfieldsumofregional&localcontribuJonsRegional:LBMmodelLocal:Line-sourcemodel

ScaledispersionmodelfieldSoaverageoverareaofinterestMatchessatellite-derivedvalue.

(1)DispersionmodelesGmatedfield…

(2)Scaledispersionmodelfieldtomatchsatellite

Regional:LBMModel Local:Line-SourceModel

Dispersion Modeling Downscaling (Example: December 8, 2016 @ Riverside CA)

Satellite-derivedvalue@areaofinterestonDecember8,2016=19.6μg/m3

LBMcalculatedback-trajectories(example:hour0700LSTDec.8,2016)

DownscaledDec.8field

Step1•  LBMModel•  RegionalPM2.5

Step2:•  LineSourceModel:LocalPM2.5•  Scalingtomatchsatellite-valueGiven…

Satellite-Informed PM2.5 Grids (Daily 3-km) (PM25SAT)

Regional Emissions

(4-km, 2012)

Satellite AOD (MODIS AQUA)

(DT 3-km)

Meteorology (HRRR 3km)

Downscaled PM2.5 (~ 10-100 m resolution)

Meteorology (NLDAS-2,

~12km)

Satellite PM2.5 Field Generation Dispersion Model Downscaling

PM2.5 Measurements

(EPA FRM)

Surfacing Model (Multi-Regression & B-Spline Interpolation)

Lagrangian Background Model

(LBM)

Roadway Emissions

(CALTRANS AADT) (EMFAC2014)

Regional PM2.5 (PM25REG,DM,P) (PM25REG,DM,S)

Local PM2.5 (PM25LOC,DM,P)

Merge

Line Source Model

Next steps …

Systemupandrunning,onward…•  Fine-tuneinternalphysics:SatelliteAOD-PM2.5&DispersionModeling•  IncreasecomputaGonalefficiency(implementonmulJ-processors)• Definecase-studiesforevaluaJon&applicaJons

Further details …

•  “ASatellite-DispersionModelingSystemtoGenerateHigh-ResoluJonDownscaledPM2.5Field”.Presentedatthe16thAnnualCMASConference,ChapelHill,NC,October23-25,2017.hnps://www.cmascenter.org/conference//2017/abstracts/freedman_satellite-dispersion_2017.pdf

•  Al-Hamdan,M.Z.andco-authors(2014).EnvironmentalPublicHealthApplicaJonsUsingRemotelySensedData.GeocartoInternaPonal,29:85-98.

•  Al-Hamdan,M.Z.andco-authors(2009):MethodsforCharacterizingFineParJculateManerUsingGroundObservaJonsandSatelliteRemote-SensingData:PotenJalUseforEnvironmentalPublicHealthSurveillance.JournaloftheAir&WasteManagementAssociaPon,59,865–881.

•  Lee,H.J.,R.B.Cha^ield,andA.W.Strawa,(2016):EnhancingtheApplicabilityofSatelliteRemoteSensingforPM2.5EsJmaJonUsingMODISDeepBlueAODandLandUseRegressioninCalifornia,UnitedStates.EnvironmentalScience&Technology,6546–6555,doi:10.1021/acs.est.6b01438.

•  Pournazeri,S.,etal.(2014),AcomputaJonallyefficientmodelforesJmaJngbackgroundconcentraJonsofNOx,NO2,andO3.EnvironmentalModellingandSoWware,52,19–37.

•  Venkatram,A.andW.Horst(2006):ApproximaJngdispersionfromafinitelinesource.AtmosphericEnvironment,40.2401-2408.